pur pjena u spreaju

7/30/2019 PUR Pjena u Spreaju

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Poliuretanska pena u spreju SPF (spray polyurethane foam) je plastina pena u tenom stanju zatermoizolaciju koja prilikom nanoenja ekspandira (iri se) nekoliko puta u odnosu na svojupoetnu zapreminu. Osobine PU-pene mogu se prilagoditi tako da zadovoljavaju razliite potrebekod razliitih aplikacija.

Na primer, isti osnovni sirovi materijal moe postati krajnji proizvod koji je mekan ili polutvrd, ali odnjega se moe napraviti i pena velike gustine pogodna za termoizolaciju krovnih sistema otpornih nasaobraaj (kod ravnog krova) ili vodu. Vie o hemijskom sastavu poliuretana pogledajte na sajtuWikipedia (link na kraju teksta).

Za instalaciju PU-pene koristi se posebna oprema (foto 1, gore), a neophodna je obuka radnika koji eovu vrstu termoizolacije postavljati na licu mesta. Ovo je naroito vano zato to se ne kupuje gotov

proizvod kao to su ploe od mineralne vune ili EPS-a (EPS - ekspandirani polistiren poznat kaostiropor, tj. Styroporpo imenu brenda kompanije BASF) ve termoizolacija nastaje na licu mesta.

Alijansa za PU-penu (Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance link na kraju teksta) je organizacija

posveena promociji ovog proizvoda za koji na svom sajtu kae da je PU-pena kraljicagraevinskih materijala po raznovrsnosti primene.

ta vam treba da zaponete posao?

Kompresor, distributer PU-pene u spreju, zatitno odelo, i naravno, osnovna obuka. PU-pena je veomaest tip termoizolacije objekata u SAD, ali se primenjuje i u drugim dravama i kontinentima. Alijansaza PU-penu (SPFA) okuplja proizvoae, distributere i izvoae ove izolacije i na njihovom sajtumoete saznati sve dodatne informacije (vidi link na kraju teksta).

Brojne prednosti lako je predstaviti tritu, a mogunosti aplikacija uinie da proizvodom

jednog tipa ispunite razliite zahteve klijenata:

termoizolacija zidova, temelja i krova

postavljanje prohodnog krova

ureenje potkrovnog prostora

ukruenje konstrukcije

regulacija vode i vlage

energetska optimizacija omotaa objekta

primena na javnim, stambenim i poslovnim zgradama...

Istie se naroito uloga termoizolacije od PU-pene za regulaciju vlage u objektu, zaptivanje prostora(curenje vazduha vidi tag na kraju teksta), i naravno, predstavlja izuzetnu termoizolaciju sa visokim R-faktorom (R- jednica za termiku otpornost koja se koristi u SAD umesto evropske k vrednosti za


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termiku konduktivnost).

Kada se primeni u sistemu krova PU-pena eliminie termike mostove (nekada poznati i kao hladnimostovi), popunjava rupe u krovnoj konstrukciji, ali i oko otvora za dimnjak, ventilaciju ili oko krovnih

prozora, i time produava ivotni vek krova. PU-pena e, uz zatitu dodatnim premazima i redovnepopravke oteenih mesta initi krov trajnosti 10-15 godina (vidi fotografiju ispod).

Zbog navedenih osobina PU-pena koristi se za razliite namene. Navodimo neke od njih ali se ovdespisak ne zavrava:

krovni sistemi

vazdune barijere

termoizolacija zidova, tavanica, potkrovlja i podruma u zgradama svih tipova

industrijska izolacija za cevi, rezervoare, hladnjae, zamrzivae, hale za rashlaivanje i sve

klimatizovane objekte

druge aplikacije kao to je termoizolacija brodova i amaca, ili uvrivanje krila nekih tipova

aviona.

unutranja termoizolacija (foto 2) - PU-pena lako se

prilagoava svim nepravilnostima u konstrukciji

zida ili krova

krovni sistem (foto 3) - nanoenje zatitnog sloja

krova (u spreju) preko osnove od PU-pene

(naneene u spreju)

Osobine i prednosti PU-pene u spreju

SPFA istie da je PU-pena u spreju ekoloki materijal koji ne sadri formaldehid (vidi vie na tagu VOCna kraju teksta) ili hemikalije koje negativno utiu na ozonski omota. Pri tom tedi energiju i smanjujekorienje fosilnih goriva ime utie na smanjenje emisije gasova sa efektom staklene bate.

Takoe, utie na visok kvalitet unutranjeg vazduha (IAQ), zahteva manje energije za proizvodnju od svih

drugih rasprostranjenih tipova izolacije, tedi energiju i prilikom transporta i instalacije.

PU-pena u spreju naroitu prednost u utedi energije ima u delu vezanom za transport. Mnogidrugi tipovi termoizolacije transportuju se kamionima u gotovom obliku, pri emu, zbog njihovemale specifine teine, nije u potpunosti optimizovan prevoz jer kamioni popunjene zapreminevoze znatno manju masu od mogue.

Sa druge strane, PU-pena potrebna za termoizolaciju jedne kue moe se prevesti u pikapu, ili kombiju,s obzirom da sadraj jedne boce ekspandira nekoliko puta prilikom instalacije. Dakle, kada setransportuje PU plaa se samo transport PU a vazduh postaje deo termoizolacije tek prilikom ugradnje.Kod drugih tipova izolacije investitor plaa i transport vazduha kog verovatno ima u dovoljnoj meri i na

svojoj lokaciji.

Ona tokom vremena zadrava svoje karakteristike, ostavlja manje otpada i u jednom proizvodu (zavisnood formule i zahteva projekta) moe preuzeti ulogu 3-4 razliita proizvoda: izolacije, vazdune barijere,zaptivaa, suzbija vlagu i slui kao barijera za vodu.

