presentación de powerpoint - unesp€¦ · e prova 3 . title: presentación de powerpoint author:...
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![Page 1: Presentación de PowerPoint - Unesp€¦ · e Prova 3 . Title: Presentación de PowerPoint Author: Luffi Created Date: 6/19/2018 1:12:38 PM](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062506/5f076bd07e708231d41ce696/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Disciplina de Bioquímica Estrutural
Curso de Biologia
Enzimas – Regulação
Prof. Marcos Túlio de Oliveira
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”
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Enzimas
GRANDE maioria formada por proteínas
(algumas enzimas são formadas por RNA)
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Enzimas
GRANDE maioria formada por proteínas
(algumas enzimas são formadas por RNA)
Função:
CATALIZADORES de reações químicas
(aceleração das reações químicas,
especificidade pelo substrato,
funcionam em diversas condições de temperatura e pH)
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Enzimas
+ +
A energia de ativação é monstruosa!!!
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
como a reação progride
mudança de
energia durante
a reação
variação de energia livre
padrão (bioquímica)
energias de
ativação
É aqui que as enzimas
agem!!!
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
energia de
ativação SEM
catalizador
energia de
ativação COM
catalizador
intermediários da
reação
passo limitante
da reação
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
enzima
sítio ativo
(catalítico)
substrato formação de
ligações
covalentes
transientes
com o
substrato!
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
Intermediário
ES
(E e S ligados
covalentemente)
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
enzima
sítio ativo
(catalítico)
substrato
formação de
várias ligações
fracas dão
especificidade
para ES!
sítio de ligação
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
energia de
ligação
Maior fonte
de energia
livre usada
por enzimas
para abaixar
as energias de
ativação das
reações
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
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Como Enzimas Funcionam...
substrato
estado de
transição
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Determinar a taxa (velocidade) da reação e como esta
muda em resposta a mudanças nos parâmetros
experimentais – abordagem central para estudar o
mecanismo de reações catalisadas por enzimas.
Cinética Enzimática
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Equação de Michaelis-Menten:
Cinética Enzimática
V0 = Vmax [S]
Km + [S]
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Cinética Enzimática
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Inibição Enzimática
irreversível
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Inibição Enzimática
reversível
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Inibição Enzimática
Vmax não
muda
Km aumenta
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Inibição Enzimática
Vmax diminui
Km diminui
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Inibição Enzimática
Vmax diminui
Km aumenta
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Enzimas Reguladoras
presentes em sistemas multienzimáticos...
+ +
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Enzimas Reguladoras
geralmente possuem
subunidades múltiplas...
sítio ativo e sítio(s) regulador(es)
em subunidades separadas
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Enzimas Alostéricas
formas mais ou menos
ativas são geradas por
alterações de
conformação induzidas
por um ou mais
moduladores...
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Enzimas Alostéricas
formas mais ou menos ativas são
geradas por alterações de
conformação induzidas por um ou
mais moduladores...
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Enzimas Alostéricas
X
hiperbólica sigmóide
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Enzimas Alostéricas
alteração no K0.5
alteração na Vmax
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Modificações Covalentes Reversíveis
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Modificações Covalentes Reversíveis
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Modificações Covalentes Reversíveis
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Proproteínas, Proenzimas e Zimogênios
precursor inativo que precisa ser clivado para gerar a
forma ativa...
modificações irreversíveis
pró-colágeno → colágeno
fibrogênio → fibrina
protrombina → trombina
pró-insulina → insulina
quimotripsinogênio → quimotripsina
tripsinogênio → tripsina
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Proproteínas, Proenzimas e Zimogênios
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Proproteínas, Proenzimas e Zimogênios
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Disciplina de Bioquímica Estrutural
Curso de Biologia
Próxima aula: 26/06 – Entrega de Estudo Dirigido
e Prova 3