PROCEEDl ·es OFTHE INTER.\IATIONALSYMPOSIUM Oì\ PRE-FAILURE DEFORMATION CHARACTERlSTICS OF GEOMATERlALS SAPPORO l JAPAN l 12-14 SEPTEMBER 1994

Pre-failure Deformation of Geomaterials SATORU SHffiUYA & TOSHIYUKI MITACHI Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

SEIICHI MIURA Muroran Insritute ofTechnology, Muroran, Japan

VOLUME I

A. A. BALKEMA l ROTTERDAM l BROOKFIELD l 1994

Pre-fai/ure Oetormation of Geomateriats, Shibuya, Mitachi & Miura (eds) © 1994 Balkema. Roilerdam, ISBN 90 5410 399 X

Table of contents

Measurement of shear deformation of geomaterials- Laboratory tests

Stress states affecting elastic deformati o n moduli of geomaterials 3 Y. Kohata, F.Tatsuoka, 1 Dong, S. Teachavorasinskun & K Mizumoto

Small strain measurements during triaxial tests: Many problems, some solutions 11 D. C F. Lo Presti, O. Pallara, D Costanzo & M Impavido

Deformation characteristics of gravels in triax.ial compression tests and cyclic triaxjal te.sts 17 JDong, KNakamura, F.Tatsuoka & Y. Kohata

Some observations on the stati c and dynamic shear stiffness of Ham River sand 25 E Porovic & RJJardine

Cyclic deformation characteristics of sands in triaxial and torsional tests 31 S Yamashita & S. Toki

Dynamic properties of sand at lo w confining pressure 37 M Kanatani, K Nishi & Y.Tanaka

Deformation characteristics of undisturbed riverbed grave] by in si tu freezing sampling 41 method N. Yasuda, N. Ohta & A Nakamura

Shear modulus and damping ratio of gravelly soils measured by several methods 47 Y.Tanaka, K Kudo, K Nishi & T. Okamoto

Defom1ational characteristics of unceroented carbonate Quiou sand 55 V. Fioravante, R Capoferri, O. Hameury & M Jamiolkowski

Measurement of shear w ave velocity of sand before liquefaction and during cyclic mobility 63 F.Tanizawa, S Teachavorasinskun, 1 Yamaguchi, T. Sueoka & S Goto

A method to minimize membrane penetration effects in undrained triaxial tests on granular 69 soils S Kawamura & S. Miura

Effects of the cyclic prestraining on dilatancy characteristics and liquefaction strength of sand 75 S Teachavorasinskun, F.Tatsuoka & D C F. Lo Presti

VII

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Cyclic behavior of saturated sand under drainage contro! 8l Y. Yanwda, M Sawaguchi & S. l garashi

Undrained cyclic shear strength and deformation of crushable so il 87 MHyodo, NYasujuku, H Murata, AFLHyde & T.Okabayashi

Undrained cyclic loading of a cemented sand 95 C K Yeoh & D WAirey

Evaluation of clay disturbance due to dynamic loads 101 H Matsuda, Y. Nakagawa & l Ishii

Direct shear and direct simple shear test results on a Japanese marine clay 107 Y. X Tang, H Hanzawa & K Yasuhara

Undrained shear characteristics of a soft day after cyclic loading 113 N Horii, Y.Toyosawa, S. T amate & S. KAmpadu

Shear deformation characteristics of Hiroshiima clay cured at high temperature 119 T. Moriwaki, K Yashima & M N ago

Deformation of clayey sand during saturation, consolidation and undrained shear process 125 1 Kuwano, H Hashizume & KTakahara

Shearing behaviour of cohesive soil subjected to decrease in mean effective stress 131 M Katagiri & G !mai

Multi-stage triaxial (static and cyclic) test of marine clay 137 FTu & S. Ma

Stress-strain relationship of lightly-cemented sand in tension and compression 143 R N. Dass, R M Das, S. C Yen, V. K Puri & MA Wright

Volume change characteristics of discontinuous rock 149 AFahimifar

Constant norma! stiffness testing of soft rock-concrete interfaces 155 1 P. Seidel, C M Haberfield & L W Johnston

Measurement of shear deformation of geomaterials- Field tests

The effects of measure accuracy in the interpretati o n of dynamic tests on saturated soils 163 A Gajo & L Mongiovì

Shear wave anisotropy in Edogawa Pleistocene deposit 169 S. Nishio & Y. Katsura

Change of S-wave velocity of foundation ground just beneath a building during construction 175 process K Kudo, T. Kokusho, T. Okamoto, Y.Tanaka, T. Kawai, Y. Sa w ada, K Suzuki & H Yajima

Strain-dependency of ground stiffness basedl on measured ground settlement NAkino & M Sahara

Small strain stiffness of Pleistocene clays in triaxial compression 1 N Mukabi, F.Tatsuoka, Y. Kohata, T.Tsuchida & NAkino

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189

A study on appropriate numbers of cyclic shear tests for seismic response analyses 197 S Yasuda, T. Ma suda, H Nagase, SOda & l Morimoto

