posemètre sekonic l-28c2

8/17/2019 Posemètre Sekonic l-28c2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/posemetre-sekonic-l-28c2 1/26

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sEKOtrrrc



CONTENTS

1 .

I n t r o d u c i n g

t h e

S e k o n i c

S t u d i o

D e | u x e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 - 1 .

F o r e w o r d

. . . . . . . . . .

I - 2 .

S p e c i f

c a t i o n s

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

1 - 3 .

N a m e

o f P a r t s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

I - 4 .

l n t r o d u c i n g

t h e A c c e s s o r i e s

_ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 .

S p e c i a l F e a t u r e s

o f t h e

S e k o n i c

S t u d i o

D e l u x e . . .

g

2 - L . l n c i d e n t L i g h t M e a s u r e

. . . . .

B

2 - 2 .

L u m i s p h e r e

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

2 - 3 .

M e a s u r i n g

l l l u m i n a t i o n

. . . . .

B

2 - 4 .

D i r e c t - R e a d i n g

M e t h o d

. . . . .

g

2 - 5 .

I n t e r m e d i a t e

V a l u e s

. . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 .

H o w

t o

O p e r a t e

t h e

M e t e r

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 1 1

3 1 .

F o e w o

d

. . . . . . . . . .

1

3 - 2 .

P r e p a r a t i o n s

. . . . . . . 1 1

3 - 3 .

T a k i n g

t h e P i c t u r e

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

3 - 4 .

R e a d i n g

t h e M e t e r

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

3 - 5 . E x p o s u r e

M a g n i fc a t i o n

a n d R e d u c t i o n

n d e x e s . . . . . 1 6

3 - 6 . E .V .S . N u m b e r s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7

3 - 7 .

M o t i o n

P i c t u r e s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L 7




4 .

Co r rec t

Exposu res

unde r Spec ia l

Cond i t i ons

. . . . . 19

4 - I . Po r t ra i t s

. . . . . . 19

4 - 2 .

" S h o r t - d i s t a n c e "

a n d s c a p e s . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 O

4 -3 . D is tan t

Landscapes

. . . . . . 2 I

4 -4 .

Snow

Scenes . . .

. . . . . . . . . 22

4 -5 .

S ide

and Back - l i gh ted

cenes . . .

. . . . . . . . 23

4 -6 . Sh i lhou t t edScenes . . . . . . . . . 24

4 - 7 . D i r e c t R e a d i n g

M e t h o d

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5

5 .

Spec ia l

L igh t ing

Cond i t i ons

. . . . . . . . . 27

5 -1 . Fo rewo

d

. . . . . . . . . 27

5 -2 . L igh t ing Con t ras tCon t ro l

(

ndoo rs ) . . . . . . . 28

5 -3 . Ou tdoo r Con t ras t

Con t ro l

. . . . . . . . . 29

5 -4 . Re f lec ted

L igh t Read ing

. . . . . . . . . 31

5 -5 .

M ode rn L igh t ing Con t ro l

. . . . . . . . . 36

5 -6 . C lose -ups

. . . . . . . . . 38

5 -7 . Sun l igh t -F lash

ho tog raphy

. . . . . . . . . 4L

6 . Tak ing Ca re o f

You r

Sekon ic

S tud io De luxe . . . . . 46

6 - 1 . Z e r o S e t t i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

6 - 2 . S l i d e S l o t

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

6 - 3 . O t h e r

P r e c a u t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

6 -4 . Se rv ice

. , , . . . . . 47

1. Introducing

he Sekonic

Studio

Deluxe L-28c2

Dual

PurposeExposure

Meter

1-1.

Foreword

For

years

Sekon ic

has marke ted

the

Sekon ic

Stud io

S,

wh ich

has

been w ide ly

accepted

throughout

the wor ld

by com m erc ia l

and

am a teu r

pho tog raphe rs ,

r t i s t s ,

nd

m ov ie

cam eram en .

The

Sekon ic

S tud io De luxe

is

a

new improved

mode l

o f

the

Sekon ic

Stud io

, ,S" .

l t is

easy

to

use and

designed

to

g ive

the

most

accura te

exposure

ead ings

based on

inc ident

igh t .

A

var ie ty

of

accessor iesmake the Sekon icStud io De luxe a pro fes-

s iona l

and

ve rsa t i l e

ns t rum en t

ha t

w i l l

m ee t

a l l

you r

photorga

h ic

req

u i rements.

L-2.

Specifications

M E A S U

E M E

T

q

I

q

M ethod

Ra

nge

Accuracy

SCALE

AS A

D I N

T im e

(Shu t te r

speed )

Aper tu re

C i n e

E V

sca le

Correct ion

actor

D i m e n s i o n

Approx.

we igh t

Inc ident

& re f lected

igh t

E V4 - L 7 a t

A S A1 0 0

+O.3

EV M ax .

( less

han 1 /3

a

per tu re

sca

e)

8 -12 ,000

LO-42

6A- I /2 ,O00

sec.

1 -

9 0

8 -128

f ram es

pe r

second

L igh t a ues

L 20

C : 2 5 K - 1 . 1 5

4 . 2 x 2 . 3 x

1 . 2 n c h

B.Boz .



1-3.

Name

of Parts

Swivel

Head

lnd ica t ine

Needle

Mobi l

D ia l

"H"

Poin ter

DIN lndex

Windcrw

Needle Lock Button

ASA Cont ro l

Knob

Shut ter

Accessories

Lum

sphere

i d e n t

L i g h t

S c a l e

EV

lndex

Window

Dia l Sca le

" L "

P o i n t e r

ASA

Index

Window

C i n e S c a l e

Aper ture Sca le

H I G H

S l i d e

Set

of

9

Direct

ReadingSl ides

These a re ava i l ab le

wi th the

f o l l ow ing

ASA indexesz

25,

40 ,

50, 64,

90 , 100 ,

160 ,

200

an d

400 .

No t e

:

Di rec t

Read ing

S l i des

and

other

accessor ies

for the

S e k o n i c S t u d i o D e l u x e

c a n

b e

purchased

f rom

our l oca l

dea .

Iers"

5

Lumisphere

L u m i d i s k

ero Ad jus tment

Lumigr id




L-4.

ln t roduc ing

the

Accessor ies

Lu

misphere

u s e d

o n l y

t o d e t e r m i n e

e x p o s u r e

by

i n c i d e n t

l i e h t ( i . e . ,

t h e

l i g h t

t h a t

f a l l s

on

a

s u b j e c t ) .

To i ns ta

l :

m

a tch the

wh te

do ts

on

the

pho tosphe re

a

nd

socke t , i nse r t

t he

Pho tosphe re ,

a

nd tu rn

i t

c l ock -

w ise

un t i l

i t

s t ops .

Reve rse

p rocedu re

to

remove .

Lumid i sk

U s e d t o o b t a i n b r i g h t n e s s i n f o o t - c an d l e s ( o r i n , , l u x "

i f

so

conve r ted )

a

nd

to

measu re

a

nd

con t ro l

con t ras t .

I n s t a l l

a s w i t h L u m i s p h e r e .

Lu

nn

gr id

Used to measu re

the re f ec ted

l i gh t

a

nd re la t i ve

b r i gh t -

ness o f a sub jec t .

ca

n a

so

be

used to

de te rm ne

ex -

p o s u r e

w h e n

a n

i n c i d e n t

l i g h t

m e a s u r e m e n t

c a n n o t

b e

t a k e n . I n s t a l l

a s

w i t h

L u m i s p h e r e .

o 'H lGH"

S [ [de

Used

w i th Lum isphe re

r Lum id iskou tdoo rs

r

in

b r igh t

p l a c e s

w h e n h e

n d i c a t i n g

e e d l e

m o v e sa b o v e1M

( o r

16

o n )

h e I n c i d e n t

i g h t

S c a

e .

I n s e r t h e H G H

S l i d e

n

the

s lo t

beh ind

he Lum isphe re

r

Lum id isk

o

conve r t

t h e

S e k o n i c

S t u d i o

D e l u x e o

h i g h

l l u m i n a t i o n

m e a s u r e -

n ren t .

The S l ide

se t t les

n

p lace

w i th

a c l i ck .

Di*"ectReadfrng

[ldes

U: ;ed

when

i t i s m o re

im po r tan t

t o ob ta in

one

qu ick ,

d i r e c t

e a d i n g

a t h e r h a n

a v a r i e t y f

l e n s o p e n i n g n d

shu t t e r

speedcom b ina t ions .

N ine

t ypes

a re

ava i lab le

w i t h

v a r i o u s

A S A

a n d D I N i n d e x e s .T o

u s e :

( 1 )

S e l e c t

t he

app rop r ia te

s l ide

fo r t he

pa r t i cu la r

f i lm

you

a re

us ing ;

(2 )

Se t

you r

cam era t o t he shu t t e r

speed

ind i -

ca tedon you r s l ide ; 3 ) I nse r t he s l ide n to you r Sekon ic

De luxe

m e te r

us t

as

you

wou ld t he H GH

Sl ide

(4 )

Po in t

he m e te r in t he

p rope r

d i rec t ion ;

(5 )

Read

he

n

u

m ber

on t he I

nc iden t

L igh t

Sca

e.