PU-pena na nekoliko naina utie na smanjenje potronje energije:

visoka R vrednost po inu (sa otvorenim elijama (open-cell) R-3,5/in, sa zatvorenim elijama

(closed-cell), R-6/in)

eliminie prodore vazduha

pomae kontrolu vlage i kondenzacije smanjuje prenos temperature konvekcijom u zidovima i na tavanu

eliminie negativne uticaje vetra koji odnosi temperaturu (wind washing)


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efikasna je na niskim i visokim temperaturama

obezbeuje optimalnu sredinu u kojoj sistem ventilacije moe da radi efikasnije.

Tu su i druge prednosti koje istie SPFA:

PU-pena sa zatvorenim elijama doprinosi ukruenju konstrukcije cele zgrade i ini je otpornijom

na pomeranja tla, vetrove i sl.

smanjuje spoljanju buku koja prodire kroz brojne pukotine u zgradu

pena sa zatvorenim elijama moe da slui i kao hidroizolacioni sloj.

Foto 4: Posebna prednost PU-pene u spreju u odnosu na druge sisteme termoizolacije jeste u tome to

nije potreban nikakav dodatni sistem kaenja ploa, ukrajanje, zaptivanje spojnica, itd. Dodatno, svivikovi lako se mogu skinuti skalpelom i mirglom. Ovo naroitu prednost ima onda kada elimo da

sauvamo i neki deo konstrukcije u enterijeru zbog estetskog utiska.

Poliuretanska pena u spreju moe se prefarbati, obloiti panelima ili gips-kartonskim ploama, prelepititapetama, itd. Svaka eventualna oteenja lako se ispravljaju jednostavnim dopunjavanjem PU-pene naoteeno mesto. Prilikom bilo kakvih intervencija PU-penu jednostavno moete isei skalpelom, ona sene truni i ne skuplja prainu u svojoj unutranjosti, te se nee napraviti mnogo nereda ni ako jeintervencija 20 godina posle postavljanja.

Uticaj na zdravlje i zatita na radu sa PU-penom u sprejuPU-pena u spreju je relativno inertna i studije pokazuju da ne emituje tetna isparenja i hemikalije u tlo.Radnici i druge osobe koje su u blizini mesta na kom je ugraena PU-pena mogu biti izloeni isparenjimai prskanju u okviru regulative koju u SAD propisuju OSHA i NIOSH.

Izvesne mere zatite vae za radnike koji postavljaju PU-penu i njihove pomagae kako bi bili zatieniod isparenja i esticama. To uglavnom znai da moraju nositi maske, rukavice i zatitnu odeu.

Zona u kojoj vae ova pravila zatite zavisi od ventilacije prostora: na primer razliito je za rad na krovugde isparenja odmah nestaju ili u podrumskim prostorijama gde se zadravaju izvesno vreme. Za svako

posebno mesto primene treba odrediti stepen zatite.


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PUR-tem - poliuretanska izolacijaU mogunosti smo da vam ponudimo uslugu izrade svih vrsta beavnih izolacija upotrebom posebne poliuretanske tehnologijekoja se nanosi tehnikom spreja a u posebnim sluajevima i livenja Termo, a ujedno i hidroizolacija poljoprivrednih objekata,industrijskih hala, silosa, rezervoara, hladnjaa, skladita za voe i povre, digestora biogasa, toplovoda i cevovoda, klasinih iravnih krovova, tavanica, potkrovlja, zidova ...

Poliuretanska izolaciona pena u spreju raspolae sa izuzetnim osobinama termo, a ujedno i hidroizolacije. Najvea prednost PUpene je u tome to se nanosi u debljini koja je potrebna za odreenu konstrukciju ili objekat u neprekidnom sloju, na licumesta. Tokom ekspandiranja i vezivanja naneti sloj preuzima oblik povrine na koju se nanosi i, nasuprot klasinimizolacijama, celom povrinom prijanja na povrinu koja se izoluje.

Za isti termoizolacioni efekat od poliuretanske pene treba otprilike 40% manja koliina nego od klasinih izolacionihmaterijala sa slinim koeficijentom toplotne provodljivosti, naroito zbog eliminisanja prodora vazduha ( 90 mm mineralnavuna = 50 mm poliuretan pena u spreju ).

Poliuretanska pena utie na smanjenje potronje energije na nekoliko naina:

visoka toplotna otpornost

eliminie negativne uticaje vetra

pomae kontrolu vlage i kondenzacije

eliminie prodore vazduha i termike mostove

Poliuretanska pena je otporna na veinu kiselina, benzin i ulja. PU pena raspolae sa dobrim vatrootpornim osobinama, a vri izatitu povrina od korozije, kao i agresivnih isparivanja.

Ukoliko se koristi sa posebnom zatitom koja daje otpornost na UV zraenje, mogua je upotreba PU pene kao spoljne termo- ihidroizolacije.

Poliuretanska pena nastaje hemijskom reakcijom dve zasebne tene komponente, koje se, po unapred pripremljenoj recepturi,meaju i nanose mobilnim aparatom izuzetno visokog pritiska na licu mesta.

Pre nanoenja PU pene, neophodna je priprema povrine koja se izoluje. Povrina mora da bude ista, suva, odmaena ioiena od praine.

Poliuretanska pena sa otvorenim elijamazvuna i termoizolacija

osnovni tehniki podaci:

gustina = 10 kg/m3

koeficijent toplotne provodljivosti = 0.038 W/mK odlian zvuni izolator

neprekidan termoizolacioni sloj

eliminie prodore vazduha

polja primene:

termoizolacija potkrovlja

zvuna i termoizolacija suvomontanih zidova


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Unutranja ugradnja

Povrine, uslovi ugradnje:Zbog izvanredne adhezije dvokomponentna pur pena moe se upotrebiti na raznimpovrinama, kao to su: beton, zidovi, plafon, drvo, iverica, limovi (ukljuujui i obloene). Pre primene na PVC i ostale vrsteplastike, potrebno je izvrti test probu adhezije. Prilikom nanoenja pene za izolaciju, temperatura u prostoriji ne sme da budeniska, kao ni temperatura povrine na koju se primenjuje. Idealni uslovi za upotrebu su na +20 C, odnosno preko toga.

Najkritinije je ispod +15 C, poto to negativno utie na sam kvalitet prskanja.

