qartuli ena da literatura 8 - eprints.iliauni.edu.geeprints.iliauni.edu.ge/1955/1/qartuli me-8...

qarTuli ena daliteratura

gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi 2012

maswavleblis wigni

8

naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis

ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier

qarTuli ena da literatura

VIII klasi

maswavleblis wigni

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

© n. maRlakeliZe, n. jaSi, n. Todua

naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Toduaavtorebi:

neli elizbaraSviliredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

ISBN 978-9941-10-537-1

N. Maglakelidze, N. Jashi, N. Todua`Georgian Language and Literature~, the Book of the Teacher 8, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11

E-mail: [email protected]

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meToduri miTiTebani maswavleblebisaTvis:

saswavlo kompleqsi Sedgeba ori komponentisagan:a) moswavlis wigni, b) maswavleblis wigni.

`moswavlis wigni _ qarTuli ena da literatura, VIII klasi~ Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs, daicvas is moTxovnebi, romlebic gaTva-liswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sag nobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebu-li savaldebuli literatura:

1. gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; 2. g. tabiZe, `wamye beTaniisaken~; 3. o. WilaZe, `rodesac ase axloa gremi~; 4. a. sulakauri, àr vici amas ra hqvia~; 5. s. Ciqovani, `Tbilisis Tovli~; 6. g. tabiZe, `mamuli~; 7. i. WavWavaZe, èri da istoria~; 8. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~ me-7 Tavi;9. a. wereTeli, `xatis win~; 10. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, me-8 Tavi;11. a. wereTeli, `baSi-aCuki~; 12. i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; 13. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, 26-e Tavi;14. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~;15. `TaTbiri avTandilisa~;16. `TaTbiri tarielisa~; 17. i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; 18. vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~; 19. vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; 20. vaJa-fSavela, èna~; 21. t. tabiZe, `ria-ria~; 22. a. kalandaZe, `ra var? stviri var~;23. g. tabiZe, `mzeo TibaTvisa~; 24. k. gamsaxurdia, `didi iosebi~;25. W. amirejibi, `mose zamTaraZis naambobi~, 26. r. inaniSvili, `patara biWi golgoTaze~; 27. n. baraTaSvili, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~; 28. sulxan-saba orbeliani, ùnaRvloTa mZebneli~;29. vaJa-fSavela, ìas uTxariT turfasa~; 30. d. kldiaSvili, `darispanis gasaWiri~; 31. d. guramiSvili, ìsmine, swavlis mZebnelo~;32. i. WavWavaZe, `Sinauri mimoxilva~; 33. n. baraTaSvili, `cisa fers~, 34. n. baraTaSvili, àr ukiJino, satrfoo~;35. vaJa-fSavela, `samefo simRera~;36. l. asaTiani, `sparsel asuls~; 37. T. WilaZe, `yinwvisi~;38. g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~;39. g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~.

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sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:

1. r. inaniSvili, `samgori~; 2. g. rCeuliSvili, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~; 3. m. lebaniZe, ùfliscixesTan~; 4. h. hese, `poeti~; 5. C. dikensi, `wuTisofeli~; 6. saadi, àRzrdisaTvis~; 7. nizami ganjeli (lamaz qristian qalze vloculob); 8. o’ henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~; 9. l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~; 10. g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi.

teqstebi dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT. es budeebia: I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ II Tema: eri da istoria III Tema: `sad aris gmiri?~ IV Tema: Cveni `vefxistyaosani~ V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ VI Tema: `xani undobari~ VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ VIII Tema: `swavla sinaTlea~ IX Tema: `siyvarulis dResaswauli~

sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTva-liswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, kiTxvis strategiebis dauflebas, meore mxriv ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), gaviazroT (analizze orientirebuli), SevafasoT (Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).

vecadeT, literaturul masalasTan mWidro kavSirSi warmogvedgina enobrivi masa-lac. aq yuradReba gamaxvilebulia rogorc teqstis enobriv-stilistur Taviseburebebze (ix. rubrika ènobriv mxareze dakvirveba~), ise _ praqtikuli stilistikis, leqsikolo-giis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis sakiTxebze (ix. rubrika `mSobliuri enis samyaroSi~). enobriv masalaze muSaobisas viyenebT e.w. ̀ enaze dakvirvebis~ meTods, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas sagakveTilo procesSi da amave dros, aiolebs Teoriuli de-finiciebis miwodebas iq, sadac es aucilebelia. vecadeT, rom Teoriuli masalis miwodeba maqsimalurad SegvezRuda da wina planze wamogvewia calkeuli gramatikuli kategoriebis funqciuri aspeqtebi. am TvalsazrisiT aris warmodegnili gramatikis (ZiriTadad sin-taqsisa da masTan dakavSirebiT puqtuaciis) sakiTxebi. maTi gacnobisas wina planze dge-ba praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da ara saTanado wesebisa da gansazRvrebebis meqanikuri dazepireba (rac arcTu usafuZvlod miiCneva Cvens skolebSi gramatikuli ma-salis swavlebis ZiriTad naklad). vecadeT, sagangebo dakvirvebis sagnad gveqcia mwerlis enobriv-stiluri Taviseburebani da amasTan, mWidro kavSirSi gagvecno mxatvruli gamo-saxvis saSulebani. teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebic, rac, Cveni azriT, moswavles gauadvilebs, erTi mxriv, mwerlis enis TaviseburebebSi garkvevas, meore mxriv ki, xels Seuwyobs enis gamomsaxvelobiTi aspeqtis gaazrebas, amasTan dakavSi-rebiT saTanado sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. am etapze sagangebo yuradReba eqceva aseve funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstis ZiriTad TaviseburebebSi garkvevas.

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wignSi calke rubrikis (`es sainteresoa~) saxiT mocemulia damatebiTi informacia ama Tu im teqstis Sesaxeb; aseve calke rubrikis saxiT vTavazobT moswavleebs amonaridebs cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan (`Tvalsazrisi~), rac maT, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.

calke rubrikad aris gamoyofili agreTve `sadiskusio klubi~, romlis mizanic aseve sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma da argumentirebaa.

sakiTxav teqstebs axlavs saweri davalebebi. vecadeT, rom es davalebebi sakmaod mravalferovani da moswavleTaTvis saintereso yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, aq warmodgeni-li saweri davalebebi xels Seuwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli we-ris strategiebis dauflebas. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vamaxvilebT funqciuri weris elementebze. Tu maswavlebeli arasakmarisad CaTvlis am savarjiSoebs, ra Tqma unda, mas SeuZlia maTi Secvla da gamravalferovneba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.

`maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. masSi mo-cemulia mxolod ramdenime sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi CavrTeT is uaxlesi meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. scenarebis bolos miTiTebulia `mosalodneli Sedegebi~, rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli. ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili `scenarebi~ mxolod saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi Sexedulebisame-br meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi... aqve CavurTeT is sainformacio masalac, romelic SesaZloa, maswavlebels dasWirdes ama Tu im teqstis da-muSavebisas. es `damatebiTi informaciebi~ mxolod maswavleblisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. pedagogis gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT gamoiyenebs mas gakveTilze.

nimuSis saxiT maswavlebels aqve vTavazobT qarTuli enisa da literaturis progra-ma-silabuss. es silabusic, iseve rogorc Cven mier warmodgenili sagakveTilo scenarebi, saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. imedi gvaqvs, rom igi daexmareba praqtikos maswavle-bels saswavlo masalis dagegmvaSi.

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programa-silabusi nimuSi

sagani _ qarTuli ena da literaturaklasi _ me-8pedagogi _ kursis moculoba _ 160 akademiuri saaTi (34 samuSao kvira, 5 kvireuli saaTi)

saswavlo kursis miznebia: • ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sametyvelo unarebi (wera, kiTxva, mosmena, sauba-

ri); • gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kultura; • ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri TanmimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa da sxvadasxva

daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;• Camouyalibos damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da refleqsuri azrovnebis unari; • Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literaturis, rogorc sityvis xelovnebisa da

kulturis faqtis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari; • gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio kultura, rogorc cvlilebisa

da ganviTarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebam me-8 klasSi unda uzrunvelyos:

• msjelobis unaris ganviTareba, sakuTari azris dasabuTeba saTanado teqstobriv safuZvelze;

• literaturul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problematikis mimarT sakuTari damokidebu-lebis gamoxatva, pirovnuli poziciis Camoyalibeba da misi argumentireba; maTSi asaxuli faseulobebis aRqma-gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

• teqstebTan SemoqmedebiTi (Tavisufali) damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba;• diskusiebSi monawileoba, monologuri da dialoguri metyvelebis unar-CvevaTa

Camoyalibeba;• teqstis analizis unaris ganviTareba;• saganmanaTleblo mizniT sxvadasxva resursiT (leqsikonebi, biblioTeka, interne-

ti da sxv.) sargebloba;• miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;• orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba weris procesSi.

1. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSavebi-saTvis gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):

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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ (16 sT)

1. teqsti: gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; ena _ zogadi cnobebi enis Sesaxeb: qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasabami da ganviTa-

rebis safexurebi; leqsikologia _arqaizmebi; literaturis Teoria: tropis saxeebi (praqtikulad), peizaJi. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `wamye beTaniisaken~; ena _ mwerlis enaze dakvirveba;literaturis Teoria: mimarTva, rogorc mxatvruli metyvelebis erT-erTi forma,

refreni. 2 sT.

3. teqsti: o. WilaZe, `rodesac ase axloa gremi~; ena _ mwerlis enaze dakvirveba;lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, kontrasti. 2 sT.

4. teqsti: a. sulakauri, àr vici amas ra hqvia~;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, ritmi, taepi, strofi, `koWli strofi~.

2 sT.

5. teqsti: s. Ciqovani, `Tbilisis Tovli~; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, riTma, riTmis saxeebi. 2 sT.

6. teqsti: r. inaniSvili, `samgori~; ena _ metyvelebis tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, dialogi; gramatika: krebiTi saxeli, ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi krebiT saxelTan;literaturis Teoria: legenda. 3 sT.

7. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `mamuli~; ena _ punqtuacia: sasveni niSnebi citatasTan;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

I Temis Sejameba _ 1 sT.

II Tema: eri da istoria (14 sT)

8. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, èri da istoria~; ena _ saliteraturo enis normaTa cvla;leqsikologia _ barbarizmebi, arqaizmebi;funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ publicistika, publicisturi stilis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.

9. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~ me-7 Tavi; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, 2 sT.

10. teqsti: g. rCeuliSvili, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~; ena _ leqsikologia: sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi;praqtikuli stilistikis sakiTxebi _ droTa Tanmimdevrobis dacva Txrobisas, metyve-

lebis tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba; teqstis struqtura _ abzaci;

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gramatika _ metyvelebis nawilebi, formacvalebadi da formaucvleli metyvelebis nawilebi, srulmniSvnelovani da damxmare sityvebi, winadadebis wevris raoba. 4 sT.

11. teqsti: m. lebaniZe, ùfliscixesTan~; ena _funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ metyvelebis ZiriTadi tipebi;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

12. teqsti: a. wereTeli, `xatis win~; lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

13. Sejameba _ (1 sT).

III Tema: `sad aris gmiri?~ (19 sT)

14. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, me-8 Tavi;ena _ leqsikologia: leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi. 2 sT.

15. teqsti: a. wereTeli, `baSi-aCuki~;ena _ leqsikologia: frazeologizmebi, andazebi, aforizmebi, dialeqtizmebi, barba-

rizmebi; gramatika da punqtuacia: winadadebis tipebi modalobis mixedviT, kiTxviTi winada-

deba da misi saxeebi, brZanebiTi winadadeba da misi saxeebi, warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi for-mebi; Zaxilis winadadeba da misi saxeebi; winadadebis wevrebi, winadadebis mTavari wevri _ Semasmeneli, misi saxeebi;

literaturis Teoria: fabula, siuJeti. 12 sT.

16. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis Sedgeniloba wevrTa mixedviT, winadadebis mTava-

ri wevrebi: qvemdebare, qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi. 2 sT.

17. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, 26-e Tavi. 2 sT.

18. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

IV Tema: `Cveni vefxistyaosani~ (8 sT)

1. teqsti: SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~ + 1 sT.2. `TaTbiri avTandilisa~ + 2 sT.3. `TaTbiri tarielisa~; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi + 4sT.4. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ ( 17 sT)

1. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebare. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~;

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ena _ gramatika: qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, funqcionaluri sti-lis sakiTxebi, publicistika, publicisturi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.

3. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; ena _ gramatika: qvemdebare da Semasmeneli, maTTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sa-

kiTxebi. 2 sT.

4. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ena~; ena _leqsikologia: dialeqtizmebi, saliteraturo ena da dialeqtebi;gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanx-

meba. 2 sT.

5. teqsti: tician tabiZe, `ria-ria~; ena _ gramatika: rTulfuZiani (fuZegaorkecebuli) saxelebis marTlwera, qvemdebari-

sa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

6. teqsti: ana kalandaZe, `ra var? stviri var~; ena _ gramatika: punqtuaciisa da intonaciis sakiTxebi. 1 sT.

7. teqsti: herman hese, `poeti~; literaturis Teoria: mxatvruli saxeebi _ metafora, alegoria; fabula, siuJeti. 4

sT. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

VI Tema: `xani undobari~ (24 sT)

1. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `mzeo TibaTvisa~; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyvelebis saxeebi, simbolo, rogorc tropis erT-

erTi saxe. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: k. gamsaxurdia, `didi iosebi~;ena _ leqsikologia: barbarizmebi, sityvaTa sesxeba, saerTaSoriso sityvebi, neo-

logizmebi, Semoklebuli sityvebi da maTi marTlwera; gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi _ pirdapiri da iribi damateba, winadadebis aramTavari wevri _ ubralo damateba; saxeldebiTi winadadeba;

literaturis Teoria: novela, lirikuli gadaxveva; literaturuli gmiri da proto-tipi, ena. 10 sT.

3. teqsti: W. amirejibi, `mose zamTaraZis naambobi~;ena _ gramatika: winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi: gansazRvreba, misi saxeebi, msazRvrel-

sazRvrulis bruneba;literaturis Teoria _ literaturuli gmiri da prototipi. 8 sT.

4. teqsti: r. inaniSvili, `patara biWi golgoTaze~; ena _gramatika: winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi: adgilisa da drois garemoeba; literaturis Teoria: siuJeti, siuJetis ganviTarebis safexurebi. 3 sT.

5. Sejameba _ 1 s.

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VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ (16 sT)

1. teqsti: nikoloz baraTaSvili, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi _ mize-

zisa da miznis garemoeba. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: sulxan-saba orbeliani, ùnaRvloTa mZebneli~;ena _ gramatika: viTarebis garemoeba, marTlweris sakiTxebi. 3 sT.

3. teqsti: Carlz dikensi, `wuTisofeli~; ena _ gramatika: martivi winadadebis saxeebi: sruli da usruli, gavrcobili da gauvr-

cobeli. 3 sT.

4. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, ìas uTxariT turfasa~;literaturis Teoria _ tropuli metyveleba, lirikuli gmiri. 2 sT.

5. teqsti: daviT kldiaSvili, `darispanis gasaWiri~; ena _ leqsikologia: dialeqtizmebi, winadadebis arawevri sityvebi _ Sorisdebuli

da sasveni niSnebi masTan;literaturis Teoria: literaturis Janrebi _ dramaturgia; iumori. 5 sT.Sejameba _ 1 sT.

VIII Tema: `swavla sinaTlea~ (7 sT)

teqsti: daviT guramiSvili, ìsmine, swavlis mZebnelo~; ena _arqaizmebi, frazeologizmebi _ aforizmi. 2 sT

1. teqsti: saadi, àRzrdisaTvis~. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `Sinauri mimoxilva~; ena: funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ publicistika. 2 sT. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

IX Tema: `siyvarulis dResaswauli~ (19 sT)

teqstebi: nikoloz baraTaSvili, `cisa fers~, àr ukiJino, satrfoo~;ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, tropuli metyveleba. 4 sT.

teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `samefos simRera~;ena _ dialeqtizmebi, literaturis Teoria: lirikuli gmiri. 1 sT.teqstebi: lado asaTiani, `sparsel asuls~, nizami ganjeli, `lamaz qristian qalze

vloculob~. 3 sT.

teqsti: o’henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~; ena _ leqsikologia _ nasesxebi sityvebi; literaturis Teoria: iumori, rogorc mxatvruli asaxvis meTodi; literaturis Jan-

rebze dakvirveba _ novela, novelis maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.

teqsti: Tamaz WilaZe. `yinwvisi~. 1 sT.

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teqsti: l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~;ena _ stilis raoba, funqcionaluri stilis saxeebi: samecniero, publicisturi, ofi-

cialur-saqmiani da mxatvruli, maTi maxasiaTeblebi (zogadad). 3 sT.

teqsti: g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~. 1 sT.

teqstebi: g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi;ena _ funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi: epistolaruli Janri, saqmis qaRaldebi, misi

saerTo maxasiaTeblebi. 1 sT.

teqsti: g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~. 1 sT.Sejameba _ 1 sT. 3) wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi _ am kursis mosmenis Semdeg moswavles unda SeeZlos:

a) informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba: • sxvadasxva saxis (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli) zepiri teqstebis analizi tona-

lobis, enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT; • adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;• wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi); • teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maT struqturul-gramatikul Tu sti-

listur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; • teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da maTi saTanado

interpretaciiT warmodgena; • sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis teqstebis gamarTulad wera; gramatikis, orTogra-

fiis, punqtuaciis wesebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

b) enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyeneba:

• im sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebisa da strategiebis ganviTareba, romlebic uzrun-velyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis, debatebis, sxvadasxva Temaze kamaTis warmarTvas;

• sxvadasxva saxis zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis Sefaseba maTi sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• wakiTxulis gadamowmeba da Sefaseba sandoobis, aqtualurobis, popularobisa da sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT;

• konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, kritikulad gadamowmeba da monacemTa bankis Sedgena;

• sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva.

g) mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva:

• argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi gamovlenili msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb;

• literaturul nawarmoebze subieqturi mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da warmoCena;• literaturul nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli azrovnebis formebis identificireba,

Sedareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi;• sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul faseulobaTa

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gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;• sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseuli da

SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;• werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis

sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;• qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literatu-

ruli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba (ix. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. qar-Tuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standarti).

SeniSvna: a) silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 140 saaTze. 20 saaTs maswavlebels vu-

tovebT gegmuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _ damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis.b) saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa. maTi Secvla maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari

Sexedulebisamebr.

