PresentationPresentation ofof thethe System System

ofof OrganisingOrganising CrisisCrisis InterventionIntervention

for for thethe VictimsVictims ofof ViolenceViolence

inin PolandPoland

Liliana KrzywickaLiliana Krzywicka

TheThe BoardBoard ofof ExpertsExperts for for PreventionPrevention ofof DomesticDomestic FamilyFamily atat PARPA PARPA((StateState AgencyAgency for for PreventionPrevention ofof AlcoholAlcohol RelatedRelated ProblemsProblems))

CrisisCrisis InterventionIntervention CentreCentre MOPS ( MOPS (MunicipalMunicipal SocialSocial WelfareWelfare CentreCentre))KatowiceKatowice

TheThe ActAct on on PreventingPreventing DomesticDomestic

ViolenceViolence – – thethe amendmentamendment

DeterminesDetermines::

�� TasksTasks ofof governmentgovernment andand self-governmentself-governmentadministrationadministration inin thethe scopescope ofof domesticdomestic violenceviolencepreventionprevention

�� ProceduresProcedures for for approachingapproaching victimsvictimsofof domesticdomestic violenceviolence

�� ProceduresProcedures for for approachingapproaching perpetratorsperpetratorsofof domesticdomestic violenceviolence

LegislativeLegislative solutionssolutions – – thethe ActAct on on

PreventingPreventing ViolenceViolence withinwithin a a FamilyFamily

�� IntroducesIntroduces a a definitiondefinition ofof violenceviolence as: as:

a single a single oror repetitiverepetitive wilfulwilful actionaction oror neglectneglectviolatingviolating thethe rightsrights oror personalpersonal interestsinterests ofof personspersons,,inin particularparticular anan actionaction oror neglectneglect exposingexposing thethesaidsaid personspersons to to thethe riskrisk ofof thethe lossloss ofof lifelife, , healthhealthandand impairingimpairing theirtheir dignitydignity, , bodilybodily inviolabilityinviolability,,freedomfreedom, , includingincluding sexualsexual freedomfreedom, , andand causingcausingharmharm to to theirtheir physicalphysical andand mentalmental healthhealth as as wellwell as asinflictinginflicting sufferingsuffering andand moralmoral injuryinjury on on personspersonsaffectedaffected by by violenceviolence..

DomesticDomestic violenceviolence preventionprevention

systemsystem

�� TheThe Minister Minister competentcompetent for for thethe socialsocial

securitysecurity

TheThe NationalNational ProgrammeProgramme for for PreventingPreventing

ViolenceViolence withinwithin a a FamilyFamily – – appointsappoints

thethe programmeprogramme coordinatorcoordinator

TasksTasks::

�� VoivodeshipVoivodeship ( (regionalregional) ) self-governmentself-government

�� VoivodeshipVoivodeship programmeprogramme for for preventingpreventing

violenceviolence withinwithin a a familyfamily

�� PromotingPromoting newnew solutionssolutions withinwithin thethe scopescope ofof

pvwfpvwf

�� FrameworkFramework programmesprogrammes for for victimsvictims

protectionprotection

�� OrganisingOrganising trainingstrainings

Voivode’sVoivode’s taskstasks::

�� InstructionalInstructional materialsmaterials

�� Monitoring Monitoring thethe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence

�� AppointingAppointing thethe VoivodeshipVoivodeship CoordinatorCoordinator for forPreventionPrevention ofof DomesticDomestic ViolenceViolence

�� Monitoring Monitoring thethe NationalNational ProgrammeProgramme for for PreventionPreventionofof ViolenceViolence withinwithin a a FamilyFamily

�� SupervisingSupervising thethe performance performance ofof taskstasks by by thethecommunecommune, , poviatpoviat andand voivodeshipvoivodeship self-self-governmentgovernment

�� ControlControl overover thethe performance performance ofof taskstasks by by non-non-publicpublic entitiesentities

TheThe ActAct on PVWF – on PVWF – thethe amendmentamendment

�� PreventivePreventive//interventionintervention//supportsupport actionsactions

- - communecommune system for system for preventingpreventing violenceviolence withinwithin a a familyfamily andanda a victimsvictims protectionprotection programmeprogramme

WorkingWorking by by thethe mothodmothod ofof interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary teamsteams

