psls[t lgb]{zg, @)&&
TRANSCRIPT
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf]
PsLs[t lgb]zg )ampamp
-PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ f] kZrft )ampamp ebf Dd hfL ePsf
klkqdividelgb]zg d]tnfO dfj]z uL kldfhg ulPsf]_
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
)ampamp ebf
ljifondashrL
qm=+= ljifo k[i7 +Vof
1 Gogtd kFhLsf]if DaGwL Jojyf 3
2 shfdividefk6sf] juLs0f shf gf]SfgL DaGwL Jojyf 96
3 Psn u|fxs tyf If]qut shf fk6 ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0f DaGwL Jojyf 146
4 n]vfgLlt tyf ljQLo ljj0fxsf] 9fFrf DaGwL Jojyf 155
5 hf]lvd Jojyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf 223
6 +yfut zfg DaGwL Jojyf 234
7 klj]IfsLo lgb]zg nfu ug] sfo tflnsf DaGwL Jojyf 257
8 nufgL tyf xfos sDkgL DaGwL Jojyf 259
9 tYofIacute ljj0f DaGwL Jojyf 266
10 +yfks ]o gfdfL jf vlbdividelaqmL jf xs xtfGt0f DaGwL Jojyf 302
11 xndashljQLos0f shf DaGwL Jojyf 311
12 shf rgf tyf sfnf]rL DaGwL Jojyf 317
13 clgjfo dfHbftdividejwflgs tntf DaGwL Jojyf 330
14 zfvfdividesfofno vf]Ng] DaGwL Jojyf 336
15 Aofhb DaGwL Jojyf 346
16 ljQLo |f]t +sng DaGwL Jojyf 356
17 ljkGg ju tyf tf]lsPsf If]qdf k|jfx ugkg] shf DaGwL Jojyf 362
18 tf]Gglt xg] sfoIf]q ljtf jf +srg tyf ufEg]divideufleg] DaGwL Jojyf 373
19 DklQ z4Ls0f tyf cft+sjfbL sfodf ljQLo nufgL lgjf0f DaGwL Jojyf 385
20 ljQLo u|fxs +If0f tyf ljQLo fIftf DaGwL Jojyf 412
21 ljljw Jojyf DaGwdf 417
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 3
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= divide)ampamp
Gogtd kFhLsf]if DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sfod ug kg] Gogtd kFhLsf]if DaGwdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf amp( n] lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL b]xfosf lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
= sfod ug kg] Gogtd kFhLsf]if
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +Yffn] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] Jojyfgf Gogtd kFhLsf]if cgkft sfod ug kg]5
+yf Gogtd k|fylds kFhL tyf kFhLsf]if
sfod ug kg] Jojyf
aeligsAElig ju Capital Adequacy Framework 2015 adf]lhd
aeligvAElig aeliguAElig ju Capital Adequacy Framework 2007 (Updated July 2008) adf]lhd
cflys jif )ampampdivideamp b]lv fli6laquootsf ljsf a+sxn] dfgfGt kdf Capital Adequacy
Framework 2015 adf]lhd Gogtd kFhLsf]if cgkft sfod ug kg]5
jfl0fHo a+sxn] Capital Adequacy Framework 2015 df Jojyf ePadf]lhdsf] Countercyclical Buffer
sfod ug kg] JojyfnfO cf=j= )ampampdivideamp Ddsf] nflu yug ulPsf] 5
= kFhLsf]if
kFhLsf]if eGgfn] k|fylds kFhL ks kFhLsf] of]u Demg kb5
aeligsAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] kFhLsf]ifsf] u0fgf +nUg cgrL = df Jojyf ePsf] Capital
Adequacy Framework 2015 adf]lhd ug kg]5 aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] kFhLsf]ifsf]
u0fgf +nUg cgrL = df Jojyf ePsf] Capital Adequacy Framework 2007 (Updated July 2008)
cgf ug kg]5
= kFhLsf]if DaGwdf k7fpg kg] ljj0fx
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] hgs dodf klg tf]lsPsf] cgkftdf Gogtd kFhLsf]if
sfod ug kg]5
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] kFhLsf]ifsf] ljj0f k|To]s dlxgfsf] dfGtsf] ljQLo
ljj0fsf cfwfdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof uL cfGtls n]vfkLIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft ufO o a+ssf]
lkf]l6ordf kf]6n dfkmt k|To]s dlxgf dfKt ePsf] lbg leq k7fO Sg kg]5
$= ICAAP dfubzg DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt aeligsAElig ju fli6laquootsf aeligvAElig jusf +yfn] o a+saf6 hfL ulPsf] Internal
Capital Adequacy Assesment Process (ICAAP) Guidelines kfngf ugkg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 4
= n]vfkLIf0f ufpg lsg]
kFhLsf]if kofKt gePsf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxsf] Jofjflos cjyfaf] hfgsfL lng o a+sn]
cfjZos 7fg]df dNofIacuteg n]vfkLIf0f -Due Diligence Audit_ ufpg Sg]5 f] jfkt nfUg] vr
DalGwt +yfn] g eStfgL ug kg]5
^= kFhLsf]if DaGwL lgb]zgxsf] kfngf gePdf xg] sfjfxL
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] kFhLsf]if DaGwL lgb]zg kfngf gu]df zL3| wffTds sfjfxL DaGwL
ljlgodfjnL )amp$ adf]lhdsf] sfjfxL xg]5
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sg cflys jifsf] aLrsf] sg cjlwdf tf]lsPsf] cgkftdf Gogtd
kFhLsf]if sfod ug gs]sf] ePtfklg f]xL cflys jifsf] cGTodf tf]lsPsf] cgkftdf Gogtd
kFhLsf]if sfod ePsf] cfwfdf gub nfef+z tyf af]g ]o 3f]if0ffdivideljt0f ug kfOg] 5g
amp= vf]hL arfpm
-_ o a+saf6 ocl3 hfL ulPsf b]xfosf lgb]zgx vf]h ulPsf] 5 Mndash
PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ sf] Gogtd kFhLsf]if DaGwL Jojyf O=k|f lgb]zg g+= divide)amp^ af6 hfL
ulPsf] lgb]zg tyf f] kZrft ldlt )ampamp ebf ut]Dd hfL ePsf o ljifoFu DalGwt
Dk0f klkqx
-_ pkaFbf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf lgb]zg tyf klkq adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL o
lgb]zg adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 5
cgrL g+= = Capital Adequacy Framework
2015
1 INTRODUCTION
11 BACKGROUND
Prior to 1988 there was no uniform international regulatory standard for setting bank capital
requirements In 1988 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)1 developed the Capital
Accord which is known as Basel I to align the capital adequacy requirements applicable especially to
banks in G-10 countries Basel I introduced two key concepts First it defined what banks could hold as
capital as well as designating capital as Tier 1 or Tier 2 according to its loss-absorbing or creditor-
protecting characteristics The second key concept introduced in Basel I was that capital should be held
by banks in relation to the risks that they face The major risks faced by banks relate to the assets held on
balance sheet Thus Basel I calculated banks‟ minimum capital requirements as a percentage of assets
which are adjusted in accordance with their riskiness and assigning risk weights to assets Higher weights
are assigned to riskier assets such as corporate loans and lower weights are assigned to less risky assets
such as exposures to government
The BCBS released the International Convergence of Capital Measurements and Capital Standards
Revised Framework popularly known as Basel II on June 26 2004 This framework was updated in
November 2005 and a comprehensive version of the framework was issued in June 2006 Basel II builds
significantly on Basel I by increasing the sensitivity of capital to key bank risks In addition Basel II
recognizes that banks can face a multitude of risks ranging from the traditional risks associated with
financial intermediation to the day-to-day risks of operating a business as well as the risks associated with
the ups and downs of the local and international economies As a result the framework more explicitly
associates capital requirements with the particular categories of major risks that banks face
The Basel II capital framework also recognizes that large usually internationally active banks have
already put in place sophisticated approaches to risk measurement and management based on statistical
inference rather than judgment alone Thus the framework allows banks under certain conditions to use
their own bdquointernal‟ models and techniques to measure the key risks that they face the probability of loss
and the capital required to meet those losses In developing the new framework the Basel Committee
incorporated many elements that help to promote a sound and efficient financial system over and above
the setting of minimum capital requirements Keeping this in mind the Basel II framework incorporates
three complementary bdquopillars‟ that draw on the range of approaches to help ensure that banks are
adequately capitalized in commensurate with their risk profile
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) released a comprehensive reform package entitled
ldquoBasel III A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systemsrdquo (known as
Basel III capital regulations) in December 2010 Basel III reforms are the response of the Basel
Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) to improve the banking sector‟s ability to absorb shocks
arising from financial and economic stress whatever the source thus reducing the risk of spill over from
the financial sector to the real economy Basel III reforms strengthen the bank-level ie micro prudential
regulation with the intention to raise the resilience of individual banking institutions in periods of stress
1 The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the
central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1975 It consists of senior representatives of bank supervisory
authorities and central banks from Belgium Canada France Germany Italy Japan Luxembourg the Netherlands Spain
Sweden Switzerland the United Kingdom and the United States It usually meets at the Bank for International Settlements in
Basel Switzerland where its permanent Secretariat is located
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 6
Besides the reforms have a macro prudential focus also addressing system wide risks which can build
up across the banking sector as well as the procyclical amplification of these risks over time These new
global regulatory and supervisory standards mainly seek to raise the quality and level of capital (Pillar 1)
to ensure that banks are better able to absorb losses on both a going concern and a gone concern basis
increase the risk coverage of the capital framework introduce leverage ratio to serve as a backstop to the
risk-based capital measure raise the standards for the supervisory review process (Pillar 2) and public
disclosures (Pillar 3) etc The macro prudential aspects of Basel III are largely enshrined in the capital
buffers Both the buffers ie the capital conservation buffer and the countercyclical buffer are intended to
protect the banking sector from periods of excess credit growth
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervisions (BCBS) recommendations on capital accord are
important guiding frameworks for the regulatory capital requirement to the banking industry all over the
world and Nepal is no exception Realizing the significance of capital for ensuring the safety and
soundness of the banks and the banking system at large Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has developed and
enforced capital adequacy requirement based on international practices with an appropriate level of
customization based on domestic state of market developments
With a view of adopting the international best practices NRB has already issued the Basel III
implementation action plan and expressed its intention to adopt the Basel III framework albeit in a
simplified form In line with the international development and thorough discussion with the stakeholders
evaluation and assessment of impact studies at various phases this framework has been drafted This
framework provides the guidelines for the implementation of Basel III framework in Nepal The Basel III
capital regulations continue to be based on three-mutually reinforcing Pillars viz minimum capital
requirements supervisory review of capital adequacy and market discipline of the Basel II capital
adequacy framework
12 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this framework is to develop safe and sound financial system by way of
sufficient amount of qualitative capital and risk management practices This framework is intended
to ensure that each bank maintain a level of capital which
(i) is adequate to protect its depositors and creditors
(ii) is commensurate with the risk associated activities and profile of the banks
(iii) promotes public confidence in the banking system
13 PRE-REQUISITES
The effective implementation of this framework is dependent on various factors Some such pre-
requisites are
(i) Implementation of Basel Core Principles for effective Banking Supervision
(ii) Adoption of the sound practices for the management of Operational Risk
(iii) Formulation and adoption of comprehensive risk management policy
(iv) Adherence to high degree of corporate governance
14 RESPONSIBILITY
The board of directors of each bank shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining at all
times an adequate level of capital The capital standards herein are the minimum that is acceptable
for banks that are fundamentally sound well managed and have no material financial or
operational weaknesses Thus banks are generally expected to operate above the limits prescribed
by this framework
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15 SCOPE OF APPLICATION
This framework shall be applicable to all A Class financial institutions2 licensed to conduct
banking business in Nepal under the Bank and Financial Institution Act 2073
This capital adequacy framework shall be applicable uniformly to all A class financial institutions
on a stand-alone basis and as well as on a consolidated basis where the bank is member of a
consolidated banking group For the purpose of capital adequacy the consolidated bank means a
group of financial entities parent or holding company of which a bank is a subsidiary All banking
and other relevant financial activities (both regulated and unregulated) conducted within a group
including a bank shall be captured through consolidation Thus majority owned or controlled
financial entities should be fully consolidated If any majority owned subsidiary institutions are not
consolidated for capital purposes all equity and other regulatory capital investments in those
entities attributable to the group will be deducted except otherwise prescribed and the assets and
liabilities as well as third party capital investments in the subsidiary will be removed from the
bank‟s balance sheet for capital adequacy purposes
16 APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTATION
International Convergence for Capital Measurements and Capital Standards Revised Framework
alias Basel II under Pillar 1 provides three distinct approaches for computing capital requirements
for credit risk and three other approaches for computing capital requirements for operational risk
These approaches for credit and operational risk are based on increasing risk sensitivity and allow
banks to select an approach that is most appropriate to the stage of development of banks‟
operations
The product and services offered by the Nepalese Banks are still largely conventional in
comparison with other economies This coupled with the various inherent limitations of our system
like the limitation of credit rating practices makes the advanced approaches like Internal Ratings
Based Approach or even Standardized Approach impractical and unfeasible Thus at this juncture
this framework prescribes Simplified Standardized Approach (SSA) to measure credit risk while
Basic Indicator Approach and an indigenous Net Open Position Approach for measurement of
Operational Risk and Market Risk respectively
17 IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED APPROACHES
This framework prescribes the simplest of the available approaches at the initial phase with a vision
to move onto more complex and risk sensitive approaches as the market gradually gains maturity
Banks willing to adopt advanced approaches even for internal purposes should obtain prior written
approval from Nepal Rastra Bank on providing evidence that they have the resources and the
capability to adopt the proposed approaches
A bank will not be allowed to choose to revert to a simpler approach once it has been approved for
a more advanced approach without supervisory approval However if a supervisor determines that
a bank using a more advanced approach no longer meets the qualifying criteria for an advanced
approach it may allow the bank to revert to a simpler approach for some or all of its operations
until it meets the conditions specified by the supervisor for returning to a more advanced approach
2 ldquoArdquo class financial institutions refers to ldquoCommercial Banksrdquo
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 8
18 TRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
In order to ensure smooth migration to Basel III without aggravating any near term stress
appropriate transitional arrangements have been made The transitional arrangements for capital
ratios will begin from Mid July 2016 (Shrawan 2073) Capital ratios and deductions from
Common Equity will be fully phased-in and implemented as on mid july 2019 The phase-in
arrangements for banks are indicated in the following Table
BASEL III in Nepal
Transition Period
( Mid July)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Minimum Common Equity Capital Ratio 400 450 450 450 450
Capital Conservation Buffer 100 125 150 200 250
Minimum common equity plus capital
conservation buffer 500 575 600 650 700
Minimum Tier 1 Capital
(Excluding conservation buffer) 600 600 600 600 600
Minimum Total Capital
Excluding conservation buffer) 1000 975 950 900 850
Minimum Total Capital (including
conservation buffer ) 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
Counter Cyclical Buffers
Introduce
minimum
standard
0-25 0-25 0-25 0-25
Leverage Ratio
Introduce
minimum
standard
Offsite Monitoring
400
Migration
to
Pillar 1
Liquidity coverage ratio Review Existing
Framework LCR 100
LCR
100
LCR
100
Net stable funding ratio
Observation
and Parallel Run
Introduce
minimum
standard
Implemented
SIFI Measures NRB shall issue the regulation
19 EFFECTIVE DATE
All banks within the scope of this framework should adopt the prescribed approaches from Mid
July 2016 (Fiscal Year 207374) In order to ensure smooth transition to new approach prescribed
by this framework a parallel run from Mid January 2016 (Poush End 2072) to Mid July 2016
(Asar End 2073) will be conducted The banks are required to submit their capital adequacy report
to the Bank Supervision Department on a monthly basis Based on the findings of the parallel run
further amendments and modification will be incorporated in the framework wherever deemed
necessary
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 9
2 REQUIREMENTS FOR CAPITAL FUNDS
21 DEFINITION OF CAPITAL
The qualifying regulatory capital shall consist of the sum of the following components
a Tier 1 Capital (Core Capital)
A Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)
B Additional Tier 1 (AT1)
b Tier 2 Capital (Supplementary Capital)
The detailed description of the components of regulatory capital and their elements are as follows
I Tier 1 Capital (Core Capital)
The key element of capital on which the main emphasis should be placed is Tier 1 (core)
capital which is comprised of equity capital and disclosed reserves This key element of capital
is the basis on which most market judgments of capital adequacy are made and it has a crucial
bearing on profit margins and a banks ability to compete
The BCBS has therefore concluded that capital for supervisory purposes should be defined in
two tiers in a way which will have the effect of requiring at least 50 of a banks capital base
to consist of a core element comprised of equity capital and published reserves from post-tax
retained earnings
In order to rank as Tier 1 capital must be fully paid up have no fixed servicing or dividend
costs attached to it and be freely available to absorb losses ahead of general creditors Capital
also needs to have a very high degree of permanence if it is to be treated as Tier 1
Tier 1 Capital shall consist of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital and Additional Tier 1 Capital and
the sum of these two capital shall be total Tier 1 Capital
A Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
Common Equity is recognized as the highest quality component of capital and is the primary
form of funding which ensures that a bank remains solvent Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
consists of the sum of the following elements
(i) Common shares issued by the bank that meet the criteria for classification as common shares
for regulatory purposes
(ii) Stock surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of instruments included in
Common Equity Tier 1
(iii) Statutory General Reserve
(iv) Retained Earnings available for distribution to shareholders
(v) Un-audited current year cumulative profit after all provisions including staff bonus and
taxes as well as regulatory adjustments Where such provisions and regulatory
adjustments are not made this amount shall not qualify as Common Equity Tier 1 capital
(vi) Capital Redemption Reserves created in lieu of redeemable instruments
(vii) Capital Adjustment reserves created in respect of increasing the capital base of the bank
(viii) Dividend Equalization Reserves
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(ix) Other free reserves if any
(x) Bargain purchase gain arises on merger and acquisitions However prior approval of
NRB is required for it to include in Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
(xi) Any other type of instruments notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in
Common Equity Tier 1 capital and
(xii) Less Regulatory adjustments deductions applied in the calculation of Common Equity
Tier 1 capital
Criteria for common shares issued by the bank for inclusion in Common Equity
Common shares must meet the following criteria to be included in Common Equity Tier 1
Capital
1 All common shares should be voting shares
2 Represent the most subordinate claim in liquidation of the bank
3 Be entitled to a claim on the residual assets which is proportional to its share of paid up
capital after all senior claims have been repaid in liquidation (ie has an unlimited and
variable claim not a fixed or capped claim)
4 Principal is perpetual and never repaid outside of liquidation (except discretionary
repurchases buy backs or other means of effectively reducing capital in a discretionary
manner with the prior approval of NRB which is allowable under relevant law as well as
guidelines if any issued by NRB in the matter)
5 The bank does nothing to create an expectation at issuance that the instrument will be
bought back redeemed or cancelled nor do the statutory or contractual terms provide any
feature which might give rise to such an expectation
6 Distributions are paid out of distributable items The level of distributions is not in any
way tied or linked to the amount paid up at issuance and is not subject to a contractual
cap (except to the extent that a bank is unable to pay distributions that exceed the level of
distributable items) As regards bdquodistributable items‟ it is clarified that the dividend on
common shares will be paid out of the current year‟s profit and retained earnings only
7 There are no circumstances under which the distributions are obligatory Non-payment is
therefore not an event of default
8 Distributions are paid only after all legal and contractual obligations have been met and
payments on more senior capital instruments have been made This means that there are
no preferential distributions including in respect of other elements classified as the
highest quality issued capital
9 It is the paid up capital that takes the first and proportionately greatest share of any losses
as they occur Within the highest quality capital each instrument absorbs losses on a
going concern basis proportionately and pari passu with all the others
10 The paid up amount is classified as equity capital (ie not recognised as a liability) for
determining balance sheet insolvency
11 The paid up amount is classified as equity under the relevant accounting standards
12 It is directly issued and paid up and the bank cannot directly or indirectly have funded the
purchase of the instrument Banks should also not extend loans against their own shares
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 11
13 The paid up amount is neither secured nor covered by a guarantee of the issuer or related
entity nor subject to any other arrangement that legally or economically enhances the
seniority of the claim
14 Paid up capital is only issued with the approval of the owners of the issuing bank either
given directly by the owners or if permitted by applicable law given by the Board of
Directors or by other persons duly authorized by the owners
15 Paid up capital is clearly and separately disclosed in the bank‟s balance sheet
B Additional Tier 1 Capital
Additional Tier 1 Capital mainly include the instruments either classified as equity under
relevant accounting standards but are not the common equity share and hence not includible in
common equity tier 1 or the instrument which are classified as liabilities under relevent
accounting standards however it is includible in additional tier 1 capital Under Basel III non-
common equity elements to be included in Tier 1 capital should absorb losses while the bank
remains a going concern Towards this end one of the important criteria for Additional Tier 1
instruments is that these instruments should have principal loss absorption through either (i)
conversion into common shares at an objective pre-specified trigger point or (ii) a write-down
mechanism which allocates losses to the instrument at a pre-specified trigger point Banks
should not issue Additional Tier 1 capital instruments to the retail investors
Additional Tier 1 capital consists of the sum of the following elements
(i) Perpetual Non Cumulative Preference Share (PNCPS) and Perpetual Debt Instruments
(PDI) issued by the bank that meet the criteria for inclusion in Additional Tier 1 capital
(ii) Stock surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of PNCPS instruments included in
Additional Tier 1 capital and
(iii) Less Regulatory adjustments deductions applied in the calculation of Additional Tier 1
capital
Criteria for Instruments issued by the bank for inclusion in Additional Tier 1
Perpetual Non Cumulative Preference Share (PNCPS) and Perpetual Debt Instruments (PDI)
issued by the bank must meet the following criteria to be included in Additional Tier 1 Capital
1 The instruments should be issued by the Bank (ie not by any bdquoSpecial Purpose Vehicle‟
etc set up by the bank for this purpose) and fully paid up
2 The claim of investors of the instruments shall be
(A) In case of Perpetual Non Cumulative Preference Shares
(i) Superior to the claims of investors in equity shares and
(ii) Subordinated to the claims of PDIs all Tier 2 regulatory capital instruments
depositors and general creditors of the bank
(B) In case of Perpetual Debt Instruments
(i) Superior to the claims of investors in equity shares and perpetual non-cumulative
preference shares
(ii) Subordinated to the claims of depositors general creditors and subordinated debt
of the bank
3 The instruments should be neither secured nor covered by a guarantee of the issuer or
related entity or other arrangement that legally or economically enhances the seniority of
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 12
the claim vis-agrave-vis bank creditors
4 The instruments should be perpetual ie there is no maturity date and there are no step-ups
or other incentives to redeem
5 The Instruments may be callable at the initiative of the issuer This means that the
instruments shall not be issued with ldquoPut Optionrdquo However banks may issue instruments
with a ldquoCall Optionrdquo at a particular date subject to following conditions
a) The call option on the instrument is permissible after ten years of issuance
b) To exercise a call option a bank must receive prior approval of NRB
c) A bank must not do anything which creates an expectation that the call will be
exercised and
d) Banks must not exercise a call unless
i The bank replaces the called instrument with capital of the same or better quality
and the replacement of this capital is done at conditions which are sustainable for
the income capacity of the bank or
ii The bank demonstrates that its capital position is well above the minimum
capital requirements after the call option is exercised
6 Any repayment of principal (eg through repurchase buy-back or redemption) must be with
prior approval of NRB and banks should not assume or create market expectations that
supervisory approval will be given Banks may repurchase buy-back redeem the
instruments only if
(a) The bank replaces such instrument with capital of the same or better quality and
the replacement of this capital is done at conditions which are sustainable for the
income capacity of the bank or
(b) The bank demonstrates that its capital position is well above the minimum capital
requirements after the repurchase buy-back redemption
7 Dividendcoupon discretion
a the bank must have full discretion at all times to cancel distributionspayments
b cancellation of discretionary payments must not be an event of default
c banks must have full access to cancelled payments to meet obligations as they fall due
and
d cancellation of distributionspayments must not impose restrictions on the bank except in
relation to distributions to common stockholders
8 Dividendscoupons must be paid out of bdquodistributable items‟
As regards bdquodistributable items‟ it is clarified that the dividend on perpetual non-
cumulative preference shares (PNCPS) will be paid out of current year‟s profit only
In case of coupon on perpetual debt instruments (PDI) it is clarified that if the payment of
coupons on perpetual debt instrument (PDI) is likely to result in losses in the current year
their declaration should be precluded to that extent
Dividend on PNCPS and coupons on PDI should not be paid out of retained earnings
reserves In other words payment of dividendcoupons should not have the effect of
reducing retained earnings reserves
9 The instrument cannot have a credit sensitive dividendcoupon feature that is a
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dividendcoupon that is reset periodically based in whole or in part on the banking
organizations credit standing
10 The dividendcoupon shall not be cumulative ie dividendcoupon missed in a year will
not be paid in future years even if adequate profit is available and the level of CAR
conforms to the regulatory minimum When dividendcoupon is paid at a rate lesser than
the prescribed rate the unpaid amount will not be paid in future years even if adequate
profit is available and the level of CAR conforms to the regulatory minimum
11 The instrument cannot contribute to liabilities exceeding assets if such a balance sheet test
forms part of requirement to prove insolvency by any law or otherwise
12 Instruments classified as liabilities for accounting purposes must have principal loss
absorption through either (i) conversion to common shares at an objective pre-specified
trigger point or (ii) a write-down mechanism which allocates losses to the instrument at a
pre-specified trigger point The write-down will have the following effects
a Reduce the claim of the instrument in liquidation
b Reduce the amount re-paid when a call is exercised and
c Partially or fully reduce coupondividend payments on the instrument
13 Neither the bank nor a related party over which the bank exercises control or significant
influence (as defined under relevant Nepal Financial Reporting Standards) can have
purchased the instrument nor can the bank directly or indirectly have funded the purchase
of the instrument
14 The instrument cannot have any features that hinder recapitalization such as provisions that
require the issuer to compensate investors if a new instrument is issued at a lower price
during a specified time frame
II Tier 2 (Supplementary) Capital
The Supplementary (Tier 2) Capital includes reserves which have been passed through the profit
and loss account and all other capital instruments eligible and acceptable for capital purposes
Elements of the Tier 2 capital will be reckoned as capital funds up to a maximum of 100 percent
of Tier 1 capital arrived at after making regulatory adjustmentsdeductions In case where the
Tier 1 capital of a bank is negative the Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes shall be considered
as zero and hence the capital fund in such cases shall be equal to the core capital
The Tier 2 Capital consists of the sum of the following elements
(i) Preference Share Capital Instruments [Perpetual Cumulative Preference Shares (PCPS)
Redeemable Non-Cumulative Preference Shares (RNCPS) Redeemable Cumulative
Preference Shares (RCPS)] issued by the bank with the maturity of 5 years or above
(ii) Subordinated term debt fully paid up with a maturity of 5 years or above unsecured and
subordinated to the claim of other creditors free of restrictive clauses and not redeemable
before maturity Since subordinated term debt is not normally available to participate in
the losses the amount eligible for inclusion in the capital adequacy calculations is limited
to 50 of core capital Moreover to reflect the diminishing value of these instruments as
a continuing source of strength a cumulative discount (amortization) factor of 20 per
annum shall be applied for capital adequacy computations during the last 5 years to
maturity
(iii) Hybrid capital instruments combine certain characteristics of debt and certain
characteristics of equity Each such instrument has a particular feature which can be
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considered to affect its quality as capital Where these instruments have close similarities
to equity in particular when they are able to support losses on an ongoing basis without
triggering liquidation they may be included in Tier 2 capital with approval from Nepal
Rastra Bank
(iv) Stock surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of instruments included in Tier 2
capital
(v) General loan loss provision limited to a maximum of 125 of total Credit Risk
Weighted Exposures General loan loss provision refers to provisions or loan- loss
reserves held against future presently unidentified losses are freely available to meet
losses which subsequently materialize and therefore qualify for inclusion in Tier 2
Capital However impairment loss booked under NFRS as per Incurred Loss Model shall
not be eligible to be included in Tier 2 Capital as the impairment is recognized on loss
incurred and not for the future
Loan loss provision created on pass loan as per regulatory requirement shall be eligible
for inclusion Tier 2 Capital
(vi) Exchange equalization reserves created by banks as a cushion for unexpected losses
arising out of adverse movements in foreign currencies
(vii) Investment adjustment reserves to the extent created out of retained earning ie
appropriation of profit
(viii) Any other type of instruments notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in Tier 2
capital
(ix) Less Regulatory adjustments deductions applied in the calculation of Tier 2 capital
Criteria for Instruments issued by the bank for inclusion in Tier 2 Capital
Preference Share Capital Instruments [Perpetual Cumulative Preference Shares (PCPS)
Redeemable Non-Cumulative Preference Shares (RNCPS) Redeemable Cumulative Preference
Shares (RCPS)] Subordinated Term Debt and Hybrid Capital Instrument issued by the bank
must meet the following criteria to be included in Tier 2 Capital
1 The instruments should be issued by the Bank (ie not by any bdquoSpecial Purpose Vehicle‟
etc set up by the bank for this purpose) and fully paid up
2 These instruments could be either perpetual or dated with a maturity period of minimum 5
years or more and there should be no step-ups or other incentives to redeem The perpetual
instruments shall be cumulative The dated instruments could be cumulative or non-
cumulative
3 The dated instruments (both cumulative and non-cumulative) shall be subjected to a
progressive discount for capital adequacy purposes over the last five years of their tenor as
they approach maturity as indicated in the table below for being eligible for inclusion in
Tier 2 capital
Remaining Maturity of Instruments Rate of Discount
()
Less than one year 100
One year and more but less than two years 80
Two years and more but less than three years 60
Three years and more but less than four years 40
Four years and more but less than five years 20
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4 DividendCouponRate of Interest
(i) The dividendcoupon payable to the investors may be either at a fixed rate or at a floating rate referenced to a market determined rupee interest benchmark rate
(ii) The instrument cannot have a credit sensitive coupon feature ie a coupon that is reset periodically based in whole or in part on the banks‟ credit standing
5 The claims of the investors in instruments shall be
(i) senior to the claims of investors in instruments eligible for inclusion in Tier 1
capital
(ii) subordinate to the claims of all depositors and general creditors of the bank and
(iii) Neither secured nor covered by a guarantee of the issuer or related entity or other
arrangement that legally or economically enhances the seniority of the claim vis-agrave-
vis bank creditors
6 The instruments shall not be issued with ldquoPut Optionrdquo However the Instruments may be
callable at the initiative of the issuer Banks may issue instruments with a ldquoCall Optionrdquo at
a particular date subject to the following conditions
(i) The call option on the instrument is permissible after five years of issuance
(ii) To exercise a call option a bank must receive prior approval of NRB and
(iii) A bank must not do anything which creates an expectation that the call will be
exercised and
(iv) Banks must not exercise a call unless
(a) The bank replaces the called instrument with capital of the same or better
quality and the replacement of this capital is done on conditions which are
sustainable for the income capacity of the bank or
(b) The bank demonstrates that its capital position is well above the minimum
capital requirements after the call option is exercised
7 Treatment in Bankruptcy Liquidation
The investor must have no rights to accelerate the repayment of future scheduled payments
(coupon or principal) except in bankruptcy and liquidation
8 Prohibition on Purchase Funding of Instruments
Neither the bank nor a related party over which the bank exercises control or significant
influence (as defined under relevant Nepal Financial Reporting Standards) should purchase
the instrument nor can the bank directly or indirectly should fund the purchase of the
instrument Banks should also not grant advances against the security of the debt
instruments issued by them
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22 LOSS ABSORPTION OF ADDITIONAL TIER 1 INSTRUMENTS (AT1) AT THE PRE-
SPECIFIED TRIGGER
I Level of Pre-specified Trigger and Amount of Equity to be Created by Conversion
Write-down
1 As a bank‟s capital conservation buffer falls to 0625 of RWE it will be subject to
100 profit retention requirements One of the important objectives of capital
conservation buffer is to ensure that a bank always operates above minimum Common
Equity Tier 1 (CET1) level Therefore a pre-specified trigger for loss absorption through
conversion write-down of the level of Additional Tier 1 (AT1) instruments (PNCPS and
PDI) at CET1 of 5125 of RWEs (minimum CET1 of 45 + 25 of capital
conservation buffer of 25 ie 0625) has been fixed
2 The write-down conversion must generate CET1 under applicable Nepal Financial
Reporting Standards equal to the written-down converted amount net of tax if any
3 The aggregate amount to be written-down converted for all such instruments on
breaching the trigger level must be at least the amount needed to immediately return the
bank‟s CET1 ratio to the trigger level or if this is not sufficient the full principal value
of the instruments Further the issuer should have full discretion to determine the amount
of AT1 instruments to be convertedwritten-down subject to the amount of
conversionwrite-down not exceeding the amount which would be required to bring the
total Common Equity ratio to 7 of RWEs (minimum CET1 of 45 + capital
conservation buffer of 25)
4 The conversion write-down of AT1 instruments are primarily intended to replenish the
equity in the event it is depleted by losses Therefore banks should not use conversion
write-down of AT1 instruments to support expansion of balance sheet by incurring
further obligations booking assets Accordingly a bank whose total Common Equity
ratio slips below 7 due to losses and is still above 5125 ie trigger point should seek
to expand its balance sheet further only by raising fresh equity from its existing
shareholders or market and the internal accruals However fresh exposures can be taken
to the extent of amortization of the existing ones If any expansion in exposures such as
due to drawdown of sanctioned borrowing limits is inevitable this should be
compensated within the shortest possible time by reducing other exposures The bank
should maintain proper records to facilitate verification of these transactions by its
internal auditors statutory auditors and supervisors
II Types of Loss Absorption Features
5 Banks may issue AT1 instruments with conversion write-down features Further banks
may issue single AT1 instrument having both conversion and write-down features with
the option for conversion or write-down to be exercised by the bank Whichever option is
exercised it should be exercised across all investors of a particular issue
6 When a bank breaches the pre-specified trigger of loss absorbency of AT1 and the equity
is replenished either through conversion or write-down such replenished amount of
equity will be excluded from the common equity tier 1 of the bank for the purpose of
determining the proportion of earnings to be paid out as dividend in terms of rules laid
down for maintaining capital conservation buffer However once the bank has attained a
total Common Equity ratio of 7 without counting the replenished equity capital that
point onwards the bank may include the replenished equity capital for all purposes
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7 The conversion write-down may be allowed more than once in case a bank hits the pre-
specified trigger level subsequent to the first conversion write-down which was partial
III Treatment of AT1 Instruments in the event of Liquidation Merger Acquisition of the
Bank
8 If a bank goes into liquidation before the AT1 instruments have been written-down
converted these instruments will absorb losses in accordance with the order of seniority
indicated in the offer document and legal provisions governing priority of charges The
order of seniority indicated in the offer document should be in compliance with the
provision of Banking Act
9 If a bank goes into liquidation after the AT1 instruments have been written-down the
holders of these instruments will have no claim on the proceeds of liquidation
10 If a bank is merged withacquired by any other bank before the AT1 instruments have
been written-downconverted these instruments will become part of the corresponding
categories of regulatory capital of the new bank emerging after the mergeracquisition
11 If a bank is merged with any other bank after the non-equity regulatory capital
instruments have been written-down these cannot be written-up by the merged entity
IV Fixation of Conversion Price Capping of Number of Shares Voting Rights
12 Banks may issue AT1 instruments with conversion features either based on price fixed at
the time of issuance or based on the market price prevailing at the time of conversion
13 There will be a possibility of the debt holders receiving a large number of shares in the
event the share price is very low at the time of conversion Thus debt holders will end up
holding the number of shares and attached voting rights exceeding the legally permissible
limits Banks should therefore always keep sufficient headroom to accommodate the
additional equity due to conversion without breaching any of the statutory regulatory
ceilings especially that for maximum shareholdings and maximum voting rights per
investors group of related investors In order to achieve this banks should cap the
number of shares and or voting rights in accordance with relevant laws and regulations
on Ownership and Governance of banks Banks should adequately incorporate these
features in the terms and conditions of the instruments in the offer document
V Order of Conversion Write-down of Various Types of AT1 Instruments
14 The instruments should be converted written-down in order in which they would absorb
losses in a gone concern situation Banks should indicate in the offer document clearly
the order of conversion write-down of the instrument in question vis-agrave-vis other capital
instruments which the bank has already issued or may issue in future
23 DEDUCTIONS FROM CORE (TIER 1) CAPITAL
Banks shall be required to deduct the following from the Common Equity Tier 1 capital for capital
adequacy purposes The claims that have been deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 capital shall
be exempt from risk weights for the measurement of credit risk
a Book value of goodwill and all other intangible assets
Goodwill and all other intangible assets should be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1
capital including any goodwill included in the valuation of significant investments in the
capital of banking financial and insurance entities which are outside the scope of regulatory
consolidation
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The full amount of the intangible assets is to be a deducted net of any associated deferred tax
liabilities which would be extinguished if the intangible assets become impaired or
derecognized under the relevant accounting standards For this purpose the definition of
intangible assets would be in accordance with the Nepal Financial Reporting Standards
b Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred Tax Assets computed as under should be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1
(i) Deferred Tax Assets associated with the accumulated tax losses
(ii) Deferred Tax Assets other than associated with the accumulated tax losses net of
Deferred Tax Liabilities if any Where the Deferred Tax Liabilities is in excess of the
Deferred Tax Assets (excluding Deferred Tax Assets associated with accumulated
losses) the excess shall neither be adjusted against item (i) nor added to Common
Equity Tier 1 capital
c Miscellaneous expenditure to the extent not written off eg VRS expense preliminary
expense share issue expense deferred revenue expenditure etc
d Investment in Securities of financial institutions licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank3
e All Investments in equity of institutions with financial interest
f Investments in equity of institutions in excess of the prescribed limits
g Investments arising out of underwriting commitments that have not been disposed within a
year from the date of commitment
h Reciprocal crossholdings of bank capital artificially designed to inflate the capital position of
the bank
i Cash Flow Hedge Reserve
The amount of the cash flow hedge reserve which relates to the hedging of items that are not
fair valued on the balance sheet (including projected cash flows) should be derecognized in
the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 This means that positive amounts should be
deducted and negative amounts should be added back This treatment specifically identifies
the element of the cash flow hedge reserve that is to be derecognized for prudential purposes
It removes the element that gives rise to artificial volatility in Common Equity as in this case
the reserve only reflects one half of the picture (the fair value of the derivative but not the
changes in fair value of the hedged future cash flow)
j Defined Benefit Pension Fund Assets and Liabilities
Defined benefit pension fund liabilities as included on the balance sheet must be fully
recognized in the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 capital (ie Common Equity Tier 1
capital cannot be increased through derecognizing or unrecognition of these liabilities) For
each defined benefit pension fund that is an asset on the balance sheet the asset should be
deducted in the calculation of Common Equity Tier 1 net of any associated deferred tax
liability which would be extinguished if the asset should become impaired or derecognized
under the relevant accounting standards
k Negative balance of Reserve Accounts
3 Investment in shares of institutions where the waiver has been explicitly provided by NRB are subject to risk weight of
100 and shall not be deducted from Tier 1 capital
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Negative balances of any reserve such as which is recognized directly or through other
comprehensive income in equity such as revaluation reserve fair value reserve actuarial loss
etc shall be deducted from Core (Common Equity Tier 1) Capital However the
corresponding assets shall not be exempted from risk weights for the measurement of credit
risk as the loss recognized in equity has already been adjusted in carrying amount of related
assets Since full amount of assets has not been deducted from Core Capital risk weights on
carrying amount of assets shall be applied to measure credit risk
l Any other instruments as stipulated by Nepal Rastra Bank from time to time
24 CAPITAL FUNDS
The capital fund is the summation of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital and Tier 1 capital is the total of
common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital A bank should compute capital ratios in the
following manner
Common Equity tier 1 capital ratio = Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
Total Risk Weighted Exposure
Tier 1 capital ratio = Eligible tier 1 Capital
Total Risk Weighted Exposure
Total Capital Ratio (CAR) = Eligible Total Capital
Total Risk Weighted Exposure
Total Risk Weighted Exposure = Credit Risk RWEyen+Market Risk RWE+ Operational Risk
RWE + Supervisory Adjustment under Pillar II
yen RWE= Risk weighted Exposure
CAR=Capital Adequacy Ratio
(i) Banks shall maintain a minimum total capital (MTC) of 85 of total risk weighted
assets (RWAs) ie capital to risk weighted assets (CRAR)
(ii) Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital must be at least 45 of risk-weighted assets
(RWAs) ie for credit risk + market risk + operational risk on an ongoing basis
(iii) Tier 1 capital must be at least 6 of RWAs on an ongoing basis Thus within the
minimum Tier 1 capital Additional Tier 1 capital can be admitted maximum at 15 of
RWAs
(iv) Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital plus Tier 2 Capital) must be at least 85 of RWAs on an
ongoing basis The sum total of the different components of the Tier 2 capitals will be
limited to the sum total of the various components of the Tier 1 capital net of deductions
as specified in paragraph 23 In case the Tier 1 capital is negative Tier 2 capital shall be
considered to be Nil for regulatory capital adequacy purposes and hence in such a
situation the capital fund shall be equal to the Tier 1 capital
(v) If a bank has complied with the minimum Common Equity Tier 1 and Tier 1 capital
ratios then the excess Additional Tier 1 capital can be admitted for compliance with the
minimum CRAR of 85 of RWAs
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(vi) In addition to the minimum Common Equity Tier 1 capital of 45 of RWAs banks are
also required to maintain a capital conservation buffer (CCB) of 25 of RWAs in the
form of Common Equity Tier 1 capital
Thus with full implementation of capital ratios and CCB the capital requirements are
summarized as follows
Regulatory Capital As to
RWAs
(i) Minimum Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio 45
(ii) Capital Conservation Buffer ( Comprised of Common Equity) 25
(iii) Minimum Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio plus Capital
Conservation Buffer [(i)+(ii)]
70
(iv) Minimum Tier 1 Capital Ratio 60
(v) Minimum Total Capital Ratio ( MTC) 85
(vi) Minimum Total Capital Ratio plus Capital Conservation Buffer 110
For the purpose of all prudential exposure limits linked to capital funds the bdquocapital
funds‟ will exclude the applicable capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital
buffer as and when activated but include Additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital It
may be noted that the term bdquoCommon Equity Tier 1 capital‟ does not include capital
conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer
25 CAPITAL CONSERVATION BUFFER
A Objective
1 The capital conservation buffer (CCB) is designed to ensure that banks build up capital buffers
during normal times (ie outside periods of stress) which can be drawn down as losses are
incurred during a stressed period The requirement is based on simple capital conservation rules
designed to avoid breaches of minimum capital requirements
2 Outside the period of stress banks should hold buffers of capital above the regulatory
minimum When buffers have been drawn down one way banks should look to rebuild them is
through reducing discretionary distributions of earnings Banks may also choose to raise new
capital from the market as an alternative to conserving internally generated capital However if
a bank decides to make payments in excess of the constraints imposed as explained above the
bank with the prior approval of NRB would have to use the option of raising capital from the
market equal to the amount above the constraint which it wishes to distribute
3 The capital conservation buffer can be drawn down only when a bank faces a systemic or
idiosyncratic stress A bank should not choose in normal times to operate in the buffer range
simply to compete with other banks and win market share This aspect would be specifically
looked into by NRB during the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process If at any time a
bank is found to have allowed its capital conservation buffer to fall in normal times particularly
by increasing its risk weighted assets without a commensurate increase in the Common Equity
Tier 1 Ratio (although adhering to the restrictions on distributions) this would be viewed
seriously In addition such a bank will be required to bring the buffer to the desired level
within a time limit prescribed by NRB The banks which draw down their capital conservation
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 21
buffer during a stressed period should also have a definite plan to replenish the buffer as part of
its Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process and strive to bring the buffer to the desired
level within a time limit agreed to with NRB during the Supervisory Review and Evaluation
Process
4 The framework of capital conservation buffer will strengthen the ability of banks to withstand
adverse economic environment conditions will help increase banking sector resilience both
going into a downturn and provide the mechanism for rebuilding capital during the early stages
of economic recovery Thus by retaining a greater proportion of earnings during a downturn
banks will be able to help ensure that capital remains available to support the ongoing business
operations lending activities during the period of stress Therefore this framework is expected
to help reduce pro-cyclicality
B The Framework
5 Banks are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 25 comprised of Common
Equity Tier 1 capital above the regulatory minimum capital requirement of 850 Banks
should not distribute capital (ie pay dividends or bonuses in any form) in case capital level
falls within this range However they will be able to conduct business as normal when their
capital levels fall into the conservation range as they experience losses Therefore the
constraints imposed are related to the distributions only and are not related to the operations of
banks The distribution constraints imposed on banks when their capital levels fall into the
range increase as the banks‟ capital levels approach the minimum requirements The Table
below shows the minimum capital conservation ratios a bank must meet at various levels of the
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratios
Minimum capital conservation standards for individual bank
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio Minimum Capital Conservation Ratios
(expressed as a percentage of earnings)
45 - 5125 100
gt5125 - 575 80
gt575 - 6375 60
gt6375 - 70 40
gt70 0
For example a bank with a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio in the range of 5125 to
575 is required to conserve 80 of its earnings in the subsequent financial year (ie payout
no more than 20)
6 The capital conservation buffer will be phased in between mid July 2016 and becoming fully
effective on mid July 2019 It will begin at 125 of RWEs on mid July 2016 15 on mid
July 2017 and increase each subsequent year by an additional 050 percentage points to reach
its final level of 25 of RWAs on mid July 2019 The minimum capital conservation standards
apply with reference to the applicable minimum CET1 capital and applicable CCB Therefore
during the transition period banks may refer to the following Table for meeting the minimum
capital conservation ratios at various levels of the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratios
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 22
Minimum capital conservation standards for individual bank
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio after including the current periods retained
earnings
Minimum
Capital
Conservation
Ratios
(expressed as
of earnings)
Mid July 2016 Mid July 2017 Mid July 2018
450 - 481 45 - 4875 45 - 500 100
gt481 - 513 gt4875 - 525 gt500 - 550 80
gt513 - 544 gt525 - 5625 gt550 - 600 60
gt544 - 575 gt5625 - 600 gt600 - 650 40
gt575 gt600 gt650 0
Banks that already meet the minimum ratio requirement during the transition period but remain
below the 7 Common Equity Tier 1 target (minimum of 45 plus conservation buffer of
25) should maintain prudent earnings retention policies with a view to meeting the
conservation buffer as soon as reasonably possible However NRB may consider accelerating
the build-up of the capital conservation buffer and shorten the transition periods if the situation
warrants so
7 The Common Equity Tier 1 ratio includes amounts used to meet the minimum Common Equity
Tier 1 capital requirement of 45 but excludes any additional Common Equity Tier 1 needed
to meet the 7 Tier 1 and 85 Total Capital requirements For example a bank maintains
Common Equity Tier 1 capital of 85 and has no Additional Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital
Therefore the bank would meet all minimum capital requirements but would have a zero
conservation buffer and therefore the bank would be subjected to 100 constraint on
distributions of capital by way of dividends share-buybacks and discretionary bonuses
8 The following represents other key aspects of the capital conservation buffer requirements
(i) Elements subject to the restriction on distributions Dividends and share buybacks
discretionary payments on other Tier 1 capital instruments and discretionary bonus
payments to staff would constitute items considered to be distributions Payments which do
not result in depletion of Common Equity Tier 1 capital (for example includes certain scrip
dividend) are not considered distributions
(ii) Definition of earnings Earnings are defined as distributable profits before the deduction
of elements subject to the restriction on distributions mentioned at (i) above Earnings are
calculated after the tax which would have been reported had none of the distributable items
been paid As such any tax impact of making such distributions are reversed out If a bank
does not have positive earnings and has a Common Equity Tier 1 ratio less than 7 it
should not make positive net distributions
(iii) Additional supervisory discretion Supervisors have the additional discretion to impose
time limits on banks operating within the buffer range on a case-by-case basis In any case
supervisors should ensure that the capital plans of banks seek to rebuild buffers over an
appropriate timeframe
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 23
26 COUNTERCYCLICAL BUFFER
A Introduction
1 Losses incurred in the banking sector can be extremely large when a downturn is preceded by a
period of excess credit growth These losses can destabilise the banking sector and spark a
vicious circle whereby problems in the financial system can contribute to a downturn in the
real economy that then feeds back on to the banking sector These interactions highlight the
particular importance of the banking sector building up additional capital defences in periods
where the risks of system-wide stress are growing markedly
2 The countercyclical buffer aims to ensure that banking sector capital requirements take account
of the macro-financial environment in which banks operate The primary aim of the
countercyclical capital buffer requirement is to use a buffer of capital to achieve the broader
macroprudential goal of protecting the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit
growth that have often been associated with the build up of system-wide risk Protecting the
banking sector in this context is not simply ensuring that individual banks remain solvent
through a period of stress as the minimum capital requirement and capital conservation buffer
are together designed to fulfill this objective Rather the aim is to ensure that the banking
sector in aggregate has the capital on hand to help maintain the flow of credit in the economy
without its solvency being questioned when the broader financial system experiences stress
after a period of excess credit growth Therefore excess aggregate credit growth is judged to be
associated with a build-up of system-wide risk to ensure the banking system has a buffer of
capital to protect it against future potential losses
3 The countercyclical buffer regime consists of the following elements
a) Nepal Rastra Bank will monitor credit growth and other indicators that may signal a
buildup of system-wide risk and make assessments of whether credit growth is excessive
and is leading to the buildup of system-wide risk Based on this assessment Nepal Rastra
Bank will put in place a countercyclical buffer requirement when circumstances warrant
This requirement will be released when system-wide risk crystallises or dissipates
b) The countercyclical buffer requirement to which a bank is subject will extend the size of
the capital conservation buffer Banks will be subject to restrictions on distributions if they
do not meet the requirement
B Countercyclical buffer requirements
Nepal Rastra Bank has adopted the Credit to GDP ratio macro-economic variable as guide for
reference point for taking buffer decisions Nepal Rastra Bank will monitor Credit to GDP
ratio at least annually and calculate Credit to GDP gap ie the gap between Credit to GDP
ratio and its Trend The intensity of Credit to GDP gap shall be the indication of the extent of
the buildup of system-wide risk ie If the credit-to-GDP ratio is significantly above its trend (ie
there is a large positive gap) then this is an indication that credit may have grown to excessive
levels relative to GDP The Credit to GDP gap shall be calculated as follows
Credit to GDP Gap(t) = Credit to GDP Ratio(t) ndash Trend(t)
The countercyclical buffer requirement will vary between zero and 25 of risk weighted
exposure depending on the extent of the build up of system-wide risk The credit to GDP gap
of 5 points shall be taken as cut off points of excess credit growth level The increase by
additional 25 point of credit to GDP gap in excess of 5 point shall require buffer requirement
of 05 ie each increase in every 25 points in credit to GDP gap in excess of 5 points shall
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require to raise the buffer requirement by each 05 For this purpose trend is defined as
average of credit to GDP ratio of past 5 years The following table shows the countercyclical
buffer requirement in case of excess credit growth
Countercyclical Buffer Requirement
Credit to GDP Gap Buffer Requirement in Terms of CET 1
Up to 5 points 0
above 5 to 75 points 05
above 75 to 10 points 10
above 10 to 125 points 15
above 125 to 15 points 20
above 15 points 25
The banks are required to raise level of the buffer by up to 12 months but shall be allowed to
decrease the level of the buffer with immediate effect The bank not being able to maintain the
countercyclical buffer requirement shall not be allowed to distribute its earnings
27 LEVERAGE RATIO
A Rationale and Objective
One of the underlying features of the crisis was the build-up of excessive on- and off-balance
sheet leverage in the banking system In many cases banks built up excessive leverage while
still showing strong risk based capital ratios During the most severe part of the crisis the
banking sector was forced by the market to reduce its leverage in a manner that amplified
downward pressure on asset prices further exacerbating the positive feedback loop between
losses declines in bank capital and contraction in credit availability Therefore under Basel
III a simple transparent non-risk based leverage ratio has been introduced The leverage ratio
is calibrated to act as a credible supplementary measure to the risk based capital requirements
The leverage ratio is intended to achieve the following objectives
a) constrain the build-up of leverage in the banking sector helping avoid destabilising
deleveraging processes which can damage the broader financial system and the economy
and
b) reinforce the risk based requirements with a simple non-risk based ldquobackstoprdquo measure
B Definition and Calculation of the Leverage Ratio
a) The provisions relating to leverage ratio are intended to serve as the basis for testing the
leverage ratio during the parallel run period Banks are required to maintain minimum Tier
1 leverage ratio of 4 during the parallel run period from Mid July 2016 to mid July
2018 After the parallel run final leverage ratio requirement might be revised by NRB after
taking into account the prescriptions given by the Basel Committee
b) The leverage ratio shall be maintained on a quarterly basis The Leverage Ratio shall be
calculated as
Leverage Ratio = Capital Measure
Exposure Measure
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I Capital Measure
a) The capital measure for the leverage ratio should be based on the definition of Tier 1
capital as set out in paragraph 21
b) Items that are deducted completely from capital do not contribute to leverage and
should therefore also be deducted from the measure of exposure
II Exposure Measure
The exposure measure for the leverage ratio should generally follow the accounting
measure of exposure In order to measure the exposure consistently with financial accounts
the following should be applied by banks
a) On-balance sheet non-derivative exposures will be net of specific provisions and
valuation adjustments to the extent it is recognized on equity (eg fair value
adjustment and revaluation adjustment as per NFRS directly recognized on equity
or through other comprehensive income)
b) physical or financial collateral guarantees or credit risk mitigation purchased is not
allowed to reduce on-balance sheet exposures and
c) netting of loans and deposits is not allowed
Component of Exposure Measure
(i) On-Balance Sheet Items
Banks should include all items of assets reported in their accounting balance sheet for the
purposes of calculation of the leverage ratio In addition the exposure measure should
include the following treatments for Securities Financing Transactions (eg repo and
reverse repo agreements CBLO) and derivatives
(ii) Repurchase agreements and securities finance
Securities Financing Transactions (SFTs) are a form of secured funding and therefore an
important source of balance sheet leverage that should be included in the leverage ratio
Therefore banks should calculate SFT for the purposes of the leverage ratio by applying
(a) the accounting measure of exposure and
(b) without netting various long and short positions with the same counterparty
(iii) Derivatives
Derivatives create two types of exposure an ldquoon-balance sheetrdquo present value reflecting the
fair value of the contract (often zero at outset but subsequently positive or negative
depending on the performance of the contract) and a notional economic exposure
representing the underlying economic interest of the contract Banks should calculate
exposure in respect of derivatives including where a bank sells protection using a credit
derivative for the purposes of the leverage ratio by applying
(a) the accounting measure of exposure (positive Marked to Market (MTM) value) plus an
add-on for Potential Future Exposure (PFE) calculated according to the Current
Exposure Method and
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(b) without netting the MTM values and PFEs in respect of various long and short
positions with the same counterparty
(iv) Other Off-Balance Sheet Items
Banks should calculate the off balance sheet items These include commitments (including
liquidity facilities) unconditionally cancellable commitments direct credit substitutes
acceptances standby letters of credit trade letters of credit failed transactions and
unsettled securities The off balance sheet items are source of the potentially significant
leverage Therefore bank should calculate the above off balance sheet items for the
purposes of the leverage ratio by applying a uniform 100 credit conversion factor (CCF)
3 CREDIT RISK
31 GENERAL