Priprema povrine:

Osnovni preduslov je, da povrina za nanos bude ista, suva, bez praine i masti. Suva povrina je itekako vana, potoIsocyanat u dodiru sa vlanom povrinom stvara ugljen dioksid i moe doi do hemijske reakcije, koja smanjuje adheziju,elije se otvaraju i na taj nain se naruava fina mreasta konstrukcija materijala.

Poliuretanska pena sa zatvorenim elijamatermo, a ujedno i hidroizolacija

osnovni tehniki podaci:

gustina = 30 100 kg/m3

koeficijent toplotne provodljivosti = 0.020 0.025 W/mK

vodonepropustljivost, prohodnost

neprekidan termo i hidroizolacioni sloj

brza izvedba

polja primene: izolacija rezervoara, cisterni za transport, silosa, hladnjaa

izolacija toplovoda i cevovoda


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termo i hidroizolacija ravnih i krovova sa veoma niskim nagibom

termo, a ujedno i hidroizolacija krovova koja su pokrivena trapeznim limom, salonitom

unutranja i spoljna izolacija poljoprivrednih i industrijskih objekata, farmi

Spoljna upotrebaUkoliko se koristi sa posebnom zatitom koja daje otpornost na UV zraenje, mogua je upotreba poliuretanske penekao spoljne termo- i hidroizolacije.

Najee se koristi za:

Izolaciju krovova

Izolaciju rezervoara

Termo- i hidroizolaciju ravnih krovova

Sanaciju termo- i hidroizolacije dotrajalih i oteenih krovova

Uslovi ugradnje izolacije sa spoljne strane:

povrina za nanos treba da bude ista, suva, bez praine i masti

minimalna temperatura povrine i vazduha 12C

relativna vlanost vazduha mora biti ispod 70%

vremenski uslovi - bez vetra i kie

Izolaciju ravnih krovova upotrebom tvrde pur pene poeli su primenjivati u SAD 70-ih godina. Danas, zbog visokih cenaenergije, pored hidroizolacije i toplotna izolacija je dobila na znaaju, kako zimi, u periodu grejanja, tako i leti zbog nesnosnihvruina.

Pridravajui se pravila prilikom primene izolacije sa tvrdom pur penom, dobijamo izolaciju, koja je jedinstvena iz prostograzloga to je bez spojeva, ne postoji razmak izmeu izolacionih elemenata, i upravo zbog tih osobina osigurava potpunuhidro- i termoizolaciju. Naneeni sloj se lepi kako na vodoravne, tako i na uspravne povrine zahvaljujui brzoj reakcijimaterijala, i na taj nain ne dolazi do prekida kod povrinskih ravni.

Tako, uz pomo poliuretana dobijamo savrenu izolaciju krova, bilo da je re o renoviranju, novom krovu ili o nekomkomplikovanom krovu sa kritinim preprekama, kao to su odvodne cevi, razni dimnjaci itd.

Izolacija ima izuzetno velik znaaj, jer doprinosi malom kolebanju temperature. Dobra izolacija omoguava da unutranjatemperatura bude mnogo manje zavisna od varijacija spoljanjih temperatura.

U stoarstvu doprinosi veem prirastu, smanjenju uginua, boljoj konverziji hrane, a naroito dobre efekte daje u ivinarstvu isvinjogojstvu.

Upotrebom tvrde PUR pene koja se nanosi sprej postupkom obezbeuje se racionalno reenje za izolaciju krovova, zidova, a unekim sluajevima i podova. Jednim nanoenjem dobija se pena u neprekidnom sloju bez prekida i toplotnih mostova debljine8 do 12mm. Vieslojnim nanoenjem se obezbeuje potrebna debljina izolacije. Dobro izolovana hala ili tala bitno smanjujetrokove grejanja ime se postiu mnogo bolji rezultati i lake obezbeuje eljena temperatura. Poliuretan sprej tehnika pruaekonomino reenje izolacije postojeih objekata.

Posebno je isplativa sanacija starih i/ili oteenih krovova jer se ovim postupkom pri niskim trokovima ulaganja i kratkomvremenu postie trajna uteda u trokovima grejanja ili hlaenja (i do 50%) i eliminie kondenzacija i kapanje vode. Poliuretansprej se moe naneti na skoro sve vrste podloga (na bazi: cementa i bitumena, razliitih vrsta limova, ploa od drveta, stakla, salonit ploa, itd.) koji u potpunosti prati konfiguraciju povrine.


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Spray foam insulation is an alternative to traditional building insulation such as fiberglass. A two-component mixturecomposed of Isocyanate and resin comes together at the tip of a gun, and forms an expanding foam that is sprayed onto rooftiles, concrete slabs, into wall cavities, or through holes drilled in into a cavityof a finished wall.

What is Spray Foam?

So what is spray foam insulating? It is considered by many to be one of the best options for a home orcommercial building.

Spray foam insulation can be categorized into two different types: open cell and closed cell.

Trained spray foam applicator applying open cell spray polyurethane foam insulation in wall cavities.

Open Cell Foam Insulation

Open cell is a type of foam where the tiny cells are not completely closed. open cell is less expensivebecause it uses less chemicals. It is a very good air barrier but does not provide any type of water vaporbarrier. It is much more sponge like in appearance. It is often used for interior walls because it providessound reduction by damping the movement of rockwall. It is not recommended for outdoor applications.

[1]

Closed Cell Foam Insulation

Closed cell foam insulation is a much more dense type of foam than open cell. It has a smaller, morecompact cell structure. It is a very good air barrier as well as a water vapor barrier. It is often used inroofing projects or other outdoor applications, but can be used anywhere in the home.[1]

In a nutshell, foam is a substance that is created by trapping many gas bubbles in a liquid or solid. One ofthe most popular spray foam insulations is polyurethane. Originally developed in the 1940s, polyurethanewas used by the military and by the aviation industry, and began to be used for insulation in the 1950s. Itwasnt until the 1970s that it started to be used as foam insulation.

Polyurethane is made with several key ingredients.

Polyol Sugar and petroleum products base

Surfactant Controls the size and shape of the bubbles

Catalyst Controls the reaction rate quicker the reactionsmaller the bubbles.

