Practical Field Application of the Mysterious Dynamic Kill

Jim LaGrone, P.E.Boots & CootsHouston, TxIADC Well Control Conference –

Nov 2009

The DYNAMIC KILL

• 1st

Published by Blount/Soeiinah (Mobil)• 1978 Dynamic Kill –

Arun Field Indonesia

– Flowing an estimated 300 MMscf/d [8.6Mm3/d]

• Identified the Additional Effect of ECD– Turbulent Feature of Water

• Has been used extensively, whether known or not

• We are here to learn HOW to do it RIGHT

What is this about?

• We are not here to learn about all of the robust programs available to you

• We are here to learn how to KILL PLAIN and SIMPLE

• Problem with all SOFTWARE is…

INPUTGarbage In/Garbage Out

What is IT (DK)?

• Increase FBHP to SBHP via– Increasing hydrostatic head in the flow path– Increase ECD via Friction of kill fluids– Not Fracture the formation during the Kill– Maintaining CONSTANT BHP once well is

deadWe are essentially weighting up the gas!

Flow Rate = C x (SBHP2

–

FBHP2)

Inflow Performance Releationship

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

Flowrate (MMscf/d)

FBH

P (p

sig)

Well Dead

AOF

IPR

Pore Pressure

Bottom Hole Pressure

DP CP

StaticBHP

Bottom Hole Pressure

DP

FlowingBHP

Increasing the BHP

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Kill Fluid Volume (bbl)

BH

P (

psi)

Kill Rate (BPM) 29.0Mud Density (ppg) 13.5

SBHP

FBHP

When is the Right Time for a Dynamic Kill?

When to USE

• Anytime• There are no negatives on when to use• Limitation on tubulars

(Pump Pressure)

• When you SHOULD always use DK– No surface pressure control

• Shallow Gas• Surface Blowout• No ability to choke well back• Worried about breaking down formation

– And Having a Surface Broach

Diverted Well

Underground Blowout

The Dynamic Kill Pyramid

Kill Fluid Density

Inje

ctio

n D

epth Kill Fluid

Volume

Wellbore Geometry Blowout Flowrates

Kill Fluid Rate

TheKill

Blowout ConstraintsControl Parameters

The Kill Pyramid

Kill Fluid Density

Inje

ctio

n D

epth Kill Fluid

Volume

TheKill

Wellbore Geometry Blowout Flowrates

Kill Fluid Rate

Blowout ConstraintsControl Parameters

Est. Flow Rate - GasGas Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Gas Flowrate (MMscf/d)

Fla

me

He

igh

t (f

t)

GPSA (Sec 5-18)

Est. Flow Rate - OilOil Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000Oil Flowrate (BOPD)

Fla

me

He

igh

t (f

t)

Hasemi and Tojunga

Diverted Well

Sensitivities12ppg Mud Kill Rates

10 MMscf/d

15 MMscf/d

20 MMscf/d

30 MMscf/d

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200

FBHP

Kill R

ate

(B

PM

)

`

∆42 BPM

The Kill Pyramid

Kill Fluid Density

Inje

ctio

n D

epth Kill Fluid

Volume

TheKill

Wellbore Geometry Blowout Flowrates

Kill Fluid Rate

Thresholds –

Fixed Kill Rate

Sensitivity - Fixed Kill Rate of 64 BPM

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Kill Mud Density (ppg)

Kill V

olu

me (

bb

l)

Thresholds –

Fixed Density

Sensitivity - Fixed Density of 13.5 ppg (1.62 SG)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

30 40 50 60 70 80 90Kill Rate (BPM)

Kil

l V

olu

me (

bb

l)

Thresholds –

Fixed Volume

Sensitivity - Fixed Mud Volume of 2 Hole Volumes

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Kill Mud Density (ppg)

Kill R

ate

(B

PM

)

Changing the RulesInflow Performance

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Flowrate (MMscf/d)

Pres

sure

(psi

)

Reservoir Performance

7" x 4-1/2" Annular Performance

7" Casing Performance

7" x 3-1/2 Annular Performance

300 PSI @ 6 BPM 7000 PSI @ 22 BPM

Kill Fluid– Water

• Goes into Turbulence Quickly• Cheap & Usually Plentiful• Less Polluting• High Fluid Leak-Off• Can Increase Flow Path Area

– Drilling Mud• Great Fluid Leak-Off Properties• Can use Higher Densities (Pro/Con)• Does not go into Turbulence as Quickly

After Kill

• Water as Kill Fluid– Displace Water w/ Kill Weight Mud

• Use Weight/Wait method• ECD’s

must be corrected for water-mud

transition

• Monitor wellbore– Cement or other remedial operations

Real World Rules• 40% more HHP/pump rate capacity than

simulated– Don’t confuse HHP w/ Rate

• 100% more kill fluid volume than required• Enough fuel for double the anticipated

pumping time• Start the dynamic kill job in the morning• All data acquisition into a central control

cabin (BPM, Pressure, Coms, Video, BHP)• Only one person making the calls

Kill Spread

Relief Well Conduits

Surface Intervention

A B C D

THE End

Any Questions?