Credit risk is the major risk that banks are exposed to during the normal course of lending and
credit underwriting There are two approaches for credit risk measurement the standardized
approach and the internal ratings based (IRB) approach Due to various inherent constraints of the
Nepalese banking system the standardized approach in its simplified form Simplified Standardized
Approach (SSA) has been prescribed in the initial phase
32 SIMPLIFIED STANDARDIZED APPROACH (SSA)
In comparison to Basel I SSA aligns regulatory capital requirements more closely with the key
elements of banking risk by introducing a wider differentiation of risk weights and a wider
recognition of credit risk mitigation techniques The advantage of implementing this approach is
twofold This approach allows transitional advantage by avoiding excessive complexities associated
with the advanced approaches of Basel II while at the same time it will produce capital ratios more
in line with the actual economic risks that banks are facing compared to the present Accord
Under this approach commercial banks are required to assign a risk weight to their balance sheet
and off-balance sheet exposures These risk weights are based on a fixed weight that is broadly
aligned with the likelihood of a counterparty default As a general rule the claims that have already
been deducted from the core capital shall be exempt from risk weights for the measurement of
credit risk
Claims on foreign government their central banks as well as foreign corporates shall be generally
risk-weighed on the basis of the consensus country risk scores of export credit agencies (ECA)4
Wherever there are claims relating to unrated countries they shall generally be risk weighed at 100
percent However these claims shall be subject to supervisory review and higher risk weight shall
be assigned where the review process is deemed appropriate
All kinds of claims including loans amp advances as well as investments shall be a risk weighed net
of specific provisions and valuation adjustments which are directly or through other
comprehensive income recognized on equity Generally provision related to any receivable or
investment is not defined as general or specific In such a situation the total provision against any
claimexposure (other than the loans and advances) shall be regarded as specific provision
However provisions eligible for the supplementary capital shall not be allowed for netting while
calculating risk weighted exposuresIn case of loans advances and bills purchased the provisions
4 The consensus country risk classification is available on the OECD‟s website (httpwwwoecdorg) in the Export Credit
Arrangement web page of the Trade Directorate Each bank while computing the risk weight in any claim should use the
updated risk score
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created in lieu of Performing loans only are classified as General loan loss provision All other
provisions are components of specific loan loss provision Hence general loan loss provision
doesn‟t comprise provisions created in respect of rescheduledrestructured and non performing
loans It also doesn‟t include additional provisions created for personal guarantee loans or lending
in excess of Single Obligor Limits However provisions created in excess of the regulatory
requirements and not attributable to identifiable losses in any specific loans shall be allowed to be
included in the General Loan Loss Provision
In order to be consistent with the Basel framework the credit risk for the regulatory capital purpose
shall be computed by segregating the exposure in the following 11 categories
a) Claims on government amp central bank
b) Claims on other official entities
c) Claims on banks
d) Claims on corporate amp securities firms
e) Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
f) Claims secured by residential properties
g) Claims secured by commercial real state
h) Past due claims
i) High risk claims
j) Other assets
k) Off balance sheet items
33 RISK MEASUREMENT AND RISK WEIGHTS
a Claims on government amp central bank
1 All claims on Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank shall be risk weighed at 0
2 Claims on foreign government and their central banks shall be risk-weighted on the basis
of the consensus country risk scores as follows
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 4 to 6 7
Risk weights 0 20 50 100 150
b Claims on other official entities
1 Claims on the Bank for International Settlements the International Monetary Fund the
European Central Bank and the European Community will receive a 0 risk weight
2 Following Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) will be eligible for a 0 risk
weight
World Bank Group comprised of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
African Development Bank (AfDB)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
European Investment Bank (EIB)
European Investment Fund (EIF)
Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and
Council of Europe Development Bank (CEDB)
3 The standard risk weight for claims on other Multilateral Development Banks will be
100
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4 Claims on public sector entities (PSEs)5
i Claims on domestic public sector entities
The risk weight for claims on domestic pubic sector entities will be 100
ii Claims on foreign public sector entities will be risk-weighed as per the ECA country
risk scores
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
c Claims on banks
1 All claims irrespective of currency excluding investment in equity shares and other
instruments eligible for capital funds on domestic banksfinancial institutions that
fulfill Capital Adequacy Requirements will be risk weighed at 20 while for the rest it
will be 100
Banks should make use of the publicly available information of the immediately
preceding quarter of the respective banks to gauge their status on capital adequacy
2 Claims on a foreign bank excluding investment in equity shares and other instruments
eligible for capital funds shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk score
subject to the floor of 20 The primary basis for applying the ECA Country Risk
score shall be the country of incorporation of the bank Where the bank is a branch
office the ECA score of the country where the corporate office is located shall be used
while in the case of a subsidiary the basis shall be the country where the subsidiary is
incorporated
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
However the claims on foreign banks incorporated in the SAARC region and China
which operate with a buffer of 1 above their respective regulatory minimum capital
requirements may be risk weighed at 20 The banks shall be responsible to submit
the latest capital adequacy position of such banks and demonstrate that they fulfill the
eligibility requirements Such capital adequacy position submitted by the banks should
not be prior to one financial year Moreover such claims shall be subject to a
supervisory review and supervisors may require the bank to risk-weigh the claims on
ECA country risk scores where the review process is deemed necessary
d Claims on corporate amp securities firms
1 Domestic corporate includes all firms and companies incorporated in Nepal as per
prevailing Acts and regulations The claims on domestic corporate including claims
on insurance companies and securities firm shall be risk weighed as per the credit
rating score provided by licensed credit rating agency subject to the floor of 80 as
follows
5 Public sector entity (PSE) is one which is owned or controlled by government or any other entity categorized as PSE by
NRB
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 29
Credit rating score
equivalent to
AAA
AA+
to
AA-
A+
to
A-
BBB+amp
below Unrated
Risk weights 80 85
90 100 100
2 The claims on foreign corporate shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk
score subject to the floor of 20 as follows
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
e Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
1 Claims6 that qualify all criteria listed below may be considered as regulatory retail
portfolio and risk weighed at 75 except for past due loans Such claims however
have to be in strict compliance with the Product paper developed by the bank and
approved by their respective board of directors
Criteria
Orientation criteria - exposure is to an individual person or persons or to a small
business Bank should obtain written declaration from the borrower to the effect
that their indebtedness is within the threshold across all banks and FIs
Product criteria - The exposure takes the form of any of the following
Revolving credits and lines of credit (including overdraft hypothecation etc)
Term loans and leases (eg hire purchase auto loans and leases student and
educational loans7) and
Small business facilities and commitments
Deprived sector loans up to a threshold of Rs10 million (Ten Million only)
Granularity criteria- NRB must be satisfied that the regulatory retail portfolio is
sufficiently diversified to a degree that reduces the risks in the portfolio warranting
the 75 risk weight No aggregate exposure8 to one counterpart can exceed 05
of the overall regulatory retail portfolio
Low value individual criteria - The total aggregated exposure to one counterpart9
cannot exceed an absolute threshold of Rs10 million (Nepalese Rupees Ten
Million only)
2 Banks which have claims that fulfill all criterion except for granularity may risk weigh
those claims at 100
6 Lending against securities (such as equities and bonds) whether listed or not are specifically excluded from this category
Likewise credit card receivables are excluded from this category However lending against personal guarantee and fully
backed by guaranteed cash flow such as pension etc that has negligible risk of failure can be included in this category 7 Personal finance includes overseas employment loan home loan (to the extent they do not qualify for treatment
as claims secured by residential property) direct deprived sector loan 8 Aggregated exposure means gross amount (ie not taking any credit risk mitigation into account) of all forms of credit
exposures availed from the bank 9 Counterpart refers to one or a group of borrowers defined by the NRB directives as a single obligor
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 30
f Claims secured by residential properties
1 Lending to individuals meant for acquiring or developing residential property which
are fully secured by mortgages on residential property that is or will be occupied by
the borrower or that is rented will be risk-weighted at 60 However banks should
ensure the existence of adequate margin of security over the amount of loan based on
strict valuation rules
Banks have to develop product paper and get it approved from the board of directors to
regulate this kind of lending The claims in order to be eligible for this category have to
be in strict compliance with this product paper
2 Where the loan is not fully secured such claims have to risk weighed at 150
3 When claims secured by residential properties are or have been past due10
at any point
of time during the last two years they shall be risk-weighted at 100 net of specific
provisions
g Claims secured by commercial real estate
1 Claims secured by mortgages on commercial real estate except past due shall be risk-
weighed at 100 Commercial real estate hereby refers to mortgage of Office
buildings retail space multi-purpose commercial premises multi-family residential
buildings multi-tenanted commercial premises industrial or warehouse space hotels
land acquisition development and construction etc
h Past due claims
1 Any loan except for claim secured by residential property which is or has been past
due at any point of time during the last two years will be risk-weighted at 150 net of
specific provision
i High risk claims
1 150 risk weight shall be applied for venture capital and private equity investments
2 Exposures on Personal loan in excess of the threshold of regulatory retail
portfolio and exposures on credit card shall warrant a risk weight of 150
3 Investments in the equity and other capital instruments of institutions which are not
listed in the stock exchange and have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall be
risk weighed at 150 net of provisions and valuation adjustments which are
directly or through other comprehensive income recognized on equity
4 The claims which are not fully secured or are only backed up by personal guarantee
shall attract 150 risk weight
5 Where loan cannot be segregatedor identified as regulatory retail portfolio or
qualifying residential mortgage loan or under other categories it shall be risk weighed
at 150
j Other assets
1 With regard to other assets following provisions have been made
10
An exposure is past due if it falls into any other category other than Performing loan as per provisions of NRB directive on
Loan classification
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 31
a Interest receivableclaim on government securities will be risk-weighed at 0
b Staff loan given as per Employee By-laws and secured by residential property
that is or will be occupied by the staff or that is rented will be risk-weighed at
50 However banks should ensure the existence of adequate margin of security
over the amount of loan based on strict valuation rules
c Investments in equity or regulatory capital instruments issued by securities firms
will be risk-weighed at 100 net of valuation adjustments which are directly or
through other comprehensive income recognized on equity
d Cash in transit and other cash items in the process of collection will be risk-
weighed at 20 For this purpose cash items shall include Cheque and Draft
e Fictitious assets that have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall be risk
weighed at 100
f Investments in the equity and other capital instruments of institutions
which are listed in the stock exchange and have not been deducted from Tier
1 capital shall be risk weighed at 100 net of provisions and valuation
adjustments which are directly or through other comprehensive income
recognized on equity Investments in mutual fund shall also be risk weighted
at 100 net of valuation adjustments as described above
g All Other assets will be risk-weighed at 100 net of specific provision and
valuation adjustments which are directly or through other comprehensive
income recognized on equity
h Lending against securities (bonds and shares) shall attract risk weight of 100
k Off balance sheet items
1 Off-balance sheet items under the simplified standardized approach will be converted
into equivalent risk weight exposure using risk weight as follows
Off Balance Sheet Exposure Risk
Weight
Any commitments those are unconditionally cancelable at any time by the bank
without prior notice or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to
deterioration in a borrower‟s creditworthiness (for example bills under collection)
0
Forward exchange contracts 10
Short Term Trade-related contingencies
Contingent liabilities arising from trade-related obligations which are secured against
an underlying shipment of goods for both issuing and confirming bank and are short
term in nature This includes documentary letters of credit shipping guarantees issued
and any other trade-related contingencies with an original maturity up to six months
20
Undertaking to provide a commitment on an off-balance sheet items 20
Unsettled11
securities and foreign exchange transactions between bank to bank and
between bank and customer
20
11
An unsettled transaction is one where delivery of the instrument is due to take place against receipt of cash but which
remain unsettled five business days after the due settlement date
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 32
Long term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of more
than 1 year
50
Performance-related contingencies
Contingent liabilities which involve an irrevocable obligation to pay a third party in
the event that counterparty fails to fulfill or perform a contractual non-monetary
obligation such as delivery of goods by a specified date etc This includes issue of
performance bonds bid bonds warranties indemnities underwriting commitments and
standby letters of credit in relation to a non-monetary obligation of counterparty under
a particular transaction
40
Long term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of more than 1
year This shall include all unutilized limits in respect of revolving working capital
loans eg overdraft cash credit working capital loan etc except for trade finance
exposures
50
Short term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of upto 1 year
This shall include all unutilized limits in respect of revolving working capital loans eg
overdraft cash credit working capital loan etc except for trade finance exposures
20
Repurchase agreements securities lending securities borrowing reverse repurchase
agreements and equivalent transactions
This includes sale and repurchase agreements and asset sales with recourse where the
credit risk remains with the purchasing bank
100
Direct credit substitutes
Any irrevocable off-balance sheet obligations which carry the same credit risk as a
direct extension of credit such as an undertaking to make a payment to a third party in
the event that a counterparty fails to meet a financial obligation or an undertaking to a
counterparty to acquire a potential claim on another party in the event of default by that
party constitutes a direct credit substitute This includes potential credit exposures
arising from the issue of financial guarantees and credit derivatives confirmation of
letters of credit (acceptances and endorsements) issue of standby letters of credit
serving as financial guarantees for loans securities and any other financial liabilities
and bills endorsed under bill endorsement lines (but which are not accepted by or have
the prior endorsement of another bank)
100
Unpaid portion of partly paid shares and securities 100
Unpaid Guarantee Claim 200
Other Contingent Liabilities 100
34 CREDIT RISK MITIGATION
Banks may use a number of techniques to mitigate the risks to which they are exposed The prime
objective of this provision is to encourage the banks to manage credit risk in a prudent and effective
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 33
manner As such credit risks exposures may be collateralized12
in whole or in part with cash or
securities or a loan exposure may be guaranteed by a third party Where these various techniques
meet the minimum conditions mentioned below banks which take eligible financial collateral are
allowed to reduce their credit exposure to counterparty when calculating their capital requirements
to take account of the risk mitigating effect of the collateral However credit risk mitigation is
allowed only on an account by account basis even within regulatory retail portfolio
As a general rule no secured claim should receive a higher capital requirement than an otherwise
identical claim on which there is no collateral Similarly the effects of the CRM shall not be double
counted and capital requirement will be applied to banks on either side of the collateralized
transaction for example both repos and reverse repos will be subject to capital requirements
Those portions of claims collateralized by the market value of recognized collateral receive the risk
weight applicable to the collateral instrument The remainder of the claim should be assigned the
risk weight appropriate to the counter party
Where the same security has been pledged for both the funded and non funded facilities banks
should clearly demarcate the value of security held for funded and non funded facilities In cases
where the bank has obtained the same security for various forms of facilities banks are eligible to
claim the CRM benefit across all such exposures upto the eligible value of CRM
a Minimum conditions for eligibility
In order to obtain capital relief towards credit risk mitigation there are certain basic
conditions that need to be fulfilled Supervisors will monitor the extent to which banks satisfy
these conditions both at the outset of a collateralized transaction and on an on-going basis
1 Legal certainty- Collateral is effective only if the legal mechanism by which collateral
given is robust and ensures that the lender has clear rights over the collateral to
liquidate or retain it in the event of default Thus banks must take all necessary steps to
fulfill local contractual requirements in respect of the enforceability of security interest
The collateral arrangements must be properly documented with a clear and robust
procedure for the timely liquidation of collateral A banks procedures should ensure
that any legal conditions required for declaring the default of the customer and
liquidating the collateral are observed Where the collateral is held by a custodian the
bank must seek to ensure that the custodian ensures adequate segregation of the
collateral instruments and the custodians own assets Besides that banks must obtain
legal opinions confirming the enforceability of the collateral arrangements in all
relevant jurisdictions
2 Low correlation with exposure- In order for collateral to provide protection the credit
quality of the obligor and the value of the collateral must not have a material positive
correlation For example securities issued by the collateral provider - or by any related
group entity - would provide little protection and so would be ineligible
3 Maturity Mismatch- The maturity of the underlying exposure and the maturity of the
hedge should both be defined conservatively The effective maturity of the underlying
should be gauged as the longest possible remaining time before the obligor is scheduled
to fulfill its obligation The collateral must be pledged for at least the life of the
exposure In case of mismatches in the maturity of the underlying exposure and the
collateral it shall not be eligible for CRM benefits
12
A collateralized transaction is one in which a) banks have a credit exposure or potential credit exposure and b) that credit
exposures or potential credit exposure is hedged in whole or in part by collateral posted by the counter party or by a third
party on behalf of the counter party
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 34
4 Currency Mismatch- Ideally the currency of the underlying exposure and the collateral
should be the same Where the credit exposure is denominated in a currency that differs
from that in which the underlying exposure is denominated there is a currency
mismatch Where mismatches occur it shall be subject to supervisory haircut of 10
5 Risk Management- While CRM reduces credit risk it simultaneously may increase
other risks to which a bank is exposed such as legal operational liquidity and market
risks Therefore it is imperative that banks employ robust procedures and processes to
control these risks including strategy consideration of the underlying credit valuation
policies and procedures systems control of roll-off risks and management of
concentration risk arising from the banks use of CRM techniques and its effect with the
banks overall credit profile In case where these requirements are not fulfilled NRB
may not recognize the benefit of CRM techniques
6 Qualifying criteria for guarantee- A guarantee (counter guarantee) to be eligible must
represent a direct claim on the protection provider and must be explicitly referenced to
specific exposures or a pool of exposures so that the extent of the cover is clearly
defined and irrefutable Other than non-payment by a protection purchaser of money
due in respect of the credit protection contract it must be irrevocable in that there must
be no clause in the contract that would increase the effective cost of cover as a result of
deteriorating credit quality in the hedged exposure It must also be unconditional in that
there should be no clause in the protection contract outside the control of the bank that
could prevent the protection provider from being obliged to pay out in a timely manner
in the event that the original counter party fails to make the payments due
On the qualifying default or non-payment of the counter party the bank may in a
timely manner pursue the guarantor for any monies outstanding under the
documentation governing the transaction The guarantor may make one lump sum
payment of all monies under such documentation to the bank or the guarantor may
assume the future payment obligations of the counter party covered by the guarantee
The bank must have the right to receive any such payments from the guarantor without
first having to take legal actions in order to pursue the counter party payment
b Eligible Collateral
1 Cash deposit (as well as certificates of deposit or fixed deposits or other deposits) with
the bank The banks may only claim these as CRM only if it has specific authority to
recover the amount from this source in case of default
2 Fixed Deposit ReceiptsCertificates of depositsother deposits of other Banks and FIs
who fulfill the capital adequacy requirements subject to a 20 supervisory haircut
3 Gold
4 Securities issued by the Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank
5 Guarantee of the Government of Nepal
6 Financial guaranteecounter guarantee of domestic banks and FIs who meet the
minimum capital adequacy requirements subject to a haircut of 20
7 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by sovereigns
8 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by MDBs in the list specified
in 33 b (3 amp 4)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 35
9 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by banks with ECA rating 2 or
better The supervisory haircut shall be 20 and 50 for the banks with ECA rating of
0-1 and 2 respectively
c Methodology for using CRM
Step 1 Identify the accounts eligible for capital relief under credit risk mitigation
Step 2 Assess the value of the exposure and the eligible collateral
Step 3 Adjust the value of the eligible collateral in respect of the supervisory haircut in
terms of currency mismatch and other eligibility requirements
Step 4 Compare the adjusted value of the collateral with the outstanding exposure
Step 5 The value of the eligible CRM is the lower of the adjusted value of the collateral and
the outstanding exposure
Step 6 Plot the eligible CRM in the appropriate category of credit risk
The sum total of net amount of eligible CRM as per ldquoForm No4 Exhibit of claims with
eligible credit risk mitigantsrdquo shall be consistent with the ldquoForm No3 Eligible Credit Risk
Mitigantsrdquo prescribed in this framework
4 OPERATIONAL RISK
41 GENERAL
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate internal processes people and
systems or from external events Operational risk itself is not a new concept and well run banks
have been addressing it in their internal controls and corporate governance structures However
applying an explicit regulatory capital charge against operational risk is a relatively new and
evolving idea Basel II requires banks to hold capital against the risk of unexpected loss that could
arise from the failure of operational systems
The most important types of operational risk involve breakdowns in internal controls and corporate
governance Such breakdowns can lead to financial losses through error fraud or failure to perform
in a timely manner or cause the interests of the bank to be compromised in some other way for
example by its dealers lending officers or other staff exceeding their authority or conducting
business in an unethical or risky manner Other aspects of operational risk include major failure of
information technology systems or events such as major fires or other disasters
42 BASIC INDICATOR APPROACH
Under the basic indicator approach banks must hold capital for operational risk equal to the
average over the previous three years of a fixed percentage (denoted alpha) of positive annual gross
income
The capital charge for operational risk may be expressed as follows
KBIA = [sum(GI1n N
where
KBIA = capital charge under the Basic Indicator Approach
GI = annual gross income where positive over the previous three years
N = number of the previous three years for which gross income is positive
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α = 15 percent
NRB shall review the capital requirement produced by this approach for general credibility
especially in relation to a banks peers and in the event that credibility is lacking appropriate
supervisory action under Review Process shall be considered
Figures for the year in which annual gross income is negative or zero should be excluded from
both the numerator and denominator while calculating the average In case where the gross income
for all of the last three years is negative 5 of total credit and investments net of specific
provisions shall be considered as the capital charge for operational risk For this purpose
investments shall comprise of money at call placements investment in government securities and
other investments irrespective of currency
Similarly in case of new banks which have not completed a year of operation and whose average
gross income cannot be measured reliably they shall also be required to compute their capital
charge for operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative gross
income These banks may use the gross income approach from the second year onwards But based
on the reasonableness of the so computed capital charge for Operation Risk during the first three
years of operation review process may require additional proportion of capital charge if deemed
necessary
43 GROSS INCOME
Gross income is defined as net Interest Income plus non interest income It is intended that this
measure should
a be gross of any provisions (eg for unpaid interest) and write-offs made during the year
b be gross of operating expenses exclude reversal during the year in respect of provisions and
write-offs made during the previous year(s)
c exclude incomegain recognized from the disposal of items of movable and immovable
property
d exclude realized profitslosses from the sale of securities in the ldquoheld to maturityrdquo category
e exclude other extraordinary or irregular items of income and expenditure
Thus for the purpose of capital adequacy requirements gross income shall be summation of
a Total operating income as disclosed in Profit and Loss account prepared as per NRB directive
no4 The total operating income comprises of
1 Net Interest Income
2 Commission and Discount Income
3 Other Operating Income
4 Exchange Fluctuation Income
b Additiondeduction in the Interest Suspense during the period
Banks shall use the annual audited financials of the last three years for the computation of gross
income under this approach Hence the capital requirement for operational risk for a whole
financial year shall remain constant Until the accounts are finalized for the financial year banks
shall use the provisional figures for the period which should be validated by the internal auditor of
the bank
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44 COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT
Operational risk-weighted assets are determined by multiplying the operational risk capital charge
by 11 and adding together with the risk weighted exposures for credit risk
5 MARKET RISK
51 DEFINITION OF MARKET RISK
Market risk is defined as the risk of losses in on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet positions
arising from adverse movements in market prices The major constituents of market risks are
a The risks pertaining to interest rate related instruments
b Foreign exchange risk (including gold positions) throughout the bank and
c The risks pertaining to investment in equities and commodities
52 SEGREGATION OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
Banks shall recognize measure present and disclose the investment instruments as per the
requirement of NFRSs
53 NET OPEN POSITION APPROACH
Out of the various components of market risk foreign exchange risk is the predominant risk in our
country The effects of other forms of market risk are minimal Thus a net open position approach
has been devised to measure the capital requirement for market risk As evidenced by its name this
approach only addresses the risk of loss arising out of adverse movements in exchange rates This
approach will be consolidated over time to incorporate other forms of market risks as they start to
gain prominence
The designated Net Open Position approach requires banks to allocate a fixed proportion of capital
in terms of its net open position The banks should allocate 5 percentage of their net open positions
as capital charge for market risk
54 NET OPEN POSITION
Net open position is the difference between the assets and the liability in a currency In other words
it is the uncovered volume of asset or liability which is exposed to the changes in the exchange
rates of currencies For capital adequacy requirements the net open position includes both net spot
positions as well as net forward positions
For capital adequacy purposes banks should calculate their net open position in the following
manner
a Calculate the net open position in each of the foreign currencies
b Convert the net open positions in each currency to NPR as per prevalent exchange rates
c Aggregate the converted net open positions of all currencies without paying attention to long
or short positions
d This aggregate shall be the net open position of the bank
55 COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT
Risk-weighted assets in respect of market risk are determined by multiplying the capital charges by
11 and adding together with the risk weighted exposures for credit risk
6 REVIEW PROCESS
61 GENERAL
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The supervisory review process of the framework is intended not only to ensure that banks have
adequate capital to support all the risks in their business but also to encourage banks to develop
and use better risk management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks It is the
responsibility of the bank management in developing an internal capital assessment process and
setting capital targets that are commensurate with the bank‟s risk profile and control environment
beyond the core minimum requirements
Nepal Rastra Bank recognizes the significance of the relationship between the amount of capital
held by the bank against its risks and the strength and effectiveness of the bank‟s risk management
and internal control processes However increased capital should not be viewed as the only option
for addressing increased risks confronting the bank Other means for addressing risk such as
strengthening risk management applying internal limits strengthening the level of provisions and
reserves and improving internal controls must also be considered Furthermore capital should not
be regarded as a substitute for addressing fundamentally inadequate control or risk management
processes
There are three main areas that is particularly suited to treatment under this process risks
considered under minimum capital requirements which are not fully captured it (eg credit
concentration risk) those factors not taken into account by the minimum capital requirements (eg
business and strategic risk) and factors external to the bank (eg business cycle effects)
In order to achieve the objectives of the supervisory review process this process has been broadly
divided into three parts
a Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
b Supervisory Review
c Supervisory Response
62 INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS
The internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) is a comprehensive process which
requires board and senior management oversight monitoring reporting and internal control reviews
at regular intervals to ensure the alignment of regulatory capital requirement with the true risk
profile of the bank and thus ensure long-term safety and soundness of the bank The key
components of an effective ICAAP are discussed below
a Board and senior management oversight
Bank management is responsible for understanding the nature and level of risk being taken by
the bank and how this risk relates to adequate capital levels It is also responsible for ensuring
that the formality and sophistication of the risk management processes is commensurate with
the complexity of its operations A sound risk management process thus is the foundation
for an effective assessment of the adequacy of a bank‟s capital position
The board of directors of the bank are responsible for setting the bank‟s tolerance for risks
The board should also ensure that management establishes a mechanism for assessing various
risks develops a system to relate these risks to the bank‟s capital level and sets up a method
for monitoring compliance with internal policies It is equally important that the board instills
strong internal controls and thereby an effective control environment through adoption of
written policies and procedures and ensures that the policies and procedures are effectively
communicated throughout the bank
The analysis of a bank‟s current and future capital requirements in relation to its strategic
objectives is a vital element of the strategic planning process The strategic plan should
clearly outline the bank‟s capital needs anticipated capital expenditures desirable capital
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level and external capital sources Senior management and the board should view capital
planning as a crucial element in being able to achieve its desired strategic objectives
b Sound capital assessment
Another crucial component of an effective ICAAP is the assessment of capital In order to be
able to make a sound capital assessment the bank should at minimum have the following
Policies and procedures designed to ensure that the bank identifies measures and reports
all material risks
A process that relates capital to the level of risk
A process that states capital adequacy goals with respect to risk taking account of the
bank‟s strategic focus and business plan and
A process of internal control reviews and audit to ensure the integrity of the overall
management process
c Comprehensive assessment of risks
All material risks faced by the bank should be addressed in the capital assessment process
Nepal Rastra Bank recognizes that not all risks can be measured precisely However bank
should develop a process to estimate risks with reasonable certainties In order to make a
comprehensive assessment of risks the process should at minimum address the following
forms of risk
1 Credit risk Banks should have methodologies that enable them to assess the credit risk
involved in exposures to individual borrowers or counterparties as well as at the
portfolio level The credit review assessment of capital adequacy at a minimum
should cover risk rating systems portfolio analysisaggregation large exposures and
risk concentrations
Internal risk ratings are an important tool in monitoring credit risk Internal risk ratings
should be adequate to support the identification and measurement of risk from all credit
exposures and should be integrated into an institution‟s overall analysis of credit risk
and capital adequacy The ratings system should provide detailed ratings for all assets
not only for problem assets
2 Credit concentration risk Risk concentrations are arguably the single most important
cause of major problems in banks A risk concentration is any single exposure or group
of exposures with the potential to produce losses large enough (relative to a bank‟s
capital total assets or overall risk level) to threaten a bank‟s health or ability to
maintain its core operations
Lending being the primary activity of most banks credit risk concentrations are often
the most material risk concentrations within a bank However risk concentrations can
arise in a bank‟s assets liabilities or off-balance sheet items through the execution or
processing of transactions (either product or service) or through a combination of
exposures across these broad categories Credit risk concentrations are based on
common or correlated risk factors which in times of stress have an adverse effect on
the creditworthiness of each of the individual counterparties making up the
concentration
Such credit concentrations are not addressed in the minimum capital requirements for
credit risk Thus banks should have in place effective internal policies systems and
controls to identify measure monitor and control their credit risk concentrations
Banks should explicitly consider the extent of their credit risk concentrations in their
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assessment of capital adequacy under review processes These policies should cover the
different forms of credit risk concentrations to which a bank may be exposed to Such
concentrations include but are not limited to
Significant exposures to an individual counterparty or group of related
counterparty Banks might also establish an aggregate limit for the management
and control of all of its large exposures as a group
Credit exposures to counterparties in the same economic sector or geographic
region
Credit exposures to counterparties whose financial performance is dependent on the
same activity or commodity and
Indirect credit exposures arising from a bank‟s CRM activities (eg exposure to a
similar type of collateral or credit protection provided by a single counterparty or
same collateral in cases of multiple banking)
A bank‟s framework for managing credit risk concentrations should be clearly
documented and should include a definition of the credit risk concentrations relevant to
the bank and how these concentrations and their corresponding limits are calculated
Limits should be defined in relation to a bank‟s capital total assets or where adequate
measures exist its overall risk level A bank‟s management should conduct periodic
stress tests of its major credit risk concentrations and review the results of those tests to
identify and respond to potential changes in market conditions that could adversely
impact the bank‟s performance
3 Operational risk The failure to properly manage operational risk can result in a
misstatement of an institution‟s riskreturn profile and expose the institution to
significant losses Gross income used in the Basic Indicator Approach is only a proxy
for the scale of operational risk exposure of a bank and can in some cases
underestimate the need for capital Thus Banks should develop a framework for
managing operational risk and evaluate the adequacy of capital as prescribed by this
framework The framework should cover the bank‟s appetite and tolerance for
operational risk as specified through the policies for managing this risk including the
extent and manner in which operational risk is transferred outside the bank It should
also include policies outlining the bank‟s approach to identifying assessing monitoring
and controllingmitigating the risk
4 Market risk The prescribed approach for the computation of capital charge for market
risk is very simple and thus may not be directly aligned with the magnitude of risk
Likewise the approach only incorporates risks arising out of adverse movements in
exchange rates while ignoring other forms of risks like interest rate risk and equity
risks Thus banks should develop a framework that addresses these various forms of
risk and at the same time perform stress tests to evaluate the adequacy of capital
The use of internal models by the bank for the measurement of market risk is highly
encouraged Wherever banks make use of internal models for computation of capital
charge for market risks bank management should ensure the adequacy and
completeness of the system regardless of the type and level of complexity of the
measurement system as the quality and reliability of the measurement system is largely
dependent on the quality of the data and various assumptions used in the model
5 Liquidity risk Liquidity is crucial to the ongoing viability of any financial institution
The capital positions can have a telling effect on institution‟s ability to obtain liquidity
especially in a crisis Each bank must have adequate systems for measuring monitoring
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and controlling liquidity risk Banks should evaluate the adequacy of capital given their
own liquidity profile and the liquidity of the markets in which they operate Banks are
also encouraged to make use of stress testing to determine their liquidity needs and the
adequacy of capital
6 Other risks Although the bdquoother‟ risks such as reputational and strategic risk are not
easily measurable banks are expected to take these into consideration as well while
deciding on the level of capital
d Monitoring and reporting
The bank should establish an adequate system for monitoring and reporting risk exposures
and assessing how the bank‟s changing risk profile affects the need for capital The bank‟s
senior management or board of directors should on a regular basis receive reports on the
bank‟s risk profile and capital needs These reports should allow senior management to
Evaluate the level and trend of material risks and their effect on capital levels
Evaluate the sensitivity and reasonableness of key assumptions used in the capital
assessment measurement system
Determine that the bank holds sufficient capital against the various risks and is in
compliance with established capital adequacy goals and
Assess its future capital requirements based on the bank‟s reported risk profile and make
necessary adjustments to the bank‟s strategic plan accordingly
e Internal control review
A bank‟s internal control structure is essential to a sound capital assessment process
Effective control of the capital assessment process includes an independent review and
where appropriate the involvement of internal or external audits The bank‟s board of
directors has a responsibility to ensure that management establishes a system for assessing the
various risks develops a system to relate risk to the bank‟s capital level and establishes a
method for monitoring compliance with internal policies The board should regularly verify
whether its system of internal controls is adequate to ensure well-ordered and prudent
conduct of business
The bank should conduct periodic reviews of its risk management process to ensure its
integrity accuracy and reasonableness Key areas that should be reviewed include
Appropriateness of the bank‟s capital assessment process given the nature scope and
complexity of its activities
Identification of large exposures and risk concentrations
Accuracy and completeness of data inputs into the bank‟s assessment process
Reasonableness and validity of scenarios used in the assessment process and
Stress testing and analysis of assumptions and inputs
63 SUPERVISORY REVIEW
Nepal Rastra Bank shall regularly review the process by which a bank assesses its capital adequacy
risk positions resulting capital levels and quality of capital held by a bank Supervisors shall also
evaluate the degree to which a bank has in place a sound internal process to assess capital
adequacy The emphasis of the review should be on the quality of the bank‟s risk management and
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controls and should not result in supervisors functioning as bank management The periodic review
can involve any or a combination of
On-site examinations or inspections
Off-site review
Discussions with bank management
Review of work done by external auditors (provided it is adequately focused on the necessary
capital issues) and
Periodic reporting
Some of the key areas which will be reviewed during the supervisory review process are discussed
hereunder
a Review of adequacy of risk assessment
NRB shall assess the degree to which internal targets and processes incorporate the full range
of material risks faced by the bank Supervisors shall also review the adequacy of risk
measures used in assessing internal capital adequacy and the extent to which these risk
measures are also used operationally in setting limits evaluating business line performance
and evaluating and controlling risks more generally Supervisors shall consider the results of
sensitivity analyses and stress tests conducted by the institution and how these results relate
to capital plans
b Assessment of capital adequacy
NRB shall review the bank‟s processes to determine that
Target levels of capital chosen are comprehensive and relevant to the current operating
environment
These levels are properly monitored and reviewed by senior management and
The composition of capital is appropriate for the nature and scale of the bank‟s business
NRB shall also consider the extent to which the bank has provided for unexpected events in
setting its capital levels This analysis should cover a wide range of external conditions and
scenarios and the sophistication of techniques and stress tests used should be commensurate
with the bank‟s activities
c Assessment of the control environment
NRB shall consider the quality of the bank‟s management information reporting and systems
the manner in which business risks and activities are aggregated and management‟s record in
responding to emerging or changing risks In all instances the capital level at an individual
bank should be determined according to the bank‟s risk profile and adequacy of its risk
management process and internal controls External factors such as business cycle effects and
the macroeconomic environment should also be considered
d Supervisory review of compliance with minimum standards
In order to obtain relief as per this framework banks are required to observe a number of
requirements including risk management standards and disclosures In particular banks will
be required to disclose features of their internal methodologies used in calculating minimum
capital requirements As part of the supervisory review process supervisors must ensure that
these conditions are being met on an ongoing basis Likewise the supervisors must ensure
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 43
that qualifying criteria as specified in the framework are continuously being met as these
criteria are developed as benchmarks that are aligned with bank management expectations for
effective risk management and capital allocation
e Significance of risk transfer
Securitization or credit sale agreements with recourse may be carried out for purposes other
than credit risk transfer (eg funding) Where this is the case there might still be a limited
transfer of credit risk However for an originating bank to achieve reductions in capital
requirements the risk transfer arising from a securitization or credit sale has to be deemed
significant by the NRB If the risk transfer is considered to be insufficient or non existent
NRB can require the application of a higher capital requirement or alternatively may deny a
bank from obtaining any capital relief from the securitization or transfer agreements
Therefore the capital relief that can be achieved will correspond to the amount of credit risk
that is effectively transferred
f Credit Risk Mitigants
In case when the eligibility requirements are not fulfilled NRB will not consider Credit Risk
Mitigants in allocating capital Similarly CRM may give rise to residual risks which may
render the overall risk reduction less effective Where these risks are not adequately
controlled by the bank NRB may impose additional capital charges or take other appropriate
supervisory actions
g Operational risk and Market Risk
The framework prescribes simple approaches for allocating capital for operational and market
risk which may not be directly aligned with the volume and complexity of risk Thus the
supervisor shall consider whether the capital requirements generated by the prescribed
approaches gives a consistent picture of the individual banks risk exposure in comparison
with the peer group and the banking industry at large Where NRB is convinced such is not
the case appropriate supervisory response is warranted
h Market Discipline
The framework requires banks to disclose various key informations about their business on a
periodic basis It is imperative that the banks discharge their obligations under the disclosure
requirements in order to be eligible to claim benefits of CRM In line with the utmost
significance of this requirement the supervisor shall review the adequacy of the disclosures
As a part of this process itself the supervisor shall regularly review the website of the banks
and review the contents of the site Wherever the review process identifies any shortcomings
or non-compliances appropriate supervisory response shall be initiated
64 SUPERVISORY RESPONSE
Nepal Rastra Bank expects banks to operate above the minimum regulatory capital ratios
Wherever NRB is not convinced about the risk management practices and the control environment
it has the authority to require banks to hold capital in excess of the minimum
a Supervisory adjustments in risk weighted assets and capital
Having carried out the review process as described above supervisors should take
appropriate action if they are not satisfied with the results of the bank‟s own risk assessment
and capital allocation In such a scenario NRB shall be empowered to undertake any or
combination of the following adjustments in the banks risk weighted assets and regulatory
capital computations
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 44
1 Shortfall in provisions made by the bank against adversely classified assets shall be
deducted from the Tier 1 capital
2 The loans and facilities extended to Directors Employees (other than loans given under
Employee rules) Shareholders holding more than 1 percent shares and related parties
as well as loans advances and facilities restricted by the prevailing rules and
regulations shall be deducted from Tier 1 capital
3 In case the bank has provided loans and facilities in excess of its Single Obligor Limits
10 of all such excess exposures shall be added to the risk weighted exposure for
credit risk
4 Where the bank has been involved in the sale of credit with recourse facility 1 of the
contract (sale) value shall be added to the risk weight for credit risk
5 Where the banks do not have satisfactory Assets Liability Management policies and
practices to effectively manage the market risks an additional risk weight of 1 of Net
Interest Income of the immediate previous financial year shall be added to the risk
weight for market risk
Where the Net Interest Income of the immediate previous financial year is
negative 1 of the total credit and investments net of specific provisions shall be
the capital charge for unsatisfactory ALM policies and practices
6 Where the banks net liquid asset to total deposit ratio is less than 20 a risk weight of
1 (as given in the table below) of total deposit for each percent or portion of percent
shortfall in such ratio is added to total of the Risk Weighted Exposures
Net liquid asset to total deposit
ratio
A risk weight to be added to the Risk Weighted
Exposures
19 - less than 20 1 of total deposit
18 - less than 19 2 of total deposit
17 - less than 18 3 of total deposit
16 - less than 17 4 of total deposit
15 - less than 16 5 of total deposit and so on
For this purpose liquid assets include cash and bank balances money at call amp short
notice placement up to 90 days and investment in government securities Borrowings
repayable up to 90 days is deducted from liquid assets to obtain net liquid assets
7 Where the banks do not adopt sound practices for the management of operational risk
an additional capital charge of 2 to 5 of Gross Income of Immediate previous
financial year shall be levied for operational risks However for FY 207778 such
capital charge shall be 2 to 3
8 Where the Gross Income determined for computation of capital charge of Operational
Risk for all of the last three years is negative and where the banks themselves have not
addressed the capital charge for operational risk 5 of the total credit and investments
net of specific provisions shall be the capital charge for operational risk
New banks who have not completed a year of operation and hence whose gross income
cannot be measured reliably and where the banks themselves have not addressed the
capital charge for operational risk shall also be required to compute their capital charge
for operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative gross
income These banks may use the gross income approach from the second year
onwards But based on the reasonableness of the so- computed capital charge for
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 45
Operation Risk during the first three years of operation review process may require
additional proportion of capital charge
9 During the course of review where the supervisor is not satisfied with the overall risk
management policies and procedures of the bank the total risk weighted exposures of
the bank shall be increased up to 5 However for FY 207778 such increment shall
be upto 3
10 In case the bank has not achieved the desired level of disclosure requirements the total
risk weighted exposures of the bank shall be increased up to 3 However for FY
207778 such increment shall be upto 1
11 Banks that do not meet the eligibility requirements to claim the benefit under credit risk
mitigation techniques shall not be allowed the benefit of CRM
b Corrective Actions for Non-Compliances
1 The failure on part of the banks to meet the provisions of this framework shall be
considered as a violation of the NRB directives and shall attract stipulated actions The
nature of the enforcement action largely depends on degree of the capital adequacy of
the bank The trigger points and the prescribed action in case of non-compliance shall
be as per the provisions of Prompt Corrective Action Byelaw 2074 propounded by
Nepal Rastra Bank
7 DISCLOSURE
71 GENERAL
The purpose of disclosure requirements is to complement the minimum capital requirements and
the review process by developing a set of disclosure requirements which will allow market
participants to assess key pieces of information on the scope of application capital risk exposures
risk assessment processes and hence the capital adequacy of the bank It is believed that providing
disclosures that are based on a common framework is an effective means of informing the market
about a bank‟s exposure to those risks and provides a consistent and comprehensive disclosure
framework that enhances comparability The importance of disclosure is more pronounced in cases
of banks that rely on internal methodologies in assessing capital requirements
72 DISCLOSURE PRINCIPLES
Banks should have a formal disclosure policy approved by the Board of directors that addresses the
bank‟s approach for determining what disclosures it will make and the internal controls over the
disclosure process In addition banks should implement a process for assessing the appropriateness
of their disclosures including validation and frequency While deciding on the disclosure policy
the board should pay due attention to strike a balance between materiality and proprietary and
confidential information
a Materiality
Besides the minimum prescribed disclosure requirements a bank should decide which
additional disclosures are relevant for it based on the materiality concept Information would
be regarded as material if its omission or misstatement could change or influence the
assessment or decision of a user relying on that information for the purpose of making
economic decisions
b Proprietary and confidential information
Proprietary information encompasses information (for example on products or systems) that
if shared with competitors would render a bank‟s investment in these productssystems less
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valuable and hence would undermine its competitive position Information about customers
is often confidential in that it is provided under the terms of a legal agreement or
counterparty relationship This has an impact on what banks should reveal in terms of
information about their customer base as well as details on their internal arrangements for
instance methodologies used parameter estimates data etc The disclosure requirements set
out below by NRB aims to strike an appropriate balance between the need for meaningful
disclosure and the protection of proprietary and confidential information
73 VALIDATION
The disclosures of the bank should be subjected to adequate validation In addition supplementary
material (such as Management‟s Discussion and Analysis) that is published should also be
subjected to sufficient scrutiny (eg internal control assessments etc) to satisfy the validation
issue If material is not published under a validation regime for instance in a stand alone report or
as a section on a website then management should ensure that appropriate verification of the
information takes place in accordance with the general disclosure principles
74 DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS
Banks should at minimum disclose the following information at the stipulated time intervals At
the same time banks shall be free to disclose any other information they consider important for its
stakeholders as and when they consider necessary beyond the prescribed requirements
a Banks should provide the following disclosures as at the end of each financial year along with
the annual financial statements
1 Capital structure and capital adequacy
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount maturity amount raised during the year and amount eligible to
be reckoned as capital funds
o Deductions from capital
o Total qualifying capital
o Capital adequacy ratio
o Summary of the bank‟s internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to
support current and future activities if applicable and
o Summary of the terms conditions and main features of all capital instruments
especially in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments
2 Risk exposures
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk Market Risk and Operational Risk
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
RestructureReschedule Loan
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
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Loss Loan
o NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o Movement of Non Performing Assets
o Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
o Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o Details of additional Loan Loss Provisions
o Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading Held to maturity and
Available for sale category
3 Risk Management Function
o For each separate risk area (Credit Market and Operational risk) banks must
describe their risk management objectives and policies including
Strategies and processes
The structure and organization of the relevant risk management function
The scope and nature of risk reporting andor measurement systems and
Policies for hedging andor mitigating risk and strategies and processes for
monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedgesmitigants
o Types of eligible credit risk mitigants used and the benefits availed under CRM
b All commercial banks should make following disclosures on a quarterly basis on their
respective websites
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount maturity amount raised during the year and amount eligible to be
reckoned as capital funds
o Deductions from capital
o Total qualifying capital
o Capital adequacy ratio
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk Market Risk and Operational Risk
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
RestructureReschedule Loan
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
Loss Loan
o NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o Movement of Non Performing Assets
o Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
o Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o Details of Additional Loan Loss Provisions
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 48
o Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading Held to maturity and Available
for sale category
o Summary of the bank‟s internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to support
current and future activities if applicable and
o Summary of the terms conditions and main features of all capital instruments especially
in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments
c Disclosure requirements under this framework should also be published in the respective
websites of the banks Such disclosures of the banks should also be updated to reflect the
capital adequacy position of the banks after the supervisory adjustments under the review
process Banks that do not host a website yet are required to make the necessary
arrangements to host a website immediately
d Banks are required to report to NRB their capital adequacy computations according to the
format as specified in Annexure of this framework on a monthly basis within one month after
the end of the month or as required by NRB from time to time All such returns has to be
validated by the internal auditor of the bank If the monthly internal audit couldnot be carried
out it should be disclosed on the monthly returns But such returns at the end of the quarter
must be submitted with the validation from the internal auditor of the bank
Besides the returns specified above a bank must inform NRB within 30 days of
1 Any breach of the minimum capital adequacy requirements set out in this framework
together with an explanation of the reasons for the breach and the remedial measures it
has taken to address those breaches
2 Any concerns it has about its capital adequacy along with proposed measures to address
these concerns
e Full compliance of these disclosure requirements is a pre-requisite before banks can obtain
any capital relief (ie adjustments in the risk weights of collateralized or guaranteed
exposures) in respect of any credit risk mitigation techniques
FORM NO 1 CAPITAL ADEQUACY TABLE (Summary)
(RsIn hellip)
Particulars Current Period Previous Period
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
Tier 1 Capital
Tier 2 Capital
Total Capital
Risk-Weighted Exposures
Regulatory Ratios Current Period Previous Period
Leverage Ratio
Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk Weighted Exposure Ratio
Tier 1 to Risk Weighted Exposure Ratio
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Exposure Ratio
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 49
FORM NO 1A CAPITAL ADEQUACY TABLE
(RsIn hellip)
1 1 Risk Weighted Exposures Current Period Previous Period
a Risk Weighted Exposure for Credit Risk
b Risk Weighted Exposure for Operational Risk
c Risk Weighted Exposure for Market Risk
Adjustments under Pillar II
Add 3 of the total RWE due to non compliance to Disclosure
Requirement (64 a 10)
Add hellip of the total deposit due to insufficient Liquid
Assets(64 a 6)
Total Risk Weighted Exposures (After Banks adjustments of Pillar II)
12 CAPITAL Current Period Previous Period
Tier 1 Capital (Core Capital) (CET1 +AT1) 0 0
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) 0 0
a Paid up Equity Share Capital
b Equity Share Premium
c Proposed Bonus Equity Shares
d Statutory General Reserves
e Retained Earnings
f Un-audited current year cumulative profit(Loss)
g Capital Redemption Reserve
h Capital Adjustment Reserve
i Dividend Equalization Reserves
j Bargain purchase gain
k Other Free Reserve
l Less Goodwill
m Less Intangible Assets
n Less Deferred Tax Assets
o Less Fictitious Assets
p Less Investment in equity in licensed Financial Institutions
q Less Investment in equity of institutions with financial interests
r Less Investment in equity of institutions in excess of limits
s Less Investments arising out of underwriting commitments
t Less Reciprocal crossholdings
u
Less Purchase of land amp building in excess of limit amp
unutilized
v Less Cash Flow Hedge
w Less Defined Benefit Pension Assets
x Less Un recognized Defined Benefit Pension Liabilities
y Less Negative balance of reserve accounts
z Less Other Deductions
Adjustments under Pillar II
Less Shortfall in Provision (64 a 1)
Less Loans and Facilities extended to Related Parties and
Restricted lending (64 a 2)
Additional Tier 1 (AT1)
a Perpetual Non Cumulative Preference Share Capital
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 50
b Perpetual Debt Instruments
c Stock Premium
Supplementary Capital (Tier II) 0 0
a Cumulative andor Redeemable Preference Share
b Subordinated Term Debt
c Hybrid Capital Instruments
d Stock Premium
e General loan loss provision
f Exchange Equalization Reserve
g Investment Adjustment Reserve
h Assets Revaluation Reserve
i Other Reserves
Total Capital Fund (Tier I and Tier II) 0 0
13 CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIOS Current Period Previous Period
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Total Risk Weighted Exposures
(After Banks adjustments of Pillar II)
Tier 1 Capital to Total Risk Weighted Exposures (After Banks
adjustments of Pillar II)
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital to Total Risk Weighted Exposures(After