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sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi

masala: akaki wereTlis `baSi-aCuki”; frazeologizmebi; mwerlis enis Taviseburebebi; winadadeba ragvarobisa da modalobis mixedviT, winadadebis mTavari wevrebi: Semasmeneli, misi saxeebi.

miznebi: mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba; wakiTxulis mimarT damokidebulebis gamoxatva;sakuTari azris dasabuTeba;diskusiisa da kamaTis xelovnebis TanadaTanobiT daufleba; kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis daufleba;zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebisaTvis formisa da stilis SerCeva;enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis marTebuli gamoyeneba;punqtuaciur-intonaciuri, stiluri, orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba.

I-II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba.aqtivoba 2. _ provocireba: am mizniT sasurvelia maswavlebelma wina gakveTilze da-

avalos moswavleebs moiZion saTanado istoriuli masala kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis Sesaxeb, am gakveTilze ki isaubron am ajanyebis gamomwvev faqtorebsa da istoriul per-sonaJebze; SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sqema: ̀ vici _ gavige _ minda vicode~. punqti ̀ vici~ ivseba provocirebis momentSi _ amiT mzaddeba is safuZveli, romelsac unda daeSenos Semdegi codna am istoriuli faqtis Sesaxeb; punqtebi: `gavige~ da `minda vicode~ Seivseba teqstis kiTxvis damTavrebis Semdeg. amave mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ̀ gonebrivi ieriSis rukac~.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:

biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebiTeimuraz I-is dauRalavma saqmianobam da misma swrafvam, epova dasayrdeni ruseTSi,

Sah-abas meoris (1642-1666) iranSi gaacocxla idea kaxeTSi TurqmanTa Camosaxlebisa da saxanos Seqmnis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRniSnavs sefianTa iranis erT-erTi cnobili istoriko-si mohamed Taheri, Sahis gadawyvetilebiT, Sida da gare kaxeTis miwebze unda dasaxlebu-liyo momTabare-mejoge Turqmanebis 15000 ojaxi. isini unda damagrebuliyvnen am nayo-fier miwebze, `Sesdgomodnen xvna-Tesvas, Senebas da dasaxlebas~. am strategiuli miznis ganxorcielebisaTvis iranis Sahma, Sah-abas meorem (1642-1666) kaxeTSi winaswari samuSaoe-bi Caatara: alaverdi-xanis xelmZRvanelobiT saqarTveloSi sami cixe aigo: baxtrionis cixe alaznis marcxena napirze, romelsac didi strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda; ala-verdis monasteri cixesimagred gadakeTda; mesame cixe ki unda yofiliyo yaraRajis cixe _ XVII s.-is kaxeTis yizilbaSi xanebis rezidencia.

Turqmanebis Camosaxlebis saqme Sahma miando yizilbaS selim-xans, romelic kaxeTs marTavda mas Semdeg, rac Sahma rostom mefes droebiT mierTebuli (1648 wlidan) kaxeTi CamoarTva. selim -xanis xelmZRvanelobiT ori wlis ganmavlobaSi kaxeTSi Camosaxlda TurqmanTa didi urdoebi adarbadaganidan. igegmeboda mTeli Sida da gare kaxeTis ba-ris Turqmani momTabareebisaTvis gadacema. selim-xanis Semdeg kaxeTis samxreT-aRmo-savleTi mxare yarabaRis beglarbegs murTaz yuli-xans, xolo danarCeni nawili naxWeva-nis mmarTvels ali-yuli-xan qengerlus gadaeca. swored am mmarTvelTa dros Casaxlda kaxeTSi 80000-mde momTabare eli. kaxeTis kulturul meurneobas momTabare Turqmanebi-sagan gadaSenebis safrTxe daemuqra; mesaqonle elebi venaxebis aCexasa da kaxeTis miwebis ialaRebad gadaqcevas apirebdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurnic mZime dReSi aRmoCndnen - mwiri mTa baris puriTa da RviniT irCenda Tavs, mTielebi baris sazamTro saZovrebis gareSe verc

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cxvars gamokvebavdnen. garda amisa, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba yizilbaSi mecixovneebisga-nac iyo Sewuxebuli. momTabare gadamTielTagan mTisa da baris Seviwroeba erT xalxur leqsSi asea gadmocemuli:

`baxtrions sxedan TaTrebi, sityvas amboben Znelsao:axmetas avWriT venaxsa, Sig davasaxlebT elsao~.iranis politikas dokumenturad asaxavs imJamindeli sparsuli istoriuli sabuTe-

bi, romlebic xelnawerTa erovnul centrsa da saxelmwifo arqivSia daculi. Sah-abas II-is istorikosis mohamed Taheris gadmocemiT: `radgan elebs imis miswrafe-

ba hqondaT, rom qarTvelebze ebatonaT, am or xalxs Soris dava da Cxubi gaCnda~. ajanyebi-saTvis safuZveli mzad iyo. misi mizezi ki udanaSaulo mRvdlis Tavs datrialebuli ube-dureba gaxda. istorikos beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: `...xolo warvida xucesi igi da mivida duSeTs. zogad isxden zaal erisTavi da coli misi, dauCoqa xucesman da SesCivla: `Sen zaal erisTavi xaro da kaxeTis gamgebelio, gaaoxres sruliad kaxeTi usjuloTa aga-rianTa da me gzazed Semipyres da xelSekruli ganmxrwnes da hyves Cem zeda saqme saTqme-lad uSveri. da aw amisi magieri pasuxi RmerTs Sen miec da Sen unda gasce, vinaTgan Senda rwmunebul aris kaxeTi~ (beri egnataSvili).

ajanyebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba zaal aragvis erisTavma iTava. brZolaSi aSkara monawileoba mas ar miuRia. ajanyebis uSualo xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva qsnis erisTavi da misi Zma biZina, zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi, TuSi zezva gafrin-dauli, xevsuri nodara xoSarauli da sxvebi.

aragvis laSqars zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi sardlobda. qsnis erisTavis laSqars Salva da elizbari meTaurobdnen. aragvisa da qsnis saerisTaoebis mebrZolebi baxtrio-nis sanaxebSi dabanakdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurTa laSqari da kaxeTis baris laSqari alaverds miuaxlovdnen. ajanyebulebma baxtrionisa da alaverdis cixeebs erTdroulad Seuties. qarTvelebma mters musri gaavles. Semdeg ki maT kaxeTis sxva adgilebSi mcxovreb Turqma-nebze miitanes ieriSi. mravali maTgani daxoces. elebis mxolod mcire nawili gadarCa cocxali. maT gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ajanyebulebi Segnebulad ar dasxmian Tavs aRjayalis cixes, sadac ijda kaxeTis erTi nawilis mmarTveli murTaz yuli-xani. es saSualebas aZlevda zaal eri-sTavs daefara ajanyebaSi sakuTari monawileoba da Sahis karze gagzavnil arzebSi ajanye-bis mizezad kaxeTis meore nawilis mmarTvelis aliyuli-xan qengerlus `cud qceva~ gamo-ecxadebina.

iranis samefo karma saqarTveloSi momxdari ajanyebis Sesaxeb gamoZieba Caatara da Semdeg daskvnamde mivida: `TuSebma, romelTac maRali mTebi da xSiri tyeebi da ugzooba faravda, borotmoqmedeba da mzakvroba iwyes. ali-yuli-xanic ar iCenda elebis mimarT iseT mzrunvelobas, rogoric saWiro iyo. zaal erisTavsac imis ganzraxva hqonda, rom kaxeTis ̀ olqis~ damoukidebeli mmarTveli gamxdariyo. misi survili ar ganxorcielda da dafaruli brazis gamo es im xalxs aqezebda. imis Semdeg, roca man Sahis maRali sasaxlidan wasvlis nebarTva miiRo, saqarTveloSi Cavida da SfoTis gaZlierebis mizezad, areulo-bis wyarod da urCobis arsad gadaiqca~ (mohamed Taheri).

zaal erisTavis dasja gadawyvetili iyo. Sahma vaxtang V-s (Sahnavazi) misi mokvla ubrZana. vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo es brZaneba Seesrulebina. 1660 wels zaal erisTavi, qarTlis mefis brZanebiT, misive ZmiSvilebma mokles. amis Semdeg ajanyebis sxva monawi-leebic gatydnen. biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi Sahs eaxlnen da patieba sTxoves. Sahma isini TurqmanTa im tomebs gadasca, romelTa metomeebi kaxelebma gaJlites. maT qarTveli gmirebi saSineli wamebiT daxoces 1662 wlis 18 seqtembers - aso-aso aWres da Semdeg Tavebi mohkveTes. arsebobs gadmocema, rom ajanyebulTa Tavebi moi-pares kaTolike misionerebma, rogorc wminda relikvia, xolo maTi nawilebi gadmoasvenes saqarTveloSi da dakrZales ikorTaSi. isini qarTulma eklesiam wmindanebad Seracxa, xse-nebis dRe _ 18 seqtemberi.

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besarion kaTalikosma (orbeliSvilma) wamebul gmirebs uZRvna agiografiuli Txzu-leba: `Sesxma wmidaTa mowameTa biZinasi, Salva da elizbarisa da uwyebaÁ wamebisa maTisa~.

saerTo saxalxo ajanyebis gmirebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovreba~, irane-li mematiane mohamed Taheri, qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebi, mxatvruli literatu-ris Zeglebi _ akaki wereTlis, grigol orbelianis, vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebi.

1959 wels qarTvelTa mier mopovebulma gamarjvebam kaxeTi gadaSenebisagan ixsna. am brZolaSi monawile qarTveli vaJkacebis saxelebi ki ukvdavyo.

Teimuraz I (1589-1663ww.)kaxeTisa da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe, Ze daviT mefisa da qeTevan dedoflisa, saqarTve-

los damoukideblobisaTvis daucxromeli mebrZoli, aRorZinebis xanis gamorCeuli po-eti.

1612 wels osmaleTTan dazavebis Semdeg Sah-abasma qarTl-kaxeTisaTvis moicala. mas ganzraxuli hqonda qarTl-kaxeTis ayra, aq mahmadianuri mosaxleobis Casaxleba da ira-nisadmi uSualod daqvemdebarebuli saxanoebis Seqmna. am miznis misaRwevad mas pirvel rigSi mefeebi da mmarTveli dinastiis sxva warmomadgenlebi unda moeSorebina Tavidan. Sahis gegmebs saqarTveloSic kargad xvdebodnen. Teimurazsa da luarsabs erTmaneTi-saTvis fici miuciaT, rom `erTsulovanni da erTazrovanni~ iqnebodnen (araqel Tavri-zeli). 1612 wels Sahma Teimurazi da luarsabi mazandarnSi daibara nadirobis sababiT, Tumca mefeebi ar wavidnen, rac aSkara amboxs niSnavda. 1613 wels Sahi daiZra qarTl-kaxe-Tisken da ganjaSi dabanakda. man mZevlebad moiTxova Teimurazis Svilebi da dedofali qeTevani. Teimurazi iZulebuli gaxda deda da Svilebi gaegzavna. 1614 wels Sahi kaxeTSi SemoiWra da 50 dRis ganmavlobaSi miwasTan gaaswora ayvavebuli qveyana. Teimurazi brZo-liT ixevda qarTlisaken. arc luarsabs hyavda sakmarisi Zalebi da oriveni imereTSi ga-daixvewnen. kaxeTis mmarTvelad Sahma gamahmadianebuli kaxi batoniSvili isa-xani daniSna.

1615 wels, rodesac osmaleTis armia mehmed faSas meTaurobiT iranis sazRvrebs miadga, kaxelebs imedi miecaT da ajanydnen. ajanyebulebma, daviT jandieris xelmZRva-nelobiT, sul gawyvites alaverdis taZarSi Cayenebuli yizilbaSTa garnizoni da saswra-fod Teimurazi moiwvies. Teimurazi Camovida kaxeTSi da daiwyo yizilbaSTagan kaxeTis cixeebis gawmenda. amasobaSi Sahma isev Sekriba jari da cnobili sardlis, ali-yuli-xanis meTaurobiT Seutia kaxeTs. Teimurazma amjeradac moaxerxa mtris damarcxeba.

1616 wels Sah-abasi uzarmazari jariT qarTlSi Semovida. aqedan Seusia razme-bi kaxeTs. Teimurazi, romelic iranze osmalTa Setevas moeloda, gaecala Sahs da isev imereTSi gadavida. mtris xelSi darCenili qveyana udides gasaWirSi Cavarda. kaxelebi TavganwirviT igeriebdnen mters yvelgan, yvela simagresTan, cixesa da qalaqTan, magram mtris simravles ver audiodnen. yizilbaSebi gzadagza Cexdnen nargavebs, wvavdnen so-flebs, datyvevebul mosaxleobas iranSi erekebodnen. qveyana `daingra da miwasTan iqna gasworebuli~ (iskander munSi). 1616-1617 wlebSi Sahi kidev orjer SemoiWra kaxeTSi, mo-spo da daangria Tu ram darCeniliyo. am Semosevebisas kaxeTma dakarga mosaxleobis ori mesamedi. iraneli istorikosis azriT, es Teimurazis moRalateobrivi politikis, misi `uwesobisa da urCobis~ Sedegi iyo.

Teimurazi gautexeli mebrZoli iyo. masze Sahma saSinlad iZia Suri _ daasaWurisa misi vaJebi, ramac imsxverpla kidec erT-erTi maTgani, xolo qeTevan dedofali ki 1624 wels saSineli wamebiT mokla.

1625 wels iranis winaaRmdeg kvlav aRdga qarTli da kaxeTi giorgi saakaZis meTau-robiT. ajanyebulebma ramdenime dReSi gawmindes qarTl-kaxeTi yizilbaSTagan, magram am brZolebs Sahis armiis naxevaric Seewira. Turqi istorikosis ibrahim feCevis TqmiT, `Sahs ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi aseTi zarali ar mosvlia~.

1626 wels Teimurazi da giorgi saakaZe isev erTad ibrZvian yizilbaSTa winaaRmdeg, aTavisufleben qarTl-kaxeTis cixeebs, magram saakaZis gandidebam gaaRiziana didgvaro-vani Tavadebi, SuRli Camovarda giorgisa da Teimurazs Sorisac. iskander munSis cnobiT,

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`mouravsa da Teimurazs Soris erTmaneTisadmi SiSi gaCnda, bolos aiSalnen da erTmaneTs daSordnen.~ saqarTvelos istoriis umZimesi ZmaTamkvleli omi, romelic bazaleTis tba-stan gaimarTa, Teimurazisa da misi momxre Tavadebis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. amis Semdeg Teimurazma Sida qarTli daikava. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda xeli aeRo Tavis gegmaze da Tei-murazi qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebuli samefos mefed ecno, magram formalurad Sahis erTguli svimon-xani isev ise rCeboda qarTlis gamgeblad.

1620-1624 wlebSi, rodesac giorgi saakaZis TaosnobiT igegmeboda ajanyebis momzade-ba iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg, Teimurazi osmaleTidan cdilobda daxmarebis miRe-bas. 1618-1623 wlebSi man ruseTsac mimarTa, Tumca am mcdelobebs Sedegi ar mohyolia. 1622 wels Teimurazma romis papTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad gaagzavna nikifore ColayaSvili, romelic 1629 wels mxolod papis gamamxnevebeli weriliT dabrunda. Sah-abasis gegmis Ca-Slisa da iranTan vasaluri urTierTobis aRdgenis Semdegac Teimurazi agrZelebs brZo-las amierkavkasiidan iranis gandevnisaTvis. amis gamo hqonia mas miwer-mowera sulTan mu-rad IV-sTan (1623-1640), romelic garkveul imedebs usaxavda uTanasworo brZolaSi Cabmul mefes. 1630 wels sulTnisagan Teimurazi damaimedebel werils iRebs: `... Cemi locva da ke-Tilganwyoba Senkenaa mimarTuli... Cemi sapatio xalaTebidan sixarulis momgvreli erTi xalaTi giwyalobeT da giboZeT,... mTeli Seni laSqriTa da xalxis gamoCenili pirebiT mo-emzade da, Tu maRalma alahma ineba, roca Cemi Zlevamosili saxelganTqmuli sardali mag mxarisaken wamova, xolo saqarTvelos amirebi mag mxarisaken daiZrebian, Senc saTanado adgilas maT SeuerTdi... ZalmosilebiT Seudeqi saZageli yizilbaSis Jletas, vaJkacurad, mamacurad da gabedulad gaisarje, islamis sarwmunoebisadmi sakadrisi Tavgameteba da sibejiTe gamoiCine...~

amave periodSi aqtiurad ganixileboda amierkavkasiel xalxTa gaerTianebuli brZo-lis gegma iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ruseTisa da osmaleTis daxmarebiT. miuxedavad didi mcdelobebisa, gegmas ar ewera ganxorcieleba _ saqarTvelosa da somxeTs ar gaaCnda saWiro Zala, xolo maTi droebiTi politikuri mokavSireebi ar iyvnen saimedoni. Teimu-razis gaTvlebi Zalebis realuri Tanafardobidan ar gamomdinareobda.

1631 wels Teimurazis siZem zurab erisTavma qarTlis nominaluri mmarTveli, simon-xani, mokla. Teimurazi faqtobrivad mTel qarTl-kaxeTs daeufla. mxolod TbilisSi idga yizilbaSTa jari. Teimurazma Sah-sefis gulis mosagebad sakuTari siZec, zura-bic moakvlevina da Tavisi daqvrivebuli qaliSvili colad imereTis mefis giorgis Zes, aleqsandres misca. Sah-sefim oficialurad cno Teimurazi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed. am pe-riodis Sesaxeb mefe arCili Tavis `gabaasebaSi~ ase aTqmevinebs Teimurazs:

`dammorCilda yovli urCi, xelT sabmeli viTa bmoda,yovlgan isma es ambavi da Seiqmna saamboda, Sveba iyo samudamo, lxin-sobaTi Seimkoda~.

1629 wels Sah-abasi gardaicvala da iranis taxti daikava Sah-sefi I-ma. misi favori-ti xosro-mirza (momavali rostom mefe) Sahis karze Teimurazis winaaRmdeg moqmedebda da mis Sesacvlelad emzadeboda. Teimurazi isev daufaravad ibrZoda iranis winaaRmdeg, Tumca qveyanas saamiso Zala aRar gaaCnda. man rostomis mcdelobiT iranidan gamoZeve-bul yarabaRis beglarbeg daud-xan undilaZesTan erTad daarbia barda da yarabaRi, ra-mac Sahis risxva gamoiwvia. didi mcdelobiTa da kompromisebis gziT miRweuli mSvidobis SenarCuneba qveyanaSi ukve SeuZlebeli iyo.

