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Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge

#ifficulty: edium

APA %oal: %oal 1: "nowledge Base of Psychology

. $i; is in the first stage of sleep. 'hich of the following is +2! characteristic of her

consciousness at this time*a. sleep spindles

b. relatively rapid, low7amplitude brain waves

c. it lasts only a few minutesd. it is the transition from wa-efulness to sleep

Answer: a

Page: 9

Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge#ifficulty: edium


. 2f the +34 sleep stages, stage ??? is the shortest@ stage ???, the longest.a. 1@ &

b. 1@ /

c. &@ 1d. /@ 1

Answer: a

Page: 9

Blooms !axonomy: Analysis#ifficulty: edium


8. Brief periods of (spi-y) brain wave patterns called sleep spindles are characteristic of

???? sleep.

a. 34b. stage 1

c. stage &

d. stage /

Answer: c


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Page: 9


#ifficulty: $owAPA %oal: %oal 1: "nowledge Base of Psychology

. 0n general terms, how do brain waves change as a sleeper progresses from stage 1 sleepto stage / sleep*

a. Both their freuency and their amplitude decrease.

b. Both their freuency and their amplitude increase.c. !heir freuency decreases and their amplitude increases.

d. !heir freuency increases and their amplitude decreases.

Answer: c

Page: 9Blooms !axonomy: omprehension

#ifficulty: edium


19. 6leepwal-ing is most li-ely to occur in

a. 6tage &.b. 34.

c. 6tage /.

d. 6tage 1.Answer: c

Page: 9


#ifficulty: ediumAPA %oal: %oal 1: "nowledge Base of Psychology

11. !homas is sleeping right through the sounds of an ambulance and police car sirensright outside his window. 0t is most li-ely that !homas is

a. in 34 sleep.

b. in 6tage / sleep.c. in 6tage & sleep.

d. in 6tage 1 sleep.

Answer: b

Page: 9Blooms !axonomy: Application

#ifficulty: edium


1&. !he stage of sleep that is mar-ed by eye movements, dreaming, and paralysis of the

muscles is called ?????????? sleep.a. transitional

b. paralytical

c. 34

d. circadian


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Answer: c

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Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge#ifficulty: $ow


1. 34 stands for

a. random eye movements.

b. rapid eye movements.c. random encephalographic memory .

d. rapid encoding of memory.

Answer: b

Page: 9Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge

#ifficulty: $ow


1/. "eishas new baby is scrunching her face, breathing irregularly, ma-ing little sounds,

and moving her eyes rapidly bac- and forth under closed eyelids. "eisha as-s you if thismeans that her baby is wa-ing up. Based on what you -now about the stages of sleep,

your B46! answer would be

a. 5es, the baby seems to be coming out of 6tage 1 sleep.b. +o, the baby is showing signs of 6tage / sleep.

c. 5es, it appears that the baby has been awa-e for several minutes.

d. +o, the baby appears to be in 34 sleep.

Answer: dPage: 9

Blooms !axonomy: Application


1. Which of the following statements is/are !"# regarding !#$ sleepand dreaming*a. %t is the only sleep stage in which dreaming occurs&b.he ma'or muscles of the (ody are paraly)ed during !#$ sleep&c. *ot everyone dreams&d. Both A and B are true.

Answer: b

Page: 9Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge


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b. #reams are eually li-ely to occur in 34 and +34 sleep.

c. #reams occur in +34 sleep, but less freuently than in 34 sleep@ +34 dreams

are also less vivid than are dreams in 34 sleep.d. #reams occur in +34 sleep but less freuently than in 34 sleep@ however, +34

dreams are more vivid than are dreams in 34 sleep.

Answer: cPage: 9



1>. 34 sleep is sometimes called active sleepfor all the following reasons 4C4P!

a. heartbeat is fast and irregular during 34 sleep.b. brain activity is intense during 34 sleep.

c. vivid dreams occur during 34 sleep.

d. the activity of s-eletal muscles increases during 34 sleep.

Answer: dPage: 9

Blooms !axonomy: omprehension#ifficulty: edium


18. 34 sleep is paradoxical because

a. the brain is active, but the maDor s-eletal muscles are paraly;ed.

b. the s-eletal muscles remain active, but the brain is inactive.

c. the brain is less active than it is during other sleep stages.d. both the brain and the body are inactive.