Banks adjustments of Pillar II)
FORM NO 2 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR CREDIT RISK
(RsIn hellip)
A Balance Sheet Exposures
Book
Value
Specific
Provision
amp
Valuation
Adjustme
nt
Eligible
CRM Net Value
Risk
Weight
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
a b c d=a-b-c e f=de
Cash Balance 0 0 0 0 0 Balance With Nepal Rastra Bank 0 0 0 0 0 Gold 0 0 0 0 0
Investment in Nepalese Government
Securities 0 0 0 0 0
All Claims on Government of Nepal 0 0 0 0 0
Investment in Nepal Rastra Bank securities 0 0 0 0 0
All claims on Nepal Rastra Bank 0 0 0 0 0
Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA 0-1) 0 0 0 0 0
Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -2) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -3) 0 0 0 0 50 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 51
Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA-4-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Claims On BIS IMF ECB EC and on
Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)
recognized by the framework
0 0 0 0 0
Claims on Other Multilateral Development
Banks 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Domestic Public Sector Entity 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Claims on domestic banks that meet capital
adequacy requirements 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on domestic banks that do not meet
capital adequacy requirements 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Claims on foreign bank incorporated in
SAARC region and China operating with a
buffer of 1 above their respective
regulatory capital requirement
0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate (Credit rating
Score equivalent to AAA) 0 0 0 0 80 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to AA+ to AA- ) 0 0 0 0 85 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to A+ to A- ) 0 0 0 0 90 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to BBB+ amp below)
0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate (Unrated) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Regulatory Retail Portfolio (Not Overdue) 0 0 0 0 75 0
Claims fulfilling all criterion of regulatory
retail except granularity 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims secured by residential properties 0 0 0 0 60 0
Claims not fully secured by residential
properties 0 0 0 0 150 0
Claims secured by residential properties
(Overdue) 0 0 0 0 100 0
Claims secured by Commercial real estate 0 0 0 0 100 0
Past due claims (except for claim secured by
residential properties) 0 0 0 0 150 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 52
High Risk claims 0 0 0 0 150 0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions listed in the stock
exchange
0 0 0 0 100 0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions not listed in the
stock exchange
0 0 0 0 150 0
Staff loan secured by residential property 0 0 0 0 50 0
Interest Receivableclaim on government
securities 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash in transit and other cash items in the
process of collection 0 0 0 0 20 0
Other Assets (as per attachment) 0 0 0 0 100 0
TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0
B Off Balance Sheet Exposures
Gross
Book
Value
Specific
Provision
Eligible
CRM Net Value
Risk
Weight
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
a b c d=a-b-c e f=de
Revocable Commitments 0 0 0 0 0
Bills Under Collection 0 0 0 0 0
Forward Exchange Contract Liabilities 0 0 0 0 10 0
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Upto 6 months 0 0 0 0 20 0
domestic counterparty
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Over 6 months 0 0 0 0 50 0
domestic counterparty
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Bid Bond Performance Bond and Counter
guarantee 0 0 0 0 40 0
domestic counterparty
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150 0
Underwriting commitments 0 0 0 0 50 0
Lending of Banks Securities or Posting of
Securities as collateral 0 0 0 0 100 0
Repurchase Agreements Assets sale with
recourse 0 0 0 0 100 0
Advance Payment Guarantee 0 0 0 0 100 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 53
Financial Guarantee 0 0 0 0 100 0
Acceptances and Endorsements 0 0 0 0 100 0
Unpaid portion of Partly paid shares and
Securities 0 0 0 0 100 0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (short term) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (long term) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on foreign bank incorporated in
SAARC region operating with a buffer of
1 above their respective regulatory capital
requirement
0 0 0 0 20 0
Other Contingent Liabilities 0 0 0 0 100 0
Unpaid Guarantee Claims 0 0 0 0 200 0
TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0
Total RWE for credit Risk Before
Adjustment (A) +(B) 0 0 0 0 0
Adjustments under Pillar II
Add 10 of the loan and facilities in excess
of Single Obligor Limits(64 a 3) 0
Add 1 of the contract(sale) value in case
of the sale of credit with recourse (64 a
4)
Total RWE for credit Risk (After Banks
adjustments of Pillar II)
FORM NO3 ELIGIBLE CREDIT RISK MITIGANTS
Credit exposures Deposits
with Bank
Deposits
with
other
banksFI
Gold Govt
amp
NRB
Securit
ies
Gtee
of
Govt
of
Nepal
Sec
Gtee of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domest
ic
banks
Gtee
of
MD
Bs
Sec
Gtee of
Foreign
Banks
Total
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Balance Sheet Exposures
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -2)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -3)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA-4-6)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -7)
0
Claims on Other Multilateral Development
Banks
0
Claims on Domestic Public Sector
Entity
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 0-1) 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 2) 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 3-6) 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 7) 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 54
Credit exposures Deposits
with Bank
Deposits
with
other
banksFI
Gold Govt
amp
NRB
Securit
ies
Gtee
of
Govt
of
Nepal
Sec
Gtee of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domest
ic
banks
Gtee
of
MD
Bs
Sec
Gtee of
Foreign
Banks
Total
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Claims on domestic banks that meet
capital adequacy requirements
0
Claims on domestic banks that do not meet
capital adequacy requirements
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 0-1) 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 2) 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 3-6) 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 7) 0
Claims on foreign bank incorporated in
SAARC region and China operating with
a buffer of 1 above their respective
regulatory capital requirement
Claims on Domestic Corporates 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 0-1) 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 2) 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 3-6) 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 7) 0
Regulatory Retail Portfolio (Not Overdue) 0
Claims fulfilling all criterion of regulatory
retail except granularity
0
Claims secured by residential properties 0
Claims not fully secured by residential
properties
0
Claims secured by residential properties
(Overdue)
0
Claims secured by Commercial real estate 0
Past due claims (except for claim secured
by residential properties)
0
High Risk claims 0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions listed in the
stock exchange
0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions not listed in the
stock exchange
0
Other Assets (as per attachment)
Total 0
Off Balance Sheet Exposures
Forward Exchange Contract Liabilities
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Upto 6 months
domestic counterparty
0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-
1)
0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 55
Credit exposures Deposits
with Bank
Deposits
with
other
banksFI
Gold Govt
amp
NRB
Securit
ies
Gtee
of
Govt
of
Nepal
Sec
Gtee of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domest
ic
banks
Gtee
of
MD
Bs
Sec
Gtee of
Foreign
Banks
Total
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Over 6 months
domestic counterparty
0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0
Bid Bond Performance Bond and Counter
guarantee
domestic counterparty
0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0
foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0
Underwriting commitments 0
Lending of Banks Securities or Posting of
Securities as collateral
0
Repurchase Agreements Assets sale with
recourse
0
Advance Payment Guarantee 0
Financial Guarantee 0
Acceptances and Endorsements 0
Unpaid portion of Partly paid shares and
Securities
0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (Short
Term)
0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (Long
Term)
Other Contingent Liabilities 0
Total
Grand Total
FORM NO4 EXHIBIT OF CLAIMS WITH CREDIT RISK MITIGANTS
(RsIn helliphelliphelliphelliphellip)
SN Counterparty Category Facility Outstanding Eligible CRM
Nature Gross
Amount
Haircut Net
Amount
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 56
FORM NO5 OTHER ASSETS
SNo Assets Gross Amount Specific
Provision amp
Valuation
Adjustment
Net
Balance
1 Fixed Assets 0
2 Interest Receivable on Other Investment 0
3 Interest Receivable on Loan 0
4 Non Banking Assets 0
5 Reconciliation Account 0
6 Draft Paid Without Notice 0
7 Sundry Debtors 0
8 Advance payment and Deposits 0
9 Staff Loan and Advance 0
10 Stationery 0
11 Other 0
TOTAL 0 0 0
FORM NO 6 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR OPERATIONAL RISK
Particulars FY FY FY
Net Interest Income
Commission and Discount Income
Other Operating Income
Exchange Fluctuation Income
AdditionDeduction in Interest Suspense during the period
Gross income (a)
Alfa (b) 15 15 15
Fixed Percentage of Gross Income [c=(atimesb)]
Capital Requirement for operational risk (d) (average of c)
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 11) in
times (e) 909
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [f=(dtimese)]
PILLAR-II ADJUSTMENTS
If Gross Income for all the last three years is negative(64 a 8)
Total Credit and Investment (net of Specific Provision)
Capital Requirement for operational risk (5)
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 11) in
times 909
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [g]
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [h=f or g)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 57
FORM NO7 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR MARKET RISK
SNo Currency Open Position (FCY) Open Position (NPR) Relevant Open Position
1 INR
2 USD
3 GBP
4 EURO
5 THB
6 CHF
7
8
9
Total Open Position (a)
Fixed Percentage (b) 5
Capital Charge for Market Risk [c=(atimesb)]
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 11) in times (d) 909
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [e=(ctimesd)]
FORM NO 8 NET LIQUID ASSETS TO TOTAL DEPOSIT RATIO
(Rs In hellip)
Particulars Amount
Total Deposit and Borrowing (A)
Total Deposit(as per NRB NiFa 91)
Total Borrowing(as per NRB NiFa 91)
Liquid Assets (B)
Cash(91)
Bank Balance(91)
Money at call and short notice (91)
Investment in government Securities(91)
Placement upto 90 days
Borrowings payable upto 90 days ( C )
Net Liquid Assets (D)=(B-C)
Net Liquid Assets to Total Deposit
Shortfall in Ratio
Amount to be added to Risk Weighted Exposures
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 58
FORM NO 9 Leverage Ratio
(RsIn hellip)
Particulars Amount
A Exposure Measure -
1 On balance sheet Assets(net of specific provisioning and valuation
adjustment)
2 Repurchase agreements and securities finance
3 Derivatives
4 Off balance sheet exposure
B Capital Measure -
1 Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (After regulatory Adjustment)
2 Additional Tier 1 Capital
C Leverage Ratio
Note (if any)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 59
cgrL g+= =
Capital Adequacy Framework
2007
(Updated July 2008)
1 INTRODUCTION
11 BACKGROUND
Prior to 1988 there was no uniform international regulatory standard for setting bank capital
requirements In 1988 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS)13
developed the
Capital Accord which is known as Basel I to align the capital adequacy requirements applicable
especially to banks in G-10 countries Basel I introduced two key concepts First it defined what
banks could hold as capital as well as designating capital as Tier 1 or Tier 2 according to its loss-
absorbing or creditor-protecting characteristics The second key concept introduced in Basel I was
that capital should be held by banks in relation to the risks that they face The major risks faced by
banks relate to the assets held on balance sheet Thus Basel I calculated banks‟ minimum capital
requirements as a percentage of assets which are adjusted in accordance to their riskiness and
assigning risk weights to assets Higher weights are assigned to riskier assets such as corporate
loans and lower weights are assigned to less risky assets such as exposures to government
The BCBS released the International Convergence of Capital Measurements and Capital
Standards Revised Framework popularly known as Basel II on June 26 2004 This framework
was updated in November 2005 and a comprehensive version of the framework was issued in June
2006 Basel II builds significantly on Basel I by increasing the sensitivity of capital to key bank
risks In addition Basel II recognizes that banks can face a multitude of risks ranging from the
traditional risks associated with financial intermediation to the day-to-day risks of operating a
business as well as the risks associated with the ups and downs of the local and international
economies As a result the new framework more explicitly associates capital requirements with the
particular categories of major risks that banks face
The new capital framework also recognizes that large usually internationally active banks have
already put in place sophisticated approaches to risk measurement and management based on
statistical inference rather than judgement alone Thus the framework allows banks under certain
conditions to use their own bdquointernal‟ models and techniques to measure the key risks that they
face the probability of loss and the capital required to meet those losses In developing the new
framework the Basel Committee wanted to incorporate many elements that help promote a sound
and efficient financial system over and above the setting of minimum capital requirements With
this in mind the Basel II framework incorporates three complementary bdquopillars‟ that draw on the
range of approaches to help ensure that banks are adequately capitalised in commensurate with their
risk profile
The Basel Committees on Banking Supervisions (BCBS) recommendations on capital accord are
important guiding framework for the regulatory capital requirement to the banking industry all over
the world and Nepal is no exception Realizing the significance of capital for ensuring the safety
13
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established
by the central bank governors of the Group of Ten countries in 1975 It consists of senior representatives of bank supervisory
authorities and central banks from Belgium Canada France Germany Italy Japan Luxembourg the Netherlands Spain
Sweden Switzerland the United Kingdom and the United States It usually meets at the Bank for International Settlements in
Basel Switzerland where its permanent Secretariat is located
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 60
and soundness of the banks and the banking system at large Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has
developed and enforced capital adequacy requirement based on international practices with
appropriate level of customization based on domestic state of market developments The existing
regulatory capital is largely based on the Basel committees 1988 recommendations
With a view of adopting the international best practices NRB expressed its intention to adopt the
Basel II framework albeit in a simplified form In line with international development and
thorough discussion with the stakeholders evaluation and assessment of impact studies at various
phases this framework has been drafted This framework provides the guidelines for the
implementation of Basel II framework in Nepal Reminiscent of the International convergence of
capital measurements and capital standards this framework also builds around three mutually
reinforcing pillars viz minimum capital requirements supervisory review process and disclosure
requirements
12 OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this framework is to develop a safe and sound financial system by way of
sufficient amount of qualitative capital and risk management practices This framework is intended
to ensure that each financial institution maintains a level of capital which
(i) is adequate to protect its depositors and creditors
(ii) is commensurate with the risk associated activities and profile of the financial institution
(iii) promotes public confidence in the banking system
13 PRE-REQUISITES
The effective implementation of this framework is dependent on various factors Some such pre-
requisites are
(i) Implementation of Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision
(ii) Adoption of the sound practices for the management of Operational Risk
(iii) Formulation and adoption of comprehensive risk management policy
(iv) Adherence to high degree of corporate governance
14 RESPONSIBILITY
The board of directors of each financial institution shall be responsible for establishing and
maintaining at all times an adequate level of capital The capital standards herein are the minimum
that is acceptable for financial institutions that are fundamentally sound well managed and which
have no material financial or operational weaknesses Thus the financial institutions are generally
expected to operate above the limits prescribed by this framework
15 SCOPE OF APPLICATION
This framework shall be applicable to all B Class national level financial institutions licensed to
conduct banking business in Nepal under the Bank and Financial Institution Act 2073
This capital adequacy framework shall be applied uniformly to all national level B class financial
institutions on a stand-alone basis as well as on a consolidated basis where the financial institution
is member of a consolidated banking group For the purpose of capital adequacy the consolidated
financial institution means a group of financial entities parent or holding company of which a
financial institution is a subsidiary All banking and other relevant financial activities (both
regulated and unregulated) conducted within a group including a financial institution shall be
captured through consolidation Thus majority owned or controlled financial entities should be
fully consolidated If any majority owned subsidiary institutions are not consolidated for capital
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 61
purposes all equity and other regulatory capital investments in those entities attributable to the
group will be deducted except otherwise prescribed and the assets and liabilities as well as third
party capital investments in the subsidiary will be removed from the bank‟s balance sheet for
capital adequacy purposes
16 APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTATION
International Convergence for Capital Measurements and Capital Standards Revised Framework
alias Basel II under Pillar 1 provides three distinct approaches for computing capital requirements
for credit risk and three other approaches for computing capital requirements for operational risk
These approaches for credit and operational risks are based on increasing risk sensitivity and allow
financial institutions to select an approach that is most appropriate for the stage of development of
financial institutions operations
The products and services offered by the Nepalese Banks and financial institutions are still largely
conventional in comparison to other economies This coupled with the various inherent limitations
of our system like the absence of credit rating agencies makes the advanced approaches like
Internal Ratings Based Approach or even Standardized Approach impractical and unfeasible Thus
at this juncture this framework prescribes Simplified Standardized Approach (SSA) to measure
credit risk while Basic Indicator Approach and an indigenous Net Open Position Approach for
measurement of Operational Risk and Market Risk respectively
17 EFFECTIVE DATE
All financial institutions within the scope of this framework should adopt the prescribed approaches
by Mid July 2016 (Fiscal Year 2073074)
18 PARALLEL RUN
In order to ensure a smooth transition to new approaches prescribed by this framework a parallel
run was arranged for all national level B Class financial institutions after Mid-July 2010 ie from
fiscal year 206768 along with the existing framework The returns submitted by the financial
institutions during this period were minutely reviewed to identify any anomalies The identified
shortcomings on the returns was advised to the financial institutions management so that they could
be rectified before moving onto full fledged implementation Based on the findings of the parallel
run amendments and modifications have been incorporated in the framework wherever deemed
necessary
19 IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED APPROACHES
This framework prescribes the most simplest of the available approaches at the initial phase with a
vision to move onto more complex and risk sensitive approaches as the market gradually gains
maturity However financial institutions willing to adopt advanced approaches even for internal
purposes should obtain prior written approval from Nepal Rastra Bank on providing evidences that
they have the resource and the capability to adopt the proposed approaches
A financial institution will not be allowed to choose to revert to a simpler approach once it has been
approved for a more advanced approach without supervisory approval However if the supervisor
determines that a financial institution using a more advanced approach no longer meets the
qualifying criteria for advanced approach it may allow the financial institution to revert to a
simpler approach for some or all of its operations until it meets the conditions specified by the
supervisor for returning to a more advanced approach
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2 ELIGIBLE CAPITAL FUNDS
21 DEFINITION OF CAPITAL
Qualifying capital consists of Tier 1 (core) capital and Tier 2 (supplementary) capital elements net
of required deductions from capital Thus for the purpose of calculation of regulatory capital
financial institutions are required to classify their capital into two parts as follows
a Core Capital (Tier 1)
The key element of capital on which the main emphasis should be placed is Tier 1 (core)
capital which is comprised of equity capital and disclosed reserves This key element of
capital is the basis on which most market judgments of capital adequacy are made and has a
crucial bearing on profit margins and a financial institutions ability to compete
The BCBS has therefore concluded that capital for supervisory purposes should be defined
in two tiers in a way which will have the effect of requiring at least 50 of a financial
institution s capital base to consist of a core element comprised of equity capital and
published reserves from post-tax retained earnings
In order to rank as Tier 1 capital must be fully paid up have no fixed servicing or dividend
costs attached to it and be freely available to absorb losses ahead of general creditors Capital
also needs to have a very high degree of permanence if it is to be treated as Tier 1
b Supplementary Capital (Tier 2)
Supplementary (Tier 2) Capital includes reserves which though unpublished have been
passed through the profit and loss account and all other capital instruments eligible and
acceptable for capital purposes Elements of the Tier 2 capital will be reckoned as capital
funds up to a maximum of 100 percent of Tier 1 capital arrived at after making adjustments
referred to in 24 In a case where Tier 1 capital of a financial institution is negative the Tier
2 capital for regulatory purposes shall be considered as zero and hence the capital fund in
such cases shall be equal to the core capital
22 ELEMENTS OF TIER 1 CAPITAL
a Paid up Equity Capital
b Irredeemable non-cumulative preference shares which are fully paid-up and with the capacity
to absorb unexpected losses These instruments should not contain any clauses whatsoever
which permit redemption by the holder or issuer upon fulfillment of certain condition
Financial institution should obtain prior approval of NRB for this kind of instruments to
qualify as a component of core capital
c Share Premium
d Proposed Bonus Equity Share
e Statutory General Reserve
f Retained Earnings available for distribution to shareholders
g Un-audited current year cumulative profit after all provisions including staff bonus and taxes
as well as regulatory adjustments Where such provisions and regulatory adjustments are
not made this amount shall not qualify as Tier 1 capitalCapital Redemption Reserves
created in lieu of redeemable instruments
h Capital Adjustment reserves created in respect of increasing the capital base of the financial
institution
i Dividend Equalization Reserves
j Any other type of reserves notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in Tier 1 capital
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23 ELEMENTS OF TIER 2 CAPITAL
a Cumulative andor redeemable preference shares with maturity of five years and above
b Subordinated term debt fully paid up with a maturity of more than 5 years unsecured and
subordinated to the claim of other creditors free of restrictive clauses and not redeemable
before maturity Since subordinated term debt is not normally available to participate in the
losses the amount eligible for inclusion in the capital adequacy calculations is limited to 50
of core capital Moreover to reflect the diminishing value of these instruments as a
continuing source of strength a cumulative discount (amortization) factor of 20 per annum
shall be applied for capital adequacy computations during the last 5 years to maturity
c Hybrid capital instruments Those instruments which combine certain characteristics of debt
and certain characteristics of equity Each such instrument has a particular feature which can
be considered to affect its quality as capital Where these instruments have close similarities
to equity in particular when they are able to support losses on an ongoing basis without
triggering liquidation they may be included in Tier 2 capital with approval from Nepal
Rastra Bank
d General loan loss provision limited to a maximum of 125 of total Risk Weighted
Exposures General loan loss provision refers to the provisions created in respect of
Performing Loans only and it does not include provisions of rescheduledrestructured and
classified loans The additional loan loss provisions created in respect of Personal Guarantee
loans third party collateral loan and loans in excess of Single Obligor Limits are specific
provisions and hence cannot be included under this category Such provisions however can
be deducted from the gross exposures while calculating risk weighted exposures for credit
risk
However provisions created in excess of the regulatory requirements or provisions not
attributable to identifiable losses in any specific loans shall be allowed to be included in the
General Loan Loss Provision and shall be eligible for Tier II capital subject to a maximum of
125 of total risk weighted exposures
e Exchange equalization reserves created by financial institutions as a cushion for unexpected
losses arising out of adverse movements in foreign currencies
f Investment adjustment reserves to the extent created out of retained earning ie appropriation
of profitAny other type of reserves notified by NRB from time to time for inclusion in Tier 2
capital
24 DEDUCTIONS FROM CORE (TIER 1) CAPITAL
Financial institution s shall be required to deduct the following from the Tier 1 capital for capital
adequacy purposes The claims that have been deducted from core capital shall be exempt from risk
weights for the measurement of credit risk
a Book value of goodwill
b Deferred Tax Assets
c Miscellaneous expenditure to the extent not written off eg VRS expense preliminary
expense share issue expense deferred revenue expenditure etc However software
expenditure or software development expenditure research and development expenditure
patents copyrights trademarks and lease hold developments booked as deferred revenue
expenditure are subject to 100 risk weight and may not be deducted from Tier 1 capital
d Investment in equity of financial institutions licensed by Nepal Rastra Bank14
14
Investment in shares of Rural Development Banks and other institutions where the waiver has been explicitly provided by
NRB are subject to risk weight of 100 and shall not be deducted from Tier 1 capital
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e All Investments in equity of institutions with financial interest
f Investments in equity of institutions in excess of the prescribed limits
g Investments arising out of underwriting commitments that have not been disposed within a
year from the date of commitment
h Reciprocal crossholdings of financial institution capital artificially designed to inflate the
capital position of the financial institution
i Any other items as stipulated by Nepal Rastra Bank from time to time
j Negative balance of Reserve Accounts
Negative balances of any reserve such as which is recognized directly or through other
comprehensive income on equity such as revaluation reserve fair value reserve actuarial loss
etc shall be deducted from Core (Common Equity Tier 1) Capital However the
corresponding assets shall not be exempted from risk weights for the measurement of credit
risk as the loss recognized in equity has already been adjusted in carrying amount of related
assets Since full amount of assets has not been deducted from Core Capital risk weights on
carrying amount of assets shall be applied to measure credit risk
25 CAPITAL FUNDS
The capital fund is the summation of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital The sum total of the different
components of the tier 2 capitals will be limited to the sum total of the various components of the
Tier 1 capital net of deductions as specified in 24 In case the Tier 1 capital is negative Tier 2
capital shall be considered to be Nil for regulatory capital adequacy purposes and hence in such a
situation the capital fund shall be equal to Tier 1 capital
26 MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
Unless a higher minimum ratio has been set by Nepal Rastra Bank for an individual financial
institution through a review process every financial institution shall maintain at all times the
capital requirement set out below
a A Tier 1 (core) capital of not less than 6 percent of total risk weighted exposure
b A total capital fund of not less than 10 percent of its total risk weighted exposure
The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is calculated by dividing eligible regulatory capital by total
Risk Weighted Exposure (RWE) The total risk weighted exposure shall comprise of risk weights
calculated in respect of financial institution s credit operational and market risks Methodologies to
calculate RWE for each of these risk categories are described in detail in subsequent chapters
3 CREDIT RISK
31 GENERAL
Credit risk is the major risk that financial institution s are exposed to during the normal course of
lending and credit underwriting Within Basel II there are two approaches for credit risk
measurement the standardized approach and the internal ratings based (IRB) approach Due to
various inherent constraints of the Nepalese banking system the standardized approach in its
simplified form Simplified Standardized Approach (SSA) is prescribed in the initial phase
32 SIMPLIFIED STANDARDIZED APPROACH (SSA)
In comparison to Basel I SSA aligns regulatory capital requirements more closely with the key
elements of banking risk by introducing a wider differentiation of risk weights and a wider
recognition of credit risk mitigation techniques The advantage of implementing this approach is
twofold This approach allows transitional advantage for countries like us by avoiding excessive
complexities associated with the advanced approaches of Basel II while at the same time it will
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produce capital ratios more in line with the actual economic risks that financial institutions are
facing compared to the present Accord
Under this approach financial institutions are required to assign a risk weight to their balance sheet
and off-balance sheet exposures These risk weights are based on a fixed weight that is broadly
aligned with the likelihood of a counterparty default As a general rule the claims that have already
been deducted from the core capital shall be exempt from risk weights for the measurement of
credit risk
Claims on foreign government their central banks as well as foreign corporates shall be generally
risk-weighed on the basis of the consensus country risk scores of export credit agencies (ECA)15
Wherever there are claims relating to unrated countries they shall generally be risk weighed at 100
percent However these claim shall be subject to supervisory review and higher risk weight shall be
assigned where the review process deems appropriate
All kinds of claims including loans amp advances as well as investments shall be risk weighed net of
specific provisions and valuation adjustments which are directly or through other
comprehensive income recognized on equity Generally provision related to any receivable or
investment is not defined as general or specific In such situation the total provision against any
claimexposure (other than the loans and advances) shall be considered as specific provision
However provisions eligible for the supplementary capital shall not be allowed for netting while
calculating risk weighted exposures
In case of loans advances and bills purchased the provisions created in lieu of Performing loans
only are classified as General loan loss provision All other provisions are components of specific
loan loss provision Hence general loan loss provision doesn‟t comprise provisions created in
respect of rescheduledrestructured and non performing loans It also doesn‟t include additional
provisions created for personal guarantee loans or lending in excess of Single Obligor Limits
However provisions created in excess of the regulatory requirements and not attributable to
identifiable losses in any specific loans shall be allowed to be included in the General Loan Loss
Provision
In order to be consistent with the Basel-II framework the credit risk for the regulatory
capital purpose shall be computed by segregating the exposure in the following 11 categories
a) Claims on government amp central bank
b) Claims on other official entities
c) Claims on banks
d) Claims on corporate amp securities firms
e) Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
f) Claims secured by residential properties
g) Claims secured by commercial real state
h) Past due claims
i) High risk claims
j) Other assets
k) Off balance sheet items
33 RISK MEASUREMENT AND RISK WEIGHTS
a Claims on government amp central bank
15 The consensus country risk classification is available on the OECD‟s website (httpwwwoecdorg) in the Export Credit
Arrangement web page of the Trade Directorate Each bank while computing the risk weight in any claim should use the
updated risk score
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1 All claims on Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank shall be risk weighed at 0
2 Claims on foreign government and their central banks shall be risk-weighted on the basis
of the consensus country risk scores as follows
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 4 to 6 7
Risk weights 0 20 50 100 150
b Claims on other official entities
1 Claims on the Bank for International Settlements the International Monetary Fund the
European Central Bank and the European Community will receive a 0 risk weight
2 Following Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) will be eligible for a 0 risk
weight
World Bank Group comprised of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
African Development Bank (AfDB)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
European Investment Bank (EIB)
European Investment Fund (EIF)
Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and
Council of Europe Development Bank (CEDB)
3 The standard risk weight for claims on other Multilateral Development Banks will be
100
4 Claims on public sector entities (PSEs)16
will be risk-weighed as per the ECA country
risk scores
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
c Claims on banks
1 All claims irrespective of currency excluding investment in equity shares and other
instruments eligible for capital funds on domestic banksfinancial institutions that
fulfill Capital Adequacy Requirements will be risk weighed at 20 while for the rest it
will be 100
Banks should make use of the publicly available information of the immediately
preceding quarter of the respective banks to gauge their status on capital adequacy
2 Claims on a foreign bank excluding investment in equity shares and other instruments
eligible for capital funds shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk score
subject to the floor of 20 The primary basis for applying the ECA Country Risk
score shall be the country of incorporation of the bank Where the bank is a branch
office the ECA score of the country where the corporate office is located shall be used
16
Public sector entity (PSE) is one which is owned or controlled by government or any other entity categorized as PSE by
NRB
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while in the case of a subsidiary the basis shall be the country where the subsidiary is
incorporated
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
However the claims on foreign banks incorporated in the SAARC region and China
which operate with a buffer of 1 above their respective regulatory minimum capital
requirements may be risk weighed at 20 The banks shall be responsible to submit
the latest capital adequacy position of such banks and demonstrate that they fulfill the
eligibility requirements Such capital adequacy position submitted by the banks should
not be prior to more than one financial year Moreover such claims shall be subject to a
supervisory review and supervisors may require the bank to risk weigh the claims on
ECA country risk scores where the review process deems necessary
d Claims on corporate amp securities firms
1 Domestic corporate includes all firms and companies incorporated in Nepal as per
prevailing Acts and regulations The claims on domestic corporate including claims on
insurance companies and securities firm shall be risk weighed as per the credit rating score
provided by licensed credit rating agency subject to the floor of 80 as follows
Credit rating
score
equivalent to
AAA
AA+
to
AA-
A+
to
A-
BBB+amp
below Unrated
Risk weights 80 85
90 100 100
2 The claims on foreign corporate shall be risk weighed as per the ECA Country risk
score subject to the floor of 20 as follows
ECA risk scores 0-1 2 3 to 6 7
Risk weights 20 50 100 150
e Claims on regulatory retail portfolio
1 Claims17
that qualify all criteria listed below may be considered as regulatory retail
portfolio and risk weighed at 75 except for past due loans Such claims however
have to be in strict compliance with the product papers developed by the bank and
approved by their respective board of directors
Criteria
Orientation criteria - exposure is to an individual person or persons or to a small
business Bank should obtain written declaration from the borrower to the effect
that their indebtedness is within the threshold across all banks and FIs
Product criteria - The exposure takes the form of any of the following
Revolving credits and lines of credit (including overdraft hypothecation etc)
Term loans and leases (eg hire purchase auto loans and leases student and
educational loans18
) and
17
Lending against securities (such as equities and bonds) whether listed or not are specifically excluded from this category
Likewise credit card receivables are excluded from this category However lending against personal guarantee and fully
backed by guaranteed cash flow such as pension etc that has negligible risk of failure can be included in this category 18
Personal finance includes overseas employment loan home loan (to the extent they do not qualify for treatment
as claims secured by residential property) direct deprived sector loan
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Small business facilities and commitments
Deprived sector loans upto a threshold of Rs10 million (Ten Million only)
Granularity criteria- NRB must be satisfied that the regulatory retail portfolio is
sufficiently diversified to a degree that reduces the risks in the portfolio warranting
the 75 risk weight No aggregate exposure19
to one counterpart can exceed 05
of the overall regulatory retail portfolio
Low value individual criteria - The total aggregated exposure to one counterparty20
cannot exceed an absolute threshold of Rs10 million (Nepalese Rupees Ten
Million only)
2 Banks which have claims that fulfill all criteria except for granularity may risk weigh
those claims at 100
f Claims secured by residential properties
1 Lending to individuals meant for acquiring or developing residential property which
are fully secured by mortgages on residential property that are or will be occupied by
the borrower or that is rented will be risk-weighed at 60 However banks should
ensure the existence of adequate margin of security over the amount of loan based on
strict valuation rules
Banks have to develop product paper and get it approved from the board of directors to
regulate this kind of lending The claims in order to be eligible for this category have to
be in strict compliance with this product paper
2 Where the loan is not fully secured such claims have to risk weighed at 150
3 When claims secured by residential properties are or have been past due21
at any point
of time during the last two years they shall be risk-weighed at 100 net of specific
provisions
g Claims secured by commercial real estate
1 Claims secured by mortgages on commercial real estate except past due shall be risk-
weighed at 100 Commercial real estate hereby refers to mortgage of Office
buildings retail space multi-purpose commercial premises multi-family residential
buildings multi-tenanted commercial premises industrial or warehouse space hotels
land acquisition development and construction etc
h Past due claims
1 Any loan except for a claim secured by residential property which is or has been past
due at any point of time during the last two years will be risk-weighed at 150 net of
specific provision
i High risk claims
1 150 risk weight shall be applied for venture capital and private equity investments
2 Exposures on Personal loan in excess of the threshold of regulatory retail portfolio
and exposures on credit card shall warrant a risk weight of 150
19
Aggregated exposure means gross amount (ie not taking any credit risk mitigation into account) of all forms of credit
exposures availed from the bank 20
Counterparty refers to one or a group of borrowers defined by the NRB directives as a single obligor 21
An exposure is past due if it falls into any other category other than Pass loan as per provisions of NRB directive on Loan
classification
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3 Investments in the equity and other capital instruments of institutions which are not
listed in the stock exchange and have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall be
risk weighed at 150 net of provisions and valuation adjustments which are
directly or through other comprehensive income recognized on equity
4 Claims which are not fully secured or are only backed up by personal guarantee shall
attract 150 risk weight
5 Where a loan cannot be segregatedor identified as regulatory retail portfolio or
qualifying residential mortgage loan or under other categories it shall be risk weighed
at 150
j Other assets
1 With regard to other assets following provisions have been made
h Interest receivableclaim on government securities will be risk-weighed at 0
i Staff loan given as per Employee By-laws and secured by residential property that is
or will be occupied by the staff or that is rented will be risk-weighed at 50 However
banks should ensure the existence of adequate margin of security over the amount of
loan based on strict valuation rules
j Investments in equity or regulatory capital instruments issued by securities firms will
be risk-weighed at 100 net of valuation adjustments which are directly or through
other comprehensive income recognized on equity
k Cash in transit and other cash items in the process of collection will be risk-weighed at
20 For this purpose cash items shall include Cheque and Draft
l Fictitious assets that have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall be risk weighed
at 100
m Investments in the equity and other capital instruments of institutions which are
listed in the stock exchange and have not been deducted from Tier 1 capital shall
be risk weighed at 100 net of provisions and valuation adjustments which are
directly or through other comprehensive income recognized on equity
Investments in mutual fund shall also be risk weighted at 100 net of valuation
adjustments as described above
n All Other assets will be risk-weighed at 100 net of specific provision and valuation
adjustments which are directly or through other comprehensive income recognized on
equity
h Lending against securities (bonds and shares) shall attract risk weight of 100
k Off balance sheet items
1 Off-balance sheet items under the simplified standardized approach will be converted
into equivalent risk weight exposure using risk weight as follows
Off Balance Sheet Exposure Risk
Weight
Any commitments those are unconditionally cancelable at any time by the bank
without prior notice or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due
to deterioration in a borrower‟s creditworthiness (for example bills under
collection)
0
Forward exchange contracts 10
Short Term Trade-related contingencies 20
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Contingent liabilities arising from trade-related obligations which are secured
against an underlying shipment of goods for both issuing and confirming bank
and are short term in nature This includes documentary letters of credit
shipping guarantees issued and any other trade-related contingencies with an
original maturity up to six months
Undertaking to provide a commitment on an off-balance sheet items 20
Unsettled22
securities and foreign exchange transactions between bank to bank
and between bank and customer
20
Long term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of
more than 1 year
50
Performance-related contingencies
Contingent liabilities which involve an irrevocable obligation to pay a third
party in the event that counterparty fails to fulfill or perform a contractual non-
monetary obligation such as delivery of goods by a specified date etc This
includes issue of performance bonds bid bonds warranties indemnities
underwriting commitments and standby letters of credit in relation to a non-
monetary obligation of counterparty under a particular transaction
40
Long term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of more
than 1 year This shall include all unutilized limits in respect of revolving
working capital loans eg overdraft cash credit working capital loan etc
except for trade finance exposures
50
Short term irrevocable Credit Commitments
Any un-drawn portion of committed credit lines sanctioned for a period of upto
1 year This shall include all unutilized limits in respect of revolving working
capital loans eg overdraft cash credit working capital loan etc except for
trade finance exposures
20
Repurchase agreements securities lending securities borrowing reverse
repurchase agreements and equivalent transactions
This includes sale and repurchase agreements and asset sales with recourse
where the credit risk remains with the purchasing bank
100
Direct credit substitutes
Any irrevocable off-balance sheet obligations which carry the same credit risk
as a direct extension of credit such as an undertaking to make a payment to a
third party in the event that a counterparty fails to meet a financial obligation or
an undertaking to a counterparty to acquire a potential claim on another party in
the event of default by that party constitutes a direct credit substitute This
includes potential credit exposures arising from the issue of financial guarantees
and credit derivatives confirmation of letters of credit (acceptances and
endorsements) issue of standby letters of credit serving as financial guarantees
for loans securities and any other financial liabilities and bills endorsed under
bill endorsement lines (but which are not accepted by or have the prior
endorsement of another bank)
100
Unpaid portion of partly paid shares and securities 100
Other Contingent Liabilities 100
22
An unsettled transaction is one where delivery of the instrument is due to take place against receipt of cash but which
remain unsettled five business days after the due settlement date
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34 CREDIT RISK MITIGATION (CRM)
Banks may use a number of techniques to mitigate the risks to which they are exposed The prime
objective of this provision is to encourage the banks to manage credit risk in a prudent and effective
manner As such credit risks exposures may be collateralized23
in whole or in part with cash or
securities or a loan exposure may be guaranteed by a third party Where these various techniques
meet the minimum conditions mentioned below banks which take eligible financial collateral are
allowed to reduce their credit exposure to counterparty when calculating their capital requirements
to take account of the risk mitigating effect of the collateral However credit risk mitigation is
allowed only on an account by account basis even within regulatory retail portfolio
As a general rule no secured claim should receive a higher capital requirement than an otherwise
identical claim on which there is no collateral Similarly the effects of the CRM shall not be double
counted and capital requirement will be applied to banks on either side of the collateralized
transaction for example both repos and reverse repos will be subject to capital requirements
Those portions of claims collateralized by the market value of recognized collateral receive the risk
weight applicable to the collateral instrument The remainder of the claim should be assigned the
risk weight appropriate to the counter party
Where the same security has been pledged for both the funded and non funded facilities banks
should clearly demarcate the value of security held for funded and non funded facility In cases
where the bank has obtained same security for various forms of facilities banks are eligible to
claim the CRM benefit across all such exposures up to the eligible value of CRM
a Minimum conditions for eligibility
In order to obtain capital relief towards credit risk mitigation there are certain basic condition
that needs to be fulfilled Supervisors will monitor the extent to which banks satisfy these
conditions both at the outset of a collateralized transaction and on an on-going basis
1 Legal certainty- Collateral is effective only if the legal mechanism by which collateral
is given is robust and ensures that the lender has clear rights over the collateral to
liquidate or retain it in the event of default Thus banks must take all necessary steps to
fulfill local contractual requirements in respect of the enforceability of security interest
The collateral arrangements must be properly documented with a clear and robust
procedure for the timely liquidation of collateral A banks procedures should ensure
that any legal conditions required for declaring the default of the customer and
liquidating the collateral are observed Where the collateral is held by a custodian the
bank must seek to ensure that the custodian ensures adequate segregation of the
collateral instruments and the custodians own assets Besides that banks must obtain
legal opinions confirming the enforceability of the collateral arrangements in all
relevant jurisdictions
2 Low correlation with exposure- In order for collateral to provide protection the credit
quality of the obligor and the value of the collateral must not have a material positive
correlation For example securities issued by the collateral provider - or by any related
group entity - would provide little protection and thus would be ineligible
3 Maturity Mismatch- The maturity of the underlying exposure and the maturity of the
hedge should both be defined conservatively The effective maturity of the underlying
collateral should be gauged as the longest possible remaining time before the obligor is
23
A collateralized transaction is one in which a) banks have a credit exposure or potential credit exposure and b) that credit
exposures or potential credit exposure is hedged in whole or in part by collateral posted by the counter party or by a third
party on behalf of the counter party
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scheduled to fulfill its obligation The collateral must be pledged for at least the life of
the exposure In case of mismatches in the maturity of the underlying exposure and the
collateral it shall not be eligible for CRM benefits
4 Currency Mismatch- Ideally the currency of the underlying exposure and the collateral
should be the same Where the credit exposure is denominated in a currency that differs
from that in which the underlying exposure is denominated there is a currency
mismatch Mismatches shall be subject to supervisory haircut of 10
5 Risk Management- While CRM reduces credit risk it simultaneously may increase
other risks to which a bank is exposed such as legal operational liquidity and market
risks Therefore it is imperative that banks employ robust procedures and processes to
control these risks including strategy consideration of the underlying credit valuation
policies and procedures systems control of roll-off risks and management of
concentration risk arising from the banks use of CRM techniques and its effect with the
banks overall credit profile In case where these requirements are not fulfilled NRB
may not recognize the benefit of CRM techniques
6 Qualifying criteria for guarantee- A guarantee (counter guarantee) to be eligible must
represent a direct claim on the protection provider and must be explicitly referenced to
specific exposures or a pool of exposures so that the extent of the cover is clearly
defined and irrefutable Other than non-payment by a protection purchaser of money
due in respect of the credit protection contract it must be irrevocable in that there must
be no clause in the contract that would increase the effective cost of cover as a result of
deteriorating credit quality in the hedged exposure It must also be unconditional in that
there should be no clause in the protection contract outside the control of the bank that
could prevent the protection provider from being obliged to pay out in a timely manner
in the event that the original counter party fails to make the payments due
On the qualifying default or non-payment of the counter party the bank may in a
timely manner pursue the guarantor for any monies outstanding under the
documentation governing the transaction The guarantor may make one lump sum
payment of all monies under such documentation to the bank or the guarantor may
assume the future payment obligations of the counter party covered by the guarantee
The bank must have the right to receive any such payments from the guarantor without
first having to take legal actions in order to pursue the counter party payment
b Eligible Collaterals
1 Cash deposit (as well as certificates of deposit or fixed deposits or other deposits) with
the bank The bank may only claim these as CRM if it has specific authority to recover
the amount from this source in case of default
2 Fixed Deposit ReceiptsCertificates of depositsother deposits of other Banks and FIs
who fulfill the capital adequacy requirements subject to a 20 supervisory haircut
3 Gold
4 Securities issued by the Government of Nepal and Nepal Rastra Bank
5 Guarantee of the Government of Nepal
6 Financial guaranteecounter guarantee of domestic banks and FIs who meet the
minimum capital adequacy requirements subject to a haircut of 20
7 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by sovereigns
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8 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by MDBs in the list specified
in 33 b (3 amp 4)
9 SecuritiesFinancial guaranteeCounter guarantee issued by banks with ECA rating 2 or
better The supervisory haircut shall be 20 and 50 for the banks with ECA rating of
0-1 and 2 respectively
c Methodology for using CRM
Step 1 Identify the accounts eligible for capital relief under credit risk mitigation
Step 2 Assess the value of the exposure and the eligible collateral The value of the eligible
collateral is the lower of the face value of the instrument or the outstanding amount
of exposure
Step 3 Adjust the value of the eligible collateral in respect of the supervisory haircut in
terms of currency mismatch and other eligibility requirements
Step 4 Compare the adjusted value of the collateral with the outstanding exposure
Step 5 The value of the eligible CRM is the lower of the adjusted value of the collateral and
the outstanding exposure
Step 6 Plot the eligible CRM in the appropriate category of credit risk
The sum total of net amount of eligible CRM as per ldquoForm No4 Exhibit of claims with
eligible credit risk mitigantsrdquo shall be consistent with the ldquoForm No3 Eligible Credit Risk
Mitigantsrdquo prescribed in this framework
4 OPERATIONAL RISK
41 GENERAL
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate internal processes people and
systems or from external events Operational risk itself is not a new concept and well run banks
have been addressing it in their internal controls and corporate governance structures Basel II
requires banks to hold capital against the risk of unexpected loss that could arise from the failure of
operational systems
The most important types of operational risk involve breakdowns in internal controls and corporate
governance Such breakdowns can lead to financial losses through error fraud or failure to perform
in a timely manner or cause the interests of the bank to be compromised in some other way for
example by its dealers lending officers or other staff exceeding their authority or conducting
business in an unethical or risky manner Other aspects of operational risk include major failure of
information technology systems or events such as major fires or other disasters
42 BASIC INDICATOR APPROACH
Under the basic indicator approach banks must hold capital for operational risk equal to the
average over the previous three years of a fixed percentage (denoted alpha) of positive annual gross
income
The capital charge for operational risk may be expressed as follows
KBIA = [sum(GI1n N
where
KBIA = capital charge under the Basic Indicator Approach
GI = annual gross income where positive over the previous three years
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N = number of the previous three years for which gross income is positive
α = 15 percent
NRB shall review the capital requirement produced by this approach for general credibility
especially in relation to a banks peers and in the event that credibility is lacking appropriate
supervisory action under Review Process shall be considered
Figures for the year in which annual gross income is negative or zero should be excluded from
both the numerator and denominator while calculating the average In case where the gross income
for all of the last three years is negative 5 of total credit and investments net of specific
provisions shall be considered as the capital charge for operational risk For this purpose
investments shall comprise of money at call placements investment in government securities and
other investments irrespective of currency
Similarly in case of new banks who have not completed an year of operation and hence whose
average gross income cannot be measured reliably they shall also be required to compute their
capital charge for operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative
gross income These banks may use the gross income approach from second year onwards But
based on the reasonableness of the so computed capital charge for Operation Risk during the first
three years of operation review process may require additional proportion of capital charge if
deemed necessary
43 GROSS INCOME
Gross income is defined as net Interest Income plus non interest income It is intended that this
measure should
a be gross of any provisions (eg for unpaid interest) and write-offs made during the year
b be gross of operating expenses exclude reversal during the year in respect of provisions and
write-offs made during the previous year(s)
c exclude incomegain recognized from the disposal of items of movable and immovable
property
d exclude realized profitslosses from the sale of securities in the ldquoheld to maturityrdquo category
e exclude other extraordinary or irregular items of income and expenditure
Thus for the purpose of capital adequacy requirements gross income shall be summation of
a Total operating income as disclosed in Profit and Loss account prepared as per NRB directive
no4 The total operating income comprises of
1 Net Interest Income
2 Commission and Discount Income
3 Other Operating Income
4 Exchange Fluctuation Income
b Additiondeduction in the Interest Suspense during the period
Banks shall use the annual audited financials of the last three years for the computation of gross
income under this approach Hence the capital requirement for operational risk for a whole
financial year shall remain constant Until the accounts are finalized for the financial year banks
shall use the provisional figures for the period which should be validated by the internal auditor of
the bank
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44 COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT
Operational risk-weighted assets are determined by multiplying the operational risk capital charge
by 10 (ie the reciprocal of the minimum capital ratio of 10) and adding together with the risk
weighted exposures for credit risk
5 MARKET RISK
51 DEFINITION OF MARKET RISK
Market risk is defined as the risk of losses in on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet positions
arising from adverse movements in market prices The major constituents of market risks are
a The risks pertaining to interest rate related instruments
b Foreign exchange risk (including gold positions) throughout the bank and
c The risks pertaining to investment in equities and commodities
52 SEGREGATION OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
Banks shall recognize measure present and disclose the investment instruments as per the
requirement of NFRSs
53 NET OPEN POSITION APPROACH
Out of the various components of market risk foreign exchange risk is perceived as the
predominant at this time The effects of other forms of market risk are minimal Thus a net open
position approach has been devised to measure the capital requirement for market risk As
evidenced by its name this approach only addresses the risk of loss arising out of adverse
movements in exchange rates This approach will be consolidated over time to incorporate other
forms of market risks as they start to gain prominence
The designated Net Open Position approach requires banks to allocate a fixed proportion of capital
in terms of its net open position The banks should allocate 5 percentage of their net open positions
as capital charge for market risk
54 NET OPEN POSITION
Net open position is the difference between the assets and the liability in a currency In other words
it is the uncovered volume of asset or liability which is exposed to the changes in the exchange
rates of currencies For capital adequacy requirements the net open position includes both net spot
positions as well as net forward positions
For capital adequacy purposes banks should calculate their net open position in the following
manner
a Calculate the net open position in each of the foreign currencies
b Convert the net open positions in each currency to NPR as per prevalent exchange rates
c Aggregate the converted net open positions of all currencies without paying attention to long
or short positions
d This aggregate shall be the net open position of the bank
55 COMPUTATION OF RISK WEIGHT
Risk-weighted assets in respect of market risk are determined by multiplying the capital charges by
10 (ie the reciprocal of the minimum capital ratio of 10) and adding together with the risk
weighted exposures for credit risk
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6 REVIEW PROCESS
61 GENERAL
The supervisory review process of the framework is intended not only to ensure that banks have
adequate capital to support all the risks in their business but also to encourage banks to develop
and use better risk management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks It is the
responsibility of the bank management in developing an internal capital assessment process and
setting capital targets that are commensurate with the bank‟s risk profile and control environment
beyond the core minimum requirements
Nepal Rastra Bank recognizes the significance of the relationship between the amount of capital
held by the bank against its risks and the strength and effectiveness of the bank‟s risk management
and internal control processes However increased capital should not be viewed as the only option
for addressing increased risks confronting the bank Other means for addressing risk such as
strengthening risk management applying internal limits strengthening the level of provisions and
reserves and improving internal controls must also be considered Furthermore capital should not
be regarded as a substitute for addressing fundamentally inadequate control or risk management
processes
There are three main areas that is particularly suited to treatment under this process risks
considered under minimum capital requirements which are not fully captured it (eg credit
concentration risk) those factors not taken into account by the minimum capital requirements (eg
business and strategic risk) and factors external to the bank (eg business cycle effects)
In order to achieve the objectives of the supervisory review process this process has been broadly
divided into three parts
a Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP)
b Supervisory Review
c Supervisory Response
62 INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS
The internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) is a comprehensive process which
requires board and senior management oversight monitoring reporting and internal control reviews
at regular intervals to ensure the alignment of regulatory capital requirement with the true risk
profile of the bank and thus ensure long-term safety and soundness of the bank The key
components of an effective ICAAP are discussed below
a Board and senior management oversight
Bank management is responsible for understanding the nature and level of risk being taken by
the bank and how this risk relates to adequate capital levels It is also responsible for ensuring
that the formality and sophistication of the risk management processes is commensurate with
the complexity of its operations A sound risk management process thus is the foundation
for an effective assessment of the adequacy of a bank‟s capital position
The board of directors of the bank are responsible for setting the bank‟s tolerance for risks
The board should also ensure that management establishes a mechanism for assessing various
risks develops a system to relate these risks to the bank‟s capital level and sets up a method
for monitoring compliance with internal policies It is equally important that the board instills
strong internal controls and thereby an effective control environment through adoption of
written policies and procedures and ensures that the policies and procedures are effectively
communicated throughout the bank
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The analysis of a bank‟s current and future capital requirements in relation to its strategic
objectives is a vital element of the strategic planning process The strategic plan should
clearly outline the bank‟s capital needs anticipated capital expenditures desirable capital