Teimurazis RalatiT ganrisxebulma Sah-sefim misgan daud-xanis gacema moiTxova, razedac uari miiRo. ̀ rostom-xansa da mis momxreT marjve SemTxveva miecaT, rostomis xa-noba mefobad daemSvenebinaT~ (iv. javaxiSvili). 1632 wels rostomi qarTlis mefed, xolo kaxeTis mmarTvelad yizilbaSi selim-xani daniSnes. iranis armia isev Semoesia saqarTve-los. Teimurazma imereTs Seafara Tavi.

marTalia, rostomis dros qarTlSi mSvidoba damyarda, magram mahmadiani mefis yi-zilbaSuri wesebiT `Sezavebul mSvidobas~ qarTlis Tavadebi ver eguebodnen, isev Teimu-

17

razs ugzavnidnen `saficris wignebs~ da mefed iwvevdnen. Teimurazma ramdenjerme gaila-Sqra rostomis winaaRmdeg, magram sabolood damarcxda. igi kaxeTSi gadavida, gaaZeva iqi-dan selim-xani da 1634 wels daikava kaxeTi. mas Semdeg, rac rostoms yizilbaSTagan samxe-dro Zala wamoeSvela, Teimurazi dauzavda rostoms, Tavisi qaliSvili TinaTini ki Sahs gaugzavna. man Sahisagan kaxeTis mefed `cnobis~ rayami miiRo. daucxromeli Teimurazi SemdgomSic agrZelebda brZolas qarTlis taxtisaTvis qarTlel TavadTa erTi jgufis mxardaWeriT, Tumca yvela misi gamosvla marcxiT mTavrdeboda. amasTan, igi ar wyvetda ruseTTan da osmaleTTan molaparakebebs, romlebic kvlav uSedegod mTavrdeboda. 1639 wels iran-osmaleTis xangrZlivi omi dasrulda zaviT, romelmac gaimeora amasiis zavis pirobebi _ dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi `saqarTveloebis~ or nawilad, iranisa da osmale-Tis gavlenis sferoebad dayofisa.

rostomisa da Teimurazis dazaveba ver moxerxda. 1648 wels rostomi qarTlisa da yizilbaSTa jariT kaxeTs Seesia. Teimurazi isev damarcxda. brZolaSi daiRupa misi vaJi daviTi. damarcxebul Teimurazs, romelic misma momxreebmac gawires, rostomma imereTSi gadasvlis saSualeba misca. Teimurazma sabolood dakarga kaxeTi. amasobaSi rostommac moigo qarTvelebis guli da qveyanaSi nanatri mSvidoba Camovarda.

Teimurazi am marcxis Semdegac ganagrZobda mokavSireTa Zebnas imereTsa da samegre-loSi. iransa da osmaleTs Soris dadebuli zavis gamo mas osmaleTis imedic gadaewura da mTeli yuradReba ruseTisaken mimarTa, sadac mZevlad sakuTari SviliSvilic gaagzavna. realuri daxmareba arc iqidan Canda. 1661 wels sasowarkveTili Teimurazi berad aRikveca. igi jer skandis cixeSi cxovrobda, bolos ki Sahnavazis CagonebiT (vaxtang V) Sahs eaxla, rac iranis sabolood gamarjvebas niSnavda. `mters damorCilda sparsel dampyrobTa wi-naaRmdeg ormocdaaTwlovani brZolis mesaWe~ (n. berZeniSvili).

sikvdilis win Teimurazi astarabadis cixeSi imyofeboda. igi daamwyvdies mas Semdeg, rac misi SviliSvili, erekle batoniSvili, ar gamocxadda SahTan. mravalWirgadaxdili mefe 1663 wels 74 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

qarTveli istorikosebis SefasebiT, rostomma gaimarjva Tavisi zomieri politikiT _ igi ZiriTadad misaRebi iyo qarTvelTaTvis da sasurveli iranisaTvis, romelsac mo-sveneba hqonda dakarguli Teimurazis gauTavebeli brZoliT. igi iaraRiT cdilobda im saqmis gakeTebas, rasac rostomi mSvidobiani gziT aRwevda. Teimurazis nabijebi xSirad ar emyareboda ZalTa Tanafardobis adekvatur Sefasebas; misi gmiruli da Tavganwiruli suliskveTeba qveyanas sisxlismRvrel omebad ujdeboda, magram am daucxromeli mebrZo-lis Seurigeblobam irani aiZula did daTmobebze wasuliyo.

qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi Teimuraz mefem waruSleli kvali datova. misi Se-moqmedeba mravalmxrivia rogorc Janrobrivad, ise Sinaarsobrivad. man daamkvidra qar-Tul poeziaSi `gabaaseba~ da `anbanTqeba~, Semoitana saistorio eposi, `majama~, rogorc poetur TxzulebaTa `krebuli~ da sxv. misi Semoqmedeba moicavs sparsulidan gadmokeTe-bul da originalur nawarmoebebs. iranSi yofnisas yrma Teimurazma zedmiwevniT Seiswavla sparsuli ena _ `iswavebda wignsa da enasa sparsTasa~(`qarTlis cxovreba~, II). mas ekuTvnis aRmosavlur samyaroSi farTod gavrcelebuli romantikuli siuJetebis _ iusufisa da zuleixas, leilisa da majnunis, Samisa da farvanis, vardisa da bulbulis _ gadamuSave-bebi. mkvlevarTa azriT, es SedarebiT Tavisufali gardaTqmaa, romlebSic Teimurazi gvevlineba sparsuli enisa da am samyaros kulturuli garemos SesaniSnav mcodned. ira-nis winaaRmdeg daucxromeli mebrZoli didad afasebda am qveynis kulturas da SesaniSnav sparsul mwerlobas: ̀ sparsTa enisa sitkboman masurva musikobanio~. misi poemebi, rogorc Tavad ambobs, `pirvel sparsTagan Tqmulia..., qarTulad gaTargmnulia~.

Teimurazis originalur SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs ̀ gabaasebis~ (aRmosavleTSi cnobili ̀ munazares~) JanrSi daweril Txzulebas ̀ gazafxul-Semodgomia-ni~, romelsac erTvis `soflis samduravi~, sadac avtori mogviTxrobs Tavisi tragikuli cxovrebis umZimesi epizodebis Sesaxeb.

Teimurazma Seqmna religiuri da saero lirikis sayuradRebo nimuSebi. mis Semoqme-debaSi mZlavrad gaismis religiuri motivi _ gulwrfeli, Rrma da sinanuliT aRsavse.

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misi Txzuleba `SvidTa krebaTaTvis~, romelic CaxruxauliTaa dawerili, exeba eklesi-is istorias; CamoTvlilia is krebebi, romlebzec mwvalebloba ganaqiqes. mas ekuTvnis agreTve sami `anbanTqeba~, romlebic aseve religiuri Sinaarsisaa.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos Teimurazis `majama~, romelic ar warmoadgens mxolod omonimebis Semcvel nawarmoebs. rogorc poeti ambobs, `leqsTa RaribTa, ucxoTa, ro-mel ars gamokrebili. . . sparsulad hqvian majama, Seyrilad iTargmaneba~. es sagangebod SerCeuli wignebis an leqsebis krebulia, sadac poeti amkobs amqveyniur mSvenierebas, saubrobs Tavis savalalo bedze da sxv. masSi gaerTianebuli odebi aRbeWdilia Rrma li-rizmiT, poeturi siRrmiTa da moxdenili mxatvruli saxeebiT. `majama~ ara marto Teimu-razis, aramed saerTod, qarTuli poeziis saukeTeso nimuSadaa miCneuli (k. kekeliZe).

vaxtang V (igive Sahnavaz I), qarTlis mefe 1658-1676 wlebSi, Ze Teimuraz muxranbatoni-sa, rostom mefis Svilobili, muxranuli Stos fuZemdebeli qarTlis samefo taxtze.

vaxtang V dabadebula 1606 wels, Teimuraz muxranbatonis ojaxSi. baxutabeg-vaxtang batoniSvilma axalgazrdobidanve Tavi gamoiCina rostom qarTlis mefisadmi (1632-1658) erTgulebiT. igi Tan axlda rostoms SeTqmul erisTavTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobisas. far-sadan gorgijaniZis sityvebiT: am dRes muxranis batonis mamacobis qeba sTqveso. swored vaxtangma acnoba cxireTSi myof rostoms Teimuraz I-is mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Taoba-ze. 1648 wels qarTlis mefis davalebiT TianeTSi gagzavnilma vaxtang batoniSvilma sa-stikad daamarcxa Teimuraz I. rostomisadmi Tavdadebuli samsaxuriT man qarTlis mefis ndoba da siyvaruli daimsaxura. uSvilo rostom mefem memkvidris arCevani masze SeaCera. rostom mefem iranis Sahs Tavis sicocxleSive daamtkicebina vaxtang batoniSvili taxtis memkvidred. qarTlis gamgeblad daniSvnis sanacvlod iranis Sahma vaxtang batoniSvili gaamahmadiana da Sahnavazi (Sahis sunTqva) uwoda. 1658 wels rostom mefe gardaicvala. qarTlSi vaxtang V (Sahnavaz I) gamefda.

qarTlSi vaxtang V-is gamefebiT dasabami mieca bagrationTa muxranuli Stos me-fobas jer aRmosavleT _ xolo Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo taxtze (arCil II). Sahnavaz I, misi winamorbedi rostom mefis msgavsad, marTalia, qarTlSi mefed iwodebo-da, magram iuridiulad iranis Sahis didmoxele vali (didi amiri) iyo. qarTlis taxtze damtkicebisTanave sparseTis mefem Sahnavaz-xans mosTxova rostom mefis qvrivze, mariam dedofalze daqorwineba. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda gaeSva pirveli coli, yaflan baraTa-Svil-orbeliSvilis asuli rodami, romelTanac eqvsi vaJi da ori asuli hyavda, da eqor-wina mariamze.

vaxtang muxranbatonis qarTlis janiSinad daniSvnam, Semdeg ki misma gamefebam, qarTvel warCinebulTa erTi nawilis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. qarTlis erT-erTi uZlie-resi feodali zaal aragvis erisTavi, romelic winaaRmdegi iyo qarTlSi Zlieri xeli-suflebisa, Seecada win aRdgomoda mis gamefebas da jariT dadga avlabars, magram eri-sTavma veraferi moimoqmeda da iZulebuli gaxda duSeTs dabrunebuliyo. marcxis miu-xedavad, is mainc mefis winaSe qedis moxras ar apirebda da skandis cixeSi (imereTi) myof ukve xandazmul Teimuraz I-s uTvlida, `qarTlsa da kaxeTs Tqvenis meti memkvidre pa-troni arsad darComiaTo~. vaxtang V-is Tanamoazreebs CaugonebiaT TeimurazisaTvis, ar ahyoloda erisTavis mowodebas: rad gindaT amisTana sicocxleo, rom zaal erisTavi unda gagagdebs, unda gagabatonebso (farsadan gorgijaniZe).

diplomatiuri niWiT dajildoebulma qarTlis mefem advilad moaxerxa am Sidadi-nastiuri brZolis Tavidan acileba. urCi feodalis dasasjelad is xelsayrel dros eloda. vaxtangma kargad isargebla erisTavTa saxlis SigniT arsebuli konfliqtiT. man zaalis Zmiswulebs, imavdroulad Tavis diswulebs, romlebic `ganborotebulni iyvnen~ zaalisagan, 1660 wels moakvlevina zaal erisTavi (vaxuSti). amis Semdeg biZis mkvlel oTars aragvis erisTaoba, ediSers msajulTuxucesoba, iasons dedoflis saxlTuxuce-soba uwyaloba (vaxuSti). vaxtang V gabedulad Seudga qveynis gaerTianebaze zrunvas. ime-

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reTis mefis aleqsandre III-is gardacvalebis (1660) Semdeg vaxtangma imereTSi dawyebuli areulobiT isargebla da 1661 wels imereTis taxtze Tavisi ufrosi Svili _ arCili dasva. faqtobrivad vaxtangis gavlena kaxeTsac swvdeboda. amave dros, vaxtangis momxreebma daarwmunes `yovelgniT uRono-qmnili kaxT batoni Teimurazi yaenTan wasuliyo, riTac iranis gulic moigo (vaxuSti batoniSvili). amrigad, vaxtangma droebiT, magram mainc moaxerxa saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da qveyanaSi stabilurobis damyareba: `da mefobda mefe vaxtang samTave samefoTa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da imereTisa zeda da esreT gandidna da aRemata mefoba da simdidre misi saqarTvelosa Sina~ (beri egnataSvili).

magram vaxtangis Sida politikur warmatebebs safrTxe garedan daemuqra. 1639 wels iran-osmaleTs Soris dadebulma zavma aRadgina amasiis 1555 wlis pirobebi, rac niSnavda, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTis, aRmosavleTi _ iranis gavlenis sferoebad iqna aRiarebuli. arCilis imereTSi gamefebam sulTnis mwvave reaqcia gamoiwvia. Seqmnili sa-erTaSoriso politikuri viTarebis gamo vaxtang V iZulebuli gaxda arCili imereTidan gamoewvia. man mxolod sami weli (1661-1663 ww.) imefa dasavleT saqarTveloSi. imereTis taxtis sanacvlod Sah-abas II-m 1644 wels arCils kaxeTi uboZa. kaxeTis taxtze poziciebis gansamtkiceblad vaxtang da arCil mefeebs ramdenime brZolis gamarTva mouxdaT Teimu-raz I-is SviliSvilTan - erekle daviTis ZesTan (SemdgomSi erekle I nazarali-xani), ro-melsac kaxi didebulebi uWerdnen mxars. vaxtangma da arCilma gaimarjves, Tumca erekles momxre feodalebis SfoTi ar damcxrala. mefes kvlav aragvis erisTavi daupirispirda. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, `scna arCil, rameTu oTar aragvis erisTavi da Zma-ni misni ezraxvian gamefebad erekles~. zomieri sagareo-politikuri kursis mimdevari vaxtang V aragvis erisTavTan kaxeTis gamo Camovardnili konfliqtis gamo iranis SahTan urTierTobis daZabvas moerida ( aragvis erisTavs mamuli iranis Sahisagan hqonda damtki-cebuli), arCil mefes ki urCi feodalisaTvis yma-mamulis CamorTmeva surda. maSin, ro-desac oTar erisTavi iranSi gaemgzavra, arCil da vaxtang mefeebma duSeTi dalaSqres. qarTlSi dabrunebul oTars mefem daubruna erisTaoba. aragvis saerisTavos damorCile-bis Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi simSvide damyarda.

Tavad iZulebiT gamahmadianebuli qarTlis mefe yovelmxriv uwyobda xels qristia-nuli eklesiebis gaZlierebasa da moSlili qristianuli wesebis aRdgenas: vaxtangma `mata rjulsa qristianobisasa da eklesiaTa, rameTu mcdelobda, raTa rostomis ganryunilni moego kualad kualsave Tvissa, vinaiTgan Jamsa missa ziareba sisxlisa da xorcisa uflisa sircxvlad uCndaT, aman kaTalikoziT domentiT kualad Semoiyvanna aRsarebad da ziare-bad~ (vaxuSti). saeklesio saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad eklesiis saTaveSi man Caayena kaTa-likosi domenti (1660-1675 ww.), romlis xelmZRvanelobiT `ganSuendes wmidani eklesiani da monasterni da yovelnive wesni eklesiaTani ganmravldes saqarTvelosa Sina mizeziTa ZeTa mefisa SahnavazisaTa~ (beri egnataSvili). vaxtangis droindel religiur situacia-ze frangi mogzauri da vaWari Jan Sardeni werda: TbilisSi arc erTi meCeTi ar aris. miuxe-davad imisa, rom es qalaqi mahmadianur saxelmwifos ekuTvnis da mas mTeli misi mimdebare teritoriebiTurT mahmadiani mTavari ganagebs. sparselebi arafers ar iSurebdnen imi-saTvis, rom aq meCeTi aeSenebinaT, magram saqme bolomde verasodes ver miuyvaniaT. xalxi maSinve aRdgeboda xolme, iaraRiT xelSi angrevda nagebobas da sastikad uswordeboda mSeneblebs. saqarTvelos mTavrebi gulis siRrmeSi metad kmayofilni iyvnen xalxis ambo-xebebiT, Tumca garegnulad sawinaaRmdegos gamoxatavdnen (Sardeni).

vaxtangma daiwyo avbedobis Jams mosaxleobisagan daclili teritoriebis moSeneba: `aman aRaSena da ganavso qarTli, TrialeTi, taSiri, aboci, romelsa Sina kacni ara iyvnen~ (vaxuSti).

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri aRmavlobisaTvis zrunvam vaxtang V-s naTlad daanaxa vaWrobis gafarToebis aucilebloba. igi evropeli vaWrebis mosazidad mzad iyo maTTvis yovelgvari privilegia mieniWebina. `evropelebi, romlebic moisurveben Cemi qveynis gavliT indoeTSi wasvlas, am qveyanaze ukeTes gzas versad ipovniano, darwmunebuli var, Tu erTxel gaivlian am gziT, momavalSi sxva gzas aRar airCeveno - SeuTvlia mefes frangi komersantis, SardenisaTvis. Jan Sardenis am cnobam kidev erTxel warmoaCina vaxtang V-is

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sagareo politikis mizani, romelic iTvaliswinebda qarTl-kaxeTis iranis vasalad aRia-rebas da mSvidobiani gziT qarTuli saqmis keTebas.

ispahanSi arsebobda Zlieri antiqarTuli dajgufeba, romelic yoveli saSualebiT cdilobda Ziri gamoeTxara saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaken mimarTuli politikisaTvis. am dajgufebis karnaxiT Sah suleimanma (1666-1694 ) vaxtangisa da arCilis dasasusteblad kaxeTis taxtis memkvidre erekle batoniSvili gamoiyena. am dajgufebis meTauris, Seix ali xanis vaxtang mefesTan dapirispirebis mizezad vaxuSti batoniSvili mefis mier Tavi-si asulis (anuka batoniSvilis) colad micemaze uaris Tqmas asaxelebs.

