80386 80486 80386 32- e 8086/8088 80286 16- x. H , r n .80386 , n , n, ].H] 8086/8088 80286 80386.I 80386 1 8086/8088, 16 802864 80386.80386x]xn.H]n x 80286 x n x. 80486 80386 xu. 80486x8 u 80387. (H 80486DX4x16K.)K80486 ] 80386, 50 .B H17,x H H H, 16K,80486.HH Hx u u 80486. K x , x x:1. 80386/80486 H .2. 80386/80486 n n .3. r x x.4. 80386/80486 x n.5. .6. H u 80386/80486.7. r 80486 80386.8. 80486. 80386 H80386 , ] . O / 80386. H 16-1 80386DX, 132-PGA(pingridarray). Ou80386: ,80386DX, , 80386SX, 80386. H8038680386EXu AT,uRAM, u, 26 , 1624/ . 80386DXu 4 32- 32- . 80386SX, 80286,u 1624-16- . 80386SX 80386DX 32- . 80386SX x uu80286. Bx, uxWindows, 16, 80386SX]80386. H80486, 80386

x .KxH], 80386un5.0. 38038625x n 550, 500 20 x, 450 16 x. 33 x n u 600. B, x , n x 1.0 . O u n x . O VCC VSS n , 5.0 . H N/C ( n) . 80386SX n 3.3 . Ou x u .C 80386 x 4.0 (x n) 5.0( n). O n , x 8086, 8088 80286. C n +10 . B , u , ] .HPHKA3 16-1 H 80386DX 80386SX E ] 80386DX:A31-A2 1I x 32 r80386. B, A0 Al (BE3-BE0) x 4 u 32-. H , 80386SXx16- 32- 80386DX 80386SX Al, BHE BLE. BHE , BLE .D31-D0 r /. 80386SX x D15-D0.BE3 BE0 C x x , . O Al A0. H 80386SX, BHE, BLE Al.M/IO Memory/IO 1 / 0. 3 /, x 16- / n A15-A2.W/RWrite/readx n 1 un 0.ADST80386 /. O W/Runn x 8086-80286.RESET P 80386 u ] FFFFFFFOH. 80386x12n l (FFFH) u. Ox .CLK2Clocktimes 2 ]]80386. H, 8038616MHz, u u 32 MHz.READY Ready un x .LOCKLock 0 u ] LOCK.O u (DMA).D/C Data/controlx x I/O 1. A D/C 0, r .BS16 Bussize1632-(BS161)16-(BS160). B u, 80386DX16- , 80386SX 16- .NANext address80386 ] . O u .HOLD Hold DMA.HLDA Hold acknowledge x 80386 un.PEREQThe coprocessorrequest80386 x n 80387 u .BUSY Busy WAIT FWAIT x un ]. O n 80387 80386.ERROR Error x .INTR Interrupt request n .NMI Non-maskable interrupt x , u x .k fuu 80386DX 4 ; n, 64 T- n 4-]u. Bnx 4 x.H16-2x]u 80386DX.u8-, x1. O32-x , . 80386DX ] 32-, x 8088 u ], 80286 80386SX . ,xu32. C]uxn, 32- ] .C x, u x. P80386DX32- OOOOOOOOH FFFFFFFFH.B 8086, 80286 80386SX BLE(A0 8086 80286) BHE. B 80386DX, un, BE3-BE0. B x u x n . Ox x n . B u, 0123. 00000000H 0, 00000001H 1, 00000002H 2, 00000003H 3. 80386DX x n A0 Al n . H , 80386SX x A0 BLE BHE .HPHKA3 16-2 80386. u , x 1 . H 8, 16 32- ..H16-3x80386DX] , u n. O 25 MHz x 50 MHz . O . HLDA ] . B , n ] DMA n. .K ] x 80386 ] ] DRAM. H u , . 80386 16 MHz x 50 . P, DRAM .B DRAM 60. Oux , . x: , n.H ] n , 80386x. H . x 50 81 80386 16 MHz . H, u , .K , u . B , . O ( u ) x .C x , u . B un, un. 3 , .C x u . B u 20, 25 33 MHz. B , x . C x . Cx80486xu, 80386 x x u .K r DRAM . V u u RAM 25 . B u, x r32K1. I x . A , . A , u x . B u, 64 , u x 256 . O n 256K, x 80386 .HPHKA3 16-3 H ] 80386DX 25 MHz . B n.Euux . B x x un. B , xx un, x. Cx . C], u u] .B u .H ,80386SX, 16- 000000H-000001H, 000004H-000005H. x 000002-000003, 000006H-000007H. 000000H-000001H, u 000002H-000003H. H u 000002H-000003H 000000H-000001H.O u , .Bn x .B , ] u . n x u n . O u n . H n , 93 u. 37, , u 7un . B u ] x . O; , un .HPHKA3 16-4 B xn H H 16-4 .O x . Ox n, , un.HPHKA316-5B, ADSWAIT H16-5 . O xu n. H, SEL( )(0), WAIT 1. H ALE0ALE1, , 1 x .B SEL x 1, u ]. BAl n (U2B U5A) x 0, x . H ALE, 0, xALE . A , WAIT 0 un.H 16-6 H 16-5.C x ALE0 ALE1 ] . 