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© 2013 Agilent Technologies

Wireless Communications

4G异构网络演进

及测量挑战

黄萍

Agilent Technologies



2© 2013 Agilent Technologies


Agenda

• Wireless Evolution

• Homogeneous Network vs. Heterogeneous Network

• Heterogeneous Network Elements

• Heterogeneous Network Challenges

• Agilent Solutions to Solve Heterogeneous Challenges

2



Wireless Evolution

3



Wireless Evolution 1990 - 2013

IS-136TDMA

PDCGSM

HSCSD iModeGPRS

WiMAX 2 802.16m

E-GPRSEDGE

W-CDMAFDD & TDD TD-SCDMA

HSDPA/HSUPA

FDD & TDD

HSPA+ E-HSPA

802.16eMobile

WiMAXTM

802.11g

802.11a

802.11b

802.16dFixed

WiMAXTM

802.11n

802.11h

WiBRO

LTE-Advanced Rel 10 & Beyond

LTEFDD & TDD

Rel-8/9

IS-95Acdma

IS-95Bcdma

cdma2000 1x RTT

1xEV-DORelease

0 A B

802.11ac802.11ad

EDGEEvolution

4





Wireless Data Demands From…

5





Wireless Data Demands From…

• Huge Data Traffics on Limited Resources

• x18 Mobile Broadband Data Traffics between ’11 &’16- Cisco

• Unbalanced Data Consumption by Areas and Times

• Huge Investments and Researches to Improve Wireless Data

Communications Capacity and Coverage but, Demands Growing Much

Faster

6





How to Improve

Wireless Data Communications?

• Enhance Existing Wireless Capability

− DC-HSPA, HSPA+

− Optimize Base Station capability

• Move to Faster, More Spectrum Efficient Technologies

− LTE, LTE-Advanced, WiMAX

− 802.11ac

• Move Networks Closer to User Equipment

− Heterogeneous Networks

− WLAN leverage

7





Rel-5/6 Rel-7 Rel- 8 Rel-9Rel-10

and Beyond

UMTS- HSPA / HSPA+ Evolution

WCDMA

WCDMA

14.4 Mbps

21/28 Mbps42 Mbps

84 Mbps

168 Mbps64 QAM/MIMO

DC-HSDPA

DC-HSDPA &

MIMO

MC-HSDPA

8

HSDPA / HSUPA HSPA+ HSPA+ HSPA+

HSPA / HSPA+ Evolution

• 482 Commercial Networks including 254 HSPA+ Networks

• 3,847 Devices- Smartphone, Tablet, PC, USB Dongle

- GSA Nov. 2012

HSPA+





0

Rel-5/6 Rel-7 Rel- 8 Rel-9Rel-10

and Beyond

WCDMA

WCDMA

326 Mbps

9

UMTS- LTE / LTE-Advanced Evolution

LTE -Advanced LTE LTE

14.4 Mbps

21/28 Mbps42 Mbps

84 Mbps

168 Mbps

20MHz BW

OFDMA

64QAM

4x4 MIMO

1,000 Mbps

100MHz BW

with Carrier

Aggregation

LTE / LTE-Advanced Evolution

• 222 Commercial Networks

• 560 Devices- Smartphone,

Router, USB Dongle, Tablet

- GSA, Oct. 2013



UMTS Long Term Evolution

1999

2013

Release Stage 3: Core

specs complete

Main feature of Release

Rel-99 March 2000 UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)

Rel-4 March 2001 1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)

Rel-5 June 2002 HSDPA

Rel-6 March 2005 HSUPA (E-DCH)

Rel-7 Dec 2007 HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL). LTE & SAE

Feasibility Study, Edge Evolution

Rel-8 Dec 2008 LTE Work item – OFDMA air interface

SAE Work item – New IP core network

UMTS Femtocells, Dual Carrier HSDPA

Rel-9 Dec 2009 Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA,

Dual Band HSDPA, SON, LTE Femtocells (HeNB)

LTE-Advanced feasibility study, MBSFN

Rel-10 March 2011 LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study

Four carrier HSDPA, eICIC

Rel-11 Sept 2012 CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD &

64QAM MIMO, HSDPA 8C & 4x4 MIMO, MB MSR

Rel-12 March 2013 stage 1 New carrier type, LTE-Direct, Active Antenna Systems


10



Homogeneous Network vs.