Answer: a

Page: 971Blooms !axonomy: omprehension

#ifficulty: edium


1. 'hich of the following statements is true*

a. 6ome people never dream.

b. #ying in your dream can be fatal.c. 6exual arousal can occur during sleep without having a sexual dream.

d. 4veryone needs eight hours of sleep a night.

Answer: cPage: 971



&9. 'hich of the following signs suggest that you may be sleep deprived*

a. 5ou feel weary and irritable.


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b. 5ou find it difficult to concentrate on this uestion.

c. 5ou have a slower reaction time.

d. All of theseAnswer: d

Page: 1

Blooms !axonomy: omprehension#ifficulty: edium


&1. #r. #estri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which

hunting and gathering would have been difficult and unproductive. #r. #estris views

reflect the ????????? perspective on sleep.

a. psychodynamicb. evolutionary

c. humanistic

d. cognitive

Answer: bPage:

Blooms !axonomy: omprehension#ifficulty: $ow


&&. Potential biopsychological functions of sleep include

a. neuronal repair&b.receptor cell maintenance&c. Both+ and d. +either+ nor

Answer: cPage:



&. 0magine a graph displaying the function relating age in years to the mean number ofhours of sleep per night. =ow would the function loo-*

a. 0t would be a positively sloped line.

b. 0t would be a negatively sloped line.c. 0t would be a 7shaped line.

d. 0t would be an inverted77shaped line.

Answer: bPage: 1

Blooms !axonomy: omprehension

#ifficulty: ediumAPA %oal: %oal >: ommunication 6-ills


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&/. 'hich of the following psychologists is 2334!$5 matched with a theory of the

function of dreams*

a. Ereudwish7fulfillment theoryb. =obsondreams7for7survival theoryc. =obsonwish7fulfillment theory

d. Ereudactivation7synthesis theoryAnswer: aPages: &

Blooms !axonomy: 6ynthesis

#ifficulty: edium


&. !he manifest content of a dream

a. is the apparent story line of a dream.b. is the dream you remember having.

c. is the underlying meaning of a dream.

d. Both A and BAnswer: a

Page: &



&. 4sther dreams that she is flying. 4sthers psychoanalyst suggests that such a dream

represents a hidden desire for sexual intercourse. 'hich of the following statements is

EA$64*a. Elying is a symbol.

b. Elying is the latent content.

c. Elying is the manifest content.d. Both A and are false.

Answer: b

Page: &Blooms !axonomy: Application

#ifficulty: edium



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&8. #avid was very angry with his boss and unconsciously wished him dead. !hat night,

#avid dreamed that he pushed his boss off the roof. According to Ereud, the latentcontent of #avids dream would be ??????????, while the manifest content would be

??????????.

a. pushing him off the roof@ unconsciously wishing his boss were deadb. unconsciously wishing his boss were dead@ pushing him off the roof

c. pushing him off the roof@ conscious angry feelings

d. unconscious angry feelings@ conscious angry feelingsAnswer: b

Page: &



&. !he method of dream interpretation that emphasi;es the roles of manifest and latent

dream content isa. activation7synthesis theory.

b. wish fulfillment theory.c. dreams7for7survival theory.

d. latent content theory.

Answer: bPage: &


#ifficulty: edium


9. Brett reports a dream about a stranger who robs him on the bus. According to Ereud,

this would be the ?????????? content of the dream.a. repressed

b. latent

c. expressedd. manifest

Answer: d

Page: &

Blooms !axonomy: Application#ifficulty: edium


1. #r. %remillion argues that dreams function to rehearse and consolidate memories. #r.

%remillion subscribes to the ?????????? theory of the function of dreams.

a. wish7fulfillmentb. dreams7for7survival

c. activation7synthesis

d. symbolic7meaning

Answer: b


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Page:



&. 5ou run a study in which participants were awa-ened either during 34 sleep orduring +34 sleep. !hey were then tested on a visual memory tas- the next day. !hin-

bac- to your study of research methods in psychology@ which of the following

alternatives correctly names and identifies variables or groups in this study*a. independent variablememory tas- performance@ dependent variable: 34 vs.+34 awa-ening

b. experimental group+34 awa-ening@ control group: 34 awa-eningc. independent variable34 vs. +34 awa-ening@ dependent variable: memory tas-performance

d. Both B and are accurate.

