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Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹丹丹丹丹丹丹丹 Wang Yuping 王王王

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Page 1: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme

丹麦养猪育种进展

Wang Yuping

王余平

Page 2: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Danish Meat Association丹麦肉食协会

• Danish Bacon & Meat Council (Danske Slagterier)

丹麦熏肉和肉食品委员会

• The Danish Livestock and Meat Board (Kødbranchens Fællesråd)

丹麦家畜和肉食品委员会

• The Danish Poultry Council (Det Danske Fjerkræraad)

丹麦家禽委员会

• Danish Meat Association (DMA). 2005年 10 月宣布合并, 2006年 4月 1 日开始运营

Page 3: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

The tasks of DMA丹麦肉食协会的任务

• Research and development

研发• Food safety

食品安全• Veterinary alert system

兽医报警体系• Marketing promotion and market access

市场营销和市场准入• Administration and financial management

行政和财务管理• Communication

联络

Page 4: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Lande Produkter

0

200

400

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800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1.00

0 to

nn

es

Danish pigmeat exports丹麦猪肉出口增长

Page 5: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Canada Denmark USA

Leading pigmeat exporters猪肉出口领先国家

20041000 t

2

1

3

Page 6: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

0

20

40

60

80

100

国内消费 出口

Domestic consumption and exports of Danish pork丹麦猪肉内销和出口

%

Domestic Consumption

Exports

Page 7: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

1000

to

nn

es

Other

Processed meat

Bacon

Cuts

Lande Næste dias

Danish pigmeat exports by Product丹麦猪肉出口产品

Page 8: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平
Page 9: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Meat Percentage Payment System按瘦肉率为标准的定价体系

-1-0. 8-0. 6-0. 4-0. 2

00. 20. 40. 6

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

瘦肉率

/Kg

克朗

Page 10: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

The pig prices week no. 32, 20062006年第 32周生猪价格

100Kg 活重 742.5 克朗,相当于 1,017元人民币

瘦肉率 60%(欧洲标准 ) 60%

屠宰率 75%

瘦肉量 45Kg

瘦肉价格 16.50 克朗 /Kg

DKr./kg 克朗 /Kg Danish Crown公司

TiCan公司

Slaughterpigs (best weight group)屠体 ( 最佳重量 )

9,90 9,90

Sows (more than 130 kg):淘汰母猪 ( 体重大于 130Kg)

6,60 6,60

Page 11: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Levy and membership fee屠宰税和会员费

Pig slaughter levy: 生猪屠宰税 Pigs < 110 kg carcase weight: DKK 6.25 猪 <110 Kg 屠体重: 6.25 克朗 Pigs > 110 kg carcase weight: DKK 15.65 猪 >110Kg 屠体重 15.65 克朗

Export of piglets: 出口猪苗 Piglets 小猪 < 15 kg DKK 3.45 克朗 Piglets 小猪 > 15 kg , < 50 kg DKK 4.15 克朗

Membership fee: DKK 4.50会员费: 4.50 克朗

Page 12: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Export of pigmeat products丹麦猪肉食品出口比例

Source: Danmarks statistik

  Share of pork exports, %猪肉出口比例, %

Year年度

Value DKK M

总额百万克朗

% change from year

before年度变化

Totalexports总出口

Agriculturalexports

农产品出口

Animal Agricultural

exports畜产品出口

2001 29,310 +19.4 6.9 54.1 63.8

2002 25,797 -12.0 6.1 50.2 60.1

2003 23,898 -7.4 5.6 49.1 59.2

2004 25,993 +8.7 5.7 51.1 60.4

2005 26,814 +3.2 5.3 51.4 60.0

Page 13: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Danish Export of live Pigs 丹麦活猪出口