Th

s

i s

you r

p rope r

f /s top

read ing

(

6)

Set

your

ca

mera

to

the f /s top ,

a

nd

you ' re

ready for a

per fect

p ic tu re .

No te :

D i rec t

Read ing

Sf ides a re f o r

use w i t h

the

Lum isphe re

nd

Lum id isk .

They

can no t

be

used w i t h

the Lum ig r id .




2,

SpecialFeatures

of

the

Sekonic

Studio Deluxe

2-1.

Incident Light

Measure

In

the

past ,

convent iona l

exposure

meters

measured

i l lumina t ion

by re f lected

l igh t .

The

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe ,

deve loped

and

per fected

by

the

wor ld ' s lead ing

photographers, de termines i l lumina t ion by a more

accura te

method

- inc ident l igh t .

The

d i f f icu l ty

with the

re f lected igh t

method s

the

t ime

i t

takes

a

photographer

o ob ta in

a

successfu l

xposure .

Every

sub ject

combines areas

of

high and low

re f lec-

t ion ,

and

to ob ta in

a

proper

exposure

y re f lected

igh t ,

one

has to take

many

d i f fe ren t ead ings

and to

average

them

successfu l ly .

Th is

d i f f icu l ty is

overcome

wi th

the

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe .

l t is

des igned o

measure

sub jects

by

a stand-

ard re f lect ion

of

L8/ ' and to

determine l lumina t ion

by

inc ident

igh t . Th is standard re f lect ionassures per fect

tones in

b lack

and wh i te

photography

and

estab l ishes

a

po in t

o f re fe rence

rom wh ich

devia t ions

an

be made

for

special

effects.

2-2.

Lumisphere

The

Lumisphere

f the

Sekon ic

Stud ioDe luxe

determines

exposure

n

a revo lu t ionary

way.

Because

su ject s

usua l ly

hree-d imensiona l ,

t

p resents

a con t ras t

o f

l i gh t s

and shadows

wh ich

t rad i t i ona l

meters

are unab le

to measurewi thout

er ro r o r

d i f f icu l ty .

The Lumisphere ,

however , ece ives l l inc ident

igh t

ust

as the sub jectrece ives t . l t au tomat ica l lyass igns to

each

l igh t

sou rce t s

pho tog raph ic

a lue

depend ing

on

i ts

s t rength

and d i rect ion ,

and

averages hem

in to

one

correct

camera

set t ing .

2-3. Measur ing

l tuminat ion

(1 )

The

Lum id isk

s

used

to

m easu re i l l um ina t ion .

l t

can

be

pointed

d i rect ly a t

a

l igh t

source o

measure

i ts in tens i ty .

(2 )

The top

numbers

on

the lnc ident

Sca le nd ica te

oot

cand les,

( i .e . ,

the in tens i ty

o f l igh t

on a

cer ta in

spot . ) .

For example ; i f the ind ica t ing

need le

po in ts

Io 64 ,

the l igh t

in tens i ty

or

i l lumina t ion

on the

spot

is

64

foo t -cand les.

In oqder o

conver t oo t

cand les

in to Lux

un i t s

o f

i l l um ina t ion ,

m u l t ip l y he

num ber

o f

foo t cand les

by

10.76. For

example , i f

the ln -

c identSca le reads 64 (wh ich is 64 foo t cand les) he

correspond ing

ux

measurement

wi l l

be

688.64.

64x10.76:688.64

When the

HIGH

Sl ide

is

used, the Inc ident L igh t

Sca le

number must

be mul t ip l ied

by

32

to ob ta in

the Foot -Cand le

Number .

For

example ,

f

the Inc i -

dent

Sca le reads 64 ,

then

64

x32:2,O48

(foot'ca

ndles)

The

Stud io De luxe

ptays

an important

ro le

when

l igh t ing

in

a s tud io

must

be recorded

for

future

dup l ica t ion

and when cont rast must be cont ro l led .

2-4.

Direct.Reading

Method

With the

Direct -Read ing

l ides here

is

no

need to

fuss

wi th

the

Mobi l

d ia l .

The

proper

f /s top

can

be

found

d i rect ly

f rom

the ind ica t ing

needle.

Th is

i s

a

grea t

advantage

when

speed s

more important

than

obta in .

ing

a

complete

selection

of

f/stop

and

shutter

speed

com b ina t ions .

2,5. Intermediate

Values

(1 )

The top

numbers on

the Ind ica t ing

Sca le

are

foo t

cand le numbers from 4 to 1 M (1000) .

The red

numbers

d i rect ly

beneath

them

are

for

f /s tops.

The va lues

of the

unnumbered

d iv is ions

n

both sca les

are

found in

the

d iagram.

(2)

The

numbers on

the

Time

Sca le ind ica te

shut te r

speeds.

The

numberson

the

Aper tu re

Sca le nd ica te

f/stops.

Not ice he

mark

beneath

each

number

on

the

Time

Sca le and

above

each

nuntber

on the

Aper tu re

h



Sca le .

Every shu t te r

speed and

f /s top

ind ica ted on

the d ia l is a t

the exact

center o f

th is mark.

The

in te rm ed ia te

a lues ,

i . e . ,

he va lue of

t he un '

n

umbered

d iv is ions)

on these sca les

are

shown

below.

Foot -

c and/e

---a-

3"

How

to

Operate

The

lVleter

3-1.

Foreword

Read

care fu l ly

sect ions

3

and

4 to

learn

how to

opera te

you r

Sekon ic

S tud io

De ruxe .

com p le te

fam i r ia r i i y

w i l r

a l l ow

you

to

take

advan tage

f i t s

ve rsa t i l i t y

and

p ro -

fess iona l

accuracy.

3-2" Preparat ion

(1 )

I nse r t

Lum isphe re

Sect ion

1-4 .

(2 )

Tu rn

ASA

(o r

D tN)

index

o f t he

f i lm

window.

Every

ro l l

l ea f le t

nd ica t ing

ts

in to

socke t ,

as

exp la ined

n

exposu re

ndex

d ia

un t i l t he

you

a re

us ing

appea rs

in t he

of

f i lm

has i ts

own inst ruct ion

ASA

or

D IN

exposu re

ndex .

n te rmed ia te

Va lues or

Scale

f

/stops

:

In te rmed ia teVa lues

for

Sca le

f /s tops

Foot -Cand les

nd red

Shut te r Speeds

and

Inc iden t

Aper tu re

3-3.

Taking

the

Picture

(1 )

Po in t he Lum isphe re

rom

you r

cam era ,

on a l i ne

w i th

camera 's

ens.

(See

igure

of

the

sub ject

towards

the l igh t

ax is

of

your

next

page.)

/ E ?

O

Q l

I

tii

I

a

(s

\ e

2

-

1/.

/400

-Lao

1 0

1 1




(2 )

f the

same

l igh t

f

a l ls on

you

camera

as on

the

sub ject ,

he

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe

ca

n

be he ld

a t

the camera

posit ion,

d irected

away

rom

the subject .

(See

figure

below.)

Remember hat when l igh t on the camera posi t ion

dif fers f rom

that on the subject ,

(e.g. ,

the

camera

or subject

is

shaded by

trees

or bui ld ings)

your

Stud io

De luxeshou ld be he ld

on ly

a t

the sub ject .

Note

1 :

when

you

are

tak ing

p ic tu res

indoors

under

art i f ic ia l

ight ing,

t

is

necessary

o

place

your

meter

close

to

the

subject ,

?s indicated

in

3-3-(1),

because

he

quant i ty

o f l igh t

a t

the

sub ject

and

ca

mera

wi l l

d i f fer

signif ica

i ly .

Note

2 z

Since

the

Lumisphere

s

a

n ext remery

sensi t ive

o l igh t ,

you

m

ust be care f

u l

no t to

shade

i t w i t h you r hand when m easu r ing igh t . you

shou ld

ho ld the

meter

a t

a rm 's leng th ,

especia l ry

when

wearing

ight

or

br ig lr t ly colored

cloth ing.

3 -4 " Read ing the M e te r

(1 )

wh i le

the

Lum isphe re

s

he ld

fac ing

the

cam era ,

push

the

Need le

Lock

But ton

which

s

at

the

center

o f

t he

d ia l .

The

Ind ica t ing

Need le

w i l l

sw ing

and

rest

a t

the

cer ta in

po in t

on

the

tnc ident

L igh t (Foot

Cand le )

Sca le .

Remove

your

f inger

from

the

button

to

lock

the

needle.

Now

you

are

free

to

read

the

foot

candle

num ber

wh lch

the

need le

has ind ica ted .

