pMjwbI sU&I klwm AiDAYn ivDIAW: sImw qy sMBwvnwvW

sWJy Drwql qoN augmy hox dy bwvzuUd hr sU&I Awpxy AnuBv dI mOilkqw kwrx ie`k v`KrI pCwx r`Kdw hY[ pMjwbI sU&I klwm isr& dUijAW nUM ^uS krn leI ricAw igAw swDwrx kwiv nhI, ieh gMBIr AnuBv dy is`ty vjoN pRgt hoieAw igAwn dw ^mIr hY[ A`lwh nUM pu`jy kwiml sU&I drvySW dw AnuBv sDwrn lokW dI zubwn ivc Fl, klwm rUp ho ky jdoN jg zwihr huMdw hY qW igAwn Aqy suhj dw Adu`qI sumyl bx, ivl`Kx swihq vjoN sQwipq ho jWdw hY[ AYsy swihq nUM AiDAYn jW Koj dw ivSw bnwaux leI swDwrx ivDI kMm nhI Aw skdI[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv icMqn AwpxI ie`k sdI dI aumr hFW cu`kw hY[ ies lMmy smyN dOrwn ieh v`K-v`K DwrwvW Aqy viSSt sU&I icMqkW dIAW DwrnwvW ADIn ivkisq huMdw vrqmwn smyN q`k PYldw hY[ bwvjUd ies dy AiDAn-kwrj leI Ajy vI AnykW cuxOqIAW Agyry ivkws krn dIAW sMBwvnwvW mOjUd hn[ ibRitS mUl dy BwrqI pRSwsink syvwvW dy auu~c AiDkwrI cwrls PrYfirk Asborn ny 1905 eI. ivc bwbw bu~lHy Swh bwry Bullha Shah: Mystic Poet of Punjab: A Study nW dw iek Awlocnwqmk lyK iliKAw[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv sMbMDI pihlw lyK hox dy bwvjUd ieh bu`lyH Swh dy rh`svwd Aqy dwrSinkqw dIAW qwrW CyVdw, ijhnNw msilAW aupr crcw krdw hY, aus nwl AgWh Awaux vwly AwlockW leI rwh K`ulHdy hn[ ies leI ieh lyK iek Kws dsqwvyz dy rUp ivc ieiqhwsk mh`qqw r`Kdw hY[Asborn dw rv`eIAw bwbw bu`lyH Swh dI qr& pRSMswmeI hY[ lyK ivc auh keI vwr bu`lHy Swh dI qulnw sMswr pRis`D kvIAW Aqy dwrSinkW nwl krdw hY[ ausdw muK mMqv p`CmI jgq nMU pUrbI swihq dI vifAweI nwl jwxU krwauxw hY[ p`CmI siBAwcwrk ipCokV hox kwrx auh pMjwbI kivqw ivc AOorq nMU AwiSk Aqy mrd nMU mwSUk dy rUp ivc pyS hoieAw dyK ky hYrwnI pRgt krdw hY[ bu`lHw ausdI nzr ivc Swier nwlo iek Dwrimk pRcwrk vDyry hY, jo klwqimk p`Kw nwlo Awpxy sMdyS dI s`cweI a~upr vDyry b`l idMdw hY[ bu`lyH dI swdgI, nYiqkqw Aqy ausdy isDWq vihdq-aul-vjUd dw auh kwiel hY[ Asborn bu`lyH Swh dI ivcwrDwrw dy mu`K pihlUAW murSd pRsqI, ieSk, idKwvy dI SrwA dw r`d krnw Awid au`pr ivcwr krdw hoieAw, ausnUM iqAwgI jW rh`svwdI kihx nwlNo dwrSink BogvwdI kihxw ibhqr smJdw hY Aqy ausdy ivcwrW dI dwrSink sWJ romn kvI ilaUkqyrs nwl drSwauNdw hY[ bIj rUp ivc pMjwbI sU&I kwiv Awlocnw dy Kyqr ivc AwieAw Asborn dw Awlocnwqmk lyK jldI nhI puMgirAw[ pUrv syKoN kwl dI pMjwbI Awlocnw kw&I Arsw swihq pwTW dI sWB-sMBwl pRmwixk mqn iqAwr krn Aqy kriq`qv inrDwrx ivc aulJI rhI[ iesy kwl ivc bwvw bu`D isMG dw nwm AwauNdw hY, ijhnw dw mMqv pMjwbI bolI dI nIvI dSw nMU au`cw cu`kx leI pwTkW nMU pMjwbI swihq dy AmIr ivrsy qoN jwxU krwauxw sI[ iesy leI auhnw ny hMs cog Aqy koiel kU pusqkW ivc bwkI SwierW dy nwl kuJ ku sU&IAW dy klwm dy nmUny Aqy auhnw dIAW sMKyp jIvnIAW nMU hI Swiml kIqw hY[ auhnw sU&I kwiv dy iksy Kws mOzU au`qy koeI gu&qgU nhI kIqI[ &rId bwxI nMU auhnw SyK &rId Aqy &rId swnI dI rlI imlI bwxI ikhw hY Aqy lok mnw ivc v`sIAW pIrW &kIrW dIAW krwmwqW nMU ijauN dw iqauN pRsquq kIqw hY[ bwbw bulyH Swh Aqy AlI hYdr dIAW rcnwvW ivcoN auhnw dy jIvn hwl qy ieiqhwsk q`Q l`Bdy Aqy klwm pRqI pRSMswmeI aukqIAW pyS krdy hn[ bwvw bu`D isMG dw swrw zor pMjwbI swihq dI vifAweI pyS krn ivc Aqy pMjwbI nUM ihMdU, is`KW Aqy muslmwnW dI sWJI bolI is`D krn v`l hY[ klwm pRqI Bwvuk it`pxIAW ,SwierW dIAW pRcilq rvwieqW krwmwqW nUM drj krnw, klwm iv`coN ieiqhwisk q`Q l`Bxw bwvw