POLICY ADVOCACYอํานวย กาจนีะ พ.บ.

บรรยายในหวัขอ้ Policy Advocacy

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POLICY ADVOCACY• การผลักดนันโยบาย

• การชีแนะนโยบาย

• การขบัเคลือนโยบาย

Powerand

The Policy Process

• Power : who influence policy?

• Process : what is policy and howpolicy is made ?

Advocacy Institute (New York, USA)

Australian Advocacy Institute

National Institute for Trial Advocacy (NITA)

WHAT IS POLICY ?• A purposive course of action followed by

an actors or set of actors in dealing with aproblem or matter of concern

• A series of more or less related activitiesand their intended and unintendedconsequences for those concerned, ratherthan a discrete decision

HEALTH POLICY

• Health Policy embraces courses of action that affect theset of institutions, organizations, services and fundingarrangements of the health care system. It goes beyondhealth services, however, and includes actions or intendedactions by public, private and voluntary organizations thathave an impact on health

WHAT IS POLICY ?ตคีวามแบบกวา้ง

• Decision making

• การตดัสนิใจ

INDIDUAL & PUBLICDECISION MAKING

• Policy คอื การตัดสนิใจ• การตัดสนิใจ มทีังเรืองสว่นตัว หรอืเรืองสว่นรวม/เรืองสาธารณะ• นโยบายสาธารณะ หรอื Public policy เป็นเรืองของการตัดสนิใจ

เรืองสว่นรวม• การตัดสนิใจ วา่ ทําหรอืไมทํ่า• การตัดสนิใจวา่ ไมทํ่า ก็ถอืวา่เป็นนโยบาย

PUBLIC POLICY

นโยบายสาธารณะ หรอื Public Policy :

การตดัสนิใจทีจะ respond ตอ่ปัญหาของpublic อยา่งใดอยา่งหนึง รวมทังการตดัสนิใจวา่จะไมทํ่า

ADVOCACY

ภาษาไทย : โนม้นา้ว ผลักดนั ขบัเคลือน

English : influence others purposively

“การมอีทิธพิลตอ่ผูอ้ืนดว้ยวัตถปุระสงคอ์ยา่งใดอยา่งหนึง”

POLICY PROCESSกระบวนการนโยบาย

กระบวนการนโยบาย คอือะไร ?

• มักจะคดิถงึ การออกนโยบาย ซึงเป็นเพยีงสว่นหนึง

• การออกนโยบาย (Policy Formulation) : การเสนอทางเลอืกทีดกีวา่ทางเลอืกอืน หรอื ทีเรยีกกนัวา่กระบวนการขาขึน

• ในความเป็นจรงิ กระบวนการนโยบาย มทีังขาขึน ขาลงและ ไมข่ึนไมล่ง (evaluation & monitoring & etc.)

การต ังวาระนโยบายAGENDA SETTING

• Agenda Setting หรอื การตังวาระนโยบาย : การchange สิงทีเรยีกวา่ social climate รวมไปถงึการทําpublic campaign เพือเปลียนวธิมีองปัญหาของสงัคม

• เมอืสงัคม มองปัญหาเปลียนไป โอกาสในการตังวาระนโยบายก็เกดิขึน

• การตังวาระนโยบาย เกดิขึนจาก agenda setter ทีมีหลากหลายลักษณะ และดว้ยวธิกีารทีแตกตา่งกนัไป

กระบวนการนโยบายและ การผลกัดนันโยบาย

• Policy Advocacy เกดิขึนไดก้บั Policy Process ในทกุขันตอน

• Conventionally : มุง่ไปทีมอํีานาจตดัสนิใจ หรอืPolicy makers หรอื Decision makers

• ในความหมายทีกวา้งกวา่ : มุง่ไปทีผูเ้กียวขอ้งในสงัคมทกุระดบั (การสรา้งเครอืขา่ย หรอื สรา้ง interestgroups)

Your Voice Matters: Policy and Advocacy

What is Advocacy?

5 tips for advocacy

“If you have and hour to chop astack of wood, it is worth

spending the first half hoursharpening your axe.”

กระบวนการผลกัดนันโยบายสาธารณะ

Policy Advocacy

Tactics Strategy

9 คาํถามสู่AdvocacyReference Advocacy Institute. USA

9 คาํถามสู่ ADVOCACYObjective: what do you want to achieve

Who can make it happen:

Who are your messengers

Messages, what do they need to hear

How best to get messages delivered

Taking Stock: What have we got

Filling the Gaps: What do we need to develop

First Step: How do we begin

Strategic Flexibility: How do we tell that its working

LookingOutward

LookingInward

Looking Outwards1. What is your policy objective what do youwant to achieve

2. Who can make it happen

3. Who are your messengers

4. Messages what do they need to hear

5. How beat to get messages delivered

Looking lnward6. Toking Stock: what have we got

7. Filling the Gaps: what do we need to develop

8. First Step: How do we begin

9. Strategic Flexibility: How do we tell that itsworking

POLICY ADVOCACYPolicy advocacy is defined as active, covert, or inadvertent support of aparticular policy or class of policies. Whether it is proper for scientists andother technical experts to act as advocates for their personal policypreferences is contentious. In the scientific community, much of thecontroversy around policy advocacy involves precisely defining the properrole of science and scientists in the political process. Some scientistschoose to act as policy advocates, while others regard such a dichotomousrole as inappropriate.