�� InterventionIntervention actionsactions

- a - a possibilitypossibility ofof separatingseparating thethe perpetratorperpetrator fromfrom thethe victimvictim

- - anan order to order to leaveleave thethe premisespremises

- a - a barringbarring order order

IntroducingIntroducing anan interventionintervention procedureprocedure calledcalled thethe " "BlueBlue CardCard""amongamong thethe servicesservices andand institutionsinstitutions

TheThe ActAct ofof 10 10 JuneJune 2010 2010

�� TheThe commune’scommune’s ownown taskstasks::

�� A A communecommune programmeprogramme for for preventionprevention ofofviolenceviolence withinwithin a a familyfamily

�� CounsellingCounselling andand interventionintervention withinwithin thethescopescope ofof pvwfpvwf

�� VictimsVictims protectionprotection programmeprogramme

�� PlacesPlaces inin supportsupport centrescentres

�� Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams

TheThe amendmentamendment ofof thethe ActAct

�� TheThe taskstasks ofof thethe poviatpoviat::

�� PlacesPlaces inin thethe supportsupport centrescentres

�� PlacesPlaces inin thethe interventionintervention centrescentres

�� TheThe taskstasks ofof governmentgovernment administrationadministration: : thethebudgetbudget

�� SpecialistSpecialist supportsupport centrescentres

�� CorrectiveCorrective andand educationaleducational programmesprogrammes for forpeoplepeople committingcommitting violenceviolence

WorkWork by by meansmeans ofof anan

interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary teamsteams methodmethod

AnAn interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary team team – – representativesrepresentatives ofof

servicesservices, , institutionsinstitutions andand non-governmentalnon-governmental

organisationsorganisations actingacting inin thethe domaindomain ofof

domesticdomestic violenceviolence preventionprevention

TypesTypes ofof teamsteams::

�� Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams – –strategicstrategic levellevel

( (theythey meetmeet atat leastleast everyevery 3 3 monthsmonths))

�� executingexecuting actionsactions as part as part ofof thethe policypolicy ofof solvingsolving thetheproblem problem ofof violenceviolence withinwithin thethe communecommune

TheThe team team maymay appointappoint workwork groupsgroups for for handlinghandling individualindividualcasescases

�� WorkWork groupsgroups – –operationaloperational levellevel

(i(in n thethe eventevent ofof initiatinginitiating thethe BC BC procedureprocedure, , ifif necessarynecessary))

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams, art.9a, art.9a

A team – A team – isis appointedappointed by by anan ordinanceordinance ofof a a mayormayor / / presidentpresident,,thethe rulesrules for for appointingappointing andand thethe conditionsconditions ofof operationoperation ofofthethe teamsteams areare determineddetermined by by thethe resolutionresolution ofof thetheCommuneCommune CouncilCouncil

TheThe compositioncomposition – – thethe representativesrepresentatives::

-- SocialSocial WelfareWelfare CentreCentre (OPS) (OPS)

-- CommuneCommune CommitteeCommittee for for DomesticDomestic ViolenceViolence PreventionPrevention

-- thethe Police Police

-- ProbationProbation officersofficers, as , as wellwell

-- EducationEducation

-- HealthHealth serviceservice

-- Non-governmentalNon-governmental organisationsorganisations..

Team Team compositioncomposition

�� TheThe ActAct obligatorilyobligatorily determinesdetermines

7 7 institutionsinstitutions makingmaking upup thethe Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary

TeamTeam

�� HowHow to to engageengage thethe personspersons not not providedprovided for for

inin thethe ActAct ? ?

- - peoplepeople engagedengaged currentlycurrently

- - referringreferring to to advantagesadvantages

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams

�� TheThe leader leader ofof a team a team shallshall be be electedelected duringduringthethe firstfirst meetingmeeting

�� TheThe meetingmeeting ofof thethe team – team – atat leastleast everyevery 3 3monthsmonths – – ifif necessarynecessary

�� TheThe team team shallshall actact pursuantpursuant to to thetheagreementsagreements mademade betweenbetween thethemayormayor//presidentpresident andand thethe remainingremaining entitiesentities

