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Ecosystems &Biodiversity Measuring Species Diversity

Practical 4 Measuring and Comparing Species Diversity

Reading

Burgman M.A. & Lindenmayer D.B !""#$ Conservation Biology for the Australian

Environment.Surrey Beatty & Sons. C%apter '%at s%ould (e conserved ) sections .!*.+.

,ntroduction

,n an earlier practical -e eamined t%e di//iculties /aced -%en -e try to place individuals

into separate taa0 or species0 (ased on t%eir morp%ology only. ,n t%is practical -e -ill

loo1 at an eample0 -%ere -e use 2morp%ospecies3 o/ mot%s collected /rom t%ree

islands0 to compare species diversity0 and t%en ma1e some recommendations a(out

conservation priorities (ased on t%e comparison. '%at is a morp%ospecies)$

Comparing Species Diversity Moths of SE Asia


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9irst0 you must sort all t%e mot%s into 2groups. :se c%aracteristics -%ic% all t%e

mot%s %ave in common0 (ut -%ose states vary. 9or eample0 relative antenna

lengt% or ornimentation0 -ing colouration0 -ing mar1ings0 a(domen or t%ora

si5e or s%ape mig%t all (e use/ul c%aracters0 (ut num(er o/ legs is not; Si5e is also

not a good c%aracteristic to use -%y)$.

6%e 2operational taonomic units3 or


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Brie/ly eplain -%at !$ species ric%ness and $ species evenness mean.

'%at -as t%e order o/ t%e islands0 /rom %ig%est to lo-est diversity)

o- did you ran1 t%e islands /or conservation) Did t%is /ollo- t%e diversity values)

'%at ot%er /actors could you ta1e into account -%en determining conservation

priority)

,/ -e do not %ave t%e resources to protect all species0 -%at criteria could -e use to

decide -%ere to /ocus our conservation e//orts)

Due Date

C%ec1 t%e Assessment Details 9ile /or t%e date. 6%is report is -ort% !@ o/ your total

mar1.


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Ta"le #. um(er o/ species and num(er o/ individuals o/ eac% species /or t%ree

Malaysian ,slands. D Simpson diversity inde. P priority ran1ing /or restorationF !

most urgent0 Gleast urgent.

Species Pulau Sipadan Pulau 6alang*

6alang

Pulau Redang


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:nderstanding Simpson8s Diversity ,nde

6%ere are a num(er o/ good -e( sites -%ic% eplain %o- to compare species diversity0

and some allo- you to use t%eir online calculator.

%ttpHII---.countrysidein/o.co.u1Isimpsons.%tm

%ttpHII---.umanito(a.caIinstitutesInaturalJresourcesI(iodiversityI(iodiversity.%tml

SimpsonKs Diversity ,nde is a measure o/ diversity. ,n ecology0 it is o/ten used touanti/y t%e (iodiversity o/ a %a(itat. ,t ta1es into account t%e num(er o/ species present0as -ell as t%e a(undance o/ eac% species.

$iological Diversity - t%e great variety o/ li/e

Biological diversity can (e uanti/ied in many di//erent -ays. 6%e t-o main /actors ta1eninto account -%en measuring diversity are ric%ness and evenness. Ric%ness is a measureo/ t%e num(er o/ di//erent 1inds o/ organisms present in a particular area. 9or eample0species ric%ness is t%e num(er o/ di//erent species present. o-ever0 diversity dependsnot only on ric%ness0 (ut also on evenness. Evenness compares t%e similarity o/ t%e

population si5e o/ eac% o/ t%e species present.
http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/simpsons.htmhttp://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/biodiversity/biodiversity.htmlhttp://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/simpsons.htmhttp://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/biodiversity/biodiversity.html


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individuals are (uttercups0 -it% only a /e- daisies and dandelions present. Sample is

t%ere/ore considered to (e less diverse t%an sample !.

Numbers of individuals

Flower Species Sample 1 Sample 2

Daisy 300 20

Dandelion 335 49

Buercup 3!5 931

"oal 1000 1000

A community dominated (y one or t-o species is considered to (e less diverse t%an onein -%ic% several di//erent species %ave a similar a(undance.

As species ric%ness and evenness increase0 so diversity increases. SimpsonKs Diversity,nde is a measure o/ diversity -%ic% ta1es into account (ot% ric%ness and evenness.

As t%e species diversity increases0 so does t%e value o/ Simpson8s Diversity ,nde D.


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Calculating Simpson&s Diversity 'nde( online

Step #! Log on to your computer and navigate to t%e /ollo-ing -e(site 7

%ttpHII---.umanito(a.caIinstitutesInaturalJresourcesI(iodiversityI(iodiversity.%tml

>ou s%ould see t%e /ollo-ing screen.

Step %!Clic1 on t%e calculator s%o-n

in 9igure ! on t%e screen0 and t%e

/ollo-ing screen s%ould appear.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/biodiversity/biodiversity.htmlhttp://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/biodiversity/biodiversity.html


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Step *!Clic1 t%e 2calculate diversity3 (utton0 and a results (o -ill appear li1e t%e one

(elo-.


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Calculating the Simpson Diversity 'nde( "y hand

6%is inde is calculated as /ollo-sH

D !Ipi

-%erepi t%e /ractional a(undance o/ t%e ithspecies on t%e island. 9or eample i/ you%ad a sample o/ t-o species -it% + individuals o/ one species and # individuals o/ t%e

ot%er species a total o/ !G individuals$

D # . /+.#)0%1 /2.#)0%0

# . /3!)20%

1 /3!%0%

0

#./3!+%0

D #!4%

so0 as t%e value o/ D increases0 so does t%e diversity.


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Calculating t%e Simpson diversity inde 7 an eample

Species Pulau Sipadan Pulau 6alang*

6alang

Pulau Redang

!. + +

. # G. "

4. ?

total indiviuals @

Simpson inde D$ .# G.?

Pulau Sipadan D !I+I$ #I$ "I$$

[email protected]$ @.G?$ @.4!$$

!I@.@+ @.!G @.!$

[email protected]+

D .#


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Mot%s o/ SE Asia


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Ecosystems &Biodiversi ty Measuring Species Diversity


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