Providing technical and scientific information to inform policy deliberationsin an objective and relevant way is recognized as a difficult problem inmany scientific and technical professions. The challenge and conflicts havebeen studied for those working as stock analysts in brokerage firms, formedical experts testifying in malpractice trials, for funding officers atinternational development agencies, and for intelligence analysts withingovernmental national security agencies. The job of providing accurate,relevant, and policy neutral information is especially challenging if highlycontroversial policy issues (such as climate change) that have a significantscientific component. The use of normative science by scientists is acommon method used to subtly advocate for preferred policy choices.

Defining policy advocacyThe most basic meaning of advocacy is to represent,promote, or defend some person(s), interest, or opinion.Such a broad idea encompasses many types of activitiessuch as rights’ representation and social marketing, but thefocus of this manual is on the approaches adopted byorganizations and coalitions in trying to change or preservespecific government programs, that is, approaches focusedon influencing decisions of public policy. In order todistinguish this from other types of advocacy activities, it isoften referred to as “policy advocacy.” This is also the termwe use throughout the guide to make this distinction clear.

There are many definitions of policy advocacyavailable from multiple authors andperspectives. At their core are a number ofideas that continually come up, characterizingpolicy advocacy as follows:- a strategy to affect policy change or action

- a primary audience of decision makers

- a deliberate process of persuasive communication

- a process that normally requires the building ofmomentum and support behind the proposed policy idea orrecommendation.

- conducted by groups of organied citizens

a strategy to affect policy change oraction

— an advocacy effort or campaign is astructured and sequenced plan of action withthe purpose to start, direct, or prevent aspecific policy change.

a primary audience of decisionmakers

— the ultimate target of any advocacy effort isto influence those who hold decision-makingpower. In some cases, advocates can speakdirectly to these people in their advocacyefforts; in other cases, they need to putpressure on these people by addressingsecondary audiences (for example, theiradvisors, the media, the public).

a deliberate process of persuasivecommunication

— in all activities and communication tools,advocates are trying to get the targetaudiences to understand, be convinced, andtake ownership of the ideas presented.Ultimately, they should feel the urgency totake action based on the argumentspresented.

a process that normally requires thebuilding of momentum and supportbehind the proposed policy idea orrecommendation

- Trying to make a change in public policy isusually a relatively slow process as changingattitudes and positions requires ongoingengagement, discussion, argument, andnegotiation.

conducted by groups of organiedcitizens

— normally advocacy efforts are carried outby organizations, associations, or coalitionsrepresent the interests or positions ofcertain populations, but an individual may,of course, spearhead the effort.

Policy advocacy is the process ofnegotiating and mediating a

dialogue through which influentialnetworks, opinion leaders, andultimately, decisionmakers take

ownership of your ideas, evidence,and proposals, and subsequently

act upon them.

WHAT IS ADVOCACY?

Listening

Self advocacy

Practical support like attending meetings

Challenging decisions

Accessing information

Understanding information

Accessing Services

Participating in communities

Challenging discrimination

Making and communicating choices

Protecting human rights

Supported decision making

WHAT IS ADVOCACY?

Advocacy is an activity by an individual orgroup which aims to influence decisionswithin political, economic, and socialsystems and institutions

Advocacy is about building relationships

It is best done from the bottom up-grassroots

Advocacy is also about developing skills tohelp your organization such as fundraising.

THE ADVOCACY TOOLBOX

Crafting key messages

Call plan development

Social media as a tool

Leave behind document

Understanding your ‘ask’ / purpose of themeeting

Most of the time your advocacyefforts will be directed towardspolicy or decision makers

So it's important to understand a bitabout how governments work

We'll take a look at the provincialgovernment...

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

Pre-legislative processfor government bills

Internal process drivenby political office

Insight into this stageprovides idea ofgovernment directionand opportunity toinfluence

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS

After cabinet approvalthe bill goes to the house

Opportunity for publicconsultation but littleability to significantlyinfluence

GOVERNMENT RELATIONS 101

Behind the scenes bureaucrats run the day-to-day business of government

To influence them you must:- Align your objectives with their priorities

- Identify the key stakeholders, both within governmentand externally

- Identify who and what will influence them

- Build a case that demonstrates mutual benefit

BUILDING OWNERSHIP IS AT THECORE OF POLICY ADVOCACY.Putting the definition another way may be even morestriking: your policy advocacy campaign has beensuccessful when politicians present your ideas, analysis,and proposals as their own and do not mention you! Forthose who come from an academic background, this is oftena bitter pill to swallow, but the good news is that it will beno secret where the ideas originated. All those in the policynetwork close to the decision will know where the ideacame from and you will, in fact, be engaged to do furtherwork as your reputation is enhanced. From the practicalpolitical position, decision makers have to present policychanges as their own, as they are the ones taking a risk onactually delivering the policy change, have to sell the ideasto build the needed support for their proposal, andultimately will pay the price if it fails.

YOU HAVE ACHIEVED SUCCESSWHEN DECISIONMAKERS PRESENTYOUR IDEAS AS THEIR OWN.Through this focus on mediation, negotiation and ownership, itcould be inferred in our definition that we are only talking abouta collaborative working relationship between parties involved inthe process and that more confrontational approaches such aswhistleblowing, watchdogging, or strategic litigation would notbe covered under such a definition. However, it is our contentionthat such advocacy approaches are what negotiators call a “highopening position” and when following such a strong opening ofan advocacy process, there is still a long way to go before actualpolicy change will be delivered to ensure that such victories orexposure of policy failures are not just given lip service bygovernments. Delivering on such victories still takes a process ofbuilding broad ownership of a new system that, for example,does not infringe on the rights of a certain population.

Q&A