project monitoring ( 监测 ) and control presented by basker george
TRANSCRIPT
Project Monitoring ( 监测 )
And Control
Presented by Basker George
Project Monitoring & Control
How will a Project Manager know whether the project is following the desired path as per the Project Plan?
To know that, one must have visibility ( 可见度 ) about the true status of the project.
As software itself is invisible ( 看不见的 ) , Visibility in a software project is obtained by observing ( 注意的 ) effects ( 动产 ).
Providing proper visibility is the main purpose of Project Monitoring.
Cont… Qualitatively Monitoring & Controlling
a Project is a requirement of : Quantitative Process Management KPA at
CMM Level 4. Software Quality Management KPA at
CMM Level 2. Software Project Tracking & Oversight
KPA at CMM Level 2.
Project Monitoring When project is executed, it is important that
it be properly monitored. This ensures that the project follows the
desired path. Project monitoring has two aspect
1. elicit 2. apply control mechanism. 1. Elicit: Collect data about current ( 现在 ) state of
project Interpret ( 解释 ) to make judgment ( 判断 )
about the current state
Cont…
If the current state is a “Desired ( 渴望的 ) State”, then monitoring provides assurance ( 确信 ) that the project is moving along the planned path.
If monitoring reveals ( 显示 ) that project state is not healthy, Some action has to be taken to rectify( 矫正 ).
2. Control: That is, CONTROL action has to be performed
to bring back the project “Back on Track”.
Cont…Apply management
control
Analyze & Predict ( 预知 )
Execute Project
GatherMeasurements
Data Collection The foundation for monitoring & control is that,
timely information should be obtained about the project at different times, during the period of execution of the project.
We can have rules & models to analyze and interpret data
But, the question is, Which data should be collected? The important data to be collected for project
monitoring & Control are: Effort Schedule Defects and Size
Cont… Collecting these data is a challenging
( 有挑战性的 ) activity. People resist ( 抵抗 ) providing these
data about their work, fearing that the data may be used against them.
These and other people-related issues must be resolved to have success on data collection.
We shall study how metrics are collected & what tools are used to help in collecting data.
Effort Data
Effort is an important data which can determine the COST of a project.
Hence tracking ( 跟踪 ) of effort should be a key activity during monitoring.
By monitoring efforts, We can evaluate whether the project is executing within budget.
These effort data will be used to compute various component of PCB (Process Capability Baseline)
Cont… Eg: The Weekly Activity Report is used
to capture Efforts. A WAR entry by a employee consists of
sequence of record, one for each week. Each record consists of
Program Code Module Code Activity Code Activity Description Hours for Monday through Sunday
Defect Data Defect Data is more important than
Effort Data, because it has direct relationship with Software Quality.
Defect can be something that is found in some work product of the project
The presence of defect can have adverse ( 不利的 ) effect in achieving the goal of the project.
Cont… Defect data are used for Managing
the Project. At Infosys, the Defect Control
System (DCS), a commercially available tool is used in project for logging & Tracking defects.
Life Cycle Of Defect Life cycle of defect has three state Submitted, Fixed & Closed. A defect that is not closed is called
open.
Submitted Fixed Closed
Entered by
Submitter
Fixed by
Author
Closed by
Submitter
Cont… Defect entered into DCS has the following fields:
Project Code Description of defect Module code, Program Name Review type Status (open, closed or Fixed) Submitter, Owner, Date of submission Stage Detected, Stage Injected ( Why ?) Severity of defect. (Critical, Major, Minor, Cosmetic)
Size Measurement Size is an important measurement It has direct effect on productivity Quality metrics are expressed with
respect to Size. Size measurement are used to
predict & control of project.
Cont… LOC & Number of program of different
complexity metrics can be used for estimation.
But it cannot be used to measure productivity, because it depends on programming language.
Therefore for creating a baseline & comparing performance, function point are used to measure size.
Project Tracking Project tracking helps Project Leader &
Senior management to have visibility into the project.
The mechanism involved in project tracking are: Activity Tracking Defect Tracking Issues Tracking Status Report
Activity Tracking Activities of a project are scheduled by
Microsoft Project (MSP). Hence MSP is used to track activities. Every day, the project leader checks the
status of the project & updates the MSP A weekly project meeting is usually held to
discuss project schedule & other issues MSP features is used to determine which
activities are lagging, percentage of task done & effect on the overall project.
Defect Tracking Defect at Infosys is usually tracked
using a commercial tool DCS. The defect tracking has been
discussed previously…………..
Issues Tracking Many small jobs or clarification inevitably
come up during the course of the project. It is an important task for the project
manager to Manage these issues, because there can be many & could delay the project.
Hence they should be Managed & Tracked For Issue log, Spreadsheet or Document
or Defect Tracking System can be used.
Cont… The status of issue must be
regularly tracked For unresolved issues & issues
open for too long, escalation mechanism need to be used as per Project Management Plan.
Status Report Status reporting is a main mechanism for
providing visibility to senior management.
It is used to ensure that project continues to progress according to plan.
To resolve any pending issues. It is given by Project Leader to his or her
superior & also to the customer. It can be on a weekly basis.
Cont… The status report contain: Customer complaint Milestone achieved this week Milestone missed this week & reason Milestone planned for next week Issues requiring clarification or attention Escalation, if any.. Estimated work versus available time by
milestone Number of requirement change Major changes from the plan