jI dI Awlocnw dy ^ws l`Cx hn[ mOlw b^S kuSqw dw mu`K tIcw pMjwbI bolI dy gorv nMU is`D krnw sI[ brqwnvI swmrwj v`loN pYdw kIqI sMprdwiekqw dI A`g ny BwSwvW iv`c vI vKryvW pYdw kr id`qw sI[ aurdU muslmwnW, iMMhMdI iMhMdUAW Aqy pMjwbI is`KW drimAwn vMfI geI[ kuSqw swihb pMjwbI nUM sB pMjwbIAW dI sWJI bolI dy rUp iv`c pyS krn leI, aurdU qzkirAW dy AwDwr qy pMjwb dy hIry pusqk dI rcnw krdy hn[ ies dw mUl pYtrn jIvn qy rcnw vwlw hI rihMdw hY[ ies iv`c sU&IAW, gurUAW, ik`swkwrW Aqy hor kvIAW smyq ku`l 50 kvIAW dIAW sMKyp jIvnIAW Aqy klwm dy nmUny Swiml kIqy gey[ sU&Ivwd jW sU&I kvIAW dy iksy dwrSink rh`svwdI pihlU nUM nhI CoihAw igAw[ bs pwTkW nwl pMjwbI SwierW dI jwx pCwx krw ky pMjwbI swihq dI AmIrI nUM pyS krn mMqv swhmxy AwauNdw hY[ fw. lwjvMqI rwmw ikRSnw sU&Ivwd dw jnm Arb iv`c dUjI sdI ihjrI (800eI.) iv`c ieslwmI AsUlW ADIn hoieAw qW mMndI hY, pr nwl hI ies nMU nv APlwqUnI XuUunwnI drSn, iesweIAq Aqy XhUdIAq dy pRBwv ADIn pYdw hoieAw ieslwm qoN v`Krw m`q jo ihMdUmq, bu`Dm~q Aqy ierwnI Drm qoN pRBwivq hoieAw, kihMdI hY[ pMjwb dy sU&IAW nMU auh iqMn sMprdwvW (1) rUVIvwdI (2) dwrSink jW ivcwrvwdI (3) lokvwdI iv`c vMfdI hY[ &rId bwxI nUM auh Sy^ iebrwihm &rId swnI (1450-1575 eI.) dI bwxI kihMdI hY[ Sy^ iebrwihm nwl hoeI gurU nwnk dyv jI dI mulwkwq dw hvwlw dy ky ausnUM gurU swihb zrIey ihMdU Drm dy &lsPy qoN byh`d pRBwivq drSwauNdI hY[ ies ip`Cy ausdw ivrsy pRqI moh swP idKweI idMdw hY[ ieMJ dI ivcwr crcw auh dUjy sU&IAW sMbMDI vI krdI hY[ ausdy mu`K nu`kqy Swier dw hsb-nsb pyS krnw, ausdy jIvn sMbMDI pRcilq rvwieqW iek`Tw krnw, SwierI dI klwqmkqw bwry inMdxI/pRSMswmeI it`pxIAW krnw, Swier dy Dwrimk AkIdy dI pCwx krnI Aqy aus au`pr pey pRBwvW nMU auGwVxw hY[ ies kwrj leI auh h`Q il`KqW,purwxIAW ikqwbW, g`dI nSInW qoN pRwpq jwxkwrI, k`vwlW dI mOiKk prMprw Aqy sU&IAW dy Awpxy klwm dw shwrw lYNdI hY[ fw. lwjvMqI pMjwbI sU&I kwiv sMbMDI pRcilq svwlW nMU pu^qw krdI keI nvy svwlW nUM jnm idMdI hY[ ijhnw nwl Agly Awaux vwly Awlock sMvwd rcwauNdy hn[ mohn isMG dIvwnw sU&Ivwd Aqy sU&I kwiv nUM smripq pihlw pMjwbI swihq Awlock hY[ jo sU&Ivwd dy v`K-v`K pihlUAW nMU pMjwbI pwTkW dy swhmxy ilAwauNdw hY[ hkIkq, mwr&q, qOhId, qv`kul, Sukr, sbr, irzw, &kr, qObw, izkr, i&kr, smwA, hbsdm, qs`vur, ivrd, iesm, hmwEsq Awid qs`v& dy isDwqW nwl sMbMiDq l&j pihlI vwr ausy dIAW ilKqW ivc imldy hn[ iesdy nwl hI jiqMdr swihq srovr ivc auh iehnW l&jW dw qrjumw gurmiq dy pRBwv hyT gurmiq dy sMklpW Anuswr krn dw Xqn krdw hY[ v`K-v`K sU&I sMprdwvW nwl jwxU krwauNdw auh sU&Ivwd nMU ieslwm dI hI rh`svwdI SwK kihMdw hY[ pMjwbI sU&I kvIAW sMbMDI Awlocnw krdw auh pihlW Swier dI sMKyp jIvnI, iPr ausdI ivcwrDwrw, BwKw, CMdw bMdI, SYlI, AlMkwr pyS krdw hY[ Swier dIAW shI jnm iq`QW bwry pRmwixk rwie bxwaNudw, klwm dy pRmwixk mqn iqAwr krdw Awpxy smkwlI AwlockW dy pYdw kIqy svwlW dw jvwb idMdw auh fw. lwjvMqI rwm ikRSnw, bwvw bu`D isMG, mOlw b^S kuSqw, bnwrsI dws jYn v`l iq`Ky ktwKSI jumly k`s dw hY[ mohn isMG dIvwnw qoN bwAd fw. dIvwn isMG pMjwbI sU&I kwiv dy Awlocnw Kyqr nMU smripq dUjw Awlock hY[ fw. swihb dI icMqn idStIR pihly dOr dy icMqkW qoN sp`St iv`Q sQwipq krdI hY[ auhnw ny sU&Imq Aqy bwbw SyK &rId dy ^ws dwrSink Aqy rh`svwdI pihlUAW nMU vDyry auGwV ky pyS kIqw[ Awp sU&Ivwd nMU do pVwvW ivc vMfdy hn, pihly pVwA dy sU&I jo SrIAq dy pwbMd Aqy dUjy