•Popular Culture (Identify the rise in popularity of these forms of entertainment)

•National forms of entertainment all Americans are sharing•Movies (How were movies different from today? Why rise in popularity in 1920’s?)

•Black and white, silents, over 10k theaters•Jazz Singer

•1st talking picture, black face (racist)•Radio (How popular?)

•Most popular form of entertainment (in every home in 1920’s)

•Types of Programs on Radio?•Radio dramas and comedies (like TV today w/out pictures)

•NBC and CBS (How did they change American entertainment when started?)

•National radio stations (allowed all Americans to listen to same news, sports, and shows (shared culture beyond regions and ethnicities)

•Music•Jazz (Who invented it? Who was listening to it? Why is that significant?)

•Black people (invented)•Young white people (listening)•Breaking down of racism by young people

•Sports (Why did it rise in popularity in 1920’s nationally? i.e.- What changed to allow people to be NY Yankee fans in Los Angeles?)

•Radio and newspapers allowed people in other towns to hear about exploits of teams and their heros

•Be sure how to identify how these national pastime and forms of communication impacted and changed American culture

•Conformity (Americans start copying, talking, and dressing like the stars in movies and sports)

•Not like their immigrant or rural neighbors

•Social Movements•Prohibition

•18th Amendment (define)•Alcohol banned

•Supporters and opponents (Identify both groups and reasons for their beliefs)

•Supporters- Women, Rural (Fundamentalist Christians-sin, women victims of abuse)•Opponents- Urbanites, Immigrants (drinking a part of life)

•Difficulties enforcing (esp. why it is hard to enforcing a law against social behavior)

•Hard to ban something people like to do for fun (can’t control behavior, can only limit aspects of behavior)

•Red Scare•Targeting Immigrants (Which immigrants? Why?)

•New Immigrants (S/E Europe)•Dark skinned, diff. lang., diff. rel.

•Sacco and Vanzetti (identify? Why were they found guilty? Why should the US be ashamed?)

•2 Italian immigrants execute for murder•Guilty by prejudice (Am.s felt dark skinned, non-English speaking, anarchists are guilty of something)

•Palmer Raids (Identify, who was targeted? Why did Americans support those raids in 1920’s/)

•Round up and deportation of immigrants (esp. Russian) for being suspected Communists

•Xenophobia- FEAR IMM. WERE CRIMINALS

•Fundamentalism•Define- Traditional Christian values, word for word belief in bible

•Scopes Monkey Trial (Identify, explain why so many people were interested in the outcome?)

•Trial over whether school should teach evolution•Clash between creationism/Christianity and Science/Fundamentalism

•KKK- •hate for blacks expanded to immigrants

•Define and explain the reason for popularity in 1920’s•Christian fundamentalists, fear immigrants are destroying American values•Modernity- new groups too much freedom (WOMEN)

•Women- gain more freedom •Flappers (Identify and define)

•Women showed freedom by wearing short skirts, short hair (BOB), and drinking

•Margret Sanger (identify, explain how her beliefs could change the lives of women and impacts today)

•Birth control•Allows women not to get pregnant and could focus on furthering their own life

•19th Amendment (define)•Women right to vote

•African-Americans•Great Migration (define)

•Blacks from South begin to move north•Harlem Renaissance (define, explain importance of such a movement)

•Black movement of equality to Whites through literature (Langston Hughes)

•Consumerism (Why was there an availability of new previously unaffordable products in 1920’s?)

•Mass Production through scientific management (assembly lines)

•Automobile (Why did it rise in popularity in 1920’s? How did it change the American landscape and economy in 1920’s?)

•Became affordable in 1920’s•Model T (Identify)

•1st affordable auto

•Assembly Line (Define, who applied it to cars?)•Each worker had one job to build car, sped up production•Henry Ford

•Frederick Taylor (Explain his ideas and how it impacted production in 1920’s?)

•Stop wasted motion in workplace (make workers more efficient and unskilled, anyone can do the job- simplify)

•Advertising (Why?)•To get people to buy product (overproduction, make people want to buy their product BECAUSE there are so many choices)

•Buying on Credit (define, how did this change American consumerism in 1920’s? What is the dark side of credit and how can that impact the economy?)