�� TheThe team team appointsappoints ( (cancan appointappoint))

workwork groupsgroups

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams

�� TeamsTeams appointedappointed by by thethe presidentpresident / / mayormayor

�� TechnicalTechnical andand organisationalorganisational serviceservice isis providedprovidedby by thethe SocialSocial WelfareWelfare CentreCentre (OPS) (OPS)

�� TasksTasks areare executedexecuted as part as part ofof vocationalvocational dutiesduties

�� MembersMembers ofof thethe team team maymay gathergather andand processprocessinformationinformation andand detailsdetails ofof victimsvictims ofof domesticdomesticviolenceviolence – – confidentialityconfidentiality statementstatement

�� InterventionIntervention on on thethe basisbasis ofof thethe " "BlueBlue CardCard""procedureprocedure

Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary teamsteams

�� IntegratingIntegrating andand coordinatingcoordinating thethe activitiesactivities ofofentitiesentities andand expertsexperts withinwithin thethe scopescope ofof domesticdomesticviolenceviolence preventionprevention

�� DiagnosingDiagnosing thethe problem problem

�� UndertakingUndertaking actionsactions withinwithin thethe environment environment

�� InitiatingInitiating actionsactions withinwithin thethe environment environment

�� DisseminatingDisseminating informationinformation on on thethe institutionsinstitutions andandpossiblepossible supportsupport measuresmeasures

�� InitiatingInitiating actionsactions againstagainst domesticdomestic violenceviolenceperpetratorsperpetrators ( (abusersabusers))

WorkWork groupsgroups

�� AnAn interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary – – strategicstrategic – team – team maymayappointappoint workwork groupsgroups to to organiseorganise help for a help for a familyfamilyinin individualindividual casescases

�� workwork groupgroup consistsconsists ofof::

a a socialsocial workerworker, a , a districtdistrict constableconstable, a , a pedagogypedagogyspecialistspecialist, a , a healthhealth serviceservice representativerepresentative, a, arepresentativerepresentative ofof thethe communecommune committeecommittee for forsolvingsolving alcoholalcohol relatedrelated problemsproblems

WorkingWorking usingusing thethe methodmethod ofof

workwork groupsgroups

withinwithin interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary teamsteams�� TheThe team: team:

�� ReactsReacts efficientlyefficiently

�� DiagnosesDiagnoses

�� PlansPlans PerformsPerforms::

�� CooperatesCooperates goalsgoals ofof thethe institutioninstitution

�� CoordinatesCoordinates goalsgoals ofof thethe clientclient

�� MonitorsMonitors Client’sClient’s consentconsent ? ?

�� DoesDoes thethe clientclient participateparticipate ? ?

Forming Forming ofof thethe team: team:

�� AppointingAppointing – – whowho??

�� PersonalPersonal contactscontacts

�� IntegrationIntegration, , trainingstrainings

�� SkillsSkills inin thethe scopescope ofof team team workwork

- - interpersonalinterpersonal skillsskills

- - specialistspecialist skillsskills

TheThe workwork groupgroup

�� AppointedAppointed by by thethe Interdisciplinary Team Interdisciplinary Team

�� WorkingWorking as part as part ofof vocationalvocational dutiesduties

�� May May gathergather andand processprocess personalpersonal detailsdetails

�� ConfidentialityConfidentiality – – confidentialityconfidentiality statementstatement

Interdisciplinary teamInterdisciplinary team

�� TheThe Team Team andand thethe workwork GroupGroup form a form a tasktask team. team.

�� WhatWhat constitutesconstitutes thethe workwork ofof thethe team team isis anan objectiveobjective..

�� For For thethe Team to Team to workwork properlyproperly, , youyou shouldshould::

�� AppointAppoint a leader. a leader.

�� Make Make suresure thatthat everyoneeveryone getsgets to to knowknow one one anotheranother..

�� DetermineDetermine thethe objectiveobjective andand thethe timetime ofof thethe meetingmeeting..

�� DetermineDetermine thethe order order inin whichwhich mattersmatters areare to be to be discusseddiscussed..

�� Plan Plan stepssteps aimedaimed atat achievingachieving thethe objectiveobjective..

�� DetermineDetermine thethe taskstasks..

�� DivideDivide thethe taskstasks andand deadlinesdeadlines for for theirtheir performance performance ininaccordanceaccordance withwith thethe team team membersmembers’ ’ powerspowers andand expertiseexpertise..