Answer: c

Page: 9Blooms !axonomy: 6ynthesis

#ifficulty: =ighAPA %oal: %oal &: 3esearch ethods in Psychology

. 2f the theories of the function of dreaming mentioned in your text, the activation7synthesis theory is probably the most

a. cognitive.

b. humanistic.c. psychodynamic.

d. biological.

Answer: dPage: Blooms !axonomy: 4valuation

#ifficulty: $ow


/. Eour7year old #earcus falls asleep shortly after his 8:9 p.m. bedtime. At about

:/ he suddenly sits up in bed screaming but cannot recall why he screamed. #earcusis probably experiencing

a. a nightmare.

b. a narcoleptic attac-.

c. a night terror.d. sleep apnea.

Answer: c

Page: /Blooms !axonomy: Application

#ifficulty: edium

APA %oal: %oal /: Application of Psychology


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. !he persistent inability to fall or stay asleep is a symptom of

a. insomnia.

b. narcolepsy.c. night terrors.

d. sleep apnea.

Answer: aPage:




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. Gennifer suddenly slumps over in her chair and appears to have fallen asleep in mid7

sentence. 'hich of the following is the B46! explanation for Gennifers behavior*

a. 6he suffers from epilepsy.b. 6he did not get enough sleep last night.

c. 6he suffers from narcolepsy.

d. 6he suffers from insomnia.Answer: c

Page:

Blooms !axonomy: Application#ifficulty: edium


/9. *ight terrors occur during ------ sleep&a. stage .b. 34c. stage 2

d. stage 1Answer: aPage:



/1. According to your text, sudden infant death syndrome H60#6I may reflecta. sleep apnea.

b. narcolepsy.

c. 4ither A or B

d. +either A nor BAnswer: a

Page: Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge

#ifficulty: $ow


/&. Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately &/ hours are termed

a. biorhythms.

b diurnal rhythms.c. circadian rhythms.

d. samba rhythms.

Answer: cPage:



/. Which of the following (ody processes exemplify circadian rhythms*


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a. sleeping and wakingb. blood pressure

c. body temperatured. All of these

Answer: d

Pages: Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge#ifficulty: edium


//. ircadian rhythms are

a. patterns that repeat themselves on a twice daily schedule.

b. rhythmical processes in your brain.c. biological changes that occur on a &/7hour cycle.

d. physical and mental changes associated with the cycle of the moon.

Answer: c

Page: Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge

#ifficulty: edium


/. 0rv cant sleep, so he ma-es himself a cup of warm mil- with a spoonful of honey in

it. 'ill this wor-*a. +o. !ell him to buy some sleeping pills from the drug store.

b. "ind of. !herell probably be a placebo effect.

c. 5es. il- contains tryptophan, which can cause sleep.d. 5es, but it will disrupt his sleep cycle.

Answer: cPage: Blooms !axonomy: 6ynthesis

#ifficulty: edium


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#ifficulty: ediumAPA %oal: %oal : Personal #evelopment

>. =ow often and for how long should meditation be practiced to reali;e its benefits*a. twice wee-ly for &9 minutes at a time

b. twice daily for &9 minutes at a time

c. daily for several hours at a stretchd. 'hat benefits* 4mpirical research has failed to find a beneficial effect of meditation.

Answer: b

Page:


APA %oal: %oal : Personal #evelopment

8. Which of the following statements is most accurate regardingpotential cross5cultural variation in the attempt to alter consciousness4a.he attempt to alter consciousness appears in some cultures (ut notin others6 among those cultures in which it appears, though, the meansto alter consciousness are much the same&b.he attempt to alter consciousness appears to (e universal, (ut theparticular means to do so vary from culture to culture&


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c.he attempt to alter consciousness appears to (e universal, as arethe particular means to do so&d.he attempt to alter consciousness appears in some cultures (ut notin others6 among those cultures in which it appears the means to alterconsciousness vary dramatically&

Answer: bPages:


#ifficulty: edium

APA %oal: %oal 8: 6ociocultural and 0nternational Awareness

. #espite their variety, altered states of consciousness generally involve aHnI

a. alteration in thought processes.b. distorted sense of time.

c. loss of self7control.

d. All of these

Answer: dPage:




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#ifficulty: edium


>9. 'hich of the following statements most accurately describes the effect of caffeine

and the other stimulants on the nervous system*

a. !hey decrease central nervous system activity.b. !hey increase sympathetic nervous system activity.

c. !hey decrease sympathetic nervous system activity.

d. !hey increase parasympathetic nervous system activity.Answer: b

Page: 1997191

Blooms !axonomy: 6ynthesis


>1. Eawn consumed a large amount of a drug at a party. 6he is tal-ative, on edge, and

somewhat irritable. 2f the following, the drug she most li-ely consumed isa. heroin.

b. rohypnol.c. mariDuana.

d. methamphetamine.

Answer: dPage: 191


#ifficulty: edium


>&. ocaine exerts its pleasurable effects in the brain by

a. mimic-ing the effects of dopamine.b. bloc-ing the release of serotonin.

c. delaying the reupta-e of dopamine.

d. facilitating the release of endorphins.Answer: c

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>. ????????? is the most widely used depressant in the nited 6tates.a. Canax

b. Alcohol

c. ariDuanad. Jalium

Answer: b

Page: 19



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#ifficulty: $ow


>/. Which gure (est approximates the proportion of college studentswho have had an alcoholic drink within the past month4

a. Kb. 9K

c. >Kd. 9K

Answer: c

Page: 19



>. %erri and =al had several drin-s at a party last night@ she had three drin-s, while he

had four. 'hich of the two were binge drin-ing*a. =alb. %erri

c. +either of them were binge drin-ing.

d. Both were binge drin-ing.Answer: c

Page: 19



>>. Approximately what proportion of female college students report having been thetarget of an unwanted sexual advance by a drun- classmate*

a. one in three

b. one in fourc. one in two

d. one in five


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Answer: b

Page: 19/



>8. 0magine that you prepared a graph displaying two curves: one plotting the proportion

of women who reported drin-ing alcohol in 1, 1, 18, 1, and &99 and

another showing the proportion of men who reported drin-ing alcohol in the same years.'hich of the following best describes how the two curves would probably loo-*

a. !hey would be parallel.

b. !hey would cross.

c. !hey would be diverging.d. !hey would be converging.

Answer: d

Page: 19/

Blooms !axonomy: Application#ifficulty: =igh

APA %oal: %oal >: ommunication 6-ills

>. According to your text, about 1 in ???? American adults has a drin-ing problem.

a. 7

Blooms !axonomy: 4valuation

#ifficulty: =igh


1&. #escribe several different ways that psychoactive drugs can enhance or impede the

activity of neurotransmitters. Providing examples where possible.

Answer: !he answer should include the following information:#rugs may bloc- or enhance the release of a neurotransmitter, bloc- the receipt or

reupta-e of a neurotransmitter Hex.: cocaine inhibits the reupta-e of dopamineI, or mimicthe effects of a neurotransmitter Hex.: caffeine mimics adenosine@ heroin and morphine

mimic endorphinsI.

Pages: 7199Blooms !axonomy: "nowledge

#ifficulty: edium


1&/. $ist three classes of drugs. 0dentify two drugs in each class and describe their

physiological and behavioral effects.

Answer:!hree of the following classes should be mentioned along with representativeexamples.

6timulants

Caffeine: increased attentiveness@ decreased reaction time@ improved mood@ potentialnervousness and insomnia

Cocaine: feelings of well7being, confidence, and alertness@ potential hallucinations and

paranoia

Amphetamines: feelings of energy, alertness, tal-ativeness, confidence@ increasedconcentration and reduced fatigue@ loss of appetite, increased anxiety, and irritability@

potential paranoia

#epressantsLbarbituratesAlcohol: initial euphoria, Doy@ slurred speech, poor muscle control

BarbituratesHe.g., Phenobarbital, 6econal, +embutalI: induce sleep@ promote relaxation

+arcoticsHeroin and morphine: a rush of positive feeling@ a sense of well7being and peacefulness

=allucinogens

Marijuana: feelings of euphoria and well7being@ enhanced sensory experiences@ impaired

memory@ distorted perception of time


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S!: vivid hallucinations@ distortion of time perception

"cstasy: sense of peacefulness and calm@ increased connection and empathy with others@

feeling relaxed yet energeticPages: 199719

psychsm tb ch04

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