prospect & overview of aquaculture in malaysia [ english ]

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AMOEBA AQUATECH 阿米巴水产科技 - 马来西亚淡水鱼苗繁殖场

www.amoeba.fish

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Thomas Wong - Amoeba Aquatech Technology Consultant of Amoeba Aquatech

Thomas Wong, an aquaculture specialist is currently the Amoeba Aquatech aquaculture farming & breeding consultant, has a Diploma in Marketing and has been involved in aquaculture practices for more than 20 years. Has involved intensively in freshwater and brackish water Prawn fry Production, Freshwater/ Marine fish breeding and farm management.

Trained in Malaysia by the Fisheries of Malaysia and in Taiwan, holds various diplomas in aquaculture i.e fish rearing, aquaculture, freshwater Prawn and other aquatic cultivation training.

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AQUACULTUREFinfish & Shellfish Farming

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AquacultureAquaculture is refer to breeding, rearing, harvesting of animals & plants

in all types of water environments i.e ponds, rivers, lakes & ocean.

Mariculture means = aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats

FAO term = farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants.

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WHY AQUACULTUREFood: • Source of Protein - Neutriceutical Value-Omega 3 Oil(DHA-docosahexaenoic acid and EPA-

eicosapentaenoic acid )

Business Opportunities:• Inflation Resistance- food & protein• Highly profitable investment• Cash Business- Deals mainly in Cash• Wild Stock Depletion

Employment:• Job opportunities- Current analytical status- Most farmers needs & lack fundamental

aquaculture knowledge• Technical – all Levels • Operation- all levels.• Management- Top & Middle level.

Current State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture World Bank and the FAO; Fish represents 16 percent of all animal protein consumed globally. By 2030 Projected Global fish markets increase 186 mils ton from 154 million tons in 2011 (of which 60% comes

from aquaculture). Aquaculture growth since 1980’s in global production increased almost 12(twelvefold) (average annual rate of

8.8%.)

Global Food Fish Consumption Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO) projected; fish consumption in developing countries will increase by 57 percent,

from 62.7 million tons in 1997 to 98.6 million tons in 2020. China, the single largest market for seafood with a per capita fish consumption 33.1 kilograms per year in 2010,

consumed 34 percent of global food fish supply. Rapid global population growth, which is estimated at 2.3 percent annually during the 2010–30 period, total food fish

consumption demand would grow substantially (by 30 percent between 2010 and 2030)

Global Food Fish Trade and Prices World trade of fish and fish products increased from $8 billion in 1976 to $128 billion in 2012, which in real terms

translates into an average annual growth rate of 4.0 percent(World Bank Report No 83177-GLB) The Fish to 2020 study projected by the World Bank Report Number 83177-GLB under their “faster aquaculture

expansion” scenario, that fish prices would rise more dynamically than prices for any other food product. This implied that there would be regional imbalances in fish supply and demand and that incorporating such dynamisms of global aquaculture

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Aquaculture Outlook Overview of Aquaculture Industry

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Aquaculture Global Major Cultivated Species

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CURRENT STATUS of AQUACULTURE IN MALAYSIA

Data Source: Courtesy of Department of Fisheries Malaysia

Special River Cage

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AQUACULTURE IN MALAYSIAPRESENTATION OUTLINES

1.Brief History

2.Malaysia Aquaculture Production

3.Role of Aquaculture

4.Zoning – AIZ

AQUACULTURE IN MALAYSIA

Aquaculture Issues

1. VS Development – urbanization, industrialization, agriculture etc.

2. VS Environment – ecosystem conservation, pollution, NGO’s, etc.

3. Marketing – standard, certification, food safety

4. Investor - ??

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Aquaculture DevelopmentBrief History

Began in 1920’s Extensive poly-culture of Chinese carps (ex-mining Pools). Mid 1930’s, Marine shrimp trapping ponds. Early 40’s, Culture of blood cockles. Mid 50’s, Extensive culture of freshwater fishes in earthen ponds. Early 1970’s, Semi-intensive culture of shrimp. 80’s, Commercial aquaculture (fish and shrimp hatcheries

& setting up of private feed mills). 90’s Commercial scale integrated shrimp farms (from hatchery processing plant & export). 2000’s Emphasis on food safety and fish health management

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Water for Aquaculture

Water area is the sum of the surfaces of all inland water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers, as delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines.