2005 年度活猪出口

Weaners ,小猪 0-15Kg 313,752

Weaners ,中猪 15-50 Kg 2,720,577

Slaughter pigs ,育肥猪 471,098

Sows ,生产母猪 159,761

Total ,合计 3,665,188

Page 14: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

月份 2000 2001 2002 2003

1 7.05 8.57 7.10 6.60

2 7.02 9.02 7.07 6.58

3 7.53 10.53 7.31 6.54

4 8.06 10.09 7.34 6.56

5 8.75 9.92 6.86 6.47

6 8.87 10.18 6.66 6.17

7 8.92 9.46 6.32 6.24

8 8.54 8.83 6.12 6.26

9 8.24 7.91 6.87 6.76

10 8.21 7.98 6.82 7.00

11 8.69 7.70 6.84 6.83

12 8.78 7.56 6.64 6.33

全年 8.24 8.90 6.85 6.53

The rati o between the pri cefor sl aughterpi gs and compound feedi ng stuff

屠体与混合饲料的价格比

The Pig Production Economy

养猪经济

Page 15: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Pig producers in Denmark丹麦的猪生产者

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

No.

of p

ig p

rodu

cers

1975 1985 1995 2005

Page 16: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Pig production in Denmark丹麦生猪出栏量

11.3

14.416.3

22.4 22.924

24.7 25.2 25.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pig

s p

rod

uc

ed

(m

.)

1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Færre intervaller Næste dias

Page 17: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Environmental restrictions环保限制

• A certain amount of land is required for every animal

produced

每头出栏猪要求一定量的土地

• Sufficient storage capacity for slurry

充足的污水存储能力

• Limit on growth of production

产量增长受到限制

Page 18: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Animal welfare regulations in Denmark丹麦动物福利法规

• EU regulations: 欧盟法规

– Group housing of pregnant sows 妊娠母猪群养

– Space requirements 空间的要求

– Weaning at min. 4 weeks 至少 4 周断奶

– Alarm systems for ventilation 通风的警报系统

• Danish regulations: 丹麦法规

– Cooling facilities 降温设施

– Partly slattered flooring 部分漏粪地板

– No tooth clipping and special

requirements for tail docking

不准剪牙和对剪尾的特别要求

– Rooting materials of natural origin

天然原产的拱食原料

Video: Dyrevelfærd Varighed: 1:51

Page 19: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Food safety 食品安全

• No use of antibiotic growth promoters 抗生素生长促进剂的禁用

• No direct sales of antibiotics from the vets 禁止兽医直接销售抗生素

• Minimal antibiotic residues 抗生素残留最小限量

• No residues of hormones heavy metals and pesticides

无激素残留、重金属和杀虫剂残留

• Fully integrated Salmonella surveillance programme

完整的、综合的 沙门氏菌的监督计划

• Salmonella in fresh carcases at low level (<1.5%)

新鲜屠体中沙门氏菌低水平检出率 (<1.5%)Video: Kødprøve Varighed: 1:30

Page 20: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Industry structure生猪屠宰业的结构

• 0.9 million pigs were slaughtered at private slaughterhouses 私人屠宰厂屠宰 90 万头• 3.7 million pigs were exported 出口 370 万头•25.7 million pigs were produced 生猪出栏 2570 头

1970 1980 1990 2005Companies Co-op

合作公司 Private 私人

50

4

18

2

5

1

2

0

Plants 屠宰场 Co-op 合作 Private 私人

56

4

34

2

25

2

14

0

Slaughterings

屠宰量 (millions)

11.3 14.1 15.9 21.1*

Page 21: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平
Page 22: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Competitive analysis竞争力分析

• National breeding system 全国联合育种计划

• High quality raw materials 高品质的原材料

• High productivity in pig production 养猪生产的高效益

• Feedstuff of Danish origin 丹麦原产饲料

• Environmental restrictions 环境限制

• High health status 高度健康状态

• Hygienic production 卫生生产

• No residues 无残留

• High cost of production 生产高成本

From pen to plate

Page 23: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

The Danish model丹麦养猪生产的模式

• Fully integrated production

完全集约化生产

• Uniform quality

质量一致性

• 90 % of production is exported

90% 的猪肉产量用于出口

• Largest pigmeat exporter in the world

世界最大的猪肉出口国家

• Competitive advantages

竞争优势

Page 24: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Organisation; Danish Bacon and Meat Council组织机构:丹麦熏肉和肉食品委员会