16-. A 8-, u un. , 80386SX 16- . Hn x u. A u 8-, x un.B x , H 16-6 11269, xu16MHz. (A un, u 16 MHz 136 , u x un.) A u 20MHz, 89,6, , ]x 48 . H n, DRAM- 80 ] , un .A , un.f ns/snsC/ 80386 H8086 . H 64.000 u I/O I/O. CI/O, INOUT ]I/O r I/O. I/O u r n A15-A2, BE3-BE0 , I/O. AI/O, I/Ox 4. CI/O, ] r x I/O ], I/O . C 80386 I/O I/O 80386 x.HH16-7I/O80386. 3I/O x H , u 16-, 80386 I/O 32- u . O u , u . Hx I/O ] u 8- u ASCII (7- ) ]n ]u r. Ox, 16-]u , u ASCII . H, I/O u16, 32- ] ]. BI/Or I/O , 8- ].I/O 0000H FFFFH. I/O 80387u . H u I/O, n I/O ().K I/O 800000F8H-800000FFH n r 80387 80386.Hu 80287 80286, I/O 00F8H-00FFH . C u n A15-A2 I/O , x 00F8H-00FFH A31. O I/O 00F8H-00FFH .H 16-6B x u HPHKA3 16-7 H I/O 80386. O u 8-64.000uI/O. I/O0000H FFFFH.E 80386 I/O I/O] TSS 80386 x. Ku,I/Oxxx. AI/O , (13, ). B u I/O xu. Fn x x, .k /O kufnu ruan I/O . M/IO x u r (M/IO 1) I/O (M/IO 0). K M/IO, I/O u .C W/R 0 un, 1 n. CADSM/IOW/R. Ox H ADS ].H H 16-8 u I/O . C x (MRDCMWTC) I/O (IORCIOWC). BI/Onx H .uk yrnayan (ajur)BnI/O80386. H 16-9 x uu . C x n CLK2 x u n.C x n, (Tl T2)x n. H H 16-9 x x 3. B 16MHz x 78 un x . 3 x , 1 NA .H16-10 un 80386 x . H x . Px x0NA nn . H r ADS . A , .HPHKA3 16-8 I I/O 80386, 80486 HHPHKA3 16-9 B un 80386C x n n . B 16 MHz 80386, x 62,5 . B , x 78 ; x 140,5 . H un(x, ) x . H , un.HPHKA3 16-10 B un 80386fj ua kanC un x 80386 . B 33 MHz, 46 . B DRAM 46 . O u un DRAM (1 un 70 DRAM) EPROM 100 (2 un).O un u u x .B READY n un. B READY 80386 u . H H 16-11 (0un) un.BREADY u 0 1 un.C READY T2 TW. A READY 0, u T2. A READY1, TW x READY, 0 .B, ADSx0, un READY 1. O ADS x 1, u READY . C READY 0 0 un. A un,READY 1 .A un, u READY. O x un.H 16-12 x 0 3 un u . H , 1 un DRAM 2 un EPROM.74F164 u ADS, D/C.Hu ADS x 1. K x , 00000000 n u l QA QH. u u READY.HPHKA3 16-11 80386 0 1 unHPHKA3 16-12 . (a) K (b) n 1 un DRAM 2 un EPROM.!"# 80386 $%&$H , x H , 80386 , .K CR0-CR3 u,DR0-DR7n, TR6TR7 n n n.ufnu rfKEFLAGSEIP, ,80386. K 0 (CR0) u MSW (machine status word) r 80286, u 32- 16 . CR1, CR2 CR3.HPHKA3 1613 C 30386H16-13 80386. K CR1 80386, . K CR2 x .K CR3 x . H 12- 32- x 4K .P CRO x 80386 ] u:PG]uPG1. H x ]u .ET 80287 ET 0 80387 ET 1. O 80387 u 80386. K x ,ET x 80387.TSVx 80386 u ( x, n x TR 1TS). ATS1, u u 7 ( ).EMu 7 ESC .(ESC ]n 80387.) O u ] . E , u 100 .MP u .PEx80386. xu x . O r 80286. 80286 x x x n, u x x.ar ff rfH 16-14 x . H u x 32- u . (A 32- x, , ]u.) A u , x , . A u, 80386 x 1(TRAP) DR6DR7. O n n xxH1. Au n ]. E ] DR6 DR7:BT A (1), u n u.BS A , u TF .BDA , u un GD . GD .B3-B0Vx uuu.LENunuu DR0-DR3. O ] u 00 (), 01 () 11 ( ).RWC u n un/n u u DR0-DR3. H RW u x u 00 ( ), 01 (n) 11 (un n ).GDA , GD un n n . O u , x u .GEA, u u u .LEA , u u u .HPHKA3 16-14 80386T , TR6 TR7, n ] (TLB). TLB 80386. TLB xu . TLB unn . TLB x 32- u n TR6 TR7.T TR6 x ( ) TLB, TR7 x] TLB. 3 n TLB , u:1. C TR7 ]u , PL REP .2. C TR6 , C 0.3 un TLB :1. C TR6 , C 1.2. C u TR6 TR7. A PL x x, TR6 TR7 x x TLB.F TR6 TR7 x :V Vx TLB .D x TLB u.U F TLB.W Vx x TLB ,C H n (0) n (1) TLB.PL Vx x 1.REP H RLB .80386 '$( #!)#&E x n (MMU) 80386 u MMU 80286, u 80386 , x 80286. MMU u, x, ]u ]u , . 80386 x n u ]u. O, A0000H, ]ux100000H x n.O x ], , ]80386 x ]u . H H ]. Hn DOS 5.0/6.Xn 80386 80486 FFFFFH r ROM- D0000-DFFFFH u. Hu r ROM- u ; u FFFFFH .knf nkfH n, x u 80386. 