Size of bubbles is important because it dictates the density of the spray foam insulation.Foam roofingspray insulation, which chances are will be walked on, needs to be stronger and denser than wall oratticspray foam insulation, which after being applied is probably not going to be touched again. So you cansee that making foam insulation in the lab is pretty high tech stuff. There are various formulas, alldependent on the type of insulating it will be used for.

Now, you might be wondering, where do the bubbles come from? The bubbles for foam insulation comefrom what is called the blowing agent. It is a liquid that has a very low boiling point. When it is applied asa spray, it converts from a liquid to a gas, forming the bubbles.

These four liquids are combined together, but it is only one half of the recipe for spray foam insulation.The other part needed is an ingredient called isocyanate, which is a highly reactive molecule. It isseparated from the other ingredients until the spraying begins. They are dispensed separately all the waythrough the hoses to the gun. When the applicator pulls the gun, the materials are mixed together, thereaction occurs, it dispenses in a liquid form, but the reaction drives the expansion very quickly, creatingspray foam insulation.

Types of Spray Foam Insulation

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As you can see, this process is very high tech. In this section, I will further expand by classifying the mostcommon types of spray foam insulation because it can get a little confusing with the different sub-categories. It is important to read this section because the different types ofspray on insulation havedifferent traits and uses in home construction or building construction.

A lot of descriptions found on the internet get very technical when describing spray foam insulation, but Iwant to keep it very simple. First off, and to keep it as simple as possible, spray foam insulation can be

broken down into two distinct groups. The first type is called open-cell foam and the second type is calledclosed-cell foam. I will further describe them in the following paragraphs.

Open Cell Versus Closed Cell Spray Foam InsulationOpen-Cell Foam Insulation

The easiest way to describe open-cell spray foam insulation is that it is spray foam with tiny cells that arenot completely closed. It is very spongy looking and is also much softer to the touch than closed-cell. So,in other words, it is much less dense. It has a lower R-value, which is the standard measure of insulation,than the other foam.

The reasons to use open cell foam insulation? It is a more inexpensive option for a homeowner.Additionally, the reasons to use it boil down to the type of application it is being used for. If you arelooking to insulate vaulted ceilings, interior walls, or floors other than a floor that is on the bottom levelthat has contact with the outside, than using the open-cell spray foam insulation is a good option. Thereason is that there is much less concern about water vapor, which open-cell has no barrier for. Anotherreason to use it on the inner walls of a home or building is that is offers much better sound absorption.Since it is spongy and soft, it absorbs a lot more sound.

Closed-Cell Foam Insulation

As you can probably guess from the title, closed cell foam insulation is packed tight, without many air

cells left open. It makes it very thick and dense. It has a much higher R-value than any other types ofinsulation and not only provides a great air barrier, but also an excellent vapor barrier.

One can probably surmise by reading the above description that closed-cell is a great insulating choice foranywhere in the house, including outside. You would be correct. Since it is harder, thicker, and providesvapor protection, this insulator works great for roofs, crawl spaces, basement walls, attics, anywhereactually. Plus, it has double the insulation value versus open-cell.

The key takeaway from this is that if you are having trouble deciding between the two types of sprayfoam insulation, than you need to review your requirements. If you are looking to insulate inner walls, orareas that do not have much concern for water vapor intrusion, than go with the lesser expensive option ofopen-cell. If you are in need of a spray foam insulation option to do any type of exterior work, than

choose closed-cell.Above we addressed the main categories of spray foam insulation. But to further confuse the matter, Ineed to mention a few sub-categories. It is important, and Ill try to best summarize without making it tootechnical and confusing.

Closed-cell foam differs in that all of its tiny foam cells are closed and packed together. They are filled with a gasthat helps the foam rise and expand and become a greater insulator. These cells can be formulated to obtain many

characteristics, the most common being size and density.

Density is measured by weighing one solid cubic foot of foam material. Open cell foamstypically weigh in at 0.4 to0.5 lb./cu. ft. Closed cell foam for insulation applications range in density from 1.7 lb./cu. ft. to 2.0 lb./cu. ft. Roofingapplications typically use a 2.8 to 3.0+ lb./cu. ft. to support traffic and loads better. The higher the density the foam,the heavier, or stronger it becomes. Some polyurethane foams are molded into decorative interior molding and

painted or stained for a simulated wood effect. These higher density foams are typically in the 30 lb./cu. ft. to 40lb./cu. ft. density range.

The advantages of closed-cell foam compared to open-cell foam include its strength, higher R-value, and its
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greater resistance to the leakage of air or water vapor. The disadvantage of the closed-cell foam is that it is denser,requires more material, and therefore, is more expensive. Even though it has a better R-value, typically the cost perR is still higher than open-cell foam. The choice of foam can also be based on the requirements for the otherperformance or application specific characteristics such as strength, vapor control, available space, etc. Open-cellSPF has an R-value around 3.5 per inch and typically uses water as the blowing agent. Closed-cell SPF has an R-value of around 6.0 per inch (aged R-value) and uses high R-value blowing agents.

What is the Difference Between Open-cell and Closed-cellPolyurethane Foams?

Open-cell foam is soft - like a cushion or the packaging material molded inside a plastic bag to fit a fragile objectbeing shipped. The cell walls, or surfaces of the bubbles, are broken and air fills all of the spaces in the material.This makes the foam soft or weak, as if it were made of broken balloons or soft toy rubber balls. The insulationvalue of this foam is related to the insulation value of the calm air inside the matrix of broken cells. The densities ofopen-cell foams are around 1/2 to 3/4 of a pound per cubic foot.

Closed-cell foam has varying degrees of hardness, depending its density. A normal, closed-cell insulation orflotation polyurethane is between 2 and 3 pounds per cubic foot. It is strong enough to walk on without major

distortion. Most of the cells or bubbles in the foam are not broken; they resemble inflated balloons or soccer balls,piled together in a compact configuration. This makes it strong or rigid because the bubbles are strong enough totake a lot of pressure, like the inflated tires that hold up an automobile. The cells are full of a special gas, selectedto make the insulation value of the foam as high as possible.

