pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (pih)

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Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH) 妊妊妊妊妊妊妊妊

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Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH). 妊娠高血压综合征. pathogenesis. The factors of PIH - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

syndrome (PIH)

妊娠高血压综合征

Page 2: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

pathogenesis

• The factors of PIH • the theories of pathogenesis

A utero-placental ischemia theory B Neuro-endocrine theory C immunological theory(ABO;HLA) D DIC theory E others : endothelin(ET-- 内皮素)

calcium shorting

Page 3: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Pathophysiologic changes

Widespread arteriolar spasm

three main symptoms:

hypertension

proteinuria

edema

Page 4: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Pathologic changes in main organs ①

• Brain : localized and spot hemorrhage (局灶性,点状出血) thrombosis (栓塞) softening (软化) • heart : fibrin thrombi (纤维栓塞) focal necrosis (灶性坏死)

Page 5: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Pathologic changes in main organs ②

• Liver : periportal hemorrhagic necrosis (门脉周围出血坏死)

• kidneys :

• placenta : atherosclerosis IUGR--intrauterine growth retardation ( 宫内发育迟缓)

Page 6: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)
Page 7: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Classification of PIH syndromecl assi fi cati on-cati ou

cri teri a

BP edema protei n u r i a

Mi l d

Moderate present

>18.7/12KPa(140/90mmHg or >4/2KPa)

(30/15mmHg) thanbasi c BP

<21.3/14.6KPa160/110mmHg

≥ 21.3/14.6KPa persrent

wi th symptomssever

+

+ ++ +++

mi l d

con v u l s i o n

preecl amp s i aecl ampsi a si onvul

si a

Page 8: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

unclassification

• Edema : edema spreading to the thighs or above

• proteinueia : (+) or more

• chronic hypertension

Page 9: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Clinical findings

• Mild PIH syndrome

• moderate PIH syndrome• severe PIH syndrome

prepartal eclampsia (产前子痫)

partal eclampsia ( 产时子痫)

postpartal eclampsia (产后子痫)

Page 10: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

diagnosis• History hypertension proteinuria• sign edema symptom convulsion , coma

blood examination • assistant liver and renal functions examination funduscopy of eyes others

Page 11: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Differential diagnosis

• Essential hypertension and chronic nephritis

• convulsive disorders

Page 12: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Influence on mother and fetus

• On mother :

HELLP syndrome hemolysis ( 溶血) elevated liver enzymes (肝酶升高) low platelet count (血小板减少)

• On fetus :

Page 13: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Prevention

• The prenatal care in time• adequate nutrition and rest• the predetective diagnosis :

mean arterial blood pressure

roll over test

blood variation

calcium amount in urine

Page 14: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Management• Mild cases

A rest B diet C medication :

phnobarbital (苯巴比妥) diazepam (安定)

Page 15: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Moderate and severe cases • A antiseptic medicine

magnesium sulfate (硫酸镁)• B sedative drugs

hibernation mixture I (冬眠 1 号)

diazepam• C antihypertensive drugs• D expansive volume treatment

albumin (白蛋白) plasma (血浆) whole blood (全血)

Page 16: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

Moderate and severe cases

• E Diuretics: furosemide (速尿)

20% mannitol (甘露醇)• F Termination of pregnancy a indications :

b methods : induction of labor (引产)

cesarean section (剖宫产)• G The management of eclampsia a controlling convulsion

b nursing

c closely monitoring

Page 17: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

内皮细胞损伤

影响 症状病理 处理治疗指征

I UGR胎儿窘迫死胎死产

心肌缺血脑出血脑血栓肾 (衰 急性)肺水肿

全身小动脉痉挛

管腔狭小阻力增大

通透性增加

高血压

蛋白渗漏

体液渗漏

血液浓缩

水肿

蛋白尿

140/ 90≤BP<160/ 110mm

Hg无头疼

全身性水肿

抽搐昏迷

脑水肿,腹水

HCT≥ 0. 35

≥ 1.血浆黏度 6≥ 3. 6全血黏度

1. 020尿比重>

一般治疗

降压

解痉

镇静

降脑压

利尿

,休息 左侧卧位,饮食

ACE- Ⅰ 类钙通道拮抗剂a-受体抑制剂

硫酸镁 (注意毒性反应)

安定,冬眠类药物

避免刺激,护栏,压舌板

甘露醇

速尿,甘露醇

白蛋白,血浆右旋糖苷,全血

扩容

子痫护理

头晕头痛

DP≥ 110 ormABP≥ >120

胎盘

胎盘早剥

血管扩张剂

Page 18: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)

病 例 张平,女, 36 岁,以“停经九个月,胎动五个

月,双下肢浮肿两周,头晕眼花一小时。”为主诉入院。早孕反应及胎动如期出现,两周前无明显诱因双下肢浮肿,休息后无好转。一小时前出现头晕眼花。既往无高血压,慢性肾炎病史。

查体: T36.7℃, P78 次 / 分, BP175/110mmHg, 心肺听诊无异常,腹膨隆,足月腹型, LOA ,浮肿 +++ 。

实验室检查:血常规示 PL258G/L, HGB108g / L, HCT0.45 。尿常规示蛋白 +++ 。

辅助检查: B 超示 BPD9.0cm, FL7.2cm ,胎盘钙化Ⅱ级。 NST 有反应型。

Page 19: Pregnancy-induced   hypertension syndrome  (PIH)