Heterogeneous Network

11





Traditional Homogeneous Networks

12






13






14






Core Network

15






Core Network

16






Core Network

17






Core Network

18






Core Network

19





Heterogeneous Networks

Internet

Core Network

Femto

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Macro

Relay

RRH/DAS

Fiber

Optic

Wireless

20





Quick Comparison- Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Networks

Homogeneous Network Heterogeneous Network

Cell sizeOne big and same size

Base StationVarious with smaller nodes

Coverage Broader (25-40km) Narrower (50m to 2km)

Deployment

Ownership

Carefully planned and

configured by wireless

operators

Small Cells- less planned,

installed by wireless operators

as well as end-users

Interference Well managed from

deployment plan

Complicated due to various

overlaps, types of backhauls

and managing ownership

Capacity Flexibility Hardly flexible More flexible

Cost of equipment,

installation and

maintenance

Higher Small Cells- Lower

21





Why Moving to Heterogeneous Network?

• Difficult to Install Base Station in Data Traffic Dense Areas

- Challenge to find right property to install new Base Stations

• Limitation on Advanced Radio Technologies

- Face technical / realistic challenges to keep improving wireless performance

- Limited efficiency and performance at cell edge due to co-channel interference- require high SINR and power

• Need to Reduce Cost (CAPEX, OPEX)

- Reduce costs for installation as well as maintenance

• Fast and Flexible Deployment

- Faster Small Cell deployment, even with self installation by end-user

• Less Power Consumptions- Green Network

- Both cells and UEs can reduce the power consumption

22



Heterogeneous Network Elements

23






Internet

Core Network

Femto

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Macro

Relay

RRH/DAS

Fiber

Optic

Wireless

24






- Low Power Small Cells

• Overlay under Macrocell coverage to improve service coverage,

spectrum efficiency and network capacity

• Offload Macrocell data load

• Increase capacity flexibility based on data demands on the areas.

• Same or similar QoS as Macrocell under the wireless service

operators’ management with licensed spectrum

• Various types of backhaul

• Complicated interference, handover issues

25





Small Cell Deployments

• First launch by Sprint Wireless in US, Sep 2007

• First enterprise launch by Verizon Wireless in US, Jan 2009

• First LTE Femtocell by SK Telecom in Korea, Jun 2012

• First million deployment by Sprint Wireless in US, Oct 2012

• First dual-mode 3G/LTE by NTT DoCoMO in Japan, Dec 2012

• Consumer Femtocell deployments: 26 including Vodafone UK, AT&T,

Cosmote

• Enterprise Femtocell deployments: 6 including T-Mobil UK, Network

Norway, Orange France

• Small cell deployment forecasts

26

Data source: Small Cell Forum Dec. 2012

www.smallcellforum.org

http://www.smallcellforum.org/






Internet

Core Network

Femto

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Macro

Relay

RRH/DAS

Fiber

Optic

Wireless

27






- Remote Radio Heads / Distributed Antenna System

• Physically expand Base Station capability to desired places

• Retransmit the Base Station signals linked with the fiber optic

cables

• Improve only coverage; not improve or add network capacity

• Much more cost effective than Base Station; slightly more

expensive and more power consumption than Small cells or WLAN

Fiber Optic cable

28






Internet

Core Network

Femto

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Pico/Micro

Macro

Relay

RRH/DAS

Fiber

Optic

Wireless

29



Heterogeneous Network Challenges

30





Interference

• Overlapped cells can cause significant interference issue

(Ex. Macrocell vs Picocell, Macrocell vs Femtocell)

