powerpoint presentation€¦ · title: powerpoint presentation author: nurfaida wakhidatik created...
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DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK SIPILSEKOLAH VOKASIUNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
Dr. Eng. Wakhidatik Nurfaida13.02.2020
Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase
Konsep Hidrologi
Website: http://wakhidatik.staff.ugm.ac.id/
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Concept
▪ Hydrology : the science of water (occurrence, circulation, distribution of water on earth & earth’s atmosphere)
▪ Two basic concepts: hydrologic cycle & water balance
what
why
▪ Need to estimate water resources▪ Need to predict flood & drought, and how to combat them▪ etc
Irrigation facility, drainage facility, flood defense, water supply, waste water facility, power plant / pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA), dll
where
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Hydrologic Cycle: Siklus Hidrologi
https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/water-overview/basics/hydrologic-cycle.html
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Hydrologic cycle (1)
▪ Liquid to gas▪ Driven by sun▪ Occurs on raindrops, free water surfaces (seas, lakes), etc▪ Evapotranspiration
Evaporation
Precipitation
▪ Rain, snow, hail (small ice particles)▪ Become: runoff (surface, subsurface)▪ Interception : rainfall will first intercepted by vegetation cover (i.e. leaves)
Evaporation & evapotranspiration (water – water vapor) → Condensation (water vapor -liquid) – small droplets – bigger droplets – saturated → precipitation
https://www.nwrfc.noaa.gov/info/water_cycle/hydrology.cgi
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Hydrologic cycle (2)
▪ Water movement into soil▪ Affect the soil moisture
Infiltration
Percolation
▪ Movement of water through the soil, and it's layers, by gravity and capillary forces
▪ Recharge the groundwater
Runoff
▪ After the water saturated the soil → surface runoff
Streamflow
…. and repeat back to evaporation…
infiltrasi
perkolasi
Saturated zone
Unsaturated zone
Water table
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Siklus Limpasan (1)
TAHAP I: Akhir musim kemarau-Evaporasi dominan-Belum ada hujan-Permukaan kering
TAHAP II:Awal musim penghujan-Mulai ada hujan sedikit-Belum cukup membentuksurface runoff
Ref: Sri Harto, BR., “Hidrologi: Teori, Masalah, dan Penyelesaian”. Naffiri Offset: Yogyakarta. 2000
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Siklus Limpasan (2)
TAHAP III: Puncak musim penghujan-Soil moisture capacity tercapai-Surface runoff dominan-Sering terjadi banjir
TAHAP IV:Awal musim kemarau-Pengatusan subsurface flow-Penguapan intensif-Soil moisture berkurang
Ref: Sri Harto, BR., “Hidrologi: Teori, Masalah, dan Penyelesaian”. Naffiri Offset: Yogyakarta. 2000
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pola Perubahan Hidrologi (Question)
Q
t
Q
t
Q
t
(1) (2) (3)
(C)(A) (B)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pola Perubahan Hidrologi (Answer)
Q
t
Q
t
Q
t
(1) (2) (3)
(B)(C) (A)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Konsep Urutan Analisis Hidrologi
Batasan areaDAS (Daerah Aliran Sungai) / DTA (Daerah Tangkapan Air) /Watershed / Catchment Area
Analisiskesalahandata hujan
Stasiun hujan, kelengkapan data hujan, Panjang data hujan, kepanggahan data
Analisis data hujan
Pemilihan cara analisis data hujansesuai karakter data dan penggunaannya
Drainase: DEBIT RANCANGAN GOAL
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pengukuran
Curah Hujan
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pengertian2
▪ Intensitas hujan, 𝑖 (mm)▪ Tinggi air per satuan waktu (mm/menit, mm/jam, mm/hari)
▪ Kejadian hujan:▪ Hujan actual▪ Hujan rencana
▪ Agihan hujan▪ Agihan hujan jam-jaman▪ Agihan hujan harian▪ Agihan hujan bulanan / tengah bulanan
▪ Hyetograph
▪ Pencatat/Penakar hujan
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Alat Ukur / Penakar Hujan Manual
▪ Menghitung volume air selama 24 jam▪ Alat dibuka dan diukur secara teratur setiap hari (periodik) pada
pukul 07:00,▪ Hanya mengukur jumlah hujan, tidak dapat diketahui durasi hujan
dan intensitas hujan maksimum pada suatu kejadian hujan
15 cm
40 cm
65 cm
120 cm
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
ARR: Automatic Rainfall Recorder (1)
ARR tipe Hellmann
http://www.th-friedrichs.de/en/products/rain/rain-gauge/hellmann-rain-gauge/
Corong penangkap, luas 200 cm2
Silinder pemutar kertas grafik
Tabung pelampung
▪ Silinder terus berputar sesuai waktu▪ Air hujan masuk→ pelampung bergerak→
membuat grafik pada kertas silinder.▪ Apabila ketinggian grafik mencapai 10 mm
(angka maksimal), air terbuang melaluisyphon, grafik turun ke 0 (nol) lagi, pencatatan diteruskan..
