principles of designing “imagination is more important than knowledge. knowledge is limited....
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of Designing
“Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.”
Einstein
Maslow’s Needs
• Every successful product solves a need
• Maslow defined a hierarchy of needs
• You MUST innovate you products to solve a perceived need
• Otherwise what is the point?
Maslow’s Needs
• Health FOOD sleep• A basic fundamental
need• The others will not
even become a need unless you have the basics
Maslow’s Needs
• Shelter• Safety• A basic need once
you are fed• You need to feel safe• Such products as:
alarms, clothes, buildings, locks and so on
Maslow’s Needs
• Belonging needs• introduce our tribal
nature. If we are helpful and kind to others they will want us as friends.
• Products that maintain this: mobile phones, fashion, music
Maslow’s Needs
• Esteem needs are for a higher position within a group. If people respect us, we have greater power.
• A demonstration of how clever we are, what we own
Maslow’s Needs
• Self actualisation needs are to 'become what we are capable of becoming', which would our greatest achievement.
• Creative, thoughtful, expressive, valued
Maslow’s Needs
• A product you design will satisfy a need within this hierarchy
• Two further needs– To understand– To appreciate beauty
Research Strategies
• Product Analysis
• Reverse Engineering
• Market research
• Primary and secondary research materials
• Problem abstraction
• Mood/Lifestyle Boards
Research Strategies
• Product Analysis• Break down• ACCESS FM• Disassemble• Evaluate• Study• Learn• Ultimately improve
Research Strategies
• Reverse Engineer• Copy• Find out how it works• Working backwards
Research Strategies
• Market research– Brand equity research -
how favorably do consumers view the brand?
– Concept testing - to test the acceptance of a concept by target consumers
– Customer satisfaction studies - exit interviews or surveys that determine a customer's level of satisfaction with the quality of the transaction
Research Strategies
• Market research– Demand estimation - to
determine the approximate level of demand for the product
– Distribution channel audits - to assess distributors’ and retailers’ attitudes toward a product, brand, or company
– Positioning research - how does the target market see the brand relative to competitors? - what does the brand stand for?
Research Strategies
• Market research– Price elasticity testing -
to determine how sensitive customers are to price changes
– Segmentation research - to determine the demographic, psychographic, and behavioural characteristics of potential buyers
– Online panel - a group of individual who accepted to respond to marketing research online
Research Strategies
• Market research– Store audit - to
measure the sales of a product or product line at a statistically selected store sample in order to determine market share, or to determine whether a retail store provides adequate service
Problem Solving Strategies
• Analogy
• Collective notebook
• Morphology
• Six thinking hats
• Lateral Thinking
• Mood/lifestyle boards
Problem Solving Strategies
• Mood boards• Visual design• Shape, form and
aesthetic• Creates a mood for
design
Problem Solving Strategies
• Life style – the clients life style• The clients everyday products• Inspirational
Problem Solving Strategies
• Lateral Thinking• Outside the box • Consider the daft• Suspend criticism
• Draw 4 straight lines through each dot without taking your pen off the paper
Problem Solving Strategies
• Lateral Thinking• Means
Every Ideas
Your Ideas
Silly Ideas
Ideas
Any
Ideas My
granny’s
Ideas
New idea
Problem Solving Strategies
• Six thinking hats• Think about the
problem with a different hat on
• Generates new ideas• All go into the funnel
New idea
Problem Solving Strategies
• Morphology• ACCESS FM• Morph the problem
into 7 categories• A TABLE!
New idea
Environment
Clients
Aesthetics
Problem
Problem Solving Strategies
• Collective notebook• All write or draw ideas• Pass the book around• Everyone has a go• Sketch anything• Brainstorming• Reserve judgement
New idea
Problem Solving Strategies
• Analogy
• Take another product and use it to influence the design of your product
• Dyson used system designed to move pellets of plastic around
• Aircraft carrier uses the reverse of a ski jump
Problem Solving Strategies
Problem Solving Strategies
Principles of designing
• Problem• Research• Ideas• Make• Evaluate
• PRIME
Principles of designing
• Problem• Research• Ideas• Make• Evaluate
• Innovation Spiral
Principles of your designing• WJEC marking criteria
– Designing– (a) Analyse and research design situations 10– (b) Develop a specification 10– (c) Generating and developing ideas and proposals 17– (d) Detail designing 14– (e) Evaluating and decision making 12– (f) Communication / Key skills 12– Making– (g) Planning for making 10– (h) Selection and use of materials and equipment 10– (i) Use of materials and processes 15– (j) Accuracy in the implementation of the design solution 15– (k) Finish of the design solution 10– (l) Function of the design solution 15– TOTAL 150
Principles of your designing
Innovation
What is INNOVATION
• the act of introducing something new: something newly introduced (The American Heritage Dictionary).
• the introduction of something new. (Merriam-Webster Online)
• a new idea, method or device. (Merriam-Webster Online)
• the successful exploitation of new ideas (Department of Trade and Industry, UK).
• change that creates a new dimension of performance Peter Drucker (Hesselbein, 2002)
What is INNOVATION
Something NEW
Engineers INNOVATE
• Engineering is about innovating
• Engineers come up with new ideas all the time
• “Necessity is the mother of invention”
• CAN YOU INNOVATE?
Engineers INNOVATE
• An important distinction is normally made between invention and innovation.
• Invention is the first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process, while
• innovation is the first attempt to carry it out into practice
• (Fagerberg, 2004: 4)
Engineers INNOVATE
• Product innovation – involves the introduction of a new good or
service that is new or substantially improved. This might include improvements in functional characteristics, technical abilities, ease of use, or any other dimension.
Engineers INNOVATE
• Key concepts in innovation
– Invention– Design– Product champion– Entrepreneur– Innovation
• Key concepts in innovation
– Radical innovation– Incremental innovation– Dominant design– Process innovation– Diffusion
Key Concepts
• Invention– A novel idea that has been transformed into
reality given physical form such as a description, sketch model, conveying the essential principles of the product, process or system
• Design– Specific plans, drawings and instructions to
enable the manufacture of the products, processes or systems
Key Concepts
• Product Champion– An individual or group committed to the development
of a certain product or process, prepared to champion it against all others [Dyson and Bayliss]
• Entrepreneur– An individual or group committed to the development
of a certain product or process, and prepared to provide or persuade others to provide the financial backing to turn the invention into an innovation
Key Concepts
• Innovation– A novel product, process or system at the
point of first commercial introduction or use.
• Radical Innovation– A major new step in the development of
technology
• Incremental Development– Technical modifications or improvements to
an existing product, process or system
Key Concepts
• Dominant design– Which is the design that contains those implicit
features which are recognised as essential by a majority of manufacturers and purchasers
• Process Innovation– That is an improvement in the organisation of
manufacture
• Diffusion– Which is the process of adoption of an innovation into
increasingly widespread use in the market.
Key Concepts
• Dominant design– Which is the design that contains those implicit
features which are recognised as essential by a majority of manufacturers and purchasers
• Process Innovation– That is an improvement in the organisation of
manufacture
• Diffusion– Which is the process of adoption of an innovation into
increasingly widespread use in the market.
Six key components
• What do you think it takes to turn an invention into an innovation?
• NEED or DEMAND• IDEA• TECHNOLOGY• MONEY or RESOURCES• DETERMINATION• SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
“Why should companies be ledby accountants, lawyers and
salesmen?
Empowering engineers means that
Team leaders provide inspiration,not just balance sheets.”
James Dyson
INNOVATE
Innovative products and materials