auh jo SrIAq qoN bwZI sn[ qs`vu& dIAW cwr mMizlW- SrIAq, qrIkq, mwr&q Aqy hkIkq, ieSk dw sMklp, murSd dI zrUrq Awid dy sMdrB ivc kwPI jwxkwrI Awpny AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc Swiml kIqI[ fw. dIvwn isMG dI Dwrnw hY ik sU&Ivwd eIsweI, XunwnI, vydWq Aqy boDI &ls&y dy pRBwv ivc qbdIl ho ky ieslwm qoN bwgI ho jWdw hY[ &rId bwxI dy kRiq`qv sMbMDI kIqI mYkwl& dI it`pxI qoN pYdw hoeI BRWqI AgWh XwqRw krdI fw. dIvwn isMG q`k A`pVdI hY[ fw. Swihb iesdy sMbMD ivc v`K-v`K it`pxIAW qy dlIlW dy ky ieh swibq krdy hn ik gurU gRMQ swihb ivc drj bwxI Sy^ PrId dI hI hY, Sy^ bRhm dI nhI [ sMq isMG syKoN dy Awgmn nwl pMjwbI swihq Awlocnw AMdr mwrksvwdI swihq icMqn is`DWqW ADIn AiDAn SurU huMdw hY[ syKoN pMjwbI sU&I kwiv nMU prKx leI do ksotIAW BwrqI kwiv Swsqr Aqy mwrksvwd nMU vrqoN ivc ilAwauNdw hY[ sMpUrx pMjwbI sU&I kwiv ausdI icMqn idRStI ivc pRqIgwmI swihq hY[ bwbw &rId dI kwiv pRiqBw qW ausnMU psMd hY pr aus ivc smyN dI rwjnIiqk ieiqjwsk sUJ nhI[ sgoN bwbw &rId ausdI ingwh ivc ieslwmI SrIAq dw pRcwrk hY jo lok ihq ivroDI hwkm SRyxI dw ihmwieqI hY[ gurimq pRiq ausdw moh ausnUM dohrI mwniskqw dw iSkwr bxw idMdw hY ausdw &rId bwxI bwry iesqoN ault kQn hY, gurU gRMQ swihb ivc pY ky ieh bwxI TIk AgrgwmI Bwv vwlI bx jWdI hY ikauNik ie`Qy Aw ky ausdw pRsMg bdl jWdw hY[ isr& gurU swihb ivc Swiml hox nwl iksy rcnw dw pRsMg ikvyN bdl skdw hY[ ipClyry mugl kwl dy sU&I kvIAW nMU auh musilm jnqw dw nIvy boiDk qy Awqmk Xug dI pYdwvwr mMndw hY[ AlI hYdr qy bu`lHy Swh ies ADogqI dy sMswrk qy Awqmk dohW p`KW qoN roxy roNdy hn[ iehnw dohnw dIAW rcnwvw ivc ausnMU ik`Dry-ik`Dry nwkw&I ieiqhwsk hvwly qW imldy hn pr kivqw kwiv Swsqr dy pYmwny qy pUrI nhI auq`rdI[ bwbw bu`lyH Swh dy ieSk nMU auh iek bRhmcwrI dI ipAwr Bu`K kihMdw hY jo iksy Aorq qoN pUrI nw huMdI, Kud AOrq bxky dUjy pwisaN pUrI huMdI hY[ sU&I swihq dI nwmsJI Aqy mwrkvwd pRqI AQwh moh hI ausqoN AijhIAW hwso hIxIAW it`pxIAW krvw jWdw hY[ poR. ikSn isMG vI mwrksvwd dy nukqw ingwh qoN swihq Awlocnw krdw hY[ pr m`DkwlI swihq nMU r`d nhI krdw[ sU&I swihq ^wskr bwbw &rId dIAW rcnwvW ivcoN ieMklwbI pYtrn pCwxdw auh syKoN nwl sMvwd rcwaNdw hY[ ausdw mMnxw hY ik ieslwm Awpxy mOjUdw smyN dy smwj siBAwcwr ivc iek ieMklwb dI qrHW pYdw hoieAw, ijsdw Aglw pswr sU&Ivwd sI[ sU&Ivwd ieslwm qoN bwhrlIAW ivcwrDwrwvW qoN pRBwivq ho auhnw dI nkl krn dI bjwie auhnw dw hwxI ho moFy nwl moFw joV AgWh qurdw hY[ SrIAq dw ivroD vI au~Qy hY ij`Qy ieh lok ih`q ivroDI bxdI nzr AwauNdI hY[ Bwrq ivc bwbw &rId dy smy musilm rwj sQwipq hI hoieAw sI, SrIAq ilhwjw lok ihqkwrI rol Adw kr rhI sI[ iesy leI bwbw &rId SrIAq dy hwmI sn[ bu`lyH Swh dy smyN srkwrI SrIAq dw rol iblkul FwhU sI, so Awp SrIAq dy iKlw& ho gey[ Aqr isMG dw sp`St AkIdw hY ik pMjwbI sU&I kwiv inrol pMjwb dI DrqI dI pYdwvwr hY[ pr ieh Awpxy mu`Fly smyN ivc ieslwm dIAW jVHW pMjwb ivc p`kIAW krn leI SrIAq dy pRcwr ih`q ricAw igAw[ smW bIqx nwl jdoN mugl swmrwj ihMdusqwn dI kyNdrI s`qW bx igAw qW ivkoil`qry sU&I sMqW zrIey pRcwr dI zrUrq nw rhI[ iesy leI ipClyry sU&IAW dy klwm ivc ieslwmI rMg bhuq G`t hY[ Swh husYn nMU auh sU&I kihxw vwizb nhI smJdw[ ikauNik ausdy klwm iv`coN iek sU&I nwlo iek Awm pMjwbI dI boiDkqw dw Aihsws vDyry hMudw hY[ jo Awpxy vyly dI smwijk siQqI qoN auprwm Aqy smwj nMU koeI syD dyx qoN AsmrQ hY[ Aqr isMG muqwibk