pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (pih)
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Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome (PIH). 妊娠高血压综合征. pathogenesis. The factors of PIH - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
syndrome (PIH)
妊娠高血压综合征
pathogenesis
• The factors of PIH • the theories of pathogenesis
A utero-placental ischemia theory B Neuro-endocrine theory C immunological theory(ABO;HLA) D DIC theory E others : endothelin(ET-- 内皮素)
calcium shorting
Pathophysiologic changes
Widespread arteriolar spasm
three main symptoms:
hypertension
proteinuria
edema
Pathologic changes in main organs ①
• Brain : localized and spot hemorrhage (局灶性,点状出血) thrombosis (栓塞) softening (软化) • heart : fibrin thrombi (纤维栓塞) focal necrosis (灶性坏死)
Pathologic changes in main organs ②
• Liver : periportal hemorrhagic necrosis (门脉周围出血坏死)
• kidneys :
• placenta : atherosclerosis IUGR--intrauterine growth retardation ( 宫内发育迟缓)
Classification of PIH syndromecl assi fi cati on-cati ou
cri teri a
BP edema protei n u r i a
Mi l d
Moderate present
>18.7/12KPa(140/90mmHg or >4/2KPa)
(30/15mmHg) thanbasi c BP
<21.3/14.6KPa160/110mmHg
≥ 21.3/14.6KPa persrent
wi th symptomssever
+
+ ++ +++
mi l d
con v u l s i o n
preecl amp s i aecl ampsi a si onvul
si a
unclassification
• Edema : edema spreading to the thighs or above
• proteinueia : (+) or more
• chronic hypertension
Clinical findings
• Mild PIH syndrome
• moderate PIH syndrome• severe PIH syndrome
prepartal eclampsia (产前子痫)
partal eclampsia ( 产时子痫)
postpartal eclampsia (产后子痫)
diagnosis• History hypertension proteinuria• sign edema symptom convulsion , coma
blood examination • assistant liver and renal functions examination funduscopy of eyes others
Differential diagnosis
• Essential hypertension and chronic nephritis
• convulsive disorders
Influence on mother and fetus
• On mother :
HELLP syndrome hemolysis ( 溶血) elevated liver enzymes (肝酶升高) low platelet count (血小板减少)
• On fetus :
Prevention
• The prenatal care in time• adequate nutrition and rest• the predetective diagnosis :
mean arterial blood pressure
roll over test
blood variation
calcium amount in urine
Management• Mild cases
A rest B diet C medication :
phnobarbital (苯巴比妥) diazepam (安定)
Moderate and severe cases • A antiseptic medicine
magnesium sulfate (硫酸镁)• B sedative drugs
hibernation mixture I (冬眠 1 号)
diazepam• C antihypertensive drugs• D expansive volume treatment
albumin (白蛋白) plasma (血浆) whole blood (全血)
Moderate and severe cases
• E Diuretics: furosemide (速尿)
20% mannitol (甘露醇)• F Termination of pregnancy a indications :
b methods : induction of labor (引产)
cesarean section (剖宫产)• G The management of eclampsia a controlling convulsion
b nursing
c closely monitoring
内皮细胞损伤
影响 症状病理 处理治疗指征
I UGR胎儿窘迫死胎死产
心肌缺血脑出血脑血栓肾 (衰 急性)肺水肿
全身小动脉痉挛
管腔狭小阻力增大
通透性增加
高血压
蛋白渗漏
体液渗漏
血液浓缩
水肿
蛋白尿
140/ 90≤BP<160/ 110mm
Hg无头疼
全身性水肿
抽搐昏迷
脑水肿,腹水
HCT≥ 0. 35
≥ 1.血浆黏度 6≥ 3. 6全血黏度
1. 020尿比重>
一般治疗
降压
解痉
镇静
降脑压
利尿
,休息 左侧卧位,饮食
ACE- Ⅰ 类钙通道拮抗剂a-受体抑制剂
硫酸镁 (注意毒性反应)
安定,冬眠类药物
避免刺激,护栏,压舌板
甘露醇
速尿,甘露醇
白蛋白,血浆右旋糖苷,全血
扩容
子痫护理
头晕头痛
DP≥ 110 ormABP≥ >120
胎盘
胎盘早剥
儿
母
血管扩张剂
病 例 张平,女, 36 岁,以“停经九个月,胎动五个
月,双下肢浮肿两周,头晕眼花一小时。”为主诉入院。早孕反应及胎动如期出现,两周前无明显诱因双下肢浮肿,休息后无好转。一小时前出现头晕眼花。既往无高血压,慢性肾炎病史。
查体: T36.7℃, P78 次 / 分, BP175/110mmHg, 心肺听诊无异常,腹膨隆,足月腹型, LOA ,浮肿 +++ 。
实验室检查:血常规示 PL258G/L, HGB108g / L, HCT0.45 。尿常规示蛋白 +++ 。
辅助检查: B 超示 BPD9.0cm, FL7.2cm ,胎盘钙化Ⅱ级。 NST 有反应型。