Land AREA of Malaysia 329,758 sq km

Area: total: 329,847 sq km land: 328,657 sq km water: 1,190 sq km Ex-mining – 1,466 ha

Cages – 48 ha Ponds – 5,355 ha Marine/brackish water – 28,000 ha (2011)

Source : FAO (2010)

产量 Production [T.M]

66% 中国 [China ]

16%其他国家

Production [T.M]

印度越南印尼其他马来西亚

66% [China ]

16%其他国家

5% Vietnam

16%Others4%

Indonesia

8% India

57%

9%

5%5%

23%1%

Value [USD]

[China ]

India

Vietnam

Indonesia

Others

1% - [Malaysia]1% - [Malaysia]

Source : FAO (2010)

Malaysia Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture Production : 2005-2010 年 Aquaculture Production – 2005- 2010

Malaysian Fisheries and Aquaculture Performance

As of 2009, Malaysian fishery performance is still dependent on capture. In view of growing population and stagnant capture resources, aquaculture must be increased further from current 25% contribution.

水产养殖业的目标产量Aquaculture Targeted Production 2010- 2020 ('000 M.T.)

2020

Freshwater Aquaculture

河鲶 (Pangasius sp.) Red Tilapia

Walking Catfish | Keli Bunga 17 Grass Carp

1. 养殖技术Culture

Technology

2. 养殖品种Cultured Species

Marine Cage Aquaculture

1. 养殖技术Culture

Technology

2. 养殖品种Cultured Species

29%笛鲷 | Snappers

33%Siakap

20%石斑鱼 | Groupers

18%其他 | Others

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Aquaculture EconomicsOVERVIEW OF WORLD AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION

Table 1. World aquaculture production of top 14 countries

Country Production (million mt)

1994 1995 % Increase

1. China 8.80 (1993) 12.79 22.67

2. India 1.53 1.61 5.22

3. Japan .781 .82 4.99

4. Indonesia .598 .611 2.17

5. Thailand .514 .464 (9.73)

6. USA .391 .413 5.63

7. South Korea .343 .368 7.29

8. Philippines .380 .346 (8.95)

9. Bangladesh .270 .322 19.26

10. Norway .218 .282 29.36

11. France .281 .281 0

12. Taiwan (P.C.) .282 .278 (1.42)

13. Italy .180 .220 22.22

14. Viet Nam .198 .211 6.56

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Roles of Aquaculture Reduce gap between supply vs

demand of food fish (National food security)

Lessen pressure on capture fisheries Generate foreign exchange earnings Provide employment & career

development Diversify /alternative income to

fishermen & farmers Provide business & investment

opportunity.

Krai Kunyit

Tengalan

The Zoning of Aquaculture Area

• Aquaculture Industrial Zones (AIZ) are designated zones for both

lands and water bodies which are granted by the state

government for commercial scale aquaculture projects.

• At present : 49 sites covering more than 28,000 hectares.

• The Federal Government’s contribution in developing these

areas is to provide:-

• Macro planning

• Technical support

• The projected aquaculture production is 400,000 metric tonnes

with a value of RM5.8 billion. Aquaculture

Potential Resources

Commercial Aquaculture Species

·Freshwater aquaculture: Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), Catfish (Clarius sp., Pangassius sp, P.Nasutus), Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)Carps (grass carp, big head, Sultan fish)and Barbs

·Marine aquaculture: Finfish: Sea bass, grouper, snapper, Crustaceans: Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), white shrimp (P. vannamei), Bivalve – cockle, mussel and oyster, Seaweed – Kappaphycus alvarezi

COMMODITY OF INTEREST

Seabass, Grouper 5,440 tonnes

Langkawi

Tilapia 24,000 tonnes

•

Tasik Kenering Pulau

•Ru

Tasik Pedu

•P. Ketam

Tasik Temenggor

•Kenyir Lake

•Pulau Bidong

•Pulau Tioman

•Sg. Johor

Batang Ai

Bakun Lake Tilapia

24,000 tonnes



Tilapia 24,000 tonnes Seabass, Grouper

5,440 tonnes




AIZ -Potential Cage Farming Area

AIZ – Land Based Aquaculture

Kg. Luar Kg. KerawaiKedah

Sg. Nipah

Kayan, Lekir, Perak

•Sempang •LKIM Sebatu•Malaca

Terengganu

•Gelang Patah, Johor

•Pahang

•Batang Ai Sarawak

•LKIM TelSaga Air Telaga Air Sarawak

(SSL) : Fisheries > 100%

Development strategy

GAqP (FQC,

SPLAM,)

Promotion export

Increase local

market

Increase Existing

Production Unit

Increase Competitiveness

(R&D & ToT, HRD)

Zoning of aquaculture area (ZIA, TKPM)

Development of new area

NATIONAL AGRO-FOOD POLICY (2011- 2020)

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

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Aquaculture Economics1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Half of the world’s population depends of fish as principal source of animal protein1.2 Global demands for fish is expanding rapidly due to increasing population and incomes. - Population growth is expected to reach 7 bil from 4 bil by the end of the century

(or doubling every 35 years). - Hence fish production must double (from 70 million M.T) by year 2000. - further increases in world fish production is unlikely to be from ocean or capture fisheries.

