principles of design section 1. proportion relationship of one part of the design – to the other...
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of Design
Section 1
Proportion
• Relationship of one part of the design –To the other parts –To the whole
Proportion
• Must be in proportion to where it is going to be displayed
• Harmony with the location
Proportion
• Arrangement Height–Should be 1 ½ times the height of
the container–May be increased based on the
room–Material may change the
proportion
Proper Height
• 4 aspects– Physical dimension of the container–Color of the container–Material and texture of the container– Shape of the container
• Heavier darker containers will support taller arrangements
• Glass container is best for shorter arrangements
Proportion
• Should not obstruct the view of those people participating in a dinner conversation
• Arrangements should be kept low or high
Proportion
• Flowers and foliage of equal or nearly equal size
• Large mums should not be mixed with baby’s breath
Scale
• Another word for size• Overall project compared with
other objects• 4 areas of scale
1. Flowers to Container
• Container important because it tells the size of the entire design
• Small=small flowers• Large = massive showy flowers
2. Flowers to Flowers
• Flowers within the composition need to be similar in scale to one another
• Huge flowers can overshadow tiny blossoms
3. Flowers to Foliage
• Size of foliage should be in scale with the flowers
• Various foliages should be in scale with one another
4. Arrangements to Surroundings
• Size of table or area where sitting
• Size of the entire room
Balance
• Equality in weight• Achieved through several
methods
Physical Balance
• Stability of the plant materials within the container
• Will not fall over• Stand freely on it’s own
Visual Balance
• Refers to perception of the arrangement being balanced–Being equal in weight on both sides
of the central axis
• A design that is not visually balanced is much like a crooked picture on the wall
Visual Balance
• From three views–Side to side–Top to bottom–Front to back
• Two types–Symmetrical–Asymmetrical
Symmetrical Balance
• Same balance on both sides of a central axis
• You could fold the arrangement in half and it would be the same
• Exhibited in formal settings• Examples–Oval, round, fan, triangle, vertical
arrangements–Oval and round centerpieces
Asymmetrical Balance
• Unequal material placements
• Informal design• Examples–Crescent, Hogarth
curve, fan, diagonal, vertical, ikebana, scalene, right triangle
Balance
• Three main techniques to help achieve balance–Visual Weight–Centering–Counterbalancing
Visual Weight
• Flower’s perceived lightness or heaviness based on: –Color–Shape–Pattern
• Varying visual weight helps achieve the compensation in asymmetrical designs
Centering
• Placing dominant plant material along a design’s central vertical axis
• Allows for heavier plant material to be placed in the design
Counterbalancing
• Balancing materials on one side of a design with visually equal materials of the opposite end
• Essential in symmetrical designs
• Can help avoid strict mirror imaging
Rhythm
• Creating a pathway for the eye to follow
• Cause the viewer to look at the entire arrangement
• Two types–Regular, repeated–Free, variable
• 5 methods
Regular, Repeated Rhythm
• Materials are repeated at regular intervals from the top to bottom of the arrangement
Free, Variable Rhythm
• Unstructured style• Subtle flowing movement
5 Methods
• Radiation• Repetition• Transition• Variety• Contrast
Radiation
• Stems radiate out naturally from the container
• Top view shows stems appearing as the spokes of a wheel
• Crossing stems is avoided
Repetition
• Repeating something throughout the arrangement–Color –Shape–Space–Lines
Transition
• Change of one material into another
• Should be smooth and gradual
• Lighter flowers near the container edge blend into the heavier ones towards the center
Variety
• Diverse assortment of differing components
• Focuses attention and stimulates interest and imagination
Contrast
• Objects have striking difference
• Beyond mere variety or diversity taking variety to a higher degree
Principles of Design
Section 2
Dominance
• Importance of the design• Interest and attention captured
by one feature• Achieved in 5 different ways
5 Ways to Achieve Dominance
• Using dominant plant material• Using an emphasized design
element• Using a distinct style• Using a theme• Using a focal point
Plant Material
Emphasized Design Element
Distinct Style
Theme
Focal Point
Focal Point
• Center of interest• Not all arrangements need• Several methods for creation
Methods for Focal Point
• Large flowers• Different flower forms• Dark shades• Framing materials• Strong contrast color• Radiation of plant materials to a
specific area• Use of accessories
Line
• Visual movement between two points
• Help create shape or express an emotional response
• Created through line materials
Line Materials
• Snapdragoon• Liatris• Scotch broom• Use to create very
definite horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or curvilinear lines.
Shape and Form
• Form– 3 dimensional outline
• Shape– 2 dimensional aspect of the form
• Can exist naturally or can be created
Common Forms
• Geometric• Naturalistic• Freeform
Geometric
• Most often circle and triangle
• Basic shapes can be varied–Ovals, fans, scalene
triangle, right triangles, crescent
Naturalistic
• Mirror the natural growth of plants
• Often include groupings of plant material
Freeform
• More contemporary
• Take your own liberties
• Create• Don’t have to
follow rules
Flowers
• Form Flowers–Have distinctive shapes– Tropical flowers
• Mass flowers–Round solid flowers–Carnations and mums
• Filler flowers– Light airy flowers– Baby’s breath and sea lavender
Pattern and Texture
• Texture–Surface quality of
the plant material• Rough, smooth,
velvety, satiny or hairy
–Also has visual texture• Fine, airy, lacy,
delicate, or bold
Color
• Most important• Emotion• Helps with other
principles