特别委员会• 危机管理和处理• 胴体分级• 屠宰数据管理• 信息沟通

股东大会

推广委员会 研究与发展 委员会

秘书处

行政服务

SPF

KS

丹育国际

贸易和产业政策委员会国家猪生产委员会

执行董事

兽医委员会

全球市场部 丹麦肉食研究所兽医部基础生产研发

新闻部

任期

董事会

贸易和行业政策

Page 25: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

DanBred Int. Export by Truck Using High Health Transportation丹育国际采用高度健康汽车出口种猪

Page 26: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

DanBred Int. export by Airplane丹育国际采用飞机出口种猪

Page 27: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Sale of genetic material in Denmark在丹麦种猪销售情况

• DanBred – market share 95-98 %: 丹育占 95-98% 的市场份额

The SPF-company SPF 公司

Hatting – AI, Hatting 人工授精公司

Private AI companies 私人拥有的人工授精公司

• PIC – market share 2-5 % PIC 占 2-5% 的市场份额

Page 28: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Danish pig production 丹麦养猪生产

• 1.08 mio. Sows 108 万基础生产母猪

• 9,769 herds 9,769 个猪场

(30,000 in 1990 )( 1990 年有 30,000 )

• 21.1 mio. slaughter pigs 屠宰 2110 万头猪

• Export of 3.03 mio. Weaners 出口 303 万头小猪和中猪

• Export 0.471 million slaughter pigs 出口 47.1 万头育肥猪

Page 29: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

The Danish pig production 丹麦养猪生产

AI-Stations

Production Herds(Sow and Slaughter pigs)

Sow Herds

Breeding Herds

Multiplier Herds

Slaughter Pig Herds

Pig ringsSlaughterhouse

Central Testing Station

Page 30: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Pig production in Denmark 丹麦的生猪生产

X

D LY/YL

X

HD LY/YL

Page 31: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding Struture 繁育体系

Page 32: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding structure 育种结构

• Four breeds (heterosis)

四个品种(杂交优势)

• Specialized breeding objectives (breed type)

专门化选种标准(品种类型)

• 42 breeders – 9,200 sows

42 个育种者,存栏 9,200 头基础母猪

• 180 multipliers – 46,000 sows

180 个扩繁者,存栏 46,000 头基础母猪

Page 33: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding Structure 育种结构

育种者 育种者育种者育种者

AI

测定站

Page 34: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Danish pig breeds 丹麦猪品种

Page 35: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

No. of breeders and sows育种者数量和母猪存栏量

Sows on contract

合同母猪Sows active

母猪存栏Breeders

育种者

Landrace 长白 Large White 大白Duroc 杜洛克Hampshire 汉普夏

3,300

2,600

2,400

900

3,950

2,600

2,200

1,000

19

17

18

9

Total 合计 9,200 9,750 (43)

Multiplier sows in breeding herds 核心群中的扩繁母猪存栏 : 9,000 sows

In multiplier herds 扩繁场的母猪存栏 : 32,000 sows

Page 36: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding objective Landrace & Large White长白和大白选种标准

Page 37: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding objectives - Duroc + Hampshire杜洛克和汉普夏猪的选种标准

Daily gain, 30-100 kg

16 %

Feed conversion

31 %

Confor-mation

6 %Daily gain,

0-30 kg8 %

Killing out14 %

Lean meat percentage

25 %

Page 38: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Genetic progress, 20052005 年的遗传进展

ADG

日增重FCR

料肉比% LEAN

瘦肉率LP5

CONF

体型评分

EURO

欧元

Duroc

杜洛克19.8 -0.04 0.12 0.02 1.02

Hampshire

汉普夏12.4 -0.04 0.24 0.03 0.92

Landrace

长白20.1 -0.04 0.03 0.33 0.03 2.61

Large White

大白6.6 -0.02 0.07 0.25 0.07 1.94

Page 39: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Productivity DanBred breeds丹育种猪的生产性能