•Buy now, pay later•People fell into debt, pay back loan, CAN’T BUY NEW PRODUCTS

•PoliticsReturn to Normalcy (Define- relate to government’s philosophy on its role in the economy-

Return to Laissez-FaireoPresident Harding- faults

oNaïve, too gullible, not smart (surrounded by crooks)•Scandals (Explain why there was an increase in government scandals under the Harding Administration? Use “Return to Normalcy to help answer this question

•Harding was not smart enough to police his administration and surrounded by people in Gov. desiring to get rich, not help people

oTea Pot Dome (Explain)oNavy oil reserves sold off to oil men in return for a bribe to a Gov. official (Albert Fall- Sec. of Interior)

1930’s/ Great Depression•Causes

4 Causes (Explain how each of the following created the Great Depression)

oFarmers Plight (Identify their problem, how does that negatively impact economy?)

oOverproduction of food (prices dropped, farmers lost farms)oFarmers took out loans, could not pay back or BUY NEW PRODUCTS, lost farms

oRich vs. Poor (Think circulation of money)o5% OF Am. controlled 35% of moneyoMoney not circulating

oMiddle Class (Think pay)oWages did not go up (can’t not buy new stuff, bus. hurt)

oConsumerism/ Over Production (Why did companies have too many products that they could not sell?)

oCompanies made more goods than they could sell (Com. went out of business or laid off workers)

•Stock Market•Buying on Margin (Define, how did this lead to…

•Investors puts down 10% and borrows 90% for stocks•Saturation (rise in stock prices)

•Too many investors that want stock so prices rose (not because of good products but because people want in)

•Crash (what happens when people realize prices are too high? How are people who bought on margin affected?)

•Prices dropped, people could not PAY BACK LOAN/MARGIN, sold their stock causing prices too drop more

•Crash (Explain importance)•Start of Great Depression

•Banks (What was happening to them?)•Went out of business (people lost their money!!!)

•Hoover’s Responses•Rugged Individualism (define, explain Hoover’s belief on the role of government during the Depression)

•People should help themselves•Gov. should not help, people will become lazy!!!

•Reconstruction Finance Corporation (Define, what was its limitation on its ability to impact and help the country?)

•Gov. loaned money to banks, insurance companies, business•$ given to banks and companies that kept $ rather than spend $

•$ could have gone to people who would have spent•Bonus Army (Define, impact on Hoover’s Presidency)

•WWI veterans that wanted $ owed from war•Sent army to kick B Army out (looked careless and uncaring)

•Other•Eleanor Roosevelt- FDR’s wife, seen as a person who connected with the people and could convince the President to provide further help•Fireside Chats (Define)

•FDR radio talks to Americans to make them feel better about their situation

World War II•Causes of War and US attitudes at beginning

German AggressionHitler wanted to get back land lost in TofV

oSudetenland/ AppeasementoGerman speaking part of Cz. (Hetler threatened to invade if not given Sudentenland)oAppeasement- Eng. And Fr. Agree to give Hitler Sudetenland in return for promising not to take anymore land

Japanese AggressionWants to dominate Asia and have access to natural resources

oInvasion of China and US Embargo (of what?)oJapan takes over China (Rape of Nanking and Shangjai)

oUS stops selling oil to Japan (seen as an aggressive act by Japan and feels the US will one day attack Japan)

oPearl HarboroJapan surprise attack on HA. (US declares war)

US Reluctance to enter WWIIsolationism, depression, European affair (until PH)

•War At Home •Japanese Internment (Why? Also, think of where they live in US, why move them?)