L2

www orphancameras com



( 2 )

l f

unde r

b r i g h t l i g h t s t h e i n d i c a t i n g

n e e d l e m o v e s

p a s t

t h e

e n d

o f t h e

I n c i d e n t

L i g h t

S c a l e , u s e

t h e

H I G H

S l i d e .

T h i s s w i t c h e s

h e r a n g e

o f

t h e

S e k o n i c

S t u d i o D e l u x e

f r o m

l o w

t o

h i g h

i l l u m i n a t i o n .

W h e n

t h e H I G H

S l i d e

i s

u s e d ,

t u r n t h e d i a l

u n t i l

t h e r e d

" H "

m a r k

c o r r e s p o n d s

e x a c t l y

t o t h e

n u m b e r ( 4 t o 1 M ) i n d i c a t e d b y t h e n e e d l e .

W h e n

t h e

H I G H

S l i d e

i s

n o t

u s e d ,

t u r n t h e d i a l

u n t i l t h e w h i t e

" L "

m a r k

c o r r e s p o n d s e x a c t l y t o t h e

n u m b e r

( 4

t o I M ) i n d i c a t e d

b y t h e n e e d l e .

N o t e

: I n

o u t d o o r

p h o t o g r a

p h y

i t

i s

a d v i s ab l e

t o

i n s e r t

t h e

H I G H S l i d e

b e f o r e

a k i n g

m e a s u r e m e n t s .

O n

t h e

l o w e r

h a l f o f t h e

d i a l , a n d a d j a c e n t o

e a c h

o t h e r ,

y o u

w i l l

f i n d a l l t h e

c o m b i n a t i o n s o f s h u t t e r

s p e e d s

a

n d f

/ s t o p s

p o s s i b l e

f o r e a c h e x p o s u r e .

Y o u

may

s e t

y o u r

c a m e r a t o

a n y f l s t o p

and

s h u t t e r

speed

wh ich

a re

d i rec t l y ppos i t e

acho the ron

the

m e te r .

Fo r

exam p le , assum e

you

a re us ing

the

H I G H

S l i d ea n d a

f i l m w i t h

A S A

i n d e x 1 0 0 . T h e

needle

po in ts

to 64

on

t h e

I n c i d e n t

L i g h t

S c a

e .

S e t t h e r e d

' r H "

m a r k

t o

6 4

o n

t h e D i a l S c a l e .

Look

now

at the

Aper-

t u r e

a n d

T i m e

S c a l e s

be low.

Correc t

expo-

s u r e

r e a d i n g s

a re

71L25

a t f B , 1 / 3 0

a t

f 1 6 ,

a n d s o

o n .

I n c i d e n t

L i g h t

S c a l e

&

D i a l

S c a l e

D i a l

S c a l e

, , H ,

m a r k

" L "

m a r k

(3 1

F o o t C a n d l e s

Direc t

Read ing

/s tops

L 4

1 5




3-5.

ExposureMagni f icat ion

I

n

dexes

Not ice

he

sym bo ls

x t l2 , x2 ,

and

o f

the

t ' H "

and " L "

m arks

on

the

and

Reduct ion

x4 on

both s ides

Dia

Sca

e.

3-6. E.

V.

S.

Numbers

E .

V.

S . m eans

Exposu re

Va iue

( l i gh t

va lue . )

l t

i s a

num ber

sys tem

used occas iona l l y

o rep lace

he t rad i -

t ion

a

sh

ut ter speed

a

nd

f / s t o p

c o m b i n a t i o n s .

F o r

c a m e r a s

e q u i p p e d w i t h

a

n E .

V .

S . s c a

e ,

use

t h e

E . V . S . n u m b e r s f o u n d i n

the

wi

ndow

a bove a nd

s l i gh t l y

to

the l e f t

o f t he

D i a l

S c a l e .

W h e n t h e

d i a l

i s

s e t

a s

u s u a

,

the

p rope r

E .

V .

S .

n u m b e r w i l l

a p p e a r .

3-7.

Motion

Pictures

Measu re

t h e l i g h t

and

s e t t h e

d i a l a s i n s t r u c t e d .

C ine

speeds

ra

ng ing

f rom 8

to L28

stops

( f rames-per .

s e c o n d )

a r e

g i v e n

i n

t h e

r e d

C i n e

Sca

e .

F i n d t h e c i n e s p e e d u s e d b y y o u r c a m e r a and r e a d t h e

co r respond

ng

f

/ s top

on the

Ape r tu re

Sca

e .

Th i s i s

the

p rope r

f / s top

fo r

you r

camera .

N o t e

:

l f

t h e

c i n e

s p e e d

on

y o u r

m e t e r

f a

l s

m

d w a y

between

two

f / s tops,

set

the

Aper ture Sca

e

on

your

c a

m e r a

i r i

t he

sa me way .

The r e d

n u m b e r s o n

t h e

c i n e

S c a l e a r e

e q u i v a l e n t

t o

the

fo l l ow ing

shu t te r

speeds

on

you r

camera

:

These

are

used for magnifying and reducing

exposure.

xL l2

is

fo r reduc ing

exposure ime

by one-ha t f .

x2

is

fo r doub l ing

he

exposure .

x4

is

fo r

increas ing

t

four

t imes.

With

the H

G

H

Sl ide

n

the

meter ,

se t

the red

x L 1 2 ,

x 2 , o r

x 4

t o t h e D i a l

S c a l e , r a t h e r t h a n " H" .

Wi thou t

t he

H IGH

Sl ide ,

se t

he wh i t e

xL12 ,

x2 ,

o r

x4

to

the

Dia

Sca

e, ra ther

th a

n

"

L" .

These

ndexes

are

he lp fu l , o r

example ,

when

i l te rs

are

requ i red .

When

using

a

f i l te r w i th

a

n exposure ndex

of 2 ,

se t the red

or wh i te

x2 to the

Dia l

Sca le .

Wi th

an

exposure ndex

of 4 ,

se t

x4 to the

Dia l

Sca le .

Note :

The

in te rmed ia te

a lues

of

these

indexes

are

g iven

in the f igure

be low.

Though

they

are

not

marked

on

the scale i tself ,

you

can

use

them

effect ively

when

needed.

r \5X3

r1,*,

8 (stops)

1 6

24

I

l15

(second)

L l 3 0

r

5 0

1 6

Q',7,

I 7

www orphancameras com



M o s t

p o p u l a r

c i n e

cameras

use

1 6 f r a m e s ' p e r ' s e c o n d

w i th a

shu t te r

speed

of

1130 .

To

f i nd

the

p rope r

f / s top ,

r e a d t h e

n u m b e r

o n

t h e

A p e r t u r e

S c a l e

w h i c h c o r r e s '

p o n d s

t o

1 6

o n t h e

r e d C i n e

S c a l e .

(You ca n o f cou rse use o the r exposu res fo r spec ia e f

f

ects.

No te

1 :

Some

mov ie

ca

mera

s h

ave

sho r te r

exposu re

t i m e s .

F o r e x a m p l e

a

c a m e r a

w i t h

1 6 f r a m e s - p e r ' s e c o nd

ma y

have

a shu t te r

speed

of

L l40 -

In t he

ins t ruc t i on

book le t

o r ca ta

logue

th a t accom

pa

n ies

y o u r

c a m e r a

i s a

l i s t o f

t he

c a m e r a ' s

s h u t t e r

s p e e d s

a nd

co r respond ing

f

/ s tops .

S tudy

them

care f u l l y .

W h e n

y o u

k n o w

o n l y

t h e

a p e r t u r e

a n g l e

o f

a c i n e

cam e ra ,

compu te

the

shu t te r

speed

w i th

the fo l l ow ing

f o r m u l a :

W hen

: Sh

u t te r

a

Pe r tu re

a

ng le

:

Lq "

F ra

mes -pe r ' second

-

N

Shu t te r

speed

-T

T - 1 \ . / a

' -

N

' t

3 6 0

For exa

m

p le

:

W hen

the

a p e r t u r e

a n g l e

i s

L L Z B "

and

t h e r e

a r e

L 6

f ra

mes -pe r - second ,

hen

:

-r_

L

\.,

t28

1

' -

1 6

^

3 6 0

-

4 s

S ince

you r

me te r

does no t

i nd i ca te

a shu t te r

speed

o f

L | 4 5 ,

y o u

m u s t

j u d g e

the

p o i n t

w h i c h

i s m i d w a y

b e t w e e n

L

l3O

a nd

L l 6 0 .

D i r e c t l y

b e n e a t h

t h i s

m i d p o i n t

i s

t he

p rope r

f / s top

se t t i ng

fo r

you r

camera .

No te

2

z

The

s ta nd

a

d ca

mera

used

by

p ro fess ion

a

s

h

a s

a

sh u t te r

speed

of

1 / 50

wi th

24 f ra

mes-per 'second.

