PRESENTED BY:TOMMY CARPENTERCOMPUTER SCIENCEUNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO

Outline

The grid has real problems• that smart grids can solve

These problems are intrinsic and difficult• so progress has been slow

Three areas where changes are imminent are solar, storage, and sensing

• examples of our work in these areas

The Grid

…is old

Post-war infrastructure is reachig EOL

…inefficient

US DOE: http://www.southeastchptap.org/cleanenergy/chp/

…poorly measured

…poorly controlledElectrons are not addressable

RealityPerception

…dirty (mostly)

…without storage (mostly)

Needed capacity

http://ieso-public.sharepoint.com/

Smart grid

Current gridRenewables/low carbonStorage richSensing richControl richEfficientDecentralized

High carbon footprintLittle to no storage

Poorly measuredPoorly controlled

InefficientCentralized

Smart grid

…but Consumers & Utilities lack incentives

Savings of 10%: $5-10/month

Utilities make $$ regardless

hence slow progress:-Demand response: only time of use pricing

-Grid storage: tiny

-Smart buildings and homes: demo stage

-Microgrids: rare

-Electric vehicles: early mainstream

-Security and privacy: mostly missing

Three inflection points

SolarStorageSensing (and control)

Storage research, investment growthGlobal investment to reach $122 Billion by 2021 – Pike Research

LiON Declining. $600 down to <$200

Largest change: EVs Some grid storage

Sensing & Control

Michigan Micro Mote

HomeGrid Pervasive

Our Contributions

GRIDRenewable Source

ElectronsStorage

Transmission lineTransmission network

Distribution networkDemand response

INTERNET =Variable bit-rate source=Bits=Buffer=Communication link=Tier 1 ISP=Tier 2/3 ISP=Congestion control

Insight: Grid-Net Isomorphism

SSS: Solar, Storage, Sensing

Sensing: auto thermal comfort (Spotlite) - Uses ML to learn comfort levels, occupancy patterns

- Pre-heat prior to occupancy periods, lower heat afterwards

- Cooling

6 7 8 9 10111213141516171820212223242526

Time of a day

Tem

pera

ture

Sensing: preserving data privacy

App

VEE

API

App Store

Gateway

Host

-Certification and Validation -Data

collection-Data access control-Application

framework

-High density hosting

-Integrating cloud storage

Each user’s data is stored and processed (by apps) in user-owned virtual execution environments, enabling:

Data ownershipData privacyData applications

Sensing + Storage: distributed charging

1 EV = 5 homes• Creates hotspots

Real-time AIMD control of EV charging rateSolution is both fair and efficient

- Goal: fairly allocate resources during congestion periods- Our work: distributed, model free and real time via congestion signals- Prior work: centralized, perfect network knowledge, day ahead,

Solar + Storage: Solar EV Charging - Base case (no solar): try meeting all charging deadlines - If infeasible; perform fair allocation

- Integrate solar to reduce emissions while ensuring same (or greater) utility

Solar + Storage: ROI, EROEI of Solar Systems w/ Storage

-Advanced modeling of stochastic inputs, comprehensive battery model

Storage: EV ecosystem & adoption modeling

Storage: EV Sentiment AnalysisEV Ops gauged using:- Field Trials: Expensive = usually short, not many

participants- Surveys: Hard to target- But lots of opinions buried in discussion forums!

Storage: EV Sentiment Analysis

Storage (EVs): Vehicle Access networks for EV owners- Range Anxiety: long trips not possible yet. Prohibitive to ownerswithout another car.

- EV owners sometimes need access to ICEVs

- Solution: operate some form of multi pool network (a carshare)

- Can be integrated into dealership, operated by gov, community nonprofit, etc.

- Regardless of business model, sizing/managing the fleet is hard

Storage (EVs): Vehicle Access networks for EV owners

Challenge: Ensure maintained over timeDemand patterns constantly changing, non-stationary, arbitrary

Sensing + storage + solar: WeBike- A fleet of 25-30 ebikes on campus- Tons of sensors, data collection- Bikes now being deployed!

Why study eBikes?

Conclusions- We are networking and smart grid researchers exploiting similarities between the net and grid

- Currently working in 3 main areas:- Solar- Storage (EVs)- Sensing/Control

Extra Slides

Sensing: TOU pricing analysis

Current

Sensing: TOU pricing analysis

Current

Sensing: TOU pricing analysis

Current

Proposed

Solar + Storage: Cost-Efficient Energy Storage

Source: European technology platform: Smart Grids

Smart grid vision