The advantages of the closed-cell foam compared to open-cell foam include its strength, higher R-value, andgreater resistance to the leakage of air or water vapor. The disadvantage of the closed-cell foam is that it is moredense, requiring more material, and therefore, more expense. Even though it has a better R-value, the cost per R isstill higher than open-cell foam. The choice of foam should be based on the requirements for the othercharacteristics - strength, vapor control, available space, etc.

Both types of foam are commonly used in most building applications. Some are inappropriate in specificapplications. For example, you typically would not use open-cell foam below grade where it could absorb water;this would negate its thermal performance because water is a poor insulator compared to air. Closed-cell foamwould be a good choice where small framing sizes need the greatest R-value per inch possible.

A side-by-side comparison of closed-cell to open-cell polyurethane foams is as follows:

Closed-Cell Open-Cell

Highest insulating "R-Value" per inch (> 6.0) Good insulation value (R = 3.5)

Low vapor permeability (low perm) Higher vapor permeability, but controlled

Air barrier Air barrier at full wall thickness

Increases wall strength Resists water (is a WRB "Water Resistive Barrier")

Medium density (1.75 2.25 lbs./ft3) Low density (0.4 1.2 lbs./ft3)

Absorbs sound, especially bass tones Best sound absorption in normal noise frequency ran


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Open-Cell Foam

Open-cell foams are permeable to moistureand impermeable to air

R-value per inch: about 3.6Cost: about $0.44 to $0.65 per board foot

Although open-cell foam costs less than closed-cell foam, it has a lower R-value per inch, so athicker layer is required. If the framing membersare deep enough to accommodate your required

R-value, open-cell foam may end up costing less.

Closed-Cell Foam

Closed-cell foams stop air and moisture

R-value per inch: about 6.5Cost: about $0.70 to $1 per board foot

Closed-cell foam isn't cheap, but it provides amuch higher R-value per inch than open-cellfoam. Because of its density and glue-liketenacity, it also adds structural strength to a wall,ceiling, or roof assembly.

There are three sub-categories of spray foam insulation that I will quickly describe. The first is two-component high-pressure. The second is two-component low-pressure. The last is one component foam.

1)Two-component High-Pressure

This type of foam insulator system is most often used in new construction, or in situations where there is alarge area to insulate, including roofing insulation. The application uses large drums and very high

pressure to make the job go very quick. This is the option that must be done by a professional spray foaminsulation installer.

2)Two-component Low-Pressure

This is the best way to spray foam insulate a home that is being remodeled or for small areas. The reasonthis is the best solution for a home remodeling job is that this type of spray foam insulation fills the wallcavities much more slowly than the high pressure type. So if you have walls that already have sheet rockor drywall, than this is the best solution. The sprayfoam insulation will slowly fill the wall cavities andthere will be little chance of the foam bursting through the walls and ruining the drywall. This is asolution used by do-it-yourself remodeling people and often involves using spray foam insulation kits.

3)One Component Foam

The one component system is great for filling cracks, holes, gaps, and crevices. This spray foaminsulation type is the typical solution for use around doors and windows. This is the typical spray foaminsulation product that you will find at your local hardware store and is often used in DIY projects.

Advantages of Spray Foam Insulation

Back to Top

This site thus far has described the history of spray foam insulation and the various types. Now it is timeto address the advantages of spray foam insulation for a home or a building. Ill try to address all theseadvantages with a comprehensive approach that will address matters such as insulation value, sealant

power, durability, and cost savings. For an expansive look at the advantages of foam insulating, see mynewspray foam insulation advantages guide.

Insulation that is sprayed in buildings protects against moisture, which provides the benefit of reducingthe chance of harmful moldand mildew.[2][4] Eliminating mold growth reduces the likelihood of rottingwood in a home, and allergic reactions to mold spores.[4]
http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/spray-foam-insulation-kits-existing-walls/http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/#jumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-guide-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/spray-foam-insulation-kits-existing-walls/http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/#jumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-guide-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4


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In addition to building temperature and moisture control, spray foam insulation is often used to reducenoise.[2][4] Foam insulation serves as a Barrier[disambiguation needed] to airborne sounds, and reducesairborne sound transfer through a building's roof, floor and walls.[3]

Thermal ResistanceR-value is the term given to thermal resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value of an insulation

product, the more effective the insulation properties.[6] 1.8-2 poundpolyurethane foam has the highest R-value of readily available insulation used in homes and buildings.[6][7]

Polyurethane is a closed-cell foam insulation material that contains a low-conductivity gas in its cells. [8]As a result of the high thermal resistance of the gas, spray polyurethane insulation typically has an R-value around R-5 to R-6 per inch.[8] In comparison, blown fiberglass typically has an R-Value of only R-2 to R-4 per inch.[9]

It Seals Better

As was described above, fiberglass is stapled into place or is laid down in the case of an attic installation.

It doesnt create any type of seal. But spray foam insulation does. It expands to fill the entire area. Whensprayed on, foam insulation finds every hole, every crack, and plugs it up. By creating this seal, no air canleak into the home or building, which makes the temperature much more constant throughout thestructure.

Lower Lifetime Cost

The old saying holds true, you get what you pay for. Ill be honest, foam insulationis more expensive.But not much more as the average is 20-30% higher than that of fiberglass insulation. Plus, you have to

pay professional installers to come in and do it. The price can shock and maybe deter a lot of you fromconsidering it.

Yes, fiberglass is cheap, and easy to install. But thats the end of the list as far as benefits. Long term,

energy bills are going to be a lot higher because it is less efficient. Spray foam insulation, on the otherhand, is going to pay for itself in the long run. With the higher R-value and the better sealant capabilities,less air is going to escape. This means that your energy bills are going to be far less.

PODJELA SPF(pjena u spreju)

Two-component High-Pressure Two-componentLow-Pressure

One componenet(OCF)

Types Open-Cell (low density, half lb.)Closed-Cell (medium density, 2 lb.)Closed-Cell (high density, 3 lb.)