�� DetermineDetermine thethe rulesrules for for andand thethe mannermanner ofof informinginforming andandcommunicatingcommunicating betweenbetween thethe meetingsmeetings..

�� Make Make suresure thatthat thethe methodmethod ofof documentingdocumenting thethe coursecourse ofofmeetingsmeetings andand arrangementsarrangements ofof thethe team team isis efficientefficient..

InterventionIntervention

�� Art. 9dArt. 9d

�� UndertakingUndertaking interventionintervention on on thethe basisbasis ofof thethe

""BlueBlue CardCard" " procedureprocedure

�� DoesDoes not not requirerequire a a consentconsent ?! ?!

�� ActionsActions inin connectionconnection withwith a ( a (justifiedjustified))

suspicionsuspicion ofof thethe occurenceoccurence ofof violenceviolence

�� TheyThey pass pass thethe detailsdetails concerningconcerning thethe actionsactions

to to thethe team leader team leader

TheThe BlueBlue CardCard

�� For For socialsocial welfarewelfare unitsunits

�� For For thethe Police Police

�� For For thethe CommuneCommune CommitteeCommittee for for SolvingSolving AlcoholAlcoholRelatedRelated ProblemsProblems (GKRPA) (GKRPA)

�� For For educationeducation

�� For For healthhealth serviceservice

�� ParticipationParticipation ofof thethe representativesrepresentativesinin workwork gropusgropus

TheThe obligationobligation to to notifynotify thethe law law

enforcementenforcement agenciesagencies as part as part ofof thethe

""BlueBlue CardCard" " procedureprocedure

�� Art. 12.1. Art. 12.1. WhoeverWhoever, , inin connectionconnection withwith thethe

capacitycapacity hehe actsacts inin (…), (…), assumesassumes a a

suspicionsuspicion ofof committingcommitting ofof a a crimecrime

connectedconnected withwith violenceviolence isis obligedobliged to to notifynotify

thethe law law enforcementenforcement agenciesagencies ( (thethe policepolice oror

publicpublic prosecutor’sprosecutor’s officeoffice) ) ofof thisthis factfact

TheThe BlueBlue CardCard

�� TheThe procedureprocedure isis initiatedinitiated by by completingcompleting thethe

""BlueBlue CardCard" form" form

�� TheThe formsforms – by – by meansmeans ofof anan ordinanceordinance

�� TheThe CouncilCouncil ofof MinistersMinisters – – thethe ordinanceordinance

settingsetting forthforth thethe actionsactions as part as part ofof thethe

procedureprocedure

InterventionIntervention securingsecuring thethe childchild

�� art.12aart.12a

�� In In thethe eventevent ofof a a directdirect threatthreat to to thethe lifelife oror healthhealth ofof thethechildchild, , thethe socialsocial workerworker fulfillingfulfilling vocationalvocational dutiesduties hashas thetherightright to to taketake thethe childchild awayaway ……. …….

�� TheThe socialsocial workerworker shallshall make make thisthis decisiondecision togethertogether withwith a apolicepolice officerofficer, a doctor, a , a doctor, a paramaedicparamaedic oror a a nursenurse..

�� ShallShall notifynotify thethe CourtCourt withinwithin 24 24 hourshours

�� Art. 12b – Art. 12b – thethe parentsparents areare entitledentitled to to lodgelodge a a complaintcomplaint to tothethe GuardianshipGuardianship CourtCourt throughthrough thethe socialsocial workerworker oror thethepolicepolice officerofficer

�� TheThe notificationnotification ofof thethe rightright to to lodgelodge a a complaintcomplaint – via – viawrittenwritten instructioninstruction

TheThe areaarea ofof interventionintervention andand aidaid

�� InterventionIntervention – ”we go to – ”we go to thethe clientclient””

�� AidAid ” ”thethe clientclient comescomes to to usus””

�� InterventionIntervention – – stoppingstopping violenceviolence, , ensuringensuringsecuritysecurity