bwbw &rId iek Drm pRcwrk sn, ijhnw dw klwm SrIAq dy AnukUl kyvl sdwcwrk kdrW kImqW dw pRcwr krdw hY[ ijs ivc inrwSw Aqy hwr dw pRBwv hY jo SkqI, hOsly qoN KwlI, SrIAq dI ivAwiKAw krdw hoieAw vI hwkm DVy nwl ieksur nhI[ QW-QW qy AYS pRsq lokwN dI inKyDI kIqI geI hY[ bwbw bu`lyH Swh dy kwiv ivcoN isDWqk idRStI pCwxdw Aqr isMG ausnMU v`Ko-v`K siBAwcwrW, ivcwrDwrwvW Aqy isDwqW dw vic`qr imlgoBw kihMdw hY[ aus dy ivcwrW ivc koeI ^ws qrqIb nzr nhI AwauNdI jdo auh SrIAq dI inMidAw vI krdw hY Aqy ausnUM mweI vI kih jWdw hY[ Aqr isMG dI pMjwbI sU&I kwiv sMbMDI jo Dwrnw hY auh mwrksvwd pRgqIvwd dy AMqrgq pYdw hoeI hY[ smwijk pRisQIAW dy Gol ivc ieh kwiv prMprw ikMnI ku pUrI au~qrdI hY, smyN smwj dy sMdrB ivc iesdw mu`l pwauxw Aqr isMG dI Awlocnw dw ^wsw hY[ nzm husYn s`Xd p`CmI pMjwb dw iek nwmvr swihq Alock hY jo ibnw mwrksvwdI pirBwSk SbdwvlI vrqn dy pMjwbI sU&I kwiv nMU jmwqI Gol dy pRsMg ivc prKdw hY[ bwbw &rId Aqy bwbw bu`lHy Swh nMU lqwVI jw rhI jnqw dI bulMd ivroDI Awvwz vjoN ibAwn krdw hY[ auh sU&I kwiv dIAW rmzw, sYnqW qy buJwrqW nMU KolHdw purwxy smyN qoN c`lI Aw rhI ivAwiKAw nMU r`d krdw, nvy mwieny pRdwn krdw hY[ s`Xd pMjwbI sU&I kwiv nMU v`Kry kOx qoN pyS krdw hY pr mwrksvwdI ivcwrDwrw pRqI ausdw aulwr ies ivcly qs`vu& dy mOzU nMU lgwqwr r`d krdw jWdw hY[ rh`svwdI sU&I cwhy Awm jnqw dy Kws ihmwieqI sn pr auhnw nUM bMdy dI inzwq dunIAW dI rZbq G`t kr A`lwh dI muh`bq ivc &nw hox c hI l`BdI sI[ iehI ^wmI bwkI mwrksvwdI AwlockW dI rhI hY[ iesdw kwrn iek pwsy mwrksvwdI ivcwrDwrw dw gUVw Asr Aqy dUjy pwsy Awpxy ivrsy dw moh hY[ iesy moh dy AMqrgq sU&I sMqW dy klwm nMU vI Awpxy vyly dy pRgqIvwdI swihq vjoN is`D krn dy auprly kIqy gey[ pMjwb ivc qs`vu& dy ijs rUp dw ivkws hoieAw aus dw AwDwr zrUr kurwn, hdIs Aqy ArbI, AzmI sU&IAW dIAW mhwn is`iKAwvW Aqy prMprwvW sn, lyikn ie`Qy sU&Imq dy jo nkS au~Brky swhmxy AwauNdy hn auh bwkI dunIAW nwloN ku`J Al`g iksm dy hn[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv dw AiDAYn krn leI ij`Qy ieslwimk sroqW nwl sWJ pwauxI cwhIdI hY, au~Qy nwl hI BwrqI AiDAwqimk prMprwvW bu`D m`q, vydWq, nwQ m`q, sMqmq, gurimq Awid dw igAwn hoxw vI zrUrI hY[ bySk is`Dy rUp ivc hwlW kihxw kiTn hY ik pMjwbI sU&I sMq iehnw m`qW qoN pRBwivq huMdy hn jW nhI[ pr gUV is`DwqW dI spStqw leI dUjy m`qW ivc peI sm`grI qoN lwB auTwieAw jw skdw hY[ dyKx Xog nukqw ieh vI hY ik pMjwbI sU&I kvI ieslwm dy buinAwdI is`DWq qOhId dy AnuswrI BwrqI is`DWqW nUM hI svIkwrdy hn[ qOhId A`goN Awpxy Alihdw-Alihdw ieslwimk i&rky dy AkIdy kwrx zrw Byd r`KdI hY[ ies iv`c buinAwdI sUqr A`lhw dw ie`k hoxw hY[ pMjwbI sU&IAW dy klwm iv`c qOhId dw vjUdI Aqy ShUdI srUp idRStIgocr huMdw hY[ qOhId dy ieh donoN srUp ieslwm dy SIAw i&rky qoN vDyry pRBwivq hn[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv AiDAYn vyly ivdvwnW nUM Awaux vwlI ie`k sm`isAw SIAw ieslwm qoN nw-vwik& hoxw vI mMinAW jw skdw hY[ izAwdwqr AiDAYn kwrj iv`c ieslwm dy ijs p`K qoN jwxU krvwieAw jWdw hY auh ies dw suMnI p`K hY[ pMjwb dw sU&Imq iemwm AlI nwl vDyry juiVAw hoieAw hY, ies leI SIAw ieslwm dI BrpUr jwxkwrI qoN ibnw A`gy nhI viDAw jw skdw[ iehnw dohnw iv`c ^ws Byd ieh hY ik suMnI mq vDyry krky ieslwm dy zwihrI AsUlW dI ivAwiKAw Aqy prp`kqw aupr zor idMdw hY Aqy SIAw mq ieslwm dy bwiqn p`K nMU izAwdw mwnqw idMdw hY[ ijs nwl ieh ieslwm iv`c pYdw