• More complicated interference manage than Homogeneous

Network with various cell-types, radio technologies and backhauls

• Interferences reduce the Heterogeneous Networks performance

31





Heterogeneous Network Challenges

• Self Organization Network

- Cell deployments with minimized service providers’ initial management

- Self-configuration, Self-healing, and Self-optimization

• Handover within different types of cell having different backhauls

- Handover among large number and various types of Macrocell and

small cells

• Security

- Hardware security

- Network security

32



Agilent Solutions for

the Heterogeneous Network Challenges

33





• Cross Carrier Scheduling with Carrier Aggregation

- Analyze the multiple transmit and receive chains simultaneously

89600 VSA Software

Inter-band and intra-band carrier

aggregation support for both uplink and

downlink, FDD and TDD

Hardware: X-Series Signal Analyzers or

N7109A Multi-Channel Signal Analyzer

Two component carriers at

800 MHz

One component

carrier at 2100 MHz

Agilent 89600 VSA SW and X-Series Signal Analyzer

solve the interference challenges

Interferences Challenges

34

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• Analyze The Signals Having Different Bandwidths



Challenge:

Mask test on

bursted WLAN

signal, 20 MHz

Wide.

Simultaneously

check level of

bursted spur, but

signal is below the

broadband noise

floor.

Solution:

Meas01 mask test

uses 140 MHz

span, 1 MHz RBW.

Spur at 2.46 GHz

is not visible.

Meas02 at 48 MHz

offset uses13 MHz

span and 3 kHz

RBW. Noise floor

is 25 dB lower.

35






• Analyze The Signals Located Far Away



DUT

LTE

WLAN

LTE WLAN ~650 MHz

Trig.

36






• Verify Various Radio Signals At The Same Time



TX

GSM

WCDMA

LTE

S

GSM WCDMA LTE

37





Manufacturing Challenges

• Femtocell Manufacturing

- Guarantee measurement performance or lower cost

Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzer and Signal Generators

solve manufacturing challenges

38





MIMO Challenges

• 8x8 MIMO for LTE-Advanced Networks

- TM7 and TM8 for FDD

- TM9 (up to 8x8 MIMO)

- Support both FDD and TDD

- Support CSI-RS

Agilent 89600 VSA SW, Multi-Channel Signal Analyzer,

X-Series Signal Generators and Signal Studio SW

solve the 8x8 MIMO interference challenges39



Signal

Generators

RDX for

DigRF v4

Systems for RF and

Protocol Conformance

RF Module Development

RF Proto RF Chip/module

Design

Simulation

BTS and Mobile

BB Chipset Development

L1/PHY

FPGA and ASIC

Conformance

RF and BB

Design

Integration

L1/PHYSystem

Design

Validation

System Level

RF Testing

BTS

or

MobileProtocol Development

L2/L3

DigRF v4

Pre-Conformance

Network Deployment

Manufacturing

89600 VSA/WLA For Signal Analyzers, Scopes, LA

SystemVue and ADS

3D EM Simulation

SystemVue (BB)

ADS/GG (RF/A)

Scopes and

Logic Analyzers

Baseband

Generator and

Channel Emulator

Signal Studio

Software

RF Handheld Analyzers

Manufacturing

Test

N7109A Multi-Channel

Signal Analyzer

Battery Drain

Characterization

LTE UE Signalling

and Function Test

RF & Protocol test

Platforms

Signal Analyzers

40

N4010A Wireless

Connectivity Test Set

Power Measurement

Modular

Solutions

Agilent Solutions

http://teams.collaboration.agilent.com/sites/SMS/Marketing/Product Marketing/Launch/Apogee/Photos/Photo Portfolio Images/M9381A_M9018A_Signal_Studio_PC monitor.JPG

http://teams.collaboration.agilent.com/sites/SMS/Marketing/Product Marketing/Launch/Apogee/Photos/Photo Portfolio Images/M9381A_M9018A_Signal_Studio_PC monitor.JPG





Summary

HetNetIntroduction

HetNetChallenges

HetNetSolutions

41





42

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THANK YOU!

43

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