level and external capital sources Senior management and the board should view capital
planning as a crucial element in being able to achieve its desired strategic objectives
b Sound capital assessment
Another crucial component of an effective ICAAP is the assessment of capital In order to be
able to make a sound capital assessment the bank should at minimum have the following
Policies and procedures designed to ensure that the bank identifies measures and reports
all material risks
A process that relates capital to the level of risk
A process that states capital adequacy goals with respect to risk taking account of the
bank‟s strategic focus and business plan and
A process of internal control reviews and audit to ensure the integrity of the overall
management process
c Comprehensive assessment of risks
All material risks faced by the bank should be addressed in the capital assessment process
Nepal Rastra Bank recognizes that not all risks can be measured precisely However bank
should develop a process to estimate risks with reasonable certainties In order to make a
comprehensive assessment of risks the process should at minimum address the following
forms of risk
1 Credit risk Banks should have methodologies that enable them to assess the credit
risk involved in exposures to individual borrowers or counterparties as well as at the
portfolio level The credit review assessment of capital adequacy at a minimum
should cover risk rating systems portfolio analysisaggregation large exposures and
risk concentrations
Internal risk ratings are an important tool in monitoring credit risk Internal risk ratings
should be adequate to support the identification and measurement of risk from all credit
exposures and should be integrated into an institution‟s overall analysis of credit risk
and capital adequacy The ratings system should provide detailed ratings for all assets
not only for problem assets
2 Credit concentration risk Risk concentrations are arguably the single most important
cause of major problems in banks A risk concentration is any single exposure or group
of exposures with the potential to produce losses large enough (relative to a bank‟s
capital total assets or overall risk level) to threaten a bank‟s health or ability to
maintain its core operations
Lending being the primary activity of most banks credit risk concentrations are often
the most material risk concentrations within a bank However risk concentrations can
arise in a bank‟s assets liabilities or off-balance sheet items through the execution or
processing of transactions (either product or service) or through a combination of
exposures across these broad categories Credit risk concentrations are based on
common or correlated risk factors which in times of stress have an adverse effect on
the creditworthiness of each of the individual counterparties making up the
concentration
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Such credit concentrations are not addressed in the minimum capital requirements for
credit risk Thus banks should have in place effective internal policies systems and
controls to identify measure monitor and control their credit risk concentrations
Banks should explicitly consider the extent of their credit risk concentrations in their
assessment of capital adequacy under review process These policies should cover the
different forms of credit risk concentrations to which a bank may be exposed to Such
concentrations include but are not limited to
Significant exposures to an individual counterparty or group of related
counterparty Banks might also establish an aggregate limit for the management
and control of all of its large exposures as a group
Credit exposures to counterparties in the same economic sector or geographic
region
Credit exposures to counterparties whose financial performance is dependent on the
same activity or commodity and
Indirect credit exposures arising from a bank‟s CRM activities (eg exposure to a
similar type of collateral or credit protection provided by a single counterparty or
same collateral in cases of multiple banking)
A bank‟s framework for managing credit risk concentrations should be clearly
documented and should include a definition of the credit risk concentrations relevant to
the bank and how these concentrations and their corresponding limits are calculated
Limits should be defined in relation to a bank‟s capital total assets or where adequate
measures exist its overall risk level A bank‟s management should conduct periodic
stress tests of its major credit risk concentrations and review the results of those tests to
identify and respond to potential changes in market conditions that could adversely
impact the bank‟s performance
3 Operational risk The failure to properly manage operational risk can result in a
misstatement of an institution‟s riskreturn profile and expose the institution to
significant losses Gross income used in the Basic Indicator Approach is only a proxy
for the scale of operational risk exposure of a bank and can in some cases
underestimate the need for capital Thus banks should develop a framework for
managing operational risk and evaluate the adequacy of capital as prescribed by this
framework The framework should cover the bank‟s appetite and tolerance for
operational risk as specified through the policies for managing this risk including the
extent and manner in which operational risk is transferred outside the bank It should
also include policies outlining the bank‟s approach to identifying assessing monitoring
and controllingmitigating the risk
4 Market risk The prescribed approach for the computation of capital charge for market
risk is very simple and thus may not be directly aligned with the magnitude of risk
Likewise the approach only incorporates risks arising out of adverse movements in
exchange rates while ignoring other forms of risks like interest rate risk and equity
risks Thus banks should develop a framework that addresses these various forms of
risk and at the same time perform stress tests to evaluate the adequacy of capital
The use of internal models by the bank for the measurement of market risk is highly
encouraged Wherever banks make use of internal models for computation of capital
charge for market risks the bank management should ensure the adequacy and
completeness of the system regardless of the type and level of complexity of the
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 79
measurement system as the quality and reliability of the measurement system is largely
dependent on the quality of the data and various assumptions used in the model
5 Liquidity risk Liquidity is crucial to the ongoing viability of any financial institution
Capital positions can have a telling effect on institution‟s ability to obtain liquidity
especially in a crisis Each bank must have adequate systems for measuring monitoring
and controlling liquidity risk Banks should evaluate the adequacy of capital given their
own liquidity profile and the liquidity of the markets in which they operate Banks are
also encouraged to make use of stress testing to determine their liquidity needs and the
adequacy of capital
6 Other risks Although the bdquoother‟ risks such as reputational and strategic risk are not
easily measurable banks are expected to take these into consideration as well while
deciding on the level of capital
d Monitoring and reporting
The bank should establish an adequate system for monitoring and reporting risk exposures
and assessing how the bank‟s changing risk profile affects the need for capital The bank‟s
senior management or board of directors should on a regular basis receive reports on the
bank‟s risk profile and capital needs These reports should allow senior management to
Evaluate the level and trend of material risks and their effect on capital levels
Evaluate the sensitivity and reasonableness of key assumptions used in the capital
assessment measurement system
Determine that the bank holds sufficient capital against the various risks and is in
compliance with established capital adequacy goals and
Assess its future capital requirements based on the bank‟s reported risk profile and make
necessary adjustments to the bank‟s strategic plan accordingly
e Internal control review
The bank‟s internal control structure is essential to a sound capital assessment process
Effective control of the capital assessment process includes an independent review and
where appropriate the involvement of internal or external audits The bank‟s board of
directors has a responsibility to ensure that management establishes a system for assessing the
various risks develops a system to relate risk to the bank‟s capital level and establishes a
method for monitoring compliance with internal policies The board should regularly verify
whether its system of internal controls is adequate to ensure well-ordered and prudent
conduct of business
The bank should conduct periodic reviews of its risk management process to ensure its
integrity accuracy and reasonableness Key areas that should be reviewed include
Appropriateness of the bank‟s capital assessment process given the nature scope and
complexity of its activities
Identification of large exposures and risk concentrations
Accuracy and completeness of data inputs into the bank‟s assessment process
Reasonableness and validity of scenarios used in the assessment process and
Stress testing and analysis of assumptions and inputs
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 80
63 SUPERVISORY REVIEW
Nepal Rastra Bank shall regularly review the process by which a bank assesses its capital adequacy
risk positions resulting capital levels and quality of capital held by a bank Supervisors shall also
evaluate the degree to which a bank has in place a sound internal process to assess capital
adequacy The emphasis of the review should be on the quality of the bank‟s risk management and
controls and should not result in supervisors functioning as bank management The periodic review
can involve any or a combination of
On-site examinations or inspections
Off-site review
Discussions with bank management
Review of work done by external auditors (provided it is adequately focused on the necessary
capital issues) and
Periodic reporting
Some of the key areas which will be reviewed during the supervisory review process are discussed
hereunder
a Review of adequacy of risk assessment
NRB shall assess the degree to which internal targets and processes incorporate the full range
of material risks faced by the bank Supervisors shall also review the adequacy of risk
measures used in assessing internal capital adequacy and the extent to which these risk
measures are also used operationally in setting limits evaluating business line performance
and evaluating and controlling risks more generally Supervisors shall consider the results of
sensitivity analyses and stress tests conducted by the institution and how these results relate
to capital plans
b Assessment of capital adequacy
NRB shall review the bank‟s processes to determine that
Target levels of capital chosen are comprehensive and relevant to the current operating
environment
These levels are properly monitored and reviewed by senior management and
The composition of capital is appropriate for the nature and scale of the bank‟s business
NRB shall also consider the extent to which the bank has provided for unexpected events in
setting its capital levels This analysis should cover a wide range of external conditions and
scenarios and the sophistication of techniques and stress tests used should be commensurate
with the bank‟s activities
c Assessment of the control environment
NRB shall consider the quality of the bank‟s management information reporting and systems
the manner in which business risks and activities are aggregated and management‟s record in
responding to emerging or changing risks In all instances the capital level at an individual
bank should be determined according to the bank‟s risk profile and adequacy of its risk
management process and internal controls External factors such as business cycle effects and
the macroeconomic environment should also be considered
d Supervisory review of compliance with minimum standards
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 81
In order to obtain relief as per this framework banks are required to observe a number of
requirements including risk management standards and disclosures In particular banks will
be required to disclose features of their internal methodologies used in calculating minimum
capital requirements As part of the supervisory review process supervisors must ensure that
these conditions are being met on an ongoing basis Likewise the supervisors must ensure
that qualifying criteria as specified in the framework are continuously being met as these
criteria are developed as benchmarks aligned with bank managements expectations for
effective risk management and capital allocation
e Significance of risk transfer
Securitization or credit sale agreements with recourse may be carried out for purposes other
than credit risk transfer (eg funding) Where this is the case there might still be a limited
transfer of credit risk However for an originating bank to achieve reductions in capital
requirements the risk transfer arising from a securitization or credit sale has to be deemed
sufficient by the NRB If the risk transfer is considered to be insufficient or non existent
NRB can require the application of a higher capital requirement or alternatively may deny a
bank from obtaining any capital relief from the securitization or transfer agreements
Therefore the capital relief that can be achieved will correspond to the amount of credit risk
that is effectively transferred
f Credit Risk Mitigants
In case when the eligibility requirements are not fulfilled NRB will not consider Credit Risk
Mitigants in allocating capital Similarly CRM may give rise to residual risks which may
render the overall risk reduction less effective Where these risks are not adequately
controlled by the bank NRB may impose additional capital charges or take other appropriate
supervisory actions
g Operational risk and Market Risk
The framework prescribes simple approaches for allocating capital for operational and market
risk which may not be directly aligned with the volume and complexity of risk Thus the
supervisor shall consider whether the capital requirements generated by the prescribed
approaches give a consistent picture of the individual banks risk exposure in comparison
with the peer group and the banking industry at large Where NRB is convinced such is not
the case appropriate supervisory response is warranted
h Market Discipline
The framework requires banks to disclose various key information about their business on a
periodic basis It is imperative that the banks discharge their obligations under the disclosure
requirements in order to be eligible to claim benefits of CRM In line with the utmost
significance of this requirement the supervisor shall review the adequacy of the disclosures
As a part of this process itself the supervisor shall regularly review the website of the banks
and review the contents of the site Wherever the review process identifies any shortcomings
or non-compliances appropriate supervisory response shall be initiated
64 SUPERVISORY RESPONSE
Nepal Rastra Bank expects banks to operate above the minimum regulatory capital ratios If NRB
is not convinced about the risk management practices and the control environment it has the
authority to require banks to hold capital in excess of the minimum
a Supervisory adjustments in risk weighted assets and capital
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 82
Having carried out the review process as described above supervisors should take
appropriate action if they are not satisfied with the results of the bank‟s own risk assessment
and capital allocation In such a scenario NRB shall be empowered to undertake any or
combination of the following adjustments in the banks risk weighted assets and regulatory
capital computations
1 Shortfall in provisions made by the bank against adversely classified assets shall be
deducted from the Tier 1 capital
2 The loans and facilities extended to Directors Employees (other than loans given under
Employee rules) Shareholders holding more than 1 percent shares and related parties
as well as loans advances and facilities restricted by the prevailing rules and
regulations shall be deducted from Tier 1 capital
3 In case the bank has provided loans and facilities in excess of its Single Obligor Limits
10 of all such excess exposures shall be added to the risk weighted exposure for
credit risk
4 Where the bank has been involved in the sale of credit with recourse facility 1 of the
contract (sale) value shall be added to the risk weight for credit risk
5 Where the banks do not have satisfactory Assets Liability Management policies and
practices to effectively manage the market risks an additional risk weight of 1 of Net
Interest Income of the immediate previous financial year shall be added to the risk
weight for market risk
Where the Net Interest Income of the immediate previous financial year is
negative 1 of the total credit and investments net of specific provisions shall be
the capital charge for unsatisfactory ALM policies and practices 6 Where the banks net liquid asset to total deposit ratio is less than 20 a risk weight of
1 (as given in the table below) of total deposit for each percent or portion of percent
shortfall in such ratio is added to total of the Risk Weighted Exposures
Net liquid asset to total deposit
ratio
A risk weight to be added to the Risk Weighted
Exposures
19 - less than 20 1 of total deposit
18 - less than 19 2 of total deposit
17 - less than 18 3 of total deposit
16 - less than 17 4 of total deposit
15 - less than 16 5 of total deposit and so on
For this purpose liquid assets include cash and bank balances money at call amp short
notice placement upto 90 days and investment in government securities Borrowings
repayable upto 90 days is deducted from liquid assets to obtain net liquid assets
Note Aforesaid Provision shall be effective from Falgun end 2066 BS
7 Where the banks do not adopt sound practices for the management of operational risk
an additional capital charge of 2 to 5 of Gross Income of immediate previous
financial year shall be levied for operational risks However for FY 207778 such
capital charge shall be 2 to 3
8 Where the Gross Income determined for computation of capital charge of Operational
Risk for all of the last three years is negative and where the banks themselves have not
addressed the capital charge for operational risk 5 of the total credit and investments
net of specific provisions shall be the capital charge for operational risk
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 83
New banks who have not completed a year of operation and hence whose gross income
cannot be measured reliably and where the banks themselves have not addressed the
capital charge for operational risk shall also be required to compute their capital charge
for operational risk vide the same approach as prescribed for banks with negative gross
income These banks may use the gross income approach from second year onwards
But based on the reasonableness of the so computed capital charge for Operation Risk
during the first three years of operation review process may require additional
proportion of capital charge
9 During the course of review where the supervisor is not satisfied with the overall risk
management policies and procedures of the bank the total risk weighted exposures of
the bank shall be increased up to 5 However for FY 207778 such increment shall
be upto 3
10 In case the bank has not achieved the desired level of disclosure requirements the total
risk weighted exposures of the bank shall be increased up to 3 However for FY
207778 such increment shall be upto 1
11 Banks that do not meet the eligibility requirements to claim the benefit under credit risk
mitigation techniques shall not be allowed the benefit of CRM
b Corrective Actions for Non-Compliances
1 The failure on part of the banks to meet the provisions of this framework shall be
considered as a violation of the NRB directives and shall attract stipulated actions The
nature of the enforcement action largely depends on degree of the capital adequacy of
the bank The trigger points and the prescribed action in case of non-compliance shall
be as per the provisions of Prompt Corrective Action Byelaw 2074 propounded by
Nepal Rastra Bank
7 DISCLOSURE
71 GENERAL
The purpose of disclosure requirements is to complement the minimum capital requirements and
the review process by developing a set of disclosure requirements which will allow market
participants to assess key pieces of information on the scope of application capital risk exposures
risk assessment processes and hence the capital adequacy of the bank It is believed that providing
disclosures that are based on a common framework is an effective means of informing the market
about a bank‟s exposure to those risks and provides a consistent and comprehensive disclosure
framework that enhances comparability The importance of disclosure is more pronounced in cases
of bank that rely on internal methodologies in assessing capital requirements
72 DISCLOSURE PRINCIPLES
Banks should have a formal disclosure policy approved by the Board of Directors that addresses the
bank‟s approach for determining what disclosures it will make and the internal controls over the
disclosure process In addition banks should implement a process for assessing the appropriateness
of their disclosures including validation and frequency While deciding on the disclosure policy
the board should pay due attention to strike a balance between materiality and proprietary and
confidential information
a Materiality
Besides the minimum prescribed disclosure requirements a bank should decide which
additional disclosures are relevant for it based on the materiality concept Information would
be regarded as material if its omission or misstatement could change or influence the
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 84
assessment or decision of a user relying on that information for the purpose of making
economic decisions
b Proprietary and confidential information
Proprietary information encompasses information (for example on products or systems) that
if shared with competitors would render a bank‟s investment in these productssystems less
valuable and hence would undermine its competitive position Information about customers
is often confidential in that it is provided under the terms of a legal agreement or
counterparty relationship This has an impact on what banks should reveal in terms of
information about their customer base as well as details on their internal arrangements for
instance methodologies used parameter estimates data etc The disclosure requirements set
out below by NRB aims to strike an appropriate balance between the need for meaningful
disclosure and the protection of proprietary and confidential information
73 VALIDATION
The disclosures of the bank should be subjected to adequate validation In addition supplementary
material (such as Management‟s Discussion and Analysis) that is published should also be
subjected to sufficient scrutiny (eg internal control assessments etc) to satisfy the validation
issue If material is not published under a validation regime for instance in a stand alone report or
as a section on a website then management should ensure that appropriate verification of the
information takes place in accordance with the general disclosure principles
74 DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS
Banks should at minimum disclose the following information at the stipulated time intervals At
the same time banks shall be free to disclose any other information they consider important for its
stakeholders as and when they consider necessary beyond the prescribed requirements
a Banks should provide the following disclosures as at end of each financial year along with the
annual financial statements
1 Capital structure and capital adequacy
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount maturity amount raised during the year and amount eligible to
be reckoned as capital funds
o Deductions from capital
o Total qualifying capital
o Capital adequacy ratio
o Summary of the bank‟s internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to
support current and future activities if applicable and
o Summary of the terms conditions and main features of all capital instruments
especially in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments
2 Risk exposures
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk Market Risk and Operational Risk
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
RestructureReschedule Loan
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 85
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
Loss Loan
o NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o Movement of Non Performing Assets
o Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
o Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o Details of additional Loan Loss Provisions
o Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading Held to maturity and
Available for sale category
3 Risk Management Function
o For each separate risk area (Credit Market and Operational risk) banks must
describe their risk management objectives and policies including
Strategies and processes
The structure and organization of the relevant risk management function
The scope and nature of risk reporting andor measurement systems and
Policies for hedging andor mitigating risk and strategies and processes for
monitoring the continuing effectiveness of hedgesmitigants
o Types of eligible credit risk mitigants used and the benefits availed under CRM
b All commercial banks should make following disclosures on a quarterly basis on their
respective websites
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount maturity amount raised during the year and amount eligible to be
reckoned as capital funds
o Deductions from capital
o Total qualifying capital
o Capital adequacy ratio
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk Market Risk and Operational Risk
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
RestructureReschedule Loan
Substandard Loan
Doubtful Loan
Loss Loan
o NPA ratios
Gross NPA to gross advances
Net NPA to net advances
o Movement of Non Performing Assets
o Write off of Loans and Interest Suspense
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 86
o Movements in Loan Loss Provisions and Interest Suspense
o Details of Additional Loan Loss Provisions
o Segregation of investment portfolio into Held for trading Held to maturity and Available
for sale category
o Summary of the bank‟s internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to support
current and future activities if applicable and
o Summary of the terms conditions and main features of all capital instruments especially
in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments
c Disclosure requirements under this framework should also be published in the respective
websites of the banks Such disclosures of the banks should also be updated to reflect the
capital adequacy position of the banks after the supervisory adjustments under the review
process Banks that do not host a website yet are required to make the necessary
arrangements to host a website immediately
d Banks are required to report to NRB their capital adequacy computations according to the
format as specified in Annexure of this framework on a monthly basis within one month after
the end of the month or as required by NRB from time to time All such returns has to be
validated by the internal auditor of the bank If the monthly internal audit could not be carried
out it should be disclosed on the monthly returns But such returns at the end of each quarter
must be submitted with the validation from the internal auditor of the bank
In addition to the returns specified above a bank must inform NRB within 30 days of
1 Any breach of the minimum capital adequacy requirements set out in this framework
together with an explanation of the reasons for the breach and the remedial measures it
has taken to address those breaches
2 Any concerns it has about its capital adequacy along with proposed measures to address
these concerns
e Full compliance of these disclosure requirements is a pre-requisite before banks can obtain
any capital relief (ie adjustments in the risk weights of collateralized or guaranteed
exposures) in respect of any credit risk mitigation techniques
FORM NO 1 CAPITAL ADEQUACY TABLE
(RsIn hellip)
1 1 Risk Weighted Exposures
Current
Period
Previous
Period
a Risk Weighted Exposure for Credit Risk
b Risk Weighted Exposure for Operational Risk
c Risk Weighted Exposure for Market Risk
Adjustments under Pillar II
Add 3 of the total RWE due to non compliance to
Disclosure Requirement (64 a 10)
Add hellip of the total deposit due to insufficient Liquid
Assets(64 a 6)
Total Risk Weighted Exposures (After Banks adjustments of
Pillar II)
12 CAPITAL
Current
Period
Previous
Period
Core Capital (Tier 1)
a Paid up Equity Share Capital
b Irredeemable Non-cumulative preference shares
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 87
c Share Premium
d Proposed Bonus Equity Shares
e Statutory General Reserves
f Retained Earnings
g Un-audited current year cumulative profit(Loss)
h Capital Redemption Reserve
i Capital Adjustment Reserve
j Dividend Equalization Reserves
l Other Free Reserve
m Less Goodwill
n Less Deferred Tax Assets
o Less Fictitious Assets
p Less Investment in equity in licensed Financial Institutions
q Less Investment in equity of institutions with financial interests
r Less Investment in equity of institutions in excess of limits
s Less Investments arising out of underwriting commitments
t Less Reciprocal crossholdings
u
Less Purchase of land amp building in excess of limit amp
unutilized
v Less Other Deductions
Adjustments under Pillar II
Less Shortfall in Provision (64 a 1)
Less Loans and Facilities extended to Related Parties and
Restricted lending (64 a 2)
Supplementary Capital (Tier II) 0 0
a Cumulative andor Redeemable Preference Share
b Subordinated Term Debt
c Hybrid Capital Instruments
d General Loan Loss Provision
e Exchange Equalization Reserve
f Investment Adjustment Reserve
g Assets Revaluation Reserve
h Other Reserves
Total Capital Fund (Tier I and Tier II) 0 0
13 CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIOS
Current
Period
Previous
Period
Tier 1 Capital to Total Risk Weighted Exposures (After Banks
adjustments of Pillar II)
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital to Total Risk Weighted Exposures(After
Banks adjustments of Pillar II)
FORM NO 2 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR CREDIT RISK
(RsIn hellip)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 88
A Balance Sheet Exposures
Book
Value
Specific
Provisio
n amp
Valuatio
n
Adjustm
ent
Eligib
le
CRM
Net
Value
Risk
Weig
ht
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
a b c d=a-b-
c e f=de
Cash Balance 0 0 0 0 0 Balance With Nepal Rastra Bank 0 0 0 0 0 Gold 0 0 0 0 0 Investment in Nepalese Government
Securities
0 0 0 0 0 All Claims on Government of Nepal 0 0 0 0 0 Investment in Nepal Rastra Bank securities 0 0 0 0 0 All claims on Nepal Rastra Bank 0 0 0 0 0 Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA 0-1)
0 0 0 0 0 Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -2)
0 0 0 0 20 0 Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -3)
0 0 0 0 50 0 Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA-4-6)
0 0 0 0 100
0 Claims on Foreign Government and Central
Bank (ECA -7)
0 0 0 0 150
0 Claims On BIS IMF ECB EC and on
Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)
recognized by the framework
0 0 0 0 0
Claims on Other Multilateral Development
Banks 0 0 0 0
100
0
Claims on Domestic Public Sector Entities 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on Public Sector Entity (ECA 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
Claims on domestic banks that meet capital
adequacy requirements 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on domestic banks that do not meet
capital adequacy requirements 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
Claims on foreign bank incorporated in
SAARC region and China operating with a
buffer of 1 above their respective
regulatory capital requirement
0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate (Credit rating
Score equivalent to AAA) 0 0 0 0 80 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to AA+ to AA- ) 0 0 0 0 85 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to A+ to A- ) 0 0 0 0 90 0
Claims on Domestic Corporate(Credit rating
Score equivalent to BBB+ amp below) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on Domestic Corporate (Unrated) 0 0 0 0 100
0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 89
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims on Foreign Corporates (ECA 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
Regulatory Retail Portfolio (Not Overdue) 0 0 0 0 75 0
Claims fulfilling all criterion of regulatory
retail except granularity 0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims secured by residential properties 0 0 0 0 60 0
Claims not fully secured by residential
properties
0 0 0 0 150
0
Claims secured by residential properties
(Overdue)
0 0 0 0 100
0
Claims secured by Commercial real estate 0 0 0 0 100
0
Past due claims (except for claim secured by
residential properties) 0 0 0 0 150
0
High Risk claims 0 0 0 0 150
0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions listed in the stock
exchange
0 0 0 0 100
0
Investments in equity and other capital
instruments of institutions not listed in the
stock exchange
0 0 0 0 150
0
Staff loan secured by residential property 0 0 0 0 50 0
Interest Receivableclaim on government
securities
0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash in transit and other cash items in the
process of collection 0 0 0 0 20 0
Other Assets (as per attachment) 0 0 0 0 100
0
TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0
B Off Balance Sheet Exposures
Gross
Book
Value
Specific
Provisio
n
Eligib
le
CRM
Net
Value
Risk
Weig
ht
Risk
Weighted
Exposures
a b c d=a-b-
c e f=de
Revocable Commitments 0 0 0 0 0
Bills Under Collection 0 0 0 0 0
Forward Exchange Contract Liabilities 0 0 0 0 10 0
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Upto 6 months 0 0 0 0 20 0
Domestic counterparty
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
LC Commitments With Original Maturity
Over 6 months 0 0 0 0 50 0
Domestic counterparty
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 90
Bid Bond Performance Bond and Counter
guarantee 0 0 0 0 40 0
Domestic counterparty
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0-1) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 2) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 3-6) 0 0 0 0 100
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 7) 0 0 0 0 150
0
Underwriting commitments 0 0 0 0 50 0
Lending of Banks Securities or Posting of
Securities as collateral 0 0 0 0
100
0
Repurchase Agreements Assets sale with
recourse 0 0 0 0
100
0
Advance Payment Guarantee 0 0 0 0 100
0
Financial Guarantee 0 0 0 0 100
0
Acceptances and Endorsements 0 0 0 0 100
0
Unpaid portion of Partly paid shares and
Securities 0 0 0 0
100
0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (Short
Term) 0 0 0 0 20 0
Irrevocable Credit commitments (Long
Term) 0 0 0 0 50 0
Claims on foreign bank incorporated in
SAARC region operating with a buffer of
1 above their respective regulatory capital
requirement
0 0 0 0 20 0
Other Contingent Liabilities 0 0 0 0 100
0
Unpaid Guarantee Claims 0 0 0 0 200
0
TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0
Total RWE for Credit Risk Before
Adjustment (A) +(B) 0 0 0 0 0
Adjustments under Pillar II
Add 10 of the loan and facilities in
excess of Single Obligor Limits(64 a 3) 0
Add 1 of the contract(sale) value in
case of the sale of credit with recourse
(64 a 4)
Total RWE for credit Risk (After Banks
adjustments of Pillar II)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 91
FORM NO3 ELIGIBLE CREDIT RISK MITIGANTS
Credit exposures Deposit
s with
Bank
Deposit
s with
other
banksF
I
Gol
d
Govt
amp
NRB
Securi
ties
Gte
e of
Govt
of
Nep
al
SecGte
e of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domesti
c banks
Gtee
of
MDB
s
SecGt
ee of
Foreig
n
Banks
Tota
l
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Balance Sheet Exposures
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -2)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -3)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA-4-6)
0
Claims on Foreign government and
Central Bank (ECA -7)
0
Claims on Other Multilateral
Development Banks
0
Claims on Domestic Public
Sector Entity
Claims on Public Sector Entity
(ECA 0-1)
0
Claims on Public Sector Entity
(ECA 2)
0
Claims on Public Sector Entity
(ECA 3-6)
0
Claims on Public Sector Entity
(ECA 7)
0
Claims on domestic banks that
meet capital adequacy
requirements
0
Claims on domestic banks that do
not meet capital adequacy
requirements
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA
Rating 0-1)
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA
Rating 2)
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA
Rating 3-6)
0
Claims on foreign bank (ECA
Rating 7)
0
Claims on foreign bank
incorporated in SAARC region
and China operating with a buffer
of 1 above their respective
regulatory capital requirement
Claims on Domestic Corporates 0
Claims on Foreign Corporates 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 92
Credit exposures Deposit
s with
Bank
Deposit
s with
other
banksF
I
Gol
d
Govt
amp
NRB
Securi
ties
Gte
e of
Govt
of
Nep
al
SecGte
e of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domesti
c banks
Gtee
of
MDB
s
SecGt
ee of
Foreig
n
Banks
Tota
l
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
(ECA 0-1)
Claims on Foreign Corporates
(ECA 2)
0
Claims on Foreign Corporates
(ECA 3-6)
0
Claims on Foreign Corporates
(ECA 7)
0
Regulatory Retail Portfolio (Not
Overdue)
0
Claims fulfilling all criterion of
regulatory retail except granularity
0
Claims secured by residential
properties
0
Claims not fully secured by
residential properties
0
Claims secured by residential
properties (Overdue)
0
Claims secured by Commercial
real estate
0
Past due claims (except for claim
secured by residential properties)
0
High Risk claims 0
Investments in equity and other
capital instruments of institutions
listed in the stock exchange
0
Investments in equity and other
capital instruments of institutions
not listed in the stock exchange
0
Other Assets (as per attachment)
Total 0
Off Balance Sheet Exposures
Forward Exchange Contract
Liabilities
LC Commitments With Original
Maturity Upto 6 months
Domestic counterparty
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA
Rating 0-1)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
2)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
3-6)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating 0
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 93
Credit exposures Deposit
s with
Bank
Deposit
s with
other
banksF
I
Gol
d
Govt
amp
NRB
Securi
ties
Gte
e of
Govt
of
Nep
al
SecGte
e of
Other
Soverei
gns
Gtee of
domesti
c banks
Gtee
of
MDB
s
SecGt
ee of
Foreig
n
Banks
Tota
l
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
7)
LC Commitments With Original
Maturity Over 6 months
Domestic counterparty
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
0-1)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
2)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
3-6)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
7)
0
Bid Bond Performance Bond and
Counter guarantee
Domestic counterparty
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
0-1)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
2)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
3-6)
0
Foreign counterparty (ECA Rating
7)
0
Underwriting commitments 0
Lending of Banks Securities or
Posting of Securities as collateral
0
Repurchase Agreements Assets
sale with recourse
0
Advance Payment Guarantee 0
Financial Guarantee 0
Acceptances and Endorsements 0
Unpaid portion of Partly paid
shares and Securities
0
Irrevocable Credit commitments
(Short Term)
0
Irrevocable Credit commitments
(Long Term)
Other Contingent Liabilities 0
Total
Grand Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 94
FORM NO4 EXHIBIT OF CLAIMS WITH CREDIT RISK MITIGANTS
(RsIn helliphelliphelliphelliphellip)
S
N
Counterparty Categor
y
Facility Outstandin
g
Eligible CRM
Nature Gross
Amount
Haircut Net
Amount
FORM NO5 OTHER ASSETS
SNo Assets Gross Amount Specific
Provision amp
Valuation
Adjustment
Net
Balance
1 Fixed Assets 0
2 Interest Receivable on Other Investment 0
3 Interest Receivable on Loan 0
4 Non Banking Assets 0
5 Reconciliation Account 0
6 Draft Paid Without Notice 0
7 Sundry Debtors 0
8 Advance payment and Deposits 0
9 Staff Loan and Advance 0
10 Stationery 0
11 Other 0
TOTAL 0 0 0
FORM NO 6 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR OPERATIONAL RISK
Particulars FY FY FY
Net Interest Income
Commission and Discount Income
Other Operating Income
Exchange Fluctuation Income
AdditionDeduction in Interest Suspense during the period
Gross income (a)
Alfa (b) 15 15 15
Fixed Percentage of Gross Income [c=(atimesb)]
Capital Requirement for Operational Risk (d) (average of c)
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 10) in
times (e) 10
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [f=(dtimese)]
PILLAR-II ADJUSTMENTS
If Gross Income for all the last three years is negative(64 a
8)
Total Credit and Investment (net of Specific Provision)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 95
Capital Requirement for Operational Risk (5)
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 10) in times 10
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [g]
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [h=f or g)
FORM NO7 RISK WEIGHTED EXPOSURE FOR MARKET RISK
SNo Currency Open Position (FCY) Open Position (NPR) Relevant Open
Position
1 INR
2 USD
3 GBP
4 EURO
5 THB
6 CHF
7
8
9
Total Open Position (a)
Fixed Percentage (b) 5
Capital Charge for Market Risk [c=(atimesb)]
Risk Weight (reciprocal of capital requirement of 10) in times (d)
Equivalent Risk Weight Exposure [e=(ctimesd)]
FORM NO 8 NET LIQUID ASSETS TO TOTAL DEPOSIT RATIO
(RsIn hellip)
Particulars Amount
Total Deposit and Borrowing (A)
Total Deposit(as per NRB NiFa 91)
Total Borrowing(as per NRB NiFa 91)
Liquid Assets (B)
Cash(91)
Bank Balance(91)
Money at call and short notice (91)
Investment in government Securities(91)
Placement upto 90 days
Borrowings payable upto 90 days ( C )
Net Liquid Assets (D)=(B-C)
Net Liquid Assets to Total Deposit
Shortfall in Ratio
Amount to be added to Risk Weighted Exposures
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 96
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= divide)ampamp
shfdividefk6sf] juLs0f shf gf]SfgL DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] k|jfx u]sf] shf fk6sf] juLs0f
f]sf] Defljt gf]SfgLdf sfod ug kg] Jojyfsf DaGwdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf amp( n]
lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL b]xfosf lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
= shf fk6sf] juLs0f
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] k|jfx u]sf] shfdividefk6sf] fFjf jf Aofh eStfgL xgkg] efvf gf3]sf] cjlwsf
cfwfdf Dk0f shf fk6nfO b]xfo adf]lhd juLs0f ug kg]5 M
-s_ lqmo shf (Performing Loan) M lqmo shfdf lgDgfgfsf cn Id lgufgL shf kg]5g
= cn (Pass) M
-c_ efvf ggf3]sf dlxgfDd efvf gf3]sf shfdividefk6
-cf_ d2tL lbsf] lwtf]df uPsf shf tyf fk6
-O_ g]kfn sfsf] If0fkq tyf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s C0fkqsf] lwtf]df uPsf shf tyf fk6
-O_ kofKt If0f lnO k|lt u|fxs a9Ldf = ) nfvDd k|jfx ePsf] grfFbL shf
t cltlQm lwtf] If0f jfkt d2tL lb jf g]kfn sfsf] If0fkq jf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
C0fkq lwtf] fvL shf k|jfx u]df Totf shf tyf fk6 = ) nfveGbf a9Lsf] grfFbL
lwtf] shfnfO eg] efvf gf3]sf] cfwfdf juLs0f ug kg]5
= Id lgufgL (WatchList) M
-c_ dlxgfb]lv tLg dlxgfDd efvf gf3]sf shfdividefk6
-cf_ gjLs0f geO cyfoL kdf a9Ldf () lbgDd eQmfgL cjlw a9fOPsf cNksfnLg
jf rfnkFhL shf
-O_ cGo sg klg a+s jf ljQLo +yfdf lgis[o shfdf juLs0f ePsf] C0fLnfO k|jflxt shf
-O_ fFjf Aofh lgoldt kdf eQmfgL ePtfklg nuftf bO jifb]lv vb gf]SfgLdf x]sf] jf
g]6jy C0ffTds ePsf kmd sDkgL jf +yfnfO k|jflxt shf
t
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 97
-s_ lgdf0ffwLg cjyfdf x]sf klof]hgfnfO k|bfg ulPsf shfsf] xsdf klof]hgfn]
Jofjflos pTkfbg z u] kZrft k0f cflys jifsf] ljQLo ljj0fsf] cfwfdf dfq
of] Jojyf nfu xg]5
-v_ tf]lsPsf If]qdf k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] xsdf otf] cjlwnfO jif sfod ulPsf] 5
-p_ = ca jf f] eGbf a9L sdsf xndashljQLos0f shfdf kl0ft gePsf axa+lsEuml shf
-pm_ o a+sn] lgLIf0f ubf C0fLsf] gub k|jfx tyf klof]hgf ~rfngsf] cjyf sdhf] ePsf]
cfwfdf Id lgufgLdf fVg] egL lgb]zg lbOPsf shf
-C_ shf jkFhL cgkft (Debt to Equity Ratio) )M) eGbf a9L xg] uL k|jfx ePsf shf
-P_ o a+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] C0f eQmfgL cfDbfgL cgkft sfod gu]sf shf
-v_ lgis[o shf (Non-Performing Loan) M lgis[o shfnfO lgDgfgfsf juLs0f ugkg]5 M
-_ sdn (Sub-standard) M dlxgfb]lv ^ dlxgfDd efvf gf3]sf shfdividefk6
-_ z+sfkb (Doubtful) M ^ dlxgfb]lv a9Ldf jifDd efvf gf3]sf shfdividefk6
-_ vfa (Loss) M jifeGbf a9L cjlwn] efvf gf3]sf shfdividefk6
-$_ aFbf adf]lhd kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf ulPsf shf
-u_ pkaFbf -s_ -v_ df hgs sf pNn]v ePsf] ePtfklg )amp^ k dfGtdf cn judf
juLs0f ePsf )amp^ k dfGtkZrft k|jfx ePsf shfnfO a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] )ampamp
cf dfGtdf cn judf juLs0f ug Sg]5g
= cn shf DaGwL yk Jojyf
a9Ldf Ps jifDd eStfgL cjlw ePsf] rfn kFhL shfnfO gjLs0f ubf cn shfdf dfj]z ug
lsg] 5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] C0fLsf] shf ltg Sg] Ifdtf efjL gub k|jfx cfDbfgLsf] |f]t
htf shf k|jfxsf Gogtd cfwfxsf] ljZn]if0f kZrft shf bkof]usf] lglZrttf xg] uL dfq
shf gjLs0f ugkg]5
= vfa shf DaGwL yk Jojyf
efvf gf3]sf] jf ggf3]sf] sg klg shfdf b]xfosf] sg slkmot b]lvPdf Totf] shf tyf fk6nfO
vfa shfdf juLs0f ug kg]5 Mndash
-s_ C0fL 6f6 kN6]df jf 6f6 kN6]sf] 3f]if0ff ePdf
-v_ C0fL a]kQf ePdf jf () lbgDd Dksdf gcfPdf
-u_ shf bkof]u ePdf
-3_ klof]hgfdivideJojfo ~rfng xg] cjyf gx]df klof]hgf jf Jojfo ~rfngdf gePdf
-ordf_ k|tLtkq hdfgt tyf cGo Defljt bfloTjx kmf] nf]g -Force Loan_ sf] kdf sf]ifdf cfwflt
shfdf kl0ft ePsf] cjyfdf ToL shfdf kl0ft ePsf] ldltn] () lbgDd cnL gePdf
-r_ shf cn xg gsL lnnfdL k|lqmof z ePsf] ) lbg gf3]df jf cnL k|lqmof cGtut
cbfntdf d2f rlnx]sf] cjyfdf
-5_ shf rgf s]Gb|sf] sfnf]rLdf sfod x]sf C0fLnfO gofF jf yk shf k|bfg u]sf] cjyfdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 98
-h_ If0fsf] ahf dNon] shfsf] If0f xg gSg] ePdf
-em_ vlb jf l8sfpG6 u]sf] laNsf] eQmfgL ldlt -due date_ n] () lbgDd cnL gePdf
-`_ sg JolQmdividekmddividesDkgLsf] gfddf x]sf] shf csf] JolQmdividekmddividesDkgLn] pkef]u u]sf] cjyfdf
t Pp6 dxdf kg] kmddividesDkgLsf] xsdf sn Ldf sfod ug afwf kUg] 5g
-6_ l6=cf=shf (Trust Receipt Loan) eQmfgL ug] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|tLtkq vf]Nbfsf avt pNn]v
gulPsf] cGo sg gofF shf jLs[t uL k|jfx ePdf
-7_ Credit Card shf efvf gf3]sf] ldltn] () lbgleq ckn]vg gePdf
-8_ C0fLn] Pp6 ldlt jf cjlwsf] cnu cnu ljQLo ljj0f k]z u]sf] cjyfdf
-9_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 shf lnO Da4 JolQm jf +yfnfO shfdividefk6 k|bfg u]df
l6Kk0fL M of] lgb]zgsf] v08 -u_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu aeligbkof]uAElig eGgfn] k|of]hg vnfO lnPsf] shf sd
DalGwt k|of]hgdf k|of]u gu]sf] klof]hgf ~rfngdf gx]sf] DalGwt klof]hgfdivideJojfoaf6
cflht sd C0f ltgdf gnufO cGo sfodf k|of]u u]sf] lgLIf0f tyf klj]If0fsf] qmddf
klj]Ifs n]vf kLIf0fsf] qmddf n]vfkLIfsaf6 bkof]u ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf shf tyf ljwfsf]
bkof]u u]sf] Demg k5
$= cfjlws shf DaGwL yk Jojyf
-_ lstfaGbLdf k|jfx ulPsf cfjlws shf (Term Loan) sf] xsdf fFjfsf] lstfn] efvf
gf3]df Dk0f jSoftf shf sdnfO g lsTff sdsf] efvf gf3]sf] cjlwsf] cfwfdf
juLs0f ug kg]5
-_ hnljBt klof]hgf ljBt k|f0f nfOg -Transmission Line_ s]jnsf lgdf0f klof]hgf
gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfdf k|jfx ePsf shfsf] xsdf sg lstfn] () lbgeGbf a9Ln]
efvf gf3]df Totf] lstf sdnfO vfa judf juLs0f uL lstfsf] ztk|ltzt shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
l6Kk0fLMM o k|of]hgsf nflu aeligcfjlws shfAElig eGgfn] Ps jifeGbf a9L eQmfgL cjlw sfod
uL k|jfx ulPsf] shf fk6nfO Demg kb5
= grfFbL shf DaGwL yk Jojyf
b]xfosf Jojyf tyf zt kf uL grfFbL lwtf] fvL shf k|bfg ug lsg]] 5 Mndash
-s_ +yfsf] shf gLltdivideljlgodfjnLdf grfFbL lwtf] lnO shf k|bfg ug] Jojyf pNn]v ePsf] xg kg]
-v_ +yfn] grfFbLsf] shf sff]af ug cufj cfjZos Iff Jojyf If0fsf] dNofordfsg
Jojyf 9s6L aLdf tyf hfFrsL DaGwL Jojyf u]sf] xg kg]
-u_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] sg JolQmnfO grfFbL shf k|jfx ubf Totf] C0fLn] lwtf]jk lbPsf]
g jf rfFbL hfFr uL shf lIft x]sf] olsg u] dfq shf k|jfx ug kg]5 oL shf
k|jfx ubf C0fLn] lwtf] jk lbPsf] g jf rfFbL Pp6 ynLdf flvPsf] xgkg]5 sy+sbflrt
sg C0fLn] lbPsf] PseGbf a9L ynLx jf PseGbf a9L ynLx flvPsf] Pp6f ynL dfq lwtf]
fvL jf grfFbLsf] kLIf0f hfFr guL grfFbL shf k|jfx ePdf Totf] shfdf ztk|ltzt shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf ug kg]5
^= cf]e8laquof6 Ldf gfpoundg] uL u|fxssf] vftfaf6 fFjf tyf Aofh cnpk ug gkfOg]
cf]e8laquof6 Ldf gfpoundg] uL u|fxssf] rNtL vftfaf6 cf]e8laquog (Overdrawn) uL shfsf] fFjf tyf Aofh
cnpk ug kfOg] 5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 99
u|fxssf] vftf vr uL fFjf tyf Aofh cnpk ubf vftf cf]e8laquog (Overdrawn) eO lxfj
fkmfkm gePsf] v08df oL cnpk gePsf shfxdf cf]e8laquog u]sf] fFjf sd d]t aSoftf
shf sddf dfj]z uL Totf shfx hg judf kg] xf] f] eGbf Ps tx dlgsf] judf dfj]z ug
kg]5 t o Jojyfn] u|fxssf] vftfdf x]sf] dfHbft vr uL fFjf tyf Aofh cnpk ug
aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5g
amp= u|] cjlw DaGwL Jojyf
-s_ fdfGotof Ps jifeGbf a9L u|] cjlw fvL cfjlws shf k|bfg ug kfOg] 5g t Jojfo tyf
klof]hgfsf] k|s[lt cgf f] eGbf a9L u|] cjlw k|bfg ugkg] ePdf s] slt sf0fn] sg sg cfwfdf
a9L u|] cjlw sfod ugk]sf] xf] f]sf] Joxf]f vnfO shf jLs[ltsf] dodfg f] shf jLs[t ug]
clVtof k|fKt clwsfL eGbf Ps tx dflyNnf] clwsfLaf6 jLs[t ufpg kg]5 o k|of]hgsf] nflu
aeGbf dflyNnf] t ~rfns ldlt xg]5
-v_ sf]le8ndash( sf] sf0fn] ljutdf sfod ulPsf] u|] cjlw leq pBf]u jf klof]hgfsf] lgdf0f
DkGgdivide+rfng xg gs]sf] cjyfdf lgdf0f DkGg xgdivide+rfngdf cfpg nfUg] yk do olsg uL
u|fxssf] cgf]wdf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] Ps k6ssf nflu )ampamp cf]h dfGtDddf b]xfoadf]lhd
u|] cjlw yk ug Sg]5g
c= sf]le8ndash( af6 clt k|efljt If]qdf k|jflxt shfnfO jif dWod k|efljt If]qdf k|jflxt shfnfO (
dlxgf tyf Gog k|efljt If]qdf k|jflxt shfnfO ^ dlxgfDdsf nflu u|] cjlw yk ug lsg]5
t DalGwt lgsfoaf6 jLs[ltk|fKt ko6stLo xf]6nsf] xsdf clwstd jifDdsf nflu u|]
cjlw yk ug lsg]5
cf= oL u|] cjlw yk ug] DaGwdf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] sfoljlw agfO +rfns ldltaf6
jLs[t ufO nfu ug kg]5 u|] cjlw yk ulPsf shfxsf] dfls ljj0f o a+sdf k]z
ug kg]5
O= oL yk ePsf] u|] cjlwsf] AofhnfO kFhLs0f guL u|] cjlw leq sDtLdf lstfdf eQmfgL
xg] uL cnLsf] Jojyf ug kg]5 tf]lsPsf] tflnsfadf]lhd eQmfgL ug] C0fLFu sg lsldsf]
k]gfn Aofhdivide zNsdividexhfgfdivideAofhsf] Aofh (Interest on interest) lng kfOg] 5g
ki6Ls0fM u|] cjlw eGgfn] shf k|jfx z ePsf] ldltb]lv shfsf] lstf eQmfgL ug z xg] ldlt
aemg kg]5
= shfsf] kgtflnsLs0f kg+rgf DaGwL Jojyf
-_ C0fLn] k]z u]sf] lnlvt sfo of]hgfdf plNnlvt b]xfosf cfwfxdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yf
ljZjt ePdf shfxnfO kgtflnsLs0f jf kg+rgf ug Sg] 5 shf kgtflnsLs0f
jf kg+rgf ulPsf ki6 cfwfx k|To]s shf kmfOndf +nUg xg kg]5 Mndash
-s_ shf DaGwL sfuhft tyf If0fx kofKt ePsf] k|df0f
-v_ kgtflnsLs0f jf kg+rgf ePsf shf cn xg] Defjgfaf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yf
ljZjgLo ePsf] cfwfx
-u_ shfnfO kgtflnsLs0f jf kg+rgf ug lnlvt sfoof]hgf k]z xgsf cltlQm Totf]
shf kgtflnsLs0f jf kg+rgf ubfsf] lbgDd cn xg afFsL Aofhsf] sDtLdf
kRrL k|ltzt Aofh sd cn pk ePsf]
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 k|jfx ulPsf shf dWo] sf]le8ndash( af6 clt tyf
dWod k|efljt If]qdf k|bfg ulPsf] shfsf] xsdf C0fLsf] klof]hgf jf Jojfodf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 100
k]sf] k|efj tyf ljQLo cjyfsf] dNofordfsg uL C0fLsf] lnlvt sfoof]hgf cgf
eljiodf pBf]u Jojfo ~rfngdf cfO C0f rQmf xg Sg]df as tyf ljQLo +yf
cfZjt ePdf DalGwt C0fLsf] cgf]wdf Ps k6ssf] nflu C0fLn] aemfpgkg]
Aofhsf] ) k|ltzt sd cn pk uL b]xfosf ztxsf] cwLgdf xL shfsf]
kgtflnsLs0f dividejf kg+rgf ug lsg] 5
-s_ otf] kgtflnsLs0f dividejf kg+rgf )ampamp k dfGt leq ulSg kg]5
-v_ oL kgtflnsLs0f dividejf kg+rgf ubf )amp^ k dfGtdf lqmo shfxsf] nflu
Gogtd k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod uL cn judf juLs0f ug lsg]5
-u_ oL shf kgtflnsLs0f dividejf kg+rgf ulPsf ki6 cfwfx k|To]s shf kmfOndf
+nUg xg kg]5
-3_ ki6 cfwf lagf kgtflnsLs0f dividejf kg+rgf ulPsf] kfOPdf O=k|f= lgb]zg g+=
divide)amp^ sf] aFbf g+= ( sf] pkaFbf $-s_ cgf shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
-_ pkaFbf -_ -_ adf]lhd juLs0f ulPsf shfxsf] ljj0f 5sect tof ug kg]5
l6Kk0fLM
o k|of]hgsf] nflu aeligkgtflnsLs0fAElig eGgfn] u|fxsn] lnPsf] shfdivideljwfsf] eQmfgL ug]
cjlwdividedo a9fpg] k|lqmofnfO Demg k5
aeligkg+rgfAElig eGgfn] shfdivideljwfsf] k|s[lt jf ztdf kljtg ug] aGb]hx yk36 ug] jf do
Ldfdf x]km] ug] k|lqmofnfO Demg k5
(= shf gf]SfgL jfkt sfod ug kg] Jojyf
-_ o lgb]zg adf]lhd juLs0f ulPsf shf tyf laN vlbsf] nflu aSoftf fFjf sdsf]
cfwfdf b]xfo adf]lhd shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5 Mndash
shf juLs0f Gogtd shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
-s_ cn k|ltzt
-v_ Id lgufgL k|ltzt
-u_ sdn k|ltzt
-3_ z+sfkb ) k|ltzt
-ordf_ vfa )) k|ltzt
t
-c_ o lgb]zgsf] aFbf g+= sf] pkaFbf -u_ adf]lhd cn judf juLs0f ePsf t efvf
gf3]sf] cjlwsf] cfwfdf )ampamp cf dfGtdf tNnf] judf juLs0f ug kg] shfsf] nflu
slDtdf k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
-cf_ )amp^ k dfGtdf cGo judf juLs0f ulPsf shfnfO o lgb]zgsf] aFbf g+= sf]
pkaFbf -s_ -v_ adf]lhd juLs0f uL f]xLadf]lhd shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod
ugkg]5
-O_ pkaFbf -c_ cgf k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ulPsf shfsf] ljj0f cnUu tof
uL o a+sdf k]z ug kg]5
-_ Ps jif eGbf a9L u|] cjlw ePsf phf nufotsf kjfwf lgdf0fFu DalGwt klof]hgfxdf
k|jflxt cn shfxsf] u|] cjlwDd k|To]s jif dfgkflts kdf shf gf]SfgL Jojyf uL
clGtd jif k|ltzt fdfGo shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug lsg] 5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 101
pbfx0fsf] nflu sg shfsf] u|] cjlw $ jif x]5 eg] Totf] shfsf] nflu klxnf] jif )=
k|ltzt bf]|f] jif )=) k|ltzt t]gtf] jif )=amp k|ltzt rfyf] jifb]lv k|ltzt fwf0f
shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug lsg] 5
-_ ]zd h6 skf nufotsf s[lif v]tL Jojflos kdf ulg] cfFk Gtnf hgf dfd
lsjL 8laquoofug k|m6 sfutL lnrL Pef]sf8f] htf kmnkmn v]tLsf nflu k|bfg ulPsf] shfdf
klxnf] jif )= k|ltzt bf]|f] jif )=^ k|ltzt t]gtf] jifb]lv k|ltzt fwf0f shf gf]SfgL
Jojyf sfod ug lsg]5
-$_ kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f u]sf] shfsf] xsdf f] jfkt b]xfo adf]lhd shf gf]SfgL
Jojyf sfod ug kg]5 M
-s_ kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ug] dodf cn judf juLs0f ex]sf shfnfO
kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ubf Gogtd fF9] afx| -=_ k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL
Jojyf ug kg]5 sdn z+sfkb tyf vfa judf juLs0f es]sf shfxnfO
kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ubf kjjt sfod ulPsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyfdf
nuftf bOjifDd lgoldt ePsf] cjyfdf afx]s sg dfof]hg ug kfOg] 5g
lstfjGbL jf d dfls lstf (Equal Monthly Installment EMI) df k|bfg ulPsf
shfsf] xsdf shfsf] fFjf tyf Aofh lgoldt x]sf] cjyfdf b]xfosf] Totf] shfsf]
nflu kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f x yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5g
-c_ shfsf] lstf clu|d eStfgL ePsf] -Prepayment_ sf0fn] lstfjGbLsf] sd Pjd
lstf +Vof sd ePdf
-cf_ kljtgzLn Aofhb ePsf shfsf] Aofhb kljtg ePsf] sf0faf6 shfsf]
dofjlw tyf lstf sd kljtg ePdf o k|Fudf Aofhb a9] shfsf]
dofjlw tyf lstf +Vof ylkg uPdf shf jLs[t ug] dodf lgwf0f ulPsf
lstf sd 36fpg kfOg] 5g Tot Aofhb sd eO shfsf] dofjlw tyf
lstf +Vof 36g uPdf klg shf jLs[t ug] a]nfdf lgwflt lstf sd 36fpg
kfOg] 5g
-v_ kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ulPsf shfsf] fFjf lstf tyf Aofhsf] eQmfgL nuftf
bO jifDd lgoldt ePsf] cjyfdf Totf shfnfO cn shfdf kl0ft ug lsg] 5
-u_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 shf k|jfx ePsf klof]hgfsf] Aofhdf j[l4 pTkfbg Ifdtf
(Production Capacity) ljtf eO nufgLdf xg] j[l4 jf cGo nfutdf a[l4 htf sf0fn]
zdf tf]lsPsf] shf eQmfgL ug] cjlw (Repayment Schedule) df shf rQmf ug Sg]
lylt gx]sf C0fLdWo] fli6laquoo k|fyldstfdf x]sf xfO8laquof]kfj s]jnsf ld]G6 jf cGo
kjfwf lgdf0f DaGwL klof]hgfxnfO b]xfosf zt kf uL
kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf u]sf] cjyfdf k|ltzt dfq shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod
ug lsg] 5 oL kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf ulPsf shfnfO cn shfsf] kdf
juLs0f ug lsg] 5
-c_ klof]hgf lgliqmo geO ~rfng d x]sf] jf ~rfng z xg] qmddf x]sf] xgkg]
-cf_ zdf shf k|jfx ubf lgwf0f ulPsf] u|] -Moratorium_ cjlw eGbf kl5sf]
cjlwdf kfs]sf] Aofh kFhLs[t uL cfDbfgL afWg gkfOg]
-3_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] svfkfng Jojfosf nflu k|jfx u]sf] shf a8n f]usf
sf0f fljssf] eQmfgL tflnsf jf zt adf]lhd rQmf ug gSg] eO shf kg+rgf jf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 102
kgtflnsLs0f ug k]df Ps k6snfO C0fLsf] C0f ltg] lnlvt of]hgf lwtf] If0fsf]
kofKttf eljiodf C0f ltg Sg] Ifdtfsf cfwfdf kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f
u]sf] cjyfdf k|ltzt dfq shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug Sg] uL
kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf ug lsg] 5 oL kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf ulPsf
shfxnfO cn shfsf] kdf juLs0f ug lsg] 5
-ordf_ ]osf] lwtf]df k|bfg u]sf] shfnfO kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ug kfOg] 5g
-r_ g]kfn sfn] g]kfn fhkqdf k|sflzt U0f pBf]usf] kgyfkgf tyf pkoQm lgsfsf]
nflu o a+sn] hfL u]sf] U0f pBf]usf DaGwdf ljQLo If]qaf6 xgSg] ljwf DaGwL
sfolalw )amp) -sfoljlw ndash=_ adf]lhd xg] uL shf kgtflnsLs0f jf kg+rgf
ubf Gogtd kRrL k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug kg]5
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] k|jfx u]sf] shf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifaf6
If0f ufPsf] jf aLdf ufPsf] cjyfdf Totf] If0f u]sf] shfsf] nflu ug kg] shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf (Loan Loss Provision_ df amp k|ltzt 56 lbO afFsL k|ltzt dfq Jojyf
u] kUg] 5
-^_ JolQmutdivide+yfut hdfgLdf shf k|bfg ubf C0fLsf] JolQmut hdfgL sd afasf] cGo
ssf] bfjL gnfUg] DklQsf] ljj0f clgjfo kdf lng kg]5 JolQmutdivide+yfut hdfgLdf
dfq k|jflxt shfnfO klg pkf]Qmfgf juLs0f uL cn sdn z+sfkb shfdf kg] eP
f] judf tf]lsPsf] k|ltztsf] cltlQm ) k|ltzt yk uL shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug
kg]5 cGo rn crn DklQsf] If0fn] gvfDg] eO yk If0f jfkt JolQmutdivide+yfut
hdfgt d]t lnO shf k|jfx u]sf] cjyfdf If0fn] gvfd]sf] shfdf d]t cltlQm )
k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ugkg]5
t JolQmutdivide+yfut hdfgLdf k|jfx ePsf b]xfosf shfdf yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod
ug clgjfo xg] 5gM
-s_ qm]l86 sf8 shf
-v_ O=k|f= lgb]zg g+= sf] aFbf g+= sf] v08 -v_ df plNnlvt +yfnfO k|bfg u]sf] shf
-u_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] JolQmut hdfgLdf k|jfx eOx]sf] lzIff shf tyf n3 ljQLo
+yf Pjd xsfL +yfnfO ljkGg ju shf cGtut nufgL u]sf] shfdf pkaFbf -_
adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyfdf cltlQm ) k|ltzt yk shf gf]SfgL
Jojyf ug kg]5g
-3_ b]xfosf zt kfngf xg] uL k|jfx ePsf] nfvDdsf] JolQmut shf
-c_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] shf gLltdf o lsldsf shf k|jfx cgudg tyf cnL
DaGwdf ki6 pNn]v u]sf] xgkg]
-cf_ o lsldsf shf k|jfxsf nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfns ldltaf6 566
k|f]8S6 k]k jLs[t ufO nfu u]sf] xg kg] shf k|jfx ubf k|f]8S6 k]k k0f
kfngf u]sf] xgkg]
-O_ C0fLsf] cfDbfgLsf] |f]tn] shf eQmfgL ug Sg] ki6 cfwf xgkg] Totf]
cfDbfgLsf] |f]t C0fLsf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf x]sf] vftfaf6 osLg u]sf] xgkg]
fy C0fLn] clgjfokdf yfoL n]vf gDa (PAN) lnPsf] xgkg]
-O_ d dfls lstf -Equal Monthly Installment_ df shf eQmfgL xg] uL eQmfgL
tflnsf to xgkg] otf]] shfsf] clwstd dofjlw jifDd dfq xg]5 t
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 103
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] rfx]df = nfvsf] Ldfleq xL a9Ldf = nfvDdsf]
Revolving k|s[ltsf] shf k|bfg ug Sg]] 5g
-p_ otf] shf sn shfsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L k|jfx ug gkfOg]
-ordf_ v08 -s_ -3_ adf]lhdsf shf () lbg eGbf a9L cjlwn] efsf gf3]df vfa judf
juLs0f uL zt k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ugkg]
-r_ otf shfsf] ljj0f 5sect tof ugkg] 5
-amp_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] b]xfosf] cjyfdf afx]s t]|f] kIfsf] lwtf]df dfq k|jflxt shfnfO o
lgb]zg adf]lhd juLs0f uL cn sdn z+sfkb shfdf kg] eP f] judf tf]lsPsf]
k|ltztsf] cltlQm ) k|ltzt yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5 C0fLsf] cGo
DklQsf] If0fn] gvfDg] eO yk If0f jfkt t]|f] kIfsf] lwtf] d]t lnO shf k|jfx u]sf]
cjyfdf C0fLsf] cGo DklQsf]] If0fn] gvfd]sf] hlt shfdf dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd yk
shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug kg]5 otf shfsf] 5sect ljj0f tof ug kg]5
-c_ C0fL JolQm ePdf lghsf] Psf3 kljfsf bosf] gfddf ePsf] lwtf]
-cf_ C0fL kmd ePdf f] kmdsf] k|f]k|fO6 fem]bf jf lghsf] Psf3 kljfsf bosf]
gfddf ePsf] lwtf]
-O_ hUuf PsLs0f jf sfdfkmt Jofjflos s[lif pBf]u cGo Jojffo ~rfng ug
Demftf cgfsf] lnh DklQsf] If0fdf k|bfg ulPsf] shf
-O_ Ps sf]8Ddsf klof]hgf lwtf]df k|jfx ePsf shf
t ldlt )^(divide)divide( eGbf cl3 k|jflxt cfjlws shfsf] xsdf clGtd lstf eQmfgL
cjlwDd otf] yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug afWosfL xg] 5g
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] rfx]df dflyNnf] jusf] shf fk6nfO tNnf] judf juLs0f ug sg
aGb]h nufOPsf] 5g pbfx0fsf nflu sdn shfnfO z+sfkb jf vfa shfdf
z+sfkbnfO vfa shfdf juLs0f ug kfOg] 5
-(_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cfgf] shfsf] lylt x]L o lgb]zgdf tf]lsPsf] Gogtd shf gf]SfgL
Jojyfsf] cltlQm yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug rfx]df ToL yk shf gf]SfgL
ulPsf shf vftfx ki6 vnfpg kg]5
-)_ shfdividefk6 eGgfn] laN vlb tyf l8sfp06 d]tnfO Demg kg]5
l6Kk0fLM lqmo shfsf] nflu ulPsf] shf gf]SfgL JojyfnfO aeligfdfGo shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
(General Loan Loss Provision)AElig lgliqmo shfsf] nflu ulPsf] shf gf]SfgL JojyfnfO
aeligljz]if shf gf]SfgL Jojyf (Specific Loan Loss Provision)AElig sf] kdf lnOg]] 5
)= shf gf]SfgL JojyfnfO dfof]hg ug kfpg] cjyfM shf gf]SfgL JojyfnfO b]xfosf] cjyf
afx]s dfof]hg ug kfOg] 5g Mndash
-s_ shf ckn]vg ePdf
-v_ shfsf] eQmfgL lstfjGbL jf cf+lzs kdf ePdf shf juLs0f cgksf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
sfod ubf eQmfgL ePsf] xbDdsf] shf jfkt ulPsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
-u_ kg+rgf jf kgtflnsLs0f ulPsf shfsf] fFjf tyf Aofhsf] eQmfgL nuftf bO jifDd
lgoldt ePdf
-3_ shf rQmf ePdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 104
-ordf_ klj]If0fsf] qmddf b]lvPsf slkmotx Ohfhtkq k|fKt +yfn] wf u]sf] cjyfdf ljefu
ljZjt ePdf
= u a+lsEuml DklQ sf gf]SfgL Jojyf lnnfd laqmL DaGwdf
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sg shf cnL gePdf If0fdf x]sf] lwtf] a]rlavg uL afFsL fFjf
Aofh p7fpg Sg]5 +yfn] shf cn ug] lnlnfdf lwtf] lnnfdL ubf lnnfd laqmL
gePdf cfkmn] sf ug kg]]5 sf ubf lwtf]sf] k|rlnt ahf dNo jf lwtf] sf ug
cl3Nnf] lbgDdsf] Dk0f n]gf sd dWo] hg sd xG5 f]xL dNodf dNofIacuteg ug kg]5 olb
lwtf]sf] ahf dNo shfsf] n]gf sd eGbf sd ePdf sd ePhlt sd f]xL cflys jifdf
gfkmfdividegf]Sfg lxfjdf vr n]Vg] Joxf]f n]vf gLltdf pNn]v ug kg]5
t oL dNofIacuteg ubf Totf] u a+lsEuml DklQ jfktsf] sd Dk0f kdf lxfa ldnfg
gePDd n]gf sddWo]sf] Aofh sdnfO gfkmfdividegf]Sfg lxfadf cfDbfgL hgfpg kfOg] 5g
Totf] sdnfO u a+lsEuml DklQ jfktsf] gf]SfgL Jojyfdf fg kg]5
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sf u]sf] u a+lsEuml DklQdf sf u]s ldltb]lv zt k|ltzt
gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
-_ u a+lsEuml DklQ laqmL ePsf] cjyfdf Totf] DklQsf nflu lhgf ulPsf] gf]SfgL
Jojyfsf] cfjZos lxfjldnfg ug kg]5
-$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] lwtf] If0fnfO u a+ls+Euml DklQsf] kdf sf ubf tyf sf u]sf] u
a+ls+Euml DklQ lnnfd laqmL ug] DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ug kg]5 M
-s_ = nfveGbf a9L shf sd aSoftf x]sf] u|fxssf] If0f DklQnfO u a+lsEuml
DklQsf] kdf sf ubf DalGwt kIfnfO clgjfokdf sfnf]rLdf dfj]z ug kg]5
t = nfv Ddsf] shfsf] xsdf DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo +yfn] g lg0fo uL
sfnf]rLdf dfj]z ug Sg]5
-v_ cfgf] +yfsf] gfddf x]sf] u a+lsordf DklQsf] lnnfd ugkj jtGq dNofIacutegstfaf6
oyfyks dNofIacuteg ufpg kg]5
-u_ lwtf] If0fdivideu a+ls+Euml DklQ lnnfd DaGwdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] kfbzL ki6
Jojyf uL a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] lxt +If0f xg] uL laqmL ug kg]5
-3_ oL u a+lsordf DklQ sf uL ln+bf lnnfd xg gs]sf] If0f jfkt flvPsf] Dk0f
DklQnfO g lng kg]5 cf+lzs kdf dfq lng kfOg] 5g
-ordf_ oL sf uL lnPsf] DklQnfO oyfDej l56f] laqmL ug kg]5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf]
cfg k|of]hgnfO cfjZos ePdf f] sf] pkof]usf nflu ~rfns ldltaf6 jLs[t ufO
o a+snfO d]t hfgsfL ufpg kg]5
-r_ u a+lsordf DklQsf] kdf a+sdivideljQLo +yfn] sf u]sf] DklQ lwtf] If0f wgL -u
a+lsordf DklQdf cfpg cl3sf] wgL_ nfO lkmtf ubf u a+lsordf DklQ n]vfordfsg ubfsf]
dNo jf lkmtf ubfsf] dodf x]sf] aSoftf sd -fFjf Aofhsf] hf]8_ dWo] hg a9L
xG5 f] sddf g36g] uL DalGwt +yf DalGwt If0f wgLaLrsf] cfkL
jftfaringff DalGwt If0f wgLnfO dfq lwtf]divideIf0f lkmtf ug eg] of] lgb]zgn] afwf
kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 105
= Credit Sale PurchaseRe-purchase tyf Takeover DaGwL Jojyf
= o a+sn] tf]s]sf] kFhLsf]if kofKt gePsf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] o a+ssf] kj jLs[lt glnO
cGo sg klg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 sg lsldsf] C0f shf cflb vlb uL lng Discount
uL lng tyf Credit SalePurchaseRe-purchase Takeover (CSCPRP amp TO) ug kfpg] 5g
= o a+sn] tf]s]sf] kFhLsf]if kofKt ePsf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] CS CP RP amp TO ubf b]xfosf
zt aGb]hsf] cwLgdf xL ug Sg] 5g
-s_ a+sdivideljQLo +yfn] CS CP RP amp TO uL lng cl3sf] cjyfdf d]t o a+sn] tf]s]sf]
kFhLsf]if sfod u]sf] xg kg]5
-v_ CS CP RP amp TO uL lng]dividelbg] DaGwdf a+sdivideljQLo +yfn] cfgf] shf gLltdf ki6
Jojyf ug kg]5 cGoyf Totf] sff]af ug kfOg] 5g
-u_ cflys jifsf] clGtd dlxgfdf CS CP RP amp TO DaGwL sfo ug kfOg] 5g
-3_ shf vlb (Credit Purchase) ubf f] shf u|fxsaf6 cnpk ug Sg] clwsf vlb
ug]n] lng kg]5 f] sfosf] nflu DalGwt u|fxssf] xdlt d]t lng kg]5
-c_ shf vlb uL lng]n] f] vlb u]sf] shfnfO cfgf] lxfadf DalGwt zLifssf]
shf fk6 pkndashzLifsdf n]vfIacuteg ug kg]5
-cf_ shfsf] zt cjyfsf] ljt[t ljj0f lnP dfq shf vlb ug kg]5
-O_ shf vlb uL lng] a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] DalGwt C0fLn] shf lnPsf] ldlt
shfsf] lsld eQmfgL cjyf ljutsf] shf sff]afsf] cjyf hdfgtstfsf]
xlot shf juLs0fsf] lylt cflb ljj0fx lnlvt kdf lng kg]5
-O_ shf vlb ug] a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] shf juLs0fsf] ljBdfg Jojyf tyf shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf adf]lhdsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
-p_ shf vlb uL ln+bf otf] shf lIft x]sf] tyf +yfnfO kmfObfhgs ePdivide
gePsf] af] olsg xg] cfwf vNg] sfuhftx DalGwt shf kmfOndf cBfjlws
ug kg]5
-ordf_ CS CP RP amp TO sff]afsf] cwjflifs ljj0f cwjflifs cjlw dfKt ePsf] ldltn]
lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5
= a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] oL shf vlbdividelaqmL (Purchase and Sale) ubf sy+sbflrt vlbstf
+yfn] shf p7fpg gs]df f] shf kgM cfkmFn] vlb ug] (Credit Repurchase) zt x]sf]
cjyfdf laqmLstf +yfn] Totf] shf Repurchase gu~h]n Contingent Liability sf] kdf
cfgf] ljQLo ljj0fsf] Defljt bfloTj n]vf DaGwL l6Kk0fLsf] cgrLdf b]vfpgkg]
otf] Contingent Liability nfO kFhLsf]if u0fgf ug] k|of]hgsf] nflu )) k|ltzt dfq hf]lvd ef
k|bfg ug kg]5
$= sg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxaLr cGt a+s sff]af cGtut lbPsf] fk6L jf csf] a+s jf
ljQLo +yfdf fv]sf] lgIf]k dodf cn pk xg gs]sf] cjyfdf Totf] fk6L jf lgIf]ksf]
fFjf tyf Aofh cn pk ug] k|of]hgsf] nflu fk6L jf lgIf]k lng] DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo
+yfn] k|jfx u]sf] shf vlb ug OR5s fk6L lbg] jf lgIf]k fVg] a+s jf ljQLo +yfn]
DalGwt u|fxssf] xdltdf o a+ssf] kj jLs[lt lnO b]xfosf k|lqmof cjnDag uL shf
vlb ug Sg] 5M
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 106
-s_ shf vlb ubf sn cn pk ug afFsL fFjf tyf Aofh sdsf] bf]Jj eGbf sd gxg]
uL shf vlb ug kg]5
-v_ shf vlb ug] shf laqmL ug] +yf aLr cfkL dembfLdf oyflyltdf shf vlb
tyf laqmL ug kg]5
-u_ shf vlb ubf cf+lzs eQmfgL ug] uL sg lsldn] shf vlb ug kfOg] 5g
= ljQLo hdfgtsf] cfwfdf shf lbg tyf lgIf]k jLsf ug gkfpg] DaGwL Jojyf