80386 80286. K ,x 8 .Cx( ) .I r 80286 80386 (FS GS), x ]80386. 80386 32- 20-un, 24- 16- un 80286.80286 16 24- unx6416-un.80386 4 32-un x 1 4 I 20-un u u. 20- un x x1(G) 0. AG1, 20-un x x 4 .F r 80386. A G 0, un un, x x unr00000HFFFFFH1.AG1, un 00000XXXH FFFFFXXXH, XXX000H. Ox unxr04 4 . Oun 00001H x un 4 G 1 1 G 0. K u ]u 10000000H. Aun00001H, G0, u10000000H10000001H. AG1un(00001H), u 10000000H 10001000H.H16-15x80386xx. Ouu80286. P 80386. C 13- . TI (TI 1) (TI 0) . H 2- ] .C13-, 8.192 , . Hx ( 80386)xx4, x16.384 . O 80386 x 64T-. C, 4 (IT byte 1,024Gbytes). A x 4, xr - ] n x.HPHKA316-15An x n 80386 (GDT) (LDT) .T (IDT) u. H 80286, x 80286] 80386. (80286 00H u .) H H 16-16 80286 80386. F 32- 80386, un 20-, I- un (1 4.000 ). B ] n 80386:Base (B31-B0)J ] u 32- ]u 4 I 80386.Limit (L19-L0) I ] un , I- 0 4 G 1. O x x 1 1 G 0 4 4 G 1. Hn un x .AccessRightsI].O u , .G F 1 4.000 un. AG 0, 1; G 1, 4.000.D J . A D 0, u 16-, 80286; D1, u32- , 80386. O ]32-. A D 0, ] 32- 32- xu. A D 1, ] 16- 16- xu. USE 16 USE32 SEGMENT D.Bx,u16-, 32-xu, ].A DOS D 0.AVLO . u x .K 80386 ]: . , ; ] , u u . .H 16-17 x . O ], x H 16-16, x ] , . F 4 (S 1) (S0). Txu H, u.HPHKA3 16-16 80286 80386HPHKA3 16-17 u 80386C ] :P Present 1 x . A P 0 , 11. O x .DPL Descriptor privilegelevel00 , 11 . O . A ( ) DPL, n. Hxu .SSegment x (S 1) (S 0).E Executable () (E 0) (E 1). E ] ] (X RW).X A E 0, X x n . A X 0, , ; X 1, , . A E 1, X x (X 0) x (X 1).RW A E 0, RW x x (RW 1) (RW 0). A E 1, RW x x u (RW 1) x u (RW 0).A Accessed . H ..CH16-18. H16 ( T 16-1 u ), 80386. H 80286 ] 80286 80386.H80386. H H.HPHKA3 16-18 O ] 80386TAFEHA 16-1 T 80386 /0000 ak0001 fanu 80286 TSS 0010 LOT0011 3aqafu 80286 TSS0100 80286 nu sa nu0101 u sa saa (80286 or 80386)0110 80286 nu sa nku0111 80286nu sa fanua1000 ak1001 fanu 80386 TSS1010 auf sa uf ufn ns1011 3aqafu 80386 TSS1100 80386 nu sa nu1101 auf sa uf ufn ns1110 80386 nu sa nku1111 80836 nu sa fanuaan sa knfT ] 80386 x. H : (GDT), (LDT)(IDT). P80386n (GDTR), (LDTR) (IDTR). O LGDT, LLDT LIDT .T x x , x 8- . C x 8.192, x256. C . H 16-19 x xx. H13-, Tl (TI 1) (TI 0) , RPL x .C , 80386 uu . C , .O n x x.HPHKA316-19P x , T1 H 16-20 x (GDT), 00010000H, .O x u . H (0) . 0. x 80386 x. H , x0008H. Ou1 (TI 0), 00. 1 8 , ux 00010008H. 00200000Hun100H. Ou x 00200000H-00200100H. C DS ( ) , . A , .HPHKA316-20KnDSn . B , DS00100000H-001000FFH .C (LDT) u (GDT). E TI u . . P (GDTR) x un. P (LDTR) x , u16. KLDTRx0010 x un LDT. B x u, x , x u,. I, u.K GDT, (IDT) n un (IDTR). I r GDT IDT IDT x , GDT LDT.HPHKA3 16-21 B 80386 H 16-21 x , ] x. (HnT16-1xu .) B x 32- ] , u . 32- ] u . Hu x ] u . H n . C x u (TSS) GDT LDT .K x u , u u (TR). H]xn u .H (RET) u , xn (IRET) . uuCALL INT, , .P r x x u IDT x. IDT x 256 , .O, .2 IDT .2 16 IDT.O u 1 x x ,u x .IDT x .ruf sa fja ua saa (TSS) u (TSS) x ] , u, .PTSSTSSx. Jx u , u x , u x , x . TSS u(TR). KTRLTRx u JMP CALL . LTR u . H , CALL JUMP u u. B x u, CALL u.TSS H 16-22. K x , TSS x u ]. H TSS u . Oxn(RETorIRET) x TSS n TR. C x0. B,xESPESS 0-2. O u u , x(PL). O(]1CH)xCR3, x . O x n. K17uu. C x u, () , u TSS. H (] 66H) x I/O .HPHKA3 16-22 u (TSS) I/O x TSS I/O I/O I/O n . H n .13, . F I/O ]uTSS. Ox x TSS.C I/O 64 K- (8 ), ux ] I/O. HI/O x I/O I/O u 0000H-0007H. H xu0000H, u0007H. Ox (FFFFH) I/O . H 0 I/O I/O , 1 u I/O .K n u, 17 s n, u:1. Hux n u. I x TSS ] u u .2. C u TR u . (O u CALL JMP TSS .)3. TR TSS.4. A u TSS, TSS u ( ) u . A u TSS r TR. K x u ,u(JMPCALL)TSSTR, u TSS.Bxn u u:1. A u TSS.2. C u TR x TSS, x x .Bxn TSS IRET . 