Sah suleimanTan ispahans mimavali qarTlis mefe 1676 wels gzaSi gardaicvala. somxuri wyaros cnobiT, qarTlis mefis gardacvalebis sxva versias iZleva somexi mema-tiane zaqaria kanakerci: `ispahanTan miaxloebulma vaxtangma Seityo, rom Sahi mas wamebiT moklavda (lomebs miugdebda), amitom sawamlavi miiRo da aResrula~.

vaxtang V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTlis taxti misma Zem giorgi XI-m daikava.amgvarad, qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-is moRvaweobis umTavresi mizani qveynis gaerTia-

neba da gaZliereba iyo. mis xelT arsebuli diplomatiuri saSualebebiT man garkveul warmatebas miaRwia. mahmadianobis miuxedavad, vaxtang V iranis politikuri interese-bis msaxuri arasodes gamxdara. Tavisi windaxeduli politikiT qarTls simSvide da ke-TildReoba moupova. Cveni qveynis istoriaSi is Rirseul mamuliSvilad da did poli-tikur moRvawed darCa.

(masalebi mozadebulia `vikipediis~ mixedviT).

aqtivoba 3. teqstis komentirebuli kiTxva: am dros maswavlebeli mimarTavs teqstidan SerCeuli adgilebis kiTxvas, rasac Tan axlavs leqsikuri muSaoba. aqve viyenebT ̀ mxatvru-li Txrobis~ elementebsac, rac gulisxmobs gamotovebuli adgilis fabulis sxartad gadmocemas maswavleblis mier. `komentirebuli kiTxvisaTvis~ umjobesi iqneba SevarCioT Semdegi epizodebi:

1. peizaJi _ Tqveni azriT, ra mizani SeiZleba hqondes mwerals, adidebuli aragvis aRweriT? ra ganwyobas qmnis adidebuli aragvis xilva? risTvis gvamzadebs mwerali amiT?

2. kirile mRvdlis sizmari _ gaavleT paraleli saqarTvelos imdroindel mdgoma-reobasTan. risi simbolo SeiZleba iyos gveleSapi? risi simboloa alaverdi? raze unda migvaniSnebdes am zRapris dasasruli?

3. teqstSi axali personaJis gamoCena _ rogor Semohyavs mwerals es gmiri teqstSi? gamoCenisTanave misi ra Tviseba ipyrobs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?

`swored giJi unda iyo!.. TavSiSvela, uqudod rom kaci mogzaurobdes, gagonila?_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom ukvirs mxedris TavSiSveloba zaal erisTavs? (im dros

qudi mamakacis aucilebeli atributi iyo da mxolod tansacmlis funqcia ar hqonda. aqve vakvirvebT teqstis saTaurzec `baSi-aCuki~, rac pirdapir TargmanSi `uqudos~ niSnavs).

`_ imereli unda gaxlavdeT vinme! gaCeCil Tmaze fafanaki edeba da ar etyoba._ imereli?! imerels aqeT ra unda?”_ ra ukvirs zaals? rogor fiqrobT, raze migvaniSnebs es fraza? (teqstSi aRweri-

lia feodaluri daqsaqsulobisa da gaTiSulobis xana, imereTs calke samefo aqvs, amitom imerlis gamoCena aRmosavleT saqarTvelos am kuTxeSi, romelic formalurad qarTlis mefes emorCileba, marTlac saocaria).

4. dialogi axalmosulTan: `Cemi gansacdeli raRa saxsenebelia, Seni Wirime, maSin rodesac mTeli saqristiano gansacdelSia Cavardnili?!~ _ raze migvaniSnebs am fraziT mwerali? ras gulisxmobs `saqristianos gansacdelSi~? (gaavleT paraleli istoriul si-nadvilesTan).

5. werili kaxeTidan: _ rogor axasiaTebs kaxeTSi Seqmnil viTarebas biZina ColoyaSvi-li? ras sTxovs igi zaal erisTavs?

6. moulodneli stumrebi, SeTqmulTa samomavlo gegmebi _ ra poziciaze dgas zaali? rogor asabuTebs Tavis azrs? rogor asabuTeben Tavis pozicias stumrebi? riT hgavs da riT gansxvavdeba maTi Sexedulebebi?

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7. saxifaTo gadawyvetileba _ ra gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs sabolood stumar-ma-pinZeli? ra faqtorma iqonia gadamwyveti mniSvneloba zaalis dayoliebisaTvis? raze migvaniSnebs amiT mwerali?

aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba: _ sad xdeba moqmedeba? ra amZafrebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?_ ra sizmari naxa kirile mRvdelma? gadmoeciT Sinaarsi!_ rogor gamoCnda moTxrobaSi baSi-aCuki (glaxuna baqraZe)? misi ra Tvisebebi Cans

pirvelive epizodSi?_ vin gamoagzavna baSi-aCuki zaal erisTavTan da ratom?_ rogor daiTanxmes zaal aragvis erisTavi ajanyebulebisaTvis jari mieSvelebina?

ra monawileoba miiRo am saqmeSi kirile mRvdelma?_ ratom iyo uarze zaal aragvis erisTavi, monawileoba mieRo kaxeTis SeiaraRebul

ajanyebaSi? _ eTanxmebiT mis msjelobas, mis argumentebs? rogor fiqrobT, vis pozicias iziarebs mwe-

rali? ratom fiqrobT ase? (teqstSi kirile mRvdlis sizmris saSualebiT xazgasmiT aris mi-niSnebuli, rom dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg omi RvTis nebaa, romelsac veravin da veraferi aRud-geba win; magram mwerlis gamokveTili pozicia am faqtis mimarT jerjerobiT ar ikveTeba).

aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba;

aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: Sin damoukideblad waikiTxon teqstis momdevno ori Tavic, Seadginon gegma Sinaarsis TxrobiT gadmosacemad, moiniSnon teqstSi frazeolo-gizmebi (andazebi, aforizmebi), werilobiT: `mzadeba ajanyebisaTvis~ (II Tavis mixedviT), saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CaurTon citatebi.

III-IV gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebebis Semowmeba:moswavleebi klass acnoben sakuTar weriT namuSevrebs da ismenen maT Sefasebas. sa-

boloo komentars akeTebs maswavlebeli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva III pirSi Txro-bas, citatebis mizanmimarTul gamoyenebas.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gadmocema Sin winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT: ar aris aucilebli mTlianad gadmoices Sin wakiTxuli oTxive Tavis Sinaarsi,

maswavlebeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs mxolod ZiriTad, sakvanZo sakiTxebze. am mizniT viyenebT damxmare kiTxvebsac.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ romeli istoriuli personaJebi gvxvdeba teqstSi? (zaal erisTavi, Salva da

elizbar qsnis erisTavebi, kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I). daaxasiaTeT es personaJebi Seswavli-li monakveTebis mixedviT. miaqcieT yuradReba, rogor axasiaTeben Teimurazis mefobas rigiTi adamianebi. Tqveni azriT, riT aris gamowveuli maTi amgvari Sefaseba?

_ Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT daaxasiaTeT saqarTvelos imdroindeli poli-tikuri, socialuri da zneobrivi mdgomareoba (qveyana dayofilia calkeul nawilebad, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ori samefoa _ qarTlisa, romelsac ganagebs gamusulmanebuli vaxtang V, igive Sahnavazi, da kaxeTisa _ romelsac Temuraz I ganagebs. es mefeebi sparse-Tis `valebad~ iTvlebian, maTi samefoebis xelSi Casagdebad sparseTs TurqeTi ecileba, qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebi sparseTs yovelwliurad xarks uxdian, samagierod saparse-Tic `icavs~ maT TurqeTisagan da `ar exeba~ maTs enasa da sarwmunoebas. faqtebi ki sxvas metyvelebs _ gaixseneT biZina ColoyaSvilis werili. samefoebs Soris erTi SexedviT

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keTili damokidebuleba sufevs. calkea aragvisa da qsnis saerisTavoebi, misi erisTave-bi qarTlis mefis politikiT maincdamainc kmayofilebi ar Canan, Tumca aSkarad mefes _ vaxtang V-s _ ar upirispirdebian. sruliad calke moCans imereTis samefo. gaixseneT ime-reTidan gadmoxvewili glaxa baqraZis sityvebi, ̀ samSoblos~ rom emSvidobeboda. qristia-noba safrTxis winaSea, taZrebi Seuracxyves, wirva-locva aRar ismis... xalxi ukmayofiloa Seqmnili viTarebiT da amaSi, pirvel rigSi, mefeTa araswor saxelmwifo politikas Tvlis. gamusulmanebul Sah-navazs Seuracxmyofeli saxeliT (`winadacveTili~) moixsenieben. ki-dev ufro ukmayofiloni arian kaxelebi Teimuraz I-is politikiT. teqstSi aSkarad ikve-Teba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (kaxeTis samefos) politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi _ ro-meli dampyrobi `sjobs~: qristianuli ruseTi Tu mahmadianuri sparseTi. rac Seexeba ga-naTlebasa da mwerlobas, rogorc teqstidan irkveva, sasulieroze metad axalgazrdobas saero mwerloba ufro izidavs, amis gamoa, rom saxarebaze metad `vefxistyaosans~ kiTxu-loben da mis gmirebs baZaven. miuxedavad qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri da poli-tikuri viTarebisa, qarTuli mwerloba viTardeba. amis nimuSia Teimuraz I-is Semoqmedeba.

_ Tqveni azriT, romeli literaturuli gmiria Tavidan bolomde avtoris fantaziis nayofi? ras vgebulobT teqstidan mis Sesaxeb? glaxo baqraZis (igive baSi-aCuki) romel Tvisebebs gamoyofT? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT.

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom Semoiyvana mwerlma imereli personaJi nawarmoebSi? (pasu-xi: amiT surs xazi gausvas, rom kaxeTSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba saerTo qarTuli satkivaria).

aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba: _ Tqven unda mogeniSnaT wakiTxul teqstSi frazeologizmebi. romel andazebs iye-

nebs mwerali Txrobisas? (èrTi xidan baric gamova da niCabic~, `cixe Signidan gatyde-ba~, `sifrTxiles Tavi ar astkiva~, `Tofi meTofes da meTofe sofelso~, èrTi mercxlis WikWiki gazafxuls ver moiyvanso~...);

_ romel aforizmebs vxvdebiT am teqstSi? (`mteri moyvrulad mosuli mterzedac uaresiao~, ìgi wava da sxva mova turfasa sabaRnarosa~, `sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa sikvdili saxelovani~...);

_ sad ufro xSirad gvxvdeba es frazeologizmebi _ avtoriseul Tu personaJis metyvelebaSi? (andazebi ZiriTadad personaJebis metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba; aforizmebi _orive SemTxvevaSi);

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom mimarTavs am xerxs avtori? (ufro gamomsaxveli rom gaxa-dos maTi metyveleba, andaza personaJs xSirad Tavisi mosazrebis gasamyareblad sWirde-ba).

sagangebo yuradRebas moiTxovs agreTve dialeqtizmebi, romelic yovel gakveTilze iqceva saTanado dakvirvebis sagnad: baxi (imer. Uvargisi cxeni), buWula (imer. patara wi-sqvili), Telxi (imer. sio), gasisindeboda (aq: gaZReboda, gaibereboda)...

aqve vakvirvebT mwerlis mier mxatvruli xerxebis: Sedareba (`gveliviT moiklaknebo-da CuxCuxa aragvi~...), metaforis (àduRebuli aragvis wyali~...) gamoyenebis SemTxvevebze, idiomatur frazebze (`SiSis qari~...), ficilis formebze (`Tqveni risxva nu momecema~, `Tu giyvarde~...), saliteraturo enidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebze (ìjdnen~, `samive dadumdnen~, `miayvires orivem~...), winadadebis tipebze modalobis mixedviT da maTTan saTanado sasve-ni niSnebis gamoyenebaze...

aqtivoba 5. teqstis komentirebuli kiTxva: moswavleebi maswavleblis komentirebiT kiTxuloben teqstis me-5 Tavs.

I. Sah-abasis politika kaxeTSi._ rogor aris teqstSi aRwerili Sah-abasis sisxliani terori kaxeTSi?_ riT aris es teritoria misTvis gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli?_ rogoria mtris TvaliT danaxuli kaxeTi?

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_ rogor cvlis dampyrobi Tavis politikas? _ ra Sedegi gamoiRo am politikam qveyanaSi?..

II. kaxeTis mebatone biZina ColoyaSvili._ riT gamoirCeva biZina Tavis Tanamedrove sxva Tavadebisagan? ras vgebulobT mis

Sesaxeb teqstidan? rogoria mis mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebuleba?

III. jandieris stumroba._ riT iqcevs biZa-disSvilis dialogi mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? riT gansxvavdeba maTi

poziciebi?_ biZina ColoyaSvilis ra Tvisebebs gvacnobs aq mwerali? rogor, ra mxatvruli

xerxebis gamoyenebiT aRwevs amas?_ ra molodins qmnis mkiTxvelSi biZina ColoyaSvilis principuloba?

IV. moulodneli gadawyvetileba. _ Tqveni azriT, risTvis dasWirda mwerals alaznis peizaJze yuradRebis gamaxvile-

ba? risTvis qmnis aq fons mSobliuri bunebis aRwera?_ ra gadawyvetilebamde midis biZina? ramdenad gamarTlebuli moCans misi es ga-

dawyvetileba Seqmnil viTarebaSi?

aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba:

aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: waikiTxon teqstis me-5, me-6, me-7, me-8 Tavebi, Seadginon gegma Sinaarsis gadmosacemad, moZebnon da moiniSnon teqstSi dialeqtizmebi, arqaizmebi, saliteraturo enidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi; aagon werilobiTi teqsti saxelmZRvanelo-Si miTiTebuli erT-erTi andazis mixedviT.

V-VI gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. weriTi namuSevrebis analizi da Sefaseba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxuli monakveTebis Sinaarsis gadmocema gabmuli TxrobiT.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba da Sefaseba:_ ram ganapiroba Sah-abasis politikis Secvla kaxeTSi? qarTvelebis ra Tviseba

gamoiyena veragma Sahma? ra daisaxa miznad Sahma? (`jer unda sxeuli daudundes, suli daumdabldes da mere, mxolod mere SeiZleba misi modreka~).

_ ra Sedegi mohyva am politikis Secvlas? rogor aRwers mwerali qveynis zneobriv gaxrwnas?

_ eris TviTmyofadobisaTvis, teqstis mixedviT, ra aris aucilebeli? (rjuli/ sarwmunoeba da ena).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ra ufro saSiSi iyo qveynisTvis: fizikuri ganadgureba Tu zneo-brivi gadagvareba? (moswavleebs eZlevaT azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis saSualeba, mTava-ria, SeZlon mosazrebis dasabuTeba. moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri sainteresoa).

_ `ena SeibRala, did ojaxebSi qarTulad laparaki kidec ercxvinebodaT... samarTali ucxo enaze iyo, wirva-locvis da galobis kilo Seicvala, mRvdelmTavrebis moadgiled axundebi gaxdnen da msajul-moZRvrebad _ mola-yadebi~, _ ase aRwers mwerali XVII s-is Sua xanebis qarTl-kaxeTs. gaixseneT akakis Tanamedrove saqarTvelo (XIX s-is meore naxe-vari: saxelmwifo ena _ rusuli, swavleba rusul enazea, wirva-locvac aseve, msajulebad rusi moxeleebi, romlebic wyalobas _ Cin-medlebs _ ar akleben `ganaTlebul~ qarTve-lebs) da gaavleT paralelebi. rogor fiqrobT, ra alegoriuli datvirTva aqvs am adgils

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teqstSi? riT hgavs igi akakis Tanamedrove yofas? risTvis dasWirda mwerals istoriis gacocxleba?

_ romeli personaJi qmnis teqstSi moRalate qarTvelebis ganzogadebul saxes? (mayaSvili).

_ amgvari qarTvelebisTvis ra aris mTavari? rogoria maT mimarT sparsuli xelisu-flebis damokidebuleba? qarTveli xalxisa?..

_ kidev romeli medrove qarTvelebis saxeebia teqstSi naCvenebi? (abaSiZe, jandieri, wereTeli). daakvirdiT: romel fenas ekuTvnian es medroveni? Tqveni azriT, raze migva-niSnebs amiT mwerali?

_ romeli axali personaJebi Semohyavs mwerals teqstSi? ras vgebulobT maT Sesaxeb teqstidan? riTi ipyroben isini mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?..

aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba:winadadebis modalobaze dakvirveba _ Zaxilis winadadeba, brZanebiTi winadadeba.

maTTan dakavSirebuli intonaciur-punqtuaciuri sakiTxebi;sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi; teqstSi saTanado adgilebis moZebna;mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba;frazeologizmebze dakvirveba;literaturuli enis normebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi, mravlis aRmniSvneli sityva

arsebiT saxelTan. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sruldeba saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli da-valeba.

aqtivoba 5. teqstis momdevno nawilebis (me-9 _ me-11 Tavebi) komentirebuli kiTxva.

aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.

aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: teqstis modevno nawilebis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Se-adginon gegma, dasaweri: `Tavganwirva~ (me-10 Tavis mixedviT).

VII-VIII gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebebis analizi da komentireba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis nawil-nawil gadmocema winaswar Sedegenili gegmis mixedviT.

aqtivoba 3. teqstis gaazreba:_ vis uwodebs mwerali `gavardnilebs~? ra mizani aqvs maT moqmedebas? rogor

fiqrobT, sworia maT mier arCeuli brZolis gza? (am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba erTgvari minidiskusiac ki Catardes).

_ romeli axali personaJebi Semohyavs mwerals nawarmoebSi? riT iqcevs yuradRebas abduSahili?

_ igi, rogorc mtris saxe, amovardnilia saerTo konteqstidan. ra xerxs mimarTavs misi portretis dasaxatavad mwerali? riT gansxvavdeba igi yizilbaSebisagan?

_ teqstSi mwerals personaJi qalebic Semohyavs. riT iqceven es qalebi (melano, pi-rimzisa, pirimTvarisa) mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? Tqveni azriT, ramdenad realuria maTi saxeebi? ratom fiqrobT ase?

_ rogor fiqrobT, ra mizani aqvs mwerlis mxridan am gmirebis idealizacias? ratom iyenebs am xerxs avtori?