jb]zdf yfkgf eO ~rfngdf x]sf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] hfL u]sf] ljQLo hdfgt (Financial
Guarantee) sf cfwfdf sg klg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] shfljwf lbg tyf lgIf]k jLsf ug kfpg]
5g t aeligvAElig tyf aeliguAElig jusf ljQLo +yfsf] hdfgtdf jfl0fHo a+sn] hdfgt tyf k|lttkq hfL
ug afwf kg] 5g
$= lgIf]k fVg tyf shfsf] sff]af ug] DaGwdf
= Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp afx]s cGo
k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd art klrfng tyf shfsf] sff]af ulx]sf +yfdf lgIf]k fVg tyf
shfsf] sff]af ug kfOg] 5g
= a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp afx]s cGo k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd art klrfng
tyf shfsf] sff]af ulx]sf +yfn] o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf
lgIf]k fVg lgIf]k lbsf] lwtf]df shf lng pkoQm pkaFbf sf] Jojyfn] afwf kUg]5g
t oL lgIf]k lbsf] lwtf]df shf lb+bf hg a+sdivideljQLo +yfdf lgIf]k fv]sf] xf] f]xL
a+sdivideljQLo +yfaf6 dfq Totf] shf k|bfg ug kg]5
= Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] d2tL lgIf]k lb sfL If0fkqsf] lwtf]df shf
k|jfx ubf c+lst Aofhb -Coupon Rate_ eGbf sd Aofhb gxg] uL +yfsf] shf gLlt
lgb]lzsfsf] kllwleq x] shfdividefk6 pknAw ufpg Sg]5g
= Margin Lending k|s[ltsf] ]o If0f fvL k|jfx xg] shfsf DaGwdf
-s_ lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahfdf rLs[t +yfsf] ]osf] lwtf]df a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 k|jfx xg]]
dflhg k|s[ltsf] shfsf DaGwdf b]xfosf zt kfngf u] dfq f] cgfsf] shf k|bfg ug
lsg]5
-_ oL k|jfx xg] shfsf] xsdf If0f afkt flvg] ]osf] dNofIacuteg ubf g]kfn 6s
PSr]Gh lnld6]8af6 k|sflzt kl5Nnf] ) sfo lbgsf] clGtd dNosf] cft dNo jf
]osf] k|rlnt ahf dNodWo] hg sd xG5 f] sdsf] a9Ldf amp) k|ltzt sdDd
dfq ]o lwtf] shf k|jfx ug lsg]5 Psk6s k|jfx uls]sf] otf] shfsf] If0fdf
x]sf] ]osf] kgdNofIacuteg uL f]sf] cfwfdf yk shf Ldf sfod ug jf yk shf
k|bfg ug kfOg] 5g
-_ ]osf] ahf dNodf xg] kljtgsf] sf0fn ] z]o lwtf] If0fsf] dNodf sdL cfPdf
DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] f] sf] dNo cgudg uL yk lwtf]sf] nflu C0fL
u|fxsnfO lrt ug kg]5 Margin Call ubf pQm ]odf k|fKt xg] olsg ePsf] xsk|b
af]g z]ox rLs0f gePsf] cjyfdf d]t lwtf]df flvPsf] ]o +Vofdf u0fgf ug
lsg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 107
-_ oL k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] cjlw Ps jifeGbf a9L xg] 5g ]osf] lwtf]df dflhg
k|s[ltsf] shf pkef]u ulx]sf C0fLn] cfkmn] lnPsf] shfsf] Dk0f aSoftf Aofh
eQmfgL uL shf lgoldt x]sf] cjyfdf Totf] shf gjLs0f ug lsg]5
t cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] nflu yk If0fjk C0fLn] lbPsf] ]o
lwtf]sf] xsdf of] Jojyf nfu xg] 5g DalGwt a+sdivideljQLo +yfn] shf k|of]hgsf
DaGwdf cfjZos rgf tYof+s ljj0f DalGwt shf kmfOndf cBfjlws u]sf]
xgkg]5 f] DaGwdf yk lwtf] If0fjk lnOg] Totf] ]o cltlQm lwtf]sf] kdf
dfq xg] 5
-$_ b]xfosf cjyfdf x]sf +yfxsf] ]osf] lwtf]df shf k|bfg ug kfOg] 5g
-s_ o a+saf6 dofu|t 3f]if0ff ePsf jf lgb]zg adf]lhd kFhL sf]if cgkft sfod
gu]sf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfx
-v_ g]6jy C0ffTds ePsf +yfx
-u_ g]kfn 6s PSr]Gh lnld6]8n] rLs0faf6 x6fOPsf (Delisted) +yfx
-3_ cflys jif dfKt ePsf] Ps jif cjlw kf xFbf d]t clGtd n]vf kLIf0f gug]
+yfx
-_ lwtf]kq ljlgdo ahfdf lrs[t +yfxsf] ]osf] lwtf]df shf k|bfg ug] DaGwdf a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfsf] cfgf] shf gLltdividelgb]lzsfdf ki6 Jojyf eO cGo shf k|bfg u]
x cjnDag ug kg] Dk0f k|ls|of kf u]sf] xg kg]5
-^_ otf] dflhg k|s[ltsf ] shf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfgf] k|fylds kFhL (Core Capital) sf]
a9Ldf $) k|ltztDd dfq k|jfx ug Sg]5g o k|of]hgsf] nflu k|fylds kFhL (Core
Capital) eGgfn] 7Ls cl3Nnf] qodfsf] cfGtls n]vfkLIf0f ePsf] ljQLo ljj0fsf]
cfwfdf sfod xg cfPsf] k|fylds kFhL Demg kb5
-amp_ lwtf]kq JojfoLn] ug] Margin Trading DaGwL sff]jf k|rlnt sfggL Jojyfsf] cwLgdf
xL g]kfn lwtf]kq jf]8sf] gLltdividelgb]zg cgk ugkg] 5 Totf] lwtf]kq JojfoLnfO
g]kfn 6s PSr]~h lnld6]8sf] lkmfldf o asaf6 g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf]
bkmf amp^ df ePsf] Jojyf adf]lhd jLs[lt k|bfg ulg]5
-v_ a+s tyf ljQLo +Yffn]] lwtf] If0f lnPsf] ]osf DaGwdf M
= Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] ]o cfkmn] sf uL shf cnL ug kfOg]
5g
^= a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] +yfks ]o lwtf]aGws fvL shf k|jfx ug] DaGwdf
b]xfosf ztx kf uL a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxsf] +yfks ]o lwtf]aGws fvL shf k|jfx ug
lsg]5
-s_ +yfks ]o lwtf] fvL shf k|jfx ubf cfOkg] hf]lvd lgoGq0f Pjd Jojyfkg ug] cfjZos
pkfox cjnDag ug kg]5
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] k|ltzt eGbf a9L +yfks ]o wf0f u]sf
+yfksdivide+yfks dxsf ]owgLxiquestn] cfkmn] wf0f u]sf] +yfks ]odWo] ) k|ltzt
eGbf a9L ]o lwtf] fvL shf lng kfpg] 5gg lwtf] f]Ssf uL clen]v fVg] a+s jf ljQLo
+yfn] o Jojyfsf] kfngf xg] uL dfq lwtf] f]Ssf fVgkg]5
-u_ sg klg Ohfhtkq k|fKt +yfsf] k|ltzt jf f] eGbf a9L ]o wf0f ug] +yfks
]owgLn] o a+ssf] jLs[lt lnP dfq cfkmgf] gfdsf] ]o cGo a+sdf lwtf]aGws fVg jf
laqmL ug Sg]5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 108
-3_ aFbf -u_ cgfsf] jLs[lt dfu ubf hg +yfsf] ]o lwtf] flvg] xf] f] +yfn] lghsf] ]o
jfldTj tyf lwtf] x] gx]sf] ljj0f d]t k]z uL jLs[lt dfu ug kg]5
-ordf_ +yfks ]osf] lwtf]df shf k|jfx ug] k|of]hgsf nflu If0f afkt flvg] ]osf] dNofIacuteg
ubf fwf0f ]osf] +kl5Nnf] ) sfo lbgsf] cft dNosf] a9Ldf ) k|ltzt dNo jf
+yfks ]osf] clGtd sff]afsf] dNodWo] hg sd xG5 f]sf] cfwfdf dNo sfod ug kg]5
oL sfod ulPsf] dNosf] a9Ldf ) k|ltzt sdDd dfq shf lbg lsg] 5 Psk6s
k|jfx uls]sf] otf] shfsf] If0fdf x]sf] ]osf] kgdNofIacuteg uL f] sf] cfwfdf yk shf
Ldf sfod ug jf yk shf k|bfg ug kfOg] 5g t ahf dNo sd eO shf clIft
ePsf] cjyfdf yk If0fsf] Jojyf ug kg]5
-r_ +yfks ]o lwtf]aGws fvL shf k|jfx ubf Totf] ]onfO u a+lsEuml DklQ (Non-Banking
Asset) df nhfg kfOg] 5g oL lwtf]jGws flvPsf] +yfks ]o eQmfgL cjlw gf3]sf] ^
dlxgfleq k|rlnt sfgg o a+ssf] lgb]zgsf] cwLgdf xL laqmL uL Sg kg]5
-5_ +yfks ]o lwtf]aGws fvL shf k|jfx ePsf] cjyfdf Totf] shfsf] eQmfgL cjlw ls6fg
ug kg]5 Totf] cjlw Ps jif eGbf a9L xg] 5g
-h_ +yfks ]o lwtf] aGws fvL shf k|jfx ubf Totf] shfsf] gjLs0f tyf kg+rgf
kgtflnsLs0f ug kfOg] 5g t )= k|ltztDd +yfks ]o jfldTj x]sf +yfksn]
]o lwtf] fvL shf pkof]u ulx]sf] ePdf shfsf] Dk0f aSoftf Aofh eQmfgL eO shf
lgoldt x]sf] cjyfdf Totf] shf gjLs0f ug afwf kg] 5g
-em_ +yfks ]o lwtf]aGws fvL shf k|jfx ubf cn shf afx]s cGo cjyfdf ztk|ltzt
shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug kg]5
-`_ tf]lsPsf] eQmfgL cjlwdf shf rQmf gu]df +yfksdivide~rfnsnfO sfnf]rLdf dfj]z ugkg]
sf0f lxt lbgsf] rgf lbO tTkZrft amp lbgleq clgjfo kdf sfnf]rLdf fVg shf
rgf s]Gb|nfO lkmfl ug kg]5 f] DaGwL JojYff shf k|jfx ubf g C0fLnfO shf
Demftf (Loan Deed) df pNn]v ug kg]5
-6_ dfly -s_ b]lv -`_ Dd plNnlvt Jojyfx a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] cfgf] shf gLltdivide
ljlgoddf ki6 kdf pNn]v ug kg]5
amp= a+s hdfgt -Bank Guarantee_ DaGwdf
-s_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] hfL u]sf as hdfgt (Bank Guarantee) afktsf] sd Beneficiary
nfO eQmfgL lbg kg] cjyfdf dfu bfjL k]sf] ft sfo lbgleq eQmfgL lbOSg kg]5 fy
International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantee -758 (URDG-758)
cGtut hfL a+s hdfgtxsf] xsdf eg] URDG df ePsf Jojyfxsf] cwLgdf xL eQmfgL
DaGwL lg0fo ug kg]5
-v_ ofL bfjL k]sf] ft sfo lbgleqdf a+s hdfgt hfL ug] +yfn] Beneficiary nfO eQmfgL
lbg kg] cjyfdf kofKt cfwf lagf eQmfgL gu]df DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +Yffsf] o
a+sdf x]]sf] vftfdivide o a+sn] cfb]z lbPsf] a+ssf] vftfaf6 ssectf uL DalGwt Beneficiary nfO
eQmfgL ug lsg] 5
-u_ oL eQmfgLsf nflu bfjL k]sf] hdfgt afktsf] Defljt bfloTjnfO kFhLsf]ifsf] cgkft
u0fgf ug] k|of]hgsf nflu )) k|ltztn] hf]lvd ef k|bfg ug kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 109
= cGta+s sff]afdividefk6LdividenufgL DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] Pscfkdf k|bfg ug] fk6LnfO lgoldt shf fk6 -Regular Credit Facility_
sf] kdf geO cGta+s sff]afdividefk6L -Interbank TransactionsBorrowings_ sf] kdf dfq k|of]u ug
kfOg]5 cGta+s fk6Lsf] cjlw a9Ldf amp lbgDd dfq xg]5
(= jLs[t efuf]lns sfoIf]qleq dfq shf k|jfx ugkg] DaGwdf
xfokr]h shf afx]s crn DklQ lwtf] fvL shf k|jfx ubf Totf] shfsf] lwtf]
klof]hgfdivideJojfo cfgf] efuf]lns sfoIf]qleq xgkg]5 efuf]lns sfoIf]q aflx ePsf] Totf] shf
cnL gePDd zt k|ltzt shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
)= l6=cf=shf (Trust Receipt Loan) DaGwdf
6laquoi6 llK6 shf (TR Loan) laN l8sfplG6Euml jf Tot k|s[ltsf cfoft shf k|bfg ubf clwstd
) lbgDdsf] cjlwsf nflu dfq shf k|jfx ug kfOg]]5
= r]ssf] lwtf]divideIf0fdf shf k|jfx ug gkfOg] DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sg klg lsldsf] r]ssf] lwtf]divideIf0fdf shf k|jfx ug kfOg] 5g fy
jb]zL r]ssf] lSnolEuml f]lx lbg ug lsg] ePsf]n] otf r]s vlb ug kfOg] 5g
= ljb]zL lwtf]divideIf0fdf shf k|jfx ug gkfOg] DaGwdf
Ohfhtkq k|fKt +yfn] xs sfod ug glsg] lsldsf] ljb]zdf x]sf] lwtf]divideIf0fdf shf k|jfx
ug kfOg] 5g
= clwljsif -Overdraft_ nufotsf k|of]hg gvn]sf JolQmut shfsf] DaGwdf
-c_ a+s tyf ljQLo +Yffxn] lglZrt k|of]hg gvn]sf clwljsif shf (Overdraft) lwtf] shf
(Mortgage Loan) DklQ shf (Property Loan) JolQmut cfjlws shf -Personal Term Loan)
]osf] lwtf]df k|bfg ulPsf] shf nufot hgs zLifssf JolQmut shfx k|lt u|fxs = )
nfvDd dfq k|jfx ug Sg]5g
t Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cfg d2tL lgIf]k lb g rfFbL Pj+ g]kfn sf jf g]kfn fi6laquo
a+ssf] C0fkqsf] lwtf]df shf k|bfg ug zt k|ltzt gub dflhgdf hdfgt hfL ug o
Jojyfn] afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
-cf_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] )ampamp cf dfGtDd otf] shf pkaFbf -c_ df tf]lsPsf] LdfeGbf
a9L k|jfx u]sf] ePdf )amp( cf dfGtleq qmlds kdf tf]lsPsf] Ldfleq NofOSg kg]5
-O_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] lglZrt k|of]hg gvn]sf JolQmut shfsf] ljj0f g]=f=a +s lgb]zg kmf=g+=
=$ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf tof uL qodf dfKt ePsf] lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt
klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
$= C0fLn] yfoL n]vf gDa lnPsf] xgkg] DaGwdf
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] 5sectf 5sect jf Psdi6 uL = ) nfv jf f] eGbf a9L sdsf] shf sg
JolQmnfO k|jfx ug k]df Totf] JolQmn] clgjfo kdf yfoL n]vf gDa -PAN_ lnPsf] xgkg]5 fy
PsLs[t lgb]zgsf] lgb]zg g+ sf] jbf g+ ^ cgf C0fL Pp6 dx cGtut kg] ePdf Totf] dxn]
= ) nfv jf f] eGbf a9L sdsf] shf lnPsf] cjyfdf pQm dx cGtutsf] sg JolQmnfO =
) nfv eGbf sd sdsf] shf k|jfx ugk]sf] cjyfdf d]t clgjfo kdf yfoL n]vf gDa -
PAN_ lnPsf] xgkg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 110
= Risk taker -~rfns k|dv sfosfL clws[t jf Jojyfkg txsf] kbflwsfL_ nfO k|jfx xg] shf
DaGwdf
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] csf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf ~rfns k|dv sfosfL clws[t jf pRr
Jojyfkg txsf] kbflwsfLnfO lzIff shf xfo kr]h shf 3 shf jf 3foL k|of]hgsf
fdu|L shf afx]s lghxsf] JolQmut gfddf cGo sg lsldsf shf k|jfx ug Sg] 5gg
t sfL C0fkq d2tL lb grfFbLsf] lwtf]df jf Credit Card shf lng o Jojyfn]
afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
ki6Ls0fM pRr Jojyfkg txsf] kbflwsfL eGgfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] k|dv sfosfL clws[t eGbf
bO tx dlgDdsf] kb wf0f u]sf] kbflwsfLnfO hgfpFg]5
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] sgklg Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf sfosfL k|dv jf Jojyfkg txsf]
kbflwsfLsf] clwsf+z jfldTj x]sf] kmd sDkgL jf +yfdf sg klg lsldsf] shf k|jfx ug
Sg] 5gg of] lgb]zg hfL xgkj k|jfx eOs]sf] shfsf] xsdf eQmfgL cjlw dfKt eO
s]kl5 gjLs0f ug kfOg] 5g o k|of]hgsf] nflu clwsf+z jfldTj eGgfn] ) k|ltzt eGbf
a9L jfldTj ePsf] kmd sDkgL jf +yf Demg kb5
^= PsfpG6k]oL r]s dfkmt shf sd lgsff ug kg] DaGwdf
sg klg sDkgLdividekmd jf +ul7t +3divide+yfnfO jLs[t shfsf] sd lgsff ubf DalGwt
a+sdivideljQLo +yfdf g vftf vf]nL hDdf ug kg]5 f] afx]ssf] cjyfdf C0fL sDkgLdividekmd jf
+ul7t +3divide+yfsf] gfddf PsfpG6k]oL r]sdividekqdivideljBtLo dfWodaf6 f]em DalGwt C0fLsf] vftfdf
hDdf xg] uL shf sd lgsff ug kg]5
amp= kofj0fLo tyf fdflhs hf]lvdsf] ljZn]if0f u] dfq shf k|jfx ug] DaGwdf
-s_ Ohfhtkq k|fKt +yfxn] shf nufgL ugkj klof]hgfdivide pBf]usf] yfkfgf ugsf] nflu Ohfht
dividecgdltdividejLs[lt lng Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) cfjZos kg] klof]hgfdivide pBf]usf] xsdf DalGwt lgsfoaf6 f] k|lta]bg
jLs[t ePsf] cfwfdf tyf IEE EIA cfjZos gxg] klof]hgfdivide pBf]usf] xsdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yf cfkmn] shf nufgL ugkj kofj0fLo k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f uL shf k|jfx ugkg]5
-v_ o DaGwdf jftfj0f +If0f P]g )amp^ jftfj0f +If0f lgodfjnL )amp^ gtd P]g )amp$
tyf cGo k|rlnt sfggdf ePsf Jojyfsf fy a+saf6 hfL Guideline On Environmental amp
Social Risk Management (ESRM) For Banks And Financial Institution 2018 sf] kfngf xg]uL
Ohfhtkq k|fKt +yfn] cfjZos gLlt thdf uL dfubzgn] pNn]v u] cgfsf jftfj0f
tyf fdflhs fdflhs hf]lvd d]tsf] ljZn]if0f uL shf dNof+sg ug]] f]xL adf]lhd
cgudg tyf lkf]l6ordf ug] Jojyf ug kg]5
-u_ Guideline On Environmental amp Social Risk Management (ESRM) For Banks And Financial
Institution 2018 sf] cgrL adf]lhdsf] k|lta]bg cflys jif dfKt ePsf] ) lbg leq
DalGwt kla]If0f ljefudf k]z ulSgkg]5
= s[lif shfsf] eQmfgL tflnsf DaGwdf
s[lif shfsf] lstf cnL DaGwL eQmfgL tflnsf lgdf0f ubf lsfgn] pTkfbg ug] afnL leqofpg]
do shfsf] lstf eQmfgL ug] do aLr s]Dd tfnd]n ldNg] lsldn] lgdf0f ugkg]5
(= hdfgt lbPsf] cjyfdf hdfgLkqdf pNn]v u]sf] sdDd dfq lhDd]jf xg]
hdfgt lbPsf] cjyfdf hdfgLkqdf pNn]v u]sf] sdeGbf a9L sdsf] nflu hdfgL lbg]
JolQmdividekmddivide sDkgLdivide+yfnfO sg klg cjyfdf lhDd]jf gufpg hdfgLkq tof ubf g hdfgL
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 111
sd C0fsf] cjlw C0fsf] k|of]hg k|dv C0fL fIfL hdfgtstfsf] gfd 7]ufgf f] sf] gfvt
nufotsf ljifox ki6 kdf pNn]v xg kg]5
)= xlnotk0f shf DaGwL JojyfM
-s_ aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Aofh cgbfgDaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig -sfoljlw = df +nUg_
adf]lhd k|jflxt shfdf g]kfn sfaf6 k|bfg ulPsf] cgbfg sd o a+sn] pknJw ufpg] 5
pQm sfoljlw adf]lhd shf k|jfx uL g]kfn sfaf6 kfpg kg] Aofh cgbfg jfktsf] sdnfO
kFhLsf]if cgkft u0fgf k|of]hgsf nflu sf dflysf] bfjL x zGo k|ltzt hf]lvd ef k|bfg
ug lsg]5
-v_ o sfoljlwdf plNnlvt xlnotk0f shfx dWo] s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shf
zLifsdf u|fdL0f OnfsfnfO k|fyldstfdf fvL )amp cf dfGtDddf jfl0fHo a+sn] )) jf
Gogtd k|lt zfvf ) tyf fli6laquootsf ljsf asn] )) jf Gogtd k|lt zfvf dWo] hg a9L
xG5 f]xLadf]lhd xlnotk0f shf k|bfg ug kg]5 fli6laquootafx]ssf ljsf as tyf ljQ
sDkgLn] qmdzM Gogtd )) )) j6f xlnotk0f shf k|bfg ug kg]5
-u_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] xlnotk0f shf k|fKt u]sf C0fLsf] ljj0f cfkmgf] j]afO6dfkmt
qdfls kdf fjhlgs ug kg]5
= s rQmfdividebflvnf k|df0fkq
-s_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] kmd jf sDkgLxnfO ) nfv Ddsf] shf k|bfg ubf jf gjLs0f ubf
C0fLFu kl5Nnf] s rQmf k|df0fkq dividejf cBfjlws s rQmfdividebflvnf k|df0fkq lng clgjfo xg]
5g
-v_ = ) nfv eGbf a9L = sf]8Ddsf] s[lif ko6g Pjd fgf tyf demfnf pBf]udividek]zfdivide
Jojfosf nflu s bflvnf sfuhftsf] cfwfdf shf k|bfgdivide gjLs0f ug lsg]5
-u_ pkaFbf -s_ jf -v_ cGtut gkg] Pjd = sf]8 eGbf a9Lsf] shf lng]dividelnPsf] sg klg kmd jf
sDkgLnfO shf k|bfg ubf jf gjLs0f ubf C0fLFu kl5Nnf] s rQmf k|df0fkq lnP dfq shf
k|bfg jf gjLs0f ugkg]5
-3_ sg klg kmd jf sDkgLnfO shf jLs[t jf gjLs0f ubf cfGtls fhj ljefusf] PsLs[t s
k|0ffnL -Integrated Tax System) df x]sf]] DalGwt kmd jf sDkgLsf] ljQLo ljj0f DaGwL rgf
d]tnfO cfwf lnO ug kg]5 fy jLs[t C0f sd tyf ldlt pQm k|0ffnLdf k|lji6 ug]
Jojyf d]t ug kg]5
-ordf_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] pQm k|0ffnLdf kxFrsf nflu cfjZos ohg]d kfj8 tyf cGo yk
rgf cfkm btf x]sf] s sfofnoaf6 k|fKt ug Sg]5g
= qm]l86 ]l6Euml
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] = ) sf]8 jf f] eGbf a9Lsf] shf pkof]u ug] C0fLnfO
shf k|jfx jf gjLs0f ubf C0fL +yfsf] qm]l86 ]l6Euml Ph]GLaf6 ulPsf] ]l6EumlnfO shf dNofIacutegsf]
cfwfsf] kdf lngkg]] 5
= lwtf] kmsjf DaGwdf
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfkmn] u]sf] shf nufgL adf]lhd cn pk ug kg] Dk0f sd cn eO
s]kl5 If0f jfkt flvPsf] lwtf] sfolbgleq kmsjfsf] nflu DalGwt sfofnodf n]vL k7fpg
kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 112
$= rfnkFhL k|s[ltsf shf DaGwL JojyfM
-_ o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] k|jfx ug] rfn kFhL k|s[ltsf shf -clwljsif
shf rfn kFhL shf Sof s|]8L6 shf l8df08 nf]g 6laquoi6 llK6 shf cNksfnLg shf cflb
aeligsAElig jusf +yfsf] xsdf xfOkf]lys]g shf d]t_ pkof]u ug] u|fxsxaf6 xg] axa+lsEuml
-Multiple Banking_ sff]jfnfO Jojlyt ug b]xfosf] lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5 Mndash
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] shf k|jfx jf gjLs0f ugkj u|fxsaf6 clgjfo kn] shf sff]af
DaGwL jM3f]if0ff g]=f=a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= =^ adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf lnO pQm jM3f]if0ff
cgfsf] ljj0f shf rgf s]Gb| lnld6]8af6 k|fKt ljj0f le8fO u|fxsn] lnPsf] shf
olsg ugkg]5
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] = sf]8 jf f] eGbf a9L sdsf] rfn kFhL k|s[ltsf shf k|jfx tyf
gjLs0f ubf b]xfo adf]lhdsf zt tyf aGb]hsf] cwLgdf xL ug kg]5
-c_ u|fxsn] Ps eGbf al9 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 rfn kFhL k|s[ltsf shf pkof]u
ug]divideu]sf] b]lvPdf To lsldsf shf k|jfxdividegjLs0f ugcl3 pQm u|fxsnfO shf
k|jfx ug] +yfx aLr Ps cfkdf kfLkf Demftf ugkg]5
Totf] Demftfdf DalGwt +yfn] k|jfx ug] shf sdsf] c+z lwtf]sf] ljj0f tyf
u|fxsn] k|bfg ug] lwtf]df DalGwt +yfsf] jfldTjsf] c+z d]t vnfpg kg]5
sy+sbflrt shf cnL gePdf ckgfOg] shf cnL lwtf] lnnfdL tyf ljjfb dfwfg
DaGwL Jojyf d]t pQm Demftfdf pNn]v ug kg]5
-cf_ DalGwt +yfn] u|fxsnfO k|jfx ug] shfsf] c+z lgwf0f ubf Stock tyf Receivables
nfO cfwf dfgL k|rlnt sfgg tyf cfgf] shf gLltdf x]sf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd shf
Ldf sfod ug Sg]5g
-O_ o lsldsf] axa+lsEuml sff]af uL shf pkef]u ug] u|fxsxsf] ljj0f g]=f=a+s
lgb]zg kmf=g+= = adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf qdfls kdf
k]z ug kg]5
-u_ = sf]8 eGbf sd sdsf] rfn kFhL k|s[ltsf shf k|jfxdividegjLs0f ug cl3 d]t cGo
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 Totf] shf lnP glnPsf] olsg uL lnPsf] ePdf shf lbg]
+yfaf6 clgjfo kn] No Objection Letter lnP dfq shf k|jfxdividegjLs0f ugkg]5 fy
No Objection Letter dfu ulPsf] +yfn] f]+u DalGwt kq k|fKt u]sf] sfolbgleq
pknAw ufpg kg]5 No Objection Letter pknAw gufpg] ePdf f] DaGwL hfgsfL kq
dfu ug] +yfnfO pkf]Qm dofjlwleq g pknAw ufpg kg] 5
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] rfn k FhL k|s[ltsf shf k|bfg u]sf] cjyfdf DalGwt u|fxsaf6 cfgf]
Stock tyf Receivables sf] ljj0f sDtLdf k|To]s tLgdividetLg dlxgfdf k|fKt ug kg]5 f] ljj0f
k|fKt eP kl5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] u|fxssf] Stock tyf Receivables sf] lgLIf0f uL Stock tyf
Ageing lxtsf] Receivables lgLIf0f k|ltj]bg tof ugkg]5 f] k|ltj]bg axa+lsEumlsf] xsdf
kfLkfdf dfj]z Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfx aLr cfkdf cfbfg k|bfg ug] Jojyf ldnfpg kg]5
Stock tyf Receivables lgLIf0f ubf sn shf Ldfsf] nflu cfjZos kg] Stock tyf
Receivables sf] dNo sd xg uPdf Totf] u|fxssf] shf Ldf kgfjnf]sg uL gofF shf Ldf
sfod ug kg]5 k|jfx es]sf] sd a9L b]lvPdf Ldfleq Nofpg kg]5
= sf]8eGbf dflysf] rfnkFhL k|s[ltsf shfx jLs[t tyf gjLs0f ubf DalGwt C0fLn] k]z
u]sf] rfn DklQ tyf bfloTjsf ljj0fx n]vfkLIfsjf6 k|dfl0ft ufpg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 113
fy Stock sf] lwtf]df shf k|jfx ug] ePdf C0f k0f kdf lIft xg] uL lwtf]df x]]sf]
DklQsf] aLdf clgjfo kn] ufpg kg]5 t aLdf cfjZos gePsf Stock x ht Iron Rod
Steel Billets Bricks Clinker cflbxdf cfunfuL xnb+uf esDk htf hf]lvdsf nflu aLdf ug
clgjfo xg] 5g
-_ u|fxssf] rfnkFhL shf Ldf lgwf0f ubf utjifsf] n]vfkLIf0f ePsf] ljQLo ljj0f sDtLdf
cfufdL jifDDfsf] cgdflgt ljQLo ljj0f u|fxsn] k]z u]sf] Jofjflos of]hgf cflbsf]
cfwfdf ug kg]5
t kl5Nnf] cflys jifsf] n]vfkLIf0f DkGg xg afFsL ePsf] ki6 sf0f lxt u|fxsn]
Totf] ljQLo ljj0f k]z xg gSg] lgj]bg lbPdf Totf] ljQLo ljj0f k]z ug dgflj
dflkmssf] do lbg lsg] 5 n3 3]n tyf fgf pBf]udivideJojfonfO = ) nfvDdsf]
rfn kFhL k|s[ltsf] shf k|jfx ubf cgdflgt ljQLo ljj0f lng clgjfo xg] 5g
-$_ aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf ljQLo +yfxn] xfOkf]lys]zg shf k|jfx ug] kfpg] 5gg
-_ sf]le8ndash( af6 k|efljt pBf]u JojfonfO rf ug xhLs0f ug] k|of]hgsf] nflu C0fLsf]
cfjZostf pBf]udivide Jojfosf] DefJotfsf] ljZn]if0f uL )amp^ rt dfGtdf sfod shfsf]
Ldfdf Ps k6ssf] nflu rfn kFhL shf pkof]u u]sf C0fLsf] xsdf rfn kFhL shfsf] clwstd
) k|ltztDd rfn kFhL shf pkof]u gu]sf C0fLsf] xsdf cfjlws shfsf] clwstd )
k|ltztDd yk shf k|jfx ug lsg]5
-s_ otf] yk shf k|bfg ubf Debt Equity Ratio Psn u|fxs shf Ldf sfod ug )amp
cf dfGtDd clgjfo xg] 5g
-v_ otf] yk shf pTkfbgnfO lgGttf lbg] sRrf kbfy vLb ug] sdrfLdividesfdbfsf]
kflgtlds eQmfgL ug] htf sfosf] nflu dfq k|jfx ug lsg]5 otf] shfaf6 a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfn] aSoftf fFjf tyf Aofh cn ug kfpg] 5gg
-u_ otf] shf C0fLn] cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ug kfpg] 5gg
t sf]le8ndash( af6 k|efljt pBf]u Jojfosf] kgTyfgsf] cfjZostf lwtf]sf] kofKttf
shf hf]lvd Jojyfkg tyf C0fLsf] Business Proposal cflbsf] ljZn]if0f uL tf]lsPsf]
k|ltzteGbf a9L yk shf k|jfx ug lsg] cjyf ePdf f] shf k|bfg ug o Jojyfn]
afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
-^_ )ampamp cf dlxgfDd eQmfgL cjlw ePsf l8df08 nf]g Sof q]ml86 nufotsf cNksfnLg
k|s[ltsf rfn kFhL shfxnfO C0fLsf] ljQLo cjyf ljZn]if0f uL )ampamp kfif dfGtDd
eQmfgL ug lsg] uL do yk (Time Extension) ug lsg]5
= = ca jf f] eGbf a9L sdsf] axndasha+lsEuml shf pkef]u ug]divideulx]sf C0fLxsf] shf
xljQLos0f shfdf kl0ft ug kg]5 o Jojyf adf]lhd xljQLos0f shfdf kl0ft gePsf
axa+lsEuml shfnfO Id lgufgL judf juLs0f uL f]xL adf]lhdsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod
ug kg]5 t ljkGg ju shf cGtut n3ljQ ljQLo +yfxnfO k|jfx ug] shfsf] xsdf of]
Jojyf adf]lhd xljQLos0f shfdf kl0ft ug clgjfo xg] 5g TouL xfokr]h shf k|bfg
ug] cgdltk|fKt +yfnfO a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] jfL fwg d]lzgL htf ly DklQ lwtf] lnO
f]sf] vlb dNosf] ) k|ltztDd shf k|bfg uL DklQsf] kf dNosf] aLdf u]sf] cjyfdf
xljQLos0f cfjZos kg] 5g
^= -_ Jofjflos s[lif tyf kzkfng fgf tyf demfnf Jojfo Pjd esDkaf6 k|efljt If]qdf
cfodns lqmofsnfknfO k|f]Tflxt ug C0fLsf] C0f ltgSg] Ifdtfsf cfwfdf a9Ldf = )
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 114
nfvDdsf] shf k|jfx ubf df]6 af6f] gePsf] v]tLof]Uo hldgnfO klg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn]
lwtf]sf] kdf jLsf ug Sg]5g
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] = nfvDdsf] s[lif pBd xtsnf tyf Lkdns Jojfo k|j4g
shf k|jfx ubf cfwf bdf k|ltztDddfq yk uL C0fsf] Aofh tf]Sg kg]5 otf] shf
k|jfx ubf df]6 af6f] gePsf] v]tLof]Uo hldgnfO klg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] lwtf]sf] kdf
jLsf ug Sg]5g fy a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf k|To]s zfvfn] ok|sfsf] shf DaGwL
lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ft sfo lbg leq jLs[t ugkg] jLs[t xg gSg] ePdf f]sf] ki6
sf0f d]t pNn]v uL DalGwt u|fxsnfO lnlvtkdf lbgkg] 5
-_ ljBt cfof]hgf lgdf0f uL ljBt lgoft ug z u]sf klof]hgfdf k|jflxt shfnfO lgoft z
u]sf] jifDd hnfzooQm hnljBt cfof]hgfdf k|jflxt shfnfO shf cjlwe cfwfbdf
k|ltzt ljGbDd dfq yk uL shf k|bfg ug kg]5
amp= skmL Gtnf lrof htf s[lif pTkfbgdns Jojfo kzkfng tyf bUwhGo pTkfbgdns Jojfosf
nflu = nfvDdsf] shf k|jfx ubf DefAotfsf cfwfdf klof]hgfs lwtf]df shf k|jfx ug lsg]
5 o DaGwdf sg ugff] ePdf DalGwt u|fxsn] ki6 Joxf]f vnfO o a+sdf ugff] ug Sg]
5g
= shfsf] fFjf tyf Aofh cn ug] Jojyf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] DalGwt C0fLaf6 n]gf sd cnpk ubf jk|yd cn pk ugkg]
Aofh sd Dk0f kdf cnpk ug kg] 5 afFsL sd fFjfdf cfjZos lxfj ldnfg ug kg]5
t kg+rgf kgtflnsLs0f ulPsf lwtf] las|L uL cn ugkg] k|s[ofdf x]sf vfa
shfxsf] Gbedf pkoQm Jojyf nfu ug clgjfo xg] 5g
(= Aofh kFhLs0f ug] DaGwdf
klof]hgf shfsf] u|] -Moratorium_ cjlwdf kfs]sf] AofhnfO kFhLs0f ug kfOg] 5g t
b]xfoadf]lhdsf fli6laquoo k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf nufgL ulPsf shfsf] xsdf o a+ssf] kj jLs[lt
lnO kFhLs0f ug afwf ku]sf] dflgg] 5g
-s_ hnljBt pTkfbg k|zf0f tyf ljt0f nufotsf phfdns pBf]u
-v_ jb]zL sRrf kbfy k|of]u xg] lSnIacute tyf ld]G6 pTkfbg DaGwL pBf]u
-u_ cfiflw pBf]u
-3_ s]ansf pBf]u
-ordf_ lrgL pTkfbg DaGwL pBf]u
-r_ bUw hGo jt pTkfbg pBf]u
-5_ g]kfn sfsf] DalGwt lgsfojf6 dgfo kq k|fKt u]sf d]l8sn sn]hx
-h_ kljTo ljb]zL db|f cfhg ug] ko6s tLo xf]6nx
-em_ cktfn
t
-c_ lgdf0ffwLg cfof]hgfdf k|jflxt shfsf] u|] cjlwdf kfs]sf] Aofh kFhLs0f ug o a+saf6 kj
jLs[lt kfOs]sf shfsf] xsdf )ampamp k dfGtDd kFhLs0f ug o a+ssf] jLs[lt
cfjZos kg] 5g
-cf_ hnljBt cfof]hgf DkGg eO pTkfbg k|fDe u]tfklg k|f0f nfOg lgdf0f gePsf] sf0f
k0f Ifdtfdf ~rfng xg gs]sf cfof]hgfsf] xsdf k|f0f nfOg lgdf0f eO ~rfngdf
gcfpFbfDdsf] nflu Aofh sdnfO vb laqmL cfDbfgLn] gwfg]sf] xbDd cf+lzs kdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 115
kFhLs0f ug o a+ssf] jLs[lt lng cfjZos kg] 5g
$)= C0f eQmfgL cfDbfgL cgkft (Debt Service to Gross Income Ratio) sfod ug] DaGwdf M
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] JolQmut k|s[ltsf cfjlws shf 3 shf tyf xfo kr]h shf
nufotsf lstf eQmfgLdf cfwflt u Jojflos shf k|jfx ubf b]xfo adf]lhd xg] uL C0f
eQmfgL cfDbfgL cgkftsf] clwstd Ldf ) k|ltzt sfod ugkg] 5
-s_ C0fLsf] cfo gtf]t vNg] k|dfl0ft sfuhft +nUg xgkg] 5
-v_ C0fLn] aFbf g+=-s_ adf]lhd k]z u]sf] cfDbfgL dWo] s ltg kg] cfosf] xsdf s
rQmfdividebflvnf u]sf] dividejf cBfjlws srQmf k|df0fkqsf] cfwfdf C0fLsf] jflifs sn
cfo -Gross Income_ u0fgf ug kg]5
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] clwstd Ldf eGbf a9L xg] uL shf k|jfx u]df f] shfnfO
Id lgufgL (Watch List) cGtut juLs0f ug kg]5
t jk|of]hgsf nflu lgdf0fdividevlb ulg] klxnf] 3 shfsf nflu sof]Uo cfosf] xsdf
s bflvnf sfuhftsf] cfwfdf shf k|bfgdividegjLs0f ug lsg]5 Totf]] shfsf]
xsdf C0f eQmfgL cfDbfgL cgkft -DTI_ clwstd ^) k|ltzt sfod ug lsg]5
$= eQmfgL cjlw yk ug] DaGwdf
-_ sf]le8ndash( af6 Gog k|efljt dWod k|efljt tyf clt k|efljt If]qdf k|jflxt shfsf] fFjf tyf
Aofh sdnfO sg lsldsf] yk k]gfn Aofhdivide zNsdividexhfgfdivideAofhsf] Aofh -Interest on interest)
glnO b]xfo cgf do yk -Time Extension_ ug lsg]5 M
c= Gog k|efljt
sf]le8ndash( af6 Gog k|efljt If]qdf k|jfx ePsf lqmo shfsf] )ampamp cf dfGtDd
eQmfgL xgkg] fFjfsf] lstf Aofh sdnfO )ampamp k dfGtDddf eQmfgL ug
cf= dWod k|efljt
sf]le8ndash( af6 dWod k|efljt If]qdf k|jfx ePsf lqmo shfsf] )ampamp cf dfGtDd
eQmfgL xgkg]] fFjfsf] lstf Aofh sdnfO )ampamp rt dfGtDddf eQmfgL ug
O= clt k|efljt
sf]le8ndash( jf6 clt k|efljt If]qdf k|jfx ePsf lqmo shfsf] )ampamp cf dfGtDd
eQmfgL xgkg]] fFjfsf] lstf Aofh sdnfO )amp cf dfGtDddf eQmfgL ug
t sf]le8ndash( sf] sf0f kgyflkt xg do nfUg] ko6g If]q nufotsf clt k|efljt
pBf]u Jojffodf k|jfx ePsf lqmo shfsf] )ampamp cf dfGtDd eQmfgL xgkg]]
fFjfsf] lstf Aofh sdsf] eQmfgLsf nflu jifDdsf] do k|bfg ug o Jojyfn]
jfwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
= pkaFbf g+= sf] v08 -c_ -cf_ -O_ adf]lhd eQmfgL cjlw yk ulPsf shfsf] )ampamp cf
dfGtDdsf] eQmfgL xg afFsL fFjf Aofh sdnfO eQmfgL cjlw yk ePsf] dofjlwleq
dfgkfltskdf slDtdf qmdzM lstf lstf $ lstfdf cn ug] Jojyf ldnfpg
kg]5 tf]lsPsf] eQmfgL tflnsfadf]lhd eQmfgL ug] C0fLaf6 sg klg lsldsf] k]gfn
AofhdividezNsdividexhfgfdivideAofhsf] Aofh -Interest on interest) lng kfOg] 5g
$= ljZjJofkL kdf kmlnPsf] sf]le8ndash( sf] dxfdfLaf6 cytGqsf ljleGg If]qdf k]sf] k|efj Toaf6
ljQLo If]qdf kgSg] c tyf pBf]u Jojfosf] kgTyfgdf nfUgSg] do cflbsf] cWoogsf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 116
cfwfdf k|efljt If]qxnfO lgDgadf]lhd juLs0f ulPsf] 5 M
-c_ clt k|efljt If]q
1= ko6g
-s_ 6laquo]lsEuml 6laquofen Ph]GL kjtff]x0f yenofl6Euml SoflDkEuml 6 ck]6 lxlnEuml ]G6 Soflgf]
dfh kf cflb
-v_ xf]6n ko6s cfjf df]6]n u|fdL0f ko6g xf]d 6] lf]6 tyf ]i6fF kofj0fLo
ko6g jGohGt cfIf
-u_ fxls ko6g M lsOEuml UnfOl8Euml jf6 yenofkml6Euml x6 Po JofnlgEuml Sofgf]Oordf
Koff]lnEuml 3f]8r9L xfQLr9L aGhL hlDkEuml lxdfn cff]x0f cjnf]sg nufot
-3_ uNkm sf] kf]nf] kf]gL 6]laquolsEuml kbofqf dfpG6]g nfO6 ~rfng s]jnsf
2= xjfO tyf ko6sLo oftfoftUgrave
3= dgf]~hg dgf]~hg kfs llqmPg DaGwL Jojfo kf6L Kofn]Ugrave
4= rnlrq pTkfbg ljt0f lg]df xn Ugrave
5= f]hufL ud]sf jf layoff df k]sf gtlds sfdbf jf sdrfL -jb]zdf jf ljb]zdf_ Ugrave
6= dnet kdf 8] un] hfg] jt -Perishable goods_ htM tsfL kmnkmn kik df5f
df bfgf bw tyf bwhGo pTkfbg c08f cflb pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt0fUgrave
7= svfkfng Jojfo Ugrave
8= kzkG5L dfL tyf dTokfng JojfoUgrave
9= tofL kf]zfs xtsnf tyf Lkdns Jojfo Ugrave
10= jb]lzs f]huf ]jf k|bfos zlIfs kfdz ]jf k|bfos Ugrave
-cf_ dWod k|efljt If]q
1= vKg] fdfg ht Knfl6s kmnfddivide6Ln 6fo 5fnf wftsf pTkfbg 3foL pks0f
cflb pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt0f Fu DalGwt pBf]u Jojfo Ugrave
2= gLlh tyf cfjfLo ljBfno pRr lzIffno tyf dfWolds ljBfno sn]h tyf ljZj
ljBfno k|fljlws lzIffno lk|ndashsn rfON8 s]o Ugrave
3= ofqjfxs yn oftfoft Ugrave
4= Ao6L kfn ng sd]l6s hL nufotsf fdflhs tyf JolQmut ]jfsf lqmofsnfk Ugrave
5= sfggL n]vf OlGhlgol+u nufotsf kfdz ]jf jf Jojfo Ugrave
6= cktfn lSnlgs gl+uxf]d 8foUgf]l6s ]G6 Ugrave
7= x]Ny ]G6 jf lkm6g] ]G6 Ugrave
8= e08f0f ug lsg] at -vfBfGg afx]s_ pTkfbg k|zf]wg tyf laqmL ljt0f Ugrave
9= jg tyf vlghhGo pBf]u Ugrave
10= lgdf0f JojfoUgrave
11= cfiflw pTkfbg Ugrave
12= 5kfO k|sfzg tyf +rf u[x Ugrave
13= lgdf0ffwLg hnljBt tyf gjLs0fLo phf Ugrave
14= kTy df6f] tyf lfsf pTkfbg DaGwL Jojfo Ugrave
-O_ Gog k|efljt If]q
1= pTkfbgdf xL fli6laquoo k|f0fdf hf]l8Psf hnljBt cfof]hgf Ugrave
2= cgnfOg -Osd_ df +nUg Jojfo Ugrave
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 117
3= vfBfGg pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f k]o kbfy k|zf]wg tyf laqmL ljt0f
ug] pBf]u Jojfo Ugrave
4= blgs pkef]Uo cTofjZos jtsf] laqmL ljt0f Ugrave
5= cfoft hGo Jofkf Ugrave
6= k]6laquof]n kDk Uof tyf kfgL DalGwt Jojfo Ugrave
7= cfiflw laqmL ljt0f Ugrave
8= lj1fkg ]jf Ugrave
9= OG6g]6 b+rf ]jf k|bfos sDkgL Ugrave
10= dlbf tyf lthGo pBf]u Jofkf Jojfo Ugrave
11= 6laquos 9jfgL Jojfo
12= g rfFbLsf uxgf tyf axdNo kTy DaGwL Jojfo
-O_ pkaFbf -c_ -cf_ -O_ df pNn]v gePsf If]qsf pBf]u Jojfosf] xsdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn]
ljQLo cjyf tyf gub k|jfxsf] ljt[t ljZn]if0f uL pBf]u JojfonfO sf]le8ndash( sf] sf0f
k]sf] c kgM ~rfngdf cfO kjjt cjyfdf kmsg nfUg] do tyf f]sf] nflu rfNg kg]
sbd d]tsf] cWoog uL ki6 cfwf lxt tLg dWo] sg Ps judf juLs0f ug Sg]5g
$= shf fk6sf] juLs0f ljj0f k7fpg] DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cflys jifsf] cf]h k rt cf dfGtdf shf juLs0f uL +nUg
lgb]zg kmf=g+= = = = cgfsf ljj0fx qodf dfKt ePsf] lbgleq o a+sdf
k7fpg kg]5
$$= vf]hL jrfpm
-_ o a+saf6 ocl3 hfL ulPsf b]xfosf lgb]zgx vf]h ulPsf] 5 Mndash
PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ sf] shfdividefk6sf] juLs0f shf gf]SfgL DaGwL Jojyf O=k|f
lgb]zg g+= divide)amp^ af6 hfL ulPsf] lgb]zg tyf f] kZrft ldlt )ampamp ebf ut]Dd hfL
ePsf o ljifoFu DalGwt Dk0f klkqx
-_ pkaFbf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf lgb]zg tyf klkq adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL o
lgb]zg adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 118
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+==
shf fk6 tyf laN vlb juLs0f f]sf] nflu Jojyf
- === === === === === dfGt _
-iquest=bz nfvdf_
ut
qodf ljj0f
shf tyf fk6 vlb tyf l8sfpG6
ulPsf laN
jb]zL
ljb]zL hDdf jb]zL ljb]zL hDdf
o
qodfsf]
hDdf
ljkGg ju cGo
ljldt cljldt
= lqmo shf fk6
cn shf
Id lgufgL
= lgliqmo shf fk6
= kg+rgfdividekgtflnsLs0f
= sdn
= z+sfkb
=$ vfa
= sn shf fk6 - plusmn _
$= shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
$= cn
$= Id lgufgL
$= kg+rgfdividekgtflnsLs0f
$=$ sdn
$= z+sfkb
$=^ vfj
$=amp cltlSt
$= Psn u|fxs Ldf gf3]sf]
$=( JolQmut hdfgLdividet]|f]kIfsf] lwtf]df
k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] nflu yk
= ut qodfDdsf] shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
= cn
= Id lgufgL
= kg+rgfdividekgtflnsLs0f
=$ sdn
= z+sfkb
=^ vfj
=amp cltlSt
= Psn u|fxs Ldf gf3]sf]
=( JolQmut hdfgLdividet]|f]kIfsf] lwtf]df
k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] nflu yk
^= o qodfsf] gf]SfgL Jojyf lkmtf
amp= o qodfsf] yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf
= o qodfdf ykdividelkmtf
(= sn shf gf]SfgL Jojyf -plusmn^plusmnamp_
vb shf -ndash$_
ldlt M clws[t
btvt
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 119
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+==
u|fxslkR5] juLs0f ulPsf] shfx tyf f]sf] gf]SfgL Jojyf DaGwL ljj0f
===============fn ==================dfGt
zfvf Zfvf
sf]8
-g]=f=
a+s
cgf
_
dx
sf]
gfd
C[0fL
sf]
gfd
klof]hgf ynsf]
7]ufgf
nufgL
divide
sff]af
ldlt
If]qut
shfsf]
sf]8
k|of]hg
cgf
sf]
shfsf]
sf]8
sf]ifdf cfwflt shf eQmf
gL
ldlt
u sf]ifdf
cfwflt
ljwf
-_
shf Jojyf ljkG
g
ju
sd
=
fgf
tyf
demfnf
pBd
shf
=
slkmo
t
k|b]z lhN
nf
yfgL
o tx
shf
k|sf
jLs[t
Ldf
-_
afFsL
fFjf
-_
afFsL
Aofh
-_
Effvf
gf3]sf]
fFjf -
_
jLs[
t
Ldf
-_
afFsL
fFjf
-_
AfuLs
0f
Jojyf
-_
sn hDdf
Mndash
ldlt clws[tsf] gfd
btvt
b|i6Jo Mndash _ lstfjGbLdf k|bfg ulPsf cfjlws shfx (Term Loan) sf] xsdf klxnf] lstfn] efvf gf3]sf] ldlt g
eQmfgL ldlt xg]5 olb sg shfsf] eQmfgL ldlt g gePdf sf]ifdf cfwflt shf ljwfdf kl0ft ePsf]
ldlt (Booking date) nfO g eQmfgL ldlt dfGg kg]5 -htMndash Uof]06L eQmfgL Forced LC rfn vftf
lagf lnld6 cf]e8laquog ePdf cflb_
_ eQmfgL ldlt lbgdividedlxgfdividefn (daymonthyear) cgf fVg kg]5
_ olb shfxnfO eQmfgL ldlt eGbf leGg cfwfdf juLs0f ulPdf juLs0f ulPsf] sf0f slkmot dxndf
pNn]v ug kg]5 -pbfx0fsf] nfluM C0fL sfnf]rLdf dfj]z ePdf Aoafo ~rfng gePdf shf
bkof]u ePdf cflb_
$_ ljkGg ju shf DjlGw ljj0fx 5sect ljj0fsf] kdf sn sd lxt b]vfpg kg]5
_ of] shf ljj0fdf Ps dxsf C0fLxsf] ljj0f 5lsectg] uL k]z ug kg]5
^_ shf auLs0fdf cn Id lgufgL kgtflnsLs0fdividekg+rgf sdn z+sfkb tyf vfjnfO qmdzM
= $ pNn]v ug kb5
amp_ of] ljj0fsf] OndashskL dfq k7fpg kg]5 xf8skL k7fpgkg]5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 120
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+==
u a+lsEuml DklQsf] gf]SfgL Jojyf DaGwL ljj0f
===============fn ==================dfGt
qm=+=
C0fL jf kf6Lsf]
gfd 7]ufgf
u a+lsEuml DklQ
sf u]sf] ldlt
sn u a+lsEuml
DklQ sd =
gf]SfgL Jojyf vb u a+lsEuml DklQ
sd = k|ltzt sd =
-_ -_ -_ -$_ -_ -^_ -$_mdash-^_
sn hDdf
ldlt clws[tsf] gfd
btvt
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+==$
======================== lnld6]8
Overdraft nufotsf k|of]hg gvn]sf JolQmut shfsf] ljj0f
===============fn ==================dfGt
-=bznfvdf_
g]=f=a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= =
axa+lsEuml sff]af ug] u|fxsxsf] ljj0f
========== fn ================== dfGt
-= bznfvdf_
l=g= u|fxssf] gfd shfsf] k|sf sn shf
Ldf =
aSofbf shf
sd
kfLkfdf xefuL
Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfx
l=g+= C0fLsf] gfd shfsf]
k|sf
jLs[t
Ldf
afFsL
fFjf
shf k|jfx
ldlt
shf eQmfgL
ldlt
slkmot
===
===
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 121
g]=f=a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= =^
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf C0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf vnfpgkg] laa0fsf] 9fFrf
ldltM ====================
-= xhfdf_
C0f lnPsf] cGo a+sdivideljQLo +yfsf] gfd aSoftf sd -ldlt_ Dofb gf3]sf] 5divide5g
= ======= a+sdivideljQLo +yf
rfn kFhL shf
cfjlws shf
cGo shf
usf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf
hDdf
= ======= a+sdivideljQLo +yf
rfn kFhL shf
cfjlws shf
cGo shf
usf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf
hDdf
sn hDdf
pkoQm adf]lhd ddividexfdLn] 3f]if0ff u]sf] ljj0f 7Ls 5 emYacutef 7x] sfgg adf]lhd sfjfxL ePdf d~hL 5
egL xL ug]M
clwsf k|fKt clwsfLsf] btvtM
JolQmsf] gfddividekmd sDkgL +yfsf] gfd 5fkM
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 122
sfoljlw =
U0f pBf]usf DaGwdf ljQLo If]qaf6 xgSg]
ljwf DaGwL sfolalw )amp)
= cjwf0ff M
pBf]u If]qsf] ljsfn] fli6laquoo cfo f]hufLsf cj lhgf k|ltJolQm cfodf j[l4 kFhL lgdf0f
nufgLsf yk cjsf] lhgf cfBf]lus Jofjflos +s[ltsf] ljsfz ub fli6laquoo pTkfbgdf j[l4sf fy
jb]lzs Jofkfdf Gtng sfod uL eQmfgL Gtng sffTds fVgdf cxd eldsf v]Ng] sf lgljjfb 5
pBf]ux U0f xg[df cfGtls jfXo sf0fx bj plQs k|efjL xG5g sdhf] Jojyfkg cj1flgs dNo
lgwf0f klof]hgf nfut j[l4 fwg |f]tsf] plrt klrfng Def gxg rfn kFhLsf] cefj sdn
u0ft cWoog cgGwfgsf] sdL cflb cfGtls sf0fdf xg eg] cflys dGbL tLj| k|ltkwf toQm
sRrf kbfy hgzlQmsf] cefj Da4 gLltdivideP]gdividelgod cflbdf clytf jf do cgf kljtg xg
gSg k|ljlw kljtg u|fxssf] lrdf kljtg ljBt tyf OGwg cfkltdf sdL C0f k|flKtdf l9nfO x8tfn
Pjd tfnfaGbL k|fs[lts k|sf]k cflb pBdLsf sfa aflxsf kllylt jfXo sf0fdf lng lsG5
pkoQm fgf tyf 7nf cxh kllyltsf sf0f pBf]ux lbgdividek|lt lbg U0f x+b uOx]sf 5g
oL pBf]ux U0f x+bf Totf pBf]uxFu k|ToIf kdf +nUg cGo pBf]ux d]t U0f xg] nufot
f]hufLsf cjx d]t uDg] xgfn] cflys fdflhs tyf k|fs[lts jftfj0fdf d]t k|ltsn k|efj
klx]sf] 5 hsf sf0f Dk0f cfBf]lus If]q g lgGt vlsFbf] cjyfdf 5 oL cflys Dj[l4sf
nflu 6]jf lbg] cfBf]lus If]q vlsFb hfFbf b]zn] 7nf] sl7gfO ef]Ug kg] cjyf cfOx]sf] 5 dnssf] du|
cfBf]lus k|j4g cflys Dj[l4df gsffTds c kL dnsleq nufgLsf] cgsn jftfj0f aGg s]sf]
5g
jtdfg cjyfdf sfL Pjd lghL If]qsf U0f pBf]uxdf caf+sf] kFhL kmFlx]sf] cjyf 5
odf klg sfL Pjd lghL If]qaf6 +rflnt a+s Pjd ljQLo +yfaf6 shf pknAw ufOPsf]df fFjf
Aofh xhfgf cflb p7g gSg] lyltdf ku]sf] lwtf]af6 shf fkmfkm xg] lylt gePsf] tyf d2fdfldnf
cflbsf sf0f lwtf] d]t a]rlavg xg gs]sf] sf0f a+sdivideAoafoL bj dofdf x]]sf] cjyf 5 pBf]u
U0f ePsf sf0f pBdLndashJojfoLsf cltlQm a+s tyf ljQLo +yfx f]hufL kfPsf gtlds sdrfL d]t
U0ftfsf] dfdf k]sf 5g Psflt 7nf] dfqfdf kFhL 8a]sf] cfgf] hfoh]yf lwtf]df kmFg ku]sf] sf0fn]
pBf]ukltxdf lgfzf 5fpg uO pBdzLntf uDb uPsf] 5 eg] csf]lt a+s ljQLo +yfxsf] jfnftdf
cgTkfbs DklQ -Non-Performing Assets) sf] kdf aiff+b]lv lhDd]jfL fg] sfd dfq ePsf] kfOG5
cfGtls tyf afXo sf0fxn] ubf b]zdf pTkGg xgSg] cflys dGbLsf] cxh kllyltsf]
dfaf6 b]zsf pBf]uwGbf Jojfodf kg] k|ltsn c sd ufpg g]kfn sfn] cf=j= )( b]lv g
U0f pBf]u DaGwL gLlt sfos|dx NofPsf]df pQm gLltnfO yk 6]jf kyenofpg o a+sn] d]t ljutb]lv
g kgshf nufot cGo gLltut Jojyfxdf nLs0f uL U0f pBf]u kgTyfgdf xof]u kyenofpFb cfPsf]
5 ljutdf U0f pBf]u kgTyfg sfos|d cGtut kgshf shf kgtflnsLs0f Aofh xhfgf 56
nufotsf ljwfaf6 ljz]iftM xf]6]n tyf cGo s]xL pBf]ux nfeflGjt ePsf lyP
pkoQm k[i7elddf lghL If]qaf6 U0f pBf]usf] kgTyfg jf kgyfkgfsf] dfu p7b cfPsf] Gbe
tyf g]kfn sfaf6 xgSg] kgTyfg sfos|dxFu b]zsf] s]Gb|Lo a+ssf] gftfn] o a+saf6 d]t U0f
pBf]u kgTyfg DaGwL sfos|d 3f]if0ff ug] Gbedf osf k|lqmofx ki6 kfbzL agfpg of] sfolalw
tof ulPsf] 5
= U0f pBf]u DaGwL dfhbf gLlt tyf sfggL Jojyf M
-s_ cfBf]lus Jojfo P]g )$( sf] bkmf =-s_ df U0f pBf]u DaGwdf ePsf] Jojyf M
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 123
aelignuftf jifb]lv 3f6fdf ~rfng eO sn pTkfbg Ifdtfsf] ) k|ltzt jf f] eGbf sd
pTkfbg ug] pBf]unfO g]kfn sfn] plrt b]v]df g]kfn fhkqdf rgf k|sfzg uL U0f
pBf]u 3f]if0ff ug Sg]5
Totf pBf]un] Totf] pBf]u ljtf tyf ljljlws0f ugsf] nflu cfoft ulg] d]lgLdf
sg dxn zNs tyf s nfUg] 5g AElig
-v_ U0f pBf]u kgshf lgb]lzsf )^) df U0f pBf]usf DaGwdf ePsf] klefiff M
Gogtd jifb]lv ~rfngdf xL nuftf jifb]lv gub 3f6fdf uPsf]
nuftf jifb]lv kfljGb (Break even) df ~rfng xg gs]sf]
= nfveGbf sd C0f lng] pBf]usf Gbedf ljut jifsf] sff]af (Turn over)
qmdzM k|ltztsf] bn] 36]sf]
-u_ cfBf]lus gLlt )^amp df U0f pBf]usf] kgTyfg tyf kglgdf0f DaGwdf ePsf] Jojyf M
aeligU0f pBf]usf] kgTyfg tyf kglgdf0f DaGwL Jojyfdf a tsf U0f pBf]usf]
klxrfg kgTyfg tyf kglgdf0f ug sfggdf Jojyf uL DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1x
x]sf] Ps clwsf DkGg pRrtlo Goflos clwsf lxtsf] cfof]u u7g uL U0f
pBf]u DaGwL dofsf] dfwfg ulg]5 cfof]usf] +rgf sfd stJo clwsf
sfggn] lgwf0f u] adf]lhd xg]5
= U0f pBf]usf] nflu ul7t pRr tLo sfobnsf] lkmfl M
U0f pBf]u kgTyfg pRrtLo sfobn )^ sf] k|ltj]bgsf] aFbf $ df U0f pBf]unfO k|bfg xg]
ljwf k|fljlws ldltsf] cWoog cgGwfg kZrft ePsf] lkmflsf] cfwfdf dfq DalGwt pBf]un] k|fKt
ug] Aoxf]f pNn]v u]sf] tyf U0f pBf]unfO k0f U0f pBf]u U0f pBf]u Pjd U0fpGdv pBf]u egL tLg
efudf ljefhg uL Totf k|s[ltsf pBf]unfO k|bfg ugkg] ]jf ljwfx k|tfj u]sf] 5
$= dlGqklifbsf] lg0foM
g]kfn sf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqklifbsf] sfofnoaf6 ldlt )^ df hfL ulPsf] tTsfn
fxt sfoj|md )^ sf] bkmf (= sf] Jojyf adf]lhd U0f pBf]usf] kgTyfg uL cfBf]lus pTkfbg j[l4
f]hufL lhgf cfoft k|ltyfkg ugsf nflu Totf pBf]usf] klxrfg pBf]un] ef]lux]sf] dof
Tosf dfwfgsf pkfo tyf sfn] pknAw ufpg kg] ljwf xlnotsf DaGwdf U0f pBf]u
kgTyfg pRrtLo sfobn )^ n] cWoog uL ldlt )^ d+Ldf emfj lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z u]
cgf dlGqklifbsf] ldlt )^((( sf] a7saf6 pQm k|ltj]bgnfO 4flGts tyf gLltut tjdf jLs[t
ub f] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt lkmflxsf] sfofGjogsf DaGwdf cfjZos sfggL gLltut +yfut tyf
|f]t fwgsf] pknAwtf DaGwL Jojyf cGo Da4 lgsfoxFu dGjo uL ldnfpg] eGg] lg0fo
sfofGjogdf 3fp kyenofpg of] sfoljlw xfos xg] o a+ssf] wf0ff x]sf] 5
= U0f pBf]usf DaGwdf ljQLo If]qaf6 pknAw xgSg] ljwfsf af]df g]kfn fi6laquo a+sn] b]xfosf]
sfoljlw tof u]sf] 5 M
oL pkoQm ljBdfg P]g sfgg tyf cfBf]lus gLltsf] cwLgdf xL g]]kfn sfaringff ul7t U0f
pBf]u kgTyfg pRrtLo sfobnn] lkmfl u]sf] cfwfdf d]t g]kfn sfn] U0f pBf]u kgTyfgsf]
nflu to u]sf] +oGqsf] dfWodaf6 cWoog ljZn]if0f uL dofdf x]sf pBf]ux U0f pBf]usf] kdf
3f]lift xgSg] cjyf x]sf] 5 g]kfn sfn] U0f pBf]usf] kdf fhkq dfkmt 3f]if0ff u]sf Totf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 124
pBf]usf] kgyfkgf tyf pkoQm lgsfsf] nflu ljQLo If]qaf6 klg dofk]If xfotf k|bfg ugkg]
cfjZostf dxz uL of] sfoljlw tof uL nfu ulPsf] 5
-s_ ljQLo If]qaf6 k|bfg ulg] xof]udivideljwf k|of]hgsf nflu U0f pBf]usf] juLs0f
= xfn rfn jf aGb cjyfdf xL kgyfkgf xgSg] U0f pBf]u
= kgyfkgf xggSg] t Dksdf xL ljQLo lgsfz vf]Hg rfxg] U0f pBf]u
-v_ ljQLo If]qaf6 pknAw xgSg] xof]udivideljwf
= xfn rfn jf aGb cjyfdf xL kgyfkgf xgSg] U0f pBf]u
s_ U0f pBf]usf] Jofjflos of]hgfnfO cfwf dfgL shf kg+rgf ug]
v_ a+ssf] fFjf tyf AofhdWo] xhfgf AofhnfO ldgfxf xgSg] Jojyf uL fwf0f AofhnfO
kFhLs[t guL 566 fvL lglZrt cjlwkl5 cn ug] Jojyf ug]
t sg U0f pBf]u kgpTyfg ul ~rfngdf cfpg] ljifo fli6laquoo cytGqsf] nflu dxTjk0f
x]sf] Gbedf shf nufgL ug] DalGwt a+s jf xljQLos0fn] a+ssf] p7g Sg] sd cn
pk ugsf nflu cfjZostf cflrTotfsf cfwfdf fwf0f Jofh d]t ldgfxf uL
Jojflos lg0fo ug o Jojyfn] afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
u_ a+sn] U0f pBf]usf] nflu kgshf lng rfx]df g]kfn fi6laquo a+sn] lgWff0f u]adf]lhdsf]
Aofhbdf pknAw ufpg]
3_ sg klg a+sn] cfgf] C0fL -U0f pBf]u_ sf nflu kgshfsf] ljwf lng grfx]df cfgf]
cfwf b (Base Rate) nfO cfwf dfgL lk|ldod yk guL shf sff]afnfO lgGttf lbg]
ordf_ shf kg+rgf ePsf] doaf6 a+ssf] gofF cnL tflnsf lgGt jifDd lgoldt ePdf
juLs0fnfO lgoldt dfgL k|ltzt dfq shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug Sg] Jojyf ug]
= kgyfkgf xg gSg] t Dksdf xL ljQLo lgsfz vf]Hg] U0f pBf]uxsf] nflu M
otf pBf]uxsf] lwtf]df x]sf] DklQ fdfGo kdf lnnfdLdf hfFbf dNo sd xg Sg]
hf]lvdnfO b[li6ut uL C0fL pBf]un] lglZrt doleq DklQ ljs|L ug u|fxs vf]hL Value
Maximization xgSg] of]hgf a+sdf k]z u]df a+sFusf] dGjodf ljs|L Jojyfkg uL C0f
N6fpg lgsfz vf]h]df a9Ldf jifDdsf] do k|bfg ug]] o k|of]hgsf nflu DalGwt
C0fLn] cflrTotf ki6L xg] sfuhft lxtsf] lgj]bg DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf k]z ug
kg]5
-u_ ljQLo If]qaf6 k|fKt xg] ljwfsf] k|lqmof
= DalGwt C0fLn] ljQLo If]qaf6 k|fKt ug Sg] ljwfsf nflu cfjZos sfuhft lxtsf] lgj]bg
DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo +yfdf k]z ugkg]
= k|fKt lgj]bg tyf sfuhftsf cfwfdf DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo +yfn] k|rlnt sfgg tyf o
sfoljwLsf] cwLgdf xL 56 tyf ljwf k|bfg ug Sg]
= DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo +yfn] kgshfsf] ljwfsf] nflu cfjZos sfuhft lxt o a+sdf
lgj]bg lbg Sg]
of] sfoljlw tof ug] qmddf g]kfn fi6laquo a+sn] ldlt )amp)divide)divide df sfoljlwsf] dofbf j]efO6df fjhlgs uL emfj
+sng u]sf] o ljifodf g]kfn sf pBf]u dGqfno-U0f pBf]u OsfO_ g]kfn a+sz +3 g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf+3
nufotsf lgsfoxaf6 k|fKt emfjxdf d]t 5nkmn eO tof ulPsf] 5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 125
$= kgshfsf] nflu k|fKt lgj]bg tyf sfuhftsf cfwfdf o a+sn] kgshf k|bfg ugSg]
-3_ ljQLo If]qaf6 pknAw xgSg] ljwfsf] nflu cfjZos sfuhft
=pBf]unfO U0f pBf]u 3f]if0ff u]sf] g]kfn sfsf] lg0fo -fhkq_
=U0f pBf]u kgyfkgf ldltsf] lkmflsf] cfwfdf pBf]u dGqfnosf] kq
=pBf]u ~rfng xgsf] nflu kjztsf] kdf x]sf cGo lgsfoaf6 xgkg] sfoxsf] nflu xdlt
k|fKt ePsf] ljj0f
$=U0f pBf]u eljiodf Ps Going Concern sf] kdf Jofjflos +yfsf] kdf ~rfng
xgSg] lylt lxtsf] DalGwt fx a+sdf k]z ePsf] Jofjflos of]hgf
U0f pBf]u ~rfng xg gSg] cjyfdf x]sf]df lgsfzsf] nflu dfly aFbf -_ -_ -$_ sf]
sectf f] Aoxf]f vnfO C0fL pBf]usf] ~rfns ldltn] tf]lsPsf] doleq fx a+s d]tsf]
xdltdf lwtf] DklQsf] ls|ljs|L uL C0f fkmfkm ug] DaGwL jM3f]if0ff
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 126
sfoljlw =
xlnotk0f shfsf nflu Aofh cgbfg DaGwL
PsLs[t -bf]|f] +zf]wg_sfoljlw )amp^
k|tfjgfM
s[lif tyf kzkG5LhGo If]qsf] Jojfo k|j4g uL pTkfbg Pj+ f]hufL clej[l4 ug lzlIft j]f]huf
ojfxiquestnfO dnsleq f]hufLsf cjxiquest lhgf ug ljb]zaf6 kms]sf ojfxiquestsf] ljb]zdf cfhg u]sf]
Lk Jojflos bIftf pkof]u ub pgLxnfO jf]huf agfpg dlxnf pBdzLn Ifdtfsf] ljsf ug
blnt dbfosf] kDkfut Lk k]zfnfO cfwlgsLs0f Pj+ k|j4g uL pBdzLntf ljsf ug cflys
iquestkdf ljkGg LdfGts[t dbfo tyf nlIft jusf ljBfyLxiquestnfO pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff
cWoogsf] nflu zlIfs C0f pknAw ufpg n3 aLdf lk|ldoddf cgbfg lbg tyf esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL
cfjf lgdf0fsf nflu d]t xlnotk0f shf pknAwtfsf] nflu Aofh cgbfg pknJw ufpg jf~5gLo
ePsf]n] g]kfn sf -dlGqklifb_ n] b]xfosf] sfoljlw agfPsf] 5
klR5]b
k|flDes
= +lIfKt gfd k|fDeM -_ o sfoljlwsf] gfd aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Aofh cgbfg DaGwL
PsLs[t -bf]|f] +zf]wg_ sfoljlw )amp^AElig x]sf] 5
-_ of] sfoljlw g]kfn sf -dlGqklifb_ af6 jLs[t ePsf] ldltb]lv k|fDe xg]5
= klefiffM ljifo jf k|Eumln] csf] cy gnfu]df o sfoljlw df Mndash
-s_ aeligcgbfg f]wegf vftfAElig eGgfn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd cgbfg jiquestk k|bfg ulg] Aofh shf
If0f zNs tyf aLdf lk|ldod sd pknAw ufpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn sfn] g]kfn fi6laquo
aIacuteaf6 ~rfng ug vf]lnPsf] vftf Demg k5
-v_ aeligpRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shfAElig eGgfn] dfWolds lzIff jf f] x plQ0f uL
jif pd] ggf3]sf] g]kfnL gfulsnfO k|jfx ulg] shf Demg k5
-u_ aeligsDkgLAElig eGgfn] sDkgL P]g )^ adf]lhd yflkt sDkgL Demg k5
-3_ aeligblnt dbfoAElig eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf jf gukflnsfn] blnt hft egL lkmfl u]sf] hghflt
Demg k5
-ordf_ aeligblnt dbfo Jojfo ljsf shfAElig eGgfn] blnt dbfonfO dxdf jf Psn kdf k|jfx
ulg] shf Demg k5
-r_ aeliglgj]bs jf C0fLAElig eGgfn] cgrLndash df pNn]lvt Jojfo ~rfng ulx]sf jf ug] JolQm
dx +yf jf sDkgL pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff cWoogsf nflu shf lng OR5s
ljBfyL tyf esDk kLl8t Demg k5
-5_ aeligaIacute tyf ljQLo +yfAElig eGgfn] g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuteaf6 Ohfht kq k|fKt sUacute vUacute uUacute 3Uacute jusf
aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf Demg k5
-h_ aelige08f0fUacuteUacute eGgfn] jb]zdf sg klg k|fylds s[lif pkh -tsfL kmnkmn hl8a6L bUw kbfy
tyf df5fdf cflb_ pTkfbg uL e08f0f ug] sfo Demg k5 f] zAbn] jb]zdf otf
k|fylds s[lif pkh vlb uL e08f0f ug] sfo Demg k5
-em_ aeligesDk kLl8tAElig eGgfn] fli6laquoo kglgdf0f k|flws0f+u lghL cfjf kglgdf0f jf k|jnLs0fsf
nflu xfnDd Demftf ug gs]sf] jf Demftf uL klxnf] lstf sd k|fKt uL bf]|f] lstf
sd k|fKt gu]sf cflys cefjsf sf0f lghL cfjf kglgdf0f jf k|jnLs0f ug gs]sf]
esDk lkl8t nfeu|fxL Demg k5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 127
-`_ aeligdlxnf pBdzLntf shfAElig eGgfn] dlxnfnfO JolQmut jf fdlxs iquestkdf pBdzLn aGg k|jfx
xg] shf Demg k5
-6_ aeligjb]lzs f]hufLaf6 kms]sf ojf klof]hgf shfAElig eGgfn] gtd jLs[lt k|fKt uL jf guL sg
klg b]zdf sDtLdf 5 dlxgf sfd uL g]kfn kms]sf ojfxiquestnfO JolQmut jf fdlxskdf k|jfx
xg] shf Demg k5
-6_ aeligsk8f pBf]uxn] lnPsf] shfAElig eGgfn] sk8f pBf]u ~rfngsf] nflu lnOPsf] shf eGg] Demg
k5
-7_ aeligljkGg ju shfAElig eGgfn] g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] ljkGg ju shf egL tf]s]sf] shfnfO Demg k5
-8_ aeligJojfo jf pBdAElig eGgfn] o sfoljlwsf] cgrLndash df pNn]v ulPsf Jojfodf gtd tyf
kFhL nufgL uL ulPsf] sfo Demg k5
-9_ aeligJojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfAElig eGgfn] Jojflos iquestkdf ulPsf] s[lif tyf kzkG5LhGo
Jojfosf nflu k|jfx ePsf] jf xg] shf Demg k5
-0f_ aeligdxAElig eGgfn] kms kljfsf sDtLdf kfFr hgf bo jif pd] kf ePsf JolQmx ldn]
u7g u]sf] dx Demg k5
-t_ aeligxlnotk0f shfAElig eGgfn] cgrL -_ df plNnlvt Jojfodf aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxaf6
k|jfx ePsf] jf xg] shfdf g]kfn sfn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd Aofh cgbfg ljwf pknAw
ufpg] shf Demg k5
-y_ aeligfdlxs hdfgLAElig eGgfn] dxsf] fdlxs pQbfloTjdf k|jfx u]sf] shf eQmfgLsf] nflu
dxsf a bon] lbg] +oQm hdfgL Demg k5
-b_ aelig+yfAElig eGgfn] k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd yflkt kmd xsfL +yf 3]n pBf]u jf n3 pBdsf]
kdf btf ePsf] Jojfo Demg k5
-w_ aeliglzlIft ojf jf]huf shfAElig eGgfn] sDtLdf gfts jf f] x pQL0f ojfxiquestnfO o sfoljlw
adf]lhd k|jfx xg] shf Demg k5
klR5]b
shfsf k|sf Ldf eQmfgL cjlw Aofhb tyf zt
= shfsf k|sf LdfM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd nlIft C0fLnfO Aofh cgbfg k|fKt xg] uL aIacute tyf
ljQLo +yfxn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf xlnotk0f shf k|jfx ug]5g otf shfsf] k|lt C0fL clwstd
Ldf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5Mndash
-s_ Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf kfFr sf]8 iquestkofFDd
-v_ lzlIft ojf jf]huf shf ft nfv iquestkofFDd
-u_ ljb]zaf6 kms]sf ojf klof]hgf shf bz nfv iquestkofFDd
-3_ dlxnf pBdzLn shf kG nfv iquestkofFDd
-ordf_ blnt dbfo Jojfo ljsf shf bz nfv iquestkofFDd
-r_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shf kfFr nfv iquestkofFDd
-5_ esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shf tLg nfv iquestkofFDd
-h_ sk8f pBf]u ~rfngsf] nflu sf]8 Dd
-em_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jojflos tflnd klifbaf6 dfGotf k|fKt +yfaf6 lnOg] tflnd
cflbsf] nflu nfv Dd
-_ pkbkmf -_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd k|bfg ulg] shfsf] Ldf k|lt C0fL kfFr sf]8 kofF eGbf
a9L ePdf s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldlt dIf jLs[ltsf nflu k]z ug kg]5 ldltn]
klof]hgfsf] cfjZostf tyf cflrTotfsf] cfwfdf pQm Ldf eGbf a9L kfFr sf]8 kofFDd
shf k|jfx ug jLs[lt lbg Sg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 128
$= shf eQmfgL cjlwM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd Aofh cgbfg lbOg] shfsf] Aofh cgbfg k|fKt ug]
cjlw a9Ldf kfFr jifsf] xg]5 otf] shfsf] cjlw Jojfosf] k|s[lt cgf DjlGwt a+s tyf
laQLo +yfxiquestn] tf]Sg Sg]5g
-_ otf] shfsf] eQmfgL k|of]hgsf nflu DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] shfsf] k|sf sd p2]Zo
Jojfosf] k|s[lt k|ltkmnsf] cjlw hf]lvdsf] t nufotsf cfwfdf lstf eQmfgL cjlw
lgwf0f ug Sg]5
= Aofhb Pjd ztM -_ g]kfn sfn] Aofh cgbfg pknAw ufpg] shfdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo
+yfn] cfgf] cfwf bdf bO k|ltzt ljGb eGbf a9L gxg] uL Aofh b sfod ug kg]5
-_ pkbkmf -_ adf]lhdsf] shfsf] Aofh shf rgf zNs C0fLn] Joxf]g kg] ladf lk|ldod shf
If0f zNs eGbf afx]s cGo sg klg k|sfsf] yk ]jf zNs lng kfOg] 5g
klR5]b
lwtf] shf If0f tyf Jojfosf] aLdf DaGwL Jojyf
^= lwtf] DaGwL JojyfM -_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxiquestn] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf k|jfx ubf
bz nfv kofFDd Psf3 kljfsf bosf] JolQmut hdfgLLsf cfwfdf To eGbf a9L
Jojflos klof]hgf lwtf]df shf k|jfx ug Sg]5g otf] shf k|jfx ubf klof]hgfsf]
DefJotfnfO dVo cfwfsf] iquestkdf lng kg]5
-_ pRr lzIff xfln u]sf ojfnfO k|bfg ulg] lzlIft ojf jf]huf shfsf] nflu DalGwt aIacute
tyf ljQLo +yfn] lgj]bssf] Ssn zlIfs k|df0f kq lwtf] jk fVg]5
-_ ljb]zaf6 kms]sf ojfxnfO pgLxdf x]sf] 1fg cgej rL tyf LkFu DalGwt Jojfo
~rfng ug klof]hgf lwtf]df lnO DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] jb]lzs f]hufLaf6 kms]sf
ojf klof]hgf shf k|jfx ug]5
-$_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsfsf] nflu k|bfg ulg] dlxnf pBdzLntf
shf Psn jf fdlxs hdfgLdf pknAw xg]5
-_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] blnt dbfosf] kDkfut Lk k]zfnfO cfwlgsLs0f Pj+ k|j4g
ugsf nflu k|bfg ulg] blnt dbfo Jojfo ljsf shf Psn jf fdlxs hdfgLdf pknAw
xg]5
-^_ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsfsf nflu k|bfg ulg] shf bz nfv kofFDdsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf
kzkG5L shf blnt dbfonfO k|bfg ulg] shfsf] If0f b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5Mndash
-s_ C0fLn] ~rfng u]sf] pBd
-v_ C0fLsf] shf DaGwL sfuhft
-u_ fdlxs hdfgLsf] xsdf f] DaGwL sfuhft
-amp_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shf fdlxs jf lwtf]
hdfgLdf k|jfx ug]5g
kli6s0f o pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lwtf] eGgfn] esDk kLl8t lghL cfjf kglgdf0f jf
k|jnLs0f nfeu|fxLn] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shf lnO lgdf0f ug] jf u]sf] 3 tyf lghsf] jf lghsf]
Psf3 kljfsf] bosf] gfddf x]sf] cGoq C0f k|of]hgsf nflu lwtf]df x]sf] f] 3n] rr]sf]
hUuf Demg k5
-_ fdlxs hdfgLdf k|jfx ePsf] shfFu DalGwt dxsf] sg bo sfa aflxsf] kllylt
pTkGg eO pQm dxdf cfa4 lxxg gSg] lylt ePdf lghn] cfgf] lxf afasf] fFjf tyf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 129
Aofh jo+ rQmf ug] jf dxsf afFsL boxn] aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 lnPsf] shf lgodfgf
rQmf ug] yk k|ltj4tfsf] sfuh uL k]z ug kg]5
-(_ sk8f pBf]unfO k|bfg ulg] shfsf] xsdf lwtf] cfjZos xg]5
-)_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jojflos tflnd klifbaf6 dfGotf k|fKt +yfaf6 lng] tflnd cflbsf]
nflu Psf3 kljfsf] bosf] JolQmut hdfgLdf shf pknAw xg]5
-_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shf ljBfyLsf] Psf3 kljfsf bosf] JolQmut
hdfgLdf shf pknAw xg]5
amp= shf If0f DaGwL JojyfM -_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxiquestn] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfsf]
k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd If0f ug kg]5
-_ Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfsf] If0f DaGwdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn]
k|rlnt sfgg g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifsf] lgodg lgb]zgsf] kllw leq xL
ki6 gLlt k|lqmof agfO nfu ug Sg]5
-_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] k|jfx ug] jf u]sf] bz nfv kofF eGbf
a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfsf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhd shf If0f ug
kg]5M
-s_ o pkbkmf adf]lhdsf shfsf] xsdf Totf] shf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifaf6
clgjfo If0f ufpg kg]5 sf]ifn] shf If0f ufpFbf shfsf] k|sf p2]Zo sd tyf
hf]lvdsf] t nufotsf cfwfdf +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag ug kg]5 oL shf If0f
ubf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] k|ltzt Joxf]g kg]5 afFsL amp k|ltzt zNs
g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutedf x]sf] cgbfg f]wegf vftf dfkmt DjlGwt a+s tyf laQLo +yfnfO
eQmfgL f]wegf ulg]5
-v_ bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] cjlw dfKt ePsf] 5 dlxgf leq C0fLn] shf rQmf gu]df bkmf
adf]lhdsf] sfjfxL k|lqmof kf uL DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] lgIf]k tyf shf
If0f sf]ifdf bfjL ug]5 oL bfjL xg cfPdf sf]ifn] lgodfgf eQmfgL ug]5
= Jojfosf] aLdf DaGwL JojyfM -_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxiquestn] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf
cGtut Jojflos klof]hgf lwtf] lnO shf k|jfx ubf klof]hgfsf] aLdf ug kg]5
-_ Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L aLdf DaGwdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] k|rlnt
sfgg g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute aLdf ldltsf] lgodg lgb]zgsf] kllw leq xL ki6 gLlt k|lqmof
agfO nfu ug Sg]5
-_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] k|jfx ug] jf u]sf] bz nfv kofF eGbf
a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfsf] xsdf b]xfo adf]lhd
klof]hgfdivideJojflos aLdf ug kg]5M
-s_ o pkbkmf adf]lhdsf shfFu DalGwt klof]hgfdivideJojfosf] clgjfo aLdf ug kg]5
aLdf sDkgLn] aLdf ufpFbf shfsf] k|sf Jojfosf] k|s[lt p2]Zo sd tyf hf]lvdsf]
t nufotsf cfwfdf +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag uL JojfoLFu k|ltzt dfq aLdf
lk|ldod lnO aLdf ug kg]5 afFsL amp k|ltzt aLdf lk|ldod g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutedf x]sf]
cgbfg f]wegf vftfaf6 aLdf ldlt dfkmt DalGwt aLdf sDkgLnfO f]wegf ulg]5
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd aLdf ulPsf] Jojfodf Iflt eO f]sf] Ifltkltsf nflu bfjL kg cfPdf
DalGwt aLdf sDkgLn] +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag uL JojfoLnfO Ifltklt pknAw ufpg
kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 130
(= sfjfxLsf nflu lkmfl ug Sg]M -_ C0fLn] bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq shf rQmfgu]df
DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] o sfoljlwsf] klR5]bndash( df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] sfjfxLsf
nflu DalGwt lgsfodf lkmfl ug Sg]5
-_ shf k|jfx ug] aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] otf ljwf f]Ssf ug cgf]w u]df
DalGwt lgsfon] Totf C0fLsf] ljwf f]Ssf fVg kg]5
klR5]b $
shfsf nflu of]Uotf Pj+ zt DaGwL Jojyf
)= of]Uotf Pj+ ztM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxn] k|jfx ug] shf k|fKt ug yfoL
n]vf g+ -PAN_ k|df0f kq lnPsf] shf rgf s]Grsaquosf] sfnf]rL Pjd klR5]bndash( cgfsf] sfjfxLdf
gk]sf] g]kfnL gfulsn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Gogtd of]Uotf Pj+ zt kf u]sf] xg kg]5Mndash
-s_ Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf
-_ JolQmsf] xsdf jif pd] kf ePsf]
-_ bz nfv eGbf sd shfsf] xsdf] Psf3 kljfsf bosf] hdfgL DaGwL
sfuhft
-_ bz nfv kofF eGbf a9Lsf] shfsf] nflu clgjfo kdf +yf Ps sf]8 kofF
eGbf a9Lsf] shfsf] nflu clgjfo kdf sDkgL xgkg]
-$_ +yf jf sDkgLsf] xsdf g]kfnL gfulssf] ztk|ltzt z]o jfldTj x]sf]
-_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj
t bz nfv kofF eGbf a9Lsf] shfsf] nflu C0fLsf] ljt[t klof]hgf
k|tfj
-v_ lzlIft ojf jf]huf shfM
-_ sDtLdf gfts tx plQ0f ePsf] $) jif pd] ggf3]sf]
-_ ljb]zL ljZjljBfnoaf6 zlIfs of]Uotf xfln u]sfsf] xsdf g]kfnsf] sg
ljZjljBfnoaf6 dsIftf DaGwdf k|sflzt fjhlgs rLdf lgh cWoog u]sf]
ljZjljBfno dfj]z ePsf]
-_ 3]n tyf fgf pBf]u sfofnodivideldlt Lk ljsf tflnd s]Grsaquo k|fljlws lzIff
tyf Jofjflos tflnd klifb nufotsf sfL lgsfoxaf6 slDtdf amp lbgsf]
pBd jf Jojfo ug] Lk ljsf tflnd clgjfo iquestkdf lnPsf] jf pQm shf
jLs[t ePkl5 Totf] +yfdf Lk ljsf tflnd lnPsf] k|df0f k]z u]sf]
t Jojfo+u DalGwt k|fljlws ljifodf gfts tx ptL0f uL Jojfo
~rfng ug] JolQmsf] xsdf tflnd clgjfo xg] 5g
-$_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj
-u_ jb]lzs f]hufLaf6 kms]sf ojf klof]hgf shfM
-_ gtd jLs[lt k|fKt uL jf guL sg klg b]zdf sDtLdf ^ dlxgf sfd uL jb]z
kms]sf]
t sg klg b]zsf] yfoL af]afsf] jLs[lt k|fKt -PRGreen Card Holder_
JolQmnfO otf] shf k|bfg ulg] 5g
-_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj
-3_ dlxnf pBdzLntf shfM
-_ jif pd] kf ePsf] dlxnf jf dxsf] xsdf kms kljfsf sDtLdf kfFr hgf
jif pd] kf ePsf dlxnf
-_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj
-_ dxsf] xsdf fdlxs hdfgL DaGwL sfuhft
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 131
-ordf_ blnt dbfo Jojfo ljsf shfM
-_ blnt hftndashhflt leqsf] jif pd] kf ePsf] jf dxsf] xsdf pQm hftndashhflt
leqsf kms kljfsf sDtLdf kfFr hgf jif pd] kf ePsf]
-_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj
-_ dxsf] xsdf fdlxs hdfgL DaGwL sfuhft
-r_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shfM
-_ dfWolds lzIff jf f] x plQ0f uL jif pd] ggf3]sf]
-_ cflys kdf ljkGg LdfGts[t dbfo jf nlIft jusf] ljBfyL
-_ jb]zsf] sg sn]h jf ljZjljBfnodf cWoog ulx]sf] jf ug]
-5_ esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shfM
-_ g]kfn sfn] lghL cfjf cgbfg lbP afx]s ciquest +yfut cgbfg gkfPsf]
-_ fli6laquoo kglgdf0f k|flws0fFu lghL cfjf lgdf0f ug Demftf uL cflys
cefjsf sf0f xfnDd cfjf lgdf0f sfo ziquest ug gs]sf esDk kLl8t
-_ C0fL jf lghsf] kljfsf] gfddf sg klg yfgdf ag of]Uo 3 gePsf]
-h_ sk8f pBf]unfO lbOg] shfM
_ Aofh cgbfg lng rfxg] sk8f pBf]un] cfkmgf] kl5Nnf] C0fsf] Dk0f ljj0f DalGwt
a+saf6 k|dfl0ft ufO k]z ug kg]5
_sk8f pBf]un] ocl3 lnPsf C0fsf xsdf ldlt )ampdivide)$divide) ut] sfod x]sf jf f]
ldlt kZrft lnPsf] C0f sddf ldlt )ampdivide)divide$ ut] b]lv k|ltzt laGbsf bn]
Aofh cgbfg k|bfg ulg]5
_ otf] Aofh cgbfg lbFbf Jojfosf] ~rfng cjyf U0f eP kgM ~rfngdf cfpg Sg]
cjyf Jojflos of]hgf d]tsf cfwfdf shf lbg] a+saf6 DefJotfsf] lkmfl
ufpg kg]5
$_ goFf C0fsf] xsdf pBf]usf] cfjZostf x]L al9df sf]8 Ddsf] C0fdf dfq otf]
cgbfg pknAw ufOg]5 t otf] C0f sd pBf]u ~rfng sfosf] nflu g pkof]u ug
kg]5 oL pkof]u u]sf] gkfOPdf sfL afFsL x cn pk ulg]5 ToL cn
pk ug kg] fFjf sddf k|ltzt Aofh d]t cn ulg]5
_ C0f sdsf] k|df0fLs0fsf] nflu DalGwt cfGtls fhj sfofnoaf6 ePsf] lkmfl
lxt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] g]kfn fi6laquo a+sFu f]wegf dfu u]kl5 pQm a+sdf x]sf]
f]wegf vftfaf6 DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfnfO f]wegf sd pknAw ufOg]5
^_ otf] cgbfg k|fKt ugsf nflu pBf]usf] jfldTj g]kfnL gfulsdf x]sf] xg kg]5
amp_ otf] cgbfg k|fKt ugsf] nflu pBf]u dNo clej[l4 sdf btf ePsf] xg kg]5 fy
pBf]un] Aofh cgbfg bfaL u]sf] cl3Nnf] cflys jifsf] cfo ljj0f divides rQmf k|df0fkq
k]z u]sf] xg kg]5
-em_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jojflos tflnd klifbaf6 dfGotf k|fKt +yfaf6 lng] tflnd DaGwL
shf M
_ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jojflos tflnd klifbaf6 dfGotf k|fKt +yfdf egf ePsf] sfuhft
_ tflnd lng rfx]sf] ljifo vNg] sfuhftdividelgj]bg
_ g]kfnL gfuls xgkg]
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 132
-_ a+s tyf laQLo +yfxiquestn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd shf k|jfx ubf esDk kLl8t af9L kLl8t
tyf ljkb k|efljt gfulsxiquestnfO klxnf] k|fyldstf lbgkg]5
-_ a+s tyf laQLo +yfxiquestn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shf
k|jfx ubf fli6laquoo kglgdf0f k|flws0fn] cfjf lgdf0f DkGg ug )ampamp d+l dfGtDd shf
lnO Sg kg]5
-$_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|bfg ulg] xlnotk0f shfsf nflu Aofh cgbfg k|fKt ug u|fXo
lgj]bsnfO sg Ps k|sfsf] shf dfq pknAw xg]5
-_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd shf lng] lgj]bsn] g]kfn sfn] Aofh cgbfg pknAw k|bfg ug]
k|s[ltsf cGo sg klg shf lnPsf] xg xbg t of] bkmf esDk kLl8txsf] lghL cfjf
lgdf0f shfsf] xsdf nfu xg] 5g
klR5]b
shfsf nflu cfjZos sfuhft jM3f]if0ff tyf shf lg0fo DaGwL Jojyf
= cfjZos sfuhft jM3f]if0ffM o sfoljlw adf]lhd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] k|jfx ug] shf k|fKt
ug b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft k]z jM3f]if0ff ug kg]5Mndash
-s_ DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfsf] ljlwjt kdf elPsf] shf cfj]bg kmffd
-v_ k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd btf ePsf] Jojfo tyf yfoL n]vf g+ -PAN_ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
t esDk kLl8txsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shfsf] nflu yfoL n]vf g+= -PAN_ cfjZos kg]
5g
-u_ gfulstf k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk
-3_ pBd +rfng tyf shf pkof]u DaGwL +lIfKt k|tfj dlxnf pBdzLntf shf afx]s bz
nfv kFof eGbf a9Lsf] shfsf] xsdf ljt[t klof]hgf k|tfj
-ordf_ shf rgf s]Grsaquosf] sfnf]rLdf gk]sf] jM3f]if0ff
-r_ fdlxs hdfgLsf] xsdf fdlxs hdfgL DaGwL sfuhft
-5_ lzlIft ojf jf]huf shfsf] xsdf zlIfs k|df0f kqsf] Ssn k|lt bkmf )-_ sf] v08
-v_-_ adf]lhd Lk ljsf tflnd lnPsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
-h_ jb]lzs f]hufLaf6 kms]sf ojf klof]hgf shfsf] xsdf fxbfgL k|j]zf1fsf] k|ltlnlk tyf
gtd jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] b]zaf6 kms]sfsf] xsdf f]sf] k|ltlnlk lgj]bs ljb]zdf uO
sDtLdf ^ dlxgf sfd ul kmlsPsf] sg klg b]zsf] yfoL af]afsf] jLs[lt k|fKt
(PRGreen Card Holder) JolQm gePsf] jM3f]if0ff
-em_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shfsf] xsdf cflys kdf ljkGg LdfGts[t
dbfo jf nlIft jusf] ljBfyL ePsf] lkmfl cWoog ug] zlIfs +yfdividek|lti7fgdf
egf ePsf] jf xg of]Uo x]sf] vNg] sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk
-`_ esDk kLl8txiquestsf] lghL cfjf lgdf0f shfsf nflu fli6laquoo kglgdf0f k|flws0fFu Demftf
uL cflys cefjsf sf0f xfnDd cfjf lgdf0f sfo ziquest ug gs]sf lgdf0f sfo
DkGg ug gs]sf esDk kLl8tsf] sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk lwtf]sf] xsdf f] DaGwL
sfuhft
= shf lg0fo DaGwL JojyfM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd cgbfg lng rfxg] JolQmn] cfjZos kg]
Dk0f sfuhft lxt DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfdf lgj]bg lbg kg]5
-_ pkbkmf -_ adf]lhd lgj]bg k|fKt xg cfPdf cfjZos Dk0f sfuhft lxt shf cfj]bg k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] PSsfO sfo lbgleqdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] shf jLs[t xg] jf gxg]
DaGwL lg0fo uL Sg kg]5
-_ shf k|jfx ug glsg] ePdf ki6 cfwf sf0f lxt DalGwt lgj]bsnfO lnlvt hfgsfL
lbg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 133
klR5]b ^
Aofh aLdf lk|ldod If0f zNs cgbfg zt tyf ljt0f k|lqmof DaGwL Jojyf
= cgbfg ljwf tyf zt DaGwL JojyfM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhdsf nlIft C0fLnfO aIacute tyf ljQLo
+yfxn] k|jfx ug] shfsf] xsdf g]kfn sfaf6 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cgbfg ljwf pknAw xg]5Mndash
-s_ a+s tyf laQLo +yfn] lbg] shfdf lgwf0f u]sf] Aofh b dWo] k|ltzt Aofhb
cgbfg ljwf pknAw xg]5 dlxnf pBdzLntf shfsf] xsdf of] cgbfg ^
k|ltzt pknAw xg]5 t kfFr sf]8 kofF eGbf a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf
kzkG5L shfdf k|ltzt dfq Aofhb cgbfg pknAw ufOg]5
-v_ shf If0f zNs cgbfgdf bz nfv kofF eGbf a9L Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L
shf afx]s cGo shfxiquestsf] a+s tyf laQLo +yfxiquestn] lgIf]k tyf shf If0f
sf]if dfkmt If0f ufpFbf nfUg] amp k|ltzt cgbfg pknAw xg]5
-u_ aLdf lk|ldod cgbfg bz nfv kofF eGbf a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L
shf afx]s cGo shf lnO ulg] Jojfosf] aLdf lk|ldoddf amp k|ltzt cgbfg
pknAw xg]5
-_ pkbkmf -_ adf]lhdsf] Aofh cgbfg ljwf of] sfoljlw nfu ePkl5 shf lng] C0fLnfO dfq
pknAw xg]5 Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfsf] xsdf Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfdf
k|bfg ulg] Aofh cgbfg DaGwL sfoljlw )amp adf]lhd k|jflxt shfdf d]t of] ljwf
pknAw ufOg]5
-_ C0fLn] kfpg] Aofh cgbfg ljwf afx]s cGo Dk0f Aofh sd If0f zNs aLdf lk|ldod
DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]if DalGwt aLdf sDkgLnfO
eQmfgL u]kl5 dfq Aofh cgbfg ljwfsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5
-$_ hg p2]Zosf] nflu shf lnPsf] xf] f]xL p2]Zosf nflu dfq shf pkof]u ug kg]5
-_ DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] cgudg ubf shf bkof]u ePsf] gkfOPdf Aofh cgbfg ljwf
pknAw gufOg] Aofh cgbfg ljwf lnO s]sf] eP DalGwt C0fLaf6 cn pk ulg]5
$= cgbfg sdsf] ljt0f k|lqmofM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd cgbfg jiquestk k|bfg ulg] Aofh shf
If0f zNs tyf aLdf lk|ldod sd pknAw ufpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn sfn] g]kfn fi6laquo
aIacuteaf6 ~rfng xg] uL a+lsordf sfofnodf cgbfg f]wegf gfdsf] vftf vf]Ng]5
-_ pkbkmf -_ adf]lhdsf] vftfdf g]kfn sf cy dGqfnon] Ps ca kofF cu|Ld hDdf ug]5
pQm sdn] cku xg] ePdf s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf] lkmfldf g]kfn sf
cy dGqfnon] yk sd pknAw ufpg]5
-_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxiquestn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx u]sf] shfsf] Aofh cgbfg k|fKt ug shf
pkof]usf] cfwfdf C0fLn] lgodfgf eQmfgL ugkg] shf sd eQmfgL u]sf] k|df0f lxt
qdfls kdf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf pQm aIacutedf lgj]bg lbg kg]5
-$_ aLdf sDkgLxiquestn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx ulPsf] shfFu DalGwt Jojflos aLdf lk|ldod
jfktsf] sd cgbfgsf nflu sfuhft lxt qdfls kdf aLdf ldltn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf pQm
ldltdf lgj]bg lbg kg]5 aLdf ldltn] oL k|fKt lgj]bgsf] cfjZos 5fgjLg uL g]kfn
fi6laquo aIacutedf f]wegf dfu ug kg]5
-_ lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx ulPsf] shfsf] If0f lglZrt uL
shf If0f zNs jfktsf] sd cgbfgsf nflu sfuhft lxt qdfls iquestkdf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutedf
f]wegf dfu ug kg]5
-^_ pkbkmf -_ -$_ -_ adf]lhd k|fKt lgj]bg tyf dfusf cfwfdf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] DalGwt aIacute
tyf ljQLo +yf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]if aLdf ldltnfO Aofh If0f zNs aLdf
lk|ldod jfkt cgbfg sdsf] f]wegf cgbfg f]wegf vftfaf6 g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutesf] sfofnoxiquestdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 134
x]sf vftf dfkmt jf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]if aLdf
ldltsf] dfu cgiquestksf] aIacute vftf dfkmt f]wegf lbg kg]5
-amp_ aLdf ldltn] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd k|fKt sd DalGwt aLdf sDkgLsf] dfu cgiquestksf] aIacute vftf
dfkmt f]wegf lbg kg]5
klR5]b amp
xlnotk0f shf k|jfx tyf Aofh cgbfg ljt0fFu DalGwt lgsfoxsf] sfd stJo clwsf
= aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfsf] sfd stJo clwsfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ugsf nflu DalGwt aIacute
tyf ljQLo +yfsf] sfd stJo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5ndash
-s_ lgj]bsn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd shfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbPdf DalGwt a+Iacute tyf ljQLo +yfn]
shfsf] k|sf p2]Zo dfu sd hf]lvdsf] t If0f aLdf nufot klof]hgfsf] DefJotf
tyf shfsf] bkof]u xg] cfwfdf shf k|jfx ug] shf k|jfx ug glsg] ePdf ki6 cfwf
sf0f lxt DalGwt lgj]bsnfO lnlvt hfgsfL lbg]
-v_ shfdf Aofh cgbfg sd k|fKt ugsf nflu g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf C0fLn] cgbfg
kfpg] Aofh sd afx]s ciquest Aofh sd cn u]sf] k|df0flxt g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuteFu f]wegf
