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D I S U S U N O L E H :

K E L O M P O K 4

DEKLARASI RIO 1992



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DEKLARASIRIO 1992

LATARBELAKANG

PRINSIP-PRINSIP



LATAR BELAKANG DEKLARASI RIO 1992

1. Konferensi Internsion! PBB tentn" Lin"#$n"nHi%$& Mn$si ' United Nations Conference on the

Human Environment ) %i Sto(#)o!*+ S,e%i t)$n

1922. L&orn r$n%!nt t)$n 19/ o!e) World

Commission on Environment and Development(WCED)

0. KTT B$*i ' Earth Summit) &% t)$n 1992 %i Rio%e neiro+ Bri!.



Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi (KTT)Bumi di Rio deJaneiro, Brazil pada

Juni 1992 => prinsip

pemangunan erkelan!utandengan pendekatan aspekkependudukan, lingkungan dan

pemangunanerkelan!utan (" dokumen #gdi$asilkan)%1& 'eklarasi Rio de Janeiro2& enda 21

(#



DEKLARASI RIO 1992

3$" %i#en! %en"n “Earth Chapter” ter%iri ts 2&rinsi& 4n" *e*($ %n *e*&r#rsi #er3 s*internsion!+ &er!$n4 &e*n"$nn %i!n3$t#n

%en"n &rinsi& &er!in%$n"n !in"#$n"n+ %n &er!$%n4 n!isis *en"eni %*&# !in"#$n"n.



Prin(i&!e 1

H$*n ein"s re t t)e (entre of (on(erns fors$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent. T)e4 re entit!e% to )e!t)4 n% &ro%$(ti5e !ife in )r*on4 ,it) nt$re.



Prinsi& 2

Sttes )5e+ in ((or%n(e ,it) t)e 6)rter of t)e7nite% Ntions n% t)e &rin(i&!es of interntion!!,+ t)e so5erei"n ri")t to e8&!oit t)eir o,n

reso$r(es &$rs$nt to t)eir o,n en5iron*ent! n%%e5e!o&*ent! &o!i(ies+ n% t)e res&onsii!it4 toens$re t)t (ti5ities ,it)in t)eir 3$ris%i(tion or(ontro! %o not ($se %*"e to t)e en5iron*ent of

ot)er Sttes or of res e4on% t)e !i*its of ntion! 3$ris%i(tion.



Prin(i&!e 0

T)e ri")t to %e5e!o&*ent *$st e f$!fi!!e% so s toe$it!4 *eet %e5e!o&*ent! n% en5iron*ent!nee%s of &resent n% f$t$re "enertions.



Prin(i&!e :

In or%er to ()ie5e s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent+en5iron*ent! &rote(tion s)!! (onstit$te n inte"r!&rt of t)e %e5e!o&*ent &ro(ess n% (nnot e(onsi%ere% in iso!tion fro* it.



Prin(i&!e ;

A!! Sttes n% !! &eo&!e s)!! (oo&erte in t)eessenti! ts# of er%i(tin" &o5ert4 s nin%is&ens!e re$ire*ent for s$stin!e%e5e!o&*ent+ in or%er to %e(rese t)e %is&rities instn%r%s of !i5in" n% etter *eet t)e nee%s of t)e*3orit4 of t)e &eo&!e of t)e ,or!%.



Prin(i&!e <

T)e s&e(i! sit$tion n% nee%s of %e5e!o&in"(o$ntries+ &rti($!r!4 t)e !est %e5e!o&e% n% t)ose*ost en5iron*ent!!4 5$!ner!e+ s)!! e "i5ens&e(i! &riorit4.

Interntion! (tions in t)e fie!% of en5iron*ent n%%e5e!o&*ent s)o$!% !so %%ress t)e interests n%nee%s of !! (o$ntries.



Prin(i&!e

Sttes s)!! (oo&erte in s&irit of "!o! &rtners)i& to(onser5e+ &rote(t n% restore t)e )e!t) n% inte"rit4 oft)e Ert)=s e(os4ste*

In 5ie, of t)e %ifferent (ontri$tions to "!o!en5iron*ent! %e"r%tion+ Sttes )5e (o**on $t%ifferentite% res&onsii!ities.

T)e %e5e!o&e% (o$ntries (#no,!e%"e t)e res&onsii!it4t)t t)e4 er in t)e interntion! &$rs$it of s$stin!e%e5e!o&*ent in 5ie, of t)e &ress$res t)eir so(ieties&!(e on t)e "!o! en5iron*ent n% of t)e te()no!o"iesn% finn(i! reso$r(es t)e4 (o**n%.



