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Fig/xJZx5ollectinge0cigxvapour
Fig/xEZxPushingxthroughxsyringexfilter
Fig/xFZx5ondensatexonxcoffeexfilter
Fig/xGZxPreparedxsamplesxforxbeamtimexanalysis
Fig/xHZxPlacingxsamplesxinxbeamline
Fig/x5ZxExtractedxusedxe0cigxcoil
Fig/x&Zx5ollectingxcigarettexsmoke
Fig/8 Fig/xz
Fig/xV Fig/xN
Fig/xKZxKnxe0cigxandxsyringe
Introduction:0ThexusexofxelectronicxcigarettesxTe0cigs(xisxrisingxamongxyouthxandxadultsxatxaxrapidxratexasxmanyxpeoplexfeelxtheyxarexharmless/x0Thisxstudyxwasxcarriedxoutxtoxexaminexthexpotentialxchemicalxdangersxofxthexe0cigsxvaporxinhaledxbyxthexsmoker/0Thexe0juicexsamplesxT,xmgLmLjx8XxmgLmLxnicotine(xandxvaporizationxtemperaturexTV/VVjxN/VV(xwerexexaminedxtoxidentifyxthexspeciationxofxmetalsxinxthexe0cigxvapor/0Nichromexcoatingsxarexcommonlyxusedxonxe0cigxcoilsxandxdegradexasxthexheatxvaporizesxthexmetallicxNixandx5rxcoatings/0LongxtermxexposurextoxNizwxcanxincreasexhealthxrisksxandxpotentiallyxleadxtoxdeath/
Hypothesis:0ThexvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxwillxaffectxthexspeciationxandxconcentrationxTconc/(xofxmetalsxwithinxthexaerosol/
Objectives:0Jeterminexchemicalxelementsxinxe0cigxvapor/0Jeterminexifxe0cigsxresultxinxthexformationxofxpotentiallyxharmfulmetalxspecies/0Knalyzexthexeffectsxofxvaporizationxtemperaturexandxnicotinexlevelsxonxmetalxspeciationxinxthexaerosol/05omparexpresencexofxelementsxandxmetalxspeciationxbetweenx“regular”xcigarettesxandxe0cigs/
Results:P0XRFxscansxofxallxsamplesxindicatedxtracexamountsxofxNijxZnxandx5r/xTFig/x8xandxz/(05rxwasxpresentxinxe0cigsxsamplesxbutxnotxpresentxinxregularxcigarettexsamples/0XKNESxindicatexthexpresencexofxzincxoxalatexinxthexvapor/xTFig/xV(0XKNESxofxe0cigsxvaporxindicatexthexpresencexofxNizwxinxthexformxofxanxoxide/xTFig/xN(
Conclusion:P0PresencexofxZnxinxthexvaporxdoesxnotxappearxtoxbexaxhealthxconcern/0Nixfoundxinxthexvaporxwasxaxresultxofxheatingxthexnichromexcoilxofxthexe0cig/x0MetallicxnickelxTNi,(xfromxthexcoilxchangesxintoxNiOxTNizw(xwhenxheated/0Prolongedxexposurextoxe0cigxvaporxwithxNizwcouldxbexharmful/0Increasedxvoltagexresultsxinxgreaterxamountsxofxvaporxemitted/xThereforejxvaporizingxatxhigherxvoltagesxmayxresultxinxmorexNizwemitted/
FuturePResearch:05onductxresearchxdeterminingxhowxnicotinexconcentrationxaffectxthexconcentrationxofxNiOxemitted/x0ObtainxquantitativexdataxonxconcentrationsxofxelementsxpresentxinxthexvaporjxspecificallyxNi/0Jeterminexwhetherxdifferentxflavorsxofxe0juicexaffectxmetalxspeciation/0Samplexaxwiderxarrayxofxe0cigsxtoxdeterminexanyxvariancexinxthexpresencexofxNixinxthexvaporxduextoxdifferencesxinxthexcoils/
Acknowledgments:PWexwouldxlikextoxthankxthex5LSxusersxofficejxNSER5xPromosciencejx&/x&illinghurstjx&/x5raig/xP/xHumbertjxJ/xKorberxandxP/xMalhi/
Procedure:0Twoxe0cigsxTsetxatxV/VxVxandxN/VxV(xwerexfilledxwithxe0juicexT,xmgLmlx4x8XxmgLmlxofxnicotine(xproducingxvaporxgatheredxwithxV+xmlxsyringes/xTFig/xK(05ollectedxvaporxandxcondensatexfromxe0cigxandxsmokexfromxregularxcigarettexwerexreleasedxthroughxaxsyringexfilterxintoxpetrixdishesxcontainingxcoffeexfiltersxandxthexfiltersxwerexleftxtoxdry/xTFig/x&jxJjxExandxF(05ondensatejxe0juicejxregularxcigarettesjxandxe0cigsxcoilsxexaminedxwithxIJEKSxbeamlinexusingxX0rayxfluorescencexTXRF(/xTFig/x5(0NickelxandxZincxlevelsxwerexfurtherxanalyzedxthroughxX0rayxKbsorptionxNearxEdgexSpectroscopyxTXKNES(/xTFig/xGxandxH(x
Analysis:P0Znxwasxpresentxinxsamplesxwhichxcamexintoxcontactxwithxe0juicexTFig/x8xandxz(0IncreasingxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxnicotinexconc/xT,xmgLmLxtox8XxmgLmL(xincreasedxconc/xofxZnxTFig/xV(0xXRFxstartingxresultsxshowxNixonlyxpresentxinxe0cigxcoil/xTFig/8(0E0cigxvaporxcontainedxNiO/xTFig/xz(xx0Nixcontentxwasxhigherxinxe0cigsxvaporxthanxtobaccoxcigarettexsmoke/xTFig/xN(x0IncreasedxvoltagexTV/VVxtoxN/VV(xandxlowxnicotinexconcentrationsxT,xgLmL(xcausexaxhigherxconcentrationxofxNizwxtoxbexreleasedxinxthexvapor/xTFig/xN(
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APCHEMICALPANALYSISPOFPELECTRONICPCIGARETTEPEMISSIONS