dfu ug]
-u_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Aofh cgbfg k|fKt xg] uL k|bfg ulPsf] shfsf] qdfls ljj0f g]kfn
fi6laquo aIacuten] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lbgleq g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutenfO pknAw ufpg]
-3_ shfsf] k|sf p2]Zo nufgL sd hf]lvdsf] t Pj+ cfjZostfgf bkof]lutf lgLIf0f uL
f]sf] clen]v cBfjlws uL fVg]
^= aLdf sDkgLsf] sfd stJo clwsfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ug] lnlnfdf DalGwt aLdf
sDkgLsf] sfd stJo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5ndash
-s_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx xg] jf ePsf] bz nfv kofF eGbf a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf
kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfsf] xsdf Jojflos aLdfsf nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf
Jojfosf] k|s[lt shfsf] k|sf p2]Zo sd tyf hf]lvdsf] t nufotsf cfwfdf
+lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag ul JojfoLFu k|ltzt dfq aLdf lk|ldod lnO aLdf ug]
-v_ g]kfn sfn] pknAw ufpg] amp k|ltzt aLdf lk|ldod jfktsf] sd cgbfg jk k|fKt
ugsf nflu aLdf ldltFu f]wegf dfu ug]
-u_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd aLdf ulPsf] Jojfodf Iflt eO f]sf] Ifltkltsf nflu bfjL kg
cfPdf +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag uL JojfoLnfO Ifltklt pknAw ufpg]
amp= lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifsf] sfd stJo clwsfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ugsf nflu
lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifsf] sfd stJo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5ndash
-s_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx xg] jf ePsf] bz nfv kofF eGbf a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf
kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfsf] If0fsf nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf shfsf] k|sf p2]Zo
sd tyf hf]lvdsf] t nufotsf cfwfdf +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag uL DalGwt aIacute
tyf ljQLo +yfFu k|ltzt dfq If0f zNs lnO If0f ug]
-v_ g]kfn sfn] pknAw ufpg] amp k|ltzt If0f zNs jfktsf] sd cgbfg jk k|fKt
ug g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuteFu f]wegf dfu ug]
-u_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx ePsf] shf bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] cjlw dfKt ePsf] 5 dlxgf
leq C0fLn] rQmf gu]df bkmf adf]lhdsf] sfjfxL k|lqmof kf uL DalGwt aIacute tyf
ljQLo +yfn] sf]ifdf bfjL u]df lgodfgf eQmfgL ug]
-3_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] If0f zNs tyf If0f bfjL eQmfgLsf]
cBfjlws clen]v fvL f]sf] ljj0f s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltdf k7fpg]
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 135
= aLdf ldltsf] sfd stJo clwsfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ugsf nflu aLdf ldltsf] sfd
stJo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5ndash
-s_ DalGwt aLdf sDkgLn] o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx xg] jf ePsf] bz nfv kofF eGbf
a9Lsf] Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfsf] Jojflos aLdf u] jfktsf]
aLdf lk|ldod dfu u]df g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutedf x]sf] cgbfg f]wegf vftfaf6 lgsff lnO
DalGwt aLdf sDkgLnfO f]wegf sd pknAw ufpg]
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfnfO f]wegf pknAw ufOPsf] sdsf] qdfls
ljj0f s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltnfO pknAw ufpg]
-u_ aLdf ulPsf] Jojfodf Iflt eO f]sf] Ifltkltsf nflu bfjL k|fKt ePdf DalGwt aLdf
sDkgL dfkmt +lIfKt k|lqmof cjnDag uL JojfoLnfO Ifltklt pknAw ufpg cfjZos
Jojyf ldnfpg]
-3_ o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ugsf nflu DalGwt aLdf sDkgLxsf] cfjZos lgodg
cgudg lgLIf0f tyf klj]If0f ug]
(= g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutesf] sfd stJo clwsfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjog ug] Gbedf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacutesf]
sfd stAo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5ndash
-s_ aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf aLdf ldlt lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifaf6 shfdf k|bfg ulg]
cgbfg sd dfu eO cfPdf cgbfg f]wegf vftfaf6 lgodfgf f]wegf sd pknAw
ufpg]
-v_ of] sfoljlw adf]lhd If]qut tyf laifout shf tyf Aofh cgbfgsf] ljj0f cy
dGqfnonfO qdfls iquestkdf pknAw ufpg]
-u_ of] sfoljlwsf] k|efjsfL iquestkn] sfofGjog ugsf nflu DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfsf]
cfjZos cgudg lgodg lgLIf0f tyf klj]If0f ug]
-3_ shf bkof]u ePsf] gkfOPdf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute P]g ) adf]lhd sfjfxL uL cgbfg
jfktsf] sd aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfnfO eQmfgL f]wegf glbg]
klR5]b amp s
s]lGb|o lgb]zg ldlt
(s= s]lGb|o lgb]zg ldltsf] u7gM -_ o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjogsf DaGwdf xhLs0f dGjo
cgudg Pjd lgb]zg lbg b]xfo adf]lhd s]lGb|o lgb]zg ldlt xg] 5
-s_ lrj cy dGqfno +of]hs
-v_ 8]k6L ueg -g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] tf]s]sf] _ bo
-u_ xndashlrj s[lif tyf kzk+5L ljsf dGqfno bo
-3_ cWoIf aLdf ldlt bo
-ordf_ k|dv sfosfL clws[t lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]if bo
-r_ xndashlrj cy dGqfno -DalGwt dxfzfvf bo lrj
-_ ldltn] 5nkmn tyf lg0fosf nflu ljifojtsf cfwfdf ljifo lj1nfO a7sdf cfdlGqt ug
Sg]5
-_ ldltsf] a7s eQf tyf vfhf vr cy dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt sfo ~rfng lgb]lzsf adf]lhd
xg]5
-$_ ldltsf] a7s cfjZostfcgf ag]5 cfkmgf] sfoljlw cfkm to ug]5
(v= s]lGb|o lgb]zg ldltsf] sfd stJo clwsfM s]GrsaquoLo lgb]zg ldltsf] sfd stJo clwsf b]xfo
adf]lhd xg]5M
-s_ o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjogsf nflu g]kfn sfsf cGt lgsfo aLr dGjo ug]
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 136
-v_ o sfoljlw sfofGjog ubf b]vfkg] afwf kmsfpg sfoljlwsf] JofVof uL s]lGb|o dGjo tyf
cgudg ldltnfO lgb]zg lbg]
-u_ sfoljlwdf ePsf Jojyfx kldfhg ug k]df cy dGqfno dIf lkmfl ug]
-3_ o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjogsf] cjyfsf] af]df cgudg ug] jf ug lgb]zg lbg]
klR5]b
dGjo tyf cgudg ldlt
)= s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf] u7gM -_ o sfoljlwsf]] sfofGjog ugsf nflu s]GrsaquoLotdf
dGjo tyf cgudg ug b]xfo adf]lhdsf] s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldlt xg]5ndash
-s_ 8]k6L ueg g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute +of]hs
-aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu x]g]_
-v_ sfosfL lgb]zs g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute bo
-aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu_
-u_ xndashlrj cy dGqfno bo
-ljQLo If]q Jojyfkg tyf +yfg dGjo dxfzfvf_
-3_ k|dv sfosfL clws[t lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]if bo
-ordf_ sfosfL lgb]zs aLdf ldlt bo
-r_ cWoIf g]kfn aIacute Pzf]lPg bo
-5_ lgb]zs g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute bo lrj
-aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu_
-_ ldltn] 5nkmn Pj+ lg0fosf nflu k|tfj ePsf ljifojtxsf] cfwfdf g]kfn sfsf
kbflwsfL a9Ldf bOhgf ljifondashlj1nfO a7sdf cfdlGqt ug Sg]5
-_ ldltsf] lrjfno g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefudf xg]5 lrjfnon]
ldltn] tf]s]sf sfoxiquest ug]5
-$_ ldltsf] a7s cfjZostfgf ag]5
= s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf] sfd stJo clwsfM s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf]
sfd stJo clwsf b]xfo adf]lhd xg]5M
-s_ o sfoljlwsf]] sfofGjog ugsf nflu cfjZos dGjo tyf cgudg ug]
-v_ shf k|jfx ug] DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfsf] lgLIf0f ug] ufpg]
-u_ o sfoljlwsf]] sfofGjogdf sg afwf c8sfp pTkGg ePdf afwf c8sfp kmsfpg
lkmfl ug]
-3_ sfoljlw tyf cgrLsf] JofVof ug] tyf
-ordf_ sfoljlwdf ePsf Jojyfxiquestdf x]km] ug k]df kgfjnf]sgsf nflu g]kfn sf cy
dGqfno dIf lkmfl ug]
-r_ s]lGb|o lgb]zg ldltn] lbPsf lgb]zgx sfofGjog ug] ufpg]
klR5]b (
sfjfxL DaGwL Jojyf
= shf rQmf gu]df xg] sfjfxLM -_ C0fLn] bkmf $ adf]lhd shf rQmf gu]df DalGwt aIacute tyf
ljQLo +yfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfjfxLsf nflu DalGwt lgsfodf lkmfl ug Sg]5Mndash
-s_ C0fLnfO shf rgf s]Grsaquosf] sfnf]rLdf fVg
-v_ C0fLsf] fxbfgL f]Ssf fVg
-u_ C0fLsf] gfddf x]sf] sg rn crn Dklt laqmL ug aGb]h nufpgsf nflu DalGwt
lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg
-3_ C0fLsf] aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfxdf x]sf] vftf f]Ssf ug
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 137
-ordf_ g]kfn sfaf6 pknAw ufpg] fdflhs Iff eQf nufotsf cGo gfuls ljwfaf6
jl~rt ug
-_ shf k|jfx ug] aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] otf ljwf f]Ssf ug cgf]w u]df DalGwt lgsfon]
Totf C0fLsf] ljwf f]Ssf fVg kg]5
klR5]b )
ljljw
= shf juLs0f tyf hf]lvd DaGwL cGo JojyfM -_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd cgbfg k|fKtug]
shfxiquestsf] juLs0f g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuten] aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfnfO hfL u]sf] PsLs[t lgb]zg adf]lhd
xg]5
-_ o sfoljlwdf pNn]v ulPsf ljifo afx]s cGo ljifodf k|rlnt sfgg g]kfn fi6laquo aIacute aLdf
ldlt tyf lgIf]k tyf shf If0f sf]ifsf] lgodg lgb]zgsf] kllw leq xL otf] shfsf]
nufgL cgudg If0f aLdf tyf cnL DaGwdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf Pj+ aLdsn]
ki6 gLlt k|lqmof agfO nfu ug Sg]5
-_ o sfoljlw adf]lhd k|jfx xg] jf ePsf] bz nfv kofF eGbf dflysf] Jojflos s[lif tyf
kzkG5L shf afx]s cGo shfnfO g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuteaf6 ljkGg ju shf cGtut u0fgf ug] Jojyf
ldnfOg]5
-$_ fdlxs hdfgLdf dfq k|jfx ePsf] shfsf] xsdf cltlQm hf]lvd Jojyf ug kg] 5g
-_ C0fLn] fFjf Aofh lgoldt u]sf] cjyfdf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yfn] g]kfn sfaf6
kfpg kg] Aofh cgbfg sd d]t f]xL cjlwsf] Aofh cfDbfgLdf u0fgf ug Sg]5
-^_ g]kfn sfaf6 kfpgkg] Aofh cgbfg jfktsf] otf] sdnfO kFhL sf]if cgkft u0fgf
k|of]hgsf nflu sf dflysf] bfjL x zGo k|ltzt hf]lvd ef k|bfg ug Sg]5
$= ugff] DaGwL JojyfM o sfoljlwsf] sfofGjogsf Gbedf DalGwt aIacute tyf ljQLo +yf
aLdf sDkgL nufot oFu DalGwt lgsfoxn] shf k|jfx gu]sf] C0fLn] ]jf ljwf gkfPsf] tyf
C0fsf] bkof]u gePsf] nufotsf oFu DalGwt ugff] Gg] tyf f]sf cfwfdf cfjZos sfd
sfjfxL cufl8 a9fpg] sfo s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf] lrjfnon] ug]5
= k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd xg]M o sfoljlwdf pNn]v ePsf sfxsf] xsdf o adf]lhd cGo
sfxsf] xsdf k|rlnt Jojyf adf]lhd xg]5
^= kmffd tyf 9fFrf DaGwL JojyfM o sfoljlw adf]lhd xlnotk0f shf tyf Aofh cgbfg k|bfg
ubf k|of]u xg] cGo nLs[t kmffd tyf 9fFrf g]kfn fi6laquo aIacuteFusf] dGjodf DalGwt aIacute tyf
ljQLo +yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd xg]5
amp= +zf]wg tyf x]km]M -_ cy dGqfnosf] lkmfldf g]kfn sfn] o sfoljlwdf cfjZostfgf
+zf]wg Pj+ x]km] ug Sg]5
-_ o sfoljlwsf cgrL s]GrsaquoLo dGjo tyf cgudg ldltsf] lkmfldf cy
dGqfnon] +zf]wg Pj+ x]km] ug Sg]5
= vf]hL tyf arfpmM -_ g]kfn sf cy dGqfnoaf6 hfL ulPsf] aeligJojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L
shfdf k|bfg ulg] Aofh cgbfg DaGwL sfoljlw )ampaelig aeligesDk kLl8txsf] 3 lgdf0fsf nflu
fdlxs jf lwtf] hdfgLdf lgAofhL C0f pknAw ufpg] sfoljlw )amp$aelig vf]h ulPsf] 5
-_ pkbkmf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf sfoljlw adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL
o sfoljlw adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 138
cgrL
-bkmf Fu DalGwt_
-s_ Jojflos s[lif tyf kzkG5L shfM
= tsfL pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f
= aLp lahg pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f
= jghGo Jojfo kik Jojfo tyf jfujfgL
$= kzkG5Lkfng
= cli6laquor 6sL xfFkfng f]sf] df Pj+ c08fsf] e08f0f k|zf]wg tyf laqmL ljt0f
^= kmnkmn pTkfbg pTkflbt kmnkmnsf] k|zf]wg e08f0f laqmL ljt0f
amp= bUw pTkfbg k|zf]wg laqmL ljt0f
= dTokfng pTkflbt df5fsf] e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f
(= Rofp pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f
)= kzjwzfnf dfhGo pTkfbg f]sf] e08f0f k|zf]wg tyf laqmL ljt0f
= hl8j6L pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f
= pv skmL lrof cnrL cbjf a]f htg odvL cNnf] nf]Qmf v]tL tyf logLxsf]
e08f0f k|zf]wg laqmL ljt0f
= dfL kfng Jojfo
$= hf kmfk lnfdsf] pTkfbg k|zf]wg laqmL ljt0f
= k|fordfufls tyf hljs dn
^= kzkG5LhGo bfgf pBf]u
amp= skf pmg ]d v]tLdividepTkfbg k|zf]wg laqmL ljt0f
= e]8f RofEuml|f rfL nufotaf6 pmgsf] pTkfbg k|zf]wg laqmL ljt0f
(= g]kfn sfn] do dodf yk u]sf cGo s[lif tyf kzkG5LhGo Jojfoxiquest
)= s[lif cfhf pks0f jf +oGqsf] pTkfbg vlb tyf lalqm ljt0f
= s[lif rg pBf]u
t dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf Jojflos sfox ~rfng ubf lalqm ljt0fdfq ug] JojfonfO
Aofh cgbfg k|bfg ulg] 5g pQm pBf]u Jojfox pTkfbg b]lv k|zf]wg Ddsf] sfodf +nUg
ePsf] xg kg]5
-v_ lzlIft ojf jf]huf shf -u_ jb]lzs f]hufLaf6 kms]sf ojf klof]hgf shf -3_ dlxnf
pBdzLntf shfM
b]xfosf Jojfo tyf pBdxiquestsf] nflu k|jfx xg]5
-_ s[lif Jojfo -pTkfbg k|zf]wg e08f0f tyf laqmL ljt0f_
-s_ vfBfGg gub] afnL tsfL kmnkmn tyf hl8j6LM
wfg uxF ds sf]bf] hf tf]L o s]fp rgf e6df cflb
lrof cn+rL 7f] kfL gljn skf cNnf] cld|f] aflaof] pv a cbjf a]f
odvL dLr htf dnf cflb
ng Kofh cfn sfpnL aGbf kjn slnf] e06f rD kfn+uf] fof] a|f]sfpnL
uf]ne]+8f Rofp af]8L ldL kmL ufh dnf vf]fgL lk+8fn Os wlgofF tn
l3f+nf cflb
cfFk Gtnf ofp cgf bfld cDaf sfutL lgajf ef]u6] HofdL nKL lnrL s6x
eOFs6x cEuml xnjfa]b d]jf s]f vkfgL jo tLjo cdnf ljleGg lsldsf kmn
v]tL -l6osNr aLp tyf a]gf pTkfbg d]t_ cflb
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 139
g]kfn sfsf] DalGwt lgsfo jf hl8a6L pTkfbg jf k|zf]wg sDkgLn] tf]s]sf a
lsldsf hl8a6L pTkfbg -k|rlnt sfggn] aGb]h nufPsf afx]s_ cflb
-v_ kzkG5LkfngM
ufO uf] e+L fFuf] aEuml Fu vfof] rfL ofs gfs e]8f afv|f ydf vL jfR5fndash
afR5L kf8fndashkf8L 3f]8f uwf vRr cflys pkfhgsf nflu kflng] cGo kzx
svf xfF k]jf nfsf6 asectf+O cflys pkfhg ugsf nflu kflng] cGo kGIfLx
Jojfloskn] ulPsf] dTokfng dfLkfng ]zd lsf kfng cflb
-u_ l+rfO tyf l+rfO pks0fM
s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug 3fp kofpg] uL s[ifsxn] PSn jf fdlxskdf lgdf0f ug] snf]
gx gn xft]gn SoflK6e h]g]6 lk|+sn kDk]6 f]c kDk cflb
-3_ s[lif cfhf jf +oGqM
y|] lu|+8 cfwlgs xnf] s6f] sf]bfnf] sf]bfnL xFlof vkf vGtL 6ofS6 6laquo]n
cflb
-ordf_ jg ljsf tyf rg ljsfM
gL yfkgf ljsf lghL Pj+ fdbflos j[Ifff]k0f jg ljsfsf nflu k|of]u xg]
dnvfb s[lif jg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf ljtf rg ljsf cflb
-r_ hUuf ljsf endash+If0fM
hdLg wf tfndashaf hfnL kvfn cflb
-5_ k|rlnt sfggn] aGb]h ulPsf afx]ssf cGo s[lif pTkfbgx tyf s[lifhGo Jojfox
-_ pBf]u JojfoM
xft] Pj+ vsect] tfg cwjrflnt tfg jflkEuml EumlfO 5kfO lnfO agfO f8L kfvL pmgL un+rf
klZdgf pmgL kf]zfs lsdL sfo sf7af6 snfTds jt lgdf0f ug] sfo j]t afF
lgufnf]sf fdfg tof ug] sfo k|fs[lts ]zfaf6 ljleGg jtxsf] lgdf0f sfo xft] sfuh
pTkfbg g rfFbL tfdf lkQn kmnfd htf wftxsf] sfo uxgf Pj+ dlt agfpg] sfo dx
RoL cn+rL Pj+ lrof k|zf]wg sfo ]fldS Pj+ sdfn]sf] k]zfut sfo 5fnf DaGwL k]zfut
sfo 6oflgEuml 5fnf xf8 lEuml tyf 9Eumlfaf6 tof xg] jtxsf] pTkfbg lrqsnf sfuhaf6
ag]sf fdfg wk ktnL v]nfgf hQf rKkn pTkfbg k|rlnt cfBf]lus Jojfo P]gn]
kDkfut 3]n pBf]u egL klefiff u]sf Dk0f pBf]ux
-_ ]jf JojfoM
-s_ jfYo DaGwL ]jf JojfoxM jfYo kLIf0f k|of]uzfnf k|fs[lts tyf cfoj]b
lrlsTf s]Grsaquo cflb +rfng lzz ofxf s]Grsaquo cfifwL kn
-v_ kzkIfL DaGwL lrlsTf JojfoxM kz lrlsTf DaGwL jfYo kLIf0f tyf cfifwL
kn kz cfxff vlb laqmL cflb
-u_ s[lif Pj+ cfBf]lus pTkfbg j[l4df 3fp kofpg] ]jf JojfoxM s[lif fdfu|L a]rlavg
s[lif pkh j]r ljvg cfBf]lus sRrf kbfysf] vlb laqmL cflb
-3_ Lk Pj+ jf]hufdns JojfoxiquestM kmf]6f]skL sDKo6 ~rfng ddtzfnf -6]Dkf] a
ldgLa dfOqmf]a 6laquos ldgL6laquos 8]lneL Eofg sf hLk lSf ]l8of] kmf]6f]skL
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 140
sDKo6 l6=eL= 6]lnkmf]g 38L cflb_ lnfO agfO s]z gt[Eumlf lsdL 8sdLsf] ]jf
blgs pkef]usf fdfg vlb laqmL kts 6]zgL Pj+ cGo zlIfs fdu|Lsf] vlb
laqmL lrof tyf rd]gf kn 3hUufsf] gSf tof ug] dNofIacuteg ug] sfggL ]jf
cgGwfg kfdz vfg]kfgL ljt0f kmfOFu Da4 Jojfox g]kfnL tyf fli6laquoo
efiffdf rnlrq lgdf0f tyf k|bzg afnndashpBfg v]nsb cflb
-ordf_ ko6g DaGwL JojfoxM xf]6]n df]6]n ]i6]06 6laquofen Ph]GL 6laquo]lsEuml yenofkml6Euml cflb
-r_ ~rf DaGwL JojfoxM 6]lnkmf]g ofS Ondashd]nndashOG6g]6 lel8of] sGkm]lGEuml
6]lnsGkm]lGEuml cflb
-5_ oftfoft ]jf DaGwL Dk0f jfL fwgx
-h_ k|rlnt cfBf]lus Jojfo DaGwL sfggn] tf]s]sf cGo ]jfdns Jojfox
-$_ cGo JojfoM
o dNo clea[l4 xg] Jojfo ht ]l8of] 3l8 6]lnlehg sDKo6 cfwlgs jQL 6r nfO6
ODa|fO8L tofL kf]zfs cflb
o rgf k|ljlwM sDKo6 6j]o Pj+ xf8j]o DaGwL Jojfo
o ljljwM vrsaquof kn cfjf lgdf0f fo aQL wff jfyd tyf zfrfno lgdf0f
o k|rlnt sfggn] aGb]h nufP afx]ssf cGo Jojfox
-ordf_ blnt dbfo Jojfo ljsf shfM
g]kfn sfn] blnt dbfonfO fdlxs hdfgLdf pknAw ufpg] xlnotk0f shfsf nflu of]Uo
JojfoxiquestM
= kDkfut ahfpg] afhf lgdf0f tyf vlb ug
= lnfO s6fO lnfO s6fO tflnd +rfng lnfO d]lzg vlb ug
= kDkfut cfo cfhgsf k]zfx
$= kmnfd sf]Onf cflb jt vlb laqmL ug cfg agfpg rflxg] fdfu|L vlb tyf lgdf0f
ug cfgsf] nflu oGqzfnf lgdf0f ug
= hQf agfpgsf] nflu rflxg] sRrf kbfy k|zf]lwt 5fnf hQf rKkn Aofu cflb agfpg
sRrf kbfy vlb Pj+ k|zf]wg pTkflbt jtx ljqmL ug
^= kDkfut g rfFbLsf uxgf Pj+ efF8fsF8f agfpg] kn tyf f]Fu DalGwt sfnLu9L
]jf
amp= kmfO k]zfsf] nflu rflxg] fdfgx vlb ug
= cfgf] kVofnL k]zfnfO lgGttf lbgsf] nflu rflxg] sRrf kbfy vlb ug jt tyf ]jf
laqmL ug Aojfosf] nflu fdlxs oGqzfnf lgdf0f ug
(= g]kfn sfn] do dodf tf]s]sf cGo k]zfx
-r_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jojflos lzIff shfM
cflys iquestkdf ljkGg LdfGts[t dbfo tyf nlIft jusf ljBfyLxiquestnfO pRr k|fljlws tyf
Jojflos lzIff cWoogsf nflu shfsf nflu of]Uo If]qxiquestM
= g]kfn sfn] tf]lslbPsf ljifosf] pRr lzIff
= jfYoFu DalGwt ljifox Pd=lj=lj=P cfoj]b lrlsTf lj=l8=P lj=lk=Pr kmfd]L
glordf nufotsf gfts jf f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ljifox
= OlGhlgolordfFu DalGwt ljifox ht llen On]lS6laquosn On]S6laquof]lgS lhof]d]l6laquoS
d]sflgsn sDKo6 cflbsf gfts jf f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ljifox
$= kz lj1fgFu DalGwt gfts jf f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ljifox
= s[lif lj1fgFu DalGwt gfts jf f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ljifox
^= cGo k|fljlws ljifoxFu DalGwt gfts jf f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf ljifox
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 141
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhdsf]
========================================== shfsf nflu C0fLn] a+sdf lbg] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf
ldltM )amp== divide == divide ==
gtL ================================ a+s ln=
=============================================
ljifoM Aofh cgbfg lxtsf] ============================= shf af]
dxfzo
pkoQm DaGwdf g]kfn sfn] hfL u]sf] aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL
PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd =============================shf pkef]u ugsf nflu dnfOdivided]f] -kmd sDkgL
+yf_ ==========nfO ================ k|of]hgsf nflu shf k|bfg ullbg xg of] lgjb]g k]z u]sf] 5 fy To
a+sn] tf]s]sf sfuhft tyf ljj0f d]t o lgjb]g fy +nUg uL k]z u]sf 5divide5f+ dn] k|rlnt sfgg
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 hfL ulPsf lgodg lgb]zg klkq tyf wgL a+saf6 tf]lsPsf ztxsf] cwLgdf xL
shfsf] xL bkof]u uL shfsf] fFjf tyf Aofh dod eQmfgL ug]5
gfdM
7]ufgf M
Dks 6]lnkmf]g g+=
kmd sDkgL +yf pBf]u eP
gfdM
5fkM
7]ufgfM
Dks 6]lnkmf]g g+=
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 142
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|bfg u]sf] shfsf]
cgbfgsf] nflu a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] o a+sdf k]z ug] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf
ldltM )amp== divide == divide ==
gtL g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
afnjf6f sf7df8f+
ljifo Mndash aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|jfx ePsf
shfsf] cf=j======= sf] ======== qdfsf] cgbfg af]
dxfzo
o a+sn] aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig cgk k|jfx
u]sf] Dk0f shfdf ofy +nUg ljj0f adf]lhdsf C0fLxn] cgbfg kfpg] afx]ssf] Aofh sd hDdf
u]sf]n] pQm shfxdf kfpg] Aofh cgbfg jfktsf] sd sn =============== -cIf]kL
=======================================_ txfFsf] alsEuml sfofno lyt o a+ssf] vftf g+= ========================= df hDdf
xg] uL pknAw ufO lbg xg cgf]w ub5f+ fy pkf]Qm cjlwdf DalGwt C0fxaf6 Aofh jfkt sd
===============================-cIf]kL ===================================_ cn pk eOs]sf] Joxf]f d]t cgf]w 5
btvtM btvtM
gfdM gfdM
kbM kbM
ljefudividesfofno M ljefudividesfofno M
5fkM
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 143
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|bfg u]sf] shfsf]
cgbfgsf] nflu a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] o a+sdf k]z ug] shfsf] C0fLxsf] ljj0f k]z ug] 9fFrf
-otf] lgj]bg amp k|sfsf shfxsf] nflu cnu cnu k]z ug kg]_
ldltM )amp== divide == divide ==
gtL g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
afnjf6f sf7df8f+
ljifo M Aofhdf cgbfg k|bfg ulPsf] =================== shfsf] ======== qdfsf] ljj0f
dxfzo
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|jfx ePsf]
=========================shfsf] qdfls ljj0f b]xfo adf]lhd x]sf] 5
Aofh cgbfg zf]wegf kfpgkg] shfsf] ljj0f
qm=+= C0fLsf]
gfd
shf
k|jfx
ldlt
shfsf]
clGtd
eQmfgL
ldlt
afFsL
shf -_
sfod
ePsf]
Aofhb
o cjlwdf
C0fLaf6 cn
ePsf] Aofh
sd -_
Aofh
cgbfg
sd -_
slkmot
hDdf
zf]wegf kfpgkg] hDdf sd =================== cIf]kL ==================
btvtM btvtM
gfdM gfdM
kbM kbM
ljefudividesfofno M ljefudividesfofnoM
5fkM
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 144
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|bfg u]sf] shfsf]
cgbfgsf] nflu a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] o a+sdf k]z ug] shfsf] C0fLxsf] ljj0f k]z ug] 9fFrf
-otf] lgj]bg amp k|sfsf shfxsf] nflu cnu cnu k]z ug kg]_
ldltM )amp== divide == divide ==
gtL g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
afnjf6f sf7df8f+
ljifo M Aofhdf cgbfg cGtut k|jfx eO lgoldt gePsf =====================shfsf] ==========qdfls ljj0f
dxfzo
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig cgk k|jfx eO lgoldt
gePsf ======================shfsf] qdfls ljj0f b]xfo adf]lhd x]sf] 5
lgoldt gePsf shfsf] ljj0f
qm=+= C0fLsf]
gfd
shf
k|jfx
ldlt
shfsf]
clGtd
eQmfgL
ldlt
afFsL
shf -_
sfod
ePsf]
Aofhb
o cjlwdf
C0fLaf6 cn
xgkg] Aofh sd
-_
Aofh
cgbfgsf]
cgdflgt
sd -_
slkmot
hDdf
cn xg afFsL hDdf fFjf Aofh sd =================== cIf]kL ============================
btvtM btvtM
gfdM gfdM
kbM kbM
ljefudividesfofno M ljefudividesfofno M
5fkM
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 145
aeligxlnotk0f shfsf nflu Jofh cgbfg DaGwL PsLs[t sfoljlw )ampAElig adf]lhd k|bfg u]sf] shfsf]
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] k]z ug] qdfls ljj0fsf] 9fFrf
=================a+sdivideljQLo +yf ln=
==========fn ========== dfGtsf] xlnotk0f shfsf] qdfls ljj0f
cl3Nnf] qodfDd o qodfdf o qodfDddf
nufgLdf
lxx]sf]
afFsL shf
-shf
aSoftf_
slkmot
qm= nlIft dx k|jflxt shf cgbfg
k|fKt
Aofh
k|jflxt shf dfu
Aofh
cgbfg
k|jflxt sn
shf
sn
Aofh
cgbfg
+Vof sd +Vof sd +Vof sd +Vof sd
Jojflos s[lif
tyf kzkG5L
shf
lzlIft ojf
jf]huf shf
jb]lzs
f]hufLaf6
kms]sf ojf
klof]hgf shf
$ dlxnf
pBdzLntf
shf
blnt dbfo
Jojfo ljsf
shf
^ pRr
k|fljlws tyf
Jojflos
lzIff shf
amp esDk
lkl8txsf]
lghL cfjf
lgdf0f shf
sk8f
pBf]unfO lbOg]
shf
( k|fljlws lzIff
tyf Jojflos
tflnd
klifbaf6
dfGotf k|fKt
+yfaf6 lng]
tflnd DaGwL
shf
hDdf
gf]6M otf] ljj0f qodf dfKt ePsf] lbg leq o a+sdf k]z ugkg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 146
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= divide)ampamp
Psn u|fxs tyf If]qut shf fk6 ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0f DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 Pp6 u|fxs kmd sDkgL jf cfkL
DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] dxnfO tyf cy Jojyfsf] Ps If]qdf k|jfx xg] shfsf DaGwdf g]kfn fi6laquo
a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf amp( n] lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL b]xfosf lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
= shf fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0fM
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] Pp6 u|fxs kmd sDkgL jf cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] dxnfO sf]ifdf
cfwflt (Fund Based) shf fk6 usf]ifdf cfwflt (Non-Fund Based) ljwfx d]t uL cfgf]
k|fylds kFhLsf] a9Ldf k|ltztDdsf] Ldf sfod uL k|bfg ug Sg]5g
b]zsf] pTkfbg f]hufL nufotsf kIfnfO b[li6ut uL lgoft If]q fgf tyf demfnf pBf]u cfifwL
pTkfbg pBf]u s[lif If]q ko6g pBf]u ld]G6 pBf]u kmnfd pBf]u tyf cGo pTkfbgdns
pBf]uxdf k|jfx xg] shfsf] Psn u|fxs shf Ldf clwstd ) k|ltzt sfod ulPsf] 5 oL
shf fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldf jLs[t ubf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] nflu cfGtls n]vfkLIfsn]
k|dfl0ft u]sf] 7Ls cl3Nnf] qodfsf] jfnftdf b]lvg] k|fylds kFhLsf] cfwfdf k|ltu|fxs shf
fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0f ug kg]5
sg u|fxs dxdf pkoQm adf]lhdsf bj k|sfsf Ldf sfod ugkg] k|s[ltsf pBf]u Jojfox
x]sf] cjyfdf Totf] u|fxs dxnfO sn shf fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldf ) k|ltzt sfod ugkg]5
t Totf] sn shf fk6 tyf ljwf cGtut ) k|ltzt shf Ldf sfod ugkg] egL dfly
pNn]v ulPsf pBf]u afx]ssf shf fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldf eg] k|ltzt eGbf a9L xg] 5g
= hnljBt nufot gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgf ljBt k|f0f nfOg (Transmission Line) s]jnsf
lgdf0f klof]hgfdf shf k|jfx ug] DaGwdfM
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] hnljBt nufot gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgf ljBt k|f0f nfOg -
Transmission Line_ s]jnsf lgdf0f klof]hgfdf sf]ifdf cfwflt shf tyf u sf]ifdf
cfwflt ljwf k|fylds kFhLsf] a9Ldf ) k|ltztDd k|jfx ug Sg] 5g
t hnljBt nufot gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfsf] xsdf k|fylds kFhLsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L
shf k|jfx ug kg] cjyfdf DalGwt lgsfoFu clgjfo kdf ljBt vlb Demftf (Power
Purchase Agreement) ePsf] xg kg]5
-v_ otf klof]hgfsf] eQmfgL tflnsf -Repayment Schedule_ tof ubf gub k|jfx tyf cGo
k|df0fsf] cfwfdf ki6L xg] uL ug kg]5
-u_ klof]hgf ljZn]if0f uL DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] to u]sf] Moratorium Period
cyjf Totf] klof]hgfaf6 ljBt pTkfbg eO k|f0f nfOgdf hf]l8Psf] tLg dlxgf dWo] hg
kl5 xG5 f] ldlt kZrft lstf eQmfgL ug lsg] 5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 147
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] ljz4 hnljBt klof]hgf ljBt k|zf0f nfOg
(Transmission Line) gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgf s]jnsf lgdf0f DaGwL klof]hgfxdf
nufgL ubf dfq ljBdfg k|ltztsf] Psn u|fxs shf LdfnfO j[l4 uL sf]ifdf cfwflt
shf tyf u sf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf d]t uL hDdf k|fylds kFhLsf] a9Ldf ) k|ltztDd
nufgL Ldf sfod ulPsf] 5 t hnljBt klof]hgf ljBt k|zf0f nfOg (Transmission
Line) gjLs0fLo phf klof]hgf s]jnsf lgdf0f DaGwL klof]hgf DaGwL u|fxsn] u
hnljBtdivideljBt k|zf0f nfOgdivides]jnsf klof]hgfdf klg nufgL ug rfx]df ) k|ltztsf]
Ldf ggfpoundg] uL sf]ifdf cfwflt shf tyf u sf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf d]t uL a9Ldf
k|ltztDd dfq shfdivideljwf k|jfx ug lsg] 5
-pbfx0fsf] nflu M sf]if tyf u sf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf d]t uL hDdf k|fylds kFhLsf] )
k|ltzt ljz4 hnljBt klof]hgfdivideljBt k|f0f nfOgdivides]jnsfdividegjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfdf
nufgL u]df cGodf nufgL ug kfOg] 5g sf]if tyf u sf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf d]t uL
hDdf k|fylds kFhLsf] $) k|ltzt dfq ljz4 hnljBt klof]hgfdivideljBt k|zf0f
nfOgdivides]jnsfdividegjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfdf nufgL u]df cGodf ) k|ltztDd dfq nufgL
ug kfOg] 5 sf]if tyf u sf]ifdf cfwflt ljwf d]t uL hDdf k|fylds kFhLsf]
k|ltztb]lv k|ltzt dfq ljz4 hnljBt klof]hgfdivideljBt k|zf0f
nfOgdivides]jnsfdividegjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfdf nufgL u]df cGodf k|ltztDd dfq nufgL
ug kfOg] 5 _
sy+sbflrt u hnljBtdivideljBt k|zf0f nfOgdivides]jnsfdividegjLs0fLo phf klof]hgfdf
tf]lsPsf] Ldf gf3L shf k|jfx u]df Ldf gf3]sf] sd afasf] shfdf ztk|ltzt shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf sfod ug kg]5
= shf fk6 tyf ljwfsf] Ldfdf 56
b]xfosf shf fk6 jf ljwfsf] xsdf aFbf g+= df pNn]v ulPsf] Ldf nfu xg] 5g Mndash
-s_ d2tL lb g]kfn sfsf] If0fkq g]kfn fi6laquo a+s C0fkqsf] lwtf]df ljZj a+s PlofnL
ljsf a+s tyf cGtfli6laquoo ljQ lgud nufotsf g]kfn bo ePsf] cGtfli6laquoo axkIfLo
(Multilateral) ljQLo +yfx tyf cGtfli6laquoo gt]0fLs[t (Rated) a+ssf] lgMzt hdfgtdf k|bfg
ulg] shf fk6 tyf ljwfx
fy DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 cgf]w eO cfPdf o a+sn] hfL u]sf] lgb]zgdf
pNn]v ePsf] Jojyf d]t sfod xg] uL Totf cGtfli6laquoo axkIfLo +yfn] hfL ug] lgMzt
hdfgt (Guarantee) df cfwflt eO a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] k|bfg ug] shfdf kFhLsf]ifsf]
cgkft u0fgf ug] k|of]hgsf nflu zGo hf]lvd ef (Zero Risk Weight) k|bfg ug lsg] 5
ki6Ls0fM cGtfli6laquoo gt]0fLs[t (Rated) a+s eGgfn] +oQm clwfHo a]nfotsf] n08gaf6
k|sflzt The Banker klqsfn] k|To]s jif hnfO dlxgfdf k|sfzg ug] Top Thousand World Banks
sf] rLdf 7Ls cl3Nnf] jif dfj]z ePsf a+sxnfO Demg kg]5
-v_ shfFu DalGwt hf]lvdaf6 lIft xg] kofKt Jojyf uL b]xfosf +yfxnfO b]xfo
adf]lhdsf jtx vlb tyf cfoft ug aeligsAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxaf6 k|bfg ulg]
shf fk6 tyf ljwfx
qm=+= +yf jt
-_ g]kfn cfon lgud ln= UofF tyf k]6laquof]lnod kbfy
-_ g]kfn vfB +yfg vfBfGg
-_ s[lif fdu|L sDkgL ln= s[lif ffolgs dn
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 148
$= +oQm nufgLstf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxsf] Uof]06L tyf sfp06 Uof]06Ldf shf tyf ljwf k|bfg ug]
Jojyf
+oQm nufgLdf ~rfngdf cfPsf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxsf] +oQm nufgLstf a+s tyf ljQLo
+yfxsf] Uof]06L tyf sfp06 Uof]06Ldf shf tyf ljwf k|bfg ug sg afwf kg]5g t oL k|bfg
ulPsf] shfdf k|ltu|fxs shf Ldfsf] Jojyf eg] nfu xg]5 Totf +oQm nufgLstf a+s tyf ljQLo
+yf cGtfli6laquoo gt]0fLs[t (Rated) a+s ePdf dfly aFbf g+ sf] -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd s Jojyf
nfu xg]5
= cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxnfO Pp6 dx dflgg] Jojyf
shf fk6 tyf ljwf Ldfsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] dxnfO b]xfosf
cjyfdf Pp6 dx dflgg] 5 Mndash
-s_ sg sDkgLn] csf] sDkgLsf] k|ltzt jf f]eGbf a9L ]o lnPsf] eP Totf bj sDkgLx
-v_ sg JolQm sDkgLsf] ~rfns k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 sDkgLsf ]owgL fem]bfL kmdsf fem]bf
kmdsf k|f]k|fO6 tyf Totf JolQm ~rfns ]owgL fem]bf jf k|f]k|fO6sf Psf3df af]af
uL cfPsf jf 5sectfleGg ePsf klt jf kTgL 5f]f 5f]L wdkq wdkqL afa cfdf ft]gL cfdf
cfkmn] kfngkf]if0f ug kg] bfh efO tyf lbbL alxgL
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmxn] PSn jf +oQmkdf csf] sDkgLsf] k|ltzt jf f] eGbf a9L
]o lnPsf] eP Totf sDkgLx
-3_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmxn] PSn jf +oQm kdf csf] sDkgLsf] k|ltzt eGbf sd ]o
lnPsf] eP tfklg Totf] sDkgLsf] Jojyfkgdf b]xfosf lsldaf6 lgoGq0f ePsf Totf
sDkgLxMndash
-_ ~rfns ldltsf] cWoIf eO
-_ sDkgLsf] sfosfL k|dv eO jf
-_ sDkgLsf] ~rfnsxdWo] k|ltzteGbf a9L ~rfnsx lgoQm uL
-ordf_ Ps dxsf egL cfj4 x]sf kmd sDkgL jf Totf dxsf box
-r_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd Pp6f u|fxs jf sDkgLn] csf] u|fxs jf sDkgLnfO hdfgt lbPsf] eP Totf
u|fxs jf sDkgLx
t fli6laquoo k|fyldstfk|fKt hnljBt cfof]hgfsf] xsdf sg u|fxsn] hdfgt lbPsf] cfwfdf dfq
cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] dxdf gkg] uL ztx tf]sL 56 lbg lsg] 5 tf]lsPsf]
dodf Totf cfof]hgf DkGg gePdf otf] 56 jtM 2 xg]5
-5_ Pp6 lwtf]df PseGbf a9L JolQmxnfO shf k|jfx u]sf] eP Totf JolQmx
-h_ kmd sDkgL afx]s cGo +yfxsf] xsdf f] +yf ~rfng lgoGq0f jf Jojyfkgdf k|ToIf
+nUg JolQm jf lghsf] Psf3df af]af uL cfPsf jf 5sectfleGg ePsf klt jf kTgL 5f]f 5f]L
wdkq wdkqL afa cfdf ft]gL cfdf cfkmn] kfngkf]if0f ug kg] bfh efO tyf lbbL alxgL
^= cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] ljj0f k7fpg kg]
Pp6f u|fxs jf cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] clen]v cwjflifs kdf tof uL Ps dlxgfleq
o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu tyf DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 149
amp= cnu dxsf] kdf lnOg] Jojyf
g]kfn sfsf] k0f jf ) k|ltzt eGbf a9L jfldTj ePsf] +ul7t +yf jf sDkgLnfO 5sect -cnu_
dxsf] kdf lnOg] 5
= clws]lGb|t hf]lvd (Concentration Risk) GogLs0f ug] Jojyf
sg Pp6f u|fxs kmd sDkgL jf cfkL DaGw ePsf u|fxsxsf] dxnfO aFbf g+= -_ sf] pkaFbf -_
df tf]lsPsf] LdfeGbf a9L shf fk6 jf ljwf k|bfg u]df o lgb]zgsf] pNn+3g ePsf] dflgg]5
Totf] cjyfaf6 pTkGg xg Sg] clws]lGb|t hf]lvd vfDgsf] nflu LdfeGbf a9L k|bfg ulPsf] shf
fk6 jf ljwfsf] zt k|ltzt yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf (Loan Loss Provision) sfod ug kg]5
(= 7nf C0fLxsf] shf ljj0f k]z ug kg]M
o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf x]sf 7nf C0fL -aeligsAElig jusf nflu = sf]8
tyf aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf nflu = sf]8 eGbf a9L shf pkof]u ug]_ sf] shf DaGwL ljj0f
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf dli6ut kdf tof uL qdfls kdf qodf dfKt ePsf] ldltn] lbgleq
o a+ssf] lkf]l6ordf kf]6ndf u|fxssf] ljj0f 7nf C0fLsf] dxsf]] ljj0f sf]ifdf cfwflt shf
usf]ifdf cfwflt shf DaGwL ljj0f k]z ugkg]5 otf] ljj0f k]z ubf x]s u|fxsnfO DalGwt
dxdf g fVg kg]5
)= If]qut shf DaGwL Jojyf
-_ hf]lvd lgoGq0f ugsf] nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] kofKt cfGtls gLlt lgodsf] Jojyf uL
If]qut shf 3gtfsf] cgudg ug kg]5 t o a+sn] lgb]zg lbPdf aFbf g+= adf]lhd
yk shf gf]SfgL Jojyf ug kg]5 cy Jojyfsf ljleGg If]qxsf] rL +nUg lgb]zg
kmf=g+= = df pNn]v ulPsf] 5
-_ If]qut kdf k|jfx ulPsf] shf tyf ljwfnfO Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] shf 3gtf cgf
b]xfo adf]lhd bO txdf 56OslashfP cgudg lgoGq0f tyf rgf k|0ffnLsf] Jojyf ug kg]5 Mndash
-kmf=g=+ (= sf] 9fFrf cgf_
-s_ tx M k|fylds kFhLsf] ) - )) k|ltztDd Pp6 If]qdf k|jflxt shf fk6 ljwf
otf] shfsf] dfkg cgudgsf] sfoljlw tyf rgf k|0ffnLsf] Jojyf Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yf cfkmn] uL sDtLdf qdfls kdf cgudg ug kg]5
-v_ tx M k|fylds kFhLsf] zt k|ltzteGbf a9L Pp6 If]qdf k|jflxt shf fk6 ljwfsf
DaGwdf otf] shfsf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfns ldltaf6 d]t cgdf]bg
ufOPsf] xg kg]5 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfns ldltn] Totf shfxsf] Ldf
k|fylds kFhLsf] zt k|ltzt eGbf a9L sfod fVg] jf gfVg] eGg] DaGwdf jflifs kdf
lg0fo ug kg]5
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf -sg Ps cflys If]qdf dfq shf k|jfx ug jLs[lt kfPsf
ljQLo +yf afx]s_ n] sg Ps If]qdf cfgf] sn afFsL shf fk6sf] a9Ldf $) k|ltztDd
shf k|jfx ug kfOg] Jojyf ulPsf] 5 okj $) k|ltzteGbf sd Ldf tf]lsPsf If]qxiquestdf
eg] f]xL adf]lhd xg]5
-$_ 3hUuf tyf lon 6]6 shf DaGwL Jojyf M
-s_ sf7df8f+ pkTosfleqsf] lon6]6 shf f]sf] lwtf] If0fsf] Fair Market Value aLrsf]
cgkft (Loan to Value Ratio) a9Ldf $) k|ltzt cGo yfgsf] xsdf a9Ldf )
k|ltztDd dfq sfod ug kg]5 tgLlh cfjfLo 3 shf (Personal Residential
Home Loan) lgodfgf btf eO ~rfngdf x]sf g]kfn sfaf6 jLs[lt k|fKt 3
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 150
lgdf0f Jojfo sDkgLxnfO cfjfLo 3 lgdf0fsf] nflu k|bfg ulg] shfsf] xsdf
otf] cgkft - Loan to Value Ratio_ a9Ldf ^) k|ltztDd sfod ug lsg]5
-v_ klxnf] k6s 3 vlb ug] JolQm -First Home Buyer_ nfO b]xfosf] ztxsf] cwLgdf xL
k|bfg ulg] = sf]8 ) nfvDdsf] cfjfLo 3 shfdf loan to value ratio a9Ldf amp)
k|ltztDd sfod ug lsg]5
-c_ C0fL cfkmn] dfq k|of]u ug] uL a9Ldf xhf julkm6Ddsf] 3divideapartment xgkg]
-cf_ sgklg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfaf6 o kj 3divide apartment lgdf0f jf vlb shf glnPsf]
olsg ug kg]
-O_ o ljwf cGtut shf k|bfg ubf 3ef8fnfO C0fLsf] cfDbfgLsf] gtf]tsf] kdf
b]vfpg gkfOg]
-O_ shfsf] Jofhb j[l4 ePdf kj lgwflt dfls lstf j[l4 guL shf eQmfg xg] Jojyf
ldnfpgkg]
-u_ cfjfLo 3 shf Jofjflos ejg tyf cfjfLo ckf6d]06 lgdf0f shf lgdf0f DkGg
eO cfo cfhg ug yfn]sf] Jofkfls sDKn]S shf tyf cGo lon 6]6 shf -hUufhdLg
vlb tyf Knl6+u shf d]t_ uL sn shfsf] k|ltzteGbf a9L gxg] uL shf Ldf
tf]lsPsf] 5 fy cGo lon 6]6 shf -hUufhdLg vlb tyf Knl6+u shf d]t_ sf]
nflu k|jfx xg] shfsf] Ldf sn shfsf] ) k|ltzt sfod ulPsf] 5 3hUuf tyf
lon 6]6 shf DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd ugkg]5 M
-_ lon 6]6 shf fk6 eGgfn] lgb]zg g+= ( sf] lgb]zg kmf= g+= (= -s_ k|of]hg
cgfsf] shf fk6df plNnlvt k|i6Ls0fsf] l=g+= ^ sf] lon 6]6 shfnfO
aemfpg] 5
-_ shf k|jfx ubf dfly plNnlvt Ldf gfpoundg]uL Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] pQm
k|of]hgdivideProduct xdf k|bfg u]sf] shfsf] kg+rgf jf gjLs0f ug kfpg] 5gg
-_ du| Ldf sfod ug] lnlnfdf sg shf ljz]ifnfO eQmfgL Dofb cufj cnL ug]
uL snAofs ug o Jojyfn] afWo ufPsf] 5g Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] k|To]s
shfsf] lstfjGbLsf] cfwfdf sfod fv]sf] eQmfgL DofbDd f] shfnfO f]xL lstf
adf]lhd shf cn ug lsg] 5
-$_ o JojYff cGtut sfod ulPsf] shf Ldf gf3]df gf3]hlt sdsf] nflu sn
hf]lvd eflt DklQsf] u0fgf ubf ) k|ltztsf] hf]lvd ef k|bfg ug kg]5
-_ axcfjfLo 3sf nflu Ps dfq a+sn] shf k|jfx ug] eP f]xL a+s xndashljQLos0f
cGtutsf] shf eP cujf a+sdf ckf6d]G6 vlbstfxn] Down Payment jf alsEuml
vNnf u]kl5 hDdf u]sf] sd clgjfokn] DalGwt a+s jf cujf a+sdf hDdf
ufOPsf] xg kg]5
-_ JolQmut cfjfLo 3 shf -Home Loan_ DaGwL Jojyf
-_ pkaFbf g+= $ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd Ldf u0fgf ubf = sf]8 ) nfv jf f] eGbf
sdsf] JolQmut cfjfLo 3 shfnfO dfj]z ugkg]5g
-_ JolQmut cfjfLo 3 shf eGgfn] a+sdivideljQLo +yfn] u|fxssf] cfo|f]t x]L f] |f]tn]
kofKt wfGg] lstf sfod uL pQm u|fxsn] cfkm+ k|of]u ug] jf ef8fdf nufpg] p2]Zon]
3 lgdf0f 3divideckf6d]G6 vlbsf] nflu k|jfx u]sf] cfjfLo 3 shf -Home Loan_ nfO
dfq aemfpg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 151
-_ of] v08 adf]lhdsf] JolQmut cfjfLo 3 shf k|jfx ubf a+sdivideljQLo +yf cfkm+n]
Product Paper tof uL DalGwt +yfsf] ~rfns ldltn] jLs[t u] kZrft dfq
otf] k|s[ltsf] shf k|jfx ug kg]5
-$_ of] v08 adf]lhdsf] JolQmut cfjfLo 3 shf Pp6f a+sdivideljQLo +yfaf6 Pp6f
kljfnfO Pp6fDd dfq k|bfg ug lsg] 5
-^_ 3divideejg lgdf0f DaGwL Jojyf M
-s_ gukflnsf If]qleqsf] 3divideejgsf] If0fdf jf 3divideejg lgdf0fsf nflu shf k|jfx ubf
3divideejg lgdf0f DaGwdf DalGwt yfgLo txdividesfofnoaf6 hfL dfkb08x kf
u]dividegu]sf] olsg uL gSfkf cfjZostf cgf cGo lgsfosf] jLs[lt 3divideejg
lgdf0f DkGg k|df0fkqdividek|df0fLs0fdivide clen]vLs0f nufotsf sfuhftx lng] Jojyf
ug kg]5
-v_ 3divideejg lgdf0fsf nflu shf k|bfg ubf dxfgukflnsf pkdxfgukflnsf gukflnsf
g]kfn sfn] g]kfn fhkqdf rgf k|sfzg uL fli6laquoo ejg +lxtf nfu u]sf
ufFpkflnsfdf fli6laquoo ejg +lxtf cg0f uL lgdf0f ulg] ejgxdf dfq shf k|jfx
ug kg]5
l6Kk0fLM aeligPp6 If]qdf k|jflxt shfAElig eGgfn] cyJojyfsf] Ps If]qsf u|fxsxdf k|jflxt shf fk6 hdfgt
jrgj4tf k|tLtkq htf ljwfx Demg k5
-amp_ lghL k|of]hgsf jfL fwg shf DaGwL Jojyf M
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn ] JolQmut k|of]hgsf nflu jfL fwg vlb ug shf k|jfx ubf f]
jfL fwgsf] dNosf] clwstd ) k|ltzt JolQmut ljBtLo jfL fwgsf] xsdf
) k|ltztDd dfq ug kg]5
= vf]hL jrfpm M
-_ o a+saf6 ocl3 hfL ulPsf b]xfosf lgb]zgx vf]h ulPsf] 5 Mndash
PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ sf] Psn u|fxs tyf If]qut shf fk6 ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0f
DaGwL Jojyf O=k|f lgb]zg g+= divide)amp^ af6 hfL ulPsf] lgb]zg tyf f] kZrft ldlt )ampamp
ebf ut]Dd hfL ePsf o ljifoFu DalGwt Dk0f klkqx
-_ pkaFbf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf lgb]zg tyf klkq adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL o
lgb]zg adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 152
g]=f=a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= =
If]qut shf
-= bz nfvdf_
qm=
+=
pBf]udivideIf]qx sd = k|fylds kFhLsf] k|ltzt sn shf fk6sf]
k|ltzt
s[lif jg DaGwL
= cGgafnL
= tsfL afnL
= lrofdivideskmL
=$ lt
= gkf6
=^ cGo gub] afnL
=amp kmnkmn tyf kik v]tL
= zLt e08f0f
=( dnvfb tyf ls6gfzs
=) kzkfngdividekz awzfnf
= k+IfL kfng
= dfxL kfng
= cGo s[lif tyf s[lif hGo ]jfx
=$ l+rfO
= jg
df5fkfng DaGwL
vfgL DaGwL
= wft tyf wfp -kmnfd lf OToflb_
= sf]Onf
= rg9Eumlf
=$ DofUg]fO6
= vL
=^ t]n tyf Uof k|zf]rg (Extraction)
=amp vfgL DaGwL cGo
$ s[lif ag tyf k]okbfy pTkfbg DaGwL
$= vfB pTkfbg -Kofs ug] k|f]]lEuml ug]_
$= s[lif jg kbfjf pTkfbg
$== lrgL
$== lt k|zf]wg
$== lrfg tyf sfi7 pTkfbgdividekmlgr
$==$ cGo
$= k]o kbfy -ljo dbLf f]8f OToflb_
$== dlbfhGo
$== dlbflxt
uvfB jt pTkfbg DaGwL
= xtsnf
= agfO (Textile) pTkfbg Pjd tofL kf]zfs
= sfuh tyf Da4 pTkfbg
=$ 5kfO tyf k|sfzg
= cfifwL
=^ k|zf]lwt t]n tyf sf]Onf pTkfbg
=amp vf]6f] tyf tflkg
= asf] 6fo
=( 5fnf
=) Knfli6s
= ld]06
= kTy df6f] tyf lfsf pTkfbgx
= cGo lgdf0f fdu|L pTkfbg
=$ wft ndash cfwfet kmnfd tyf l6n Knf06
= wft ndash cGo KnfG6divideHofn
=^ ljljw pTkfbg
^ lgdf0f
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 153
^= cfjfLo -3foL k|of]hg_
^= u cfjfLo -Jofkfls k|of]hg_
^= a[xt (Heavy) lgdf0f -fhdfu kn OToflb_
amp ljBt Uof kfgL
amp= phf
amp== hnljBt
amp== gjLs0fLo phf
amp= cGo ljBt ]jf
amp= UofF tyf UofF kfOk nfOg ]jf
amp=$ kfgL
wftsf pTkfbgx d]lgL tyf On]S6laquof]lgs cfhf tyf
h8fg
= h8fg ulPsf (Fabricated) wftsf fdfgx
= d]lzg cfhf
== s[lif hGo
== d]lzgL ndash lgdf0f t]n If]q vfgL DaGwL
== d]lzgL ndash clkm Pjd sDKol6Euml (Computing)
==$ d]lzgL ndash cGo a
= ljBtLo pks0f
=$ 3foL pks0f Pjd cGo vKg] fdfg
= +rf pks0f
=^ On]S6laquof]lgs kf6khf
=amp lrlsTf DaGwL pks0f
= h]g]]6x
=( 3sect (Turbines)
( oftfoft e08f +rf
(= df]6uf8L kf6khf tyf xfos fdu|Lx
(= h]6af]6dividehn oftfoft
(= jfoofg tyf jfoofgsf] kf6khf
(=$ oftfoft DaGwL cGo pTkfbgx
(= ]ndfu tyf 8s ofqL cf]fkfsf fwgx
(=^ 6laquos ]jf tyf uf]bfd Jojyf
(=amp cGo a ]jf
) yf]s tyf vb|f ljq]mtf
)= yf]s Jofkf ndash vKg] fdfg
)= yf]s Jofkf ndash gvKg] fdfg
)= Automotive Dealerfranchise
)=$ cGo vb|f Jofkf
)= cfoft Jofkf
)=^ lgoft Jofkf
ljQ aLdf tyf crn DklQ
= aeligsAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfx
= aeligvAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfx
= aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfx
=$ aelig3AElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfx
= art tyf C0f xsfL +yfx
=^ k]Gg sf]if tyf aLdf +yfx
=amp cGo ljQLo +yf
= u ljQLo sfL +yfg
=( lghL u ljQLo +yfgx
= cGo nufgL +yfx
= crn DklQ (Real Estate)
ko6g ]jf
= 6]laquolsEuml 6laquofen Ph]GL kjtff]x0f lf]6 fl6Euml SoflDkEuml
cflb
= xf]6n -cGo ]jf d]t_
= dgf]+hg llqmPg rnlrq
cGo ]jfx
= lj1fkg ]jf
= Automotive ]jf
= cGo a ]jf sDkgLx
=$ cktfn lSnlgs OToflb
= lzIff ]jf
$ pkef]Uo shf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 154
$= g rfFbL
$= d2tL lb
$= If0f kq
$=$ q]ml86 sf8
$= xfo kr]h -JolQmut pkof]u shf_
yfgLo sf
^ cGo
hDdf
gf]6 M pkoQmfgf plNnlvt zLifsxdWo] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +Yffn] cfkmn] ug kfpg] ljQLo sff]afxFu DalGwt
zLifsx dfq k|of]udf Nofpg kg]5
ldlt clws[t btvt
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 155
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= $divide)ampamp
n]vfgLlt tyf ljQLo ljj0fxsf] 9fFrf DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] kfngf ugkg] n]vfgLlt tyf ljQLo
ljj0fxsf] 9fFrf DaGwdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf amp( n] lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL b]xfosf
lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
-_ ljQLo ljj0f DaGwL Jojyf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] b]xfosf] Jojyf adf]lhd ljQLo ljj0f tof ug kg]5
s= cflys jifM
cflys jif eGgfn] k|To]s jifsf] fpg ut]b]lv csf] jifsf] cf dfGtDdsf] cjlwnfO
hgfpg]5 t +yfkgf ePsf] jifsf nflu +yfkgf ePsf] ldltb]lv cf dfGtDdsf]
cjlwnfO cflys jif dfGg kg]5
v= o a+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfnfO jwflgs 9fFrf (Statutory Form) sf] kdf lng kg]
o a+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrf ljlw cgf ljQLo ljj0f tof ug kg]5 ok|sf tof ulPsf]
ljQLo ljj0fsf] n]vfkLIf0f a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp df tf]lsPsf] dofjlwleq
DkGg ufpg kg]5
u= k|rlnt n]vf dfkb08sf] cgz0f ug kg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cfgf] ljQLo ljj0f g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg (NFRSs) cgf tof ug
kg]5 g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfgn] dfj]z gu]sf If]qxdf cGtfli6laquoo ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg
(IFRSs) nfO cfwfsf] kdf lng kg]5
3= jflifs ljQLo ljj0f k|sfzg ug kg]
sfggL Jojyf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq n]vfkLIf0f DkGg eOs]kl5 ljQLo ljj0f jflifs k|ltj]bg
kltsfdf k|sflzt ugsf fy jflifs kltsf cfgf] j]afO6df cBfjlws ug kg]5 fy
jfwf0fsf] hfgsfLsf nflu ljQLo cjyfsf] ljj0f gfkmf jf gf]Sfgsf] ljj0f ljt[t cfosf]
ljj0f (Statement of Comprehensive Income) gub k|jfx ljj0f OlSj6Ldf ePsf] kljtgsf] ljj0f
o O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= adf]lhdsf] kFhLsf]if tflnsf k|dv ljQLo rsf+s cgfsf] ljj0f
fli6laquootsf] klqsfdf a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp df tf]lsPsf] dofjlw leq
clgjfo kdf k|sflzt ug kg]5
ordf= cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ug kg]
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] PsLs[t ljQLo k|ltj]bg nufot k|dv ljQLo klrsx -Major
Financial Indicators_ sf] cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg -+lIfKt k|ltj]bg_ o k|of]hgsf nflu
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf x]s qodfsf] dlxgf Joltt ePsf] ldltn] lbgleq sg Ps
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 156
fli6laquootsf] blgs klqsfdf clgjfo kdf k|sflzt uL f]sf] Ps k|lt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf
lgodg ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefunfO d]t pknAw ufpg kg]5 fy cGtld
ljQLo k|ltj]bgsf] ljt[t ljj0f o a+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf cfgf] j]afO6df fVg kg]5
oL ljt[t cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg j]afO6df flvPsf] Joxf]f klqsfdf k|sfzg ulg]
k|ltj]bgdf d]t pNn]v ug kg]5
-_ cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ubf clgjfo kdf cfGtls n]vfkLIfsaf6 k|dfl0ft ufP
dfq k|sfzg ug kg]5
-_ x]s cflys jifsf] cGTodf DalGwt +yfsf] cklis[t cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg
n]vfkLIf0f ePsf] ljQLo ljj0f aLr b]lvPsf] cGt DaGwdf sf0f vnfO tflnsfs kdf
+yfsf] jflifs k|ltj]bgsf] cnUu kfgfdf o a+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf k|sflzt ug kg]5
-$_ cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|sflzt ubf pQm cjlwsf] sdrfL af]g sdrfLFu DalGwt
vrx tyf cfos nufotsf Dk0f vrx Pjd lgodgsfL dfof]hg d]tnfO dfj]z
u] dfq k|sflzt ug kg]5
-_ jfwf0fsf] hfgsfLsf nflu cklis[t cGtld ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ubf aeligklj]If0f
ug] lgsfo tyf jfXo n]vfkLIfsn] ykdivide36 ug lgb]zg lbPdf klis[t ljQLo ljj0fdf kms
kg Sg]5AElig eGg] Joxf]fsf] km6gf]6 fvL k|sfzg ug kg]5
-^_ P]g gLlt lgod tyf lgb]zgdf ki6 ulPsf ljifodf d]t Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf
Jojyfkgn] dod dfof]hg guL ljQLo k|ltj]bgdf kms k]sf] cjyfdf DalGwt
+yfnfO cfjZos sfjfxL ulg]5
r = o lgb]zgsf] k|of]hg DaGwdf
o lgb]zg adf]lhd a+sn] cfgf] n]vfgLlt cgf n]vfIacuteg dNofIacuteg tyf k|ttLs0f u]sf shf
lgIf]k nufotsf cGo Dklt tyf bfloTjx k0f kdf ljQLo ljj0f k|ttLs0fsf nflu dfq
k|of]u ug kfOg]5 o a+ssf] ljleGg lgb]zg adf]lhd o a+ssf ljleGg ljefuxdf k]z ug kg]
tyf k|sfzg ug kg] tYofIacute o a+ssf] DalGwt lgb]zg adf]lhd g xg]5 fy o a+ssf]
lgb]zg adf]lhd o a+ssf] ljleGg ljefu tyf sfofnoxdf k]z ug kg] ljleGg tYofIacute kmffd
tyf k|sfzg ug kg] uL tf]lsPsf ljj0f DaGwL cGo sg klg lgb]zgnfO o lgb]zgn] jfwf
kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
5= cfGtls k|of]hgsf nflu tof ulg] n]vf ljj0f DaGwdf
o lgb]zgn] DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] cfGtls k|of]hgsf] lgldQ tof ulg] cGo n]vf
ljj0f tof ug jfwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
h= o a+sn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf zLifsdf sg kljtg ug gkfOg] DaGwdf
ljQLo ljj0fsf] sg zLifs cGtut sd gx]sf] eP tfklg f] zLifs sfod fvL o a+sn]
tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf sg kljtg ug kfOg] 5g t cgrLdf pNn]v ePsf] aeligcGoAElig zLifsleq xg]
uL cfjZostf cgf c zLifs dfj]z ug lsg]5
em= jflifs ljQLo ljj0fx k]z ug kg]
cfgf] jflifs lxfasf] cfwfdf tof kf]sf] jflifs ljQLo ljj0f jfXo n]vfkLIfsaf6 k|flDes
n]vfkLIf0f sfo dfKt ePkl5 tof ePsf] k|flDes k|ltj]bg f] k|ltj]bg pk Jojyfkgsf]
hjfkm tyf f]sf cfwfdf o a+sn] tf]lslbPsf] 9fFrfdf tof kflPsf] ljQLo ljj0f cflys jif
dfKt ePsf] dlxgfleq DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf jLs[ltsf nflu k]z ug kg]5 pQm
ljj0fsf DaGwdf o a+ssf] undashynut klj]If0faf6 sg +zf]wg ug kg] lgb]zg ePdf f]
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 157
adf]lhd dfof]hg uL cflys jif dfKt ePsf] $ dlxgf leq -Dofb yk ePsf] cjyfdf a9Ldf
yk bO dlxgfleq_ n]vfkLIf0f sfo DkGg ug kg]5 fy dfof]lht ljQLo ljj0f
n]vfkLIfssf] clGtd k|ltj]bg tyf n+ukmd cl86 lkf]6 (Long Form Audit Report LFAR)
n]vfkLIf0f DkGg ePsf] lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefuxdf k]z ug kg]5
jflifs fwf0f efdf jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug] k|of]hgfy tof u]sf] jflifs lxfa (Annual
Accounts) o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefusf] xdlt lnP dfq fjhlgs ug kg]5
-_ ljQLo ljj0f tof ulg] cfwf tyf k|dv n]vfgLlt
-s_ ljQLo ljj0f tof ubf g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg (NFRSs) adf]lhd tof ug kg]5 g]kfn n]vf
k|ltj]bgdfgn] dfj]z gu]sf If]qxdf cGtfli6laquoo ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg (IFRSs) nfO cfwfsf]
kdf lng kg]5
-v_ ljj0f tof ubf ckgfOg] n]vfgLltx g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg (NFRSs) df pNn]lvt Jojyfsf]
cwLgdf xL Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf ~rfns ldltaf6 kflt ufO cjnDag u]adf]lhd xg]5
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] ckgfPsf n]vfgLltxsf] JofVofTds ljj0f ljQLo ljj0fsf] n]vf
DaGwL l6Kk0fL cGtut k|dv n]vfgLlt (Significant Accounting Policies) zLifsdf pNn]v ug kg]5
n]vfgLltx kljtg ug k]df g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg (NFRSs) sf] cwLgdf xL kljtg ug
lsg] 5 kljtg ulPsf] n]vfgLltxsf] ljj0f ljQLo ljj0fsf] n]vf DaGwL l6Kk0fL cGtut
Basis of Preparation sf] Changes in Accounting Policies cGtut pNn]v ug kg]5
-_ lgodgsfL dfof]hg
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cjnDag u]sf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd sfod xg] vb dgfkmfaf6 a+s tyf ljQLo
+yf DaGwL P]g )amp tyf o a+ssf] lgb]zg adf]lhdsf] awflgs tyf cGo sf]ifxdf sd
afF8kmfF8 uL afFsL x]sf] dgfkmfaf6 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lgodgsfL dfof]hg uL sfod ePsf] sdaf6
nfef+z ljj0f ug lsg]5
-s_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] klxnf] NFRSs Compliant ljQLo ljj0f tof ubf Opening Statement of
Financial Position tyf ut jifsf] ljQLo ljj0fdf NFRSs adf]lhd ljleGg zLifsxdf dfof]hg
uL l~rt dgfkmfdf sd hDdf u]sf]df f] afasf] sdnfO Statement of Changes in Equity
dfkmt l~rt dgfkmf (Retained Earning) vftf vr uL lgodgsfL sf]if (Regulatory Reserve) df
hDdf ug kg]5
-v_ klxnf] NFRSs Compliant ljQLo ljj0f tyf To kZrftsf jifxsf] ljQLo ljj0fxdf b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] lgodgsfL dfof]hg uL lgodgsfL sf]if (Regulatory Reserve) df sd hDdfdividevr
ug kg]5
-c_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd n]vfIacuteg ulPsf] shfsf] Aofh cfDbfgL dWo] o
a+ssf] lgb]zg adf]lhd k|f]befjL cfwf (Accrual Basis) df n]vfIacuteg ulg] Aofh cfDbfgL -htM
o a+ssf] kj jLs[lt lnO fli6laquoo k|fyldstfk|fKt If]qdf nufgL ulPsf] shfdf kFhLs0f
ulPsf] Aofh sd tyf cflys jif dfKt ePsf] lbgleq k|fKt ePsf] Aofh sd_
afx]ssf cGo k|fKt xg afFsL Aofh cfDbfgL afasf] sddf k|rlnt lgodfgfsf] cfos
tyf sdrfL af]g s66f uL afFsL] sdnfO l~rt dgfkmf (Retained Earning) nfO vr
uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug kg]5 pQm Aofh sd k|fKt xg cfPdf lgodgsfL
sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf (Retained Earning) df lkmtf ug lsg]5
t cf=j )amp^divideampamp sf] nflu otf] cjlw )ampamp cf]h dfGtDd sfod ulPsf] 5
pbfx0fsf] nflu )ampamp cf dfGt leqdf cn xgkg] Aofh sd )ampamp cf]h
dfGtDddf cn ePdf Totf] sdnfO a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] )ampamp cf dfGtsf]
cfDbfgLdf n]vfordfsg ug Sg]5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 158
-cf_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] x]s shfdf cfgf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd n]vfIacuteg ug] xfgL gf]SfgL
(Impairment Loss) tyf o a+ssf] O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= adf]lhd sfod xg] shf gf]SfgL
Jojyf (Loan Loss Provision) sf] ljt[t ljj0f k|To]s qodfdf tof ug kg]5 NFRSs
adf]lhd n]vfIacuteg xg] shf xfgL gf]SfgLsf] sd O=k|f= lgb]zg g+= adf]lhd sfod xg] shf
gf]SfgL Jojyf sd eGbf sd ePdf sd ePhlt sd jflifs kdf l~rt dgfkmf
(Retained Earning) vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug kg]5 NFRSs adf]lhd
n]vfIacuteg xg] shf xfgL gf]SfgLsf] sd a9b uPdf f] a9]hlt sd lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6
l~rt dgfkmfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-O_ a+sn] g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg -NFRSs) adf]lhd Fair value through profit or loss df n]vfIacuteg
u]sf] nufgLsf fy cGo sg DklQxdf Fair value gain (unrealized gain) ePdf pQm gfkmf
sdnfO l~rt dgfkmf (Retained Earning) vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug
kg]5 lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] sd NFRSs adf]lhd DalGwt DklQsf] Fair value
gain 36]sf] jf Fair value loss ePsf] cjyfdf f] sdnfO jflifs kdf lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6
l~rt dgfkmfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-O_ cfgf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd n]vfIacuteg ulPsf] u alsEuml DklQsf] sn sddf k|rlnt
lgodfgfsf] cfos tyf sdrfL af]g s66f uL afFsL] sdnfO u alsEuml DklQ sf
ubfsf] jifdf l~rt dgfkmf vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug kg]5 otf]
sd u alsEuml DklQ laqmL ePsf] jifdf jf jk|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u u]sf] jifdf
lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf vftfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-p_ ljQLo cjyfsf] ljj0fdf x]sf] yug s DklQ afasf] sd l~rt dgfkmf vftfnfO
vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug kg]5 yug ssf] kg u0fgf ubf yug s
DklQsf] dNo (Carrying Amount) df sdL cfPsf] jifdf sdL cfPsf] afasf] sd
lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf vftfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-pm_ cfgf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd Goodwill n]vfIacuteg ubf n]vfIacuteg ubfsf] jifdf Goodwill sf] lstfaL
dNo -Carrying Amount_ afasf] sd l~rt dgfkmf vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf
hDdf ug kg]5 fy Goodwill sf] xfgL gf]SfgL (Impairment Loss) gfkmf gf]Sfg lxfjdf
vr n]vfIacuteg uL Goodwill sf] lstfaL dNo -Carrying Amount_ 36]sf] cjyfdf xfgL gf]SfgL
afasf] sd lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf vftfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-C_ cfgf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd Mergeracquisition af6 llht Bargain Purchase Gain sf] n]vfIacuteg
u]df n]vfIacuteg ubfsf] jifdf f]sf] lstfaL dNo -Carrying Amount_ afasf] sd l~rt
dgfkmf vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug kg]5 f] sd Bonus Share hfL
ug] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq k|of]u ug lsg] 5 fy Bargain Purchase Gain sf] sdaf6 Bonus
Share jLs[ltsf nflu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ubf f]sf]] ljt[t ljj0f lxt k]z
ug kg]5 o a+saf6 jLs[lt k|bfg ePsf] cjyfdf Bonus Share hfL u]sf] sdDd
lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf vftfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-P_ cfgf] n]vfgLlt adf]lhd sdrfL vrsf] n]vfIacuteg ubf jLdf+lss dNofIacuteg (Actuary Valuation)
adf]lhd lhgf ePsf] Actuarial Loss nfO Other Comprehensive Income df n]vfIacuteg ePsf]
cjyfdf f] afasf] sd l~rt dgfkmf vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug
kg]5 Actuarial Loss sd ePdf sd ePhlt sd lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 l~rt dgfkmf
vftfdf lkmtf ug lsg]5
-P]_ n]vfgLlt adf]lhd sg vr sd gfkmf gf]Sfg lxfadf n]vfIacuteg geO Other Comprehensive
Income dfkmt jf f]em OlSj6Ldf n]vfIacuteg eO OlSj6L lxfj cGtutsf] DalGwt zLifs
C0ffTds ePdf f] afasf] l~rt dgfkmf vftfnfO vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ug
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 159
kg]5 sg cflys jifdf f]xL zLifsdf cfDbfgL n]vfIacuteg ePsf] cjyfdf f] cfDbfgL
afasf] sd -lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] sd eGbf a9L gxg] uL_ lgodgsfL sf]ifdf
vr uL l~rt dgfkmf vftfdf hDdf ug lsg]5
-cf]_ dfyL pNn]lvt Jojyf afx]ssf DalGwt klj]If0f ljefun] lgb]zg lbPadf]lhdsf] sd
lgodgsfL sf]ifdf dfof]hg ug kg]5
-cf_ l~rt dgfkmf vr uL lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] sd lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 kgM
l~rt dgfkmfdf lkmtf xg] cjyf ePdf lgodgsfL sf]ifaf6 lkmtf xg] sd f] sf]ifdf
hDdf ePsf] sd eGbf a9L xg] 5g
-u_ lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] sd o aFbfdf pNn]lvt Jojyf Pjd o a+sn] lbPsf] jLs[lt
afx]ssf cjyfdf vr ug kfOg] 5g
-3_ lgodgsfL sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] tyf vr ePsf] sd lxt sf]ifdf ePsf] kljtgsf] ljj0f
cfgf] ljQLo ljj0fsf] n]vf DaGwL l6Kk0fL (Notes to Accounts) df pNn]v (Disclose) ug kg]5
$= vf]hL jrfpm M
-_ o a+saf6 ocl3 hfL ulPsf b]xfosf lgb]zgx vf]h ulPsf] 5 Mndash
PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ sf] n]vfgLlt tyf ljQLo ljj0fxsf] 9fFrf DaGwL Jojyf O=k|f lgb]zg
g+= $divide)amp^ af6 hfL ulPsf] lgb]zg tyf f] kZrft ldlt ldlt )ampamp ebf ut]Dd hfL
ePsf o ljifoFu DalGwt Dk0f klkqx
-_ pkaFbf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf lgb]zg tyf klkq adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL o
lgb]zg adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 160
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As on helliphellipAsar 20helliphellip
Group
Bank
Note
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent 41
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank 42
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions 43
Derivative financial instruments 44
Other trading assets 45
Loan and advances to BFIs 46
Loans and advances to customers 47
Investment securities 48
Current tax assets 49
Investment in subsidiaries 410 Investment in associates 411 Investment property 412
Property and equipment 413 Goodwill and Intangible assets 414
Deferred tax assets 415
Other assets 416
Total Assets
Note
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions 417
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank 418
Derivative financial instruments 419
Deposits from customers 420
Borrowing 421
Current Tax Liabilities 49
Provisions 422
Deferred tax liabilities 415
Other liabilities 423
Debt securities issued 424
Subordinated Liabilities 425
Total liabilities
Equity
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 161
Share capital 426
Share premium
Retained earnings
Reserves 427
Total equity attributable to equity holders
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
Contingent liabilities and commitment 428
Net assets value per share
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss
For the year ended hellipAsar 20helliphellip
Group
Bank
Note
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Interest income 429
Interest expense 430
Net interest income
Fee and commission income 431
Fee and commission expense 432
Net fee and commission income
Net interest fee and commission income
Net trading income 433
Other operating income 434
Total operating income
Impairment charge(reversal) for loans and other
losses 435
Net operating income
Operating expense
Personnel expenses 436
Other operating expenses 437
Depreciation amp Amortization 438
Operating Profit
Non operating income 439
Non operating expense 440
Profit before income tax
Income tax expense 441
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 162
Current Tax
Deferred Tax
Profit for the year
Profit attributable to
Equity holders of the Bank
Non-controlling interest
Profit for the year
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended hellipAsar 20helliphellip
Group
Bank
Note
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income net of income tax
a) Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
Gains(losses) on revalution
Atuarial gains(losse) on defined benefit plans
Income tax relating to above items Net other comprehsive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
b) Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
Income tax relating to above items
Reclassify to profit or loss
Net other comprehsive income that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
c) Share of other comprehensive income of associate accounted as per equited method
Other comprehensive income for the year net of income tax
Total comprehensive income for the year
Total comprehensive income attributable to
Equity holders of the Bank
Non-controlling interest
Total comprehensive income for the period
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 163
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Group
Attributable to equity holders of the Bank
No
n-c
on
tro
llin
g i
nte
rest
To
tal
eq
uit
y
Sh
are
Ca
pit
al
Sh
are
pre
miu
m
Gen
era
l
rese
rv
e
Ex
cha
ng
e
equ
ali
zati
on
rese
rv
e
Reg
ula
tory
rese
rv
e
Fa
ir v
alu
e
rese
rv
e
Rev
alu
ati
on
rese
rv
e
Ret
ain
ed
earn
ing
Oth
er r
ese
rv
e
To
tal
Balance at Sawan 1 20hellip
AdjustmentRestatement
AdjustedRestated balance at Sawan 1 20hellip
Comprehensive income for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income net of tax
Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
Gains(losses) on revalution
Atuarial gains(losse) on defined benefit plans
Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
Total comprehensive income for the year
Transfer to reserve during the year
Transfer from reserve during the year
Transactions with owners directly recognised in equity
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 164
Balance at Asar end 20hellip
Balance at Sawan 1 20helliphellip
Comprehensive income for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income net of tax
Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
Gains(losses) on revalution
Atuarial gains(losse) on defined benefit plans
Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
Total comprehensive income for the year
Transfer to reserve during the year
Transfer from reserve during the year
Transactions with owners directly recognized in equity
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at Asar end 20hellip
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 165
Bank
Attributable to equity holders of the Bank
No
n-c
on
tro
llin
g
inte
rest
To
tal
eq
uit
y
Sh
are
Ca
pit
al
Sh
are
pre
miu
m
Gen
era
l
rese
rv
e
Ex
cha
ng
e
equ
ali
zati
on
rese
rv
e
Reg
ula
tory
rese
rv
e
Fa
ir v
alu
e
rese
rv
e
Rev
alu
ati
on
rese
rv
e
Ret
ain
ed
earn
ing
Oth
er
rese
rv
e
To
tal
Balance at Sawan 1 20hellip
AdjustmentRestatement
AdjustedRestated balance at Sawan 1 20hellip
Comprehensive income for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income net of tax
Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
Gains(losses) on revalution
Atuarial gains(losse) on defined benefit plans
Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
Total comprehensive income for the year
Transfer to reserve during the year
Transfer from reserve during the year
Transactions with owners directly recognised in equity
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at Asar end 20hellip
Balance at Sawan 1 20helliphellip
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 166
Comprehensive income for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income net of tax
Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
Gains(losses) on revalution
Atuarial gains(losse) on defined benefit plans
Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
Total comprehensive income for the year
Transfer to reserve during the year
Transfer from reserve during the year
Transactions with owners directly recognized in equity
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at Asar end 20hellip
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 167
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Consolidated Statement of cash flows
For the year ended helliphellipAsar 20helliphellip
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Interest received
Fees and other income received
Divided received
Receipts from other operating activities
Interest paid
Commission and fees paid
Cash payment to employees
Other expense paid
Operating cash flows before changes in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase)Decrease in operating assets
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
Placement with bank and financial institutions
Other trading assets
Loan and advances to bank and financial institutions
Loans and advances to customers
Other assets
Increase(Decrease) in operating liabilities
Due to bank and financial institutions
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
Deposit from customers
Borrowings
Other liabilities
Net cash flow from operating activities before tax paid
Income taxes paid
Net cash flow from operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of investment securities
Receipts from sale of investment securities
Purchase of property and equipment
Receipt from the sale of property and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets
Receipt from the sale of intangible assets
Purchase of investment properties
Receipt from the sale of investment properties
Interest received
Dividend received
Net cash used in investing activities
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 168
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Receipt from issue of debt securities
Repayment of debt securities
Receipt from issue of subordinated liabilities
Repayment of subordinated liabilities
Receipt from issue of shares
Dividends paid
Interest paid
Other receiptpayment
Net cash from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at Sawan 1 20helliphellip
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents held
Cash and cash equivalents at Asar end 20hellip
Name of the Bank or Financial Institution
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
for the year endedhelliphellipAsarhelliphellip
1 Reporting entity
General and background information of Bank or Financial Institution and its subsidiary This shall also include
the principal activities and location of the head office of the reporting entity
2 Basis of Preparation
21 Statement of compliance
22 Reporting period and approval of financial statements
23 Functional and presentation currency
24 Use of Estimates assumptions and judgments
25 Changes in Accounting policies
26 New standards issued but not yet effective
27 New Standards and interpretation not adopted
28 Discounting
3 Significant Accounting Policies
31 Basis of Measurement
32 Basis of consolidation
a Business combination
b non controlling interest (NCI)
c Subsidiaries
dLoss of Control
e Special Purpose Entity (SPE)
fTransaction elimination on consolidation
33 Cash andcash equivalent
34 Financial assets and financial liabilities
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 169
Recognition
Classification
Measurement
De-recognition
Determination of fair value
Impairment
35 Trading assets
36 Derivatives assets and derivative liabilities
37 Property and Equipment
38 Goodwill Intangible assets
39 Investment Property
310 Income tax
Current Tax
Deferred Tax
311 Deposits debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities
312 Provisions
313 Revenue Recognition
Interest income
Fee and commission income
Dividend income
Net trading income
Net income from other financial instrument at fair value through Profit or Loss
314 Interest expense
315 Employees Benefits
316 Leases
317 Foreign Currency translation
318 Financial guarantee and loan commitment
319 Share capital and reserves
320 Earnings per share including diluted
321 Segment reporting
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 170
Cash and cash equivalent
41
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Cash in hand
Balances with BFIs
Money at call and short notice
Other
Total
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
42
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Statutory balances with NRB
Securities purchased under resale agreement
Other deposit and receivable from NRB
Total
Placements with Bank and Financial Institutions 43
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Placement with domestic BFIs
Placement with foreign BFIs
Less Allowances for impairment
Total
Derivative financial instruments
44
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Held for trading
Interest rate swap
Currency swap
Forward exchange contract
Others
Held for risk management
Interest rate swap
Currency swap
Forward exchange contract
Other
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 171
Other trading assets
45
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Treasury bills
Government bonds
NRB Bonds
Domestic Corporate bonds
Equities
Other
Total
Pledged
Non-pledged
Loan and advances to BFIs
46
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Loans to microfinance institutions
Other
Less Allowances for impairment
Total
461 Allowances for impairment
Balance at Sawan 1
Impairment loss for the year
Charge for the year
Recoveriesreversal
Amount written off
Balance at Asar end
Loans and advances to customers
47
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Loan and advances measured at amortized cost
Less Impairment allowances
Collective impairment
Individual impairment
Net amount
Loan and advances measured at FVTPL
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 172
471 Analysis of loan and advances - By Product
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Product
Term loans
Overdraft
Trust receiptImport loans
Demand and other working capital loans
Personal residential loans
Real estate loans
Margin lending loans
Hire purchase loans
