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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
January 2014
Young-Hoon Kim, ETRISlide 1
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: LnL Communications: Device Pairing Technology for Generation ZDate Submitted: 13 January, 2014Source: Young-Hoon Kim, Byung-Jae Kwak, Seung Chan Bang, Soochang Kim, Seon-Ae Kim, Moon-Sik Lee, Jae-Ho Lee, Hyung-Seok Lee, Cheol Ryu (Affiliation: ETRI, Korea)Address: 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700, KoreaVoice: +82-42-860-1237, FAX: +82-42-860-6732, E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]: []
Abstract: D2D Communications is one of the key technologies of the future wireless communications. This contribution introduces LnL (Look-and-Link) Communications, a novel device pairing technology for D2D communications. LnL Communications aims to bring convenience to the users of D2D Communications.
Purpose: DiscussionNotice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications:Device Pairing Technology for
Generation Z
January 2014
Young-Hoon Kim, ETRISlide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
Contents• Introduction• D2D Communications• LnL Communications• LnL Communications: Demo• Discussion
January 2014
Young-Hoon Kim, ETRISlide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
Introduction• LnL Communications
– Stands for: Look-and-Link Communications– Device pairing technology
• Goal: Bring convenience to D2D Communications• Features
– Intuitive device pairing1. You see a peer you want to communicate with2. You point your device at the peer, and tap the screen3. A link between you and the peer is established
– You do not need to know the Peer ID– Link establishment in a few seconds (as opposed to almost
a minute with Bluetooth)
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
D2D Communications (●○)• One of the key technologies of the future
wireless communications• Rise of D2D Communications
– Advent of powerful mobile devices (e.g., smart phone, tablet PC)
– Explosive growth of demand for high quality mul-timedia services
– Saturation of core-network• Ex: FlashLinQ, Wi-Fi Direct, PAC, LTE-Direct
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
D2D Communications (●●)• Applications
– Advertising, ticketing– Productivity: meeting, printing, etc.– Proximity based social networking– Public service, emergency
• Two Key Requirements for D2D– Efficient device/service discovery & pairing
• Devices communicate with each other instead of with BS or AP
– Service discovery before association• Essential feature for D2D
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications (●○○○○○○○○○)• Prior art of device pairing (1/2)
– Users must know the ID of the peer device (IP address, hardware address, device nickname, etc)
– Cannot connect if you don’t know the ID, even when it is right before your eyes
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ID ?
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Submission
LnL Communications (●●○○○○○○○○)• Prior art of device pairing (2/2)
– User intervention: Requires users to shift through non-intu-itive addresses/names
– Discovery time can be critical from user experience point of view
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications (●●●○○○○○○○)• “Pointing” is the preferred mobile interaction technique [2]
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Young-Hoon Kim, ETRISlide 9
Touching Pointing Scanning
Natural interaction, intuitiveness Good Good Average
Felt error resistance, non-ambiguous Good Average Bad
Performance (within interaction distance) Good Average Bad
Cognitive load Low Medium High
Physical effort (outside interaction distance) High Medium Low
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications (●●●●○○○○○○)• Pointing, Scanning, and Touching Complement One
Another– Device pairing in visible range
• The peer is usually in close proximity• The ID/name of the peer may not be known• The (relative) location of the peer is the ID• Pointing (LnL Communications) or touching (NFC)
– Device pairing with invisible devices• Probably the ID/name of the peer is known• Use the conventional scan-and-select device pairing
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
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LnL Communications (●●●●●○○○○○)• Device discovery & pairing technology in visible range• Pointing, scanning, and touching can complement one another
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LnL Communications (●●●●●●○○○○)• Components of LnL Communications
– Spatial Filtering (pointing)
– Query/response– Image processing (optional)– Data link: Wi-Fi, LTE, PAC, etc
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Submission
LnL Communications (●●●●●●●○○○)• Benefit of Spatial Filtering
– Minimize signaling overhead– Minimize interference– Faster discovery– Improved user experience
• Intuitive operation• Minimal user intervention
• H/W Requirement– Transmitter: array antenna– Receiver: single antenna
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Young-Hoon Kim, ETRISlide 13
Discovery without spatial filtering
Discovery with spatial filtering
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LnL Communications (●●●●●●●●○○)
• Conventional Beamforming Technology does not work– Side lobe– Angular resolution
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Assuming free-space path-lossDevice A & B: same received power
Device A Θ = 0° 10 m
Device B Θ = 47.1° 2.72 m
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications (●●●●●●●●●○)• Random Jitter Beamforming
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Submission
LnL Communications (●●●●●●●●●●)
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“Bob goes to New York”
• Bob goes to New York, and he needs to go to the City Hall
• Bob finds a policeman across the street• Bob does not know his phone number, but
he is not worried because he has LnL enabled phone
• Bob points his LnL phone at the policeman and taps the screen, and Voilà, he is connected to the policeman.
• Bob is amazed with his LnL phone (as usual), because other people on the street did not interfere with the paring.
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
LnL Communications: Demo (●○)
• H/W– Tx: 4 ant array– Rx: a single ant
• Spatial filtering:– 5 GHz (11a)
• Data Communication: 2.4 GHz (Wi-Fi Direct)
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Tx Device Rx Device
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Submission
LnL Communications: Demo (●●)• Demo Scenario
– A User wants to establish a link with the Target de-vice
– There are also Other devices in near proximity, and the User wants to avoid interference from them
– The User simply points her device at the Target de-vice
– The User device sends a query message to the Target device, and the Target device sends a re-sponse with its ID
– Other devices do not respond to the query, because they are not in the direction the User is pointing
– User device establishes a link with the Target de-vice with the ID received for data communication
Userdevice
Targetdevice
Otherdevice 2
Otherdevice 1
• Other device 1: close to the Target device in angular distance
• Other device 2: close to the User device in Euclidean distance
doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
Discussion• LnL Communications
– Device pairing technology– Separate data communication link– Minimizes user intervention– Fast link establishment
• Data link establishment over Wi-Fi Direct takes up most of the pairing time– Users feel impatient after about 3 seconds
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doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0013-00-0wng
Submission
References[1] “Response to the Call for Applications: Look-and-Link
Communications,” DCN 15-12-0227-01-0008, May 2012.[2] E. Rukzio, “Physical Mobile Interaction: Mobile Devices as Pervasive
Mediators for Interactions with the Real World,” PhD Thesis, University of Munich, 2006.
[3] “Technical Pre-proposal for IEEE 802.15 TG8 PAC Standard,” 15-13-0271-01-0008, May 2013.
[4] M. Scott Corson et al., “Toward Proximity-Aware Internetworking,” IEEE Wireless Communications, December 2010, pp. 26-33.
[5] http://www.wi-fi.org/discover-and-learn/wi-fi-direct[6] 3GPP TR 22.803, “Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe),” Re-
lease 12, 3GPP, 2013.[7] Chunyi Peng et al., “Point & Connect: Intention-based Device Pairing
for Mobile Phone Users,” Mobisys’09, June 2009.
January 2014
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