3L XC 80386 x x, u. x x PE 0CRO. x n 1 PE CRO, , ].C u x x:1.unx 32 . IDT x ( u ) x 256 8- u x 256 .2. un (GDT) x 0 , .3. Hn x, x PE CRO.4. Hn () JMP n un TR TSS .5.Bun ( ) .6. 80386 x,x ] GDT IDT.HPHKA3 16-23 H 16-1H16-23x]x u 1-6. C] u H 16-1. O , 4 x. O x x, x , , GDT. H 00,. O u, . O DOSWindows DOS. H, x DOS x.PHMEP 16-1K ,x uu x.3 x u xu,unu(TSS).Cu80386 x x u:1.Hn 32 IDT.2.Hn x u (TSS) u.3. H u u TSS, x u x TSS, TSS.4.Hn x n() n . Bun TR TSS .5. Bun TR TSS un .6. 80386 x u.H 16-2 ] nxn u.H u(00)80386.Bu,n(un)] x xu .PHMEP 16-2H H 16-1 16-2 ] . 3 n VCPI (] ) HIMEM.SYSDOSDPMI (DOS ] x) Windows DOS. H16-3x xn VCPI . O u x .HPHEP 16-3 8086 - EE x 8086 x.O x 8086 ] x x . H 16-24 8086 80386 x . A xn, uxu . O u . H, u, x 1 u. Ou , u u. H u, u u 80386 n, x u . Bn u x u n.C x x .H x] DOS x 10 .Oxux, 10 .HPHKA3 16-24 u 80386 8086 xI r 80386 x 8086 x u . B8086x, x: ] l 00000H-FFFFFH.H x 8086x n . H n, l , x ]u 4 . 8086 x n VM EFLAG 1. x IRET 00. O x u. O 1 x u n 13.B 8086 x x n xn, DOS. H 1 x 00100000H-01FFFFFH, 2 0020000H-02FFFFFH . C] 00000000H-000FFFFFH x r n n ]. H u, x .X3 3 x n x (u) , , ]u , n.Cj ] x. C quxj ]u . H , 20000H x 30000H ]u, , n. Ou 20000H 30000H.C 80386 4 . Hn ] x ]u x n. T n : , ]u . EEM386.EXE, u x , x n n x , r ROM-.kfy ua fauu x 1.024 n .C u ]u . (CR3) (H 16-13). K CR3 x , u 4 K . The MOVCR3, CR3n. B8086x, 8086DOS . x 1.024 , 4 . C ]x 4 . C (H 16-25) 10- . O 10- nu u . A (A32-A12), , 4. Hn]u 1.024 , 4 , , x 4 .B n 4 M 4 K . C x . u 16xn. O u Windows. B n u (16 ) u (16 ).K , H 16-25, ]:D Dirty 80386 x n .A Accessed1 .R/WU/S Read/writeuser/supervisor, x T 16-2. n 3, .P Present, 1, x x .AP 0, xn. B x, n.AP 0, xx .HPHKA3 16-25 B TAFEHA 16-2 3 3 n U/S R/Wana ua fauuT x1.024]u n]u.C4 4 ]u . u (H 16-25).I x ]u , x ]u 4]u . D (dirty) , ] ,x .H16-26 x n 80386.O, 00C03FFCH, , ]uXXXXX3FCH,xn. (3:XXXXX 4K]u.)xn] u:1. x 4 K ]u CR3.Ou.B .B8086 x, u ,xu]u u 8086 u.2.I10- (31-22), x , x n .O 10 .3.T.Ox 4.000 .4.B10-( 21-12).5.Bxu]u4 .6.H 12- (11-0) .x n x ]u xn.H, 20000000H , ]u. 4u20000000H-20000FFFH.C ]u, u u ]u , 12000000H-12000FFFH.Bn,10 200H , ] 800H .O x 20000000H-203FFFFFH.F (21-12) 4 K . 3 2000000H-20000FFFH, ( 0).Hx]uu, 12000000H-12000FFFH .HPHKA316-26Hn00CO3FFC]uXXXXXFFC. BXXXXX(x).: 1. nrf ua aafa nyfau kfyf sa fauu fanafa ua fauu r nffayaaf saufnr ua nuau a, a u uf ua fan.2. f (XXXXX) fu kafa fauua sau nsf sa fana ua fauu.H , u DOS. H 16-27. O x x u , DOS- x x . H DOS u 00000H 9FFFFH, 640 . H 9FFFFH, r u, u BIOSROM. B , 9FFFFH (A0000-AFFFFH). O x DOS, 704 , 640. T n A0000H-AFFFFH RAM u ] x 12H 13H.O x n 102000H-11 FFFFH. C] x n x n , H 16-4. B u CR3.Hxxn. Hn] x .HPHEP 16-4HPHKA3 1 6 - 2 7 AT 8048680486 x 1,2 . B x u (MMU); u80387, x 8 32- 80386. 80486 25 MHz, 33 MHz, 50 MHz, 66 MHz, 100 MHz . B 66 MHz , 100 MHz . B 1990-, K , H 100 MHz ( ) 80486, . Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 40 MHz, 80MHz()120MHz()]. 80486r80486DX 80486SX. E r 80486SX xu , . 80487SXu 80486SX.B r 80486 80386. K x , . Hx .rk an ua nuf kaj knuf 80486DX 80486SXH16-28u80486DX, PGA 168-. 80486SX, PGA 168-, . H B15 NMI 80486DX, A15 NMI 80486SX.E A15IGNNE 80486DX( 80486SX), C14 FERR 80486DX, B15 C14 80486SX .H n 80486 , Vcc Vss u . H u 5.0V +10 , 1.2 A 33 MHz . Hu 650 mA 33 MHz. H 3.3V 500 mA - 100 MHz. H 0 x4.0mA , 1x1.0mA. A , u u, 80486 ]. H 16-29x]80486DX. Bx], . A31-A2A A31-A2 I/O n; u n , A31-A4 x .HPHKA3 16-28 Hu 80486 A20Mddressbit20mask80486000FFFFFH00000000H, 8086. O ] 1 8086.ADS ddress data xu x x .AHOLD Hddress holdx n , . u u x n .BE3-BE0 HByteenable]] r I/O. C BE3xD31-D24, BE2xD23-D16, BETxD15-D8BEOxD7-D0.BLAST H Burst last x ] n BRDY.BOFF BBack-offu . bus hold BOFF 1.HPHKA3 16-29 80486 x ] BRDY BBurstready ] .BREQ HBus requestx 80486 n .BS8 B Bus size 8 u 80486 8- u I/O .BS16B Bus size 16 u 80486 16- u I/O .CLK B Clock 80486 u . B clock TTL- 25 MHz 80486 25 MHz.D31-D0M ] r I/O.HnD7-D0]xn n .D/C Hdata/controlx] . H T 16-3 x ]n D/C, M/IO W/R.DP3-DP0 I/O n un. A un x , PCHK 0 x . An , u 5.0V 3.3V n 3.3V.EADS BExternal addressstrobe AHOLD n .FERR HFloating-point errorx x . C xn DOS ].FLUSH B Cache flush 8 K .HLDA HHold acknowledgex HOLD .HOLDB Hold DMA . Hu , , uHLDA 0.IGNNE B Ignore numeric erroru x x n . O FERR .TAFEHA 16-3 H] M/IOD/C W/R ! "#0 0 0 nterrupt acknowledge0 0 1 Halt/special0 0 1/0 read0 1 1/0 write0 0 Opcode fetch0 1 Reserved1 0 Memory readMemory writeINTRB Interrupt request x , u u .KEN B Cache enable u .LOCK Hlock0 ]]lock.M/IOMemory/IOxI/0 u. C W/R I/O un n.NMI B Non-maskable interrupt 2.PCDH Pagecache disable PCD .PCHK HParity checkx n un DP3-DPO.PLOCK H Pseudo-lock x x . O 0 u 64 80- .PWT H Page write through x PWT .RDY BReadyx]. CRDY un x RDY.RESET BReset80486, u.T 16-4 x ] RESET 80486.W/RWrite/readun n.TAFEHA 16-4 E] RESET$! "% &!'( ( &( "% &!'() &(EAX00000000H ?EDX 0000400H + D* 00000400H + 1D*EFLAGS 00000002H00000002H EP 0000FFF0H0000FFF0H ES 0000H0000H CS F000HF000H DS 0000H0000H SS 0000H0000H FS 0000H0000H GS 0000H0000H DTR base= 0, limit= 3FFH base= 0, limit = 3FFHCR0 60000010H 60000010HDR7 00000000H 00000000H*+ skfD j uau ufn sa s ua knuf. uua 80486 axfkfyaAx80486DXu80386. Kx80386 80486DX u SK- .80486SX u 80386 8 , u .HPHKA3 16-30 B 80486 H 16-30 80486. A x 80386, x . H r 8038680486 80486n n 80386 u .K u 80386, 80486 x 8 32- : EAX,EBX, ECX, EDX, EBP, EDI, ESI ESP. B x 8, 16 32- . 16- 80286 : AX, BX, CX, DX, BP, DI, SI SP. 8- AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH DL.K , 80486x 80386, CS, DS, ES, SS, FS GS. C 16-, x .IP (xu ) x 1 CS EIP ( xu ) 4 . H x, ]x, u 80286 80386.80486 x , un, 80386. H 16-30, , u 80386.un MMU n x .H (EFLAGS) H 16-31. K u u , ] . E AC( n), x . E]] n .HPHKA3 16-31 EFLAG 80486 (F H )80486 k f 80486 u 80386. 80486 x 4 ux00000000HxFFFFFFFFH. I 80486 ] 8 , n n . u/ 80486./ . H u n u u . 3 , H uu/ . 80486 n. H , .FuDP0-DP3, ,. Ou n u un.H un, PCHK . I u n, PCHK .Hu DOS.H16-32x 80486, u n . O 80386, u n. A, Hu DP0-DP3 5.0V.HPHKA3 16-32 O 80486 , x ,(!