�� AidAid – – satisfyingsatisfying thethe client’sclient’s needsneeds

�� DILEMMADILEMMA

TheThe objectivesobjectives ofof thethe clientclient, , peoplepeople helpinghelping andand

thethe institutionsinstitutions withwith referencereference to to thethe interventionintervention

activitiesactivities

TheThe client’sclient’s

objectivesobjectives

ObjectivesObjectives ofof

thethe institutionsinstitutions

Objectives ofpersonsprovidingsupport

StrategiesStrategies for for helpinghelping peoplepeople

entangledentangled inin domesticdomestic violenceviolence

�� InterventionIntervention �� TherapeuticTherapeutic

Crisis intervention

Psychological andcorrective aid

Therapeutic aid

FormsForms ofof helpinghelping thethe peoplepeople

entangledentangled inin domesticdomestic violenceviolence

�� InterventionIntervention – – aimaim: : stoppingstopping violenceviolence, , ensuringensuring security – security –PRIORITY: PRIORITY: SECURITYSECURITY

�� ActionsActions takentaken duringduring crisiscrisis – – crisiscrisis interventionintervention, , crisiscrisis therapytherapy – –REGAINING THE SENSE OF POWER REGAINING THE SENSE OF POWER andand controlcontrol

�� ActionsActions atat a a laterlater timetime ( (furtherfurther help) help) – – psychologicalpsychological andandtherapeutictherapeutic aidaid directeddirected atat recoveringrecovering damagedamage, , resultingresulting fromfrom thetheexperienceexperience ofof violenceviolence andand changechange ofof behaviouralbehavioural patternspatterns

TOWARDS THE CHANGETOWARDS THE CHANGE

�� LegalLegal actionsactions ( (takentaken by by thethe clientclient, , takentaken by by thethe institutioninstitution))

ActionsActions takentaken inin thethe casescases ofof

domesticdomestic violenceviolence

�� InterventionInterventionObjectivesObjectives::

-- StoppingStopping violenceviolence " "herehere andand nownow""

-- EnsuringEnsuring security security

TheThe ClientClient::

--injuredinjured personspersons ( (actionsactions takentaken againstagainst thethe perpetratorsperpetrators))

ImportantImportant::

-- ActionsActions ex ex officioofficio

-- ConfidentConfident andand calmcalm " "beyondbeyond violenceviolence””

-- FirmFirm

-- ItIt mustmust be a be a beginningbeginning for for furtherfurther workwork

ActionsActions duringduring crisiscrisis – – crisiscrisis

interventioninterventionObjectivesObjectives::-- RecognizingRecognizing thethe most most urgenturgent needsneeds

( (healthhealth, , socialsocial, , legallegal, , psychologicalpsychological andand inin termsterms ofof livingliving conditionsconditions))

TheThe ClientClient::-- TheThe victimvictim, , thethe perpetratorperpetrator, , witnesseswitnesses andand othersothers

ImportantImportant::-- Fast (Fast (usingusing thethe energyenergy ofof thethe crisiscrisis))

-- On a On a widewide scalescale ( (combiningcombining meansmeans, , possibilitiespossibilities andand competencecompetence ofofpeoplepeople andand institutionsinstitutions

-- On On thethe basisbasis ofof ( (alreadyalready) ) existingexisting resourcesresources

FurtherFurther help help

TherapeuticTherapeutic aidaidObjectivesObjectives::-- A A changechange inin thethe functioningfunctioning ofof thethe familyfamily andand stopppingstoppping violenceviolence permanentlypermanently

TheThe ClientClient::

-- TheThe victimvictim, , thethe perpetratorperpetrator, , otherother peoplepeople

ImportantImportant::-- MotivationMotivation andand a a personalpersonal decisiondecision isis necessarynecessary

-- TakingTaking intointo accountaccount thethe client’sclient’s perspectivesperspectives

-- AchievingAchieving thethe client’sclient’s objectivesobjectives

-- UsingUsing thethe client’sclient’s personalpersonal strengthstrength andand meansmeans

-- WorkingWorking on on thethe mentalmental injuryinjury

-- ReplacingReplacing thethe strategystrategy basedbased on on violenceviolence withwith thethe " "withoutwithout violenceviolence” ” strategystrategy((searchingsearching for for newnew patternspatterns, , rolesroles, , solutionssolutions ofof certaincertain behavioursbehaviours inin conflictconflictsituationssituations))

TheThe sourcessources ofof efficiencyefficiency

�� LimitationsLimitations::