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aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba: a) barbarizmebi _ teqstSi uxvad gvxvdeba nawarmoebSi asaxuli epoqisaTvis damaxasia-

Tebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi. es, upirveles yovlisa, barbarizmebs exeba: baS-usta (diax, batono _ Turq.), `Saitan, Saitan~, `aferum~ (`satana, satana~, `baraqala~ _ spars.), axundi (sp. moZRvari, maswavlebeli), ̀ salavaTi~ (arab.). am aRmosavluri barbarizmebis gamoyenebiT mwerali qmnis saTanado istoriul fons epoqisas, romelSic mis gmirebs uxdebaT cxo-vreba. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom erT-erTi personaJis (Timsal-makos) metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba rusuli barbarizmi `derciki~, rac albaT mwerals Segnebulad ar unda hqondes gamoyenebuli.

b) antonimur wyvilebze dakvirveba:„maSin, netarebiT gabruebuls, maRliT ca exsneboda, da axla ki, ubedurebiT sul-

SexuTuls, dedamiwa uskdeboda!~ _ moZebneT mocemul winadadebaSi antonimuri wyvilebi: 1) erTsityviani (maSin _ axla);

2) ori sityvisgan Semdgari (netarebiT gabruebuli _ ubedurebiT sulSexuTuli); 3) anto-nimuri frazeologizmebi (ca exsneboda _ dedamiwa uskdeboda).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs am xerxs mwerali? (ufro zusti, mravlismTqmeli da xatovani rom gaxados nawarmoebis mxatvruli qsovili).

g) saliteraturo normebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi (qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi araswori formiT Sewyoba, I piris formebTan piris niSnebis gamotoveba).

amgvari cdomilebebis erT-erT mizezi mwerlis sasaubro metyvelebasTan daaxloebis survili unda iyos: `me ver vaxerxeb kecad-kecad saubars da yovelTvis ubralo sityve-biT, mdabio qarTuliT gamovTqvam xolme Cems azrsa~ (akaki).

d) winadadebis wevrebze dakvirveba _ zmna-Semasmeneli, misi raoba, funqciebi, gamo-xatvis saSulebani.

aqtivoba 5. teqstis momdevno nawilis komentirebuli kiTxva:komentireba keTdeba Semdeg epizodebze:

1. moulodneli ajanyeba;2. kaxeTi ajanyebis Semdeg;3. Sahis werili;4. darbazoba vaxtangis karze;5. saerTo gadawyvetileba.wakiTxulis gaazrebisaTvis daismis Semdegi kiTxvebi:_ rogoria Sah-abasis politika gamarjvebulebis mimarT? ra xerxs mimarTa man?_ rogor fiqrobT, riT aris ganpirobebuli Sahnavazis ormagi politika dampyrobis

mimarT? daaxasiaTeT mefe vaxtangi am epizodebis mixedviT._ ra saSiSroebis winaSe dadga qarTli kaxelebis am ajanayebis Semdeg? _ ra poziciaze dganan didebulebi?_ rogor asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas zaal erisTavi? ramdenad misaRebad migaCniaT

misi es mosazreba? am personaJis ra Tvisebebi ikveTeba am monakveTSi?_ gansakuTrebiT romeli gmiri iqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?_ ra mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs mwerali elizbar erisTavis naazrevis gadmosacemad?

ra STabeWdilebas axdens es gmiri amiT darbazze?_ piradad Tqvenze ra STabeWdileba moaxdina am epizodma? ramdenad damajereblad

SeZlo mweralma gadmoeca gmirebis ganwyoba da suliskveTeba?..


aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: a) teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Seadginon momdevno Tavebis gegma; b) aagon weriTi Txzuleba `kaxeTis mxsnelebi~; g) teqstSi mocemulia ori gvaris istoria, survilis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebma Tavadac moiZion masala sakuTari gvaris Sesaxeb.

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IX-X gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebis Semowmeba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxuli Sinaarsis gadmocema winaswar Sedgenili gemis mixedviT. yuradReba maxvildeba sakvanZo sakiTxebze: Sahis werilsa da samefo karis darbazo-

bis scenaze, im mxatvrul xerxebze, romelTac mwerali iyenebs Txrobisas.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis Sejameba, mTliani teqstis literaturul-mxatvruli analizi:_ erTxel kidev gavixsenoT istoriuli faqtebi am ajanyebis Sesaxeb: „XVII saukuneSi kaxeTSi sparsuli agresia mZvinvarebda. kaxeTis sabolood gasanadgu-

reblad sparselma dampyroblebma gadawyvites adgilobrivi mosaxleoba aeyaraT da mis adgilas 80000 Turqmani CaesaxlebinaT. sparselebma baxtrionis cixe da alaverdis mona-steri cixesimagreebad gadaakeTes. aq gamagrebul sparseTis jars Casaxlebuli Turqmane-bi qarTvelTa Tavdasxmisagan unda daecva.

kaxeTi didi safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda. TurqmanTa Casaxlebis winaaRmdeg daiwyo saxalxo moZraoba, romelSic mosaxleobis didi nawili Caeba. ajanyebas saTaveSi Caud-ga zaal aragvis erisTavi. uSualo organizatorebi iyvnen biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi. ajanyebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes TuS-fSav-xevsurebma zezva gafrindaulis, nadira xoSaraulisa da gogolauris meTaurobiT.

1659 wels qarTvelebi gaerTianebuli ZaliT Tavs daesxnen baxtrionisa da alaverdis cixeebs da mTlianad amowyvites iq gamagrebuli TaTrebi. ase rom, qarTvel mamuliSvilTa Tavdadebam kaxeTi gadaSenebisgan ixsna.

biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi sparseTSi sastikad awames. qarTulma eklesiam isini wmindanebad Seracxa.

ajanyebis moTave mTielebi xalxma mraval leqssa da simReraSi ukvdavyo. am isto-riul movlenas miuZRvna akaki wereTelma moTxroba „baSi-aCuki~, xolo vaJa-fSavelam po-ema „baxtrioni~.

_ ra masala aiRo mweralma istoriidan ucvlelad? (Tavad istoriuli faqti _ kaxe-Tis ajanyeba, Camosaxlebuli ulusebis gaJleta, Semoiyvana istoriuli pirebi, istori-idan aris cnobili misi organizatorebis tragikuli xvedric...).

_ romeli istoriuli faqtia nawilobriv Secvlili? (zaal aragvis erisTavi faqto-brivad ajanyebis sulisCamdgmeli da xelmZRvaneli iyo, aq ki mwerali mas ajanyebis erT-erT monawiled warmogvidgens mxolod; aseve _ istoriidan cnobilia, rom kaxeTis am ajanyebaSi mTavari gmirebi ubralo adamianebi iyvnen, xalxurma sityvierebam maTi saxe-lebic Semogvinaxa, magram teqstSi mwerali dums maT Sesaxeb/cvlis am saxalxo gmirebis saxelebs...).

_ mwerlis ra mxatvruli gamonagoni daemata amas? (Semoiyvana literaturuli perso-naJebi _ baSi-aCuki, misi debi, abduSahili, melano, wereTlis asuli... amas daemata samijnu-ro epizodebi, qarTveli qalis sarwmunoebis da mamulisaTvis Tavganwirvis magaliTebi...).

_ rogor fiqrobT, rogor epyroba mwerali istoriul masalas? (nawilobriv cvlis mas, magram ise, rom ar amaxinjebs mTavar faqts).

_ ratom akeTebs amas? (mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis saintereso rom iyos aq gadmo-cemuli ambavi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es iqneboda istoriuli qronika da ara mxatvruli nawarmoebi).

aqve vaZlevT fabulisa da siuJetis ganmartebebs._ modiT, gavmijnoT erTmaneTisagan istoriuli sinamdvile da mxatvruli gamonagoni

(aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT wyvilebSi muSaoba: wyvilis erTi wevri Camowers teqstSi gaSuqe-bul istoriul faqtebs, meore _ mwerlis gamonagons).

_ gavecnoT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb literaturis kritikaSi gamoTqmul `Tvalsazriss~:`akaki wereTels arasodes itacebda warsuli, rogorc dokumenti, amitomac gaurbis

igi istoriul detalebs. mis istoriul moTxrobaSi adgili ara aqvs daTmobili saxlis

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mowyobilobaTa, TviT gmirTa garegnobis aRwerilobas, maT xasiaTebsa da yofa-cxovre-bis asaxvas. maTi adgili `baSi-aCukSi~ zRaprul motivebs uWiravs. ... akakis arc hqonia ganzraxuli, rom wminda istoriuli moTxroba daewera. man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTve-lo gadaitana XVII saukuneSi da amgvarad kidev ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi drois saqarTvelosi~ (demna Sengelaia).

_ `baSi-aCukis~ gacnobis Semdeg eTanxmebiT Tu ara am mosazrebas? rogor fiqrobT, marTla gaurbis mwerali istoriuli detalebis Cvenebas? (nawilobriv gaurbis, Tumca cdilobs, rom personaJTa metyvelebiT, bunebis suraTebis aRweriT, istoriuli perso-naJebis SemoyvaniT gaacocxlos is garemo, sadac es moqmedeba xdeboda).

_ `man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTvelo gadaitana XVII saukuneSi da amgvarad kidev ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi drois saqarTvelosi~, _ weria `TvalsazrisSi~. rogor fiqrobT, rogor SeZlo es mweralma? ra akavSirebs teqstSi aRweril istoriul faqtsa da XIX saukunis meore naxevris saqarTvelos? (orive SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo dapyrobilia da waSlilia politikuri rukidan, Tu XVII saukuneSi saqarTvelos calkeul samefoebs formalurad mainc hyavdaT mefeebi, axla qarTveli mefe ruseTis mefisnacval-ma Secvala, masac zustad is politika hqonda qarTvelebis mimarT, romelsac mwerali ̀ ba-Si-aCukSi~ dawvrilebiT aRwers. rogorc istoriidan gaxlavT cnobili, ruseTmac Tavisi samxedro mmarTveloba samoqalaqo mmarTvelobiT Secvala, ramac, marTlia, eri fizikur ganadgurebas gadaarCina, magram zneobrivad gadaagvara. mwerali kargad icnobs Tavis TanamedroveTa yofas da yvelaze metad qveynis es zneobrivi gadagvareba uklavs guls; awuxebs qarTuli tradiciebis ugulebelyofa, qarTuli enis SezRudva... amis Sesaxeb is Tamamad saubrobs warsul droSi, aseve Tamamad saubrobs medroveobaze, rogorc qveynis daRupvis erT-erT mTavar mizezze, jandieris msgavsi medroveebiT akakis Tanamedrove saqarTvelo sakmaod `mdidari~ iyo.

_ Tqveni azriT, ra mizani hqonda akaki wereTels, `baSi-aCuks~ rom werda? (erTi mxriv, surda, rom gaexsenebina qarTvelebisaTvis Cveni qveynis warsulis erT-erTi saama-yo furceli, romelsac albaT bevri arc icnobda; meore mxriv _ Tavis TanamedroveebSi aReZra protestis grZnoba mefis ruseTis mimarT, gamoefxizlebina eri).

aqtivoba 4. `ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs~: akaki wereTlis `baSi-aCukze~ muSaoba swored am sqemiT daiwyo. teqstis wakiTxvamde

moswavleebma Seavses grafa `ra vicodi~, axla erToblivad avseben grafas `ra gavige~; `ris gageba mainteresebs~ ivseba individualurad TiToeuli moswavlis mier.

aqtivoba 5. `ra dagamaxsovrda klasis datovebis Semdeg~:moswavleebi furclebze weren, ra daamaxsovrdaT am masalidan klasis datovebis

Semdeg; naweri survilisamebr SeiZleba gaacnon partniors (mewyviles), mTel klass, an Caabaron mxolod maswavlebels.


aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: 1) Seswavlili teqstis irgvliv Camoweron 4-5 iseTi sa-kiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac siamovnebiT da didi interesiT daweren, amave dros, moiZion da-matebiTi informacia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (repeticia akademiuri werisaTvis); 2) erTxel kidev gadaxedon teqsts, moiniSnon saliteraturo enis normebidan gadaxvevis faqtebi, aqve miuTiTon, rodis iyenebs maT mwerali (personaJis/avtoriseul metyvelebaSi), ratom iyenebs (a) cdilobs Seqmnas foni; b) ar icis swori forma; g) surs dauaxlovdes xalxur metyvelebas.

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XI-XII gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba:moswavleebs unda moeZiebinaT teqstSi saliteraturo enis normebidan gadaxvevis

SemTxvevebi da daefiqsirebinaT Tavisi azri _ ratom, ra mizeziT, ra mizniT iyenebs mwerali am formebs.

akakis enis Taviseburebebs moswavleebi teqstis damuSavebis procesSi gzadagza akvirdebodnen, axla ki gamTliandeba da sistemaSi mova es codna.

a) fonetikuri movlenebi, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi imeruli dialeqtis gavlenas unda mieweros: `zaali ki Tavs veRar axwevda~ (asimilacia), `gaduSva azvirTebul wyalSi~ (zmniswiniseuli xmovnis dakargva), àmixseni, Tvara goneba mekargeba~ (o bgeris Secvla va kompleqsiT), `Savi oxSivari komliviT amouSva~ (va kompleqsis o-d qceva) ... amgvari SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad personaJTa metyevlebaSi gvxvdeba.

b) morfologiuri movlenebi: èseebi yvela gadaeci baSi-aCuksa~, àmaebs Zalian gul-modginebiT iZaxda~ (CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli eb-iani mr. formiT gvxvdeba); `baSi-aCuks raT geZaxiano?~ `Cven raT gavuxdeT mizezad~ (viT. brunvis niSnis araswori gamoyeneba), `de-dasTan erTad tyved wauyvanivar~, `qveyana gavakvirvoT da mters Tvalebi dauyen oT~ (I pi ris sub. piris niSnis gamotoveba u xmovniT dawyebul fuZeebTan), `caze varskvlavebi akiafden~, `wadi, sTxove, mobrZanden~ (-nen daboloebis nacvlad-en bolosarTis gamoye-neba wyvetilis mesame piris mr. ricxvis formebTan, rac saerTod aris damaxasiaTebeli akakis enisTvis), àr gijobsT, rom winaRudgeT uwmindurs!~, `Cems meti aravin hyavsT~, ìmereli unda gaxldesT~ (sub. III piris niSnis _ s _ SenarCuneba ob. mr. niSanTan erTad)...

g) sintaqsuri movlenebi: `yvela TaTrebma~, òri debi~ (darRveulia mravlis aRmni-Svnel sityvasTan arsebiTi saxelis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba), `yvela uyurebden~, `samive da-dumden~ (darRveulia qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis wesi) „masTan erTad sxva axalgazrdebia~ (aq vawvdiT wess Sedgenili Semasmenlis Sekvecili formis Sesaxeb _ Tu Sedgenili Semasmenlis saxeladi nawili sulier sagans aRniSnavs da mravlobT ricxvSia, ma-sTan damxmare „aris~ zmnis mravlobiTi ricxvis formas viyenebT, romelic ar ikveceba).

aRsaniSnavia, rom es da msgavsi darRvevebi ZiriTadad personaJTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba. igi emsaxureba, erTi mxriv _ personaJTa daxasiaTebas, meore mxriv ki, rogorc Tavad mwerali aRniSnavda, samwerlo enis sasaubro enasTan daaxloebas (`...mdabio qarTu-liT gamovTqvam xolme Cems azrsa~). aqve SeiZleba gavacnoT ramdenime amonaridi, romleb-Sic mwerali sagulisxmo SeniSvnebs gamoTqvams saliteraturo enis Sesaxeb:

`Cven, inteligentebma, ena ar viciT da veZalebiT SeTxzvas, maSin, rodesac is wminda qarTuli sityvebi xalxSi darCenila da Cven ki ar viciT~.

`me mgonia, cxadi iyos yvelasTvis, rom saqarTvelos erTianobis dros enac erTi

gvqonia, Rrmad SemuSavebuli da wesieradac dakanonebuli... samefos gayofisa da da-calkevebis Semdeg enasac xrwnileba Separvia, adgilobrivi kilo miuRia da ise Selaxula, rom dRes is kanonieri ena aRarsad ismis~.

`samwerlo da sadarbaislo qarTuli imaT (megrelebma) Cvenze naklebad ar ician. me-gruli dRes salaroa namdvili qarTuli sityvebisa. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dahkargvia namdvili qarTuli sityvebi, maT nacvlad somxur-sparsul-TaTruli SemouRia, romelic qarTulis yurs cudad eCxireba da gulsa swyins... da megrul enaSi ki Senaxulan obol margalitebad is Zveli sityvebi. Cven vurCevT Cvens mwerleb-mwignobrebs meti yuradRe-ba miaqcion megruls, rom iqidan amokrebil sityvebiT Seavson maTi Selaxuli qarTuli leqsikoni. es rom asea, yvelam viciT~.