%. K () , .K 4, ()x164.Kxn. K . O u x , , . B u, r. Oun n u . C u ] . B, n, , u .K 0 (CRO) n 80386. CD ( ) NW ( xn ) 80486 8 . A CD 1, x . B ] n u u. NW u xn . K u CD, xn n. 3 CD 0 NW 0.C 80486, ] x , 80386, . Kx, 80486 u 32- .Hn ] x . H ] x u32- u n. O x un. A]] 8048633MHz, x 167 , ], , 32- un ] x n. .H 16-34 un 80486 ]x. Cn . H n T1 , n T2 ] r . RDY 0 . B]x n n ] n u . 3 20 MHz 80486, n 100 28 ] 6 ] . O ] x 100 - 34 76 . C , u n n, x un. H, -]] 80486, . 80486 33 MHz, 66 MHz 100 MHz 33 MHz. C , x 100MHz, 33 MHz. B ] x 33 MHz x 60 24 36 . Ou, un DRAM .HPHKA3 16-33 K (CRO) 80486HPHKA3 16-34 B un ] x 80486H 16-35 n u 32- n ] x . A (A31-A4) T1 ] x .A2 A3 T2A2xu32- . K , n x ] x n ( T1 u T2) u . B 20 MHz 80486 50 - 28 - 5 17 xn.3]]x, . C n DRAM 40, SRAM ] ] x. C 33 MHz x 30 - 19 - 5 , 6 . Au A2 A3, 19x,30525 SRAM . O u x ]x, SRAM . HBRDYx ] ]xRDY ].HPHKA316-35H]xuu n.80486 k uauf80486 x u 80386. O u n x ] 4 K 4 K . T 80386. B, r80386u 80486 u n.80486 n x x n , u 80386. H 16-36 . A 80386, (PWTPCD). Fu xn (PWT) xn u (PCD) n.PWT ] n . Hn. Hu rPWT80486. Hx xn .PCD. APCD0, . K 80386 0 PCD , xx n. A PCD 1, x. Kn x KEN, CD NW.k ff rfH , ]80486.80486TR3(),TR4() TR5( ), 80386. O H 16-37.K (TR3) ] n n ] un un . O 8 80486 n . C u ( u 128-), TR3 u u.KTR5uTR3. 7-128-uu16-. KTR532-ill/read].KTR5x n ] un ] (00),n (01), un (10) (11).P (TR4) x , LRU . O n x, , LRU u un .HPHKA3 16-36 K HPHKA3 16-37 K 80486 K , AHOLD RESET . O u 80486 BIST. BIST TR3, TR4 TR5 . HxEAX. EAX, , . B EAX x n x . B x u, , TLB.$*1. 80386 80286 u u n. 80386 u 32-32- . C 80386DX 16- 24- 80386SX . 80386EX u AT-.2. 80386 4 ]u x 64 T-. 80386 u 32- , .3. K 80386 x , x . Oxu . O , x .4. Cxu , .A , , x .5. I/O 80386 u 80286, u I/O x u80386xI/O TSS.6. C 80386 x x 80286. OxuEAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, EBP,ESP,EDI, ESI, EIPEFLAGS. Kx, (FSGS). x u u x.7. C 80386 , u 32- . H n x nx . n, x x 1, 2, 4 8. r n , u ,n n .8. H 80386 x u . B u.9. u 80386 u 80286, ]u MMU u 32- 24-. 80386 MMU x n.10. K x , 80386 x (8086 x). P x x 1 . B x, 80386 4 ]u .11. 8 u 80386 . u . x.12. u . 3 n u, 80386 : (GDT), (LDT), (IDT). GDT LDT u 8.192 , IDT u 256 . GDT LDT , u. IDT256uu .13. TSS ( u) x ] u, x u. H TSS u I/O I/O .14. x n x 4 K- ]u 4 K . H, 00A00000Hx A0000000H x n. ]u .x n x x x.15. 8048680386x8K80387 u ; x n.16. 80486 xn(XADD) n(CMPXCHG) (BSWAP). O ,80486100 80386 80387.17. H r 80486 BIST( ) , n. A 80486 ,EAX x .18.H 80486 xn . O TR3 ( ), TR4 ( ) TR5( ). H , BIST BIST n. H x n x r 80486.H u n ,u , u , n. K ] 8 K, n , .u 32-64-.Hu 80486 u . u x .H, nx ].B H,]xH80X86.H H H x ] x x n x .HH x 256K512K16(8K 8K ). u , H H 64 . H n , x x:1. r H H H 80386 80486.2.]64-H .3. x u n 80386 80486.4. r H .5.H .6. n.7. n H H H.8.]x un HH.HH , ] . B , I/O H .H 17-1 u H , x 237 PGA. H : H P24T u Pentium OverDrive. B P24T x32- u n 80486 xuP24T.BP24T r.Hxu H,xx80486 64 n u ,32, ]u ].HPHKA3 17-1 Hu H K H , x Hu5.0V .Hu 3,3 A 66 MHz H,2.91 A 60 MHz.C n, n :13 W 66MHz11.9 W 60MHz.A H, 90MHzx,u 3.3Vn. H .H xxVccVssn, 5.0V3.3V .H uN/C(n) .H H nu. H,133MHzH3.4A, u 3.3 A 66 MHz.C H x 4.0 mA 0 2.0 mA 1.O n n , 2.0 mA x 8086, 8088 80286 . C n+15A .K ,, n ].C ] H :A20 A A20 mask x H n , 8086, HIMEN.SYS.A31-A3 512.000x64 r H. AO, AlA2](BE7-BE0)x u 64-.ADS TH I/O.C