Uses

Larger insulationapplications;

Air sealant in hybrid

Air sealant;

Adhesive;

Smaller insulation

Sealant for filling cracks,holes, gaps, and crevices:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-guide-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrierhttp://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py?page=Spray_foams_(insulation)&editintro=Template:Disambiguation_needed/editintro&client=Template:Dnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-ecotec-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-ecotec-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(insulation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-dwyer-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-dwyer-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-toolbase-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-energysavers-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-energysavers-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-colorado-9http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/foam-insulation/http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/foam-insulation/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-guide-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-touchnfoam-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrierhttp://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py?page=Spray_foams_(insulation)&editintro=Template:Disambiguation_needed/editintro&client=Template:Dnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-ecotec-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_(insulation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-dwyer-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-dwyer-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-toolbase-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-energysavers-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-energysavers-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-colorado-9http://www.sprayfoaminsulations.net/foam-insulation/


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insulation installation withfiberglass or other insulationmaterial

Roofing applications

(Closed-Cell, high density,3 lb.)

applications;

Weatherization

activities

Around windows

and doors;

For sealing up

small gaps (0.5" -3") in a buildingto create an

energy efficientbuilding envelope

Aplicator Professional Installer Professional Installer;

Weatherization worker;

Available for do-it-

yourself applicators,but the sameprecautions should betaken as with

professional-use. DIYapplicators are oftenunaware of inhalationand dermal hazards andmay not have adequateknowledge, trainingand experience to wearadequate personal

protective equipment.

Professional

Installer;

Weatherization

worker;

Available for do-

it-yourselfapplicators butnote that the same

precautionsshould be taken aswith professional-use

Container 55 gallon drum containers Typically three to fivegallons per container from

the system house, but can bepurchased in largercontainers over the internetor in some retail markets

Available in retail andhardware stores

nationwide in a varietyof sizes ranging from 12oz. to 24 oz. cans

EngineeringControls

Variations inChemicalComposition

Ventilationand containment practices should be considered to control chemical exposures. Work in"permit-required" confined spacesas defined by OSHA, which may include work in attics and crawlspaces, requires entry procedures, including an entry permit, and training for the workers.

OSHA requires a hierarchy of controls, under which employers must first implement engineering controlswhere feasible. Consult the safety data sheet for additional guidance on the use ofPersonal Protective

Equipment (PPE) andRespiratory Protectionwhen the use of engineering controls are not feasible oradequate to control exposures. See below for personal protection recommendations for each type of SPF

Open-Cell Blowing Agents:Carbon Dioxide or Water

Closed-Cell Blowing Agents:HFC-245fa

ChemicalComposition

SPF products contain approximately 50 percent Side A and 50 percent Side B. This chemicalreaction generates heat. Side A contains very reactive chemicals known as isocyanates. Side Bcontains a polyol, which reacts with isocyanates to make polyurethane, and a mixture of otherchemicals, including catalysts (which help the reaction to occur), flame retardants, blowingagents and surfactants

Application Sides A and B are pumped through Sides A and B combined at OCF components are pre-
http://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ventilation.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ventilation.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_confined.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_confined.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ppe.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ppe.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_respiratory.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_respiratory.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_respiratory.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ventilation.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_confined.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ppe.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_ppe.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/dep/greenjobs/weather_respiratory.html


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Process heated hoses from supply tanks into anozzle where the two components reactand are spray applied at elevatedtemperatures (>150F) and pressure(1200 psi). Open cell foam expandsmore vigorously than closed cell

foam and should be applied in layers.See photographs below illustratingexpansion differences between open-cell and closed-cell SPF. Foam canexpand up to 120 times its originalvolume. After the foam is applied, hasexpanded, and has cured, it may betrimmed or cut, as needed; this mightespecially be true for the use of opencell foam that may expand beyond thewall.

application site andsprayed on as a stream or

bead. After the foam isapplied, has expanded, andhas cured, it may then betrimmed or cut, if needed.

reacted and undergofurther reaction withambient moisture at thetime of application(moisture cured). Appliedas stream or bead. May be

trimmed or sanded.

ChemicalExposurePotential

Hazards

May be exposed to chemicals:

During application

After application

During heat-generating

processes such as drilling,welding, or sanding

During fires

Through:

Aerosols

Vapors

Dust that may contain

unreacted chemicals

Asthma

Sensitization Lung damage

Other respiratory and breathing

problems

Skin and eye irritation

May be exposed tochemicals:

During application

After application

During heat-

generatingprocesses such asdrilling, welding,or sanding

During fires

Through: Aerosols

Vapors

Dust that may

contain unreactedchemicals

Asthma

Sensitization

Lung damage Other respiratory

and breathingproblems

Skin and eye

irritation

May be exposed tochemicals:

During application

After application

During heat-

generatingprocesses such asdrilling, welding,or sanding

During fires

Through: Aerosols

Vapors

Dust that may

contain unreactedchemicals

Asthma

Sensitization

Lung damage Other respiratory

and breathingproblems

Skin and eye

irritation

Re-Entry Some manufacturers estimate that itcan take 23 to 72 hours for the foamto fully cure after this type of

application, but curing rates canvary.

Some manufacturersestimate that it can take23 to 72 hours for the

foam to fully cure afterthis type of application,but curing rates can

Some manufacturersestimate that it can take8 to 24 hours for one

component foam to cure,but curing rates can vary.
http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrateshttp://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrateshttp://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrateshttp://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrateshttp://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrateshttp://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/projects/spf/exposure_potential.html#curingrates


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vary.


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UPOTREBA PUR PJENE

WALL INSULATION

Spray foam insulation could be the best insulation system yet invented.

Look at the following advantages:

On the inside of the wall panel of a building it has an extremely high R value, it has been shown to

dramatically increase the racking strength in steel and timber frame buildings, in some instanceshas been specified to prevent wind uplift in commercial roofing systems.

On the outside of the building it can be used as a combined vapor and air barrier system and is

recognized as such when applied to the American Air Barrier Association standards. It can also beused below grade for the insulation of basements and foundation.