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aqtivoba 2. jgufuri muSaoba: SeiZleba mwerlis enaze dakvirvebis mizniT mivmar-ToT jgufur muSaobas: klasi iyofa ramdenime jgufad. pirvel jgufs vavalebT moiZion teqstis me-5 TavSi aforizmebi, II jgufs _ andazebi, III jgufs _ dialeqtizmebisa da barba-rizmebis nimuSebi, IV jgufs _ saliteraturo enis normidan gadaxvevis faqtebi, V jgufs _ idiomaturi gamoTqmebi saTanado SesatyvisebiT (Cven amjerad arCevani am Tavze imis gamo SevaCereT, rom igi sakmaod mdidaria amgvari formebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia misi Secvla).

aqtivoba 3. strategia `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~. am mizniT aseve saintereso SeiZleba aRmoCndes (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs literaturuli masalis integrireba enobrivTan) e. w. `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~.

meTodis aRwera:

pirvel striqonze iwereba erTi arsebiTi saxeli, romelsac am teqstisaTvis sakvan-Zo mniSvneloba aqvs.

meore striqonze iwereba am arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli ori zedsarTavi saxe-li;

mesame striqonze _ am arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli sami zmna;meoTxe striqonze _ am arsebiTi saxelis gamoyenebiT oTxsityviani winadadeba;mexuTe striqonze _ sityva, romelic kravs da amTlianebs yvela danarCen sityvasa da

frazas.

nimuSi:

baSi-aCuki

Tavdadebuli, erTguli

ibrZvis, uyvars, imarjvebs

Seubralebelia qveynis mtrebTan brZolaSi

gmiri

aqtivoba 4. personaJTa daxasiaTeba _ am mizniT SeiZleba SevadginoT calkeuli gmiri-saTvis `rukac~, sadac aRiniSneba gmiris Tviseba da am Tvisebis damadasturebeli adgili teqstidan.

aqtivoba 5. samodelo weris gakveTili:

meTodis aRwera:a) repeticia _ wina gakveTilze moswavleebs vTxoveT individualurad CamoeweraT

TemasTan (`baSi-aCuki~) dakavSirebiT 4-5 iseTi sakiTxi, romelsac siamovnebiT da didi interesiT gaaSuqebdnen, unda moeZiebinaT saWiro masalac am sakiTxebis irgvliv (am etapze xdeba ara mxolod sakiTxebis SerCeva, aramed maT Sesaxeb yvela SesaZlo informa-ciis, Sexedulebisa da ideis moZieba; savaraudo sakiTxebi: istoriuli sinamdvile `baSi-aCukSi~; mxatvruli gamonagoni `baSi-aCukSi~; qalTa saxeebi `baSi-aCukSi~, abduSahilis saxecvla.. ).

b) Temis SerCeva _ amis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT: 1. dawyvildnen (an Cveni Sexedule-bisamebr davawyvilebT); 2. daexmaron mewyviles Temis SerCevaSi (am dros SeiZleba erTma-neTs dausvan kiTxvebi: ratom SearCie maincdamainc es sakiTxi? ra informacias flob am sakiTxis irgvliv? ramdenad aqtualurad migaCnia es sakiTxi sadReisod?..); 3. CainiSnon mewyvilis dasmuli sakiTxebi, radgan es weris procesis dagegmvasa da naSromis daxvewaSi

30

daexmarebaT; 4. gadaxedon rveulSi CaniSnul SekiTxvebs da SearCion Tema, romelic sain-teresoa, amasTanave, mis Sesaxeb garkveul informaciasac floben.

g) monaxazis Seqmna _ amas SeiZleba gegmis an asociaciuri rukis saxe hqondes. iqmneba ramdenime varianti, romelic mewyvilesTan erTad ganixileba;

d) Txzulebis pirveladi variantis Seqmna _ ganvusazRvravT dros individualuri naSromis Sesaqmnelad (20-25 wT); weris damTavrebis Semdeg mewyvilesTan erTad ganixila-ven naSroms da gamoTqvamen mosazrebas erTmaneTis nawerze, SeiZleba erTmaneTs miscen rCevebic, romelsac survilisamebr gaiTvaliswineben.

e) gadasinjva da redaqtireba _ es aris naSromSi SemCneuli Secdomebis aRmoCena da Casworeba. am dros mewyvileebma SeiZleba erTmaneTSi gacvalon naSromebi, waikiTxon da SemCneul Secdomebze miuTiTon erTmaneTs;

v) naSromi auditoriis samsjavroze gamodis _ moswavleebi klasTan erTad ganixila-ven sakuTar naSromebs. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT e.w. `saavtoro skamic~.

ra Tqma unda, am meTodis gamoyeneba Tavad maswavleblis survilzea damokidebuli. `weris samodelo gakveTilis~ nacvlad mas warmatebiT SeuZlia tradiciuli `saklaso we-ris gakveTilis~ Catarebac misTvis sasurvel Temaze.


mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesabamisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan:

qarT. VIII. 1. moswavles SeuZlia konkretul sakiTxebze msjelobis mosmena da sakuTari Tvalsazrisis warmodgena auditoriis winaSe.

qarT. VIII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos teqstebi (mxatvru-li da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicaven garkveul Tvalsazriss an msjelobas konkre-tul sakiTxebze.

qarT. VIII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia nawarmoebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaanalizeba. qarT. VIII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia mxatvruli xerxebisa da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis

codnis gamoyeneba teqstebis gasaanalizeblad. qarT. VIII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiT gadmosces sakuTari Tvalsazrisi, imsje-

los konkretul sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis moxmobiT. qarT. VIII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia weris strategiebis gamoyeneba naweris efeqturi or-

ganizebisaTvis.

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masala: SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ (TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa, TaTbiri avTandilisa, TaTbiri tarielisa) arqaizmebi

miznebi:

• poeturi teqstis aRqma;• informaciis miReba da gadacema moswavleTa mier;• leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba;• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis CvevaTa gamomuSaveba;• Seswavlili teqstis mixedviT personaJis warmosaxviTi portretis Seqmna;• kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba;• weris strategiebis daufleba;• kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba;• zneobriv-esTetikur RirebulebaTa Camoyalibeba.

I gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentaci (10-12 wT).

aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (5-7 wT): am etapze maswavlebels SeuZlia sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba, kerZod:

a) asociaciuri ruka _ meTodis aRwera: 1) dafis an furclis centrSi vwerT ZiriTad sityvas (`vefxistyaosani~/ SoTa rusTaveli); 2) Semdeg Camoiwereba is sityvebi da fraze-bi, romlebic moswavleTa warmodgenaSi am sityvasTan asocirdeba; 3) isrebiT erTmaneT-Tan vaerTebT iseT sityvebsa da frazebs, romlebic azrobrivad erTmaneTTan aris da-kavSirebuli (es meTodi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba gamowvevis fazaze).

b) sqema: `vici _ gavige/viswavle _ ris gageba mainteresebs~. am sqemis pirveli grafa `vici~ ivseba gamowvevis fazaSi, `gavige/viswavle~ da `ris gageba mainteresebs~ wakiTxu-lis gaazrebisa da Sejamebis fazaSi;

g) maswavleblis tradiciuli Sesavali saubari.damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris vinaobis Se-

saxeb arsebuli mTeli masala SeiZleba oTx nawilad dajgufdes: 1) Tavad poemis teqsti (prologi da epilogi); 2) palestinis jvris monastris warwera da iqve gamosaxuli freska; 3) zepiri tradicia _ xalxis mier Taobidan TaobisTvis gadmocemuli sxvadasxva masalad; 4) XVI- XVII ss-is qarTuli mwerloba.

poemaSi naxsenebi informacia avtoris Sesaxeb maswavleblisTvis Cvengan dakonkre-tebas ar saWiroebs; rac Seexeba palestinis jvris monasterSi gamosaxul freskasa da saTanado warweras, moswavleTa erTi nawilisaTvis igi ukve cnobilia wina klasebidan. am freskis Sesaxeb pirvel cnobas gvawvdis XVIII s-is saeklesio moRvawe da mogzauri ti-moTe gabaSvili: `jvris monasteri daZvelebula da gumbaTis qveda sveti gauaxlebia da dauxatvinebia mTqmelsa leqsTa borotTa, romelmac aswavla qarTvelTa siwmidnis wil bilweba da garyvna qristianoba... SoTas vityvi rusTvelsa meWurWleTuxucess, TiTonac Sig xatia moxucebuli~ (t. gabaSvili, `mimosvla~, 1956, gv. 80). 1845 w-s aq imogzaura peter-burgis universitetis profesorma d. CubinaSvilma, romelmac naxa es portreti; am por-tretis aq arseboba daadastura al. cagarelmac 1883 w-s, magram 1902 w-s niko mars aq igi aRar daxvedria. igi Savi saRebaviT daufaravT eklesiis imdroindel mesveurT, romel-Tac iq qarTuli kvalis waSla surdaT. 1960 wlis cnobil eqspedicias, romlis Semadgen-lobaSic akaki SaniZe, giorgi wereTeli da irakli abaSiZe imyofebodnen, didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda am portretisa da warweris aRsadgenad. mkvlevarTa azriT, freskaze gamoxatu-lia didgvarovani maRali Tanamdebobis piri. igi gamosaxaulia cnobil filosofosTa _

32

ioane damaskelsa da maqsime aRmasarebels _ win muxlmodrekili: `amis damxatavsa SoTa (s) Seundves RmerTman amin~. suraTs qvemoT aqvs warwera: `rusTveli~. rogorc cnobilia, es freska bolo wlebSi ramdenjerme kidev daazianes.

amis gamo TiTqos SeiZleba sarwmunod miviCnioT xalxuri gadmocema, rom sicocxlis bolo wlebi SoTa rusTavels ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gautarebia. am cnobas mxars uWers monastris saaRape wignis aRwerilobac, romelSiac moxseniebulia SoTa meWurWleT-uxucesi. freskaze gamosaxuli piri da saaRape wignSi naxsenebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesi erTi da igive piri unda iyos (el. metreveli, SeniSvnebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesis aRapisa da SoTa rusTavelis freskis irgvliv, saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, 1961, #3).

poemis avtorad rusTavels miiCneven XVI_XVII ss-is moRvaweni: serapion gabaSvili, Teimuraz pirveli, arCili.

rac Seexeba zepir gadmocemas rusTavelis Sesaxeb, aq wina planzea wamoweuli misi ui-medo trfoba Tamar mefis mimarT, ris gamoc igi saqarTvelodan ierusalimSi gadaxvewila da iq berad aRkvecila. am gadmocemis mixedviT, mas ganaTleba jer saqarTveloSi _ iyal-Tos akademiaSi _ miuRia, Semdeg saberZneTSi dausrulebia (an piriqiT _ jer saberZneTSi da Semdeg _ saqarTveloSi). igi didad dawinaurebula samefo karze da maRali Tanamde-bobisTvisac miuRwevia. mainc romeli rusTavis mkvidri iyo igi? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs zusti pasuxi. mkvlevarTa nawili mas mesxeTis mkvidrad miiCnevs, am mosazrebas TiTqos ganamtkicebs qvabisxevis monasterSi arsebuli XII s-is freska axalgazrda Wabukis gamo-saxulebiT da warweriT `SoTa~.

ra Tqma unda, zepirgadmocema mniSvnelovani wyaroa, magram mecnierebisaTvis mTava-ri dokumenturi masalaa da amitom yvelaferi es varaudia da ara dadasturebuli faqti. rogorc specialistebi fiqroben, jerjerobiT utyuaria mxolod is, rom poemis avtori SoTa rusTavelia da is Tamaris epoqaSi cxovrobda, man poema mefe qals miuZRvna, rusTave-li zewodebaa da aRniSnavs sadaurobas an garkveuli adgilis mflobelobas; viciT, rom misi saxeli ukavSirdeba palestinis jvris monasters. poemis Semdeg yvelaze sarwmuno wyarod palestinis masala miiCneva. sxva yvelaferi varaudia da momavali kvlevis sagans warmoad-gens (m. TaboriZe, vefxistyaosnis lituraturul-esTetikuri analizi skolaSi, Tb., 2001, gv. 94).

aqtivoba 3. teqstze muSaoba (12-15 wT): `vefxistyosnis~ teqstze muSaobis yvelaze aprobirebuli meTodi gaxlavT komentirebuli kiTxva (g. nioraZe, m. TaboriZe, n. ruxa-Ze...), kerZod, klasSi wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba maswavleblis mier. teqsti ikiTxeba jer mTlianad, Semdeg ki nawil-nawil, ra drosac did adgils ikavebs axali leqsiku-ri erTeulebis axsna, TiToeuli taepis gaSinaarseba da Semdeg wakiTxulis gamTlianeba. aqve vakvirvebT moswavleebs mxatvrul saxeebze, raTa mivaRwioT literaturis swavlebis ZiriTad mizans: nawarmoebis aRqmas Sinaarsisa da formis erTianobis dacviT, teqstis literaturul-esTetikur analizs. es ki sakmaod rTulia am asakis moswavleebTan iseT teqstze muSaobisas, rogoric `vefxistyaosania~.

maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleTa mier gaSinaarsebuli teqsti daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:

1. fridonma Tqva: Cems azrs getyviT, romelic mcdari ar unda iyos. Cven cotani varT, qalaqs ki mxolod didi jari Tu aiRebs. pirispir ver movereviT, axla kvexnis dro ar aris, aTas wels ver SevalT iq, kari Tu dagviketes.

2. bavSvobaSi Cemma gamzrdelebma jambazis xelobac maswavles. vici Tokze gasvlac. ise gavdiodi Tokze, rom Tvals veravin maswrebda. bavSvebi roca miyurebnden, me Semomna-trodnen.

3. visac ukeT SeuZlia qamandis srola, vesroloT, gamovabaT cixis burjs, me masze ise gavivli, rogorc velze, SigniT myof qajebs erTianad amovxocav.

4. abjriT Tokze gasvla da faris gatana ar gamiWirdeba, Semdeg cixeSi Cavxtebi swra-fad, qariviT davacxrebi Tavs, laSqars amovxocav, kars gavaReb da Rias dagaxvedrebT, Tqven ki iq modiT, sadac brZolis xma mogesmebaT.

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teqstis gaSinaarsebis Semdeg daismis faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli (I donis) kiTxvebi:

_ rogor aRwers fridoni qajTa cixes? ratom ar aqvs mas pirispir Sebmis imedi? ro-meli sityviT axasiaTebs igi Seqmnil viTarebas?

_ ras aswavlidnen mas bavSvobaSi? ra SeuZlia axla mas? _ ras sTavazobs igi megobrebs?_ romeli sityva migviTiTebs teqstSi mis simarjveze? (am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema

xdeba uSualod teqstobrivi masalis moSveliebiT).

aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba (7-8 wT): _ Tqveni azriT, raze metyvelebs is faqti, rom momaval mefes, fridons, ,,samuSai-

Tod~ zrdidnen? (im dros miaCndaT, rom mefe yvela gansacdelisTvis unda yofiliyo mzad da yvelaferi scodnoda).

_ ramdenad usafrTxod da gonivrulad migaCniaT fridonis gegmis ganxorcieleba? (moswavleebi TviTon msjeloben da asabuTeben TavianT azrs).

_ Tqveni azriT, airCeven Tu ara megobrebi fridoniseul gegmas? ratom fiqrobT ase? rogor fiqrobT, rogor ganviTardeba teqstSi Semdgomi movlenebi? ra gaZlevT am fiqris safuZvels?..

aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): wakiTxulis mixedviT aagon werilobiTi teqsti: `fridonis gegma~. vizualizeba _survilisamebr Seqmnan teqstis mixedviT mxatvruli ilustraciebi. moZion xalxuri sityvierebidan masala `vefxistyaosnisa~ da misi avtoris Sesaxeb (am

mizniT gamoiyenon biblioTeka da internetresursebi).

II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia ( 5-6 wT):

aqtivoba 2. Sinaarsis realizeba. (8-10 wT): am dros yuradReba eqceva ambis logikuri TanmimdevrobiT gadmocemas. damatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `ormxriv CanawerTa dRiu-ri~.

meTodis aRwera:a) rveulis furcels vyofT vertikaluri xaziT.b) moswavleebma teqstidan unda amoiweron is frazebi (faqtebi), romlebmac gansaku-

Trebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze da moaTavson rveulis marcxena mxares. g) marjvena mxares moswavle wers: ratom airCia es monakveTi? ram moaxdina masze STa-

beWdileba?d) rveulSi minimum sami Canaweri mainc unda gakeTdes.e) roca muSaobas daamTavreben, moswavleebi klass uziareben TavianT STabeWdile-

bebs (weriTi namuSevrebi ar swordeba da ar fasdeba maswavleblis mier).

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis Sefaseba (8-10 wT):_ `Cven cotani varT, qalaqi didTagan saomaria; piris-pir omi ar Zal-gvic, ar Jami

sakvexaria~, _ ambobs teqstSi fridoni. mis ra Tvisebaze metyvelebs es sityvebi? (realu-rad afasebs Seqmnil viTarebas da eZebs gamosavals).

_ fridoni sakmaod moqnilia da marjve, daasabuTeT es teqstis mixedviT (`asre gavi-di sabelsa, rom Tvali ver momkidian..., abjriTa gavla arad miCs...).

_ fridoni TviTon kisrulobs umZimes gadawyvetilebas. romel sityvebSi Cans es? rogor axasiaTebs mas es momenti? rogor warmoCndeba igi mkiTxvelis winaSe? davaxasia-ToT fridoni am epizodis mixedviT.

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aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba (5 wT):_ daakvirdiT taepSi marcvalTa raodenobas. ramdenmarcvliania TiToeuli taepi?

(aq SeiZleba mivceT Sairis ganmarteba _ qarTuli leqsis ZiriTadi sazomi, 16-marcvliani).damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: Sairi (arab. Sahir) _ 1. leqsi, rogorc

poeturi forma (zogadad), meleqseoba, 2. 16-marcvliani leqsi. leqsis es zoma xalxuri Semoqmedebidan unda iyos Semosuli; pirvelad himnografma filipem gamoiyena Tavis sa-galobelSi, igive zoma gamoyenebulia `daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZSi~, romlis avtorad arsen iyalToeli iTvleba. rusTavelTan ki am zomam srulyofas miaRwia da Semdgomi xa-nis poetebi didxans am zomiT werdnen. rusTaveli iyenebs Sairis or saxes: maRals (4:4.4:4 _ sjobs, dadegiT / damalulni / Tqven adgilas / idumalsa) da dabals (5:3.5:3/3:5.3:5 _ `Cemsa simcrosa/ gamzrdelni/ samuSaiTod/ mzrdidian~...). rogorc dabal, ise maRal SairSi mTa-vari cezura (gayofa) 8 marcvlis Semdeg modis. maRali da dabali Sairi erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebul ritms iZleva, amitom maTi wakiTxvac sruliad gansxvavebuli in-tonaciiT xdeba, es icavs poemas monotonurobisagan da saxaliso sakiTxavi xdeba.

_ moZebneT strofebSi riTmis nimuSebi. ra saxis riTma gamoiyeneba am leqsSi? (mo-sazRvre). ramdenmarcvliani riTmiT aris dawerili es leqsi? (es monakveTi dawerilia sammarcvliani riTmiT; SeniSvna: dabal SairSi _ da es monakveTi amis nimuSia _ ZiriTadad sammarcvliani riTmebi gvxvdeba).

_ moZebneT teqstSi is strofebi, sadac riTmad gamoyenebulia: a) zmna (meore stro-fi: mzrdidian, mwvrTidian, momkidian, inatridian), b) arsebiTi saxeli (meoTxe strofi: farisa, qarisa, karisa, zarisa);

_ moZebneT teqstSi arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi. rogor fiqrobT, am TvalsazrisiT romeli metyvelebis nawilebi Warbobs? (zmnebi: miCs, maxltun-vebdian, Cavxletebi, gavaxvam...).

aqtivoba 5. Tavisufali wera (7-8 wT).meTodis aRwera: teqstis damuSavebis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT 5 wuTis ganmavlo-

baSi SeuCerebliv weron yvelaferi, rac am Temis garSemo daamaxsovrdaT. 5 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg SesaZlebelia partniors xmamaRla waukiTxon Tavisi naSromi. vTxovT, survilis mixedviT gauziaron klass sakuTari naazrevi.

aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba: (2-3 wT): maswavlebeli aucileblad akeTebs gamoxmaurebas am nawe-rebis garSemo da akeTebs ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas, rac gakveTilis bolos SeiZleba ganmsazRvrel SefasebaSic aisaxos.

aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) werilobiT daaxasiaTon Seswavlili monakveTis mixedviT fridoni, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CaurTon citatebi; b) amoweron teqstidan gra-matikuli arqaizmebis nimuSebi da miuweron Sesatyvisebi Tanamedrove formiT.