W/RM/IO un n x 8086-80286 .AHOLD Address hold x H x AP .AP I/O] H. AP x] n EADS .APCHK x 0 H x n .BE7-BE0 C n , , u . O AO, Al A2.BOFF BBack-off H BOFF.O x BOFF,H .BP3:2] PM/BP1:0] H u BP3-BP0 x rn urn.Hn PM1PM0 x n .BRDYB Burst ready input H n.C un H.BREQ H Bus request x H n .BT3-BT0HBranchtrace2-0 n BT3. O n.BUSCHK BBus check x H ] .CACHE H Cache x H x .CLKu x u ]] H.H , H66 MHz, x u 66 MHz.D63-D0 u,, u r I/O .D/C Data/controlx u x I/O 1.AD/C 0, .DP7-DP0u H n.EADSB m x xn.EWBEBqmx n un.FERR Imx x ERROR 80386 x .FLUSCH BFlush cacheu x x n . A FLUSH 0 n, H x.FRCMC x qx x ] H x (1) x (0).HIT Hitx x n.HITM Hit modifiedx n ].O .HOLD Hold DMA .HLDA Hold acknowledge x H hold .IBT Instruction branch takenx H n .IERRHInternal errorxHn ] .IGNNEBIgnore numtric erroru H u .INIT B jj n ,] x x n . O x n RESET un.INTR B x .INVH Invalidation xn.IU HU-pipeinstruction completex U-.IVHV-pipe instruction completex V-.KENB Cache enable x n.LOCKLOCK 0 ] ]LOCK:. O u DMA.M/IO Memory/IO 1 I/O 0. 3 I/O ,x16-I/O nA15-A3.NA Next address x ] .NMI Non-maskableinterruptx, x .PCDHPage cache disablex n x ]n CR3 PCD .PCHKHParitycheckun I/O.PENBParityenablex .PRDYH Probe ready x n .PWT H Page write-through x PWT CR3.R/S O u H .RESET Reset Hux u n] FFFFFFFOH.H x, 12 n l (FFFH) . O x x . H T17-1 x H n x.TAFEHA 17-1 C H RESET$!R-.-/ 0!'(R-.-/1 2I./ 0!'(EAX0 0 (ak nu fff)EDX 0500XXXXH 0500XXXXHEBX, ECX, ESP, EBP, ES ED 0 0EFLAGS 2 2EP 0000FFF0H0000FFF0HCs F000H F000HDS, ES, FS, GS SS 0 0GDTR TSS 0 0CRO 60000010H 60000010HCR2, CR3 CR4 0 0DRO-DR3 0 0DR6 FFFF0FFO0H FFFF0FF0HDR? 00000400H 00000040H: BST = rau afff; XXXX = Ej ua nufykafa sja.SCYC H Split cycle u .SMI BSystem management interruptu H x u.SMIACTHSystemmanagementinterruptactivexH x u.TCK B Testability clock ] n IEEE 1149.1] Hu n.TDI B Test data n H TCK.TDOHTest dataH TCK.TMS B Test mode select H x n.TRST B Test reset x x n.W/R Write/read x n 1 un 0.WB/WTOa m/x m n H.k fH4, 80386DX 80486. P x .H 64- , 512.HH17-2 ]u H.H , .K80486,H u ] u .(HxH.)64- u .Hn u64.K xH, 00000000H FFFFFFFFH. n (BE7-BE0).O H x , , u ].K x , u n .H H (A31-A5) . AP ] , APCHK x .H x .I , () .HPHKA3 17-2 8- H K 32- H H x ] u 32- n n 64- u 32-u .H17-3 x ( ] ) 64- H u 32- u. n n ] x r u.Cuun. I x 4.HPHKA3 17-3 K 32- 64-u Hff ns/snsC/HxH.F I/Ou A15-A3, nI/O].3ux80386,TSSI/O ] H x.Hn xI/Ou .A I/O,H 13 I/O.fk n ua fK , n . C n H , x .O :T1 T2. H H 17-4 un . OxH66MHzx33 ] . O x x .O x W/R ADS0 u (T1). O u uu u.B T1, ADS, W/R, M/IO. C W/R MRDC MWTC , n W/R. H 2---1-I/O. HH17-5 I/O H.B T2, xT2. Bu 3,8 ns, xn 2,0ns. O u u 5,8 ns. A 8,0 ns T1. O u H 66 MHz x 30,3ns ( n) xn 8,0ns, 3,8 ns n .B un 30,38,03,8 18,5ns. O x SRAM, DRAM n un .C un n BRDYH. C BRDY 0 T2; , T2 . H H 17-6 un x un . E] n un x, x . B x n , x, 60 ns DRAM x . O n u un 15,2ns ( n) x 79,5 ns. O ]DRAM- .HPHKA3 17-4 H un H HPHKA3 17-5 K I/O CBRDYxnu.H17-7xnBRDYn un H. Hn u un 80386.ADS x r 0 7 74F161 n BRDY . Tu un 74F151 8---1- . B , 4 un n.H]un]. P]H]u64-]n . P] , un, ]15,2ns. A2, , un . A x , un, . H 17-8 ] ] un. K x, x un xx .HPHKA3 17-6 B H u un 79,5 nsHPHCTAH17-7Kunxn ADS. Ox u un.rka sa nyan ua asrauyanHnn n u xn. B xn, xn(), nu xn. H u , x n, n x n. Aunn , n n . Bxu, nn uxn.fykfya