Breed 品种 Daily gain 30-100 kg

日增重 30-100Kg

Feed conversion

料肉比, FUP/ 增重% Lean Meat content

瘦肉率 %

Landrace

长白953 2.39 62.2

Large White

大白928 2.32 61.4

Duroc

杜洛克998 2.33 59.9

Hampshire

汉普夏825 2.46 61.9

Breed 品种 Total born

窝产仔数% sows of first parity

第一胎母猪比例 %

Landrace 长白 14.8 64

Large White 大白 13.9 59

Duroc 杜洛克 10.1 67

Hampshire 汉普夏

8.4 65

Page 40: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Test programme 测定程序

On Station 测定站测定 5,000 males per year 头公猪 / 年

• Daily gain 30-100 kg 日增重• Lean meat, % 瘦肉率 %

• Feed conversion 料肉比• Conformation 体型• Killing out 屠宰损失率

On Farm 农场测定 95,000 males / females per year

95,000 头公 / 母猪 / 年• Daily gain 0-30 kg 日增重• Daily gain 30-100 kg 日增重• Lean meat, % 瘦肉率• Conformation 体型• LP5(L&Y)

LP5( 长白和大白)

Page 41: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Statistical method 数据统计方法

• BLUP method 最佳线性预测法– Information from all relatives 包含了所有亲属的信息– Simultaneous correction of systematic effects 系统效应的同时校正

• Multitrait animal model 多性状动物模型• PEST/VCE programme PEST/VCE软件• Index is recalculated once a week 每周计算指数一次• Index is available on the internet (www.danavl.dk) 网上公布指数

Page 42: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Genetic improvement per year over the last 4 years过去 4 年的年度遗传进展

Traits性状

Genetic improvement

遗传进展

Econom. weight

DKK

经济权重

Value DKK

(100 %)

价值

Rea-lized ΔG, %

Improvement of gross margin

DKK/slaughter pigs

总的遗传改良效益/ 头商品猪

日增重 , 30-100 kg 13.1 g/ 天 0.12 1.57 70 1.08

料肉比 -0.03 FU/kg 增重 -83 2.49 70 1.74

瘦肉率 % 0.08 % 8.5 0.68 140 0.95

窝产仔数 0.33 头 / 窝 9.87 3.26 90 2.93

体型 0.02/0.08 分 12.5/25 1.13 100 1.13

日增重 , 0-30 kg 1.2 g/ 天 0.11 0.13 100 0.13

屠宰损失率 % 0.03 kg/ 头 -5 -0.15 100 -0.15

四个品种平均 8.98 7.81

Page 43: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Realized genetic improvement实现的遗传进展

Trait 性状Realized improvement

实现的遗传进展Litter size (TNM) 窝产仔数 90 %

Daily gain, 0-30 kg 日增重 100 %

Daily gain, 30-100 kg 日增重 70 %

Feed conversion 料肉比 70 %

Lean meat percentage 瘦肉率 140 %

Conformation 体型 100 %

Killing out 屠宰率 100 %

Average of all traits

所有性状的平均92 %

Page 44: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Number of piglets born per litter – genetic progress窝产仔数的遗传进展

1010.5

1111.5

1212.5

1313.5

1414.5

15

86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 02 05

Sows birth year

No

. o

f p

igle

ts b

orn

/lit

ter

Large White Landrace

Page 45: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平
Page 46: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Biotechnology, Danbred projects生物技术,丹育项目

• The halothane gene eliminated in 1996 , 1996 年清除了氟烷基因• The RN-gene eliminated 2003 , 2003 年清除了酸肉基因• Sensitivity to E. coli 149-F4 is being eliminated

正在清除 E. coli 149-F4 敏感基因• Present projects 现在的项目

– Pig genome map with BGI ,与 BGI 的猪基因图谱– No skatole production ,无粪臭素的生产– Salmonella infection , 沙门氏菌的传染病– PMWS infection , PMWS传染病– Markers/genes for hernias and chryptorchism ,脐疝和隐睾的基因标记

• Biotechnology 生物技术– For disease resistance 抗病– For better meat quality(?) 更好的肉质?– But not for improving gain, fertility etc. 不用于提高生长速度、繁殖性能等