Deformation characteristics of soft rock by pressuremeter test 203 JCJani, KNishi & T.Okamoto

Evaluation of defom1ation characteristics of soft rock using in si tu pressuremeter test 207 M Fujitani, M Shimada, Y. Koike & l Furuta

In si tu measurement of shear moduli of soils and its evaluation 213 y Koga, O Matsuo & N. Sugawara

Measuring the small-strain bebaviour of sand in situ 217 M Fahey & AASoliman

Determinati o n of deformability of Shirasu from some in si tu tests 223 R. Fukagawa, R Kitamura, S. Fukuda & Y.Tanaka

Measurement of stiffness of soils and weak rocks using small strain laboratory testing 229 and field geophysics C R l Clayton, MA Gordon & M C Matthews

Shear modulus of soft clay measured by various kinds of tests 235 HTanaka, M Tanaka, H Iguchi & K Nishida

Deformation characteristics of undisturbed silty-sand from triaxial compression and in-situ 241 tests and full-scale behavior K Miyazaki, RA Home ed, Y. Sato, Y. Kohata & FTatsuoka

Secant Young's modulus from N-value or Cu considering strain levels 247 H.Hirayama

Acoustic emission techniques for assessing deformations in soils 253 N. Dixon, R. Hill & l Kavanagh

Photoelastic modelling of the vane shear test 259 MMahmoud

Effect of relative density and crushability of sands on pile end bearing characteristics 265 A F L Hyde, N Yasufuku & M Hyodo

Modelling of shear deformation of geomaterials- Jdentification of material properties

The dependence of small strain stiffness on stress state and history for fine grained soils: 273 The example of Vallericca clay S. Rampe ilo, F. Silvestri & G Viggiani

Small strain behaviour of a grave! along some triaxial stress paths 279 A Flora, G L Jiang, Y. Kohata & F.Tatsuoka

Deformation characteristics of iron and steel slags and crushed sto ne as base-course materials 287 M Nishi, N. Yoshida, S. Hatakeyama & T.Tsujimoto

IX

Pseudo-elastic shear modulus of a Holocene clay deposi t 293 S. Shibuya, MNakajima & I Hm·ono

Pre-failure deformation characteristics of contaminated fine-grained soil 299 H-Y.Fang

Contraction of so il subjected to traffic-type stress application 305 lTowhata, N Hw·ada, M Sunaga & Y. Kawasaki

Dilatancy characteristics of clayey so il under principal axes rotati o n 311 HAkagi & .1. Saitoh

Yielding of a weakly bonded artificial soil 315 V. Malandraki & DG T oli

Anisotropie behavior of sands with similar grading in p lane strain compression 321 T. B S. Pradhan, R. Kamata & G. /mai

Deformation-strength anisotropy and particle crushing of volcanic coarse grained soils 329 S. Miura, K Yagi & S. Kawamura

Infiuence of freezing and thawing on volume change of unsaturated soils 335 T Nishimura & S. Ogawa ·

Deformation of sand in direct shear box test 341 S. Tamate, S. Shibuya & T. Mitachi

Infiuence of stress path on plane strain deformation characteristics of sand 347 S.Shimobe & !Miyamori

The behaviour of sandy so il with a stress history of pre-shearing above or belo w phase 353 transformation line K Shirakawa & Y.Tanaka

Description of anisotropy of deformation in glacilacustrine clays (from Baltic cliffs) using 359 SEM analysis R.Czajka

Study on the stress-dilatancy behaviour of sand by strain path testing 365 1Chu

Study of rnicrostructure of undrained clay 371 X Bai & P. Smart

A mechanical evaluation of the structure including finite length cracks 375 T.Seiki, G.-Cleong, Y.lchikawa & O.Aydan

Micro-damage propagation and deformation characteristics in grani tic rock under stress 381 G. -C Jeong, T. Seiki, Y. Kimura & Y. lchikawa

An experimental study on deformati an and kinking characteristics in layered rock 387 O.Aydan, G-Cleong, T.Seiki & Y.Ichikawa

The study of macroporous soils under rigid foundations by X-ray Computed Tomography 393 Technique AChirica

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----Modelling ofshear deformation of geomaterials - Modelling of materia/ properties

Effect of density state on the strength and deformati an of sands 40 l Y. Sheng & M F Randolph

Deformation-strength properties of intennediate soils under triaxial conditions 407 K. Omine, H Ochiai & N Yoshida

A non-coaxial elasto-viscoplastic consti tu ti ve mode! for clay 415 FOka

Analysis of true triaxial and directional shear celltests on Leighton Buzzard Sand 419 T.Nakai & DMuirWood

Shear deformation characteristics of cemented sands in 3-D stresses 427 H Matsuoka & DA Sun

An elasto-plastic model for frictional and cohesive materials 433 D. A Su n & H Matsuoka

Suction effect on unsaturated so il evaluated by 'bonding stress' 439 S. Kato & H Matsuoka

An isotropic hardening mode! for sand considering the bonding effects 445 N Yasufuku, Y. Nakata, M Hyodo, H Murata & A Nishikawa

