An Adaptive PVD based Secret Data Hiding

BY

ABHISHEK DHARA

Introduction

Ways of sending information

encryption steganograhy

Steganography !

encrypt msg cover file

watermarking

Advantages

secrecy

Imperceptibility

High capacity

Accurate extraction

files such as audio,video,image,etc..

Image Steganography process

Classical Methods

ZZTS Technique

PVD Technique

LSB substitution technique

OPAP technique

Objective of proposed method

Most of the data is embedded into the edged areas.

Pixels around an edge area will have larger differences where as pixels at a smooth area will have smaller differences; thus enhancing embedding capacity of image.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PVD

Embedding Algorithm : In this data to be hidden is embedded into a color image and thus resulting into a stego image.

Extraction Algorithm : In this hidden data and the color image is extracted from the stego image.

CONTROL AND DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

Advantages : High hiding capacity compared to LSB Substitution

technique. We get good quality of the stego image. Provides maximum possible payload. Embedded data is imperceptible to the observer.

Limitations :. Requires a lot of overhead to hide a relatively

bits of information.

This can be overcome by using HIGH SPEED COMPUTERS.

Applications

In secret communication system.

Military applications.

Hiding and protecting of secret data in industry.

Navy and Air force.

Business Deals

Results and Discussions

Lena and baboon 256 × 256 × 3 colour digital images

Range Cover image

Max bits that can be

embedded (payload)

No of bits embedded

Capacity(bits/pixel)

PSNR

Range1

Lena 653149

51360 3.8016 44.9412

4768 3.141 55.5705

115360 3.2268 40.8688

Baboon 609524

51360 3.2927 44.7668

4768 3.2 54.8287

115360 3.0352 41.7503

Range2

Lena 693700

51360 3.624 43.494

4768 3.7338 53.4812

115360 3.6078 40.3313

Baboon 700087

51360 3.6488 43.2479

4768 3.7192 53.6941

115360 3.5019 40.2084

The input cover image

0

200

400

600

The histogram of input cover image

0 100 200

The output stego image

0

200

400

600

800

The histogram of stego image

0 100 200

Experimental result using Range1 for Baboon cover image

The input cover image

0

200

400

600

800

The histogram of input cover image

0 100 200

The output stego image

0

500

1000The histogram of stego image

0 100 200

Experimental result using Range2 for Lena cover image

Conclusion

Enhanced embedding capacity of image .

Embeded the hidden information in the cover image and use digital signature using a key to verify the integrity from the stego-image.

Experimental results verify that the proposed model is effective and efficient.

References

1.A.L.Khade. B.G.Hogde, V B Gaikwad. “Secret Communication via Image Hiding In Image by Pixel Value Differencing”, ICWET‟, February 2010, 437-438.

2. H.B. Kekre, Archana Athawale, Pallavi N. Halarnkar, “Performance Evaluation of Pixel Value Differencing and Kekre‟s Modified Algorithm for Information Hiding in Images”, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3‟09) .

3.H.C. Wu, N.I. Wu, C.S. Tsai and M.S. Hwang, “Image steganographic scheme based on pixel value differencing and LSB replacement method”, IEEE Proceedings on Vision, Image and Signal processing, Vol. 152, No. 5,pp. 611-615, 2005

4. Han-ling ZHANG, Guang-zhi GENG, Cai-qiong Xing, 2009.“Image Steganography using Pixel-Value Differencing”, IEEE DOI 10.1109/ISECS.2009.139), 109–112.

5. J.K. Mandal, Debashis Das “Steganography Using Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing(APVD) for Gray Images through Exclusion of Underflow/Overflow ”, Computer Science & Information Series, ISBN : 978-1-921987-03-8, pp. 93-102, 2012

6. J. K. Mandal and Debashis Das, “Colour Image Steganography Based on Pixel Value Differencing in Spatial Domain”, International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.2, No.4, July 2012, 83-93 .

7. Reena M. Patel & D. J. Shah. “Data Hiding Using Pixel Pair Differencing Technique”.

COMPUTECH: An International Journal of Computer Sciences (ISSN: 2229-4589). (Globe Publications: Delhi) Vol. 3, No. 6 (January 2013): 25-3.

8. www.wikipedia.com

9. www.programmer2programmer.com

THANK YOU