III-IV gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi namuSevrebis Semowmeba da analizi.

aqtivoba 2. teqstis momdevno epizodis komentirebuli kiTxva.epizodi jer mTlianad ikiTxeba Tavidan bolomde, Semdeg ki _ nawil-nawil maswavle-

blis komentirebiT, aixsneba gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi, gaaSinaarseben jer TiTo-eul taeps, Semdeg ki _ TiToeul strofs. teqsti daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:

1. avTandilma uTxra: megobrebi ver dagemdurebian, mag rCevas ver dagiwuneben, Sen Seni lomisebri mklavis imedi gaqvs, amitomac warmoadgine brZolis aseTi gegma; magram nuTu ar gesmis, ra axlo-axlo dganan guSagebi, rogor ismis maTi Zaxili?

2. Tokze rom gaxval, guSagni abjris Cxarunis xmas gaigoneben, daginaxaven da Toksac

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gadagiWrian, amaod dagrCeba Seni qadili. ar varga eg azri, sxvanairad vuSveloT Tavs!3. magas is ajobebs, rom Tqven mofarebul adgilas dadgeT, daimaloT. qajebi cixisken

mimaval mgzavrebs ar iWeren; amitom me vaWariviT gamovewyobi, erT jors gadavkideb Cems muzarads, jaWvsa da xmals da ise Seval qalaqSi.

4. migvixvdebian ganzraxvas, samive erTad rom SevideT. me Seval vaWariviT gadacmu-li, iq malulad Cavicvam abjars, movatyueb, mere ki SigniT sisxlis Rvars davayeneb.

5. me cixis mcvelebs amovxocav, Tqven ki gareT damelodeT. kliteebs davlewav, Cems Zalas qviTkiric ki ver gauZlebs. Tu Tqven sxva azri gaqvT, brZaneT.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba: _ rogor afasebs avTandili fridonis gegmas? ra miaCnia mis naklad? (ar moswons:

,,ra gaxvidode, guSagTa esmis abjrisa Cxereba, gigrZnoben, Toksa mohkveTen, amisi xams da-jereba~);

_ ras uwodebs igi am gegmas~ (`ZnelTa TaTbirs~)._ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, saidanac Cans avTandilis damokidebuleba fridoni-

sadmi (megobrulia, keTilganwyobilia, pativs scems mis gadawyvetilebas _ `moyvasni ver giCivian~).

_ brZolis ra gegma SesTavaza avTandilma megobrebs? (vaWrulad gadavicvam, jors gadavkideb muzarads, jaWvs da xmals, Seval ase qalaqSi, uceb Cavicvam abjars, mcvelebs moviSoreb da kars Signidan gavaReb).

_ rogor asabuTebs igi Tavisi mosazrebis marTebulobas? (ìsi kacni ar iWirven mgzavrsa, qalaqs Semavalsa~);

_ ras Tvlis avTandili `muxTal saqmed~?(`savaWoTa Sevekazmi~)._ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad misaRebia raindisaTvis amgvari `muxTali saqmis~ qmna?

imsjeleT. _ ramdenad usafrTxod geCvenebaT avTandilis gegma? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri saTa-

nado argumentebiT.aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meTodi: kiTxva- argumenti _ pasuxi _ informacia: (k a p i) . meTodis aRwera:Camoayalibon da airCion erT-erTi debuleba: avTandilis gegma usafrTxoa/ ar aris

usafrTxo;moiZion teqstSi amis dasasabuTeblad saTanado argumenti;amis mixedviT Camoayalibon pasuxi;miuTiTon, ra saxis informacia aklia Seswavlil monakveTs, rom srulyofili da-

skvnebi gamovitanoT. _ riT gansxvavdeba avTandilis gegma fridonis gegmisagan? _ riT hgavs es ori gegma erTmaneTs? (orive gegma Seicavs raindisaTvis miuRebel qce-

vas _ erT SemTxvevaSi es aris jambazoba, meore SemTxvevaSi _ tyuili _ vaWrulad gadacma; amasTanave, es orive gegma safrTxis Semcvelia pirvel rigSi maTive avtorebisaTvis da moiTxovs maTgan Tavganwirvasa da mTeli simZimis sakuTar Tavze aRebas. oriveSi Cans me-gobrebisaTvis Tavis ganwirvis survili...).

_ avTandilis ra Tvisebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas avtori?(igi mamacia, guladi, uSi-Sari, moxerxebuli, megobrebisaTvis Tavdadebuli...). daasabuTeT es teqstis mixedviT.

aqtivoba 4. enobriv mxareze dakvirveba:aq kvlav vakvirvebT moswavleebs leqsis zomaze, riTmaze, gramatikul da leqsikur

arqaizmebze, SeiZleba dakvirvebis saganad vaqcioT zogierTi foma, mag., ìvaglaxian-ivian~. cnobilia, rom rusTaveli gabeduli sityvaTmTxzveli poetia, igi xSirad mimar-Tavs originalur enobriv licenciebs, amis nimuSad unda CaiTvalos ̀ ivian~, romelic ̀ vai~ Sorisdebulidan unda iyos warmoSobili.

aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba: werilobiTi teqsti: àvTandilis TaTbiri~.

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V-VI gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia.

aqivoba 2. mTavari personaJis _ avTandilis _ daxasiaTeba.

aqtiveba 3. minidiskusia: _ Tqven Tu eTanxmebiT avTandils fridonis gegmis SefasebaSi? _ Tqven romeli gmiris mosazreba migaCniaT ufro saimedod da ratom? _ rogor fiqrobT, ra moxdeba Semdeg? romel gegmas airCeven megobrebi? ratom

fiqrobT ase? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.

aqtivoba 4. teqstis _ `TaTbiri tarielisa~ _komentirebuli kiTxva: teqsti moswavleTa mier daaxloebiT amgvarad gaSinaarsdeba:1. tarielma uTxra: davinaxe Tqveni gmiroba da Tavdadeba; vici, omi gwadiaT da ara

xmlis tyuilubralod qneva. TqvenisTanebis yola kacs swored gaWirvebaSi gamo-adgeba.

2. magram CemTvis Znelia Tqveni rCevis Sesruleba. Cemma mijnurma rom dainaxos cixi-dan, Tqven ficxel omSi xarT, me ki ar vibrZvi, Zalian Sevrcxvebi. nu ecdebiT Cems darwmunebas, rom mis TvalSi Cemi saxeli ar Seilaxeba.

3. Cemi azri aseTia: gavinawiloT as-asi kaci da ganTiadisas cixes sami mxridan Sevu-tioT. mteri mogvegegeba. dainaxavs, cotani rom varT, magram xmals mivceT Zala.

4. ficxlad SevebaT qajebs, isini cixis karis Caketvas ver moaswreben, erT-erTi Cvengani cixeSi SeiWras, danarCenebi galavanze mdgom mcvelebs davesxaT Tavs. SigniT Sesuli sisxlis Rvars daaynebs, gareT myofni ki Zlevamosilad moixmaren brZolebSi nacad TavianT abjars.

5. fridonma uTxra: migixvdi naTqvams; isic icode, Cemeul cxenisTvis karebis mixurvas ver moaswreben. rodesac saCuqrad mogiZRveni, ar vicodi, rom qaje-Tisken mogviwevda wamosvla, Torem ver gavimetebdio.

6. fridonis am sityvebze megobrebma gaicines, erTmaneTs erTxel kidev gaexumrnen, Semdeg Camoxdnen, moemzadnen brZolisaTvis da saukeTeso cxenebze amxedrdnen.

7. megobrebma erTxmad moiwones tarielis gadawyvetileba, as-asi erTmaneTze uke-Tesi mebrZoli waiyvanes da cxenebze amxedrebulni, sabrZolvelad gaemzadnen.

8. yvela Zalian lamazi da vaJkacuri Sesaxedavi iyo, mzes aRematebodnen si-lamaziT; sam rainds qveynis Svidi mnaTobi hfaravda. Sav cxenze amxedrebu-li tarieli ki mainc gamoirCeoda maT Soris Tavisi tanadobiTa da silamaziT.

9. erTgvari lirikuli gadaxveva _ Cemi naTqvami sworedac rom maTi Sesaferisia: caSi wvims da quxs, modis Rvari dedamiwaze zaTqiTa da xmauriT, magram roca zR-vas SeerTvis, wynardeba.

10. Tumca fridoni da avTandili kargi vaJkacebi iyvnen, tariels mainc ver Seedre-bodnen. rogorc mze aRemateba yvela mnaTobs, ise aRemateboda tarieli sxvebs gmirobiT.

11. samma gmirma cixis sam karebs miaSura _ TiTom TiTo karebi airCia. Tan samasi kaci axldaT, yvela saukeTeso mebrZoli. im RamiT maT cixis garemo dazveres, saaSka-raoze ar gamosulan, gaTenebas elodebodnen.

12. pirvelad ubralo mgzavrebiviT midiodnen, SigniT myofni verafers xvdebodnen. rodesac cixes miuaxlovdnen, maSinRa daixures muzaradebi.

13. cxenebi moulodnelad mowyvites adgilidan, irgvliv maTraxis Sxuili ismoda; mcvelebma cixis karebi gaaRes da qalaqSi sabrZolo xmebi gaisma, hkres buksa da naRaras.

14. qajeTSi RvTis risxva datrialda, Tavze risxviT CamoemxoT ca, daxocilebs veli ver itevda.

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15. adamians xmlis daurtymelad dabnedda tarielis Zlieri xma. moqneuli xmali abjars fxrewda, qajebs saomari aRWurviloba veRar icavda. samma gmirma sami kari aiRo da axla cixeSi SeRwevas Cqarobdnen.

16. avTandili da fridoni cixeSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, mteri mTlianad amoewyvitaT, irgvliv sisxlis Rvari modioda, erTmaneTis naxviT didad gaixares da tarielis Zebna daiwyes.

17. tarielis ambavi arc erTma ar icoda. mere cixis kars miadgnen, iqauroba dalewi-li iaraRiT iyo mofenili, iqve eyara aTi aTasi daxocili guSagi cixisa.

18. cixis mcvelebi sneulebiviT eyarnen irgvliv, cixis kari Ria iyo, TviTon kari _ dalewili, es yvelaferi tarielis namoqmedarad Seicnes.

19. meomrebs gza mtrisagan sruliad daclili daxvdaT, gzadagza akaful meomrebs naxulobdnen. moulodnelad dainaxes erTmaneTs gadaxveuli nestani da tarieli.

20. isini erTmaneTs exveodnen. varskvlavebis _ zualisa da muSTaris _ Sexvedras hgavda maTi erTad yofna. mzis Suqis danaxvaze vardi kidev ufro gaifurCqna da amdeni xnis Wiri sixaruliT Seecvala.

21. mijnurebma erTmaneTs ramdenjerme akoces. samive Zmobili Seikriba. avTadilma da fridonma Tayvani sces nestans.

22. nestani RimiliT Seegeba maT, gadakocna Tavisi mxsnelebi da sasiamovno xmiT moaxsena madloba.

23. tarielsac miesalmnen megobrebi. miuloces erTmaneTs gamarjveba, moikiTxes. ar unaniaT, rom aseT ficxel brZolaSi CaerTnen.

24. samasi kacidan as samoci gadarCeniliyo, fridons Zalze umZimda Tavisi erTgu-li jariskacebis dakargva, magram Tan uxaroda gamarjveba. gadarCenili mtrisgan gawmindes cixe da moagroves uaravi simdidre.

25. amis Semdeg megobrebma samasi aTasi jor-aqlemi moasxes, ahkides Tval-margali-ti, nestani ki taxtrevanSi Casves.

26. cixis mcvelad samoci jariskaci datoves, gaeSurnen zRvaTa qalaqisaken, iq fat-mani egulebodaT, visTvisac madloba unda gadaexadaT.

aqtivoba 5. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ ra mosazrebiT daiwuna tarielma orive gegma? (Tqven omi gqondeT da me uomrad

vijde?!)_ ra SesTavaza tarielma megobrebs?(samivem gaviyoT as-asi kaci da yvelam erTad Se-

vutioT)._ visi laSqriT mouxdaT gmirebs brZola qajebis winaaRmdeg? (fridonis). _ romel striqonebSia aRwerili omisaTvis mzadeba? (`kvla erTmaneTsa miuZRvnes

sityvebi ar pir-mkvaxebi...~)._ rogor aRwers mwerali sabrZolvelad mimaval raindebs? (`igi Wabukni SuqiTa...~)._ lirikuli gadaxveva (`Cemi aw ese naTqvami maTi saxe da daria~...) . (SeniSvna _ poemaSi

bevrjer vxvdebiT adgilebs, sadac poeti metaforas iqve an momdevno striqonebSi xsnis. teqstis am nawilSi poeti metaforulad aRwers Seqmnil viTarebas).

_ vis ekuTvnis es naTqvami da ra igulisxmeba masSi? (Tavad avtors. poetis damoki-debuleba momxdarisadmi).

_ sad, romel strofSi saubrobs poeti fridonisa da avTandilis vaJkacobasa da `ta-rias~ gamorCeulobaze? (`Tuca fridon da avTandil...~).

_ rogor aRwers poeti tarielis sabrZolo gegmis ganxorcielebas? (`samTave samad gaiyves...~).

_ romel strofebSi aRwers avtori qajeTis cixeSi datrialebuli brZolis suraTs? (`maSin qajeTs moiwia~...).

_ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, romelSic tarielis gaSmagebaa daxatuli (`kacsa ukra-vad dabnedis...~).

_ aRwereT teqstis mixedviT: a) avTandilisa da fridonis Sexvedra, b) nestanisa da

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tarielis Seyra, g) samive raindis Sexvedra, d) nestanis madliereba._ samasi meomridan ramdeni gadarCa cocxali? (`as samoci Sehyoloda...~)_rogor aRwers rusTaveli fridonis SuqCrdilian sixaruls? (`fridons umZims spa-

Ta misTa...~). riT aris igi gamowveuli?_ saiT mieSurebian gamarjvebuli megobrebi da ra mizniT? (`Tqves fatman vnaxoT~...).

aqtivoba 6. wakiTxuli teqstis mixedviT Sedgeba am epizodis gadmosacemi Sinaarsis gegma, romelic, savaraudod, amgvari iqneba:

tarielis gegma qajeTis cixis asaRebad;SetevisaTvis mzadeba;moulodneli Tavdasxma;qajeTis cixeSi datrialebuli risxva;gamarjveba;`naxes, mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~;qajeTis cixis datoveba.


aqtivoba 8. saSinao davaleba: aagon werilobiTi teqsti: `qajeTis cixis aReba~; moini-Snon teqstSi is adgilebi, romlebmac gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze da daasabuTon Tavisi azri.

gakveTili VII-VIII

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ tarielma megobrebs Tavdadeba mouwona, magram gegma dauwuna. samarTlianad migaCniaT Tu ara misi mosazreba? (moswavleebi asabuTeben mosazrebebs)._ sad, teqstis romel epizodSi, gamoCnda tarielis gegmis upiratesoba? (tarielis

gegmis upiratesobam Tavi iCina qajeTis cixis aRebis epizodSi, swored misi gamWriaxobiT moipoves gmirebma gamarjveba).

_ tarielis ra Tvisebebi Cans am monakveTSi? (igi vaJkacia da uSiSari, ufrTxil-deba megobrebis sicocxles, fizikurad Zalian Zlieria, amayia, lamazi, uzo-mod aris Seyvarebuli da satrfosTvis Tavs swiravs, aqvs mxedarTmTavris niWi _ swored misma strategiam gaamarTla brZolis dros...). daasabuTeT es Tvisebe-bi teqstis mixedviT (SeiZleba Sedges gegma gmiris daxasiaTebisaTvis _ `gmiris ruka~).

_ brZolaSi tarielis simamacesa da silamazes gansakuTrebiT usvams xazs avtori. rogor fiqrobT, ratom akeTebs amas? (tarieli poemis mTavari gmiria, swored mis saxels atarebs poema, is aris vefxvistyaosani Wabuki).

aqtivoba 3. Sejameba (jgufurad) : _ TqvenTvis nacnobi romeli literaturuli gmirebi gvxvdebian teqstSi? ra gaxsovT

maT Sesaxeb wina klasebidan? ra SeityveT maT Sesaxeb axali?(aq Seivseba grafebi: `gavige/viswavle _ ris gageba mainteresebs~).

_ `tarieli, nestan-darejani, avTandil, fridon, TinaTin arc Taviss dReSi yofi-lan da arc arian, arc odesme ucxovriaT da arc exla scxovroben, magram aba hnaxeT Cve-ni sakvirveli rusTaveli rogor saswaulT-moqmedobs adamianze, roca imaTs cxovrebas gviambobs, maTis cxovrebis majiscemas gvatyobinebs!.. SoTam mis mier mogonil ambavs ise-Ti suli Caatana, rom am WeSmarit sulisagan TviT araWeSmariti ambavi marTali gvgonia~, _

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werda ilia WavWavaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb. _ poemis Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT, eTanxmebiT ilias am SefasebSi?

aqtivoba 4. poetis enaze dakvirveba:_ ganmarteT, rogor gesmiT azri striqonisa: ,,naxes mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare

gvelsa~ (tarielis Sesaxvedrad gamoeSva nestani qajeTis cixidan)._ gadmoeciT Tqveni sityvebiT azri striqonisa: ,,mas mzesa misces salami, wadges marT

viTa xmobilni~. (nestans misces salami da wardgnen dabarebulebiviT mis winaSe)._ ganmarteT, rogor gesmiT azri striqonebisa: ,,maSin qajeTs moiwia usazomo risxva RmrTisa, / kronos, wyromiT Semxedvelman, moiSorva sitkbo mzisa~.(kronosi, anu saturni ubedurebis momcemi planetaa, kronosisgan mzis gavlenis

`moSoreba~ aq saSineli ubedurebis momaswavebelia. anu maSin qajeTs saSineli ambavi da-trialda...).

_ ra mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs mwerali gamarjvebuli gmirebis dasaxasiaTeblad? (iyenebs metaforas, Sedarebas. moswavleebi kiTxuloben saTanado adgilebs teqstidan).