T h i s

s e t t i n g

i s

i n d i c a t e d b y

a

r e d

l i n e

b e n e a t h

t h e

24

on

t h e

C i n e

S c a

e .

4.

Correct Exposures

nder

Special

Gondit ions

4-1"

Fortrai ts

Fol low

he inst ruct ions

iven

n

sect ion3 ,

w i th

par t icu la r

at tent ion

to

3-3

(Note

1).

Because

of

i t s Lum isphe re

wh ich

uses

an inc iden t

l igh t system, the sekon ic stud io De luxe is idea l fo r

ta

k ing

por t ra

ts .

Deta

ls

a e

a ways

c lea

,

even

when

l igh ts

are

beh ind

he

sub ject .

32

64

L28

L

160

r

L25

L

25 O

T h e n :

t 8

1 9




4-2.

r "Shor t -d is tance 'o

Landseapes

When

photographing

cenes

hich

are re la t ive ly

ear ,

( t r e e s ,

b u i l d i n g s ,

e t c . ) ,

h o l d

L u m i s p h e r e

a s d i r e c t e d

i n

3 -3 .

W h e n

t h e

s u b j e c t

a n d c a m e r a

a r e

s t r u c k

w i t h d i f f e r e n t

quan t i t i es

o f l i gh t ,

move

to

whe re the

sub jec t ' s l i gh t i ng

cond

t i on

i s

rep rod

uced a

nd

po in t

t he Lu

m

sphe re

to -

w a r d s a n d o n a l i n e w i t h t h e l e n s a x i s o f y o u r c a m e r a .

W h e n on

y

t h e s u b j e c t

i s i n

s h

a d o w ,

e i t h e r m o v e t h e

L u m i s p h e r e

w i t h i n

t h e s h a d o w

o r s h a d e

t h e L u m i s p h e r e

w i t h

y o u r

h a n d .

;ft

4-3 .

D is tant

Landscapes

P h o t o g r a p h s

o f

d i s t a n t

l a n d s c a p e s

a r e

o f t e n

h a z y

a n d

o v e r - e x p o s e d

d u e

t o

t h e i n f l u e n c e s

o f t h e

s u n . F o r

g o o d ,

c l e a r

p h o t o g r a p h s

t a k e

o n e

r e a d i n g i n

t h e

n o r m a l

w a y

w i t h

t h e

L u m i s p h e r e

h e l d a t t h e

c a m e r a

p o s i t i o n ,

a w a y

f r o m

t h e

s c e n e

a

n d a

s e c o n d

r e a d i n g

w i t h t h e

L u m i s p h e r e

p o i n t e d

d i r e c t l y

a t t h e

s u n .

S e t

t h e

' r H "

o r

t ' L "

m a r k

h a l f w a y

b e t w e e n

t h e s e

t w o

r e a d i n g s .

N o t e

1 :

T h e

q u i c k e s t

a n d e a s i e s t

w a y

t o f i g u r e t h e

h a l f w a y

m a r k

i s t o

f i n d

t h e

m i d - v a l u e

o f t w o

f o o t c a n d l e

w h i c h

t h e

n e e d l e

has

ind i ca t ed .

Be

care f u l

t o no t e

t he co r rec t m id . va lues

o f

f oo t

cand les . For

examp le ,

be t ween

25o

a n d 6 4

f oo t -cand les

t h e

m i d - v a l u e

i s

r 2 5 . B e t w e e n

r 2 5

a n d 6 4

f o o t - c a n d t e s t h e

m i d ' v a l u e

i s

i n d i c a t e d

b y

a n u n n u m b e r e d

w h i t e

l i n e o n t h e D i a t

S c a l e .

A n o t h e r

m e t h o d

f o r

f i n d i n g t h e

h a l f w a y m a r k

i s t o s e t

t h e

d i a l

t o t h e t w o D i a l

s c a l e

n u m b e r s a n d

t o

n o t e t h e t w o

shu t t e r

speeds .

The

shu t t e r

speeds can t hen be

averaged and

a n

f / s t o p

o b t a i n e d .

N o t e

2 : P e o p l e

i n

a

l a n d s c a p e

m u s t

b e t r e a t e d

a s

p a r t

o f t h e

s c e n e r y .

T h e y

s h o u l d

n o t

b e ' r e a d ' i n d i v i d u a l l y

a s w i t h

por t ra

i t s .

20

2 7




4-4,

Snow

Scenes

(1)

Snow

pictures

taken

according

to ref lected

ight

measurement

f ten

a

l

beca se

he snow

m agn i f

es

and d is to r ts

he

read ing .

Th is

prob lem

does

not

ar ise , however ,

w i th Sekon ic ' s

nc ident

igh t

meter .

The

ref lect ion

actor

for

f resh snow

is 7O%.

l t is

60%

for

'c i ty '

or

o ld snow.

With

your

Sekonic

ou

compensate o r th is re f lect ionmathemat ica l lyand

therebyavo idmistakes.

You

ind

the shut te r

speed

by regu la r

nc iden t

igh t

m easu rem en t

nd

inc rease

i t

by

I /

4

2

or L/2.

For

example

When the

measured

shut te r speed s L lL25 a t f

16 ,

Then

L l L z s x t l 4

z

:

L l L 7 7

( L | Z O O )

r

l l L z s x L l 2

-

t l 2 5 O

Not e 1 :

Over -exposed

p ic t u res

lack c a r i t y .

l t

i s

t he re f o re

a d v i s a b l e ,

w h e n

a

c h o i c e

i s

p o s s i b l e ,

t o u s e t h e f a s t e r

s h u t t e r

s p e e d .

No t e

2 : The co r rec t i on

index o f

I /

' / Z - l / 2

i s based

on a s t and-

a rd re f

ec t i on f ac t o r

f o r

snow .

T

he index

w i l l va ry

s l i eh t l y

d e p e n d i n g

o n t h e n a t u r e

o f t h e s n o w

( c l e a n ,

d i r t y , e t c . ) , a n d

y o u

s h o u l d

c o n s i d e r

s u c h

v a r i a t i o n s

w h e n d e t e r m i n i n g

a c o r r e c t

sh u t t e r

speed .

No t e

3 : When

reg is t e r i ng

inc i .

d e n t

l i gh t ,

t he

sens i t i ve Lumis .

p h e r e

c a n n o t

h e l p b u t

p i c k

u p

some

of

the ex t ra

l i eh t

ref lec ted

f rom

t he su r f ace

o f t he

snow.

l t

i s t h e r e f o r e

a d v i s a b l e

t o

s h i e l d

t he

Lumisphere

f rom

t h i s

re f

ec t ed

l i eh t .

\ .

R e f e . r ' t e i J

i i i i r t

Sr tow aee

(2 )

When

tak ing

p ic tu res

under

a c louded sky, snow

ref lected

ight

measurement

wi l l

g ive

sat isfactory

resu l ts .

PlaceLumigr id n

the

socketo f the

Sekon ic

Studio Deluxe

a

nd direct i t

s l ight lydownward

rom

the

camera

posi t ion

o

the

sub ject .

The H

GH

Sl ide

canno t

be

used ,

bu t be su re

to

se t

t he

t ' H "

m a fk

to

the

D ia l

Sca le .

4 - 5 " S i d e a n d

B a e k - l i g h t e d

S e e n e s

"ffi

22

23




l n

p i c tu res

o f

s ide

o r

back - t i gh ted

scenes ,

the

f ron t o f

t he

sub jec t

may

appea r

too

da rk wh i l e

o the r

pa r t s

o f

the

photogra

ph

are

over -exposed.

Th is ,

o f

course, m

ay

be

your

des i red

ef fec t ;

bu t , i f

no t , take two

read ings,

one i n

the regu la r

way

w i th

the

Lum isphe re

d i rec ted

away

f rom

the

sub jec t ,

a

nd a

nother w i th

the Lumisphere

d i rec ted

towards

the

l igh t

source.

Use

a

set t ing m

dway

between these two rea d ngs, a s exp la ned in Sec. 4-3 .

(No te

1 ) .

4-6,

Si lhouetted

Scenes

To

si lhouette

objects

(persons,

t rees,

etc.)

against

a

br igh t

sky

or

sunset , r€move

the

Sl ide and

turn

the

Lumisphere

i rect ly

owards

the

sun,

(as

i f

you

were

using

a ref lected

ight

meter).

Se t t he

' rH "

m ark

to t he

need le

read ing ,

t hough

the

Sl ide

s

out .

De l ibera te

nder-exposures

necessary

o

record

the

source

of

l ight .

Objects in

the foreground

w i l l

be s i lhouet ted .

4-7*

Direct Reading

Method

Thereare

n ine

d i f fe ren t D i rect Read ing

Sl ides

ava i lab le

fo r

the

Sekon icStud io

De luxe . They m

ay be

used

wi th

the

Lumisphere

or

Lumid isk,

bu t no t

w i th

he

Lumigr id .