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Introduction1.3 Recent years, interest in aquaculture as a manageable production system has intensified. The

arising need from aquaculture stems from:-

i. Need to produce more fish protein to meet the demand of rapidly increasing population,

ii. Levelling off of world catch from conventional capture fisheries, and

iii. Expected reduction in catch by certain major fish producing countries brought about by the extension of economics zones of other countries in marine waters.

1.4 Other salient features in support for the thrust in aquaculture development include the following:-

iv. Stock raising as opposed to hunting

v. It permits the utilization of marginal land (swamplands or mangrove forests) unstainable for agriculture.

vi. Improve market demand for fish through selective breeding/culture to meet consumer tastes and preferences,

vii. Ensure predictable production levels and hence guaranteed delivery of produce to buyers, and

viii. Fish are the most efficient converters of feed. Fish come out well because, in general, they convert more of the food they eat into body mass than land animals. (refer to FCR, Pg 27)

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Fish being the best converter of feedFeed Conversion Rate(FCR)

The lower the ratio, the more efficiently food has been converted to fish flesh. Feed costs often constitute 40-60% of total production costs, so it is essential to use species that convert food efficiently. Modern dry pellet diets enable food conversion ratios of lower ratio or better.

Protein Feed Conversion Ratio Salmon 1.2 It takes 1.2 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of salmon

Beef 8.7 It takes 8.7 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of beef Pork 5.9 It takes 5.9 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of pork

Chicken 1.9 It takes 1.9 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of chicken Food Conversion Efficiency (FCE)

The efficiency of a feed is normally measured by the amount necessary to produce a unit weight of fish. This is called the feed conversion ration or FCR. The FCR is the unit weight of feed given, divided by the live weight or wet weight of the animal produced.

Wt of food presented FCE =

Wt of animal produced

The higher the FCR is, the less efficient the feed is. Moisture levels in the animal or in the feed are not normally taken into account when the FCR of a feed is calculated. This means that wet or moist feeds have a higher FCR than dry feeds because so much of the feed consists of water. This does not mean they are less efficient. Strictly it is only possible to compare the FCR of a moist diet with that of another diet of similar moisture content unless a further calculation is done. To compare moist feeds with dry diets the FCR's must be reduced to a common level, either to a dry matter basis or to an assumed 10% moisture basis.

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FCRFactor affecting FCR

Factor Description Remarks1 Water Quality Chemical reaction(pH),Water

exchange rate, D.O, Temperature, Water turbidity & transparency

2 Fish Stocks Density3 Pond Conditioning Fertilizing, liming4 Predatory control Animal, plants, Human5 Fish Feed and Feeding Right feed & Quality6 Fish Harvesting from Ponds Right nets mesh, ways7 Grading and Sorting Fish Fish Harvesting from Ponds

Note: The closer the FCR to 1.0, the better is the fish feed. Good feeds have an FCR ranging from 1 to 1.5

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Aquaculture Economics-Feed Conversion Rate in Aquaculture (Freshwater Finfish)

Species Stocking rate Protein% FCR Culture period(Months)

Patin Buah(Pangasius nasutus)

12 32% Pond:1.8-1.5:1Cage:2.5:1

12(pond)18-24(cage)

Patin Hitam( Pangasius Sutchi or hypophthalmus)

Pond:5-15/m2Cage:15-50/m3

25-28% Avg: 1.5:1Cage:2.5:1

Pond:5-6Cage:12

Asian Redtailed catfish, Mekong Baung(Hemibagrus wyckioides)

5/m2 32%-40% 1.8-15;1 Pond:12 Cage:18

Baung(Mystus spp)

5/m2 25-28% 1:8-1.3:1 12(pond)18(cage)

Tengalan(Puntius bulu)

3-5/m2 >32% 1.5-18:1 12(pond)18(cage)

Lampam(Puntius gonionotus)

3/m2 25-28% 1.5-1.0:1 10-12 (pond)

White Sultan(Leptobarbus hoevenii)

3/m2 25-28% 1.8-1.3:1 18Cage:18-24

Thai Jelawat(Leptobarbus rubripinna)

3/m2 25%-28% 1.8-1.3:1 12

Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

4,000/hectare

32% 1.7:1 - aquafeed(soya)Grass: 0.6

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Rohu(roho labeo)

3-5/m2 25% 1.5:1(mixed diet)

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Temoleh(Probarbus Jullenni)

3/m2 32-43% Pond:1.6-1.2:1

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Tilapia 5-10/m2 28-32% 1.8-1.0 :1 Pond:6-7 4-5(mono)

