presentation bt.ppt

7/29/2019 Presentation bt.ppt

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Scope &

Future of

Biotechnology


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Norman Borlaug, Ph.D.Professor, Texas A&M University

Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, 1970

I believe the world will be able to produce the

food needed to feed the projected population ofabout 8.3 billion in the year 2025but it cannot

be attained without permitting the use of

technologies now available or without research to

further improve and utilize new technologies,including biotechnology and recombinant DNA.

24.


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Food

Security

Nutritional

Security

Health

Security

Environ-mentalSecurity

Livelihood

Security

Sustainable Development

Biotechnology

Route


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Its Scope: Areas to be Focused UponGenomics Bioinformatics

Agriculture, Plantand Animal

Biotechnology

Environment and

Biodiversity

MedicalBiotechnology

Bio fuels

Bioprocesses,Product

Development, andBioinstrumentation

Nano -Biotechnology

Bio sensorsBio safety, Ethicaland Proprietary

Issues

ImmunotechnologyStem cell

techniques

New DNAtechnologies

Biological WarfareInstitutional

DevelopmentHuman Resource

Development


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Genomics To generate diagnostic and therapeutic

products for dreadful diseases like

malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, cancer andbrain disorders by exploiting the

knowledge created by Human Genome

Sequencing and also that of some

pathogenic organisms and parasites.

Identifying genomic factors responsible

for genetic disorders.

Development of molecular diagnostics

and personalised drugs for the

treatment, understanding of the

biochemical pathways of the diseases

leading to a safe and powerful

treatment regime.

Creation of microarray facilities for

defining the expression and functions of

genes.


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Bioinformatics Development of new algorithms,

softwares and tools for data mining and

data warehousing applications especiallyrelated to human, plant and microbial

genomes.

Establishment of small software groups

and companies to develop competence

for identification of useful genes. These goals would be realised through an

institutional framework of a national-level

autonomous bioinformatics centre.

Training of personnel would be expanded

many fold to train atleast 200 personnelper year to have a core group of 1000

trained experts in five years.


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Agriculture, Plant and Animal

Biotechnology

Yield enhancement

Nutritional quality improvement

Biofertilizers and Biopesticides

Bioprospecting and MolecularTaxonomy

Plant Tissue Culture

Herbal Drugs and Nutraceuticals

Animal Biotechnology


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(Science (2002)

295:1443)


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Environment and Biodiversity Collection, Conservation and

Sustainable Use of Bio-diversity Bioremediation

Waste recycling and wasteland

reclamation

Development of biosensors,bioindicators.

Ecosystem-specific projects

with biotechnological

interventions - desert, islands,coastal, mangroves and

mountain, for damaged

ecosystems.


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Medical Biotechnology Continued efforts on newer vaccines

specially for malaria, tuberculosis, cholera,

HIV, rabies, and Japanese Encephalitis,

which should be ready in the next 2-5

years.

Multidisciplinary projects on gene therapy

and stem cell research.

Suitable, cost-effective diagnostics forinfectious, genetic and malignant diseases/

disorders, low-cost kits for steroid and

reproductive hormones.

Developing strategies for prevention and

cure of diseases induced by faulty diet,

lifestyle and immunological disorders such

as juvenile diabetes, coronary heart

disease, obesity and anaemia.

Molecular medicine approaches for

cancers and cardiovascular disorders.

Research into reproductive human healthand contraception.


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Bio fuels Biofuels are gaining increased public

and scientific attention, driven by

factors such as oil price hikes and theneed for increased energy security.

Biofuels include fuels derived

from biomass conversion, as well as

solid biomass, liquid fuels and

various biogases.


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Bioprocesses, Product Development,and Bioinstrumentation

Bioprocesses have become widely usedin several fields of commercial

biotechnology, such as production of

enzymes (used, for example, in food

processing and waste management)

and antibiotics.

Can be loosely divided into four major

areas:

(1) large-scale food processing,

(2) the manufacture of fine chemicals and

small-molecule pharmaceuticals,(3) the production of recombinant protein

therapeutics (biologics), and

(4) the generation of renewable energy.


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Nano -Biotechnology

Nanobiotechnology, refers to the

ways that nanotechnology is used

to create devices to study

biological systems.

Helping modern medicine

progress from treating symptoms

to generating cures and

regenerating biological tissues.


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Bio sensors

A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte that combines a

biological component with a physicochemical detector.

A common example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose biosensor Environmental applications e.g. the detection of pesticides and river water contaminants

such as heavy metal ions[.

Remote sensing of airborne bacteria e.g. in counter-bioterrorist activities.

Detection of pathogens

Determining levels of toxic substances before and after bioremediation Determination of drug residues in food, such as antibiotics and growth promoters,

particularly meat and honey.

Bi f E hi l d P i


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Bio safety, Ethical and Proprietary

Issues Establishing transparent, expeditious and scientific principles of bio safety and

rigorous implementation of the bio safety guidelines to be ensured.

Wherever necessary, testing, containment and certification facilities to be

established.

For safeguarding ethical, legal social and economic issues relating to

biotechnology research, product testing of GM food, labeling, policy guidelines to

be perfected and regionally implemented.

Disseminating knowledge and safeguarding Intellectual Property Rights.


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Immunotechnology Such as monoclonal antibodies (MABs)

for diagnosis and therapy.

Organ transplantation

Stem cell techniques: Which would

involve purification and isolation of

stem cells from various tissues and

develop into the desired tissue which

could then be used, for example, fortransplantation. Stem cells can be either

totipotent (have the capability to

produce any desired cell type or organ

of the body under specific conditions) or

they could be pluripotent (able todevelop into several though not all cell

types or organs).


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New DNA Technologies

These include DNA fingerprinting,

sequencing of genomes,development and use of new

molecular markers for plant

identification and characterization.

Also the development of DNA based

probes for diagnosis of inheriteddisorders, antisense technologies

that are aimed at blockage of the

function of a particular stretch of

DNA and computing using DNA.

DNA vaccines: Which would be muchcheaper than protein antigen-based

vaccines that are generally used

today

Bi l i l W f


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Biological Warfare

This is defined as the employment of biological agents to

produce casualties in man or animals or damage to plants.

Prompt diagnosis and early interventions could reduce

morbidity and mortality, and mitigate the effects of a

biological attack.


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Institutional Development

Biotechnology parks, repositories, hardening units, genome

sequencing facilities, new centres of excellence as per the need

to be created.

Strengthening of existing infrastructure facilities with expansion

wherever necessary.

Creation of centres of excellence in frontier areas in existinginstitutions, and where necessary, start new centres in carefully

chosen frontier areas.


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Human Resource Development

A major expansion of human resource

development programmed to cover all the

universities and in some cases, even colleges to

introduce biotechnology education and training.

Developing mechanisms for training of the

faculty with the provision of 50 teachers per year

for a period of 5 years. At least 1000 students per

year would be trained to generate a strong work

force of 15000-20000 in ten years. Short term

and long term training for target groups, young

scientists and industry


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Future

ResearchAssociate

ResearchScientist

Engineer

(Chemical,Electrical,

Environmentaland Industrial)

Salesrepresent

-ative

Marketing

Businessdevelopment

manager

Academics/EducationalInstitutions


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Top Companies of Biotechnology in

India

Biocon

Panacea Biotec

Wockhardt

Nicholas Piramal GlaxoSmithKline

Serum Institute of India

Bharat Serum

Zydus Pharmaceuticals

Cadila Pharmaceuticals

Krebs Biochemicals and Industries Limited

Indian Immunologicals


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