Deprived sector loans
Bills purchased
Staff loans
Other
Sub total
Interest receivable
Grand total
472 Analysis of loan and advances - By Currency
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Nepalese rupee
Indian rupee
United State dollar
Great Britain pound
Euro
Japanese yen
Chinese Yuan
Other
Total
473 Analysis of loan and advances - By Collateral
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Secured
Movableimmovable assets
Gold and silver
Guarantee of domestic BFIs
Government guarantee
Guarantee of international rated bank
Collateral of export document
Collateral of fixed deposit receipt
Collateral of Government securities
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 173
Counter guarantee
Personal guarantee
Other collateral
Subtotal
Unsecured
Grant Total
474 Allowances for impairment
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Specific allowances for impairment
Balance at Sawan 1
Impairment loss for the year
Charge for the year
Recoveriesreversal during the year
Write-offs
Exchange rate variance on foreign currency impairment
Other movement
Balance at Asar end
Collective allowances for impairment
Balance at Sawan 1
Impairment loss for the year
Charge(reversal) for the year
Exchange rate variance on foreign currency impairment
Other movement
Balance at Asar end
Total allowances for impairment
Investment securities
48
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Investment securities measured at amortized cost
Investment in equity measured at FVTOCI
Total
481 Investment securities measured at amortized cost
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Debt securities
Government bonds
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 174
Government treasury bills
Nepal Rastra Bank bonds
Nepal Rastra Bank deposits instruments
Other
Less specific allowances for impairment
Total
482 Investment in equity measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Equity instruments
Quoted equity securities
Unquoted equity securities
Total
483 Information relating to investment in equities
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Investment in quoted equity
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Investment in unquoted equity
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Total
Current tax assets
49
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous Year
Current tax assets
Current year income tax assets
Tax assets of prior periods
Current tax liabilities
Current year income tax liabilities
Tax liabilities of prior periods
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 175
Investment in subsidiaries
410
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Investment in quoted subsidiaries
Investment in unquoted subsidiaries
Total investment
Less Impairment allowances
Net carrying amount
4101 Investment in quoted subsidiaries
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Total
4102 Investment in unquoted subsidiaries
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Total
4103 Information relating to subsidiaries of the Bank
Bank
Percentage of ownership held by the
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
Group
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 176
Current Year
Ltd hellipLtd
hellipLtd hellipLtd
Equity interest held by NCI ()
Profit(loss) allocated during the year
Accumulated balances of NCI as on Asar endhelliphellip
Dividend paid to NCI
Previous Year
Ltd hellipLtd
hellipLtd hellipLtd
Equity interest held by NCI ()
Profit(loss) allocated during the year
Accumulated balances of NCI as on Asar endhelliphellip
Dividend paid to NCI
Investment in associates
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Investment in quoted associates
Investment in unquoted associates
Total investment
Less Impairment allowances
Net carrying amount
4111 Investment in quoted associates
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Total
4112 Investment in unquoted associates
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
Cost Fair
Value
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 177
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphellipshares of Rs helliphellipeach
Total
4113 Information relating to associates of the Bank
Group
Bank
Percentage of ownership
held by the Bank
Percentage of ownership
held by the Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
4114 Equity value of associates
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
Total
Investment properties
412
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Investment properties measured at fair value
Balance as on Sawan 1 helliphellip
Additiondisposal during the year
Net changes in fair value during the year
Adjustmenttransfer
Net amount
Investment properties measured at cost
Balance as on Sawan 1 helliphellip
Additiondisposal during the year
Adjustmenttransfer
Accumulated depreciation
Accumulated impairment loss
Net amount
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 178
Property and Equipment
413
Group
Particulars
La
nd
Bu
ild
ing
Lea
seh
old
Pro
per
ties
Co
mp
ute
r
amp
Acc
esso
rie
s
Veh
icle
s
Fu
rnit
ure
amp F
ixtu
re
Ma
chin
ery
Eq
uip
men
t amp
Oth
ers
To
tal
Asa
r
end
20
X2
To
tal
Asa
r
En
d 2
0X
1
Cost
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X1
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X2
Depreciation and Impairment
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Depreciation charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X1
Impairment for the year
Depreciation charge for the Year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X2
Capital Work in Progress
Net Book Value
As on Asar end 20X0
As on Asar end 20X1
As on Asar end 20X2
Bank
Particulars
La
nd
Bu
ild
ing
Lea
seh
ol
d
Pro
per
tie
s C
om
pu
te
r amp
Acc
esso
ri
es
Veh
icle
s
Fu
rnit
ur
e amp
Fix
ture
Ma
chin
e
ry
Eq
uip
me
nt
amp
Oth
ers
To
tal
31
st A
sar
20
X2
To
tal
Asa
r E
nd
20
X1
Cost
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X1
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 179
Balance as on Asar end 20X2
Depreciation and Impairment
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Depreciation charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X1
Impairment for the year
Depreciation charge for the Year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X2
Capital Work in Progress
Net Book Value
As on Asar end 20X0
As on Asar end 20X1
As on Asar end 20X2
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
414
Group
Particulars Goodwill
Software
Other
Total
Asar end
20X2
Total
Asar end
20X1 Purchased Developed
Cost
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X1
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X2
Amortization and Impairment
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Amortization charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X1
Amortization charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X2
Capital Work in Progress
Net Book Value
As on Asar end 20X0
As on Asar end 20X1
As on Asar end 20X2
Bank
Particulars Goodwill Software
Other Total
Asar end
Total
Asar end Purchased Developed
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 180
20X2 20X1
Cost
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevaluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X1
Addition during the Year
Acquisition
Capitalization
Disposal during the year
AdjustmentRevluation
Balance as on Asar end 20X2
Amortization and Impairment
As on Sawan 1 20X0
Amortization charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X1
Amortization charge for the Year
Impairment for the year
Disposals
Adjustment
As on Asar end 20X2
Capital Work in Progress
Net Book Value
As on Asar end 20X0
As on Asar end 20X1
As on Asar end 20X2
Deferred Tax
415
Group
Bank
Current Year
Current Year
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
D
efer
red
Ta
x
Lia
bil
itie
s
N
et
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
(Lia
bil
itie
s)
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
D
efer
red
Ta
x
Lia
bil
itie
s
N
et
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
(Lia
bil
itie
s)
Deferred tax on temporary differences on following items
Loan and Advance to BFIs
Loans and advances to customers
Investment properties
Investment securities
Property amp equipment
Employees defined benefit plan
Lease liabilities
Provisions
Other temporary differences
Deferred tax on temporary differences
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 181
Deferred tax on carry forward of unused tax losses
Deferred tax due to changes in tax rate
Net Deferred tax asset(liabilities) as on year end of helliphellip
Deferred tax (asset)liabilities as on sawan 1 helliphellip
Origination(Reversal) during the year
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in profit or loss
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in other comprehensive income
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in directly in equity
Previous Year
Previous Year
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
D
efer
red
Ta
x
Lia
bil
itie
s
N
et
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
(Lia
bil
itie
s)
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
D
efer
red
Ta
x
Lia
bil
itie
s
N
et
Def
erre
d
Ta
x
Ass
ets
(Lia
bil
itie
s)
Deferred tax on temporary differences on following items
Loan and Advance to BFIs
Loans and advances to customers
Investment properties
Investment securities
Property amp equipment
Employees defined benefit plan
Lease liabilities
Provisions
Other temporary differences
Deferred tax on temporary differences
Deferred tax on carry forward of unused tax losses
Deferred tax due to changes in tax rate
Net Deferred tax asset(liabilities) as on year end of helliphellip
Deferred tax (asset)liabilities as on sawan 1 helliphellip
Origination(Reversal) during the year
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in profit or loss
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in other comprehensive income
Deferred tax expense(income) recognized in directly in equity
Other assets
416
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Assets held for sale
Other non banking assets
Bills receivable
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 182
Accounts receivable
Accrued income
Prepayments and deposit
Income tax deposit
Deferred employee expenditure
Other
Total
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions 417
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Money market deposits
Interbank borrowing
Other deposits from BFIs
Settlement and clearing accounts
Other deposits from BFIs
Total
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
418
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Refinance from NRB
Standing Liquidity Facility
Lender of last report facility from NRB
Securities sold under repurchase
agreements
Other payable to NRB
Total
Derivative financial instruments
419
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Held for trading
Interest rate swap
Currency swap
Forward exchange contract
Others
Held for risk management
Interest rate swap
Currency swap
Forward exchange contract
Other
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 183
Total
Deposits from customers
420
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Institutions customers
Term deposits
Call deposits
Current deposits
Other
Individual customers
Term deposits
Saving deposits
Current deposits
Other
Total
4201 Currency wise analysis of deposit from customers
Group
Bank
Nepalese rupee
Indian rupee
United State dollar
Great Britain pound
Euro
Japenese yen
Chinese yuan
Other
Total
Borrowing
421
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Domestic Borrowing
Nepal Government
Other Institutions
Other
Sub total
Foreign Borrowing
Foreign Bank and Financial
Institutions
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 184
Multilateral Development Banks
Other Institutions
Sub total
Total
Provisions
422
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Provisions for redundancy
Provision for restructuring
Pending legal issues and tax litigation
Onerous contracts
Other
4211 Movement in provision
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Balance at Sawan 1
Provisions made during the year
Provisions used during the year
Provisions reversed during the year
Unwind of discount
Balance at Asar end
Other liabilities
423
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Liability for employees defined benefit obligations
Liability for long-service leave
Short-term employee benefits
Bills payable
Creditors and accruals
Interest payable on deposit
Interest payable on borrowing
Liabilities on deferred grant income
Unpaid Dividend
Liabilities under Finance Lease
Employee bonus payable
Other
Total
4221 Defined benefit obligations
Group
Bank
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 185
The amounts recognized in the statement of financial position are as follows
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Present value of unfunded obligations
Present value of funded obligations
Total present value of obligations
Fair value of plan assets
Present value of net obligations
Recognized liability for defined benefit obligations
4222 Plan assets
Group
Bank
Plan assets comprise
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Equity securities
Government bonds
Bank deposit
Other
Total
Actual return on plan assets
4223 Movement in the present value of defined benefit obligations
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Defined benefit obligations at Sawan 1
Actuarial losses
Benefits paid by the plan
Current service costs and interest
Defined benefit obligations at Asar end
4224 Movement in the fair value of plan assets
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Fair value of plan assets at Sawan 1
Contributions paid into the plan
Benefits paid during the year
Actuarial (losses) gains
Expected return on plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at Asar end
4225 Amount recognized in profit or loss
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current service costs
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 186
Interest on obligation
Expected return on plan assets
Total
4226 Amount recognized in other comprehensive income
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Actuarial (gain)loss
Total
4227 Actuarial assumptions
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Discount rate
Expected return on plan asset
Future salary increase
Withdrawal rate
Debt securities issued
424
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Debt securities issued designated as at fair value through profit or loss
Debt securities issued at amortized
cost
Total
Subordinated Liabilities
425
425
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Redeemable preference shares
Irredeemable cumulative preference shares (liabilities component)
Other
Total
Share capital
426
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current Year
Previous
Year
Ordinary shares
Convertible preference shares (equity component only)
Irredeemable preference shares (equity component only)
Perpetual debt (equity component
only)
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 187
4251 Ordinary shares
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Authorized Capital
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipOrdinary share of Rs 100 each
Issued capital
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipOrdinary share of Rs 100 each
Subscribed and paid up capital
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipOrdinary share of Rs 100 each
Total
4252 Ordinary share ownership
Bank
Current Year
Previous Year
Percent Amount
Percent Amount
Domestic ownership
Nepal Government
A class licensed institutions
Other licensed institutions
Other Institutions
Public
Other
Foreign ownership
Total
Note Name of each shareholder alongwith their holding percentage who holds 05 or more share shall be disclosed in
above format
Reserves
427
Group
Bank
Current Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Statutory general reserve
Exchange equalization reserve
Corporate social responsibility reserve
Capital redemption reserve
Regulatory reserve
Investment adjustment reserve
Capital reserve
Assets revaluation reserve
Fair value reserve
Dividend equalization reserve
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 188
Actuarial gain
Special reserve
Other reserve
Total
Contingent liabilities and commitments
428
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Contingent liabilities
Undrawn and undisbursed facilities
Capital commitment
Lease Commitment
Litigation
Total
4281 Contingent liabilities
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Acceptance and documentary credit
Bills for collection
Forward exchange contracts
Guarantees
Underwriting commitment
Other commitments
Total
4282 Undrawn and undisbursed facilities
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Undisbursed amount of loans
Undrawn limits of overdrafts
Undrawn limits of credit cards
Undrawn limits of letter of credit
Undrawn limits of guarantee
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 189
4283 Capital commitments
Capital expenditure approved by relevant authority of the bank but provision has not been made in financial
statements
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Capital commitments in relation to Property and Equipment
Approved and contracted for
Approved but not contracted for
Sub total
Capital commitments in relation to Intangible assets
Approved and contracted for
Approved but not contracted for
Sub total
Total
4284 Lease commitments
Group
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Operating lease commitments
Future minimum lease payments under non cancellable operating lease where the bank is lessee
Not later than 1 year
Later than 1 year but not later than 5 years
Later than 5 years
Sub total
Finance lease commitments
Future minimum lease payments under non cancellable operating lease where the bank is lessee
Not later than 1 year
Later than 1 year but not later than 5 years
Later than 5 years
Sub total
Grand total
4285 Litigation
Explanatory paragraphs are required for litigation contingent liabilities as per their own case of each bank
Interest income
429
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Cash and cash equivalent
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 190
Placement with bank and financial institutions
Loan and advances to bank and financial institutions
Loans and advances to customers
Investment securities
Loan and advances to staff
Other
Total interest income
Interest expense
430
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Due to bank and financial institutions
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
Deposits from customers
Borrowing
Debt securities issued
Subordinated liabilities
Other
Total interest expense
Fees and Commission Income
431
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Loan administration fees
Service fees
Consortium fees
Commitment fees
DDTTSwift fees
Credit cardATM issuance and renewal fees
Prepayment and swap fees
Investment banking fees
Asset management fees
Brokerage fees
Remittance fees
Commission on letter of credit
Commission on guarantee contracts issued
Commission on share underwritingissue
Locker rental
Other fees and commission income
Total fees and Commission Income
Fees and commission expense
432
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 191
ATM management fees
VISAMaster card fees
Guarantee commission
Brokerage
DDTTSwift fees
Remittance fees and commission
Other fees and commission expense
Total fees and Commission Expense
Net trading income
433
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Changes in fair value of trading assets
Gainloss on disposal of trading assets
Interest income on trading assets
Dividend income on trading assets
Gainloss foreign exchange transaction
Other
Net trading income
Other operating income
434
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Foreign exchange revaluation gain
Gainloss on sale of investment securities
Fair value gainloss on investment properties
Dividend on equity instruments
Gainloss on sale of property and equipment
Gainloss on sale of investment property
Operating lease income
Gainloss on sale of gold and silver
Other
Total
Impairment charge(reversal) for loan and other losses
435
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Impairment charge(reversal) on loan and advances to BFIs
Impairment charge(reversal) on loan and advances to customer
Impairment charge(reversal) on financial Investment
Impairment charge(reversal) on placement with banks and financial institutions
Impairment charge(reversal) on property and equipment
Impairment charge(reversal) on goodwill and intangible assets
Impairment charge(reversal) on investment properties
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 192
Personnel Expense
436
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Salary
Allowances
Gratuity expense
Provident fund
Uniform
Training amp development expense
Leave encashment
Medical
Insurance
Employees incentive
Cash-settled share-based payments
Pension expense
Finance expense under NFRSs
Other expenses related to staff
Subtotal
Employees bonus
Grand total
Other operating expense
437
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Directors fee
Directors expense
Auditors remuneration
Other audit related expense
Professional and legal expense
Office administration expense
Operating lease expense
Operating expense of investment properties
Corporate social responsibility expense
Onerous lease provisions
Other
Total
4371 Office administration expense
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Water and electricity
Repair and maintenance
(a) Building
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 193
(b) Vehicle
(c) Computer and accessories
(d) Office equipment and furniture
(e) Other
Insurance
Postage telex telephone fax
Printing and stationery
News paper books and journals
Advertisement
Donation
Security expense
Deposit and loan guarantee premium
Travel allowance and expense
Entertainment
Annualspecial general meeting expense
Other
(a) helliphelliphellip
(b) helliphelliphellip
Total
Depreciation amp Amortization
438
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Depreciation on property and equipment
Depreciation on investment property
Amortization of intangible assets
Total
Non operating income
439
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Recovery of loan written off
Other income
Total
Non operating expense
440
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Loan written off
Redundancy provision
Expense of restructuring
Other expense
Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 194
Income tax expense
441
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current tax expense
Current year
Adjustments for prior years
Deferred tax expense
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
Changes in tax rate
Recognition of previously unrecognized tax losses
Total income tax expense
4411 Reconciliation of tax expense and accounting profit
Bank
Group
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Profit before tax
Tax amount at tax rate ofhelliphelliphellip
Add Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible for tax purpose
Less Tax effect on exempt income
Addless Tax effect on other items
Total income tax expense
Effective tax rate
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 195
Statement of distributable profit or loss
For the year ended hellipAsar 20helliphellip
(As per NRB Regulation)
Bank
Current
Year
Previous
Year
Net profit or (loss) as per statement of profit or loss
Appropriations
a General reserve
b Foreign exchange fluctuation fund
c Capital redemption reserve
d Corporate social responsibility fund
e Employees training fund
f Other
Profit or (loss) before regulatory adjustment
Regulatory adjustment
a Interest receivable (-)previous accrued interest received (+)
b Short loan loss provision in accounts (-)reversal (+)
c Short provision for possible losses on investment (-)reversal (+)
d Short loan loss provision on Non Banking Assets (-)reversal (+)
e Deferred tax assets recognized (-) reversal (+)
f Goodwill recognized (-) impairment of Goodwill (+)
g Bargain purchase gain recognized (-)reversal (+)
h Actuarial loss recognized (-)reversal (+)
i Other (+-)
Distributable profit or (loss)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 196
5 Disclosure amp Additional Information
51
Risk management
Credit risk
Market risk
Liquidityrisk
Fair value of financial assets and liabilities
52
Capital management
Bank or Financial Instituion shall disclose following information in regard of capital management
(i) Qualitative disclosures
Summary information of objectives policies and processes for managing capital terms and
conditions of the main features of all capital instruments especially in the case of innovative
complex or hybrid capital instruments
(ii) Quantitative disclosures
1 Capital structure and capital adequacy
o Tier 1 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Tier 2 capital and a breakdown of its components
o Detailed information about the Subordinated Term Debts with information on the
outstanding amount maturity and amount raised during the year and amount eligible
to be reckoned as capital funds
o Deductions from capital
o Total qualifying capital
o Capital adequacy ratio
o Summary of the bank‟s internal approach to assess the adequacy of its capital to support
current and future activities if applicable and
o Summary of the terms conditions and main features of all capital instruments
especially in case of subordinated term debts including hybrid capital instruments
2 Risk exposures
o Risk weighted exposures for Credit Risk Market Risk and Operational Risk
o Risk Weighted Exposures under each of 11 categories of Credit Risk
o Total risk weighted exposure calculation table
o Amount of NPAs (both Gross and Net)
(iii) Compliance with external requirement
Whether during the period it complied with any externally imposed capital requirements to
which it is subject and the consequences of such non-compliance in case the institution has not
complied with those requirements
53
Classification of financial assets and financial liabilities
54 Operating Segment Information
1 General information
(a) Factors that management used to identify the entity‟s reportable segments
(b) Description of the types of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its revenues
2 Information about profit or loss assets and liabilities
Particulars Reportabl
e Segment
Reportabl
e Segment
Reportabl
e Segment
helliphellip
All
Other Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 197
1 2 3
(a) Revenues from external customers
(b) Intersegment revenues
(c) Net Revenue
(d) Interest revenue
(e) Interest expense
(f) Net interest revenue(b)
(g) Depreciation and amortisation
(h) Segment profit (loss)
(i)
Entity‟s interest in the profit or loss
of associates accounted for using
equity method
(j) Other material non-cash items
helliphelliphellip
helliphelliphellip
helliphelliphellip
(k) Impairment of assets
(l) Segment assets
(m) Segment liabilities
An entity shall disclose the following about each reportable segment if the specified amounts are included in the
measure of segment assets reviewed by the chief operating decision maker or are otherwise regularly provided to
the chief operating decision maker
(a) Investment in associates accounted for by the equity method
(b) Amounts of additions to non-current assets other than financial instruments deferred tax assets post-
employment benefit assets and rights arising under insurance contracts
3 Measurement of operating segment profit or loss assets and liabilities
(a) Basis of accounting for any transactions between reportable segments
(b) Nature of any differences between the measurements of the reportable segments‟ profits or losses and the
entity‟s profit or loss before income tax
(c) Nature of any differences between the measurements of the reportable segments‟ assets and the entity‟s
asset
(d) Nature of any changes from prior periods in the measurement methods used to determine reported segment
profit or loss and the effect if any and
(e) Nature and effect of any asymmetrical allocations to reportable segments
4 Reconciliations of reportable segment revenues profit or loss assets and liabilities
(a) Revenue
Total revenues for reportable segments xxxx
Other revenues xxxx
Elimination of intersegment revenues (xxxx)
Entityrsquos revenues xxxx
(b) Profit or loss
Total profit or loss for reportable segments xxxx
Other profit or loss xxxx
Elimination of intersegment profits (xxxx)
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 198
Unallocated amounts
helliphelliphelliphellip xxxx
helliphelliphelliphellip (xxxx)
Profit before income tax xxxx
(c) Assets
Total assets for reportable segments xxxx
Other assets xxxx
Unallocated amounts (xxxx)
Entityrsquos assets xxxx
(d) Liabilities
Total liabilities for reportable segments xxxx
Other liabilities xxxx
Unallocated liabilities (xxxx)
Entityrsquos liabilities xxxx
5 Information about products and services
Revenue from each type of product and services described in point no 1(b) above
(a) helliphelliphelliphellip xxxx
(b) helliphelliphelliphellip xxxx
(c) helliphelliphelliphelliphellip xxxx
6 Information about geographical areas
Revenue from following geographical areas
(a) Domestic xxxx
Province 1 xxxx
Province 2 xxxx
Province 3 xxxx
Province 4 xxxx
Province 5 xxxx
Province 6 xxxx
Province 7 xxxx
(b) Foreign xxxx
Total xxxx
7 Information about major customers
Information about the extent of its reliance on its major customers if revenue from a single external
customer amounts to 10 percent or more of the entity‟s revenue
Particular Revenue Segment
Customer 1 xxxx Segment 1
Customer 2 xxxx Segment 3
helliphelliphellip xxxx Segment 2
Total xxxx
The entity does not need to disclose the name of the customer
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 199
55 Share options and share based payment
56 Contingent liabilities and commitment
57 Related parties disclosures
58 Merger and acquisition
59 Additional disclosures of non consolidated entities
510 Events after reporting date
511 Disclosure effect of transition from previous GAAP to NFRSs
1 Reconciliation of equity
As at
01042073 As at 31032074
Ex
pla
nat
or
y N
ote
(Date of
Transition)
(End of last
period presented
under previous
GAAP)
Total equity under Previous GAAP
Adjustments under NFRSs
Impairment on loan and advances
Fair value amp employees benefit accounting of staff loan
Lease accounting
Measurement of investment securities at fair value
Revaluation of property amp equipment
Recognition of investment property
Amortisation of debt securities issued
Deferred tax
Defined benefit obligation of employees
GoodwillBargain purchase gain
Interest income
Other
helliphellip
Total Adjustment to equity
Total Equity under NFRSs
Explanatory note is required for each line item presented in adjustment on which transition effect has been
arisen
2 Reconciliation of profit or loss
For the year ended 31032074
Explanatory
Note
(the latest period presented
under previous GAAP)
Profit(Loss) for the year
Previous GAAP
Adjustments under NFRSs
Interest income
Impairment of loan and advances
Employees benefit amortisation under staff loan
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 200
Defined benefit obligation of employee
Operating lease expense
Amortisation expense of debt securities
Other operating income
Interest expense
Depreciation amp Amortisation
Other
helliphelliphellip
helliphelliphellip
Total Adjustment to profit or loss
Profit or loss under NFRSs
Other Comprehensive Income
Total Comprehensive income under NFRSs
Explanatory note is required for each line item presented in adjustment on which transition effect has been
arisen
3 Effect of NFRSs adoption for the statement of financial position
As at 01042073
(Date of Transition)
As at 31032074
(End of last period
presented under previous
GAAP)
Particulars
Ex
pla
na
to
ry N
ote
Pre
vio
us
GA
AP
Eff
ect
of
Tra
nsi
tio
n
to N
FR
Ss
Op
enin
g
NF
RS
s
sta
tem
ent
of
Fin
an
cia
l
Po
siti
on
P
rev
iou
s
GA
AP
Cu
mu
lati
v
e E
ffec
t o
f
Tra
nsi
tio
n
to N
FR
Ss
Am
ou
nt
as
per
NF
RS
s
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions
Derivative financial instruments
Other trading assets
Loan and advances to BFIs
Loans and advances to customers
Investment securities
Current tax assets
Investment in susidiaries
Investment in associates
Investment property
Property and equipment
Goodwill and Intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Other assets
Total Assets
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Instituions
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 201
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
Derivative financial instruments
Deposits from customers
Borrowing
Current Tax Liabilities
Provisions
Deferred tax liabilities
Other liabilities
Debt securities issued
Subordinated Liabilities
Total liabilities
Equity
Share capital
Share premium
Retained earnings
Reserves
Total equity attributable to equity holders
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
Explanatory note is required for each line item which has been impacted by transition
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 202
4 Effect of NFRSs adoption for statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
Ex
pla
na
tory
No
te
For the year ended 31032074
(the latest period presented under
previous GAAP)
Particulars
Pre
vio
us
GA
AP
Eff
ect
of
Tra
nsi
tio
n
to N
FR
Ss
Am
ou
nt
as
per
NF
RS
s
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Fee and commission income
Fee and commission expense
Net fee and commission income
Net interest fee and commission income
Net trading income
Other operating income
Total operating income
Impairment charge(reversal) for loans and other
losses
Net operating income
Operating expense
Personnel expenses
Other operating expenses
Depreciation amp Amortisation
Operating Profit
Non operating income
Non operating expense
Profit before income tax
Income tax expense
Current Tax
Deferred Tax
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive income
Total Comprehensive
Explanatory note is required for each line item presented in adjustment on which transition effect has been
arisen
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 203
5 Effect of NFRSs adoption for statement of cash flows
Ex
pla
na
tory
No
te
For the year ended 31032074
(the latest period presented under previous
GAAP)
Particulars
Previous
GAAP
Effect of
Transition to
NFRSs
Amount
as per
NFRSs
Net cash flows from operating activities
Net cash flows from investing activities
Net cash flows from financing activities
Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalent
Cash and cash equivalent at the beginning of the period
Cash and cash equivalent at the end of the period
Explanatory note is required for each line item
Format of Interim Financial Statements
Format of Interim Financial Statements to be published in News Paper
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Ltd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As on Quarter ended helliphellip helliphelliphelliphellip 20hellip
Group
Bank
Assets
This
Quarter
Ending
Immediate
Previous Year
Ending
This
Quarter
Ending
Immediate
Previous Year
Ending
Cash and cash equivalent
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions
Derivative financial instruments
Other trading assets
Loan and advances to BFIs
Loans and advances to customers
Investment securities
Current tax assets
Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in associates
Investment property
Property and equipment
Goodwill and Intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Other assets
Total Assets
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
Derivative financial instruments
Deposits from customers
Borrowing
Current Tax Liabilities
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 204
Provisions
Deferred tax liabilities
Other liabilities
Debt securities issued
Subordinated Liabilities
Total liabilities
Equity
Share capital
Share premium
Retained earnings
Reserves
Total equity attributable to equity holders
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Ltd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss
For the Quarter ended helliphellip helliphelliphelliphellip 20hellip
Group
Bank
Particulars
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Corresponding
Corresponding
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Fee and commission income Fee and commission expense
Net fee and commission income
Net interest fee and commission
income
Net trading income Other operating income
Total operating income
Impairment charge(reversal) for loans
and other losses
Net operating income
Operating expense Personnel expenses
Other operating expenses
Depreciation amp Amortization
Operating Profit
Non operating income Non operating expense
Profit before income tax
Income tax expense
Current Tax
Deferred Tax
Profit(loss) for the period
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 205
Profit(loss) for the period
Other Comprehensive Income
Total Comprehensive Income
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Profit attributable to
Equity holders of the Bank
Non-controlling interest
Total
Ratios as per NRB Directive
Group
Bank
Particulars
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Corresponding
Corresponding
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to This
Quarter
(YTD)
Capital fund to RWA
Non-performing loan (NPL) to total loan
Total loan loss provision to Total NPL
Cost of Funds
Credit to Deposit Ratio
Base Rate
Interest Rate Spread
Note Bank and financial institutions shall clearly mention in the interim financial report published in news paper that detailed
interim report has been published in their website
Details about the distributable profit
Net Profit for the period end helliphellip quarter XXXXX
1 Appropriations
11 Profit required to be appropriated to XXXXX
a General Reserve xxxx
b Capital Redemption Reserve xxxx
c Exchange Fluctuation Fund xxxx
d CSR Fund xxxx
e Employees Training Fund xxxx
f Other xxxx
12 Profit required to be transfered to Regulatory Reserve XXXXX
a Transferred to Regulatory Reserve xxxxx
b Transferred from Regulatory Reserve (xxxx)
Net Profit for the period end helliphellipquarter available for distribution XXXXX
Disclosure as per other regulatory requirement
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 206
Format of Interim Financial Statements to be Uploaded on Website
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Ltd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
As on Quarter ended helliphellip helliphelliphelliphellip 20hellip
Group
Bank
Assets
This
Quarter
Ending
Immediate
Previous Year
Ending
This
Quarter
Ending
Immediate
Previous Year
Ending
Cash and cash equivalent
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions
Derivative financial instruments
Other trading assets
Loan and advances to BFIs
Loans and advances to customers
Investment securities
Current tax assets
Investment in subsidiaries
Investment in associates
Investment property
Property and equipment
Goodwill and Intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Other assets
Total Assets
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions
Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
Derivative financial instruments
Deposits from customers
Borrowing
Current Tax Liabilities
Provisions
Deferred tax liabilities
Other liabilities
Debt securities issued
Subordinated Liabilities
Total liabilities
Equity
Share capital
Share premium
Retained earnings
Reserves
Total equity attributable to equity holders
Non-controlling interest
Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 207
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Ltd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss
For the Quarter ended helliphellip helliphelliphelliphellip 20hellip
Group
Bank
Particulars
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Corresponding
Corresponding
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income
Fee and commission income Fee and commission expense
Net fee and commission income
Net interest fee and commission
income
Net trading income Other operating income
Total operating income
Impairment charge(reversal) for loans
and other losses
Net operating income
Operating expense Personnel expenses
Other operating expenses
Depreciation amp Amortization
Operating Profit
Non operating income Non operating expense
Profit before income tax
Income tax expense
Current Tax
Deferred Tax
Profit for the period
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 208
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Group
Bank
Particulars
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Corresponding
Corresponding
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
Profit or loss for the period
Other comprehensive income
a) Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
-Gains(losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value
-Gain(loss) on revaluation
-Actuarial gainloss on defined benefit plans
-Income tax relating to above items
Net other compressive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
b) Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
-Gains(losses) on cash flow hedge
-Exchange gains(losses) (arising from translating financial assets of foreign operation)
-Income tax relating to above items
Net other compressive income that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
c) Share of other comprehensive income of associate accounted as per equity method
Other comprehensive income for the period net of income tax
Total Comprehensive Income for the period
Profit attributable to
Equity holders of the Bank
Non-controlling interest
Total
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share
Annualized Basic Earnings Per Share
Diluted earnings per share
Ratios as per NRB Directive
Group
Bank
Particulars Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year
Previous Year
Corresponding
Corresponding
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
(YTD)
This
Quarter
Up to This
Quarter
(YTD)
Capital fund to RWA
Total loan loss provision to Total NPL
Cost of Funds
Credit to Deposit Ratio
Base Rate
Interest Rate Spread
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 209
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipLtd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the Period (helliphelliphelliphellip tohelliphelliphelliphellip) ended helliphellip helliphelliphellip 20helliphellip
Group
Attributable to equity holders of the Bank
No
n-
con
tro
llin
g
inte
rest
Total equity
Sh
are
Cap
ital
Sh
are
pre
miu
m
Gen
eral
rese
rve
Ex
chan
ge
equ
aliz
atio
n r
eser
ve
Reg
ula
tory
rese
rve
Fai
r v
alu
e
rese
rve
Rev
alu
atio
n
rese
rve
Ret
ain
ed
earn
ing
Oth
er
rese
rve
To
tal
Balance at Sawan 1 20X0
Profit for the period
Other Comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income
Contributions from and distributions to owners
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip end 20hellip
Balance at Sawan 1 20X1
Profit for the period
Other Comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income
Contributions from and distributions to owners
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 210
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip end 20hellip
Bank
Attributable to equity holders of the Bank
No
n-c
on
tro
llin
g
inte
rest
To
tal
equ
ity
Sh
are
Cap
ital
Sh
are
pre
miu
m
Gen
eral
rese
rve
Ex
chan
ge
equ
aliz
atio
n
rese
rve
Reg
ula
tory
rese
rve
Fai
r v
alu
e
rese
rve
Rev
alu
atio
n
rese
rve
Ret
ain
ed
earn
ing
Oth
er
rese
rve
To
tal
Balance at Sawan 1 20X0
Profit for the period
Other Comprehensive income
Total comprehensive income
Contributions from and distributions to owners
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip end 20hellip
Balance at Sawan 1 20X1
Profit for the period
Other Comprehensive income
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 211
Total comprehensive income
Contributions from and distributions to owners
Share issued
Share based payments
Dividends to equity holders
Bonus shares issued
Cash dividend paid
Other
Total contributions by and distributions
Balance at helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip end 20hellip
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 212
helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Ltd
Condensed Consolidated Statement of cash flows
For the Period (helliphelliphelliphellip tohelliphelliphelliphellip) ended helliphellip helliphelliphellip 20helliphellip
Group
Bank
Up to
This
Quarter
Corresponding
Previous Year
Up to this
Quarter
Up to
This
Quarter
Corresponding
Previous Year
Up to this
Quarter
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Interest received Fees and other income received Divided received Receipts from other operating activities Interest paid Commission and fees paid Cash payment to employees Other expense paid Operating cash flows before changes in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase)Decrease in operating assets Due from Nepal Rastra Bank Placement with bank and financial institutions Other trading assets Loan and advances to bank and financial institutions Loans and advances to customers Other assets
Increase(Decrease) in operating liabilities Due to bank and financial institutions Due to Nepal Rastra Bank Deposit from customers Borrowings Other liabilities
Net cash flow from operating activities before tax paid
Income taxes paid
Net cash flow from operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of investment securities
Receipts from sale of investment securities
Purchase of property and equipment
Receipt from the sale of property and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 213
Receipt from the sale of intangible assets
Purchase of investment properties
Receipt from the sale of investment properties
Interest received
Dividend received
Net cash used in investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Receipt from issue of debt securities
Repayment of debt securities
Receipt from issue of subordinated liabilities
Repayment of subordinated liabilities
Receipt from issue of shares
Dividends paid
Interest paid
Other receiptpayment
Net cash from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at Sawan 1 20helliphellip
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents held
Cash and cash equivalents at helliphellip end 20hellip
Details about the distributable profit
Net Profit for the period end helliphellip quarter XXXXX
1 Appropriations
11 Profit required to be appropriated to XXXXX
a General Reserve xxxx
b Capital Redemption Reserve xxxx
c Exchange Fluctuation Fund xxxx
d CSR Fund xxxx
e Employees Training Fund xxxx
f Other xxxx
12 Profit required to be transfered to Regulatory Reserve XXXXX
a Transferred to Regulatory Reserve xxxxx
b Transferred from Regulatory Reserve (xxxx)
Net Profit for the period end helliphellipquarter available for distribution XXXXX
Notes to the Interim Financial Statements
1 Basis of preparation
2 Statement of Compliance with NFRSs
3 Use of Estimates assumptions and judgments
4 Changes in accounting policies
5 Significant accounting policies
6 Segmental Information
A Information about reportable segments
Particulars Reportable
Segment 1
Reportable
Segment 2 helliphellip All Other Total
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 214
Cu
rren
t Q
uar
ter
Co
rres
po
nd
ing
Pre
vio
us
Yea
r
Qu
arte
r
Cu
rren
t Q
uar
ter
Co
rres
po
nd
ing
Pre
vio
us
Yea
r
Qu
arte
r
Cu
rren
t Q
uar
ter
Co
rres
po
nd
ing
Pre
vio
us
Yea
r
Qu
arte
r
Cu
rren
t Q
uar
ter
Co
rres
po
nd
ing
Pre
vio
us
Yea
r
Qu
arte
r
Cu
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t Q
uar
ter
Co
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po
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ing
Pre
vio
us
Yea
r
Qu
arte
r
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues
Segment profit (loss) before tax
Segment assets
Segment liabilities
B Reconciliation of reportable segment profit or loss
Particulars Current
Quarter
Corresponding
Previous Year
Quarter
Total profit before tax for reportable segments
Profit before tax for other segments
Elimination of inter-segment profit
Elimination of discontinued operation
Unallocated amounts
ndash Other corporate expenses
Profit before tax
7 Related parties disclosures
8 Dividends paid (aggregate or per share) separately for ordinary shares and other shares
9 Issues repurchases and repayments of debt and equity securities
10 Events after interim period
11 Effect of changes in the composition of the entity during the interim period including merger and
acquisition
Brief explanations on accounts head of the Statement of Financial Position
Assets Side
1 Cash and cash equivalent
This account shall be used for presenting the total amount of cash-in-hand balances with other
bank and financial institutions money at call and short notice and highly liquid financial assets
with original maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date that are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in their fair value and are used by the licensed institution in the
management of its short term commitments
2 Due from Nepal Rastra Bank
Statutory balances held with Nepal Rastra Bank for compulsory cash reserve securities purchased
from Nepal Rastra Bank under resale agreement and other deposits with and receivables from
Nepal Rastra Bank shall be presented under this account head
3 Placement with bank and financial institutions
Placements with domestic as well as foreign bank and financial institutions with original
maturities of more than three months from the acquisition date are presented under this account
head
4 Derivative financial instruments
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 215
Derivative instruments like interest rate swap currency swap forward foreign exchange contract
etc held for trading as well as risk management purposes shall be presented under this head
5 Other trading assets
Trading assets are those assets that the licensed institution acquires principally for the purpose of
selling in the near term or holds as part of a portfolio that is managed together for short-term
profit shall be presented under this account head The other trading asset includes non derivative
financial assets It includes Government bonds NRB Bonds Domestic Corporate bonds Treasury
bills Equities etc held primarily for the trading purpose
6 Loan and advances to bank and financial institutions
Loan and advances given to microfinance financial institutions as well as other bank and financial
institutions shall be presented under this head Specific impairment on loan and advance to bank
and financial institutions shall be deducted
7 Loan and advances to customers
Under this head sum of the outstanding amount of all loans and advances extended to the
customers other than BFIs as well as bills purchased and discounted less the amount of
impairment allowances shall be presented Loan to employees provided according to the
Employees Bylaws of the licensed institution shall also be presented under this head
8 Investments securities
Investments made by the licensed institutions in financial instruments shall be presented under
this account head in three categories ie investment securities designated at fair value through
profit or loss investment securities measured at amortized cost and investment in equity measured
at fair value through other comprehensive income Investment other than those measured at
amortized cost shall be measure at fair value and changes in fair value shall be recognized in
profit or loss or other comprehensive income as per the business model adopted by the financial
institutions for the specific securities Where income from the investment is received in the form
of bonus shares the valuation of investment shall be made by increasing the number of shares
only without changing in the cost of investment The financial institutions shall disclose following
particulars in respect of investment in shares and debenturebond
a Following particulars shall clearly be disclosed in respect of investment in shares of other
companies
(1) Name of the company
(2) Type of share (ordinary or preference) in case of preference shares including the rate of
dividend
(3) Total number of shares subscribed (including bonus shares if received)
(4) Face value per share
(5) The cost price to licensed institution
(6) Fair value of the shares at the end of the fiscal year
(7) Where a company in which the licensed institution has investment in shares has not
declared dividend for previous 3 years particulars indicating the same
b Following particulars shall clearly be disclosed in respect of investment in debentures and
bonds of other companies
(1) Name of the company
(2) Rate of Interest
(3) Installment of Debenturebond subscribed
(4) Face value per debenturebond
(5) Maturity date of debenturebond
(6) The purchase price of the debenturesbond
(7) Fair value of the debenturesbond measured at fair value
The financial institution shall recognize impairment loss if any on the investment instruments
measured at amortized cost The calculation of impairment loss shall be as per requirement of
NFRSs
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 216
The financial institution shall recognize measure present and disclose the investment instruments
as per the requirement of NFRSs
9 Current tax assets
This will include any advance payment made by the licensed institution towards income tax
liabilities or other tax liabilities to the taxing authorities
10 Investment in Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are the entities that are controlled by the bank Investment made by the bank in its
subsidiaries shall be presented in this head under separate financial statements Since the
investment amount is eliminated in consolidation process no amount shall be presented under
group financial statements
11 Investment in Associates
Associates are those entities in which the bank has significant influence but not control over the
financial and operating policies Investment made by the bank in its associates shall be presented
in this head under this account head
12 Investment properties
Land or land and building other than those classified as property and equipment and non current
assets held for sale under relevant accounting standard shall be presented under this account head
This shall include land land and building acquired as non banking assets by the Bank but not
sold
13 Property and equipment
All assets of long-term nature (fixed) like land building IT equipment fixtures and fittings
office equipment and appliances vehicles machinery leasehold developments and capital work
in progress owned by the licensed institution shall be presented under this head
14 Goodwill and intangible assets
Goodwill and intangible assets like computer software both purchased and internally generated
trade mark etc shall be presented under this account head
15 Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets recognized as per NFRSs on temporary deductible differences carry forward
of unused tax losses changes in tax rate etc shall be presented under this account head
16 Other Assets
This account will include any other tangible or intangible asset not mentioned above Assets held
for sale non banking assets (other than land or land and building) restricted deposits with central
banks accounts receivable interest receivable accrued income prepayments and deposit are
some of the items to be included under this head
Liabilities and Equity side
1 Due to bank and financial institutions
The balances in accounts maintained with the institution by other local and foreign banks and
financial institution shall be presented under this head Interbank borrowing interbank deposit
balances on settlement and clearing accounts as well as other amount due to bank and financial
institution shall be presented under this account head
2 Due to Nepal Rastra Bank
This account head shall also contain the amount of payable to Nepal Rastra Bank Amount
payable to NRB shall include amount of refinance facilities standing liquidity facility lender of
last resort sale and repurchase agreements deposit from NRB etc
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 217
3 Derivative financial instruments
It includes all derivative liabilities Derivative instruments like interest rate swap currency swap
forward foreign exchange contract etc held for trading as well as risk management purposes shall
be presented under this head
4 Deposits from customers
All deposit accounts other than deposit from BFIs (local and foreign) and NRB shall be presented
under this account head
5 Borrowing
All domestic as well as foreign borrowing other than interbank borrowing and borrowing from
Nepal Rastra Bank shall be presented under this heading It includes borrowing from Nepal
Government borrowing from other domestic institutions borrowing from foreign bank and
financial institutions multilateral development banks etc
6 Current Tax Liabilities
The liabilities recognized for the purpose of current income tax including fees penalties shall be
included under this head
7 Provisions
A provision is recognized when as a result of a past event the licensed institution has a present
legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably and it is probable that an outflow of
economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation Provision for redundancy provision
for onerous contracts provision for restructuring pending legal issues and tax litigation credit
commitments and guarantees etc shall be presented under this account head Followings are the
additional clarification on accounts presented under this account head
(a) Provision for Redundancy
It shall include benefits payable as a result of employment being terminated or based on a
dismissal plan of the licensed institution Provision for employees termination benefits like
voluntary retirement scheme shall be presented under this account head
(b) Provision for restructuring
Restructuring includes sale or termination of a line of business closure of business locations
or relocation in a region changes in management structure fundamental reorganizations that
have a material effect on the nature and focus of the bank‟s operations etc The provision of
restructuring that is recognized as per the requirement of NFRSs shall be presented under this
account head
(c) Pending legal issues and tax litigation
Provisions recognized for any pending legal issues and tax litigation matters shall be
presented under this account head
(d) Onerous contracts
Provision for onerous contract is recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the
licensed institution from a contract is lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its
obligation under the contract The provision amount that is recognized for onerous contract as
per NFRSs shall be presented under this heading
8 Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities are the amounts of income taxes payable in future periods in respect of
taxable temporary differences shall be included under this head Deferred tax liabilities that are
recognised as per requirement of NFRSs shall be presented under this account head
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 218
9 Other liabilities
Any residual liabilities not captured above shall be presented under an appropriate head in this
account Liabilities relating to employees benefits like liabilities for defined benefit obligation
gratuity and pension fund liabilities for long-service leave cash settled share based payment
liabilities short-term employee benefits etc Creditors and accruals Interest payable on deposit
and borrowing unearned income unpaid dividend etc shall be presented under this account head
10 Debt securities issued
Debenture bond or other debt securities issued by bank shall be presented under this broad
account head
11 Subordinated Liabilities
Liabilities subordinated at the event of winding up to the claims of depositors debt securities
issued and other creditors shall be included here It shall include redeemable preference share
subordinated notes issued borrowingsetc
12 Share capital
The amount of paid up share capital of the licensed institution shall be mentioned under this head
Amount credited in share capital by issuing bonus shares utilizing the accumulated profit and
reserves shall also be disclosed under this heading This shall include paid up amount of ordinary
share capital and equity component of preference share capital The convertible preference shares
which includes an option for the holder of the shares to convert the preferred shares into a fixed
number of ordinary shares at any time after a predetermined date irredeemable preference share
and perpetual debt instruments the equity component that is recognized and measured as per
NFRSs as equity as well shall be presented under this heading
13 Share premium
The amount of money collected on issue of shares in excess of its face value shall be presented
under this heading The outstanding amount in this account shall not be considered eligible for
distribution of cash dividend
14 Retained earnings
The accumulated profits which has not been distributed to shareholders and has been ploughed
back in the licensed institution‟s operations and is free for distribution of dividend to the
shareholders shall be presented under this heading
15 Reserves
Licensed institution shall include the amounts received from allocation of profits or retained
earnings in connection with maintaining reserves or created from any other process Normally
amount shall be credited to this heading having debited the accumulated profit and while using
these reserves the concerned reserve account shall have to be debited Followings are the
additional clarification of account head under reserve
(a) General Reserve
General reserve is the statutory reserve In this reserve the amount transformed from
appropriation of net profit according to the Banks and Financial Institutions Act 2073 shall
be included No type of dividend (cash or bonus share) shall be distributed from the amount
in generalstatutory reserve Approval of NRB shall be required in order to use the amount
in this reserve
(b) Exchange Equalization reserve
Exchange equalization reserve is a statutory reserve A bank which has earned foreign
exchange revaluation gain on foreign currency other than India currency has to allocate 25
percent of such revaluation gain to this reserve as per provision of the Bank and Financial
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 219
Institution Act Any amount allocated to exchange equalization reserve as per the provision
of the Bank and Financial Institutions Act shall be presented under this heading
(c) Fair Value Reserves
The fair value reserve comprises the cumulative net change in the fair value of financial
assets that are measured at fair value and the changes in fair value is recognized in other
comprehensive income until the assets are derecognized The cumulative amount of
changes in fair value of those financial assets shall be presented under this account head
(d) Assets Revaluation Reserve
Any reserve created from revaluation of assets (such as Property amp Equipment Intangible
Assets Investment Property) shall be presented under this heading Revaluation reserves
often serve as a cushion against unexpected losses but may not be fully available to absorb
unexpected losses due to the subsequent deterioration in market values and tax
consequences of revaluation
(e) Capital Reserve
The capital reserve represents the amount of those reserves which are in nature of capital
and which shall not be available for distribution of cash dividend The amount from share
forfeiture due to non-payment of remaining amount for the unpaid shares capital grants
received in cash or kind capital reserve arising out of merger and acquisition etc should be
presented under this heading
(f) Special Reserve
Any special reserve that is created as per the specific requirement of NRB directive or
special instruction of NRB shall represent special reserve The amount allocated to this
reserve by debiting retained earning account shall be presented under this heading
(g) Capital Redemption Reserve
This head shall include the statutory reserve created for making payment towards
Redeemable Non-Convertible Preference Shares
(h) Dividend Equalization Fund
For the purpose of maintaining uniformity in dividend payment certain amount of profit
during the year of profit making may be transferred shall be presented under this account
head Dividend may be distributed by debiting this account with the approval of the Board
of Directors and endorsed by the General meeting
(i) Capital AdjustmentEqualization Fund
Any amount that is allocated from the amount retained profit to a reserve that is created for
the raising capital of the Bank as well as calls is advance amount to make up minimum paid
up capital amount shall be presented under this account head
(j) Corporate Social Responsibility Fund
The fund created for the purpose of corporate social responsibility by allocating profit shall
be presented under this account head
(k) Investment Adjustment Reserve
It is a regulatory reserve created as a cushion for adverse price movements in banks
investments as directed by the Directives of Nepal Rastra Bank
(l) Actuarial GainLoss Reserve
Actuarial gain or loss that represents change in actuarial assumptions used to value
employee obligations shall be presented under this account head
(m) Regulatory Reserve
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 220
The amount that is allocated from profit or retained earnings of the Bank to this reserve as
per the Directive of NRB for the purpose of implementation of NFRSs and which shall not
be regarded as free for distribution of dividend (cash as well as bonus shares) shall be
presented under this account head The amount allocated to this reserve shall include
interest income recognized but not received in cash difference of loan loss provision as per
NRB directive and impairment on loan and advance as per NFRSs (in case lower
impairment is recognized under NFRSs) amount equals to deferred tax assets actual loss
recognized in other comprehensive income amount of goodwill recognized under NFRSs
etc
(n) Other Reserve Fund
Any reserve created with specific or non-specific purpose (except stated in above) shall be
presented under this by disclosing accounting heads
16 Non-controlling interest
Non-controlling interest (NCI) is the portion of equity ownership in a subsidiary not attributable
to the parent company which has a controlling interest and consolidates the subsidiarys financial
results with its own The bank who has a subsidiary and consolidates the financial statement of
subsidiary in its own shall present the equity portion of the subsidiary that are attributable to the
shareholders other than the bank under this account head
Brief Explanations on Accounting Heads of the Statement of Profit or Loss Account
1 Interest income
The interest income recognized as per NFRSs shall be presented under this head This heading
shall include interest income on loan and advance investment securities except on those
investment securities measure at fair value through profit or loss cash and and cash equivalent
due from Nepal Rastra Bank due from BFIs loan and advances to staff etc
2 Interest expense
The interest expenses recognized as per NFRSs shall be presented under this head The interest
accrued on deposits collected debt securities issued borrowings obtained subordinated liabilities
amount due to bank and financial institutions due to NRB etc shall be presented under this
heading
3 Fees and commission income
Fee income is earned for diverse ranges of services provided by the bank to its customers Fee
income arises on the execution of a significant act completed or from provision of services like
asset management portfolio management management advisory and service fees etc Loan
documentation fee loan management fee consortium fee commitment fee card issuance and
renewal fees prepayment and swap fee remittance fee investment banking fee asset
management fee brokerage commission on letter of credit commission on guarantee locker
rental income etc should be presented under this heading The fees and commission income that
are integral to the effective interest rate on the financial assets are included in the measurement of
the effective interest rate and shall not be recognized as income however immaterial amount can
be recognized in profit or loss account as income
4 Fees and commission expense
Payouts on account of fee and commission for services obtained by the bank shall be presented
under this account head This account head shall include card related fees guarantee commission
brokerage expenses etc The fees and commission expense that are integral to the effective
interest rate on the financial liability are included in the measurement of the effective interest rate
and shall not be recognized as expense
5 Net trading income
Trading income comprises gains less losses relating to trading assets and liabilities and includes