hoeI inrol AiDAwqmk Dwrw dw rUp Dwr lYdIN hY[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv AMdr SIAw &ls&y dI pRq`K Jlk dyKx leI iesdy ie`k Aihm isDWq, Al-nUr Al-muhMmdI dw AiDAYn kIqw jw skdw hY[ SIAw smudwie iv`c ivSvws sI ik sMswr dI isrjxw qoN pihlW ie`k AlOikk nUr mOjUd sI, ijsnUM ^udw ny Awpxy nUr qoN pYdw kIqw sI, iehI Al-nUr Al-muhMmdI sI[ ieh nUr dUjy pYgMbrW qoN cldw hoieAw hzrq muhMmd qoN bwAd SIAw iemwmW iv`c pirivSt hoieAw[ ieh nUr pYgMbrW Aqy iemwmW nUM pwpW qoN bcwauNdw, mwsUm bxwauNdw Aqy AlOikk rh`sW dw igAwn pRdwn krdw hY[ jo ienswn r`bI igAwn hwisl krnw cwhuMdw hY, auh pYgMbr dI pYrokwrI A^iqAwr kry Aqy iemwmW dy zrIey ielwhI nUr nwl juVy[1 sU&IAW iv`c ieh is`DWq husYn ibn mnsUr Al h`lwj nwl joiVAw jWdw hY[ h`lwj ny nUr-ey-muhMmdI dw ibAwn rh`swqmk kwivmeI AMdwz iv`c AwpxI ikqwb Al-qvwsIn iv`c kIqw hY[ ies ikqwb dw pihlw AiDAwie qwsIn Al-isrwj iesy is`DWq nwl sMbMiDq hY[ hzrq muhMmd swihb nUM kurwn iv`c isrwj munIrw2 kihky A`lwh v`loN sMboiDq kIqw igAw hY, ijsdw ArQ hY roSn icrwg[ auhnw nUM AYsw icrwg ikhw igAw hY jo A`lwh dy hukm nwl dunIAW nUM A`lwh dI qr& bulwaux vwlw hY[ h`lwj ny hzrq muhMmd swihb dI S^sIAq dy do p`K aujwgr kIqy hn[ iek sMswr dI pYdwieS qoN pihlW dw pwrlOikk srUp hY, jo A`lwh dw nUr hY Aqy Ajr Amr hY[ dUjw ieslwm dy bwnI rsUl A`lwh hzrq muhMmd dw hY[ pr rsUl dy ienswnI jwmy AMdr vI nUr-ey-muhMmdI nUM drSwieAw igAw hY[ h`lwj ny hzrq muhMmd nUM AlOikk pRkwS qoN pRkwiSq dIpk ikhw hY, jo bwr bwr pRkt hoieAw[ auh AYsw dIpk bixAw jo s`B dIpkW qoN bulMd ho igAw[3 Bwv s`B pYgMbrW qoN sRySt bx igAw[ h`lwj kihMdw hY ik duinAw iv`c ijMny vI pYgMbrI nUr Awey swry muhMmd dy nUr qoN pYdw hoey Aqy muhMmd dw nUr A`lwh dy nUr qoN pYdw hoieAw[ ieMJ h`lwj muhMmd nUM A`lwh duAwrw pYdw kIqI pRQm isrjxw sQwipq krdw hY Aqy A`lwh qoN bwAd dUsrI mwxXog hsqI[ kurwn iv`c vI iek jgHw AwieAw hY: ijsny rsUl dI ieqwXq kIqI ausny A`lwh dI ieqwXq kIqI[4 h`lwj hzrq muhMmd dy igAwn A`gy sMswr dy sm`sq igAwn nMU ie`k bUMd smwn kihMdw hY Aqy iesdw mUl somw vI pYgMbr dy igAwn nUM kihMdw hY[ koeI ivdvwn auhnw dy igAwn q`k nhI phuMc sikAw[ sMswr dy zMjwl iv`coN inklx leI kyvl muhMmd dI XukqI hI mdd kr skdI hY, ausqoN ibnW koeI h`l nhI[ h`lwj muhMmd swihb dI ienswnI hsqI dI mhwnqw drSwauNdw kihMdw hY ik Awpdy ihrdy nUM KolH id`qw igAw[ auhnw dy swhmxy ijhVI vsqU pRkt hoeI ausnUM auhnw dUijAW swhmxy pRkt kr id`qw[5 ie`Qy ieSwrw myrwj Aqy r`bI vhI v`l hY[ h`lwj kihMdw hY ik ausdI ihMmq s`B ihMmqW qoN A`gy hY[ ausqoN v`Dky koeI ijAwdw SrI&, mShUr, inAweI, ikrpwlU Aqy ^udw qoN frn vwlw nhI hY[ auh sMswr iv`c srvsRyST hY, ijsdw nwm Ahmd Aqy muhMmd hY[ ausdI AwigAw SkqISwlI hY, dwn dyx iv`c ausdw h`Q Ku`lHw hY[ mhwnqw ausdw gux hY Aqy auh AQwh swhsI hY[6 h`lwj duAwrw kIqI ieh ivAwiKAw muhMmd swihb dI ieqwXq nUM prwsrIrk bxw idMdI hY[ ijs nwl Al-nUr Al-muhMmdI vI ^udw vWg bMdZI Xog Aqy srbSkqImwn ho jWdw hY, ijs zrIey A`lwh ny bwkI kwienwq dI rcnw kIqI[ sU&IAW dw ivSvws hY ik A`lwh ny kwienwq nUM hzrq muhMmd dI muh`bq iv`c isrijAw, jykr muhMmd nw huMdy qW sMswr dI rcnw nw huMdI Aqy auhI jwnW dI jwn hn ijhnw zrIey ^udw bMidAW nwl hmklwm huMdw hY[ iehI nUr sdW qoN r`b vloN pYgMbrW iv`c DrqI qy auqwirAw igAw Aqy Aw^rI rsUl hzrq muhMmd qoN bwAd iemwmW Aqy vlIAW iv`c prvyS kIqw[ ienswn dy r`b nwl imlwp iv`c ieh nUr ivcoly