Prin(i&!e /

To ()ie5e s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent n% )i")er$!it4 of !ife for !! &eo&!e+ Sttes s)o$!% re%$(e n%e!i*inte $ns$stin!e &tterns of &ro%$(tion n%(ons$*&tion n% &ro*ote &&ro&rite %e*o"r&)i(&o!i(ies.



Prin(i&!e 9

Sttes s)o$!% (oo&erte to stren"t)en en%o"eno$s(&(it4-$i!%in" for s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent 4i*&ro5in" s(ientifi( $n%erstn%in" t)ro$")e8()n"es of s(ientifi( n% te()no!o"i(! #no,!e%"e+n% 4 en)n(in" t)e %e5e!o&*ent+ %&ttion+%iff$sion n% trnsfer of te()no!o"ies+ in(!$%in" ne,n% inno5ti5e te()no!o"ies.



Prin(i&!e 1>

En5iron*ent! iss$es re est )n%!e% ,it) t)e &rti(i&tionof !! (on(erne% (itiens+ t t)e re!e5nt !e5e!.

At t)e ntion! !e5e!+ e() in%i5i%$! s)!! )5e &&ro&rite((ess to infor*tion (on(ernin" t)e en5iron*ent t)t is

)e!% 4 &$!i( $t)orities+ in(!$%in" infor*tion on)r%o$s *teri!s n% (ti5ities in t)eir (o**$nities+ n%t)e o&&ort$nit4 to &rti(i&te in %e(ision-*#in" &ro(esses

Sttes s)!! f(i!itte n% en(o$r"e &$!i( ,reness n%

&rti(i&tion 4 *#in" infor*tion ,i%e!4 5i!!e.Effe(ti5e ((ess to 3$%i(i! n% %*inistrti5e &ro(ee%in"s+

in(!$%in" re%ress n% re*e%4+ s)!! e &ro5i%e%.



Prin(i&!e 11

Sttes s)!! en(t effe(ti5e en5iron*ent! !e"is!tion.Ne"r-ne"r )r$s *e*er!#$#n $n%n"-$n%n" !in"#$n"n 4n" efe#tif. En5iron*ent!stn%r%s+ *n"e*ent o3e(ti5es n% &rioritiess)o$!% ref!e(t t)e en5iron*ent! n% %e5e!o&*ent!(onte8t to ,)i() t)e4 &&!4.

Stn%r%s &&!ie% 4 so*e (o$ntries *4 e

in&&ro&rite n% of $n,rrnte% e(ono*i( n%so(i! (ost to ot)er (o$ntries+ in &rti($!r%e5e!o&in" (o$ntries.



Prin(i&!e 12

Sttes s)o$!% (oo&erte to &ro*ote s$&&orti5e n% o&eninterntion! e(ono*i( s4ste* t)t ,o$!% !e% to e(ono*i("ro,t) n% s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent in !! (o$ntries+ to etter%%ress t)e &ro!e*s of en5iron*ent! %e"r%tion.

Tr%e &o!i(4 *es$res for en5iron*ent! &$r&oses s)o$!% not(onstit$te *ens of ritrr4 or $n3$stifi!e %is(ri*intion or %is"$ise% restri(tion on interntion! tr%e.

7ni!ter! (tions to %e! ,it) en5iron*ent! ()!!en"es o$tsi%et)e 3$ris%i(tion of t)e i*&ortin" (o$ntr4 s)o$!% e 5oi%e%.

n5iron*ent! *es$res %%ressin" trnso$n%r4 or "!o!en5iron*ent! &ro!e*s s)o$!%+ s fr s &ossi!e+ e se% onn interntion! (onsens$s.



PRIN6IPLE 10

Sttes s)!! %e5e!o& ntion! !, re"r%in" !ii!it4n% (o*&enstion for t)e 5i(ti*s of &o!!$tion n%ot)er en5iron*ent! %*"e.

Sttes s)!! !so (oo&erte in n e8&e%itio$s n%*ore %eter*ine% *nner to %e5e!o& f$rt)erinterntion! !, re"r%in" !ii!it4 n%(o*&enstion for %5erse effe(ts of en5iron*ent!

%*"e ($se% 4 (ti5ities ,it)in t)eir 3$ris%i(tionor (ontro! to res e4on% t)eir 3$ris%i(tion.