ua ku jafaK H r 80486. H x8K80486. H8K8K. K , .HPHKA317-8O] ]u64- r B 80486, , x . O 80486. KH, x .ynkanaua axfkfyaH n. E , (U- V-) . Ou x . H, FADD ST,ST(2), MOV EAX,10H MOV EBX,12H x , . FADD ST,ST(2) , MOVEAX,10H U-, MOVEBX,12H by the V-pipe.T ] u n ]n x u x . O x 40 n ]. K x u H. H 80386 80486, . O r 80386 .ufnu rfH 17-9 x H .B , CR4.B H. H16-1380386. C CR4:CD Cache disable . A CD 1, n , x x ] x.A CD 0, n x u .NW Notwrite-throughx. ANW 1, x xn .AM Alignment maskx n. H n x, 3.WP Writeprotectn . K WP 1, x u .NE Numeric errorx n u. A NE 1, FERR u . NE 0, .VME Virtual mode extension x x. A VME 0, x .HPHKA3 17-9 C H PVI Protectedmodevirtual interruptx x.TSD Time stamp disable RDTSC.DE Debugging extensionx I/O u u n .PSE Page size extension x x 4 .MCE Machine check enable x .HxCR4CRO.O .EFLAG rfP (EFLAG) H . H 17-10 EFLAG. u x H. C u ]:ID HxqxjnCPUID. A x u ID , x CPUID.VIP Virtual interrupt pending x un .VIF B x IF VIP.AC x x AM 0.rau afff (BST)(BIST)unn1INITRESET 10. BIST 70 H 150 s. H n BIST, H EAX. A EAX 0, BIST H . AEAX x , H .HPHKA3 17-10 C H EFLAG + asuf f rff ukaf sau sa ua ynfa u a a quaaf. U E u H 80386 80486. Hx x H. I n x u.uua sa nfanx n ] 4 x H4. KH116, nx x . Hn n4, x4 . B H, n 4 , u . H 4 PSE 0.I r 4K n 4M n 4M n . H H17-114Mn H . T u . x x10- ( 4K ).34K, ; , 4 . ua k uaufPxu(SMM)x, x x ] u. SMM . H ] , n .HPHKA3 17-11H 00200001H x 01000002H 4 M- . C x .H SMM x SMI H.K SMM,un ] u u RAM SMRAM. H SMI x u u . Bxn SMM . RSM x x u x .H SMM ], u 38000H,n CS3000HEIP8000H. O u x n1. Bu n x x u, u x 1 , SMMxHxu4 .K ] u 38000H, SMM H .. .Cn 3FFA8H 3FFFFH, 3FE00H 3FEF7H H. T 17-2 x n . Cn I/O n ] SMMx RSM.B x x RSM nI/O. AnSMMx]n I/O, RSM u x .TAFEHA 17-2 SMM ]n n H FFFCH CROFFF8H CR3FFF4H EFLAGSFFF0H EIPFFECH EDIFFE8H ESIFFE4H EBPFFE0H ESPFFDCH EBXFFD8H EDXFFD4H ECXFFD0H EAXFFCCH DR6FFC8H DR7FFC4H TRFFC0H LDTRFFBCH GSFFB8H FSFFB4H DSFFB0H SSFFACH CSFFA8H ESFF04H-FFA7H ReservedFF02H Ha! a"!# res!ar!FF00H I$O !ra% res!ar!FEFCH S&& rev's'#( 'de(!')erFEF8H S!a!e d"*% +aseFE00H-FEF7H Reserved: qf af uujanu nuau ua asua aa 00003000H.SMMxx . Hu x , 38000H-3FFFFH ]. A SMRAMn, n x .O SMM x SMRAM ]n ]n ( 3FEF8H 3F3FBH) x u. K x RSM, xx , SMM n. H , ]n 000E8000H, SMM E8000H-EFFFFH ]n H. O DOS Windows. H x ] ] ; nx u . T 17-3 x H.H CMPXCHG8B x CMPXCHG 80486. H CMPXCHG8B 64- EDX EAX 64- . H , CMPXCHG8BDATAl DATAl 64- EDXEAX. ADATAl EDX:EAX, 64- ECX:EBX DATAl. A, DATAl EDX:EAX. F x EDX:EAX DATAl.H CPUID u CPU ] ] H.T17-4xu]CPUIDu EAX. 3 n CPUID, u EAX , CPUID. H] x , x .A 0 EAX n CPUID, x] u EBX, EDX EBX. H , H H xGenuinelntel ASCII Genu EBX, inel EDX ntel ECX. EDX x ] EAX u 1 n CPUID.TAFEHA 17-3 H H C&PXCHG8B ,-./0123 4 /356073 73 -896 23:;4CP3?0 73 CP< 4107;4@4A3B48A4-; A-1RDTSC C/-:3D 73 -573A4 E- /03F7- E/060RD&SR G-10F 73 ED4;9E3?0 73 -1/0107 /0H48;3/IR&SR G-10F 73 .4J9E3?0 73 -1/0107 /0H48;3/RS& =/3>3?0 -1 ./0A47 73 848;068A4-; 6073K607;TAFEHA 17-4 n CPUID (EAX) !" #$%&'0 EAX L M 53 84;0 64A/-./-B08-/4EBX-EDX-ECX L 4107;4@4A3B4:3 73 ./-45E019E3D-;M EAX N+'!s 3-0O L ID 53 ./06479E3?0 ./0A9 45E-/74-; A-1 EAX N+'!s 7-4O L G-10FEAX N+'!s MM-8O L ,060:8;E-EAX N+'!s M3-M2O L P4.EAX N+'!s 3M-M4O L Q050/E4/37-EDX N+'! 0O L CP< 8-1/R4 FP