dw kMm krdw hY[ ies leI ies nwl qwAluk sQwipq krnw sU&I swDnw dw ie`k ih`sw mMinAw jWdw hY[ iehnw mwnqwvW kwrn prMprwvwdI musilm aulymw mnsUr ijhy sU&IAW qoN nwrwj sn[ Al-nUr Al-muhMmdI dw ieh isDWq qs`vu& dw iek ^ws isDWq bx igAw, ijsnUM dunIAW dy mhwn sU&I swihqkwrW Aqy &ls&IAW ny Awpxy swihq Aqy &ls&y iv`c sQwn id`qw[ Sy^ Al-ieSrwk ShwbudIn XwhIAw Al-suhrwvrdI ny nUrI &ls&y au`pr AwDwirq ieSrwkI &ls&y dI sQwpnw kIqI[ Sy^ Al-Akbr iebnul ArbI ny vI nUr Al-muhMmdI nUM mwnqw id`qI[ pMjwbI sU&I kvI ikauN jo ieslwm Aqy sU&Imq dI mu`K Dwrw nwl juVy hoey sn, ies leI auhnW vI ies isDWq nUM gRihx kIqw Awpxy klwm iv`c ibAwn kIqw[ pMjwbI sU&I kwiv dw AiDAn kridAW ^vwzw Zulwm &rId dy klwm iv`c SIAw sU&I is`DWqW nUM sp`St dyiKAw jw skdw hY[ ^vwzw swihb ie`k kw&I7 iv`c hzrq muhMmd nUM AzlI husn dw iezhwr kihMdy hn[ nbI krIm ijs AlOikk dyS qoN DrqI qy A`lwh dI hkIkq dy rwz Kohlx Awey, auh s`q dw dyS hY, auh ieMnw au~cw-su`cw hY ijsnUM mn`uK dI b`uDI smJ nhI skdI[ au~Qy qwlb mqlUb Swhd ShUd dI koeI QW nhI rihMdI[ au~Qy AhdIXq hI AhdIXq hY[ iesy kw&I iv`c ^vwzw swihb ny nUrI islisly dw izkr kIqw hY ik auh AzlI luq& zhUr krdw pYgMbrW, iemwmW Aqy hor Sy^W qoN huMdw hoieAw, auhnw dy murSd hzrq &^r jhW q`k phMuicAw[ ijhnW nUM auh gur pUrw kihMdy hn[ ijsdy imilAW idl nUM krwr AwigAw hY Aqy s`B S`k SuBy im`t gey hn[ mYN vihsW jogI dy nwl8 kw&I iv`c bwbw bu`lHy Swh ies nUr nUM Awpxy murSd iv`c pirivSt mMnky aus leI jogI Aqy mwhI l&z vrqy hn[ Awp nUr Al-muhMmdI dI lgwqwrqw v`l ieSwrw krdy hoey kdy iesnUM mUsw kdy muhMmd Aqy kdy murSd dy rUp iv`c Awaux vwlw kihMdy hn[ iek Awm S^s dw ies nUr nwl sMbMD sQwipq krnw nw-mumikn qW nhI pr muSikl bhuq hY[ bwbw bu`lHy Swh Anuswr jo bMdw rwqW nUM jwg ky iebwdq kry, rwih-slUk qy c`ly qW aus au~pr nbI dw nUr brsx lgdw hY[9 ies nUr dw sU&I dy ihrdy iv`c zwhr hox qoN bwAd iesdw CuipAw rihxw vI Awswn nhI[ pr iesnUM dunIAW qoN Cupw ky r`Kxw bhuq zrUrI hY, nhI qW dunIAW mnsUr vWg sUlI cVHw idMdI hY[10 pMjwbI sU&I klwm Awpxy klwvy iv`c ieMJ dy keI rh`swqmk is`DWqW nUM smoeI bYTw hY[ iehnw rh`sW q`k rsweI leI iek`lw klwm shweI nhI ho skdw Aqy nw hI iehnw nUM is`Dw kurwn jW hdIs iv`coN gRihx nhI kIqw jw skdw hY[ iehnw dI pkV leI ArbI &wrsI iv`c rcIAW sU&IAW dIAW AiDAwqimk ikqwbW dw AiDAn krnw zruuUrI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw pMjwbI sU&I Awpxy sWJy ipCokV dy bwvzUd Awpxy AnuBv dy Byd kwrx klwm iv`c mOilk muhWdrw drSwauNdy hn[ hor brIkI iv`c jwx qy pRqyk sU&I dy klwm AMdr AnuBv dy Al`g-Al`g pVwvW qy phuMcx auprMq rcy klwm iv`c vI v`Krqw nzr AwauNdI hY[ sU&I ^wnkwhW iv`c jdoN koeI jigAwsU rwh-ie-slUk dw swilk bnx leI murId huMdw sI qW murSd ausnMU ihrdy dI s&weI Aqy iebwdq dy nwl purwxy bzurgW dy ikqwb ruuUp iv`c pey ielm dI is`iKAw vI idAw krdy sn[ ielm-ie-bwiqn dy pkV iv`c Awaux qoN pihlW swilk AwpxI zwhrI ielm dI pVweI pUrI kr cu`ky huMdy sn[ zruUrI nhI ik iksy murSd dy swry murId Awilm ho jWdy hox, lyikn auh bzurgW dy ielm dw shwrw lY ky klwm rcnw dw kMm SurU krn Xog ho jWdy sn[ swilk dy pihly drjy dw klwm jdoN ik aus nUM ^ud hkIkq dw AnuBv nhI hoieAw, hkIkq dy jwxU kwiml ienswn dy klwm qoN AnuBv iv`c nIvyN drjy dw ho skdw hY[ iehI kwrx hY ik swilk dy pihly drjy qoN v`Ddy ienswn-Al-kwiml dy Aw^rI mukwm q`k phuMcdy hoieAW, ku`J sU&IAW dy klwm iv`c EprI nzry ivroDwBwsI ivcwr nzr