As

prev ious ly

xp la ined,he H GH

Sl idecan be

used

not

on ly

fo r

h igh

i l l um ina t ion

m easu rem en t

bu t

a lso

fo r

d i rect

read ings. The

n ine

Sl ides,however ,

a re

on ly fo r

d i rect read ings.

I

H G H

S l i d e

A S A L 0

( D

N 1 1 )

Direct

Read ing

Sl ides

Sh

utter Speed

r

r/5o

(1/60)

Ll30

(1125

Ll60

(1/50

l t ( r r

n

( r r

/ / ( n

l t ( n

L L25

1/

OO

Ll25O(L2Oo

n ( r r

ASA

25

n 4 0

//

50

//

64

n 8 0

//

10O

//

160

n 2O O

n

40 0

D I N 1 5

//

L7

//

18

u 1 9

//

20

/ /

2L

//

23

// 24

n 2 7

N o t e :

S h u t t e r s p e e d s

o n l y

a

g e n e r a l

s h u t t e r

Sca le "

sec t i on

o f 2 -4

u s e .

w i t h in

paren t heses

are f o r cameras

w i t h

s p e e d

s c a l e . S e e t h e

" D i r e c t

R e a d i n g

f o r d i r e c t i o n s

o n

p r o p e r

i n s t a l l a t i o n

a n d

24 2 5




Al though here

are

ten D i rect Read ing

Sl ides

( inc lud ing

the

H GH

Sl ide) ,

each

may be

used

wi th

d i f fe ren t lm

indexes

o obtain

a

variety of

shut ter

speeds.

For

ex-

ample ,

f i lm w i th

ASA

L00

use{

wi th

HIGH

Sl ide

(ASA

10)

requires

a

shutter speed of L/500.

The shutter

speed-with

which

you

must set

your

camera

for d i rect

ead ings-can

be ca lcu la ted

rom the

fo l low ing

f o r m u l a :

When

ASA

ndex

of a s l ide

Shut te r

speed

of

same s l ide

ASA

index

of

f i lm

used

Shut te r

speed

of

same

f i lm

Then

T'

:

A/A'x

T

ln the

example

above,

using

ASA

1OO

10

HIGH

Sl ide ,

you

ca lcu la te

10 /10oxL l5o -L /5oo

Wh

at

now

would

be

the

sh

utter speed

for

a f

lm

with

ASA 2OOwhen a sl ide of T L l6O with ASA 50 is used.

Answer

T ' _ 5 O l 2 O O x t l 6 O _

L l 2 4 O

In

other

words,

w i th

an

ASA 2OO

ilm

you

ma y

set

the

sh

utter speed

to I

l24O

and

use a

D

rect

Rea ng

Sl ide

of

ASA

5O-1

60.

: A

: T

: A '

: T '

f i lm w i th

an

ASA

5.

Special

Lighting

Gondit ions

5-1.

Foreword

For

genera l

photography,

or rect

exposure

ead ings

an

be

obta

ned

by

fol lowing

he

ir ist ruct ions

a

nd

exa

m

ples

in

Sect ions

3 a

nd

4. The

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe ,

how'

ever , s a prec is ion nst rument wh ich can be used to

obta

n specia

ef fects

u

nder

contro l led

condit ions.

Sec-

t ion

5 shou ld

be

stud ied

care f l l y

so

tha t

your

meter

can be used

to

i ts f

u l l

advantage.

(1 )

I nc iden t

L igh t

M easu rem en t .

Inc ident

igh t mea

surement

s the

most accura te ,

up-to-date

method

to

determine

exposure.

The

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe ,

wh ich h

as adopted

h is

method,

s w ide ly

used

by

pro fess iona l

ho togra-

phers

and

mot ion

p ic tu re

specia l is ts .

Un l ike

re '

f tected meters , t i s acc la imed by amateurs and

pro fess iona ls

l i ke

as

the

one meter

g iv ing

correct

exposu re

read ings

fo r

bo th

b lack -and ' wh i t e

nd

color

photogra

hy.

Flesh

tones

in

portra

ts

ar e

pa r t i cu la r l y

a tu ra l

w i t h t he Sekon ic

m e te r ,

ecause

i t rece ives

a

l inc ident

igh t

just

as

the sub ject

re '

ce ives

t , and

averages

he

l igh t

in to

one cor rect

exposure .

Th is

is a

grea t

advantage,

ES f

esh

tones

in co lo r

photography

are

the f i rs t

wh ich the

unt ra ined

eye

read i ly recogn izes

s e i ther

good

or

bad.

Standard

re f lect ion

o f L8% assures

per fect

tones, and estab l ishes a

po in t

o f

re fe rence rom

which devia t ions

can

be

made

for

spec ia l

e f fects .

( 2 )

The

Lu m

d sk

The

L u m i d i s k

i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e

i n

c l o s e ' u p s ,

t o

m e a s u r e

t h e

c o n t r a s t

r a t i o b e t w e e n

m

a

n

a nd f

l l -

i n l i g h t s . T h e

L u m i d i s k a l s o

m a k e s i t

p o s s i b l e

f o r

the

pho tog ra

phe r

to reco rd

h i s

l i gh t i ng

ra t i o

a

nd

d u p l i c a t e

i t

a t a n y

f u t u r e

t i m e .

26

27



5'2'

Light ing

Gontrast

Gontrol

( lndoors)

L igh t ing

ont rast

cont ro l

s

necess

ry n

order

o

measure

the

m a n

a

nd f

l l - in

igh ts

d i rected

at

a

sub ject .

when

the

in tens i ty

of

these

l igh ts

s

known,

he

photographer

can

change

and

cont ro l

the

ra t io

be tween

them fo r

whatever

e f fects

he

wishes

o

ach ieve .

He

can a lso

dup l i ca te

h is

l i gh t ing

con t ras t

a t

som e

fu tu re

t im e .

To m easu recon t ras t :

(1 )

Rep lace

um isphe re

w i th

Lum id isk

(2)

Switch

on

on

y

the

m

a

n

(key)

t ight

(3 )

From

he

sub jectpos i t ion

o in l ' the

Lumid isk

d i rec i ly

a t

t he

m a in

l ign t ,

a

nd

read

ou t

the

foo t -ca

d les

registered

on

the

meter.

(4 )

Turn

on

the

f i l l - in

r igh ts ,

ancJ

po in t

the

Lumid isk

d i rect ly

a t

them

from

the

sub ject pos i t ion .

when

m easu r ing

he

f i l l - i n

igh t s ,

be

su re

to

shade

he

Lum id isk

rom

the

m a in

l igh t .

(5 )

D iv ide

the

in tens i t y

f

t h ;

m a in t i gh t

by

tha t o f

t he

f i l l - i n

l i gh t s

to

f inc l

he

con t ras t

ra t io

( l i gh t

ba lance ) .

Exa

m

ple

T h e

m a i n

l i g h t

r e a d s

5 00

Fi l l . in

igh ts

read

ZSO

Ligh t ing

cont rast

ra t io

-

49

-

Zo,

Z to 1

250

1

1",'

(6 )

l f

the

l igh t ing

cont rast

ra t io

i s

no t as

desi red , he

f

l l - in

igh ts

m

ust

be

read justed .

(7 )

when

the

p rope r

a t io

i s

found ,

he

Lum id is l<

a

n

be

rep laced

by

the

Lum isphe re .

ow

he

exposu re

can

be

de te rm ined

n

the

usua l

way .

No te : I n a fu l l y ' equ ipped tud io i t i s sugges ted

tha t

fo r

the

best

resu l ts

you

keep

he

l igh t i ;a

con-

t rast

ra t io

be tween

Z

to

1 and

4

to

1.

5-3.

Outdoor Gontrast

Gontrol

L igh t i r r g

ca

n

be measu red

a nd con t ro l l ed

ou tdoo rs

w i th

t h e

s a m e

p r e c i s i o n

a s i n

a

s t u d i o .

The

p r o c e d u r e

i s

a

m o s t

e x a c t l y

t h e

s a m e .

W h i te

or

s i l ve r - f

ced re f l ec to rs

a re

used to

b r i gh ten those

s i d e s

o f

a

s u b j e c t

w h i c h

a r e

i n

s h a d o w .

p l a c e

t h e

L u m i d i s k

i n

t h e

m e t e r

a n d t a k e

a r e a d i n g

w h e n i t

i s

d i r e c t e d t o w a r d s t h e s u n . Now t a k e a n o t h e r r e a d i n g

w i t h

the

L u m i d i s k

t u r n e d

t o w a r d s

t h e

r e f t e c t o r s ,

m a k i n g

c e r t a n

t o s h i e l d

t h e L u m i d i s k

w i t h

y o u r

ha

nd

f r o m

t h e

d i r e c t

r a y s

o f t h e

s u n . Y o u

n o w

k n o w

t h e i n t e n s i t y

o f

b o t h

l i g h t s

a n d c a n

c o n t r o l

t h e i r

r a t i o

b y r e a r r a n g i n g

the

re f l ec to rs .