all realized interest dividend and foreign exchange differences as well as unrealized changes in
fair value of trading assets and liabilities shall be presented under this account head
6 Other operating income
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 221
Receipt of all other operating income not specifically provided under the income heads above
shall be booked and presented under this head This shall include foreign exchange revaluation
gain gainloss on sale of available for sale securities dividend on available for sale securities
gainloss on sale of property and equipment gainloss on sale of investment properties operating
lease income gainloss on sale of gold and silver finance income of finance lease etc 7 Impairment charge(reversal) for loan and other losses
Impairment loss recognized as per NFRSs on loan and other losses shall be presented under this
account head It shall includes impairment chargereversal on loan and advances to customers
loan and advances to bank and financial institutions investment securities placement with bank
and financial institutions property and equipment goodwill and intangible assets investment
properties etc 8 Personnel expenses
All expenses related to employees of a bank shall be included under this head Expenses covered
under this head include employees salary allowances pension gratuity contribution to provident
fund training expenses uniform expenses insurance staff bonus finance expense under NFRSs
cash-settled share-based payments etc
9 Other Operating expenses
All operating expense other than those relating to personnel expense are recognized and presented
under this account head The expenses covered under this account head shall include office
administration expense other operating and overhead expense directors emoluments
remuneration and non audit fee paid to auditors professional and legal expense branch closure
cost expense redundancy cost expense expense of restructuring impairment of non financial
assets expense of corporate social responsibility onerous lease provisions etc
10 Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life
Amortization is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an intangible asset over its
useful lifeDepreciation measured and recognized as per NFRSs on property and equipment and
investment properties and amortization of intangible assets shall be presented under this account
head
11 Non operating incomeexpense
The income and expenses that have no direct relationship with the operation of transactions shall
be presented under this head The incomeexpense covered under this account head shall include
loan written off recovery of loan redundancy provision expense of restructuring etc
12 Income tax expense
The amount of income tax on net taxable profit shall be recognized and presented under this
account head This account head shall include current tax expense and deferred tax
expensedeferred tax income
Brief Explanations on Accounting Heads of the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income
1 Fair value reserve relating to investment in equity instruments
Net changes in fair value of equity instrument that are measured at fair value and the changes in
fair value is required to be recognized in other comprehensive income shall be recognized and
presented under this account head The changes may be subsequently reclassified to profit and
loss in accordance with the relevant NFRSs shall also be deducted from the fair value reserve
2 Changes in revaluation reserve
Changes in revalued amount of property and equipment and intangible assets shall be presented
under this account head
3 Cash flow hedge
When a derivative is designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge of the variability in cash
flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly
probable forecast transaction that could affect profit or loss the effective portion of changes in the
fair value (losses) of the derivative is recognised and presented in Other comprehensive income
under this account head The changes may be subsequently reclassified to profit and loss in
accordance with the relevant NFRSs shall also be deducted from the fair value reserve
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 222
4 Net actuarial gainloss on defined benefit plans
Re-measurement gainlosses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial
assumptions are recognized in the period in which they occur directly in other comprehensive
income and shall be presented under this account head
5 Income tax relating to these items
The income tax relating to the items shown in other comprehensive income shall be presented
under this head
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 223
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= divide)ampamp
hf]lvd Jojyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] sff]jfdf lglxt shf ~rfng tntf
ahf Aofhb tyf ljb]zL ljlgdo nufotsf hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf DaGwdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g )
sf] bkmf amp( n] lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL of] lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
= hf]lvd Aojyfkg
+yfn] fdgf ugkg] hf]lvdsf] klxrfg dfkg cgudg Jojyfkg lgoGq0f lkf]l6ordfsf nflu
b[9 hf]lvd Jojyfkg +rgf tof uL sfofGjogdf Nofpg kg]5 k|efjsfL hf]lvd
Jojyfkgsf nflu +yfsf] Dk0f If]q d]6g] uL k0f Pjd PsLs[t k4lt cgz0f ug kg]5
+yfut zfg b[9 hf]lvd Jojyfkg aLr k|efjsfL DaGw yflkt xg] uL hf]lvd
Jojyfkg k|lt +yfn] k0f k|ltj4tf AoQm ug kg]5
= hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfoqmd (Risk Management Program)
-_ +yfn] sDtLdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf ljifox d]6g] uL hf]lvd Jojyfkg +rgf sfod ug
kg]5M
-s_ ~rfns ldlt pRr Jojyfkgaf6 s[o lgufgL (Oversight)
-v_ gLlt Pjd k|s[ofut ljifosf] kofKttf
-u_ k|efjsfL hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfo (Risk Management Function)
-3_ pkoQm Jojyfkg rgf k|0ffnL
-ordf_ k|efjsfL cfGtls lgoGq0f k|0ffnL Pjd Ldf (Limit)
-_ +yfsf] ~rfns ldltn] +yfn] axg ug rfx]sf] hf]lvd (Risk Appetite) +yfnfO
u|fxo xg] Ldf (Tolerance Limit) klxrfg uL hf]lvd 0fgLlt to ugkg]5 +yfsf] du|
hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf nflu ~rfns ldlt pQbfoL xgkg]5
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf cGtlglxt vf dxTjsf dnet hf]lvd (Material Risks) sf] fdgf
ug] gLlt tyf sfoljlw +yfsf] ~rfns ldltaf6 jLs[t xgkg]5 Totf gLlt tyf
sfoljlw sDtLdf klg jifsf] Psk6s kgfjnf]sg ug] tyf cfjZos b]lvPdf cBfjlws
d]t ug kg]5 TouL +yfsf] hf]lvd Jojyfkg Da4 gLlt sfoljlw k|s[ofsf]
sfofGjog ug pRr Jojyfkgsf] stJo xg]5 +yfsf] ~rfns ldlt pRr
Jojyfkgn] hf]lvd DaGwL k|ltj]bg sDtLdf qdfdf Psk6s cfjZostf cgk hgs
dodf cWoog tyf 5nkmn ug kg]5
-$_ +yfdf k|dv hf]lvd clws[t (Chief Risk Officer - CRO) jf ot dfg kb cGtut xg]
uL jtGq hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfosf] Jojyf ug kg]5 +yfsf] cfsf Pjd sff]afsf]
ljlzi6tfFu tfbfTDo xg] uL cfjZostf cgf k|To]s hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf] nflu 5sectf5sect
jf ufe] OsfOdividedxfzfvfsf] Aojyf ug lsg]5 Hff]lvd Jojyfkg sfon] slDtdf b]xfosf
ljifox d]6g kg]5
-s_ hf]lvd DaGwL gLlt tyf sfoljlwsf] thdf tyf cBfjlws ug] DaGwL k|s[ofsf]
Jojyfkg ug]
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 224
-v_ +yfsf] a sfout OsfOxsf] dnet hf]lvdsf] lgoldt cgudg ug] tyf
cgk]lIft hf]lvdjf] lg0fostfxnfO do dodf hu ufpg]]
-u_ hf]lvd DaGwL k|ltj]bg tof ug] f] k|ltj]bg hf]lvd Jojyfkg ldlt
~rfns ldltdf k]z ug]
-3_ hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfosf a kIfxsf] k|efjsfL sfoGjogdf 3fp kyenofpg]
-_ +yfsf] cfsf k|s[lt Pjd sfo+u tfbfTDo xg] uL k|dv hf]lvd clws[tsf] sfd stAo
clwsf pNn]v ug kg]5 k|dv hf]lvd clws[tn] f]em ~rfns ldlt tLo hf]lvd
Jojyfkg ldltdf cfjlws kdf lkf]l6Euml ug kg]5
-^_ Jojflos sfo hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfonfO sg lsldsf] jfy (Conflict of Interest)
gaflemg] uL cnUofpg kg]5 t hf]lvd JojyfkgnfO hf]lvd Jojyfkg
ljefudivideOsfOsf] dfq lhDd]jfLsf] kdf lng xFbg hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf nflu Jojflos
sfo (Main Business Function) klxnf] Iff3]f (First Line of Defence) sf] kdf xg
cfjZos 5 +yfsf k|To]s sdrfL hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf nflu cfndashcfgf] lhDd]jfLk|lt
hu xg]uL hf]lvd +s[lt (Risk Culture) sf] ljsf ug kg]5
-amp_ hf]lvd 0fgLlt cgk hf]lvdnfO +yfn] aeligaxg ug rfx]sf] hf]lvdAElig (Risk Appetite) tyf
u|fXo xg] Ldf (Tolerance Limit) leq xg] uL] +yfleq jn cfGtls lgoGq0f k|0ffnL
(Internal Control System) sfod ugkg]5 cfGtls lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] antf kofKttf
lglZrt xg] uL +yfsf] k|efjsfL n]vfkLIf0f ufpg ~rfns ldltdividehf]lvd Jojyfkg
ldlt k|ltj4 xg kg]5
-_ +yfn] a k|sfsf dnet hf]lvdx (All Material Risks) sf] Jojyfkgsf nflu
sfofGjogdf x]sf] gLlt k|lqmof Pjd k|dv hf]lvd clws[tsf] sfofb]z hf]lvd zfg
+rgf (Risk Governance Structure) nufotsf ljifo d]6L jflifs k|ltj]bg tof uL
cflys jif dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
= hf]lvd juLs0f
k|efjsfL hf]lvd Joyfkgsf nflu +yfn] b]xfoadf]lhd hf]lvdsf] juLs0f ugkg]5 Mndash
-s_ shf hf]lvd
-v_ ~rfng hf]lvd
-u_ tntf hf]lvd
-3_ ahf hf]lvd
-ordf_ Aofhb hf]lvd
-r_ ljb]zL ljlgdo hf]lvd
-5_ cGo hf]lvd
$= shf hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-_ o a+saf6 hfL ulPsf] aeligshf fk6sf] juLs0f shf gf]SfgL DaGwL Jojyf -
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= _AElig aeligPsn u|fxs tyf If]qut shf fk6 ljwfsf] Ldf lgwf0f
DaGwL Jojyf -O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= _ tyf nufgL DaGwL Jojyff -O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= _ nfO
g shf tyf nufgL DaGwL hf]lvd GogLs0f ug] cfwfsf] kdf lng kg]5
-_ shf hf]lvdsf] klxrfg dfkg cgudg lgoGq0f ug Ifd xg] uL +yfn] pkoQm gLlt
tyf sfoljlw cjnDag u]sf] xg kg]5
-_ shf DaGwL du| clVtofL +rgf jLs[t ug] lhDd]jfL DalGwt +yfsf] ~rfns
ldltsf] xg]5 +yfsf] cfsf Pjd sff]afsf] ljlzi6tfsf cfwfdf pRr JojyfkgnfO
k|Tofof]lht shf clVtofL ki6 xg kg]5
-$_ +yfn] shf Da4 sfoxM Business Solicitation shf dNofIacuteg shf jLs[lt shf k|jfx
tyf C0fLFusf] DaGw Jojyfkg htf sfox 5sectf5sect xg] uL Jojlyt u]sf] xg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 225
-_ +yfn] gofF shf k|jfx ubf shf gjLs0f ubf jf ljBdfg shf ljwf yk ubf shf
ljZn]if0f DaGwL dNofIacutegsf kofKt cfwfx to u]sf] xgkg]5 hg k|of]hg jf p2]Zosf
nflu shf k|jfx xg] xf]] f]xL p2]Zo jf k|of]hgdf g shf pkof]u xg]df tyf eOx]sf]
DaGwdf DalGwt +yfn] kofKt cfwfxsf] ljZn]if0f uL osLg u]sf] xg kg]5
-^_ aeligsAElig jusf jfl0fHo a+s tyf aeligvAElig jusf fli6laquoo tsf ljsf a+ssf] xsdf shf k|tfj
dNofIacuteg k|of]hgfy shf hf]lvd dNofIacuteg k|0ffnL (Credit Risk Rating System) sf] ljsf
DalGwt +yf jodn] u]sf] xg kg]5 Totf] k|0ffnLn] u|fxs Jojfosf] fv Pjd
ljZjlgotfnfO k|efjsfL 9+un] d]6]sf] xg kg]5 Totf] dNofIacutegnfO C0fLsf] Due
Diligence sf] cfwfsf] kdf lngkg]5 +yfn] otf] dNofIacuteg Kf|0ffnL tof ubf cGtfli6laquoo
pTs[i6 cEofxnfO cgz0f ug Sg]5
-amp_ shf DaGwL sfuhft shf eStfgLsf] cgudg shf kmfOn Pjd If0f DaGwL
sfuhftxsf] clen]v tyf JolQmut rgfsf] cBfjlws clen]v sfod ug] k|of]hgsf nflu
+yfn] plrt k|sfsf] shf k|zfg DaGwL sfo (Credit Administration Function) cjnDag
ug kg]5
-_ Dk0f shfxsf] Psn tyf If]qut kdf cfjlws kgfjnf]sg xg] Jojyf ugkg]5
Totf] kgfjnf]sgnfO u|fxs+usf] DaGw Jojyfkgsf] 0fgLlt thdf ug] cfwfsf] kdf
lngkg]5
-(_ +yfsf] ~rfns ldltn] to u]sf] aeligaxg ug rfx]sf] hf]lvdAElig (Risk Appetite) tyf u|fXo
xg] Ldf (Tolerance Limit) Pjd lgodg DaGwL Jojyfx d]tnfO b[li6ut uL +yfn]
cfkmg shf Ldfx -htM If]qut p2]Zout lgis[o shf Ldf cflb_ lgwf0f ug d]t
k|]lt ulPsf] 5
-)_ +yfFu lgis[o shfsf] oyf]lrt Jojyfkgsf nflu plrt gLlt tyf k|lqmof sfofGjogdf
x]sf] xgkg]5
-_ xljQLos0f shfsf] xsdf hf]lvdsf] ljZn]if0f ug] k|dv lhDd]jfL cujf a+ssf] xg]5
tyflk xefuL a+sxn] cfndashcfgf] 9+ujf6 hf]lvdsf] ljZn]if0f ug Sg]5g
= ~rfng hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-s_ sfot hgzlQm k|s[of k|0ffnL Pjd jfxo 36gfsf sf0f llht ~rfng hf]lvd
Jojyfkgsf nflu plrt gLlt tyf sfoljlw sfofGjog ug kg]5 n]vf rgf k|ljlw
hgzlQm Pjd gub tyf a+lsEuml sff]jf htf a ~rfng OsfOxdf pTkGg xgSg]
hf]lvdnfO otf] gLltn] d]6g kg]5
-v_ +yfn] cfgf] sff]afFu DalGwt ~rfng hf]lvdnfO Jojyfkg ug k|efjsfL cfGtls
lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tyf rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf ugkg]5 cfGtls n]vfkLIfsn] k|To]s
zfvfdivideljefudividesfofnosf] n]vfkLIf0f k|ltj]bgdf ~rfng hf]lvdnfO k|efjsfL kdf
Jojyfkg ug cjnDag ePsf pkfoxsf] kofKttfsf] DaGwdf d]t l6Kk0fLdividek|lts[of
dfj]z ug kg]5
-u_ rgf k|ljlwaf6 xg Sg] ~rfng hf]lvdnfO GogLs0f ug] JojyfnfO a9L k|efjsfL
agfO f]sf] lgLIf0f tyf klj]If0fnfO Jojlyt ug rgf k|ljlw DaGwL dfubzg -
Information Technology Guidelines_ hfL ulPsf] 5 f] dfubzg adf]lhd jflifs kdf
rgf k|0ffnLsf] n]vfkLIf0f ugkg] Jojyf ePadf]lhd lgoldt kdf Totf] n]vfkLIf0f
ufpg kg]5 f]sf] k|ltj]bg o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
-3_ hf]lvd Jojyfkg sfojf6 ~rfng Da4 hf]lvdxsf] cgudg lgoldt kdf xg] Aojyf
lxt Ifltsf] 36gfxaf] dxTjk0f rgfxM -htM 36gfsf] k|s[lt ufDeLotf oaf6
ePsf] ljQLo Iflt cflb_ Jojlyt 9+uaf6 xg] k|0ffnL cjnDag ug kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 226
-ordf_ plrt Disaster Recovery Business Continuity Plan thdf uL ljleGg lsldsf k|sf]kxsf
afahb Jojfo lgGttfsf] lglZrttf ugkg]5 otf of]hgfx jflifs kdf cEof
(Drill) uL cBfjlws ug kg]5
-r_ sg sdrfL k|lt clws lgetf Pp6 sdrfL nfdf] do Ps yfgdf x] sfo ug] tyf
sdrfL aLr ldnf]df]tf]sf sf0f pTkGg xg Sg] sdrfL Da4 hf]lvd GogLs0fsf nflu
sdrfL kbyfkg Pjd jf nufotsf sfo k|efjsfL xg kg]5
-5_ k|fs[lts k|sf]k nufotsf 36gfxn] ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] Jofjflos lgGttfdf kfg Sg]
k|ltsn cnfO GogLs0f ug o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxn] Contingency
Management Framework tof kfL nfu ug kg]5
-h_ ~rfng hf]lvd sd ub u|fxsxnfO a+lsEuml ]jf k|of]udf Iffsf] k|Tofelt lbnfpg a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfxn] Chip Based 8]la6 qm]l86 lk|k]8 cflb sf8x dfq hfL ugkg]5
^= tntf hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-_ +yfdf Aofjflos k|s[lt cfsf Pjd sff]jfsf] ljlzi6tfsf cfwfdf sfoljlw tyf
dfubzg lxtsf] pkoQm tntf hf]lvd Jojyfkg gLlt sfofGjog ugkg]5
-_ tntf DaGwL hf]lvd GogLs0f ug +yfn] cfgf] DklQ tyf bfloTjnfO eQmfgL cjlw
(Maturity Period) sf] cfwfdf ljleGg do cGtfn (Time Interval) df juLs0f ug kg]5
o k|of]hgsf] lgldQ +nUg lgb]zg kmf=g+= = adf]lhdsf] tntf ljj0f (Liquidity Profile)
qdfls kdf tof uL qodf -cf]h k rt cf dfGt_ dfKt ePsf] kGw|
lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5
-_ +yfn] DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] eQmfgL cjlwsf] cfwfdf lgDgfgf do cGtfnsf]
juLs0f ug kg]5
-s_ () lbg Ddsf] eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTj
-v_ () lbg eGbf a9L ) lbgDdsf] eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTj
-u_ ) lbg eGbf a9L amp) lbgDdsf] eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTj
-3_ amp) lbg eGbf a9L jif Ddsf] eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTj
-ordf_ jif eGbfa9L eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTj
-$_ lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw ePsf DklQ tyf bfloTjnfO pkaFbf -_ adf]lhdsf] do cGtfndf
dfj]z ug kg]5
-_ +yfsf] lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw gePsf rNtL tyf art lgIf]k htf bfloTjdWo] k|fylds
lgIf]ksf] kdf x]sf Gogtd sfod ugkg] dfHbftsf] c+zDdsf] sd Ps jifeGbf a9L
cjlwsf] do cGtfnleq dfj]z ug kg]5 rNtL tyf jrt lgIf]ksf] pQm c+zsf] oyfy
cgdfg +yf jo+n] ug kg]5 fdfGotM yfoL kdf lxxg] rNtL lgIf]ksf] c+znfO
k|fylds lgIf]ksf] kdf lng kg]5
-^_ +yfsf] tntf DaGwL hf]lvdnfO GogLs0f ug] p2]Zon] |f]t klrfngdf jb]zL db|fdf
k|jfx ePsf] shf fk6sf] cgkft (Credit to Core Capital and Domestic Deposits Ratio ndash CCD
Ratio) )amp cfDdsf] nflu k|ltzt gf3g gxg] uL Ldf tf]lsPsf] 5 t
shfdivide|f]t klrfng cgkft -CCD Ratio) u0fgf ubf cGta+s lgIf]knfO |f]t klrfngdf
dfj]z ug kfOg] 5g
ki6Ls0fM
-s_ o k|of]hgsf nflu aelig|f]t klrfngAElig eGgfn] jb]zL db|fdf lnPsf] lgIf]k k|fylds kFhL
jb]zL db|fdf hfL ulPsf] C0fkq jif jf f] eGbf a9L cjlwsf] ljb]zL db|fdf
lnPsf] C0fnfO hgfpg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 227
-v_ o k|of]hgsf nflu aeligcGta+s lgIf]kAElig eGgfn] sg Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] csf]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfnfO lbPsf] shfdividefk6L sd f]xL +yfdf lgIf]ksf] kdf flvPsf]
sdnfO hgfpg]5
-u_ o Jojyfcgf |f]t klrfngdf jb]zL db|fdf k|jfx ePsf] shf fk6sf] cgkft
(Credit to Core Capital and Domestic Deposits Ratio ndash CCD Ratio) pNn+3g xg] cjyf
ePsf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] qmlds kdf )ampamp k dfGtleq tf]lsPsf] cgkft
sfod ulSg kg]5
-amp_ shfdivide|f]t klrfng cgkft (CCD Ratio) sf] cgudg tyf xhfgf DaGwL Jojyf M
-s_ shfdivide|f]t klrfng cgkft CCD Ratio sf] cgudg blgs kdf ulg]5
-v_ dfls cft cfwfdf Totf] cgkft gf3]df DalGwt klj]If0f ljefu dfkmt
xhfgf nufOg]5
-u_ k|To]s dlxgfsf] ut]b]lv dfGtDdsf] k|To]s sfolbg -fjhlgs ljbf jfx]s_ sf]
cfwfdf dfls cft cgkft lgwf0f ulg]5
-3_ tf]lsPsf] Ldf gf3]sf] xsdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf (( cgf xhfgf
nufOg]5 oL xhfgf nufpbf xhfgf sd lgDgfgf lgwf0f ulg]5
-k|To]s dlxgfsf] dfls cft shf aSoftf sd mdash ) k|ltztn] sfod xg] dfls
cft sd_ x a+s b
)) X
ki6Ls0f M
o Jojyfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu CCD Ratio u0fgf ubf k|fylds kFhLsf] xsdf cl3Nnf]
qodfdf sfod ePsf] k|fylds kFhLnfO Pjd shf tyf fk6 jb]zL lgIf]ksf] xsdf
f]xL lbgsf] sdnfO lng kg]5 t qodf dfKt ePkl5 xsk|b ]o Pjd FPO sf]
jfF8kmfF8 eO f] jfktsf] kf k|fKt eO kFhL j[l4 xg uPdf k|fylds kFhL u0fgf k|of]hgsf]
nflu f] d]t dfj]z ug lsg] 5
-_ +yfdf tntfsf] du| Jojyfkgsf nflu DklQndashbfloTj ldlt (Assets Liabilities
Committee - ALCO) htf ljlzi6 +rgf sfod x]sf] xgkg]5 +yfsf] tntf lyltsf]
kgfjnf]sg ug otf] ldltsf] a7s lgoldt cGtfndf ag kg]5 tntf hf]lvd u|fXo
Ldfleq xg] uL cfjZos pkfoxsf] cjnDag u]sf] xgkg]5
-(_ +yfn] tntfdf rfk k]sf] dodf cfjZos sf]if h6fpg Contingency Funding Plan thdf
u]sf] xg kg]5
-)_ ~rfns ldlt pRr Aojyfkgn] tntf tyf tntf hf]lvd DaGwL k|ltj]bg lgoldt
kdf cWoog tyf 5nkmn ug kg]5 DklQ bfloTj Jojyfkg ldltsf] a7ssf]
5nkmnsf ljifox lg0fox 5nkmnsf nflu qdfls kdf ~rfns ldlt dIf k]z
ug kg]5
-_ +yfnfO ~rfns ldltaf6 jLs[t aeligjxg ug rfx]sf] hf]lvdAElig (Risk appetite) tyf u|fXo
xg] Ldf (Tolerance Limit) tyf lgofds lgsfon] tf]s]sf] Ldf d]tnfO dWogh uL
cfkmgf] Jojfosf] cfsf k|s[lt cgf tntf Ldfx -htM clgjfo gub dfHbft
jwflgs tntf tyf shfdivide|f]t klrfng cgkft htf Ldf_ lgwf0f ug k|]lt ulPsf] 5
amp= ahf hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-_ dNo Pjd Jofhb htf klrsxdf cfpg] ptfr9fjsf sf0f lhgf xg Sg] dnet
ahf hf]lvdsf] Jojyfkgsf nflu +yfFu cfjZos gLlt tyf sfoljlw xgkg]5
-_ sf]if Jojyfkg (Treasury Management) Fu DalGwt hf]lvd cgudg dfkg Pjd
ljZn]if0fsf nflu AEligsAElig jusf jfl0fHo a+sxn] Middle office yfkgf ug[kg]5 otf] Office
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 228
sf]if Jojyfkg DaGwL sfo (Treasury Functions) af6 jtGq xgsf fy pQm Office n]
hf]lvd Jojyfkg ljefudivideOsfOnfO d]t lkf]l6ordf ug kg]5
= Aofhb hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-_ Aofhb DaGwL ptfr9fjjf6 lhgf xg] hf]lvdnfO pkoSt 9+ujf6 Daf]wg ug Sg] uL
+yfFu plrt gLlt tyf sfoljlw xg kg]5
-_ Aofhbaf6 pTkGg xg] hf]lvdnfO GogLs0f ug b]xfo adf]lhdsf pkfox cjnDag ug
kg]5 Mndash
-s_ Aofhbdf ePsf] kljtgsf sf0f k|efljt xg] DklQx tyf bfloTjx (Interest
Sensitive Assets and Liabilities) nfO dfq DklQ tyf bfloTjdf dfj]z ug kg]5
-v_ fdfGotM DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] eQmfgL cjlw ldnfg gxg] (Maturity Mismatch)
cjyfsf] cGt ljZn]if0f -Gap Analysis_ ubf gub dfHbft (Cash Balance) Aofh
eQmfgL lbg gkg] (Non-interest Bearing Account) vftfsf] sd dfj]z ug kfOg] 5g
-u_ Aofhb hf]lvdnfO Jojlyt tyf GogLs0f ug +nUg lgb]zg kmf=g+== adf]lhdsf]
ljj0f qdfls -cf]h k rt cf dfGt_ kdf tof uL qodf dfKt
ePsf] lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
-_ Aofhb hf]lvdsf] cgudg ug lnOgkg] do cGtfn (Time Interval) sf] juLs0f ubf
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= = Aofhb DaGwL hf]lvd cgudg tflnsf adf]lhd ug kg]5
-$_ lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw (Fixed Maturity Period) gePsf DklQ tyf bfloTjnfO b]xfo adf]lhd
dfj]z ug kg]5 Mndash
-s_ lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw gePsf DklQx
-_ cfjlws kdf Aofhb dfof]hg xg] uL k|jfx ulPsf] shf (Floating rate loan
with interest adjusted periodically) nfO hg cjlwdf Aofhb dfof]hg ulG5
f]xL do cGtfnleq dfj]z ug kg]5
-_ sg Aofhb ljz]if kljtgFu dfof]hg xg] -htM 6]laquohL lansf] Aofhb_ uL
k|jfx ulPsf] cfjlws shfnfO aeGbf sd cjlwsf] do cGtfnleq
dfj]z ug kg]5
-v_ lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw gePsf bfloTjx
Aofhbdf ePsf] kljtgsf sf0f k|efljt xg] lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw gePsf
bfloTjx (Interest Sensitive Floating Rate Liabilities) nfO dfq hg cjlwdf Aofhb
dfof]hg ulG5 f]xL do cGtfnleq dfj]z ug kg]5
-_ cGt (Gap) dfkg b]xfo adf]lhd ug kg]5 Mndash
-s_ ljleGg do cGtfnsf sn DklQaf6 sn bfloTj 36fP f] do cGtfnsf]
DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] cGt (Gap) lgwf0f ugkg]5 pQm cGt (Gap) wgfTds
(Positive) cyjf C0ffTds (Negative) bj xg Sg]5
-v_ Aofhb hf]lvd Gog ug] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ k|To]s do cGtfnsf] l~rt cGt
(Cumulative Gap) d]t lgwf0f ugkg]5 l~rt cGt lgwf0f ubf hg do
cGtfnsf] l~rt cGt lgwf0f ugkg] xf] f] do cGtfnsf] cGt (Gap) lxt f]
eGbf cl3sf do cGtfnsf cGtnfO d]t hf]8] fVg kg]5
-u_ Aofhbdf xg Sg] Defljt kljtgnfO cgdfg (Estimate) ugkg]5 f] k|of]hgsf]
nflu fdfGotof k|ltztn] Aofhb kljtgaf6 kg hfg] cnfO x]g lsg]5
-3_ kljtg xg] cgdfg ulPsf] Aofhb pkv08 -u_ adf]lhd k|To]s do cGtfnsf]
dofjlwFu dfof]lht xg] uL lgwf0f ugkg]5 f] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ Aofhbdf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 229
xg] dfof]lht Aofhb kljtg (Interest Rate Change - IRC) nfO b]xfosf] cgkftn]
u0fg ug kg]5 Mndash
do cGtfndf x]sf lbg divide^ lbg
ht Mmdash k|ltztn] Aofhb kljtg ePdf () lbgsf] do cGtfn xFbf
Interest Rate Change (IRC) = ()divide^)=) = )=))
-ordf_ Aofhbdf ePsf] kljtgsf sf0f a+ssf] gfkmfndashgf]Sfgdf kg uPsf] cnfO x]g
ljleGg do cGtfnsf] l~rt cGtfn (Cumulative Gap) nfO pkv08 -3_ adf]lhd
lgwf0f ulPsf] Aofhbn] u0fg uL lgwf0f ug kg]5
-^_ sg gofF a+lsordf ]jf (New Product) sf] cawf0ff tof ubf Jofhbsf] ptfr9fjsf sf0f
+yfsf] jfnftdf otf] a+lsEuml ]jfsf sf0f kg] csf] dNofIacuteg ugkg]5 Jofhb
hf]lvdnfO b[li6ut uL +yfxnfO Pricing Repricing nufot k|ltkwfTds ljZn]if0f
(Competitive Analysis) DaGwL ljlw tyf 0fgLltx thdf uL nfu ug k|]lt ulPsf] 5
(= ljb]zL ljlgdo hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
-_ ljb]zL ljlgdo bdf xg] ptfr9fjaf6 pTkGg hf]lvdnfO Jojyfkg ug FyfFu plrt
gLlt tyf sfoljlw xgkg]5 ljlgdobsf] ptfr9fjaf6 +yfsf] cfo Pjd kFhLdf kgSg]
Defljt hf]lvdsf] DalGwt +yfn] dNofEumlg ugkg]5
-_ ljb]zL ljlgdo bdf cfpg] Defljt kljtgaf6 +yfsf] ljQLo cjyfdf kg Sg]
cnfO cgudg ug] p2]Zon] +nUg lgb]zg kmf=g+= = adf]lhdsf] ljj0f dfls kdf
dlxgf ljt]sf] amp lbgleq o a+ssf] DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5
-_ +yfn] ljb]zL ljlgdo bdf cfpg] kljtgaf6 pTkGg xgSg]] hf]lvdnfO GogLs0f ug
o a+sn] hfL u]sf] n]vf DaGwL gLlt tyf ljQLo ljj0fxsf] 9fFrf DaGwL lgb]zg -
O=k|f lgb]zg g+= $_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] 6xL 36a9 sf]if sfod fVg kg]5
-$_ +yfn] cNksfnLg tyf bL3sfnLg eQmfgL cjlwsf cfwfdf ljb]zL ljlgdonfO db|fut
kdf juLs0f uL bj cjlwsf] vb cjyf (Net Position) b]vfpg kg]5
ki6Ls0fM o k|of]hgsf] nflu aeligcNksfnLgAElig cjlw eGgfn] dlxgf jf f]eGbf sd cjlw
Demg k5
-_ +yfsf] ljb]zL ljlgdosf] blgs vb cjyf a9Ldf k|fylds kFhLsf] ) k|ltztDd xg] uL
Ldf sfod ulPsf] 5 vb cjyf pQm LdfeGbf a9L xg uPdf +yf jo+n] Totf]
cjyfnfO Ldfleq Nofpg k|of ug kg]5 dlxgfleq klg +yfn] vb cjyfnfO
Ldfleq gNofPdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) adf]lhd sfjfxL xg]5 vb cjyf u0fgf
ubf kljTo ljb]zL db|f lgIf]k bfloTj (Foreign Currency Deposit Liablility) tyf clu|d ljb]zL
ljlgdo vlbdividelaqmL nufot cGo Derivatives xsf sd d]tnfO dfof]hg ug kg]5
-^_ +yfn] jfnftleq jflxsf] sff]afaf6 [hgf xg Sg] ljb]zL ljlgdo DaGwL
hf]lvdsf] oyf]lrt n]vfhf]vf ub f]sf] dNofIacuteg Pjd Jojyfkg ug DalGwt +yf Ifd
xg kg]5
)= cGo hf]lvd Joyfkg ug] DaGwL Jojyf
dfly pNn]v ulP afx]ssf cGo hf]lvd ht Reputation Risk 0fgLlts hf]lvd (Strategic Risk)
Dklt z4Ls0fdividecft+ssfL lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL DaGwL hf]lvd (AMLCFT Risk) htf
hf]lvdxsf] d]t klxrfg ug kg]5 +yfn] otf j lsldsf hf]lvdxsf] Jojyfkg ug
kofKt gLlt sfoljlw thdf ug kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 230
= hf]lvd Jojyfkg DaGwL dfubzg
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig jusf jfl0fHo a+sxsf] hf]lvd JojyfkgnfO jn agfpg hfL ulPsf]
hf]lvd Jojyfkg DaGwL dfubzg (Risk Management Guidelines) nfu ulPsf]n] pQm
dfubzgnfO d]t cfwfsf] kdf lng kg]5
= bjfa kLIf0f DaGwL dfubzg
o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf jo+n] tf]lsPsf] bjfa kLIf0f dfubzg -Stress
Testing Guidelines_ adf]lhd lgoldt kdf bjfj kLIf0f -6]laquo 6]li6Euml_ ug] Jojyf sfofGjog
ugdivideufpg kg]5 f] dfubzg adf]lhd bjfj kLIf0f ug] Gbedf lgDg adf]lhdsf] yk Jojyf
ulPsf] 5 Mndash
-s_ DalGwt +yfn] qodf ljQLo ljj0fsf cfwfdf bjfa kLIf0f uL Totf] kLIf0fsf]
kl0ffd af] ~rfns ldlt tyf pRr Jojyfkgdf 5nkmn ugkg]5
-v_ Totf] bjfa kLIf0fsf] nflu o a+sn] tof u]sf] Spreadsheet o a+ssf] DalGwt
klj]If0f ljefusf] undashynut dxfzfvfdf Dks fvL lng lsg]5
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Spreadsheet df plNnlvt bjfa kLIf0fFu DalGwt tYofIacute Pjd
kl0ffd x]s qodf lat]sf] ) lbgleq DalGwt klj]If0f ljefusf] undashynut OsfOdf
pknAw ufpg kg]5
= vf]hL jrfpm
-_ o a+saf6 ocl3 hfL ulPsf b]xfosf lgb]zgx vf]h ulPsf] 5 Mndash
PsLs[t lgb]zg )amp^ sf] +yfsf] sff]afdf lglxt hf]lvd GogLs0f ug] DaGwL Jojyf
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= divide)amp^ adf]lhdsf] lgb]zg tyf f] kZrft ldlt )ampamp ebf ut]Dd
hfL ePsf o ljifoFu DalGwt Dk0f klkqx
-_ pkaFbf -_ adf]lhd vf]h ulPsf lgb]zg tyf klkq adf]lhd eP u]sf sfd sfjfxL o
lgb]zg adf]lhd eP u]sf] dflgg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 231
g]= f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= =
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] gfd M
cjlw M
Structural Liquidity
-= nfvdf_
1= gub dfHbft
2= a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf x]sf] dfHbft
3= ljb]zL a+sdf ulPsf] nufgL
4= sn dlg
5= sfL If)fkq
6= g]=f=a+s C)fkq
7= cGt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf shf
8= shf fk^
9= kfpg kg] Aofh
10= le lkf]
11= k|lta$tf cGtut cGo +yfxaf^ k|fKt xg]
12= qm== 20 21 22 sf ljwfxsf] eQmfgL
13= cGo
14= rNtL lgIf]k
15= art lgIf]k
16= dlt lgIf]k
17= C)fkqx
18= fk^L M
dfudividecNk rgf
cGt a+sdividelj=+yf
kgshf
cGo
19= cGo bfloTj tyf Jojyfx M
)laquoL qm]l^
eQmfgL lbgkg] lan
eQmfgL lbgkg] Aofh
Jojyfx
cGo
20= k|lta$tf cGtut cGo +yfxnfO lbgkg]
21= pkef]u egs]sf] jLs[t ljwfx
22= k|lttkqdividehdfgt -vb_
23= lkf]
24= qm== 11 cGtutsf] ljwfsf] eQmfgL
25= cGo
vb DklQ
l~rt vb DklQ
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 232
kfpgkg] Aofh hg dodf Aofh k|fKt xg] xf] f]xL dosf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
le lkf] eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
k|lta$tf cGtut cGo
+yfxaf^ k|fKt xg]
hg dodf ljwf k|fKt xg] ck]Iff ulPsf] f]xL dosf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
qm== 20 21 22 sf
ljwfxsf] eQmfgL
hdfgt afx]s cGo lawfxsf] xsdf eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df
hdfgtsf] xsdf 1 jifeGbf a(Lsf] Bucket df fVg]
cGo zLifsx PsLs[t lgb]zgsf] lgb]zg g+ 5 df Jojyf ulP adf]lhd ug]
)laquoL qm]l^ 1 b]lv 90 lbgsf] Bucket df fVg]
eQmfgL lbgkg] lan eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
eQmfgL lbgkg] Aofh eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
Jojyfx lglZrt eQmfgL cjlw ePsf] cjyfdf f]xL adf]lhd gePsf] cjyfdf 1 b]lv 90
lbgsf] Bucket df fVg]
k|lta$tf cGtut cGo
+yfxnfO lbgkg]
lautsf] Trend ljin]if)faf^ dfusf] Pattern cgdfg uL f]xL cgfsf] DalGwt
Bucket df fVg]
pkef]u eOgs]sf]
jLs[t ljwfx
lautsf] Trend ljin]if)faf^ dfusf] Pattern cgdfg uL f]xL cgfsf] DalGwt
Bucket df fVg]
k|lttkqdividehdfgt -vb_ k|lttkqsf] xsdf eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df hdfgtsf] xsdf
lautsf] Trend ljin]if)faf^ Claim Pattern yflkt uL cfpg] sd hdfgtsf] cjlw
dfKt xg] Bucket df fVg]
lkf] eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
qm== 11 cGtutsf]
ljwfsf] eQmfgL
eQmfgL cjlw cgfsf] DalGwt Bucket df fVg]
cGo zLifsx PsLs[t lgb]zgsf] lgb]zg g+ 5 df Jojyf ulP adf]lhd ug]
Defljt gf]SfgL jfkt sfod ulPsf Jojyfx afx]ssf vr zLifsFu DalGwt Jojyfx
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+= 5=2
Aofhb DaGwL hf]lvd cgudg tflnsf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] gfdM
cjlw M -iquest=nfvdf_
cjlw
ljj0f
ndash ()
lbg
( ndash )
lbg
ndash amp)
lbg
amp ndash
^ lbg
jif eGbf
a9L
sn
sd
= sn DklQ = sn bfloTj = cGtfn - mdash _
$= l~rt cGtfn
= dfof]lht Aofhb (IRC) ^= qdfls dgfkmf lyltdf k|efj
-l~rt cGtfn x IRC) amp= l~rt dgfkmf lylt kms
-qm=+= ^ sf] hf]8 ub hfg]_
sn DklQ cGtut Aofhbdf ePsf] kljtgsf sf0f k|efljt xg] DklQ (Interest Sensitive Assets) dfq dfj]z ug
kg]5
sn bfloTj cGtut Aofhbdf ePsf] kljtgsf sf0f k|efljt xg] bfloTj (Interest Sensitive Liabilities) dfq
dfj]z ug kg]5
Interest Rate Change
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 233
g]=f= a+s lgb]zg kmf=g+== ljb]zL ljlgdo DaGwL hf]lvd cgudg tflnsf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] gfd M
cjlwM -
iquest=nfvdf_
ljb]zL db|f
cNksfnLg cNksfnLg
vb cjyf
bL3sfnLg bL3sfnLg
vb cjyf
sn
vb
cjyf
vb
cjyf
k|fylds
kFhL DklQ bfloTj DklQ bfloTj
o= P= 8n
6lnEuml kfp08
hfkfgL o]g
of]
cGo db|f
eftLo kofF
sn
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 234
g]kfn fi6laquo a+s
s]Gb|Lo sfofno
a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= ^divide)ampamp
+yfut zfg DaGwL Jojyf
o a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] kfngf ug kg] +yfut zfg
DaGwL Jojyf DaGwdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf amp( n] lbPsf] clwsf k|of]u uL b]xfosf
lgb]zg hfL ulPsf] 5
= ~rfnsn] kfngf ug kg] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf ~rfnsn] Gogtd jLsfof]Uo cfr0f sfod ug kg]
-s_ ~rfnsn] o a+sn] hfL u]sf] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf kfngf ug] jrgj4tfkqdf
xtfIf ug kg]5
-v_ sg JolQm ~rfnsdf lgoQm ePkl5 sfoef DxfNgeGbf klxn] cfgf] +yfFu
ljQLo jfy eP gePsf] sf ~rfns ldltnfO lnlvt kdf hfgsfL ufpg
kg]5
-u_ ~rfnsn] a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf] Jojyfkgsf] blgs sfdsfjfxLdf xtIf]k ug
xFbg
-3_ ~rfnsn]] cfgf] clwsf If]q gf3L u]sf] sfdsfjfxLk|lt ~rfns jo+ hjfkmb]xL
xg kg]5 Totf] cjyfdf +yf pQbfoL xg kg]5g
-ordf_ ~rfnsn] kbLo dofbf sfod xg] uL lzi6 af]nL Jojxf sfoznL cfr0f k|tt
ug kg]5 +yfsf] sfo jftfj0f lau|g] 3[0ff aring]if pTkGg xg] sgklg lsldsf]
ultljlw ug divideufpg xbg
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] lxt ljkLtsf ultljlwdf +nUg xg gxg]
-s_ ~rfns k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf +yfsf] lxt ljklt xg] sg klg lsldsf]
ultljlwdf +nUg xg xbg
-v_ ~rfns lghsf] ljQLo jfy x]sf] u|fxsFusf] sff]afdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf
+nUg xg xFbg sg u|fxsFu Totf] ~rfnssf] sg klg lsldn] jfldTj
fe]mbf jf hdfgtstf eO C0f lng] jf lbg] ljifodf ljQLo jfy ufFlPsf] 5 eg]
lgh ~rfns kbdf axfn xg of]Uo dflgg] 5g
-u_ ~rfns ldltn] lghsf] ljQLo jfy ufFlPsf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft gu]Dd fjhlgs
kdf lgisfzg ulPsf ]odivideC0fkqxsf] sff]afsf] xsdf o lsldsf] k|ltaGw
nfu xg] 5g
-3_ ~rfnssf] Psf3 kljfsf bon] lwtf]kq JojfoL -bnfn ahf lgdftf cflb_
sf] kdf yflkt +ul7t +yfsf] bz k|ltzteGbf a9L jfldTj u|x0f uL lwtf]kq
sff]afdf +nUg xg kfOg] 5g
-ordf_ ~rfns jf k|ltzteGbf a9L ]o lnPsf ]owgL jf lghsf] kljfsf] jfldTjdf
x]sf]divideljQLo jfy x]sf] kmd sDkgLFu 3 ef8f lnO sff]]jf ug kfOg] 5g
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 235
-_ PseGbf a9L Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfns Nnfxsf jf sfosfL clwsf k|of]u ug]
cGo sg kbdf xg gkfOg]
Pp6f +yfdf ~rfns x]sf] JolQm Psk6s csf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yf nufot xsfL
P]g )$ cGtut +rflnt art tyf C0f xsfL +yf tyf aLdf DaGwL Jojfo
~rfng ug] +ul7t +yf d]tsf] ~rfns Nnfxsf jf sg klg kbdf xg kfOg]
5g
-$_ +Ifssf] xlotdf xg gxg]
~rfnsn] u|fxssf] hdLg tyf hfoh]yf DaGwL sff]afdf k|zfs jf +Ifssf] xlotn]
+nUg xg xFbg olb otf] sfodf +nUg eO u|fxssf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf x]sf]]
vftfdf xtfIf ug] clwsf k|fKt u]df ~rfns ldltaf6 Tosf] lnlvt jLs[lt lng
kg]5
-_ kbsf] bkof]u ug gxg]
~rfnsn] cfgf] kb gfd bkof]u uL sg klg lsldsf] JolQmut kmfObf xg]
lqmofsnfkdf +nUg xg kfOg] 5g Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf ~rfns lghsf kljfn]
d]t lgh axfn x]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfFu sff]af ubf kfljfls DaGwnfO hf]8g
kfOg] 5g kljfsf] ljj0f vnfO Totf kljfn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 shf lng]
ePdf f] DaGwL 5nkmn lg0fodf efu lng kfOg] 5g fy fdfgxsf] vlb laqmL
ubf ]o nufot cGo k|Tofeltxsf] sff]afdf k|fyldstf kfpg jf lbgsf nflu kbsf]
pkof]u ug kfOg] 5g ouL g rfFbL ljb]zL ljlgdo ljb]zL If0fkqxsf] sectfksectf
ubf kbLo k|efj kfg kfOg] 5g
-^_ clen]v k|ltj]bg k0f Pjd bt fVg kg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] n]vf DaGwL clen]v k|ltj]bg k0f Pjd bt kdf fv]sf]
xgkg]5 ~rfnsn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] cflwsfls n]vf DaGwL clen]v
sfuhftdf JolQmut kdf yk36 ug kfOg] 5g
-amp_ uf]klgotf sfod fVg kg]
-s_ ~rfnsn] u|fxssf] rgf sff]afsf] uf]kgLotf sfod fVg kg]5 lgh ~rfns
kbaf6 lgj[Q eOs]kl5 klg +yfn] sg u|fxsFu u]sf] uf]Ko sfo -Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfsf] lnlvt jLs[lt gePsf]df_ k|ltlnkL clwsf cGo kqfrf n]vf u|fxsFu
ePsf] cGo sff]afsf] ljj0f cfgf] ljQLo jfysf] nflu k|of]u ug kfOg] 5g
-v_ sg u|fxssf] Jofjflos jf ljQLo rgf u|fxssf] lnlvt jLs[lt lnP cGo JolQm
jf +yfnfO lbg lsg] 5
t k|rlnt sfggsf] cwLgdf xL ljQLo sff]af DaGwL ljj0fx t]|f] kIfnfO
pknAw ufpFbf uf]kgLotf e+u ePsf] dflgg] 5g
-_ lgikIf dfg Jojxf ug kg]
~rfnsn] u|fxsFusf] ldqtf DaGwaf6 k|efljt geO lgikIf Pjd dfgtfsf] cfwfdf
Jofjflos Jojxf ug kg]5
-(_ lnlvt kdf hfgsfL lbg kg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf jLsf uL tyf
cfjZos b]v]df cfgf] cfGtls sfo k|0ffnLsf] nflu yk cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf d]t tof
uL o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu DjlGWft klj]If0f ljefunfO lnlvt
kdf hfgsfL lbg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 236
-)_ ljj0f k]z ug kg]
a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfgf] ~rfnsn] o lgb]zgdf tf]lsPsf cfr0fx kfngf u]
gu]sf] ljj0f jflifs kdf ljQLo ljj0fdf vnfpg kg]5 sg ~rfnsn] pQm
cfr0fxsf] kfngf gu]df f] kfngf gu]sf] ljj0f lghdfly ulPsf] sfjfxLsf] ljj0f
DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5
-_ ~rfns ldltsf] bo ldltsf] a7sdf lgoldt kdf pklylt xg kg]5 otf]
pklylt lel8of]divide6]ln sGkm]Gsf] dfWodaf6 d]t xg Sg]5 dgflj dflkmssf] sf0f
tyf kj rgf lagf nuftf k6seGbf a9L ldltsf] a7sdf cgklyt ePdf Totf]
~rfnssf] kb jtM lQm ePsf] dflgg]5
-_ Ps eGbf a9L JolQm Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfnsdividesfosfL k|dv xg gkfOg]
o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +Yffdf Psf3 kljf kmd sDkgL +ul7t
+yf jf Pp6 dxsf] sDkgLaf6 Ps eGbf a9L JolQm ~rfns jf sfosfL k|dv kbdf
dgf]gogdividelgjfrgdividelgoQm xg Sg] 5g
t n3ljQ ljQLo sff]af ug] aelig3AElig jusf] ljQLo +yfdf ~rfns lgoQm ug +ul7t
+yfn] ]o lnPsf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf cfkmn] lnPsf] ]o cgkftdf ~rfns lgoQm
ug afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g Pp6f Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] csf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yf -
aelig3AElig ju afx]s_ df ]o nufgL (Cross Holding) eO ~rfns lgoQm ug of] Jojyfn] 56
lbPsf] dflgg] 5g
-_ g]kfn sf jf g]kfn sfsf] jfldTj k|fKt +ul7t +yf jf o a+s jf o a+saf6
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf] axfnjfnf sdrfL a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL
P]g )amp sf] bkmf sf] pkbkmf -_ sf] v08 -`_ df ePsf] Jojyf adf]lhd n3ljQ
ljQLo +yf kjfwf ljsf a+sdf afx]s cGo Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf]
~rfns xg kfpg] 5g
-$_ sg klg kmd tyf sDkgL sfnf]rLdf k]sf] eP sfnf]rLdf x]sf] cjlw sfnf]rLaf6
x6]sf] tLg jifDd Totf] kmd tyf sDkgLxsf] tkmaf6 ~rfns dgf]gogdividelgolQmsf] nflu
of]Uo xg] 5g
-_ +yfksdivide+yfks dxsf] ]o wf0f u]sf ]owgLn] +yfks dx afx]s cGo dxaf6
~rfnsdf pDd]bjfL lbg kfpg] 5gg
-^_ sg a+s jf ljQLo +yfdf sg JolQm jf lghsf] k|ltlglw cfgf] cfgf] ljQLo jfy x]sf]
kmddivide sDkgLdivide +yfsf tkmaf6 Ps k6s Ps eGbf a9L ~rfns kbdf lgoQmdividedgf]gog
xg Sg] 5gg
-amp_ +3Lo +rgf adf]lhdsf] yfgLo k|fb]lzs jf +3Lo txsf] kbflwsfLdf lgjflrt JolQmx
o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf ~rfns xFbf +yfut zfgsf] kIf sdhf] xg] xFbf
Totf kbflwsfLxn] kbdf axfn x~h]n a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] ~rfns ldltdf
k|ltlglwTj ug kfpg] 5gg
-_ amp) jif gf3]sf] JolQm Ohfhtqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfns kbdf lgoQmdividekgM lgoQm tyf
dgf]lgt xg of]Uo xg] 5g fy amp$ jif gf3]sf] JolQm ~rfns kbdf axfn xg Sg]
5g
= ~rfnsdivide~rfns ldltsf] stJo pQbfloTj
jfwf0faf6 lgIf]k +sng uL Tosf] +If0f ug] htf] dxTjk0f sfodf +nUg Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfsf ~rfnsxn] cfgf ]owgLxsf] lxt dfq gx]L lgIf]kstf nufotsf f]sfjfnf
(Stakeholder) xsf] lxt +If0f ugSg] uL +yf ~rfngdf lqmofzLn xg kg]5
~rfnsxsf] cn cfr0f tyf lqmofsnfkaf6 DalGwt +yfsf fy b]zsf] du| ljQLo
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 237
k|0ffnLdf cgsn k|efj kg hfg] xFbf Totf +yfsf ~rfnsxsf] lgoQmL lghxn] kfngf ug
kg] stJo tyf axg ug kg] pQbfloTj DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Jojyf ulPsf] 5 Mndash
-s_ +yfnfO bIf ljj]sk0f Pjd Jofjflos kdf ~rfng ug pkoQm lsldsf] sdrfL
k|zfg ljlgodfjnL tof uL of]Uo tyf Ifd pRr kbflwsfLxsf] 5gf6 tyf lgolQm ug
kg]5
-v_ cfGtls n]vfkLIfsaf6 lgoldt kdf cfGtls n]vfkLIf0f ufpg kg]5 cfGtls
n]vfkLIf0fsf] sfo Outsource ug] ePdf k]zfut k|df0fkqk|fKt AolQmdivide+yfnfO lgoQm ug
lsg]5 fy DalGwt +yfn] cfgf] Ps hgf clws[tnfO Dks clws[tsf] lhDd]jfL
tf]Sg kg]5 cfGtls n]vfkLIfsn] sDtLdf qdfls kdf cfgf] k|ltj]bg lw n]vfkLIf0f
ldlt dIf k]z ug] Jojyf ug kg]5 pQm k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf ljifox d]t dfj]z
ePsf] xg kg]5 Mndash
-c_ cfGtls n]vfkLIf0fdf +nUg hgzlQmsf] ljj0f
-cf_ f] sfo DkGg ug nfu]sf] sfo lbg
-u_ sg Pp6f +yfsf] Internal Audit DaGwL sfo ug lhDd]jfL tf]lsPsf] JolQm jf +yf tyf
f] +yfsf fem]bf jf sdrfLn] f] +yfsf] Statutory Audit DaGwL sfodf +nUg xg
kfpg] 5g TouL sg Pp6f +yfsf] Statutory Audit DaGwL sfo ug lhDd]jfL tf]lsPsf]
JolQm jf +yf tyf f] +yfsf fem]bf jf sdrfLn] f] +yfsf] Internal Audit DaGwL
sfodf +nUg xg gkfpg] Jojyf ldltn] ldnfpg kg]5
-3_ +yf jfwf0fsf] sd klrfng ug] +yf ePsf] xFbf ~rfnsxn] +yfsf] cgudg
tyf klj]If0f sfo j9L ljj]sk0f Ifd tLsfn] ug kg]5
-ordf_ +yfsf sdrfLxnfO clVtof k|Tofof]hg u] klg lghxsf] lqmofsnfksf] clGtd bfloTj
~rfnsxn] g axg ug kg] xFbf ~rfns ldltsf] a7sdf sdrfLx dfly ulPsf
klj]If0f tyf sfjfxL DaGwL clen]v fVg kg]5
-r_ +yfsf] nufgL tyf shf gLlt DklQ tyf bfloTj Jojyfkg ah]l6Euml of]hgf cGo
cfjZos ljifodf lnlvt gLlt tyf of]hgf thdf uL sdrfLxnfO kfng ug nufpg
kg]5
-5_ ~rfnsxn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] cjyf Pjd ultljlw Jojyfkgn] clVtof u]sf
gLlt DaGwdf lgoldt kdf hfgsfL lnO cfjZostf cgf wffTds pkfo ckgfpg
kg]5
-h_ ~rfns ldltsf] a7s k|rlnt sfggdf Jojyf eP cgf ag kg]5
-em_ k|rlnt sfgg o a+saf6 hfL ePsf gLlt lgb]zg tyf lgodgsf] klkfngf gePdf
~rfnsx cfgf] kbaf6 avft d]t xgSg] xgfn] Totf sfgg gLlt lgb]zg tyf
lgodg ljifodf ~rfnsx k0f hfgsf xgsf fy Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 Totf sfgg
gLlt lgb]zg tyf lgodg kfngf eP gePsf] DaGwdf lgoldt cgudg ug kg]5
-`_ +yfsf ~rfnsxn] lgIf]kstfsf] xslxt ljkLt sfo u]df jf o a+sn] dfu u]sf
sfuhftx pknAw gufPdf g]kfn fi6laquo a+s P]g ) sf] bkmf )) adf]lhd Totf
~rfns tyf kbflwsfLnfO nufOPsf] hljfgf JolQmut kdf ltg kg]5 oL JolQmut
kdf lt]sf] hljfgf sdnfO DalGwt Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] cfgf] lxfjdf vr n]vL
eQmfgL lbg kfpg] 5g
-6_ a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf] +yfks ~rfns jf zGo bzdnj Ps k|ltzteGbf a9L ]o
lnPsf] ]owgL tyf lghsf] kljf f]xL +yfsf] jtGq ~rfns xg kfpg] 5g jtGq
~rfnsn] wf0f u]sf] ]o jfldTj u0fgf ubf kljfsf a boxn] wf0f u]sf] sn
]o +VofnfO cfwf dfGg kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 238
-7_ k|rlnt sfggn] tf]s]sf] cjyfdf afx]s Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf u sfosfL ~rfns
tyf cGo ~rfnsxn] k|dv sfosfL clws[tsf] cgklyltdf k|dv sfosfL clws[tsf]
xlotn] blgs sfo~rfng ug kfOg] 5g fy cWoIf tyf ~rfnsxn] cfgf]
+yfsf] n]6Kof8 tyf 5fk k|of]u uL sg klg kqfrf ug kfOg] 5g t cWoIfnfO a+s
tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp sf] bkmf sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ~rfnsn] a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfsf] Jojyfkgsf] blgs sfd sfjfxLdf xtIf]k ug xFbg eGg] Jojyfsf]
cwLgdf xL blgs sfo~rfngFu DalGwt afx]ssf ljifodf n]6Kof8 tyf 5fk k|of]u
uL kqfrf ug eg] o Jojyfn] afwf kg]5g
-8_ cfgf] ~rfns ldltsf] a7sdf ~rfns afx]ssf boxnfO cfdGq0f uL ~rfns x
a7s eQf tyf cGo ljwf k|bfg ug kfOg] 5g t a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] ~rfns
ldltn] cfjZostf dxz u]df vfvf ljifodf 7f] fodivide kfdzsf nflu ljQLo jfy
gePsf] lj1 JolQmnfO ~rfns ldltsf] a7sdf cfdGq0f uL cfjZos fodividekfdz k|fKt uL
f] jfkt kflgtlds k|bfg ug sDkgL lrj tyf lrjfnosf sdrfLxnfO ~rfns
ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] vr k|bfg ug eg] of] Jojyfn] afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
-k|i6Ls0f M o k|of]hgsf nflu ~rfns afx]s cGo kbflwsfLn] ~rfns +of]hs jf
bo xg] ldltdividepkndashldltdf a7s eQf lng kfpg] 5gg t lrjfno DaGwL sfd
ug] cGo kbflwsfLnfO ldltn] tf]ls 566 eQf lbg lsg] 5 _
-9_ a+s jf ljQLo +yfdf lgjflrtdividedgf]gog ePsf] k|To]s ~rfnsn] cfkm lgjflrt jf dgf]lgt
ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf k+lt lbgleq a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp sf] bkmf amp
adf]lhd kb tyf uf]klgotfsf] zky lnO Sg kg]5 cWoIfn] ky ln+bf aeligsAElig jusf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxsf] xsdf uegdivide8]k6L ueg dIf aeligvAElig jusf fli6laquoo tsf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxsf] xsdf 8]k6L ueg jf o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg
ljefusf sfosfL lgb]zs dIf sf7df8f+ pkTosfleq k|wfg sfofno x]sf aeliguAElig jusf
fli6laquootsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxsf] xsdf o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg
ljefusf sfosfL lgb]zs jf lgb]zs dIf sf7df8f+ pkTosf aflx k|wfg sfofno x]sf
afFsL Dk0f aeligvAElig tyf aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxsf] xsdf DalGwt If]q x]g] g]kfn
fi6laquo a+s sfofnosf] lgb]zs dIf kb tyf uf]klgotfsf] ky lng kg]5 TouL a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfsf] ~rfns tyf sfosfL k|dvn] DalGwt a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf] cWoIf
dIf cGo kbflwsfL tyf sdrfLn] sfosfL k|dv jf lghn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsfL dIf
lng kg]5 o Jojyf adf]lhd ky glnPdf DalGwt cWoIf ~rfns kbflwsfL jf
sdrfLsf] kb jtM vf]h xg]5
-0f_ sfosfL k|dvsf] ]jf ljwfsf] lgwf0f tf]lsPsf] dfubzg cgf ug kg]M
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +Yffn ]] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp sf] bkmf ) df ePsf]
Jojyf d]tsf] cfwfdf Jojyfkg vr Pjd sfosfL k|dvsf] tnj eQf tyf cGo
cflys ljwfx lgwf0f ug] DaGwdf o a+saringff hfL dfubzgdf plNnlvt
dfkb08 cgf ug kg]]5
-t_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] pTs[i6 JolQm 5gf6 (Talent-hunt) k|lqmofaf6 sdrfL egf ug kg]
cjyfdf lgikIftf kfbzLtf sfod xg] uL cnu sfoljlw thdf uL dfq egf ug]
Jojyf ugkg] 5
~rfns lzIff sfoqmd M
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf gofF ~rfns lgoQmdividedgf]lgt eO cfP kZrft DalGwt +yfn]
cfkmgf] +rgf Jojfosf] k|s[lt +yfut zfg +yfut 0fgLlt Jojflos of]hgf
~rfnssf] stJo tyf ptbfloTj hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf DaGwdf ckgfOPsf 0fgLlt
dli6ut cflys Pjd ljQLo cjyf jtdfg sfggL Jojyf k|rngdf x]sf a+lsEuml ]jf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 239
tyf k4lt o a+saf6 hfL ulPsf lgb]zg cflb laifox d]6L Ps dlxgfleq
cledvLs0f -Orientation_ ufpg kg]5
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] du| a+lsEuml k|0ffnLsf] +yfut zfg Pjd hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf]
u0ft wf ugsf nflu kfblztf (Transparency) vnff (Disclosure) jfysf] aringGaring
(Conflict of Interest) cgkfngf (Compliance) cGo lgofds lgsfoFusf] DaGw Pjd
dGjo nufotsf ljifodf cGtfli6laquoo cn cEof (International Best Practice) d]6L
cfkmgf a ~rfnsxnfO x]s jif sDtLdf Psk6s cledvLs0fdividekgtfhuLs0f ufpg]
Jojyf ldnfpg kg]5
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf ~rfns ldltn] aFbf g+= df ePsf] Jojyf d]6L
~rfnssf] of]Uotf tyf alsEuml If]qsf] sfo cgejsf cfwfdf k|To]s ~rfnsnfO k|bfg ug]
~rfns lzIff sfoqmd DaGwL sfoljlw agfO nfu ug kg]5 Totf] sfoljlwsf] divide
k|lt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
$= sfosfL k|dvsf] lgolQm DaGwL Jojyf
-_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] +Rffns ldltn] k|rlnt sfgg tyf +yfsf] k|aGwkq lgodfjnL
a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf ~rfns sfosfL k|dvsf] lgolQmsf nflu cfjZos of]Uotf tyf
sfo cgej DaGwL ljlgodfjnL )amp$ sf] Jojyfsf] cwLgdf xL sfosfL k|dvsf]
lgolQm ug kg]5 oL sfosfL k|dvsf] lgolQm ubf +yfut zfg tyf cfGtls
lgoGq0f Pjd Gtngsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ~rfns ldltsf] cWoIfnfO sfosfL k|dvsf] kdf
lgoQm ug pkoQm xg] 5g
-_ ^ jif gf3]sf] JolQm a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf] k|dv sfosfL clws[t kbdf lgoQmdividekgM
lgoQm xg of]Uo xg] 5g fy ^( jif gf3]sf] JolQm k|dv sfosfL clws[t kbdf axfn
xg Sg] 5g t )amp cf dfGt leq ufEg]divideufleg] tyf k|flKt k|lqmof DkGg uL
PsLs[t sff]af ug] uL bO jf bOeGbf a9L jfl0fHo a+sx Psfkdf ufEg]divideufleg] tyf
k|flKt k|lqmofdf xefuL ePdf Ps k6ssf nflu ^ jif pd] gf3]sf] JolQm a+s tyf ljQLo
+yfsf] k|dv sfosfL clws[tdf lgoQmdividekgM lgoQm xg afwf kg] 5g
-_ sfosfL k|dvsf] kdf lgoQm xg] JolQmdf k|rlnt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL sfggdf
plNnlvt of]Uotf tyf cgejsf cltlQm b]xfosf yk of]Uotf cgej tyf u0fx xg kg]5
-s_ a+lsEuml sff]afsf] nflu cfjZos kg] Jofjflos cgej
-v_ +yfsf] blgs sfo Dkfbgdf cfGtls lgoGq0f k|rlnt sfggsf] klkfngf ug]
ufpg] Ifdtf
-u_ a+lsEuml jf ljQLo Jojfosf] pRr txdf sfo u]sf]
-3_ 6f6 gkN6]sf] jf a]OdfgL jf hfnfhLsf] cff]kdf hfo gkfPsf]
-ordf_ cfgf] kj sff]afdf o a+saf6 lgnDjg gulPsf] jf o a+saf6 ePsf]
cgGwfgdf z+sfkb sff]afdf +nUg egL ls6fg gulPsf] jf Totf] lgnDjgjf6
kmsjf ePsf] kfFr jif ku]sf] jf ToTff] z+sfkb sff]afsf] +nUgtfaf6 kmfO kfPsf]
-r_ sfnf]rLdf dfj]z gePsf] jf Totf] rLaf6 kmsjf ePsf] ltg jif ku]sf]
-$_ +yfn] sfosfL k|dvsf] lgolQm u]df sfosfL k|dvn] flhgfdf lbPdf avft ePdf
jf cGo sg sf0fn] kbdQm xFbf ~rfns ldltdf x]k]m xFbf o a+ssf] a+s tyf
ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefunfO tGt hfgsfL lbg
kg]5
-_ sfosfL k|dv b]z aflx hfgkg] ePdf jf cfgf] cf]xf]bfsf] sfo ug gSg] ePdf jf ft
lbgeGbf a9L do ljbfdf agkg] ePdf lghsf] yfgdf sfd ug] JolQmsf] DaGwdf o
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 240
a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefunfO kj hfgsfL
lbg kg]5
-^_ +yfsf] sfo~rfng sff]af Jofjflos of]hgf tyf dgfkmflylt d]tnfO b[li6ut uL
sfosfL k|dv cGo kbflwsfL tyf sdrfLxsf] tnj tyf ljwf lgwf0f ug kg]5
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfaf6 sfosfL k|dvnfO k|bfg ulg] tnj eQf af]g tyf cGo ljwf
DaGwL ljj0f f] DaGwdf ePsf] sg klg kljtgsf] ljj0f lgoQm ePsf] kljtgsf]
lg0fo ePsf] cflys jif dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf
lgodg ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefunfO pknAw ufpg kg]5
-amp_ cf+lzs kdf sfd ug gxg]
sfosfL k|dvn] cfkm sfot +yf afx]s o a+saf6 Ohfhtkqk|fKt cGo sg klg
+yfdf cf+lzs kdf d]t sfd ug xFbg
-_ sg a+s jf ljQLo +yfsf] sfosfL k|dv csf] sg Jojflos +yfdf ~rfns sfosfL
k|dv cGo kbflwsfL sdrfL jf cGo sg kbdf xL sfd ug kfpg] 5g t a+s jf
ljQLo +yfn] kjfwf ljsf a+sUacute df nufgL u]sf] cjyfdf f] +yfsf] ~rfns xg o
Jojyfn] afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g
o k|of]hgsf nflu Jojflos +yfUacute eGgfn] dgfkmf cfhg ug] p2]Zo fvL ~rflnt sg
klg +yfnfO aemg kg]5
-(_ rQmf kFhLsf] b]xfo adf]lhd eGbf a9L xg] uL ]o wf0f ug] ]owgL f] +yfsf] ~rfns
kb afx]s sfosfL k|dv nufot sg klg txsf] sdrfL kbdf lgoQm xg of]Uo xg] 5g
of] lgb]zg hfL xFbfsf avt sg JolQm +yfsf] sfosfL k|dv kbdf axfn x]sf] eP
ljBdfg sfosfnsf] afFsL cjlw kf ug eg] afwf ku]sf] dflgg] 5g
-c_ aeligsAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf rQmf kFhLsf] k|ltzt jf f]eGbf a9L
-cf_ aeligvAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf rQmf kFhLsf] k|ltzt jf f]eGbf a9L
-O_ aeliguAElig jusf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf rQmf kFhLsf] k|ltzt jf f]eGbf a9L
-)_ lhNnftdf s]Gb|Lo sfofno jf skf]]6 sfofno x]sf a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf sfosfL k|dv
sfofno sfdsf] lnlnfdf afx]s f]xL sfofnodf lgoldt pklyt xg kg]5
-_ sfosfL k|dv nuftf bO k6seGbf a9L pQm kbdf lgjflrt dgf]lgt jf lgoQm xg gSg]
uL DalGwt +yfn] cfkmgf] lgodfjnLdf Jojyf ugkg] 5 of] lgb]zg hfL xFbf sg a+s
tyf ljQLo +yfsf] lgodfjnLdf f] Jojyf gePsf] eP cfufdL fwf0f efn] f] DaGwL
k|tfj kflt uL lgodfjnL +zf]wg ugkg] 5
-_ k|dv sfosfL clws[t kb lQm ePsf] tLg dlxgfleq clgjfo kdf kbklt ulSg kg]5
TouL Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] JojyfksLo kb egL tf]s]sf kbx d]t lQm ePsf] tLg
dlxgfleq clgjfo kdf kbklt ulSg kg]5 DalGwt +yfn] f]xL adf]lhdsf] JojYff
cfgf] sdrfL ]jf ljlgodfjnLdf d]t pNn]v ugkg]5
t Ps cfkdf ufEg]divideufleg] jf k|fKtLsf] k|lqmofdf x]sf a+s jf ljQLo +yfx aLr
ufEg]divideufleg] jf k|fKtL ug] DjGwdf o a+saf6 4flGts xdlt lbOlsPsf] cjyfdf o
a+ssf] jLs[lt lnO k|dv sfosfL clws[tsf] lgolQmsf] dofjwL yk ug lsg]5
-_ ~rfns ldltn] k|dv sfosfL clws[tnfO lgoQm ug] lnlnfdf kflgtlds cGo ljwf
nufotsf laifodf sf Demftf ubf f] Demftfdf ]jf ljwf DaGwL ztx ls6fgL uL
ki6 kdf pNn]v ug kg]5 +yfnfO ljQLo ef kg] ]jf ljwf DaGwL ztx pNn]v ubf
k|rlnt sfggL Jojyf jf ljlgodfjnLsf] Jojyf adf]lhd xg] egL laringljwfoQm cg]sfyL zAb
k|of]u uL sf Demftf ug kfOg] 5g +yfs sdrfLxdWo]af6 k|dv sfosfL clws[t
kbdf lgoQm ePsf] cjyfdf lghn] vfOkfO cfPsf] ]jf ljwf kfpg] eP f] d]t sfgfdfdf
pNn]v ugkg]5 fy of] Jojyf xg cufj ulPsf Demftfxsf DaGwdf DalGwt a+s jf
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 241
ljQLo +yfn] o Jojyf adf]lhd xg] uL fljs Demftfdf tbgkn] +zf]wgdivide kldfhg
ug kg]5
= sdrfLn] kfngf ug kg] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf M
-_ sdrfLn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf Gogtd jLsfof]Uo cfr0fsf] t sfod ug kg]5 Mndash
-s_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf sdrfLn] o a+sn] hfL u]sf] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf
kfngf ug] argj4tf lxt xtfIf ug kg]5
-v_ cfgf] dftxtsf sdrfLnfO cfr0fsf] ljifodf lgb]zg lbg] hfgsfL lng] pQbfloTj
ljefuLo k|dvxsf] xg]5 sdrfLn] cgzfg jf lgod pNn+3g u]df Tosf] k|ltj]bg
DalGwt ljefuLo k|dvn] sdrfL k|zfg ljefunfO pknAw ufpg kg]5 k|zfg
ljefun] pQm k|ltj]bgsf] clen]v klj]If0fsf] qmddf o a+ssf] klj]If0f 6f]nLnfO
pknAw ufpg kg]5
-_ sdrfLn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] lxt ljkLtsf b]xfosf ultljlwdf +nUg xg kfOg] 5g M
-s_ sdrfL k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] lxt ljkLt xg] sg klg
lsldsf] ultljlwdf +nUg xg xFbg
-v_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] sdrfL cfgf] ljQLo jfy x]sf] u|fxsFusf] sff]afdf
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf +nUg xg xFbg
-u_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf sdrfLsf] cfgf u|fxsFu ]o jfldTj fe]mbf C0f lng]
jf lbg] cflb sg lsldsf] ljQLo jfy ufFlPsf] 5 eg] lghn] cfgf lgs6td
klj]IfsnfO tTsfn To sfsf] hfgsfL lbg kg]5
t lgs6td klj]Ifsn] lghsf] ljQLo jfy ufFlPsf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft gu]Dd
fjhlgs kdf lgisfzg ulPsf ]odivideC0fkqxsf] sff]afsf] xsdf o lsldsf]
k|ltaGw nfu xg] 5g
-3_ cfkm sfot x]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] cltlQm cGo sg klg yfgdf k0fsfnLg
kdf Jojfo ~rfng ug xFbg
-_ cf+lzs kdf sfd ug jLs[lt lng kg]
sdrfLn] f] ++yf afx]s cGo sg klg +yfdf cf+lzs kdf sfd ug jf cGo Jofjflos
ultljlwdf +nUg xgeGbf klxn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] Jojyfkgaf6 lnlvt jLs[lt lng kg]5
cfgf] +yfsf] lxtdf k|ltsn c gkg] ePdf dfq lghnfO cf+lzs kdf sfd ug lnlvt
jLs[lt lbg Sg]5
-$_ sdrfL ~rfns xg kfpg] jf gkfpg] DaGwL Jojyf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yf jf Totf] +yfsf] clwsf+z jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf x]sf] +yfsf]
axfnjfnf sdrfL sg klg Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] ~rfnsdivideNnfxsf xg kfpg] 5g
t b]xfo adf]lhd xg o lgb]zgn] afwf kyenofPsf] dflgg] 5g Mndash
-s_ k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] yfkgf u]sf] xfos sDkgLxsf]
~rfns xg
-v_ g]kfn sfsf] nufgL ePsf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] csf] sg Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfdf nufgL u]sf] sf0fn] Totf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfdf ~rfns dgf]gog ug
kbf g]kfn sfsf] jLs[lt lnO cfgf] sg sdrfL Totf] csf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfsf] ~rfnsdf dgf]gog xg jf
-u_ gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zo gePsf fdflhs ]jfdf +nUg +yfx htM wflds
f+s[lts zlIfs kf]ksfL htf +yfxsf] lgodsf] kllwleq xL ~rfns xg
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 242
-_ +Ifssf] xlotdf xg gxg]
sdrfLxn] u|fxssf] hdLg tyf hfoh]yf DaGwL sff]afdf k|zfs jf +Ifssf] xlotn]
+nUg xg xFbg t sy+sbflrt otf] sfodf +nUg xg k]df sfosfL k|dvaf6 Tosf]
lnlvt jLs[lt lng kg]5
-^_ kbsf] bkof]u ug gxg]
sdrfLn] cfgf] kb gfd bkof]u uL sg klg lsldsf] JolQmut kmfObf xg] lqmofsnfkdf
+nUg xg kfOg] 5g sdrfL jf lghsf gft]bfn] d]t lghx axfn x]sf] Ohfhtkqk|fKt
+yfFu sff]af ubf kfljfls DaGwsf] k|efj kfg kfOg] 5g fy fdfgxsf] vlb laqmL
ubf ]o nufot cGo k||Tofelt sff]afdf k|fyldstf kfpg jf lbgsf nflu kbsf] pkof]u ug
kfOg] 5g ouL g rfFbL ljb]zL ljlgdo ljb]zL If0fkqxsf] sectfksectf ubf kbLo k|efj
kfg kfOg] 5|g
-amp_ rgfsf] bkof]u ug gxg]
sdrfLn] Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] sff]afsf] lnlnfdf k|fKt sg klg rgfsf] bkof]u
ug tyf sg klg rLs[t ePsf] sDkgL jf rLs[t xg afFsL x]sf] sDkgLsf] lwtf]kq
JojfoLsf] kdf sff]afdf +nUg xg kfOg] 5g lghxn]] sfdsf] lnlnfdf afx]s cfkm
dftxtsf sdrfLnfO d]t uf]Ko fVg kg] rgf tyf clen]vsf] hfgsfL lbg xFbg
-_ clen]v sff]afsf] k|ltj]bg fVg kg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] n]vf DaGwL clen]v k|ltj]bg k0f Pjd bt xgkg]5
sdrfLn] cgflws[t kdf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] n]vf clen]v sfuhftdf JolQmut
kdf yk36 ug kfOg] 5g otf] u]df lgh sdrfL k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd hfosf]
efuLbf xg]5
-(_ uf]klgotf sfod fVg kg]
-s_ sdrfLn] k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd u|fxssf] rgf u|fxsFu ePsf] sff]afsf]
uf]kgLotf sfod fVg kg]5 lgh ]jfaf6 lgj[Q eOs]kl5 klg Totf] sff]afsf]
uf]klgotf -k|ltlnkL clwsf cGo kqfrf n]vf u|fxsFu ePsf] cGo sff]afsf]
ljj0f_ cfgf] jf c ssf] ljQLo jfysf] nflu k|of]u ug kfOg] 5g
-v_ sg u|fxssf] Jofjflos jf ljQLo rgf u|fxssf] lnlvt jLs[lt lnP cGo JolQm
jf +yfnfO lbg lsg] 5
t k|rlnt sfggsf] cwLgdf xL a+lsEuml sff]af DaGwL ljj0fx t]|f] kIfnfO
pknAw ufpFbf uf]kgLotf e+u ePsf] dflgg] 5g
-)_ lgikIf dfg Jojxf ug kg]
sdrfLxn] u|fxsFusf] ldqtf DaGwaf6 k|efljt geO lgikIf Pjd dfgtfsf] cfwfdf
Jofjflos sff]af ug kg]5
-_ lnlvt kdf hfgsfL lbg kg]
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] sdrfLn] cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf jLsf u]sf]
tyf cfjZos b]v]df cfgf] cfGtls sfo k|0ffnLsf] nflu yk cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf tof uL
f] jLsf u]sf] hfgsfL o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu DalGwt
klj]If0f ljefunfO lnlvt kdf hfgsfL lbg kg]5
-_ cfr0f DaGwL Jojyf kfngf ePdividegePsf] hfgsfL lbg kg]
sdrfLn] o lgb]zgdf tf]lsPsf cfr0f clgjfo kdf kfngf u] gu]sf] ljj0f cflys
jif dfKt ePsf] lbgleq clgjfo kdf o a+ssf] a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 243
ljefu DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k7fpg kg]5 sg sdrfLn] pQm cfr0f kfngf
gu]df f] DaGwL ljj0f lghdfly ulPsf] sfjfxL af]sf] hfgsfL o a+ssf pkoQm
ljefudf tGt k7fpg kg]5
-_ sdrfLnfO shf k|bfg ug] DaGwdf
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] cfgf sdrfLnfO sdrfL ljlgodfjnLdf plNnlvt
fk6Ldivideljwfsf cltlQm cfg jf cGo sg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfdf flvPsf] d2tL lb
grfFbL tyf g]kfn sfdivideg]kfn fi6laquo a+sn] hfL u]sf] C0fkqdivideartkqsf] lwtf]df shf k|bfg
ug Sg]5
-$_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf +yfks jf ~rfnssf Psf3 kljfsf bo jf k|ltzt eGbf sd
+yfks ]o wf0f ug] ]owgLn] f]xL +yfdf sdrfLsf] kdf sfo u]sf] cjyfdf Totf]
sdrfL sg klg sdrfL olgogsf] kbflwsfL eO sfo ug xFbg
-_ sg klg a+s tyf ljQLo +yf C0f cnL Gofoflws0f nufot cGo lgsfoxaf6 ulg]
lnnfd a9fa9 nufot C0f cnL DjGwL sfoxdf DalGwt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf
sdrfL k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf xefuL xg kfpg] 5gg a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfkmgf]
sdrfL ]jf ljlgodfjnLdf d]t f]xL cgk kldfhg ugkg]5
-^_ Job Specification Know Your Employee DaGwdf
~rfng hf]lvd -Operational Risk_ GogLs0fsf nflu Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn] zfvf k|dv
nufot JojYffkg txsf kbflwsfLnfO lhDd]jfL Dkbf lglZrt of]Uotf tyf cgej
ku]sfxaf6 sfoDkfbg xg] uL ki6 sfoljj0f -Job Specification_ tof uL nfu ug
kg]5 sdrfL DaGwL ljj0f lgoldt kdf cBfalws uL clen]v fVgkg]5
^= sdrfL bIftf clej[l4 DaGwdf M
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfkmgf sdrfLsf]] bIftf clej[l4sf nflu k|To]s jif ut
cflys jifsf] sn tnaeQf vrsf] Gogtd k|ltzt sd tflnd tyf j[lQ ljsfdf vr ug
kg]5 t of] Jojyf cflys jif )amp^divideampamp sf] nflu clgjfo xg] 5g
otf] vr ubf lgDgfgfsf ztx kfngf ug kg]5 M
-s_ tflnd tyf j[lQ ljsf vraf6 +yfsf a sdrfLxn] bIftf clej[l4df dfg cj
k|fKt ug] uL cfjZos JojYff ldnfpg kg]5
-v_ ~rfns ldltsf cWoIf ~rfns k|dv sfosfL clws[tsf] ljb]z e|d0f DaGwL sg
klg vr cfkmgf] +yfsf] tkmaf6 k|ltlglwTj ub ef jf Dd]ngdf xefuL xFbfsf]
k|ltlglw d08nsf] vr o cGtut dfj]z ug kfOg] 5g
-u_ k|fylds alsordf sfo (Core Banking Functions) Fu k|ToIf DalGwt a9Ldf tLg dlxgfDdsf]
jb]zL jf ljb]zL tflnd tyf uf]i7L DaGwL vr dfj]z ug kfOg]5
-3_ tflnddf dgf]lgtdividexefuL xFbf a+ssf] lgodfgf nfUg] vr o cGtut dfj]z ug
kfOg]5
-ordf_ tflnd k|bfos +yfsf] 5gf6 ubf Totf] +yfsf] Voflt k|lti7f ljZjgLotfnfO cfwf
agfpg kg]5
-r_ jb]zL tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf] xsdf a+lsordf If]qFu DalGwt tflnd k|bfg ug] +yf g]kfn
fi6laquo a+s tyf g]kfn sfn] cfof]hgf u]sf tflnd uf]i7L cglzIf0f sfoqmd ]ldgf
cflbdf xefuL ufpFbf nfUg] vr tyf +yf cfkmn] jf cfg cfjfLo tflnd s]Gb| dfkmt
tflnd ~rfng ubf nfUg] vrnfO tflnd tyf j[lQ ljsf vrdf dfj]z ug kfOg]5
-5_ rfn cflys jifdf sdrfLxsf]] bIftf clej[l4df tf]lsP cgfsf] sd vr xg gs]df
Totf] afFsL sdnfO sdrfLsf]] bIftf clej[l4 sf]ifdf hDdf uL cfufdL cflys jifdf vr
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 244
ug kg]5
-h_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfxn] cfgf] +yfdf sfot xfos tb]lv clws[t tDdsf
sdrfLnfO a+lsEuml DaGwL tflnd clgjfo kdf k|bfg ug] Aojyf ug kg]5 a+s tyf
ljQLo +yfn] a+lsEuml If]qdf bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf ugsf nflu cfgf] +yfdf gofF egf
ePsf sdrfLnfO a+s k|j]z u]sf] jifleq o k|sfsf] tflnd k|bfg uL Sg kg]5
-em_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfsf ~rfns ldltn] sdrfLsf]] bIftf clej[l4 DaGwdf sfoljlw
agfO nfu ug kg]5 Totf] sfoljlwsf] divide k|lt a+s tyf ljQLo +yf lgodg ljefu
DalGwt klj]If0f ljefudf k]z ug kg]5
amp= cfGtls ldltdividepkndashldlt DaGwL Jojyf
-_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp sf] bkmf ^ amp ^) ^ df ePsf] Jojyf
cgf ~rfns ldltn] cfgf] hjfkmb]xLdf b]xfo adf]lhd xg] uL ldltdividepkndashldlt
u7g uL sfd stJo clwsf d]t tf]Sg kg]5M
-s_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] cfgf] sfd sfjfxLnfO k|efjsfL kdf ~rfng ug
~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf b]xfosf ldlt jf pkndashldlt dfq u7g ug Sg]5
-c_ n]vfkLIf0f ldlt
-cf_ hf]lvd Jojyfkg ldlt
-O_ sdrfL ]jf ljwf ldlt
-O_ DklQ z4Ls0f lgjf0f DaGwL ldlt
-v_ v08 -s_ df hgs sf n]lvPsf] ePtf klg sg vf k|of]hgsf] nflu do tf]sL
u sfosfL ~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf pkndashldlt u7g ug eg] afwf ku]sf] dfgLg]
5g
-u_ ~rfns ldltsf cWoIf ~rfns ldlt afx]s cGo sg klg cfGtls ldlt jf
pkndashldltdf dfj]z xg kfpg] 5g
-3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd ldlt u7g ubf n]vfkLIf0f ldltdf hgf cGo ldltdf
cfjZostf cgf cfdGq0f ulg] ljz]if1 JolQm lxt sDtLdf b]lv a9Ldf
hgfDd bo xg Sg]5g
-ordf_ DalGwt +yfn] a ~rfnsxsf] of]Uotf cgej vn]sf] Profile tof uL f]sf]
cfwfdf ~rfnsxnfO pkoQm ldltdf fVg] Jojyf ug kg]5
-r_ ~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf ul7t ldltdividepkndashldltsf boxsf] a7s eQf ~rfns
ldlt x cGo kbflwsfLxsf] eQf ~rfnssf] eGbf sd xg] uL ~rfns
ldltn] tf]s]adf]lhd xg]5
-5_ gfoa sfosfL k|dv kbdf a9jf jf gofF kbklt k|lqmofaf6 lgolQm ubf sfosfL
k|dvsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t pkldltsf] lkmfldf ldltn] ugkg]5 gfoj sfosfL
k|dveGbf tNnf] txsf sdrfLsf] a9jf jf gofF kbklt ubf k|dv sfosfL clws[tsf]
lgs6td tNnf] jlotfsf] kbflwsfLsf] +of]hsTjdf ul7t kbklt ldltsf]
lkmfldf sfosfL k|dvn] ug]5
t gfoj sfosfL k|dv eGbf lgs6td tNnf] jf gfoj sfosfL k|dv dfg kbdf
a9jf ubf sfosfL k|dvsf] lkmfldf +yfsf] sdrfL ljlgodfjnLdf ePsf
Jojyfsf] cwLgdf xL +rfns ldltn] ug kg]5
-h_ Pp6f ldltdf +of]hs x]sf] ~rfns csf] ldltdf +of]hs xg kfpg] 5g
-em_ cfGtls n]vfkLIf0f ljefusf k|dv sdrfLxsf] sfoDkfbg dNofIacuteg qmdzM
n]vfkLIf0f ldltn] n]vfkLIf0f ljefusf k|dvn] ug] ufpg] Jojyf ug kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 245
-`_ Pp6f ~rfns Ps sfosfn eGbf a9L nuftf Pp6 ldltdf +of]hs xg kfpg] 5g
-_ n]vfkLIf0f ldlt DaGwL Jojyf M
~rfns ldltn] u sfosfL ~rfnssf] dftxtdf Pp6f n]vfkLIf0f ldlt u7g ug
kg]5 f] ldltsf] bondashlrj cfGtls n]vfkLIf0f ljefusf] k|dv xg]5 f] ldltn]
+yfsf] cflys cjyfsf] dLIff cfGtls lgoGq0f n]vfkLIf0f DaGwL sfoqmd
n]vfkLIf0fsf] kl0ffd DaGwdf ljt[t 5nkmn uL JojyfkgnfO cfjZos lgb]zg lbg]5
Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf cfGtls afXo n]vfkLIfsn] f] ldltdf lw kxFr fVg Sg]5g
lghxn] k]z ug] k|ltj]bg o ldltsf] k|ltj]bg pk ~rfns ldltn] ljt[t
5nkmn ug kg]5 n]vfkLIf0f ldltdf sfosfL k|dvnfO bosf] kdf fVg kfOg] 5g
t cfjZostf k]sf] cjyfdf cfdlGqt bosf] kdf af]nfpg afwf ku]sf] dflgg] 5g
ldltsf] sfd stJo pQbfloTj
-s_ k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] du| ljQLo cjyf cfGtls
lgoGq0f n]vfkLIf0f of]hgf cfGtls n]vfkLIf0fdf cf++NofOPsf ljifoxdf cfjlws
kdf dLIff uL f] DaGwdf ckgfpg kg] sbd af] JojyfkgnfO cfjZos
lgb]zg lbg] f] DaGwL emfj ~rfns ldltdf k]z ug]
-v_ afxo n]vfkLIfsn] k]z u]sf] n]vfkLIf0f k|ltj]bgdf cf+NofOPsf aFbfdivideslkmotx
pk dLIff uL wffTds sbd rfNg JojyfkgnfO lgb]zg lbg]
-u_ g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 lgLIf0f tyf klj]If0f uL k|ltj]bgdf cfNofOPsf
aFbfdivideslkmotxsf] sfofGjog ePdividegePsf] DaGwdf dLIff ug] tyf tL ljifoxsf]
clen]v uL ~rfns ldltnfO hfgsfL ufpg]
-3_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] jflifs ljQLo ljj0fnfO xL oyfy agfpg JojyfkgnfO
xof]u ug]
-ordf_ Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfsf] sff]afsf] xndashlxfj xL oyfy ePsf] DaGwdf ~rfns
ldltnfO ljZjt tNofpgsf] fy Defljt bfloTj shf juLs0f uL f]sf] nflu
fVg kg] Jojyf DaGwdf lgoldt kdf dLIff ug]
-r_ k|rlnt sfgg tyf g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 hfL ulPsf lgodg Jojyfx kfngf
u]dividegu]sf] DaGwdf ldltn] dLIff ugsf fy f] DaGwL Aoxf]f cfgf]
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug kg]
-5_ cfGtls n]vfkLIf0f DaGwL ljt[t sfo k|0ffnL tof uL f]sf] cfwfdf cfGtls
n]vfkLIf0f ufpg kg]
-h_ +yfsf] sfd sfjfxLdf lgoldttf ldtJolotf cflrTotf k|efjsfltf htf sfx
cjnDag ePdividegePsf] af] dLIff uL ~rfns ldltnfO cfjZos emfj lbg]
-em_ qdfls ljQLo ljj0fsf] dLIff uL ~rfns ldlt dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]
-`_ a+s tyf ljQLo +yf DaGwL P]g )amp sf] bkmf ^ sDkgL P]g )^ sf] bkmf
^ df pNn]v ePsf sfox ug]
-_ hf]lvd Jojyfkg ldlt DaGwL JojyfM
~rfns ldltn] Pshgf undashsfosfL ~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf Pp6f hf]lvd Jojyfkg
ldlt u7g ug kg]5 ldltsf] boxdWo] ~rfng -ck]g_ ljefusf ljefuLo k|dv
bo k|dv hf]lvd clws[t -CRO_ bondashlrj xg]5 n]vfkLIf0f ldltsf +of]hs
hf]lvd Jojyfkg ldltsf] kb]g bo xg]5 ldltsf] a7s tLg dlxgfdf sDtLdf
Psk6s ag kg]5
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 246
ldltsf] sfd stJo pQbfloTj
-s_ ljBdfg hf]lvd klxrfg tyf Jojyfkg k|0ffnLsf] kofKttf pkoQmtfsf DaGwdf
~rfns ldltnfO hfgsfL ufpg] pkoQm k|0ffnLsf] ljsfsf nflu emfj lbg]
-v_ Jofjflos ultljlwdf lglxt hf]lvdsf] t hf]lvd axg Ifdtf hf]lvd
Jojyfkgsf nflu ljsf u]sf] 0fgLlt gLltut Jojyf dfubzgsf] lgoldt
kgfjnf]sg uL f]sf] kofKttfsf DaGwdf ~rfns ldltdf emfj k]z ug]
-u_ Jojyfkgaf6 lgoldt kdf hf]lvd Jojyfkg k|ltj]bg lnO hf]lvdsf] cf+sng
dNofIacuteg lgoGq0f tyf cgudg s] sL eOx]sf] 5 f] DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]
~rfns ldltdf cfjZos emfj k]z ug]
-3_ hf]lvd dfof]lht DklQ cgf kFhLsf] kofKttf cfGtls kFhL ljZn]if0f k4lt -
ICAAP_ Jofjflos 0fgLlt cgk gLltut JojYffsf] kofKttf +yfn] lng Sg]
clwstd hf]lvd DaGwdf lgoldt kdf 5nkmn tyf ljZn]if0f uL ~rfns
ldltnfO cfjZos fo emfj lbg]
-ordf_ hf]lvd Jojyfkgsf nflu g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 hfL ulPsf lgb]zgdividedfulgb]zg
+yfn] lgwf0f u]sf cfGtls Ldf pkoQm k|rng cgk cfjZos gLlt Pjd
+rgf ljsf ugsf nflu ~rfns ldltnfO emfj lbg]
-r_ aeligsAElig jusf jfl0fHo a+s fli6laquootsf aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfn]
lgoldt kdf bjfj kLIf0f (Stress Testing) uL f]sf] kl0ffd pk 5nkmn uL f]sf
cfwfdf eljiodf ckgfpgkg] cfjZos gLlt lgdf0f jf lg0fo k|lqmofsf nflu
~rfns ldltdf emfj k]z ug]
-5_ ~rfns ldltaf6 ePsf] clVtof k|Tofof]hgsf] Ldf tyf cflrTotf ljZn]if0f uL
~rfns ldltdf cfjZos emfj lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug]
-h_ +yfsf] DklQ +rgf tL DklQx klrfngsf] cjyf Toaf6 k|fKt ug lsg]
cfo DklQxsf] u0ftdf xg] j[l4divideyenxf DklQ bfloTj ldlt -ALCO_ af6
ePsf sfoxsf] DaGwdf qdfls kdf ljZn]if0fdividedLIff uL ~rfns ldltdf
k|ltj]bg k]z ug]
-em_ cytGqsf] sg If]qdf pTkGg xg] dof jf kljtgn] +yfsf] ljQLo cjyfdf kfg
Sg] csf] DaGwdf cWoog uL f]sf] lgfs0fsf nflu s] stf] gLlt cjnDag
ugkg] xf] cfjZos emfj lxt ~rfns ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]
-$_ sdrfL ]jf ljwf ldlt DaGwL Jojyf
~rfns ldltn] Pshgf undashsfosfL ~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf Pp6f aeligsdrfL ]jf
ljwf ldltAElig u7g ug Sg]5 pQm ldltdf +yfsf] k|dv sfosfL clws[t n]vf
DaGwL ljefusf ljefuLo k|dv bo tyf hgzlQm Aojyfkg DaGwL ljefusf ljefuLo
k|dv bo lrj xg]5g
ldltsf] sfd stJo pQbfloTj
-s_ +yfsf] aeligkflgtlds lgwf0f gLltAElig thdf ug ~rfns ldltnfO cfjZos xof]u ug]
-v_ ldltn] dondashdodf Dk0f sdrfLsf] kflgtlds +rgfsf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f
ug] ahfsf] kflgtlds +rgfdf cfPsf] kljtgn] +yfdf kfg] k|efjsf DaGwdf
lgoldt kn] cWoog uL ~rfns ldlt dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]
-u_ +yfsf] aeligkflgtlds lgwf0f gLltAElig adf]lhd k|rlnt sfgg tyf gLlt lgb]zgdf
plNnlvt Jojyfxsf] kfngf xg] uL k|dv sfosfL clws[t nufot Dk0f
g]kfn fi6laquo a+saf6 aeligsAElig aeligvAElig aeliguAElig jusf Ohfhtkqk|fKt +yfxnfO hfL ulPsf] PsLs[t lgb]zg ndash )ampamp 247
sdrfLsf] kflgtlds j[l4 ugkg] b]lvPdf f]sf] cfwfx lxt ~rfns ldltdf
lkmfl ug]
-3_ +yfsf sdrfLn] Dkfbg ugkg] sfo ljj0f nIo k|ult dNofIacutegsf klrsx
d]t ljsf uL f] adf]lhd lghxsf] sfoDkfbg dNofIacuteg k|0ffnLsf] kgfjnf]sg
ug]
-ordf_ hgzlQm JojYffkg DaGwL sfox egf 5gf6 lgolQm kbyfkgf jf a9jf j[lQ
ljsf sfoDkfbg dNofIacuteg ksf tyf hfo gtd DaGw DaGwL of]hgf gLlt
tyf dfkb08x tof uL ~rfns ldlt dIf k]z ug]
-r_ sdrfL gLlt tyf sfot sdrfL +rgfsf] dLIff ug] Succession Planning tof
uL jLs[ltsf nflu ~rfns ldlt dIf lkmfl ug]
-5_ k|dv sfosfL clws[tn] cfgf] ]jf ljwf+u DaGwL ljifodf 5nkmn ug a]sf]
ldltsf] a7sdf efu lng kfpg] 5gg
-_ DklQ z4Ls0f lgjf0f ldlt DaGwL Jojyf
o a+ssf] lgb]zg adf]lhd a+s tyf ljQLo +yfn] u sfosfL ~rfnssf] +of]hsTjdf
cgkfngf -Compliance_ ljefusf ljefuLo k|dv tyf hf]lvd Jojyfkg laefusf ljefuLo
k|dv bo O=k|f= lgb]zg g+= ( sf] aFbf g+= sf] pkaFbf g+= adf]lhd lgoQm ePsf]
sfofGjog clwsfL bo lrj xg] uL DklQ z4Ls0f lgjf0f DaGwL ldlt u7g
ug kg]5 ldltdf cfjZostf cgf Ps hgf Dd ljz]if1divideDjlGwt JolQm cfdGq0f
ug lsg] 5 ldltsf] a7s sDtLdf klg tLg dlxgfdf Psk6s ag kg]5
ldltsf] sfd stJo pQbfloTj
-s_ DklQ z4Ls0f -dlg nfpG8lEuml_ lgjf0f P]g )^$ DklQ z4Ls0f -dgL
nfpG8lEuml_ lgjf0f lgodfjnL )amp o a+saf6 hfL lgb]Zfg -O=k|f=lgb]zg g+= (_
adf]lhd ePdivideu]sf sfd sfjfxLsf] dLIff uL k|ltj]bg ~rfns ldltdf k]z ug]
-v_ DklQ z4Ls0f -dlg nfpG8lEuml_ lgjf0f P]g )^$ DklQ z4Ls0f -dgL nfpG8lEuml_
lgjf0f lgodfjnL )amp o a+saf6 hfL lgb]Zfg tyf Financial Action Task Force
(FATF) aringff hfL ePsf] lkmfl (Recommendation) adf]lhd a+sn] thdf tyf
sfofGjog u]sf] cfGtls gLlt sfoljlw tyf k|s[ofut kIfxsf] kofKttf DaGwdf
5nkmn uL cfjZos gLltut Jojyf f] sf] sfofGjog ug]
-u_ DklQ z4Ls0f tyf cft+sjfbL lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL klxrfg f]sf]
lgjf0fsf nflu ckgfOPsf ckgfpgkg] k|s[ofut kIf tyf f] sfodf k|of]u xg]
rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] kofKttf DaGwL 5nkmn uL cfjZos wfsf] nflu ~rfns
ldltnfO emfj lbg]
-3_ u|fxs klxrfg DaGwL Jojyfsf] laZn]if0f uL pRr kby JolQm tyf clGtd
lxtflwsfL nufot hf]lvd auLs0f cgf u|fxs klxrfg u|fxs jLsf gLlt
(Customer Acceptance Policy) thdf tyf k|efjsfL kdf sfofGjog ug] ufpg]
-ordf_ DklQ z4Ls0f tyf cft+sjfbL lqmofsnfkdf ljQLo nufgL DaGwL P]g lgodfjnL
o a+saringff hfL lgb]Zfg Pjd a+ssf] cfGtls gLlt lgodsf] klkfngf tyf
sfofGjog cjyfsf] af]df qdfls k|ltj]bg ~rfns ldltdf k]z ug]
-r_ Jojyfkgaf6 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdivideljj0f lnO 5nkmn ug] cfjZostf cgf
~rfns ldltnfO emfj lbg]
-_ AMLCFT sf] hf]lvd Jojyfkg DjGwL k|ltj]bg
-_ u|fxs klxrfgsf] cBfjlws lylt u|fxs klxrfg k4lt (CDD) sf] ljj0f
PEPs sf] ljj0f a[xt u|fxs klxrfg k4lt (ECDD) sf] ljj0f tyf onfO