Page 47: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

F4-resistance F4 抵抗力

• Motivation 动机

Improved production economy 提高生产经济效益

Improved animal welfare 改良动物福利

Reduced use of antibiotics 减少抗生素使用

Public Relations/politics 公共关系 / 政治

Page 48: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

F4-resistance F4 抵抗力

• Background 背景 Annually approximately 200,000 piglets die due to diarrhoea

caused by E. coli O149-F4

每年接近 20 万头仔猪死于由 E. coli O149-F4引起的腹泻 Some animals are resistant to the bacteria

部分仔猪对大肠杆菌有抵抗力 At KVL scientists have developed a DNA-test that enables

us to pick out the resistant animals在 KVL ,科学家开发了 DNA 检测用于挑选有抵抗力的猪

Thus, it is possible to breed for F4-resistance

因此,有可能对 F4-抵抗力选种

Page 49: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

More than 30 piglets weaned per sow per year?!每头母猪每年断奶仔猪超过 30 头?!

• Top genetics 最好的种猪

• Cross breeding 杂交计划

• Top housing 最好的猪舍

• Top management 最好的管理

• Phenotype = Genotype + Environment

表现型 = 基因型 + 环境

• ‘No loss should hit us which can be avoided with constant care’ (Maersk-Sealand)

持久精心的管理可避免给我们造成损失

Page 50: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

The secrets of 30 piglets per sow30 头断奶仔猪 / 母猪 / 年的秘诀

• Genetics 品种• Use of crossfostering, nursing sows 奶妈母猪• More piglets left with the sow (13, not 10 or 11) 哺乳仔猪头数• Buying F1-replacement gilts from a multiplier 从扩繁场购买 F1代后备母猪• Ensuring adequate vaccination 保证适当的免疫• Optimizing sow feeds 优化母猪饲料• Focus on simplicity of production and details, details, details….

集中于生产的简单化、更详细

Page 51: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Herd example举例

• 650 sows, 12 months, 31.2 piglets/sow/year:

650 头母猪, 12 个月, 31.2 断奶仔猪 / 母猪 / 年:

– 13.8 liveborn per litter , 13.8 头活产仔 /胎

– 1.2 stillborn per litter 1.2 头死胎 /胎

– 0.9 piglets dead during (28 days of) lactation

0.9 头死亡哺乳期 28天

– 12.9 weaned per litter 12.9 头断奶 /胎

– 6 days empty per litter 6天空怀期 /胎

– 91.4 % farrowing rate 91.4% 分娩率

– 24 % first parity sows 24%第一胎母猪

Page 52: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平
Page 53: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平
Page 54: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Breeding objective, fertility育种目标,繁殖力

Live pigs per litter at day 5 as a trait of the sowLP5 作为母猪的繁殖力的一个性状

Composite trait (litter size and survival)综合性状(窝产仔数和成活率)

Heritability 12–13 % (TNB 10 %)遗传力 0.12-0.13 (窝产仔数的遗传力为 0.1 )

Records from Landrace and Large White sows in nucleus and multiplication记录核心群和扩繁群的长白和大白繁殖成绩

Expected gain per generation: 0.43 piglets/litter at day 5LP5 的期望进展 / 世代: 0.43头 /胎

36384 AHV 28. November 2003

Page 55: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Super sow – aim of study超级母猪计划研究的目标

• Increase no. of piglets at weaning per litter and per sow

提高每头母猪每胎的断奶仔猪头数

• Improve milk yield (= litter weight gain)

提高泌乳量 (=仔猪增重 )

• Minimize days empty

缩短空怀天数

• Reduce disease frequencies

减少疾病的发生频率

Page 56: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Super sow – recording phase超级母猪计划 ---- 数据记录阶段

• Data collection from 28,143 farrowings, 259,349 piglets

28,143 分娩记录, 259,349 头仔猪• Data on days open

• Data on survival

成活• Data on milk yield

泌乳量• Data on disease treatments

疾病处理• Data on ease of farrowing

分娩的难易• Data on behaviour

行为

Page 57: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Super sow project超级母猪计划

Page 58: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

LP5 replaces TNBLP5 替代窝产仔数

• LP5 – live piglets 5 days after farrowing

LP5- 分娩后第 5天的活仔头数

• ’Only’ the genetic contribution of the sow

母猪的遗传

• Economic value, heritability and genetic variation means large effect of change