Fo r

bes t

resu l t s

i n

co lo r

pho tog raphy ,

t h e f i l l - i n l i g h t

s h o u l d

b e f r o m

L l z

t o

L l 4

t h a t

o f

t h e

m

a

n l i g h t .

D r a m a t i c

b l a c k

a n d

w l r i t e

e f f e c t s

can

be

a c h i e v e d

by

u s i n g a

h i g h e r

r a t i o ,

s u c h

as

h a v i n g

t h e

r e f l e c t e d

i g h t s

as

f t t l e

a s L I L G

the

s u n l i g h t

i n t e n s i t y .

Note : when the need le moves outs ide he sca le (because of

br igh t l ieh t ) use the

HIGH

Sl ide.

To

obta in

foot -cand les

l ieh t

i n tens i t y )

w i t h

the

H IGH

St ide ,

he

number

ind i ca ted

by

ine

needfe

must be mul t ip l ied

by

32,

(as

exp la ined

n 2-3) .

Th e

l ieh t ing

cont ras t ra t io

can be

obta ined

ead i ly

by

comput ing

he

re la t ive

ntens i ty o f

the

main

l ieh t

and

the

f i l l - in

igh ts ,

as

ex.

p la ined

n

5 -2 ) .

whe,n he

proper

ra t io

has

been

obta ined,

ep lace

he

Lumid isk

w i th

the Lum isphe re

nd

de te rm ine

he

exposu re

s

usua t .

Be

su re t ha t a l l t he

l i gh t

f r om

the

sun

and

re f

ec to rs

fa l l s

upon

t h e

L u m i s p h e r e .

28

29




Expusure

de te rm ina t ion

1 6

1

1 .

5-4" Ref lected

Light

Readings

The

S e k o n i c

S t u d i o

D e l u x e

a l l ows

one

to

read ex '

posu res

no t

on l y by

i t s

s p e c i a

i n c i d e n t

l i g h t s y s '

t em bu t

a

so

by

the re '

f lec ted l igh t sys tem of fered

by sta

nd a

rd

meters .

The

L u m i g r i d

i s

u s e d

t o

t a k e

these

re f

ec ted

l i gh t r ead '

I

ngs .

W h e n u s i n g t h e L u m i g r i d

i t

i s

n e c e s s a r y

o

r e m e m b e r :

( 1 )

T h e L u m i g r i d

s h o u l d

be

p o i n t e d

t o w a r d s

t he

su

b jec t f rom 4 to

6

inches away.

(2 )

No s l i des

ca n be used .

( 3 )

The

n u m b e r s

i n d i c a t e d

o n t h e

I n c i d e n t

L i g h t

Sca

e

do not represent

foot -ca

nd les .

(They

represent

foot -ca

nd

es on

y

wi th

the Lu

m

sphere

o r L u

m

d

s k . )

The

I n c i d e n t

L i g h t

S c a

e i n

th s

case

i s

on l y an

index

used fo r f i nd ing the

p rope r

shut ter speed or f /s top.

(4 )

A l l

i nd i ca t i ons m

us t

be

se t

to

a

nd

read

a t t he

' r H "

m a r k .

You w i l l no t i ce tha t r e f l ec ted l i gh t measu remen t

w i t h

t h e

L u m i g r i d

i s

p o s s i b l e

o n l y w h e n

t h e

i n -

tens i ty o f

the

inc ident l igh t

exceeds L25

foot -

ca

n d l e s .

M

d-po in t

o f b r i gh tness

ra

nge

R e f l e c t e d l i g h t m e a s u r e m e nt

i s

t a k e n

t o d e t e r m i n e

the

b r i gh tness

o f

the sub jec t . The

b r i gh tness

de -

pends

o n t h e

i n t e n s i t y

o f t h e

i n c i d e n t l i g h t

a n d

on

the re f l ec t i on o f t he sub jec t .

I nc iden t

l i gh t

measu re -

K e e p i n g

t h e m a i n

l i g h t

c o n s t a n t ,

a r y -

i n g

t h e f i l l . i n

l i g h t

c h a n g e s

h e c o n t r a s t

ra t i o

o f

t he l i gh t i ng

L : 1

8 : 1

30

2 .

31



m en t i s

a m e thod

of

de te rm in ing

exposu re

by

m easu r ing nc iden t

igh t ,

assum ing

ha t

i l r e sub jec t

re f fects

18%

of i t s inc ident

igh t .

The

ef fect ive oo t -cand les

measured

by the

Lumis-

phere

o

determine

he

correct

exposure ,

e te rnr ines

the

m id -po in t

f

b r igh tness .

E x a m p l e :

A s s u m e

t h a t

b y r e g u l a r

m e a s u r e m e n t

w i t h the Lum isphe rew i thou t he S l ide , t he need le

ind ica tes

5OO foo t -ca d les . Wi th

a

f

lm

index

o f

ASA

10,

the cor rect

exposure

is

midway

between

F lL

and

F16 ,

w i t h

a shu t t e r

speed

o f

one

second .

When

he

"L"

m

ark

is se t

to

500,

t l re

"

H m

ark

po in t s o 16 . Th is

16

i s

t h e

m i d ' p o i n t

o f

b r igh tness

ra

nge.

T h i s

m e an s

tha t

i f

a

s tanda rd

18%

re '

f lec to r

is measured

wi th the Lum gr id

u n d e r

h e

s a

m e c o n -

d i t i ons ,

t he need le

w i l l

po in t

t o

16 .

ln

de te rm in ing

ex-

posure w i th

t i rc

L u m i s p h e r e

r

L u m i -

g r i d ,

t h e

r ' H "

m a r k

a lways

nd ica tes

he

cen te r

o f t he

b r igh tness

a

nge ,

r e g a r d l e s s

f w h e t h e r

t h e , ' H ' ,

o r

, . L , ,

m a r k

w a s

used

n de termin ing

he

correct

exposure .

f

t h e

" H "

m a r k

i s

o f f

s c a l e

w h e n

t h e

. . L , ,

m a r k

is

se t

to the need le ,

he

l igh t

leve l

i s

so low

th

a t

no

u s a b l e

e a d i n g

a

n

b e o b t a i n e d

w i t h t h e

L u m i -

gr id .

In o ther words,

re f ected

l igh t

measurement

w i t h

the

Lum ig r id i s

poss ib le

n ly

when

the

in ten -

s i t y

o f

inc ident

igh t

exceeds

25

foo t -ca

d les.

There

are

th ree reasons

or

choosing

the

use

of

re f

ected

igh t

mea

urement

a ,

To

determ

ne the

br igh tness

a

nge

of

a su

b ject .

4.

b . To

photograph

l lumina ted

ub jects

uch as

neon

sign .

c. To

photograph

subjects when

you

are unable

to

measure

he inc ident igh t

(F igures

n

show

win-

dows,

etc.).

To

determine

he

br igh tness ange, nsta l l

he Lumi-

gr id

and d i rect i t

about

6 inches

rom

var ious

areas

of the subject . Be carefu l that neither you nor the

meter

cast

a shadow

on

the area be ing ead

(a

6"

d iameter

c i rc le ) .

Note the var ious nd ica t ions

n

the

foo t -cand le

sca le ,

wh ich

is

a conven ien t sca le

for

determ

n ng

ra

nge.

Novr

d iv ide

he h ighest

oo t

cand le

read ing

by the

lowest

o

obtain

he

brightness ange

of the subjec t .

For

example

if

the brightest area

reads

64,

a

nd the

lowest

4,

then

:

Range

_

t o l

To determine

he

range l imits for

good

color

photo-

g raphs ,

o l low hese ru les :

(a)

None

of the objects

n

a scene

should be

more

than

four t imes br igh te r

or four

t imes

darker

than the mid-po in t

o f the

br igh tness

range.

ln

o ther words

he

foo t

ca

nd le

a

nge

shou ld

not

6 4

. ?

4 - r o

3 .

32

5 .

33




exceed

6

to

1 . l f ,

o r

exam p le ,

he

m id -po in t s

16

and the

lowes t

a rea

reads

4 , t he

h ighes t

s l ' :ou ldnot

exceed

64.

(4x

16:64)

l f

any a rea o f the sub ject s

too br igh t to f i t

w i t h in h is 16 t o I range ,

i t s

co lo rw i l l appea r

washed-out . There fo re

h is

area

shou ld be

shaCed o reduce he i n tens i ty

of

l igh t

upon

t.

l f

any a rea

of

the sub ject s

too dark to

f i t

w i t h in

th is range ,

more l ight must

be

concent ra ted on

i t

to assure

proper

co lo r ing .

(d )

On the

Sekon ic

Stud io

De luxe two

f / s tops on e i ther

s ide

o f t he m id -po in t

l im i t t he no rm

br igh tness ange or

co lo r .