It does not emit VOCs or hydrocarbons and has a proven track record over the last 20 years.

Commercial Roofing

Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) roofing consists of an application of specifically designed foam coveredwith an elastomeric coating (typically acrylic, silicone or polyurethane) or aggregate covering to protectthe foam from ultraviolet rays. Specialized equipment mixes two liquid components at the spray gun thatapplies the SPF to a prepared substrate. The mixed liquid expands many times its original volume in amatter of seconds, forming a rigid foam plastic that chemically bonds to the surface to which it is sprayed.Spraying the foam in to 1-1/2 lifts allows the applicator to reach the desired thickness to fill in lowareas, build up slope, and provide insulation.

SPF has a closed cell structure that makes it water resistant. It must, however, be protected by elastomericcoatings or other coverings (such as aggregate) to prevent ultra-violet-induced surface degradation. Suchcoverings can also be used for other purposes, including, inhibiting moisture vapor transmission,

enhancing the aesthetics of the system, increasing the impact and abrasion resistance of the system,achieving non-flammability and meeting code requirements.

SPF roofing systems have good adhesion to a variety of substrates including metal, wood, concrete andbuilt up roofing (BUR). Since SPF adds little weight to existing roof coverings and can build slope to fillin low areas, these systems are used frequently as a recover roofing system. Caution should be used whenspecifying any recover roofing system. The existing roof covering and roof deck assembly should bethoroughly evaluated by a structural engineer to verify that it can be a safe substrate for SPF roofingsystems.

Hail and wind driven missiles (such as tree limbs, broken roof tile, metal flashing, etc.) can damage theSPF roofing system. However, this type of damage typically does not cause leaks and can be repaired

later without compromising the long-term performance of the system.

SPF roofing systems also excel when the following conditions exist:

Additional insulation is required

There are severe temperatures

The roof substrate has numerous penetrations

The roof deck is an unusual configuration

The roof is in an area where high winds are likely to occur

Lightweight materials are required

Slope must be added to provide positive drainage

Because of the energy saving characteristics and low maintenance costs of SPF roof systems, these roofsare suited to companies or organizations that own their own buildings and must pay their own energy andmaintenance costs.


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Specialty Applications

Tanks and Vessels

Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) can be used in a variety of different applications, one of those is tanksand vessels. SPF can be a solution for cold vessel insulation for products such as wine, chemicals, and

soft drinks. It is excellent to store products that need controlled temperatures. SPF systems are perfect forthese type insulations because of the superior durability and ease of application.

Spray Polyurethane Foam can also be used for hot/warm vessel insulation. If there is a need to maintaintemperature control and/or viscosity levels of chemicals or other liquids, SPF fluid-applied systems and

protective coatings offer superior performance.

SealantsUse polyurethane foam sealant to improve your homes envelope in its outer walls, ceiling, windowsand floors. This is a cost effective way to improve your homes energy efficiency and comfort.

1. Thermal and sound insulation2. Seals windows and doors3. Blocks insects and rodents

One-Component

One component can foam is an economical and effective insulating and sealing expanding polyurethanefoam. Designed for sealing cracks, seams and smaller gaps, it will eliminate drafts, block insects, deadensound and repel moisture.

Can foam expands to 2-3 times the original size of the dispensed bead and cures by reacting with the

moisture (humidity) present in the air when it is dispensed. This polyurethane foam takes approximately45 minutes to an hour to cure in 50% relative humidity. While air sealing is the primary use for thesematerials, they also insulate with R-values (aged) in the 3.5 to 5 inch range.

Two-Component

Two-component polyurethane foams (or froth foam units) come in separate containers, one for eachcomponent, and tanks operate conveniently from an upright position. Two-Component Standard Foamsare ideal for Insulating and Sealing jobs that require a product designed for spray application over largesurface areas or for filling large voids and gaps. Two-Component Foam is a chemically cured foamsystem. Each Foam pack includes both an A & B component. Dispensed through the included

dispensing tool, the foam A and its curing agent B are mixed at the nozzle and cure much morequickly than One-Component Foams.

Fast chemical curing results in a higher expansion ratio for two-component polyurethane foams. Thismakes them suitable for spray-on applications and for filing holes and cavities. They have an R-value(aged) of approximately 6.0 per inch.

AdhesivesSpray polyurethane foam is used as an adhesive in the commercial roofing industry and the manufacturedhousing industries.

SPF is used to adhere EPDM membranes or boardstock insulation to various roofing substrates. The SPFis used to stick the boardstock to the roof deck and then again stick the membrane to the boardstock. TheSPF is spray-applied which reduces application time and labor. The foam provides an added degree of


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insulation and forms a strong bond, earning it excellent wind uplift ratings.

SPF is also used in manufactured housing. The foam adhesive is used to attach wall panels and ceilingpanels to structural stud framing. This has many advantages to the builder, speed of building, addedstrength, and lower costs.

Cold StorageThe performance of a spray applied polyurethane foam insulation (SPF) system for cold storage facilitiescan be affected by all the component parts of the building structure, as well as the atmospheric conditionsinside and outside the structure. Proper structural design, specifications review, contractor and materialselection, coupled with the compatibility and positioning of the various components of the building are anecessity to produce a successful cold storage facility.

Consult with the designer/specifier and the successful contractor to receive written confirmation of theiragreement/opinion to all facets of the cold storage project, including, but not be limited to, materialselection, moisture vapor transmission, load design, expansion joints, and refrigeration requirements,flashing details, and floor, wall, ceiling preparation, and pull down schedule.

Types of cold storage facilities

1. Refrigerated warehouses generally have a single function of storing previously processed or frozenfood at a constant temperature between -40oC (-40oF) and 10oC (50oF). They are often one room

buildings. Packaged goods are stored on pallets or food racks.2. Processing plants for meats, poultry, dairy or other food products are multi-functional type

structures which are quite complex. They typically consist of many rooms, each with a certainfunction, operating temperature and humidity condition.

3. Distribution centers are multi-room buildings for packaged dry goods, frozen foods, fresh produce,baked goods and dairy products. In addition to the above, these centers may contain specialtyrooms such as banana rooms or ice cream holding rooms.