Aw AwauNdy hn[ ijs qrHW ie`k sU&I au~pr v`K-v`K rh`s au~DGwitq huMdy jWdy hn, ausdy klwm iv`c pRoVqw Aqy gMBIrqw v`DdI jWdI hY[ ijhnW is`DWqW nUM ausny pihly dOr iv`c isr& bwhrI ielm dy AwDwr au~pr klwm iv`c ilAWdw huMdw hY, hux auh ausdy Awpxy jIvn dw ih`sw bx gey huMdy hn[ ies iksm dy AiDAn leI isr& klwm mdd nhI kr skdw, ies dy ip`Cy kMm krdw AnuBv jWcx leI purwqn sU&IAW dy ml&uzwq, m^qUbwq Aqy AiDAwqmk sroqW dw AiDAYn krnw lwzmI hY[ ijhnw iv`c auhnw Awpxy AnuBv dw ^ws pRgtwvw kIqw hY[ ivSyS iksm dy AiDAn leI ieslwimk &ls&y qoN jwxU hoxw lwhyvMdW swibq ho skdw hY[ sU&IAW dy ieSk Aqy msqI nUM pRmu`Kqw iv`c r`Kky vDyry krky kIqw igAw pMjwbI sU&I klwm dw AiDAn ies dy ielm vwly p`K nUM nzr AMdwz krdw irhw hY[ bwbw bu`lHy Swh, sulqwn bwhU Aqy ^vwzw gulwm &rId dy klwm AMdr ieslwm dy ielmI siBAwcwr dy sw& drSn huMdy hn[ iehnw dy klwm au~pr ShwbudIn Al-sohrwvrdI, iebn Al-ArbI, mu`lw sdrw Aqy nwisr Al-dIn qUsI dy &ls&y dw Asr dyiKAw jw skdw hY[ vhdq Al-vjUd dw is`DWq jo pMjwbI sU&I klwm dw AwDwr hY, A`gy c`l ky sU&IAW dy AiDAwqmk vrqwry nwl qwAluk r`Kdw hoieAw Dwrimk Aqy smwijk sWJ qy sihnSIlqw dw somw vI bxdw hY[ ieslwmI AsUlW dI punr ivAwiKAw leI XUnwnI &los&I dy pRBwv ADIn pYdy hoey ieslwimk &ls&y dy v`K-v`K skUl, qs`vu& nUM iek mzbUq &ls&IAwnw ip`T-BUmI pRdwn krdy hn[ Sy^ ShwbudIn XwhIAw Al-suhrwvrdI isAwxy ivAwkqIAW dI vMf krdw hoieAw cwr vrg sQwipq krdw hY: pihly auh igAwnI jo &ls&y Aqy Awqm igAwn dohW dy igAwqw huMdy hn, ijvyN pwieQwgors Aqy plYto[ dUjy auh igAwnI jo ^ud nMU &ls&y iv`c nhI aulJwauNdy pr Awqm igAwn nwl BrpUr huMdy hn, ijvyN bwXdId ibsqwmI Aqy husYn ibn mnsUr Al-h`lwj[qIjy auh igAwnI jo &ls&y qoN jwxU huMdy hn pr Awqm igAwn qoN Axjwx huMdy hn, ijvyN iebn sInw Aqy Al &rwbI[cOQy auh qwilb jo igAwn dI qlb r`Kdy hn pr Ajy iksy mukwm qy phuMcy hoey nhI huMdy[ iehnw s`B qoN au~pr ie`k kuqb jW iemwm huMdw hY jo AiDAwqimk drjybMdI dw is^r huMdw hY Aqy iehnw s`B dw ^lI&w11[ Al-suhrwvrdI ie`k AYsy &ls&y dw FWcw iqAwr krdw hY jo zwihrI qy bwiqnI ielmw drimAwn sMvwd sQwipq krdw hY[ auh &ls&y Aqy mwr&q iv`c pUrn ienswn nUM hkIm muqwA`ilh qy hkIm ielwhI dw nwm idMdw hY[ n&s dI Su`Dqw au~pr pMjwbI sU&IAW ny byh`d zor id`qw hY[ A`lwh q`k rsweI leI n&s dw Awpxy kwiml srUp n&s Al-nqIkw iv`c Awauxw sU&IAW dy AkIdy AMdr pihlI Srq mMinAw igAw hY[ ies q`k dw s&r ie`k lMmW pVwA dwr s&r hY, Al-suhrwvrdI iesdw ibAwn AwpxIAW il`KqW iv`c krdw hY[ auh ^lkq dy inzwm nUM iqMn ih`isAW iv`c vMfdw hY[ pihlw ih`sw Al-Akl Al-kul dy dwiery dw hY, auh kihMdw ik iesy nUM XUnwnI &ls&IAW ny logos ikhw Aqy iehI Al-nUr Al-muhMmdI hY[ ieh AsIm Akl hY, swrI m^lUk dI sMBwvnw iesy au~pr AwDwirq hY[ Al-Akl dI hoNd dy do p`K hn, iesdw inclw sqr Akl Al-mwXS dw hY[ ieh iesdw swDwrx p`Dr hY jo BOiqk jgq dy igAwn nwl qwAluk r`Kdw hY[ iesdw au~cqm sqr Akl Al-mwXd hY, iesdw sMbMD AiDAwqimk jgq nwl hY[ iesdw pRmu`K kwrj bMdy nMU A`lwh dw igAwn pRdwn krnw hY12[ dUsrw dwierw n&s (the soul of created beings) dw hY, ieh kul jIAW dI rUh hY[ iesdy A`gy ih`sy hn : Al-n&s Al-qbeXI (the soul of nature) - ieh AwpxI qwkq nwl isrjq jIAW nUM ie`kjut r`Kdw Aqy auhnw dw ivnwS hox qoN bcwauNdw hY[ Al-n&s Al-nbqI (the soul of vegetation) iesdI qwkq isrjq jIAW nUM ivkisq hox, vDx-Pu`lx Aqy AOlwd vDwaux iv`c mdd krdI hY[ Al-n&s Al-hYvwnI (the animal soul) ieh isrjq jIAW nUM