M i d - p o i n t

f

B r i g h t n e s s

R a n g e

E x p o s u r e

n d i c a t i o n

w i t h

Lum

s p h e r e

(b)

(c )

6.

Spec ia l

Uses

o r Lum ig r id

When

ak ing

pho tog raphs

f

i l l um ina ted ub jec t s

r

o f

sub jec t s o r

wh ich an

inc iden t

igh t

read ing

can -

no t

be m ade ,

he Lum ig r id

shou ld be

used

n

p lace

of the

Lumisphere .

See

5-4-1 fo r

genera l

inst ruc-

t ions , and

s tudy t he

p ic tu res

above . )

34

35



5-5. Modern

Light ing

Contro l

The

Sekonic

studio Detuxe

a lows

f

ul l . l ight ing

contro l

and

is

therefore

the

most

eff icient

and

accurale

meter

for

indoor

movies.

Here

6re the

steps

recommended

o

arrange

a

studio

or

a

mot ion

picture

scene.

The

sa

me

general

procedure

may

be

fol lowed

or

st i l l

photography.

Requ i red

igh t ing :

F i lm Index ASA 16 (D tN 13 )

Lens

Diaphragm

t12.8

Shutter

Speed

LISO

second

Fra

mes

Z$-per-second

Step

1 -

F ind ing

gene ra l

igh t

in tens i t y

(a)

Set

Sekonic

Studio

Detuxe

o

ASA L6

(b)

Br ing

the

red

24

on

meter ' s

c ine

Scate n

l ine

with

t

12.8

on

the

Aperture

Sca

e

(c)

Locate

the

"L"

m ark.

The

corresponding

oot-

ca

nd le

read ing

shou ld

be s l igh i ly

over

5oo.

(650

foot-ca

n

dles

a

e

req

u

red

for

these

spe-

c i f ied cond i t ions) .

S tep

2 -Se t t ing

the key

(o r

m a in )

l i gh t

(a )

Swi tch

on

main

l igh t

and

d i rect

i t

as des i red

towards the subject .

(b)

Hold

he

meter

at

the

subject

posit ion

and

point

the

Lu

m

shere

at

the lens

o f

the

camera .

Do

not

use

a sl ide.

press

the

needre

ock

button

unt i l Step 3 .

(c)

Increase

or

decrease

he

in tens i ty

o f

the

main

l igh t

un t i l

the ind ica t ing

need le

po in ts

o

5oo.

(The

f i l l - in

igh ts ,

when

added,

w i l r ncrease

he

foo t -cand le

umber

to

the

requ i red

650. )

Step 3

"

Ad just ing

igh t ingcont rast

(a )

Rep lace

Lum isphe re

w i th Lum id isk .

(b )

Measure ntens i ty

f key

igh t . l t

shou ldmeasure

5OO

oot-ca

dles.

(c)

Switch

on

f i l l - in

l ights.

(d )

Ad just

he f i l l - in igh ts

or

proper

l igh t ing

con-

t rast

as exp la ined

n

5-2 . Back

igh tsw i l l

have

a negl ig ib leef ect on th s rat io.

Not e : For a 2 t o 1

ra t i o , f l l - i n l i gh t s

shou ld

reg i s t o r

an

in t ens i t y

o f 250 .

Step

4

-

Ad

ust ing

br igh tness a

nge

(a )

Rep lace um id isk

w i t h

Lum isphe re

(b)

Take

a foo t -cand le

ead ingwi th the Lumisphere

at subject

posit ion pointed

owards he

cam era.

The

read ing shou ld be

650

now

with

a l l

the

l igh ts on. l f

no t ,

vary

the

key

l igh t in tens i ty

un t i l

i t

does . Th is

shou ld equ i rea m in im um

of

a

d justment .

( c )

Turn

t tL "

mark to

650

foo t -cand les

and

read

out

the foo t -cand le

number cor respond ing

o

the

"H"

mark.

(See

5-4-2

for

explanat ion).

l t

w i l l read 20 , wh ich

is

the

mid-po in t

r igh tness

of

the subject .

Since a br ightness

ange of L6

to L

gives

he

best

results,

no

object should be

br igh ter

han 80

foo t -cand les

4x

the

mid-po in t

20)

or darker

than 5

(I l4

of

2O).

(d )

Rep laceLumisphere

wi th Lumigr id . Measure

l igh t

and dark a reas o f the sub ject o

be sure

none

of them is

br ighter th a

n

80 or

darker

t h a n 5 .

Step 5 - F ind ingcorrect exposure

(a)

The

read ing

obta , inedwi th the Lumisphere n

Step

4

(b) 'should

now

be complete ly

accurate.

I t

shou

d te l l

you

to

se t

your

ca

mera

at

t

12 .8

a t I l50 second.

36

37




5-6. Close-ups

(1 )

Whenever

he

sub ject s

c loser

o the

camera than

ten t imes

the

foca l leng th

of the

camera lens,

he

exposure

ind ica ted

on the

Sekon ic

Stud io De luxe

m us t be inc reased .

Fo r

exam p le ,

a cam era

us ing

a

50

mm

lens must

increase

ts

exposure ime

for

any ob ject

c loser han

50O

mm.

Th is is becausea sub ject s increas ing lymagn i f ied

as i t

app roaches

he

lens

o f t he

cam era .

When

l igh t

f rom

the sub ject s

focused n to

an image

on

the

f i lm

through

the lens,

the fo l low ing

re ta t ion

ex is t s

be tween

i l l um ina t ion

on

the

f

lm ' s

face ,

br igh tness

of the

sub ject ,

and

magn i f ica t ion

f

the

sub ject .

W h e r e :

E

:

i l l u m i n a t i o n

f

f i l m

f a c e

L

:

br igh tness

of sub ject

M:

fn?gn i f i ca t ion

f

sub jec t

F

:

F

n u m b e r

r :

c i r cu la r

cons tan t

a

:

COnStan t

-

a . r L

1

4 'F2

(M

+

1)3

From th is fo rmu la

i t

w i l l

be seen that

when

there

i s

a

change

in

m agn i f i ca t ion ,

he

b r igh tness

i l -

l um ina t ion )

o f t he f i lm

face

changes

in inve rse

proportion

to

(M

*

t;2.

I n o the rwo rds ,

when

M is

sm a l l ,o r

when he

d is tance

f rom the

camera

to sub ject

s

grea t ,

the

e f fect on

the exposu re s

m in im a l .

However,as the distance from subject to object

decreases,

M

increases.

(M+1) ,

is

ca l led

he cor -

rect ion ndex fo r

c lose-ups.

See

3)

or

de termin ing

the va lue

o f M .

(2 )

Measur ing he

Inc ident

L igh t

(a)

Hold the

Sekonicmeter

as close o

the subject

as

poss ib le

and

po in t

the Lumisphere

owards

the

cam era

lens .

(3)

(b )

l f the

main

or f i l l - in

l igh ts

are

very

near

the

sub ject ,

he sub ject

shou ld

be removed

and

the

Lumisphere

he ld

in

the exact

spot

the

sub ject

w i l l

occupy.

The

l igh t s t r ik ing

the

sub jec t

w i l l

t hen be

the sam e

as t ha t

s t r i k ing

the

Lumisphere .

Exposure

correct ions

or

c lose-ups

(a) F i rs tdetermine xposure ' ,asxp la inedn 5-6-2 .

(b )

Measure

he

size

o f the

ob ject ,and

of

i ts mage

in t he

lens .

D iv ide

he

la rge r d im ens ion

n to t he sm a l le r .

You w i l l

thus

obta in

the magn i f ica t ion

( i f

the

image

is

la rger

than the

sub ject )

o r reduct ion

( i f

im age

s sm a l le r

han

the sub jec t ) .

Find

the

proper

correction

actor from

the

chart

on the

fo l low ing

page.

Mul t ip ly

h is cor rect ion

actor by

the exposure

t ime

ind ica ted

on

Your

meter.

(c)

(d )

(e)

: -#>.L-" .

. r t : r i , .



2 0 :

1 9 :

1 8 :

t 7 :

t 6 :

t 5 :

1 4 :

1 3 :

1 2 :

l l :

l 0 :

9 :

8 :

7 :

6 :

5 :

4.5

:

4 :

3.5

:

3 :

2.75

:

2.5 :

' t ) \ .

2 :

1.75

1.5

:

1.25

1 :

*M;i.

4*4.e. .

Q

r . i .

4L

Reduct ion

I

fv f gn i f ica t ion

Ratio

of

Object

Correction

Rutio

of Object

Corre"t ion

l n l m a ^ ^ l E ^ ^ + ^ - r ^ l - ^ - - r - - t - - -

TABLE1: Exposure

orrection

or

Closeups

(Correction

actor

s

(M*l)z

where

M is

the

magnifi.

cat ion.)