4. Existing facilities may be converted to another use, i.e., a cooler may be converted to a freezer, ora new room may be added within an existing structure.


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Diadvantages

Health EffectsIsocyanates are powerful irritants to the eyes and gastrointestinal as well as the respiratory tracts. Direct

skin contact with Isocyanates can also cause marked inflammation. Some people say that their eyes feellike they have sand in them at the onset of problems. Some break out in a rash on their arms, chest, andneck.

Overexposure to isocyanates can sensitize workers, making them subject to asthma attacks if they areexposed again. Respiratory irritation may progress to a chemical bronchitis. Additional exposures canmake the onset easier with less isocyanate necessary to start the attack.

Sporadic cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have also been reported in workers exposed toIsocyanates. The symptoms may seem like the flu, with fever, muscle aches, and headaches. Othersymptoms may include a dry cough, chest tightness, and difficult breathing. Individuals with chronic HPoften experience progressively more difficult breathing, fatigue, and weight loss. Individuals with acute

HP typically develop symptoms 4-6 hours after exposure. [10][7]Spray foam insulation is typically non-toxic only after it has cured. While curing spray foam emits a gasthat causes blurred vision and trouble breathing. Using full face and respiratory protection while applyingthe product is recommended. If the material is not mixed in the right proportions it has been known toemit toxic gas perpetually. After being sprayed, it expands to roughly 100 times its original volume. As aresult, it is able to fill vacant air gaps, and will expand and contract in relation to the building.[11]

Personal protection is the first line of defense when insulating with spray foam. Protective equipmentsuch as an air respirator, eye protection, chemical resistant clothing, and chemical resistant gloves arerequired by law. I cant stress this enough, if you do not have this equipment, do not use spray foam.Additionally, all people that do not have this equipment must vacate the premises while the installation is

taking place. I am amazed when I see videos of installations taking place and the host of the show has noequipment on. That is a big no no.

I cant stress the safety element enough. Spray foam insulation deals with several chemicals. Theseinclude the reactive chemical known as isocyanates and polyol, plus additional chemicals includingcatalysts, flame retardants, blowing agents and surfactants. The hazards of being exposed to thesechemicals include asthma and other breathing problems, skin and eye problems, and lung damage.

Expansion damage

Expanding foams are in some cases able to exert considerable force on anything that tries to contain them.DIYers have brought down walls and ceilings by insufficiently skilled application.

Damage to roofs

Foam has often been applied to the underside of timber framed roofs, primarily as a cure forslate slippageon old roofs with decaying nails. But this can cause serious structural problems. Water reaching thetimber structure is no longer able to drain & evaporate away, and timber can saturate and rot. The foammakes inspection of the timber structure impractical.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-sprayfoam-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-toolbase-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-toxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-HGTV-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_(fastener)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-sprayfoam-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-toolbase-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-toxichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_foams_(insulation)#cite_note-HGTV-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_(fastener)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_rot


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SPF ChemicalsChemicals in SPF ProductsIn order to create the final SPF insulation or sealant product, a chemical reaction of the two component parts,commonly referred to as Side A and Side B, has to occur. SPF products contain approximately 50 percent Side Aand 50 percent Side B. This chemical reaction generates heat.

Side A contains very reactive chemicals known as isocyanates. Side B contains a polyol, which reacts withisocyanates to make polyurethane, and a mixture of other chemicals, including catalysts (which help the reaction tooccur), flame retardants, blowing agents and surfactants.

Side A contains isocyanates:

4,4' Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, CAS #101-68-8

Polymeric MDI, CAS # 9016-87-9

Generic MDI mixed isomers, CAS #26447-40-5

Other similar isocyanates

Side B contains a blend of proprietary chemicals that provide unique properties in the foam, including:

Polyols (derived from petroleum and agricultural sources)

Flame retardants

Blowing agents

Amine or metal catalysts

Surfactants

Industry is supporting development of a standard method for measuring off-gassingof volatile chemicals.

Isocyanate Compounds Commonly Used in SPF and related productsIsocyanates are chemical substances containing an isocyanate (-N=C=O) functional group. Diisocyanates have twoisocyanate functional groups. Other isocyanates contain several isocyanate groups.

There is concern for exposure to any isocyanate-containing material related to SPF use, including products thatcontain only a single isocyanate. It is important to understand the other products that contain isocyanates because ifsensitized to isocyanates, even low concentrations of isocyanates can trigger a severe asthma attack or other lungeffects, or a potentially fatal reaction.

The most common isocyanate compounds used in SPF are listed in the table below. SPF contains MDI and MDI-based polyisocyanates. There are numerous chemical names and synonyms for members of the class of isocyanatesand the list below is not all-inclusive.

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Chemical Name CAS Number

4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 101-68-8

Polymeric Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (pMDI) 9016-87-9

Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Mixed Isomers 26447-40-5

2,4'-MDI 5873-54-1

2,2'-MDI 2536-05-2

Generic MDI 26447-40-5

4,4'-MDI homopolymer 25686-28-6
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Generic MDI homopolymer 39310-05-9

4,4'-MDI dimer 17589-24-1

Uretonimine of 4,4'-MDI 31107-36-5

4,4'-MDI/ 2,4'-MDI copolymer 109331-54-6

The world production-volume of isocyanates is estimated to be in excess of six million tonsannually with growth of 10 to 15 percent annually. The most widely used isocyanates are:

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanates (MDI)

Toluene diisocyanates (TDI)

Hexamethylene diisocyanates (HDI) MDI-, TDI-, and HDI-based isocyanates

Isocyanates have a broad range of uses in the manufacture of consumer products, including:

Spray foam

Coatings, e.g., paints and varnishes

Caulks, glues, adhesives

Elastomers

Fibers

Flexible and rigid foams (used in mattresses, pillows, furniture, automotive seats, insulation, and

roofing)

Spray applications of isocyanates may generate aerosols, mist, and vapors that can be inhaled or come incontact with the eyes or skin. Potential exposures may occur through skin contact or inhalation of

particulates and dust particles containing isocyanates.
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