•Imprisonment of all Japanese/Americans•Fear- Jap. Spies•Anger- over Pearl Harbor•Racism- US has history of prejudice towards Asians

•Korematsu vs. US•US Supreme Court decision that allowed US to arrest Jap/Am (worst decision ever)

•442 Combat Unit•Bravest unit in WWII (made up of Jap/Am. From Ha)

•Women•Took place of men in factories

•Rosie the Riveter•Symbol of the fact that women did a good job in replacing male workers and contributed to winning the war

•Rationing (Explain limitations on US consumerism, change of the role of government from 1920’s Laissez-Faire)

•Americans could not purchase non-essential items (cars, clothes) or were rationed/limited essential items (gas, food)

•African-Americans (role in war?)•Fought in segregated unitsand worked in factories

•Tuskeegee Airmen- 1st black airplane unit•Great Migration

•Af/Am. Move out of South to West (LA) and North (NY)•Latinos (Role in War?)

•Farm labor•Bracero Program

•Allowed immigration of Mexicans (deferred from draft)•Zoot Suit Riots

•Sailors attack Pachucos while waiting to leave to fight against Japanese, Pachucos arrested

•War Strategies and Major Events•Original War Strategy to Defeat Axis Powers (explain)

•Defeat Hitler first, then focus on Japan•Problem- US started winning against Japan and ended fighting both at same time

•D-Day•Invasion of France to liberate Europe from Nazis

•Battle of Bulge•Last offensive by Germans, heavy casualties, Ger. about to lose

•Island Hopping (define)•Strategy to reach Japan by invading islands held by Japanese so a final invasion and bombing campaign could be mounted

•Midway•Turning point of war in Pacific (6 months after Pearl Harbor US is winning against Japanese)

•Leyte Gulf•Liberates Philippines, Japanese navy is destroyed•Kamikaze- used by Japanese

•Japan still not surrendering•Atomic Bomb (identify)

•Most powerful weapon ever•Manhattan Project (reason to develop bomb?)

•Project to build A-Bomb before Germans

•Two cities dropped on? Reasons to drop the bomb?•Hiroshima and Nagasaki

•Japan would not surrender•Scare Stalin and Russia (end war quickly so Russia will not invade and keep anymore land)

•Major Treaties and •US provided Allies with money and supplies to fight Germany BEFORE US enters war

•Four Freedoms Speech•Freedom from Fear and Want

•Goals of Allies in fighting WWII•Atlantic Charter

•FDR and Churchill devise Four Freedoms •Importance- US and Allies are not fighting to gain more land (unlike WWI) but to free people from oppression and tyranny

•Yalta Conference•FDR, Stalin, and Churchill meet to discuss how war in Europe will end

•Stalin promises to free Poland, lies•Marks beginning of Cold War and end of WWII alliance w. Rusia

•Cold War•Foundations

Communism/ Soviet Union/Russia (Identify and define the type of government in the Soviet Union, what does this type of government believe about expansion

Communism (Gov. control of everything, limited freedoms) Communism will one day take over the world (because

Communism supports the poor, and poor are everywhere)oBuffer Zone- Relate the Soviet’s WWII experience to the mentality towards dealing with the US and Western Europe

oRussia lost 20 mil. people (prevent invasion)oNext war will not take place in Russia (but in E. Eur.)

Capitalism/ Democracy/USAoInternationalism- How is the US foreign policy going to change compared to after WWII? What political position will take a lead role in this change?

o No longer isolationist (join alliances, keep military abroad)o President (b/c he is in charge of military, can lame quick war like

decisions b/c Russia is constant enemy)

•Policies •Marshall Plan (Define, why did the US want to help so much? (think of European point of view and also how the plan would help the US)

•Help Europe rebuild, prevent them from going to Russia for aid and turning Communist

• Europe would buy US products (everyone else is destroyed)•Truman Doctrine (define, what two countries did it help)

•US will help any country threatened by Communism w. aid• Greece and Turkey

•Containment/George Keenan (Define, how has the US changed its foreign policy)•US will threaten to use force every time Communism tries to expand

• Not isolationist•NATO (define, change in US foreign policy?)

•Military alliance b/t US, Canada, and Western Europe• Not isolationist (in an “Entangling Alliance”)

•United Nations (define purpose)• Settle international disputes by meeting (and using military force to

enforce decisions)•Korean War (Police Action) Why did the US get involved in Korea? How could the US go to war without declaring war?

• North Korea (Com) invaded South Korea (Dem.)• Police Action- UN said it needed help, US came to aid UN