ieMdrAwvI ie`CwvW v`l DkyldI rihMdI hY[ ieh n&swnI qwkqW sB jIvW AMdr Awpxw inSicq kwrj krdIAW rihMdIAW hn, iehnw dy jIv qoN Al`g hox qy mOq G`tdI hY13[ suhrwvrdI qIjw dwierw Al-n&s Al-nqIkw dw d`sdw hY, ieh dwierw n&s dy AMdr hI Swiml hY[ pr nwl hI auh iesdIAW Alihdw ^UbIAW vI ibAwn krdw hY[ iesnUM auh S`uD mnu`KI Awqmw kihMdw hY, ijsdw mUl ielwhI nUr hY[ suhrwvrdI ie`k hdIs ibAwn krdw hY ik A`lwh ny Awpxw svws Awdm dy AMdr pwieAw jdoN ausnMU im`tI, pwxI, A`g Aqy AkwS qoN isrijAw igAw[ suhrwvrdI kihMdw hY ik Al-n&s Al-nqIkw kwrx hI mnu`K soc-smJ Aqy inrxw lYx dI qwkq r`Kdw hY14[ ih`s muSq`irk, ^Xwl, vhm, muqw^XIlw Aqy hwi&zw iesdIAW hor qwkqW hn[ Al-n&s Al-nqIkwh ienswnI rUh dI au~cqm AvsQw hY, ie`QoN q`k phMucx vwly ienswn nUM ienswn Al-kwiml ikhw jwNdw hY[ Al-n&s Al-nqIkwh nUM Al-n&s Al-zkIXwh Aqy Al-kwmIlwh vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ies q`k phuMcx dy rwh iv`c s`q pVwA hn : Al-n&s Al-A`mwrw ieh n&s dI s`B qoN inclI AvsQw hY, ijs iv`c mnu`K AwpxIAW dunIAwvI ^vwhSIAwq dI pUrqI leI l`gw rihMdw hY, ZlqIAW krdw hY pr auhnw au~pr pCqwvw nhI krdw[ Al-n&s Al-lvwmwh ies AvsQw iv`c mnu`K ZlqI qW zrUr krdw hY pr aus qy SrimMdw huMdw Aqy pCqwvw krdw hY[ Al-n&s Al-mulImwh ies AvsQw iv`c n&s nUM ielhwm huMdw hY Aqy iesdw pwlx krdw auh cMigAweI Aqy burweI iv`c qmIz krn lgdw hY Aqy burweIAW qoN bcx dI koiSS krdw hY[Al-n&s Al-muqmXInw ies AvsQw iv`c n&s nUM A`lwh dI rzw iv`c ie`qimnwn Aw jWdw hY Aqy auh muqmXIn ho jWdw hY[ Al-n&s Al-rzIXwh ies AvsQwc n&s ^udw dI rzw A`gy pUrx smrpx kr idMdw hY[ ie`Qy phuMcx vwly nUM suhrwvrdI Asl musilm kihMdw hY[Al-n&s Al-mrdIXw suhrwvrdI ies nUM &nw-&Il`wh dI AvsQw kihMdw hY, ie`Qy bMdw A`lwh dy ieMnw krIb ho jWdw hY ik AwpxI ie`Cw nUM ausdI rzw iv`c guMm kr idMdw hY[Al-n&s Al-nqIkwh ieh n&s dI Aw^rI AvsQw hY, ies nUM Al-n&s Al-kwimlw vI ikhw jWdw hY[ suhrwvrdI ie`Qy phuMcx vwly mn`uK nUM ienswn Al-kwiml kihMdw hY15[

hvwly 1. Sayyed Hossein Nasr, Shiism : Doctrine, Thought and Spirituality, State University of New York Press, 1998,Page 106.2. Awswn qrzumw kurwn mjId, hwi&z nzr Aihmd, AMfrstYNf kurwn AkYfmI, hYdrwbwd ieMfIAw, 1987, pMnw 425. (Al-kurwn, sUrq 33 AwXq 46)3. qvwsIn : Asl ArbI mqn v ruzbIhwn bklI kI &wrsI Srhw v aurdU qrzmw v qSrIhwq, qhkIk v qrzumw- AqIk Alrihmwn AshwnI, qus`vu& &waunfySn, lwhor, 2008, pMnw 93.4. Awswn qrzumw kurwin mjId, hwi&z nzr Aihmd, AMfrstYNf kurwn AkYfmI, hYdrwbwd ieMfIAw, 1987, pMnw 79. (sUrq 4 Awieq 8)5. qvwsIn : Asl ArbI mqn v ruzbIhwn bklI kI &wrsI Srhw v aurdU qrzmw v qSrIhwq, qhkIk v qrzumw- AqIk Alrihmwn AshwnI, qus`vu& &waunfySn, lwhor, 2008, pMnw 94. 6. auhI, pMnw 95-96. 7. fw. kwlw isMG bydI (sMpw.), kw&IAW ^vwzw Zulwm &rId, pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw, 1997, pMnw 31-32.8. fw. jgqwr, bu`lHy Swh jIvn qy rcnw, lokgIq pRkwSn, cMfIgVH, 2008, pMnw 162.9. fw. &kIr muhMmd &kIr, kuilAwq bu`lHy Swh, Awzwd bu`k fIpU, AMimRqsr, 2013, pMnw 48.10. auhI, pMnw 112.11. Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. The Islamic Intellectual Tradition In Persia. Edited by Mehdi AminRazavi. Routledge New York. 2006. Page 131.12. al-Suhrawardi, Hazrat Shihabuddin Yahya. Haykal al-Noor. interpreted by Shaykh Tosun Bayrak al-Halveti. Fons Vitae, USA. 1998. Page 70.13. ibid page 71.14. ibid 71.15. ibid 71-74.