Pore pressure response of an anisotropie shale during loading in an undrained condition 451 T.Aoki, C PTan & W. E Bamford

An isotropic bounding surface mode! for undrained cyclic behavior of sand: 457 Limitation and modification Y.Tobita & N Yoshida

A simplified practical stress-strain mode! in multi-dimensionai analysis 463 S.Tsujino, NYoshida & S.Yasuda

Cyclic plasticity models for geomaterials based on non-linear kinernatic hardening theory 469 AYashima, FOka &MKato

A stress parameter for the behavior of clay under cyclic loading 477 S.Murakami, HOchiai, S.Hayashi & T.Umezaki

Post-cyclic undrained stiffness for clays 483 KYasuhara, KSatoh &AF.LHyde

Small to large strain leve! behaviors of sand by elasto-plastic mode! 491 T. Sueoka, S Teachavorasinskun & F.Tanizawa

The state function of granular materials and its use 499 NMoroto

Energy-dissipating capacity of soils 503 MPLuong

Xl

A oew approach for soil mechanics based on the microscopic consideration by the probability 509 theory R. Kitamura

30-DEM analysis of shear deformation of a saturated granular material considering 5 13 the i nteraction between solid parti cles and pore flui d M Kawamura, H Hajouta & Y. Ohashi

Post yield modeling of compression for Pleistocene clays and its application to finite element 5 17 analysis M M i mura, I Shibata & K Watanabe

A study of deformation and fai lure of compacted sand/bentonite mixture soil foundation 523 by mode! test and numerica! analysis M Nishigaki, Y. Sun & l Kono

FEM simulation of footing settlement for stiff geomaterials 531 M S. A Siddiquee, F.Tatsuoka, E Hoque, T.Tsubouchi, Q Yoshida, S. Yamamoto & T.Tanaka

Non-linear FEM analyses of pressuremeter tests in a sedimentary soft rock 539 T.Tsubouchi, KOchi & F.Tatsuoka

Prediction, performance and design

Deformation-pore pressure behaviours measured and analyzed fora trial embankment 547 HMiki, HKohashi, HAsada & KTsuji

Discussions on the behavior of embankment on very soft ground 553 K Miyabe, S. Kisaichi & M Kondo

Back analysis of a trialloading o n soft clay 559 A W. Bowey & D. Muir Wood

Test embankment on supersoft foundation for airport construction 567 S. Hitachi, T Katayama, H. Yamamoto, N Ikeda, H Nakanodo, Y. Sutoh, Y. Jmaoka & S. Matsuda

Deformation analysis of peaty soft ground with Cam Clay model 575 H. Hayashi, 1 Nishikawa, H. Odajima, T. Mitachi & F. Fukuda

Prediction of settlement on peaty soft deposits using extended Kalman filter 583 M Hoshiya, K Itabashi & A Sutoh

So il modeling and prediction of deep excavation behavior 589 A 1 Whittle & Y. MA Hashash

Effects of modelling wall installation on multi-staged excavations in stiff clays 595 CW.W.Ng

Deformation characteristics of sedirnentary soft rock evaluated by full-scale excavation 60 l K Ochi, T.Tsubouchi & F.Tatsuoka

Field monitoring results an d defonnation analysis by finite element method on large scale 609 cut-and-cover road tunnels H. Veki, S. Moue, S. Kobayashi & T.Yaoyama

Xli

The intluence of recent stress history on ground movements around mnnels 615 S. EStu.llebrass, V.Jovicié & R NTaylor

Deformation characteristics of soft rock layers bearing the Akashi-Kaìkyo Bridge tower 621 foundations K Yamaguchi, K Yamagishi & S. Nasu

Latera! flow affecting a bridge constructed at the canal 627 S. Wcmo, MAra i & F Kudo

Permanent settlement of shallow foundation on sand due to cyclic loading 635 BYeo, B MDas, SCYen& V.KPuri

Analysis techniques of mat foundation: A comparative study 641 S. M Seraj & T. R. Hossain

Tilt correction of a multistoried building 647 P.KDe

Shear w ave velocity based upon vertical field strong ground motion array records 651 and the velocity change with intensity of the ground motion Y. Iwasaki

Soillrock deformation properties obtained from forced vibration tests on large-scale 657 structures/ foundations T.Ueshima & KHirata

Stability analysis and mode! test for seismic displacement of a slope 665 T.Sawada, SGNomachi & W.F.Chen

Shear stiffness effect on reinforced embankment deformations 673 M R. Madhav & N Miura

Field observation and FEM analysis on behavior of revetment built with two rows 679 of steel-pipe piles on soft foundation N Kobayashi, S. Yoshizawa, S. lijùna, K Mitsuishi, MTaki & N Fukuda

Deformation characteristics of foam-mixed solidified so il 687 Y. Matsuda, N Mihara, l Nishikawa, M Kuwabara, M Murata & F Kusakabe

Deforrnation of dry sand in laboratory mode! tests with an oblique passive wall 693 Y. Kobayashi

Author index 697

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