经济价值,遗传力和遗传方差

• Additional advantages: less crushed, bitten and stillborn piglets, quicker and easier farrowings

另外的优势:减少压死、咬死、死胎,分娩容易、产程缩短

• BUT: increasing need for crossfostering/nursing sows

但是:需要更多的“奶妈母猪”

Page 59: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Meat quality 肉质

• PSE (the halothane gene) , PSE(氟烷基因 )

• RN-gene ,酸肉基因

• pH24 (ultimate pH) , pH24 ( 最终的 pH) ,宰后冷却 24 小时,肉的 pH值

• Water holding capacity 系水力• Meat colour 肉色• Intra muscular fat (IMF) ,肌内脂肪 (IMF)

• Boar taint (skatole/androstenone) ,公猪的膻味(粪臭素 /雄烯酮)

Page 60: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Meat Quality肉质

• RN¯ Gene 酸肉基因– Genetic disorder in Hampshire 汉普夏– Single gene with large impact on pH 单个基因 严重 影响肉的 pH

– Index trait 指数性状• Halothane Gene 氟烷基因

– Genetic disorder in Pietrain, Large White, Landrace and Duroc

皮特兰、大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克– Single gene with large impact on daily gain, feed conversion, pct.

meat and meat quality (pH, colour, PSE)

单个基因,影响生长速度、饲料转化率、瘦肉率和肉质 (pH 、肉色、PSE肉 )

Page 61: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

其他产品新鲜后腿肉煮熟的后腿肉

5,6 < pH < 6,2

PSE

膘厚 < 10 mm

脂肪大理石纹

不同的需要,譬如:瘦肉率

pH < 6,1

膘厚 > 10 mm

脂肪大理石纹

技术质量– 对肉食作为初级生产的重要性

Page 62: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Sensory Quality of Fresh Meat鲜肉的感官质量

Purchase Cooking Consumption购买 烹调 消费

Appearance外观

Tenderness嫩度

Taste口感

Smell气味

Visible Fat 可见脂肪

PSE/DFD肉

Boar Taint 公猪膻味

IMF肌内脂肪

PSE肉

IMF肌内脂肪

pH

Page 63: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Halothane Sensitivity氟烷敏感

Increased mortality死亡率增加

More muscle瘦肉更多

PSE meat PSE 肉Drip loss 滴水损失率Tenderness 嫩度Decreased processing benefit降低加工效益

NN nn Mortality % 死亡率 %

0,24 1,92

Eikelenboom et al. 1977

NN nn Muscle % 瘦肉率%

55,4 57,6

pH 24 5,73 5,72 Technical output 技术产量

87,7 83,6

Monin et al. 1981

Page 64: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Mortality During Transport运输死亡率

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

'75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01

Per

cen

tag

e

Transport 运输

Lairage 围栏

Total 合计

Page 65: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

RN- 基因

low pH --> reduced processing benefit pH值低,降低加工效益

light colour 颜色浅

increased drip loss 滴水损失率增加

However, 然而

meat can be more tender 肉可能更嫩

« pig taste » can be more distinct! 不同猪种的肉味区别明显

Page 66: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Average and standard deviations for pH24 in the four pig breeds, 20012001 年,四个品种猪的 pH24 值的平均值和标准差

Breed 品种Average

平均值Standard deviation

标准差

Landrace 长白 5,55 0,14

Large White 大白(Yorkshire)

5,60 0,13

Duroc 杜洛克 5,67 0,14

Hampshire 汉普夏 5,55 0,08

Page 67: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Heritability of skatole figures公猪膻味的遗传力

Breed 品种Heritability

遗传力

Landrace 长白 0,27

Large White (Yorkshire) 大白 0,18

Duroc 杜洛克 0,19

Hampshire 汉普夏 0,18

Page 68: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Drip loss and pH 滴水损失率和肉的 pH值

