12.0 Suzanne Bloom & Ed Hill (Manual), From The Constructed Forest, 1993. Digital color print.

12.1 Martin Parr, Tupperware Party, 1985, from his book The Cost of Living, 1989.

12.2 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Aparición), 1991. Print on paper, endless copies. 8 in. (20.3 cm) at ideal height x 28.5 x 43 in. (72.4 x 109.2 cm) (original paper size). © The Felix Gonzalez-Torres Foundation. Courtesy of Andrea Rosen Gallery, New York.

12.3 Adrian Piper, Pretend No. 3, 1990. Four black-and-white photographs, one pencil drawing on graph paper, silkscreened texts.

12.4 Sigmar Polke, Lager, 1982. Acrylic and various pigments on fabric, 158 x 98 in. (401.4 x 250 cm).

12.5 Anselm Kiefer, Siegfried’s Difficult Way to Brünhilde, 1988. Lead and photo in a glazed steel frame.

12.6 David Hockney, Christopher Isherwood Talking to Bob Holman, Santa Monica, California, March 14, 1983. Photographic collage.

12.7 Orlan, Omniprésence Vénus, 2001. Composite photograph.

12.8 NASA, View of Venus, May 26, 1993.

12.9 Derek Johnston, Landscape Specimen 004 (Havisu Falls), 1996. Hand-coated platinum/palladium print. Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, Illinois.

12.10 Gary Schneider, Pair of Tumor Suppressor Genes on Chromosome 11, 1997. Platinum print.

12.11 Stanford University, The Stanford Visible Male, from the Visible Human Project™, National Library of Medicine, 1990s. Stanford University California.

12.12 Catherine Chalmers, Bug from Food Chain, 1994-96. Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, North Adams, Massachusetts.

12.13 Suzanne Bloom & Ed Hill (Manual), From The Constructed Forest, 1993. Digital color print.

12.14 Aziz & Cucher, Dystopia, 1994. Installation at the Jack Shainman Gallery, New York. Digital prints.

12.15 Time cover, special issue, Fall 1993.

12.16 Nancy Burson, Mankind (an Asian, a Caucasian, and a Black blended, weighted according to current population statistics), 1983-84. Composite photograph.

12.17 Pedro Meyer, The Temptation of the Angel, 1991. Digital color print. California Museum of Photography, Riverside, California.

12.18 Dyan Marie, Learning to Count THREE” Whirlwind, 1993. Digital color print.

12.19 Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie, Damn! There Goes the Neighborhood!, 1998. Digital print.

12.20 Chen Chieh-Jen, Self-Destruction, 1996. Digital print.

12.21 Jeff Wall, Dead Troops Talk (A Vision after an Ambush of a Red Army Patrol, near Moqor, Afghanistan, Winter 1986), 1991-92. Cibachrome transparency, fluorescent light, aluminum display case.

12.22 Yasumasa Morimura, A Self-Portrait (Actress), red Marilyn, 1996. Ektachrome print.

12.23 Mariko Mori, Pure Land, 1997-98. Glass photo interlayer (1 of 5 panels).

12.24 Keith Cottingham, Untitled (Triple), 1993. Digitally constructed color photograph.

12.25 Miroslaw Rogala, Lover’s Leap, 1995. Installation.

11.26 Esther Parada, Transplant: A Tale of Three Continents (Wherein a Victorian love story between a Chicago heiress and an English aristocrat reveals a web of colonial maneuvers connecting the United States, England, and India), 1996. Website.

12.27 Mary Ellen Mark, “Rat” and Mike with a Gun, Seattle, Washington, 1983.

12.28 Chris Killip, Youth, Jarrow, 1976.

12.29 Paul Graham, Waiting Room, Southwark D.H.S.S., South London, 1984.

12.30 Andreas Gursky, Bundestag, Bonn, 1998. Mixed Media.

12.31 Eugene Richards, Crack Plague in Red Hook, Brooklyn, 1994. Gelatin silver print.

12.32 Susan Meiselas, Street Fighter in Managua, from her book Nicaruga, 1981.

12.33 Gilles Peress, Demonstration in Favor of the Ayatollah Shariatmadari, Iran, 1980. Gelatin silver print. Courtesy the artist.

12.34 Donna Ferrato, Cover photograph of her book Living with the Enemy, 1991.

12.35 James Nachtwey, Rioters in Belfast, Northern Ireland, 1981, from his book Deeds of War, 1989.

12.36 Jolene Rickard, Untitled, adapted from the series Scientifically Unnatural, 1993. Ektachrome and silver gelatin print with rubbings.

12.37 Zhuang Hui, Commemorative Picture of Teachers and Students of Loyang Police School, Hunan Province, May 13, 1997, 1997. Gelatin silver print.

12.38 Vladimir Kuprejanov, “The lights of the day extinguished,” from his series In Memory of Pushkin, 1985.

12.39 Sebastião Salgado, Serra Pelada, Brazil, from his book An Uncertain Grace, 1990.

12.40 Boris Mikhailov, Untitled from the Case History series. 1997-98.

12.41 Eugenio Dittborn, Commonplaces, 1984. Airmail painting no. 8, rubber stamp and photosilkscreen on wrapping paper.

12.42 Park Bul-Dong, Nightmare No. 3 (Electoral campaign poster), 1985. Collage of photograph and text on paper. Collection of the artist.

12.43 Thomas Ruff, Portrait, 1987. Chromogenic color print.

12.44 Lynne Cohen, Observation Room, n.d. Gelatin silver print.

12.45 Christian Boltanski, Monuments (Les Enfants de Dijon) (The Children of Dijon), 1985. Installation. Black-and-white and color photographs, metal frames, glass, light bulbs, wire.

12.46 Lorna Simpson, Five-Day Forecast, 1988. Five black-and-white prints in one frame and ten engraved plaques.

12.47 Photographer Unknown, Untitled (Cambodian prisoners), 1975-79. Gelatin silver prints.

Santu Mofokeng, Shebeen in White City, Soweto, c. 1987. Gelatin silver print. © Santu Mofokeng/South Photographs.

12.49 Zwelethu Mthethwa, Untitled, 2002. Chromogenic color print.