-- WhatWhat resultsresults fromfrom thethe specificityspecificity ofof thethe

phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence inin thethe contextcontext ofof anan

individualindividual andand thethe societysociety

-- WhatWhat resultsresults fromfrom thethe specificityspecificity ofof solutionssolutions

andand pragmaticspragmatics ofof actionsactions

TheThe sourcessources ofof efficiencyefficiency::

�� LimitationsLimitations::

-- SpecificitySpecificity ofof thethe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence

-- FunctioningFunctioning ofof peoplepeople involvedinvolved inin violenceviolence

-- CompelxityCompelxity ofof thethe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence

-- MentalMental understandingunderstanding ofof violenceviolence andand socialsocial attitudesattitudestowardstowards thethe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence

TheThe sourcessources ofof efficiencyefficiency

�� LimitationsLimitations:: specificityspecificity ofof solutionssolutions::

�� RelativelyRelatively lowlow punishabilitypunishability andand enforcementenforcementofof law law

�� LimitedLimited resourcesresources ofof institutionalinstitutional formsforms ofofhelp help andand thethe lacklack ofof sufficientsufficient modelsmodels ofofcollaborationcollaboration

�� RoutineRoutine inin applyingapplying solutionssolutions andandproceduresprocedures

�� Not Not takingtaking intointo accountaccount thethe clientsclients’ ’ needsneeds

TheThe sourcessources ofof efficiencyefficiency

�� UnderstandingUnderstanding thethe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence fromfromvariousvarious perspectivesperspectives ( (legallegal, , psychologicalpsychological, , socialsocial,,etc.)etc.)

�� DeterminingDetermining correctlycorrectly thethe needsneeds ofof peoplepeople involvedinvolvedinin violenceviolence

�� FormulatingFormulating comprehensivecomprehensive supportsupport

�� ResourcesResources inin termsterms ofof premisespremises, , institutionsinstitutions,,peoplepeople, , competencecompetence

�� CombiningCombining thethe competencecompetence ofof variousvarious servicesservicesandand institutionsinstitutions

�� WorkingWorking inin thethe interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary modemode

TheThe idea idea ofof interdisciplinarityinterdisciplinarity

�� TheThe phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence hashas many many aspectsaspects

�� ViolenceViolence concernsconcerns thethe wholewhole familyfamily – – thethe system system

andand itsits surroundingssurroundings

�� No No institutioninstitution workingworking ”on ”on itsits ownown" " isis capablecapable ofof

stoppingstopping violenceviolence andand limitinglimiting itsits effectseffects

sufficientlysufficiently

PerspectivesPerspectives fromfrom whichwhich thethe

phenomenonphenomenon ofof violenceviolence shouldshould be be

approachedapproached - - continuationcontinuation::�� PsychologicalPsychological ( (TheThe CrisisCrisis InterventionIntervention CentreCentre -OIK, -OIK,

PedagogicalPedagogical CentresCentres, , thethe ""BlueBlue LineLine" " facilitiesfacilities))�� LegalLegal ( (thethe Police, Police, thethe PublicPublic Prosecutor’sProsecutor’s Office, Office,

thethe CourtCourt))

�� SocialSocial ( (MunicipalMunicipal SocialSocial WelfareWelfare CentreCentre - MOPS, - MOPS,hostelhostel sheltersshelters))

�� MoralMoral ( (psychologicalpsychological help, help, thethe churchchurch))

�� MedicalMedical ( (healthhealth serviceservice))

�� EconomicEconomic ( (governmentgovernment, , self-governmentself-governmentauthoritiesauthorities, , taxtax payerspayers))

BenefitsBenefits::

�� MoreMore correct correct decisionsdecisions takentaken

�� MoreMore efficientefficient help help

�� EffectiveEffective useuse ofof resourcesresources

�� ExtendingExtending competencecompetence andand experiencesexperiences

�� PreventingPreventing thethe " "burn-outburn-out""

�� Less Less psychicalpsychical injuriesinjuries

TheThe directionsdirections ofof changeschanges::

�� FromFrom proceduresprocedures to to flexibilityflexibility

�� FromFrom establishingestablishing to to maintainingmaintaining andand

developmentdevelopment

�� FromFrom experimentingexperimenting to to efficiencyefficiency

ThankThank youyou for for youryour

attentionattention