No Showeri ng Showeri ng No Showeri ng Showeri ng不洗澡 洗澡 不洗澡 洗澡

LD Dri p l oss % 3. 55 3. 12 2. 23 2. 3pH45pHu

BF Dri p l oss % 2. 24 1. 86 1. 28 1. 23pH45pHu

SM pHuSC pHu

LD: the m. longissimus dorsi; BF: the m. biceps femoris; SM: the m. semimembranosus

5. 565. 88

5. 57 5. 55

SC: the m. semispinalis capitis

Presl aughter handl i ng 屠宰前处理Tradi t i onal 传统方法 Low stress 低应激

6. 45 6. 67

6. 47 6. 7

5. 45 5. 52

Page 69: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Top 5 herds 20052005 年最好的 5 个农场

农场编号 1 2 3 4 5

存栏母猪 459 344 493 660 479

断奶仔猪 / 母猪 / 年 * 32.5 30.4 30.1 29.7 29.7

胎次 / 母猪 / 年 2.46 2.41 2.41 2.34 2.37

活产仔数 /窝 14.4 13.7 14.1 14.1 13.7

断奶仔猪数 /窝 13.2 12.6 12.5 12.7 12.5

断奶日龄 (天 ) 25 25 25 28 31

断奶个体重 (kg) 6.1 5.7 6.5 7.3 6.8

哺乳期仔猪死亡率 (%) 8.3 9.2 8.9 9.0 9.1

分娩率 ,% 92.5 92.2 90.7 86.5 91.1

母猪群

* 排名标准

Page 70: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Top 5 herds 2005 / 2005 年最好的 5 个农场

农场编号 1 2 3 4 5

出栏商品猪 / 年 3206 850 4458 6374 1064

日增重 * 1023 1014 995 995 991

饲料单位 / 猪 /天 2.58 2.50 2.64 2.66 2.54

屠体重 77.8 72.5 80.1 81.1 75.2

宰前活重 102 95 105 106 99

瘦肉率 ,% 59.9 59.8 58.7 59.7 59.3

死亡率 , % 0.9 5.8 1.7 2.6 1.9

育肥猪

* 排名标准

Page 71: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Production records on a typical Danish farm一个典型的丹麦农场的生产记录

活产仔数 / 窝 12.9

断奶仔猪数 / 窝 11.1

断奶日龄 31 天胎次 / 母猪 / 年(包括初产母猪) 2,24

商品猪 / 母猪 / 年(包括初产母猪) 24,9

达 30 kg 体重日龄 86 天达 100 kg 体重日龄 171 天日增重 30-100Kg 825 g

料肉比 2,88

瘦肉率 % 60.8%

Page 72: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Managing satellite purebred nucleus herd with DanBred与丹育合作经营卫星核心群

数据注册

选择指数

公母

纯种猪

F1 杂交种猪

商品猪

丹育数据库

F1

丹育核心群

GGP

Page 73: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

HERDS WITH DANBRED BEEDING PIGS遍布全球的丹育

美洲 :• 巴西• 加拿大• 墨西哥• 秘鲁• 美国• 委内瑞拉

欧洲 :• 奥地利• 比利时• 保加利亚• 克罗地亚• 捷克• 法国• 德国• 希腊• 匈牙利• 意大利• 拉托维亚• 立陶宛

• 马其顿• 荷兰• 挪威• 波兰• 葡萄牙• 罗马尼亚• 俄罗斯• 斯洛文尼亚• 西班牙• 瑞典• 乌克兰• 英国

非洲 :• 肯尼亚• 尼加拉• 南非• 坦桑尼亚

亚洲 :• 中国• 日本• 韩国• 朝鲜• 马来西亚• 菲律宾• 泰国• 越南

Page 74: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

Concluding remarks结语

• No 1 in number of tested animals

测定猪数量第一• No 1 in nucleus size

核心群规模第一• No 1 in short generation intervals

最短的世代间隔• Among the 3 best in using biotechnology

三个使用生物技术最好的其中之一

That gives us: 因此• No 1 pig production in Europe!

欧洲养猪生产第一

Page 75: Progress of Danish Pig Industry and Danish Pig Breeding Programme 丹麦养猪育种进展 Wang Yuping 王余平

www.danbred.comwww.danbred.cn

www.danbredchina.com

Thank you for your attention!

谢谢!