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh hasil pencatatan data hujan
https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/achtergrond/recovery-and-disclosure-of-historical-meteorological-observations-hisklim
https://civilclassroom.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/precipitation.pdf
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
ARR: Automatic Rainfall Recorder (2)
ARR tipe Tipping Bucket
▪ Mencatat setiap jungkitvia sensor yang terpicuoleh magnet
▪ Kapasitas wadah: 0.5 mm each sidesVideo: Missisipi WMO Youtube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygLJV8upFQ4
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh hasil pencatatan data hujan
Sumber: Trang, Bui Thi Thu, et al. "Analysis of Storm Pattern for Design Urban Drainage System in the Monsoon Areas of Vietnam." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A (2018): 49.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327121168_Serial_Number_68
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh rekap data hujan
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Syarat Pemasangan Alat Penakar Hujan
General rule
▪ Tidak dipasang di tempat yang terlalu terbuka (over exposed), seperti di puncak gedung, puncak bukit, etc
▪ Tidak dipasang di tempat yang terlalu tertutup (under exposed), seperti di antara dua gedung tinggi
▪ Mudah memperoleh tenaga pengamat
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Syarat Pemasangan Alat Ukur (1)
KemenPU Sumber: Prosedur dan Instruksi Kerja Survei Penempatan dan Pembangunan Pos Hidrologi, KemenPU
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Syarat Pemasangan Alat Ukur (2)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Standar Pemasangan Alat Ukur WMO (1)
WMO
https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=4939
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Standar Pemasangan Alat Ukur WMO (2)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Standar Pemasangan Alat Ukur WMO (3)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Standar Pemasangan Alat Ukur WMO (4)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Thought…
Apabila di sekitar kampus Dept. Teknik Sipil, atau di sekitar Sekolah Vokasi akanditempatkan satu alat pengukur curah hujan, di mana saja potensi lokasi alat?
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Di mana saja bisa memperoleh data hujan?
▪ BBWS (Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai) terkait
▪ PSDA (Dinas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air) terkait
▪ BMKG (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika)
▪ Lain2
▪ Area kampus
▪ Area industri
▪ Area tambang
▪ Satellite
▪ TRMM
▪ GPM
▪ …
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Downloadable Rainfall Data: BMKG
http://dataonline.bmkg.go.id/home
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Downloadable Rainfall Data: NASA
https://pmm.nasa.gov/data-access/downloads/trmm
Note: always look for ground measurement as the main data instead of satellite data
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Watershed /
Catchment Area
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pengertian2
▪ Daerah aliran sungai / watershed / drainage basin / catchment area / river basin
▪ Daerah tangkapan air / catchment area
https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/Water/Watershed/index.html
https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_watershed_lesson01
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pengertian DAS
https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/13-2-drainage-basins/
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Pengertian DAS & Sub DAS
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh DAS (Sungai menuju pantai selatan Jawa)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Define Sub Basin..!
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Catchment Area
for Urban Drainage
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Daerah Tangkapan Air (Untuk Drainase Urban)
𝑄𝑇
Konsep tata saluran sederhana untuk drainase sebuahkawasan
Rainfall
*untuk konsep dan aplikasi drainase berwawasan lingkungan, akan disampaikanpada pertemuan 6 – 9.
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh kasus
KarakteristikKemiringan Lahan
Kolam Detensi
Doc. pribadi
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh kasus
Saluran Utama
Kolektor
Kolam Detensi
Doc. pribadi
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Thought…..
1. Bisakah Saudara menghitung luas catchment area di saluran drainase di sekitar kampus?
2. Coba identifikasi saluran drainase di sekitar Dept. Teknik Sipil, beserta luas beban daerah tangkapan air (catchment area) nya..
Bisa jadi akan menjadi salah satu tugas di MatKul ini… ☺
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Sebaran Stasiun
Penakar Hujan
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Contoh
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Overview Analisa Data Hujan
Data Selection Uji KepanggahanAnalisa
berikutnya (sesuaikeperluan)
Debit Rancangan
Hujan rancangan, intensitas hujan, transformasi rainfall-runoff, etc..
(Details will be discussed next week)
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
What’s next
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
Materi pertemuan berikutnya
▪ Cara uji kepanggahan data hujan & Latihan▪ Cara menghitung hujan rerata & latihan▪ …
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Analisis Hidrologi dan Drainase –D3 Teknik Sipil, DTS-SV-UGM
See you next week!
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