population development and population policies in china

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Mr. Wang Qian National Health and Family Planning Commission, PRC 2014.03.01 国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC Population Development and Population Policies in China

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Este documento, cujo tema é o desenvolvimento populacional e as políticas populacionais da China, foi apresentado durante a reunião plenária da Comissão Nacional sobre População e Desenvolvimento (CNPD), realizada no dia 20 de fevereiro, em Brasília. Autor: Mr. Wang Qian. Leia mais em: www.sae.gov.br

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Page 1: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Mr. Wang Qian

National Health and Family Planning Commission, PRC

2014.03.01

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Population Development and

Population Policies in China

Page 2: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Population Development in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 3: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

In 1949 the total population of China

was 540 million, accounting for 1/4 of

world population at that time.

In 1970, 830 million

Page 4: Population Development and Population Policies in China

To control population growth, the Chinese

Government advocated family planning in

cities in 1960s, and then in both cities and

rural areas in early 1970s

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 5: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

In 1982, family planning was announced as a

fundamental national policy written into the

constitution, and the population planning was

also included into the National Planning for

Social and Economic Development. In

December 2001, the Population and Family

Planning Law of the People's Republic of China

was enacted.

Page 6: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Family planning related organs were

set up in all levels of government, and

dedicated family planning workers were

assigned in each village or community. In

addition, a large number of NGOs sprang

up, such as China Family Planning

Association which is the largest NGO in

China, with current members amounting to

90 million.

Page 7: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Government launched continuous and

extensive communication and education

campaign and also offered free

contraceptives such as condom and other

contraceptive services to the masses.

Use

Contr

acept

ives

Do not

use

Page 8: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Contraceptive Mix of Married Women in

2012已婚妇女避孕方法构成(2012年)

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 9: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

CBR CDR NIR

Page 10: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Sticking to harmonious coordination between

population development and socio-economic

development, the Chinese Government is

closely integrating family planning with

women empowerment, poverty reduction in

rural areas and universal health, and is

particularly integrating maternal and child

health care with reproductive health.

Page 11: Population Development and Population Policies in China

婴儿死亡率(IMR): in 1991 , 50.2‰

in 2012, 10.3‰

孕产妇死亡率(MMR):

in 1991, 80/100,000

in 2012, 24.5/100,000

Average Live Expectancy:

Mid of 20th Century:about 37

in 2010:74.83

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 12: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 13: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Impoverished population in rural areas

in 1978: 250 million

end of 2010 : 26.88million

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 14: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Population Dividend:

Higher proportion of working population

and lower proportion of dependent

population

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 15: Population Development and Population Policies in China

illiteracy rate:early of 1950’s,80%

in 2000,6.72%

in 2010,4.08%

Average schooling years:

1980’s,4years;

currently,9years

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 16: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Population Development Tendency,

Challenges and Countermeasures

Page 17: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Enormous yet ever-growing population

size.

1.36 billion by the end of 2013)

reach the peak 1.46 billion in around 2030.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 18: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Shrinking family size.

in 1982,4.43

in 2000,3.44

in 2010,3.10

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 19: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Accelerated population aging.

In 2012, the number of population aged above 65

totaled 127 million in 2012, or 9.7% of total

population.

It's projected that the total number of population

aged above 65 will exceed 300 million (about 1/5

of total population) in the period from 2035 to

2040.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 20: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Aged 60+

Aged 65+

Aged 80+

Rapid Growth of Aged Population

Page 21: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Continuously higher SRB. China's

SRB has been rising ever since 1980s

and reached 117.7 in 2012.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 22: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Enormous migrant population.

In 2013,245 million,

In the near future, it's anticipated that

another 300 million of rural population

will migrate to cities, and the

urbanization rate will hit 70% by that

time.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 23: Population Development and Population Policies in China

23

Migrant size and average increase rate

6.5718.1

70.73

221.43

147.35

102.29

21.35

0

50

100

150

200

250

1982 1987 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Mig

rant

siz

e (

in m

illio

n)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Annual in

cre

ase r

ate

Page 24: Population Development and Population Policies in China

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Note: China’s urbanization rate has reached 52.6% in 2012.

Urbanization Rate of the World, the U.K, Brazil, U.S.A,

Korea, France, Japan, China and India in 2010

Page 25: Population Development and Population Policies in China

1、To uphold the fundamental national policy

of family planning in order to stabilize the

fertility level at around 1.8.

2 、 To enhance the quality of new-born

population and pay attention to human

resource accumulation.

3、To positively respond to population aging.

4、To curb the problem of high SRB and

promote gender equality.

5 、 To guide the orderly movement and

reasonable distribution of population.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 26: Population Development and Population Policies in China

In general, the population policies

established and implemented by China

proceed from China's realities and have

taken the future development trend into

good consideration, all aiming to realize the

long-term balanced development of

population itself and the coordinated

development between population and

economy, society, resources and

environment.

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC

Page 27: Population Development and Population Policies in China

Thank you!

国家卫生和计划生育委员会 NHFPC