Stocking Rate & Feed Conversion Rate of Different Fish species

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Aquaculture Economics

Operating ExpensesDescription Value(RM)Labor cost for pond preparation 200.00Farm implements (weighing scale, nets) 3,000.00Aeration system(paddle wheel x 3 units@RM2,000) 6,000.00Stocking: 20,000 size 3’ fingerlings @ 20 cents / pc 4,000.00Sub 1- RM13,200 (1,280 bags commercial feed) 100 bags crumble/starter @ 60.50/bag 6,050.001,000 bags grower @ 57.25/bag 57,250.00280bags finisher I@ 54.10/bag 15,148.00-bags finisher II@ 53.00/bag --bags Economy@ 48.25/bag -Sub 2 - Feed Cost per cycle: RM78,4480 2 bags slaked lime @ 50 kg/bag @ RM70 140.001 L Rotenone@ RM200/Bot or tobacco dust 2.5kg 200.0040 liters diesel @ 1.95/liter/day (water pump, Paddle wheel etc) x 7 mths 16,380.001 Labor of caretaker @ 600/mo. X 7 months 4,800.00Hired labor during harvest @RM360 x 3 round 1,080.00Snacks for harvest 300.00Sub 3- RM22,900 Total production cost 114,548.00Income Estimated Production (95% survival rate) 19,000 head Harvest Size: 800gm -1,200gmNet production weight: 20,000kg(20mt)Ex-Farm:RM10/kg

Gross sales 200,000.00 Less production expenses 114,548.00Net income per pond 85,452ROI (7 mth/cycle) RM 1 = RM 1.75 ( 75%)FCR 1.3:1

Tilapia Grow- out (Malaysia)(Fishpond-Semi-intensive culture system) SIMPLE COST ESTIMATE* (1,000 square meter or 7/m2 fishpond project)Pond size= 30,000 sq ft or 2,788m2

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Aquaculture Economics

Operating ExpensesDescription Value(RM)Labor cost for pond preparation 200.00Farm implements (weighing scale, nets) 3,000.00Aeration system(paddle wheel x 1) 2,000.00Stocking:11,000 size 3’ fingerlings @ RM3.00 / pc 33,000.00Sub 1- RM38,200 (955 bags commercial feed) 55 bags crumble @ 60.50/bag 3,327.50900 bags grower @ 57.25/bag 51,525.00- Feed Cost per cycle: RM54,852.50 2 bags slaked lime @ 50 kg/bag @ RM70 140.001 L Rotenone@ RM200/Bot or tobacco dust 2.5kg 200.001 bag TSP @RM100 100.0025 liters diesel @ 1.95/liter/day (water pump, Paddle wheel etc) x 12 mths 17,550.001 Labor of caretaker @ 600/mo. X 12 months 7,200.00Hired labor during harvest @RM360 x 3 round 1,080.00Snacks for harvest 300.00Sub 3- RM26,570 Total production cost 119,622.50Income Estimated Production (95% survival rate) 9,350 head Harvest Size: 1,000gm -1,300gmNet production weight: 12,000kg(12mt)Ex-Farm:RM50/kg

Gross sales 600,000.00Less production expenses 119,622.50Net income per pond 480,377.00ROI (12 mths/cycle) RM1=RM4 (401%)FCR 1.6 : 1

Tengalan Grow- out (Malaysia)(Fishpond-Semi-intensive culture system) SIMPLE COST ESTIMATE* (2,788 square meter or 4/m2 fish pond project)

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List of Viable & High Value Freshwater Fish SpeciesSpecies Market High value Ex Farm Price(RM)Asian Redtailed catfish-Mekong Baung(Hemibagrus wyckioides

Semi -Commercial

Cage: 20.00-22.00Pond:16.00-18.00 (16.00-22.00)

Baung(Mystus spp)

Commercial Pond:10.00-13.00Cage:14.00-16.00

Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

commercial 10.00-13.00

Lampam(Puntius gonionotus)


Patin Buah(Pangasius nasutus)

Semi -commercial Cage: 23.00-26.00

Patin Hitam( Pangasius Sutchi or hypophthalmus)

commercial Cage:7.00-9.00Pond:4.00-6.00

Rohu(roho labeo)

Commercial Pond: 3.00-6.00

TilapiaRed /Nile

commercial Pond:10.00-13.00

Thai Jelawat(Leptobarbus rubripinna)


Tengalan(Puntius bulu)

- 50.00-60.00

Temoleh(Probarbus Jullenni)

- 60.00-70.00

White Sultan(Leptobarbus hoevenii)

Semi -commercial 50.00-60.00

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Conclusion

Business Opportunities• 3R’s

i) Highly variableii) Highly profitableiii) High return business.

• Jobs creation

Employment opportunities• Managerial- management & operation• Supervisory level• Technician- Farm Nursery & hatchery

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Q & A问与答

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THANK YOU谢谢 AMOEBA AQUATECH 阿米巴水产科技 - 马来西亚淡水鱼苗繁殖场

www.amoeba.fish

603 6262 8477