5-7.

Sunl ight-Flash

Photography

The s imp lestand

qu ickest

methodof

accura te ly ba lanc-

ing

sun l igh t

w i t h

lash

s

o f f e red y

Sekon ic t ud io

De luxe .

Fo r he

f i r s t

t im e the sam e

bas icm e thod f l i gh tba lance

used by

pro fess iona l

tud io

photographers

s

app l ied

o

f lash

photography.

Th is method, the

most e f f ic ien t

et

dev ised ,accura te ly

cont ro ls con t rasts be tween

br i l l ian t

l i gh t and da rk shadows .

1 . De te rm ine

he in tens i t y

o f t he sun l igh tby

d i rec t ing

Lumisphere

rom the subject

pos i t ion

owards

the

sun .

Fo r exam p le ,

shou ld ead ingd i rec ted

owards

the sun

w i th

he

H IGHSl ide

nd ica te O0

oo t -cand les .

the

effective foot-candle

number

is 640O

(2OOx32).

2 .

Se lec ta

m a in t o f i l l - i n igh t

ra t io .

A

popu la r

one

i s

4 t o 1 ,

( i . e . ,

he f i l l - i n igh t

t o

have L l4 l igh t i n -

t ens i t yo f

t he

m a in

l igh t ) .

Wi th 6400

ef fect ive oo t -cand les, sed

n the

example

above,

the f i l l - ins

shou ld reg is te r

16O0

(640O+4)

foo t -ca d les.

3 .

Look

down the le f t

co lum no f t he f l ashbu tb

ha r t on

page

42-45.

Locate

160O. Read

across

to

learn

the

d is tance

he f lash

must be

he ld

rom the

sub ject

f o r

spec i fed

f

ashbu lbs

and shu t t e r speeds .

Fo r

a

Press

25 used

at

a shut te r speed

of L /1OO,

he

f lash

lamp

must

be

he ld22 712 oo t

f rom the

sub ject

fo r

the

proper

4 to L sun- to- f lash

at io .

4 .

Cam era

se t t ingsm ay

be

ob ta ined

y

us ing he l i gh t

v a l u e

o u n d

n

( 1 ) .

to lmage i Factor to lmage

-

Factor

t . t 0

t . 1 l

1 . 1 I

r . t 2

1 . 1 3

1 . 1 4

1 . 1 5

1 . 1 6

1 . 1 7

l . t 9

t . 2 l

1.24

1.27

1 .31

1.36

1.44

1.50

1.56

1.65

1.78

1.86

r .96

2.09

2.25

2.47

2.78

3.24

4.00

'

: l

:

1 .25

: 1 . 5 0

: 1.75

. 1

: 2.25

: 2.5

:

2.75

: 3

: 3. 5

: 4

:

4 .5

: 5

: 6

: 7

: 8

: 9

: 1 0

: 1 1

: 1 2

: 1 3

: 1 4

: 1 5

: 1 6

: 1 7

: 1 8

: 1 9

: 2 0

4

5

6

t .>

9

10.5

l 2

t 4

t 6

20

25

30

36

49

64

8 t

100

121

t44

169

196

225

2s6

289

324

36 1

400

44r




TABLE

2:

Dis tanceof f lash

lamps f rom sub ject o r

cor -

rect f i l l - in

ra t ios

(Un i t :

Foot )

Note: The intens i ty of

l i gh t

of one

lamp at any d is tance

g iven

i n t h e t a b l e c a n

b e d u p l i c a t e d

b y

u s i n g ( a )

2 l a m p s a t

1 . 4 t i m e s

t h e

d i s t a n c e ,

( b )

3 l a m p s a t

I 3 / 4

t i m e s

t h e

d i s t a n c e ,

o r

( c )

4

l a m p s

a t t w i c e

t h e d i s t a n c e .

--la-6oo

13,000

10,000

9,000

6,500

5,000

4,000

3,200

2,500

2,000

1,600

1 .300

1,000

80 0

650

s00

1/100sec.

&

over

t7%

te%

22

25

28

3 t %

35

39

44

50

56

62%

70

79

88

l 2 l g . s o

I

vzsr.r.

/b0sec.

l4?::.r.

zrrur.

zuo..r.

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8

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l r r% l r z% l ro

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1 0

1 2 % l t 4

l r t % t t 6

t l t %

1 4

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I

t 2 % l

1 6

I

l 8

|

r u

2 0 "

1 4

|

r S

l z 0 |

r 0

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1 6

|

z o

l z z % |

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l z s ' -

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1 2 2 % l 2 s l 2 0 l z s

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3 6

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T A B L E :

tg,ggg-1:l-2,, tTI 2".

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t/T0Gec.:

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3

3%

6 , 0 0 0 4

l 5

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3

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4 % l s %

6 % ' 5 % t 7

8

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0 , 0 0 0

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I r t %

1 2 %

s %

4 , o o o 8 1 0 l l t % t l 0 t 1 2 % 1 4 | 6 %

3,200 9

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12% r r% t4

16

I

7

2 ,500

I0 t L t /

1

14 , , 12%

16

18

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I0

i

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114

12% 16

18

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7%

2 ,ooo l t% 14

I

16

i t 4

18

20

|

8%

, ooo t t% t4

I

16

t t4

18

20

|

8%

1,600 12% 16

18

I

16 20 22%

|

9%

1,300

14

I

18

120

18

122% zs |

1 l

r ,ooo 16

20

122% 20

tzs

lzs I

t2%

s00 18

122%

2s

122%

28

132 1

13%

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20

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500

|

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128

132 128

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6.

Taking

Care

of

Your

$ekonic

Studio

Detuxe

6-1

Tero Set t ing

Hold

he

meter

upr ight

nd

cover

he Lumisphere

i th

t h e

p a l m

o f

y o u r

h a n d

s o a s

t o s h u t o u t

a l l

t h e

l i g h t .

T h e i n d i c a t i n g

n e e d l e

s h o u l d

p o i n t

t o z e r o . l f t h e

ne -

ed le is s l igh t ly o f f , reset the need le to zero by s lowly

tu rn ing

w i th a co in

o r

pe r fo ra ted

s l i de

the sc rew

on

t h e

m e t e r ' s

n a m e p l a t e ,

o n t h e b a c k o f t h e m e t e r .

6 - 2 .

S i i d e

S Io t

U n d e r

v e r y

b r i g h t l i g h t i n g

c o n d i t i o n s

w h e n

t h e

s e k o n i c

m e t e r

i s

u s e d

w i t h o u t

a s l i d e ,

a

l i t t t e

l i g h t

may

e n t e r

th rough

t l r e

s l i de

s lo t .

Th i s

se ldom

e f fec t s

exposu re ,

bu t

fo r

t he

sake

of

h ighe r

f i de l i t y

i t i s

bes t

to shade

t h i s

s l o t w i t h

y o u r

h a n d .

6 - 3 .

O t h e r

P r e c a u t i o n s

You r

Sekon ic

s tud io

De luxe

s

a

h igh ly

accu ra te

a

nd

de f ca te

e lec t r i ca l

ns t rum en t .

Wi th

o rd ina ry

ca re

and

hand l ing ,

horr . rever ,

t

w i l l

g ive

long

re l iab te

serv ice .

Na tu ra l l y ,

t

shou ldn ' t

be opened

o r

taken

apa r t ,

and

s ince

t

isn ' t

shockproo f ,

he meter

shou ldn ' t

be d ropped

o r rough ly

hand led .

l t i s

im po r tan t

o

keep

he

Lum i -

sphe re

c lea

.

S l igh t sc ra t ches

n t he Lum isphe re

re

no t ha rm fu l

excep t ha t

t hey

co l lec t

d i r t

and

the re fo re

rn

ay s l ieh t ly

reduce l igh t

t ra

nsmiss ion

a

nd e f fect he

m e te r ' s

accu racy .

The

Lum isphe re

hou ld

be washed

lv i th

soap

and lukewarnr

water .

l t

may

ye l low

sl igh t ly

w i th ?g€,

bu t

th is

h

as

no e f ect on the

meter ' s

exposure

read ing .

The

H

GH

Sl ide m ay

be

ben t convex ly

o ha t

i t

w i l l f i t

the

meter t igh t ly .

Pro tect

our

Sekon icStud io

De luxe

rom ex t rem e

hea t

o r

hum id i t y .

Avo id keep ing

i t i n

yoL r r

a r ' s g love com par tm en t when the wea the r

i s

ho t .

6 -4 "

Se rv lce

Shou ld

you r

Sekon ic m e te r

requ i re

epa

r ,

re tu rn

t

t o

one

o f t he

o f f i c ia l

Sekon ic

Se rv ice

Sta t ions .

Fo r sh ip -

p ing ,

t shou ld be

packed

n

a co r ruga ted

ox w i th i t s

own

case a

nd

w i th

exce ls io r .

46

posemètre sekonic l-28c2

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