PRIN6IPLE 1:

Sttes s)o$!% effe(ti5e!4 (oo&erte to %is(o$r"e or&re5ent t)e re!o(tion n% trnsfer to ot)er Sttes ofn4 (ti5ities n% s$stn(es t)t ($se se5ereen5iron*ent! %e"r%tion or re fo$n% to e)r*f$! to )$*n )e!t).



PRIN6IPLE 1;

In or%er to &rote(t t)e en5iron*ent+ t)e&re($tionr4 &&ro() s)!! e ,i%e!4 &&!ie% 4Sttes ((or%in" to t)eir (&i!ities.

?)ere t)ere re t)rets of serio$s or irre5ersi!e%*"e+ !(# of f$!! s(ientifi( (ertint4 s)!! not e$se% s reson for &ost&onin" (ost-effe(ti5e*es$res to &re5ent en5iron*ent! %e"r%tion.



PRIN6IPLE 1<

Ntion! $t)orities s)o$!% en%e5o$r to &ro*otet)e intern!ition of en5iron*ent! (osts n% t)e$se of e(ono*i( instr$*ents+ t#in" into ((o$nt t)e&&ro() t)t t)e &o!!$ter s)o$!%+ in &rin(i&!e+ ert)e (ost of &o!!$tion+ ,it) %$e re"r% to t)e &$!i(interest n% ,it)o$t %istortin" interntion! tr%en% in5est*ent.



PRINSIPLE 1

En5iron*ent! i*&(t ssess*ent+ s ntion!instr$*ent+ s)!! e $n%ert#en for &ro&ose%(ti5ities t)t re !i#e!4 to )5e si"nifi(nt %5ersei*&(t on t)e en5iron*ent n% re s$3e(t to %e(ision of (o*&etent ntion! $t)orit4.



PRINSIPLE 1/

Sttes s)!! i**e%ite!4 notif4 ot)er Sttes of n4nt$r! %issters or ot)er e*er"en(ies t)t re !i#e!4to &ro%$(e s$%%en )r*f$! effe(ts on t)een5iron*ent of t)ose Sttes.

5er4 effort s)!! e *%e 4 t)e interntion!(o**$nit4 to )e!& Sttes so ff!i(te%.



PRIN6IPLE 19

Sttes s)!! &ro5i%e &rior n% ti*e!4 notifi(tion n%re!e5nt infor*tion to &otenti!!4 ffe(te% Sttes on(ti5ities t)t *4 )5e si"nifi(nt %5ersetrnso$n%r4 en5iron*ent! effe(t n% s)!!(ons$!t ,it) t)ose Sttes t n er!4 st"e n% in"oo% fit).



Prin(i&!e 2>

?o*en )5e 5it! ro!e in en5iron*ent!*n"e*ent n% %e5e!o&*ent.

T)eir f$!! &rti(i&tion is t)erefore essenti! to

()ie5e s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent.



Prin(i&!e 21

T)e (reti5it4+ i%e!s n% (o$r"e of t)e 4o$t) of t)e ,or!% s)o$!% e *oi!ie% to for"e "!o!&rtners)i& in or%er to ()ie5e s$stin!e%e5e!o&*ent n% ens$re etter f$t$re for !!.



Prin(i&!e 20

T)e en5iron*ent n% nt$r! reso$r(es of &eo&!e$n%er o&&ression+ %o*intion n% o(($&tion s)!!

e &rote(te%.



Prin(i&!e 2:

?rfre is in)erent!4 %estr$(ti5e of s$stin!e%e5e!o&*ent.

Sttes s)!! t)erefore res&e(t interntion! !,

&ro5i%in" &rote(tion for t)e en5iron*ent in ti*es ofr*e% (onf!i(t n% (oo&erte in its f$rt)er%e5e!o&*ent+ s ne(essr4.



Prin(i&!e 2;

Pe(e+ %e5e!o&*ent n% en5iron*ent! &rote(tionre inter%e&en%ent n% in%i5isi!e.



Prin(i&!e 2<

Sttes s)!! reso!5e !! t)eir en5iron*ent! %is&$tes&e(ef$!!4 n% 4 &&ro&rite *ens in ((or%n(e

,it) t)e 6)rter of t)e 7nite% Ntions.



Prin(i&!e 2

Sttes n% &eo&!e s)!! (oo&erte in "oo% fit) n%in s&irit of &rtners)i& in t)e f$!fi!*ent of t)e&rin(i&!es e*o%ie% in t)is De(!rtion n% in t)ef$rt)er %e5e!o&*ent of interntion! !, in t)e fie!%of s$stin!e %e5e!o&*ent.

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