_ ,,naxes mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~, _ vis gulisxmobs poeti mzeSi? mTvareSi? gvelSi? ra mxatvrul xerxs iyenebs aq poeti? (mzeSi igulisxmeba tarieli, mTva-reSi _ nestani da gvelSi _ qajeTis cixe, borotebis simbolo. iyenebs metaforas).

_ moZebneT teqstSi Sedarebis nimuSebi. rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs maT poe-ti? ( `zeda gardmodges mze viTa~ , `cixisa mcveli yvelai idva marT viTa sneuli~. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iyenebs nestanis silamazis gadmosacenad, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi tarielis siZlieris gamosaxatad).

_ gaixseneT, ra aris hiperbola da moZebneT teqstSi misi gamoyenebis nimuSebi (tro-pis iseTi saxea, romelic sagansa Tu movlenas gazviadebulad warmoadgens (es sityva berZnuli warmoSobisaa da gadaWarbebas, gazviadebas niSnavs. `kacsa ukravad dabneddis xma tarielis xafisa~).

maswavlebelma SeiZleba klasi daakvirvos poeturi licenciis nimuSebze: `Tavni maT-ni gaalomnes, maTi mbrZoli iSvles, iTxes~.

_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia am monakveTis Sinaarsis gageba leqsikonis gareSe?(ZiriTadi Sinaarsis gageba leqsikonis gareSe sruliad SesaZlebelia).

_ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia TqvenTvis gaugebari sityvebis mniSvnelobis gageba konteqstis _ amave winadadebaSi, frazaSi Semavali sxva sityvebis _ daxmarebiT? romeli sityvebis mniSvnelobis garkvevaSi dagexmaraT konteqsti? (konteqstis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia sityvebis umetesobis gageba. magaliTad, `ese me damsvris nu ubnobT sityvi-Ta Tqven saTneviTa~. konteqstis mixedviT, advili gasagebia damsvris, anu Semarcxvens. `amazeda gaicines maT wylianTa sityva-brZenTa~. aseve sityva wyliani rom mWevrmetyvels aRniSnavs, konteqstiT misaxvedria).

aqtivoba 5. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10-15 wT): moswavleebs vavalebT moZebnon teqstSi arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli zmnebi da

SeurCion maT Tanamedrove Sesatyvisebi (gwads-ginda, hgavs-Seefereba, esmas - moesmeba, SevsjarneT - SevimwyvdioT).

moswavleebi teqstSi eZeben teqstSi arsebiT saxelebs, romlebic aseve arqauli for-miT gaxlavT gamoyenebuli.

teqsts akvirdebian da arkveven, arsebiTi saxelis mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad po-eti romels aniWebs upiratesobas: -eb-ians Tu -n/-T-ians? (-n/-T-ians).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom? (maSin ufro xSirad mravlobiTis es forma gamoiyeneboda).moswavleebi akvirdebin saxelmZRvaneloSi -n/-T-iani mravlobiTis brunebas da pasu-

xoben kiTxvebze:_ romeli brunvebi ar aqvs _n/-T-ian mravlobiTs?(sax., moTx., mic., naT., wod.)._ Tqveni azriT, romeli brunvis formaa sityva `gzaTa~ winadadebaSi: `gzaTa mSene-

blobis saministro~? (naTesaobiTi).

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moswavleebi xsnian, Tu rogor mixvdnen am brunvis formas (viyenebT Casmis / Canacvle-bis xerxs: Taniani mr-is nacvlad vsvamT _ eb-iani mravlobiTis formas _ gzebis _ da vxvde-biT rom naTesaobiT brunvaSia).

aqve vTavazobT wess:-T-iani mravlobiTis brunvis amocnoba -eb-iani mravlobiTis CanacvlebiT SeiZleba.dafaze vwerT:sami gmiri da sam-n-i megobar-n-iSvidi mnaTobi da Svid-n-i mnaTob-n-imravali Wiri da mraval-n-i Wir-n-i. romel ricxvSi Seiwyo simravlis gamomxatvelma sityvam (sami, Svidi, mravali...) arse-

biTi saxeli pirvel SemTxvevaSi? (mxolobiT ricxvSi).meore SemTxvevaSi? (mravlobiT ricxvSi).vawodebT moswavleebs wess:-n/-T-ian mravlobiTSi simravlis gamomxatveli sityva arsebiTs mravlobiT ricxvSi

Seiwyobs. aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: avTandilis, fridonisa da tarielis SedarebiTi daxa-

siaTeba gmiris rukis mixedviT (romel gmirs ra Tviseba axasiaTebs da argumenti amis Se-saxeb teqstidan moiyvanon).


Sedegebi: VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amo-

canis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da au-

ditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis

gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna. VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasia-

Teblebis mixedviT. VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi

normebis dacva.

qvemoT maswavlebels vTavazobT damatebiT informacias, romelic mas SeuZlia ga-moiyenos ama Tu im saswavlo masalis damuSavebisas:

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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~

1. galaktion tabiZenodar dumbaZe _ galaktionigalaktioni saavadmyofos meoTxe sarTulidan gadmoiqca. zogs egona, rom ga-

laktionma Tavi moikla. zogs egona, rom man, eqstazSi myofma, moufiqrebeli nabiji ga-dadga. zogs egona, igi agoniaSi myofi gadmovarda,zogs kidev ra da zogs kidev ra…

sinamdvileSi ai, ra moxda: galaktioni parnasze avida, man uzenaesi mwvervali daipyro. misTvis arc werayins, arc wriaps, arc bawars ar uRalatia. igi didi xnis win avida am mwvervalze da radgan geniosebi dapyrobili mwvervalebidan ukan aRar brundebian, yove-live is, rac mas aRar sWirdeboda da xels uSlida, mwvervalidan dabla gadmoyara, Tavad ki darCa sworTa maradiul samyofelSi.

qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi pirvelad rusTavels daekisra Semoqmedebis mZime uRe-li. rusTavelma Camouara manamde mTasa da barSi arsebul mTel folklors, eposs Tu miTs, STanTqa igi erT fasdaudebel oqros zodad _ `vefxistyaosnad~ Camosxmuli dau-bruna xalxs.

rusTavelis Semdeg aseTi misia daviT guramiSvils daekisra, daviTis Semdeg akakim, vaJam da iliam ikisres es titanuri tvirTi da rodesac meoce saukunis ocian wlebSi am mZime uRelSi galaktion tabiZe Seeba, es sazidi ukve ise iyo damZimebuli erovnuli da msoflio literaturuli saganZuriT, rom galaktions misi tareba uRlis erTguli laba xariviT daCoqils mouxda: diax, daCoqils, oflad daRvrilsa da TvalebSi cremlCamdgars mouxda am mZime Wapanis gaweva. mxolod am kuTxiT da TvalsazrisiT unda SeviswavloT galaktioni.

sad unda vsdioT qars, romelic ise usaSvelod daqris galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi?! ise usaSvelod, rom wigni Tavad ifurcleba da rom qarma da grigalma ar gamogtacos xe-lidan, igi mkerdze unda gqondes mikruli magrad, viT xati da Zvirfasi avgarozi.

galaktionis Semoqmedeba erTi misi pawia leqsis `ai, ra mzis sizmarias~ msgavsad waRma-ukuRma ikiTxeba, swored ki arasdros, an iSviaTad; es albaT imiT aris gamowveuli, rom galaktioni yvelas Tavisad miaCnia da mas yvela Taviseburad kiTxulobs, maT Soris mec, raRa Tqma unda. amitom aris galaktioni saxalxo mgosani.

albaT amis gamo qarTul poeziaSi aravis ar moswrebia imdeni epigoni, ramdenic ga-laktions: albaT, amis gamo ar moswrebia qarTul poeziaSi imdeni mojibre da mtkavelis damzomeli, ramdenic galaktions. rigSi idgnen da dganan dResac mTeli Taobebi da azo-meben sakuTar patara mtkavels mis dedamiwis guliviT gadaSlil usaSvelod did da Tbil xelisguls. is ki dgas, dalocvili, Rimilian TvalebSi eSmakuri elva uTamaSebs da gaqe-zebs: ki, Zamiko, Senma ajobao.…

siyvaruli Tavad aris RmerTi da Tu siyvaruli CvenTan ars, CvenTan ars RmerTi, mivxvdebiT, rom galaktioni aris geni rusTavelisa, meoce saukuneSi gaRviZebuli da mzemde aRzevebuli.

(n. dumbaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, t. IV, Tb., 1992 w.)

2. o. WilaZeoTar WilaZis werili gazeT `literaturnaia gazetasTvis~ maiakovskis dabadebis 90

wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT _ nawyveti … poetma yvelaferi, rac ki SeZravs, xelaxla unda moxarSos sakuTar sulSi. yvela

WeSmariti poeti Tavisi epoqis RviZli Svilia da guluxvad da patiosnad ubrunebs xalxs, rac unaxavs da ganucdia. mis mier Seqmnili sinamdvile gacilebiT cocxali da sainteresoa, radgan misive vnebebiTaa gamdidrebuli. mis xmas Taobebi iseve SeeCvevian xolme, rogorc mdinaris piras mcxovrebni _ mdinaris ganuwyvetel xmaurs da warmoidgineT, ra Semzaravi iqneba maTTvis cxovreba, mdinare Tu daiSrita moulodnelad, ra autaneli iqneba uceb Camovardnili dumili. magram, sabednierod, poezia dauSreteli mdinarea _ xalxia misi saTaveca da SesarTavic. konkretuli poeti ki iqamde cocxlobs, vidre xalxs esmis misi,

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vidre xalxs Tavis mesaidumled miaCnia. ese igi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeeSleba sxvaSi. magram es rodi niSnavs, TiTqos poetebi erTmaneTs gamoricxavdnen. piriqiT, rogorc ar unda ganacalkevebdes maT maTive `individualobis Tavisebureba~ (evtuSenkos gamoTqmaa), bolos da bolos isini mainc erTad aRmoCndebian xolme da es ukve kanonzomierebad aris qceuli: dro dapirispirebul poetebsac ki erTmaneTis gverdiT ayenebs. Tumca, yvela poeti Tavis gansakuTrebul misias asrulebs mainc, anu yoveldRiurad kvdeba Tavis sawer magidasTan, droze adre rom ar daixocon sxvebi. arada, advili SesaZlebelia, saerTod ar kiTxulobdnen wigns isini, vis `gadarCenasac~ poeti apirebs. ase rom, SeiZleba, fuWi da amao aRmoCndes misi Sroma. amis bralicaa albaT, aSkarad rom SeimCneva dRes magidis tyveobidan ganTavisuflebis survili, anu dauokebeli swrafva estradisken, televizi-isken… rac, Cemi azriT, sakuTari umweobidan gamosvlis unayofo mcdelobaa mxolod. visac saTqmeli aRaraferi aqvs, is ufro ebRauWeba mikrofons, rogorc wyalwaRebuli xavss. magram amgvari survili Tu midrekileba, rasakvirvelia, niWis TaviseburebiTac SeiZleba aixsnas, gansakuTrebiT, roca saqme maiakovskisTana poets Seexeba. magram ase cxared da, cota ar iyos, daundoblad imitom vlaparakob, magidis uaryofa mwerlisgan Ralatad da mwerluri moTminebis rRvevis simptomad rom mimaCnia. TiTqos sakuTar na-warmoebs gvinda mivaswroT mkiTxvelamde, jer Cven davenaxoT, gavearSiyoT mikrofonis saSualebiT, movawonoT, SevayvaroT Tavi da mere ufro Tamamad mivandoT gansasjelad Cveni leqsebic. arada, magida mwerlisTvis igivea, rac durglisTvis _ Carxi, mWedlisTvis _ grdemli…

3. r. inaniSvilinugzar SataiZe _ `Seni sulieri samSoblo~revaz inaniSvilis SemoqmedebaSi yvelaze metad mwerlis maxvili Tvali da yuri

gaocebs. patara, xelisgulisodena moTxrobebiT igi TiTqos Cvenc Tvals gvixels, sme-nas gvimaxvilebs da jadosnuri sicxadiT gviCvenebs avkargian qveyanas, sadac Tavadve cxovrobs _ es misi samSobloa, romelic ukve mkiTxvelis sulier samSoblod qceula. mwerlis mier Seqmnili sulieri samSoblo xSirad ufro realuria da mimzidveli, vi-dre namdvili. revaz inaniSvlisaTvis es iyo sofeli, mindori, ivris Walebi. midioda iq `daRlili, mxrebdaRunuli, im imediT, rom soflurma myudroebam iqneb cota mainc moufonos gulze, romelzedac, ai, mTeli Tvea TiTqosda marwuxebs uWeren viRacani~. Cvenc, misi mkiTxvelebic, swored am imediT, amgvari sasoebiT mivdivarT mis mier Seqmnil samyaroSi, sadac mdinaris piras erTi `gamoRrmavebuli kbodea, Sig Tbili mzea Camdgari~, mivalT mivsxdebiT im gamoRrmavebulSi da sakuTari samSoblos gancdiT vtkbebiT.

…axla iqac zamTaria, Tebervlis TrTvils Seuxorxlia xeebi, buCqebi, gadauTeTre-bia miwa. Txel gubeebSi wyali Cayinula. yinulis Txeli, sifrifana arSia gasdevs mdinaris mTel napirsac. `xeebze Savi, naRvliani Citebi sxedan da abuzuli mxrebiT elaparakebian cas~.

ialnos mTis ferdobze gadmomdgara xe foTolgaZarculi, yinvisgan SeWirxuli tye gayuCebula, Tavis maradiul fiqrebSi wasula. da uecrad, raRac saswauli ZaliT, gaixsne-ba zeca, Rrublebidan mze gamoixedavs da ferdobze kalosodena adgils gaanaTebs. ka-loze xalxi Seyrila. wamova, gamoscdeba im xalxs `ori mSvenieri qalbatoni~, erTs Tavze moxveuli da boloebiT mkerdze gadajvaredinebuli qiSmiris Sali zurgze aqvs Sekruli. meores moTxilamuris Tbili qudi axuravs yurebze da Sublze Camoweuli. orive erTad rva an didi-didi rvanaxevari wlisa iqneba. movlen, amogidgebian aqeT-iqidan, Cagkideben patara xelebs da wagiyvanen im ganaTebuli kalosken.

gakvirvebuli, cota ar iyos dabneuli aTvaliereb xalxs da nel-nela yvelas scnob. vin aRar mosula aq, ialnos burusian ferdobze: ananureli ulamazoebi _ kuStad momzi-rali, mglis lekvebiviT ajagruli komblebiani biWebi; irine TeTraSvilis afria, TviTon irine TeTraSvili, guja afrias Zma da maTi axovani mamis landi, romelsac xelebi gulze daukrefia da naRvliani TvalebiT uyurebs col-Svils; ukuRma daWerili _ rogorRac saSarod galajuli, doinjSemoyrili ymawvili; gamova burusidan iakofa menaxirec da

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daebjineba Tavis grZel joxs; gverdigverd dganan Sio papa da uSiSa papa, joxirecxa ioseba, Zmebi daTia da gogia, basa burkiaSvili, modidan gamosuli poeti, ruxi pijakis saxeloebze Savi satinis samklavuri rom ukeTia; kidev vano buWyiaSvili da imisi patara biWi mixo, romlebsac Sin arc aveji aqvT da arc jam-WurWeli, samagierod, erTi didi fardagi aqvT, gaSlian Zirs da kotrialoben yvelani zed vanoc, mixoc, mamukac, imaTi dedikoc da Tu stumari mouvaT _ isic; aq arian gogia da baxa, elguja da WiWo, bibo, Citebis gamomzamTrebeli biWi, `viwroebis mgeli~ — Cofura Saliko, andria da, rac mTa-varia, metyeve daTiko; cota iqiT moCanan: barbare badauri, deda mariami, Zveli qarTveli qali, gadabmuli estate, Tina da sandro, uSiSari biWi ioseba, poeti giglia; xmauro-ben, JRav-JRuvoben ubedenTiani koxoraSvilebi, cetebi, bRukebi… CaCaurs cal xelSi gaSiSvlebuli xmali CaubRujavs, meoreSi _ sanTeli; mokrZalebiT, darcxveniT dgas im xalxSi xorasneli Wabuki; aqve darejani _ tanad didi, didad momzirali, Ronieri qali; xelixelCakidebulni gzaze gamdgaran iRliaSi daxveul tikamoCrili gogia batataSvili da imisi morcxvad moRimari sayvareli mayvala jariauli; iRimebian balniani, bayia da maneTiani kola; aq arian yrolebic _ lafana, atacebuli da bazarniki jaliaSvilic aqvea da imaTac siamis Rimili gadasdiT saxeze; am xalxSi dasunsulebs fafxaWelaanT ZaR-lic... xolo maRla, erT Tovlian borcvze, calke dgas kombalze dayrdnobili, mTlad gadaTeTrebuli usinaTlo moxuci, romelsac qinTa-qinTad qceuli axaluxis jibis pirze sami rusuli Zveli medali hkidia _ gamurul qvaze daRvenTili wminda sanTlis ferisa. iqiT ki, nisliani tyis pirSi, aTasamde Savi landi SequCebula da raRacas bWoben. mere gan-calkevebiT mdgomi anaforiani mRvdeli xels rbilad Camousvams haers da viRaca sufTa, mSvenieri xmiT daiwyebs:

zamTariao, hee, haraloo…zamTari vardsa daaWknobs,furceli Camocvivao…Tvalebgabrwyinebuli dgaxar da ver gagigia, cxadSi xar Tu sizmarSi, magram nel-

nela erkvevi da xvdebi, rom arc cxadia da arc sizmari _ es Seni qveyanaa, Seni sulieri samSoblo.

dRes, roca ase Segvelaxa da dagvimZimda sulebi, roca lukmapuris Zebna-Si daRlilebs wignis wakiTxvis Tavic ki aRara gvaqvs, roca apokalifsuri Rrube-li sulTamxuTaviviT dagvwolia gulze da amosunTqvis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, xSirad vigoneb xolme revaz inaniSvils _ Cems sayvarel adamiansa da mwerals. xandaxan gadmoviReb Tarodan mis wignsac, vaTvaliereb, vkiTxulob moTxro-bebis saTaurebs, calke abzacebs: `zamTris criat, moRuSul dReebSi tbis wyali gamdnar tyvias hgavs… ava, sul bolos misi zedapiridan aikrifeba bindi da buru-si. axlos moiweven mTebi. utyeo mTebi am dros sul ruxebia, ruxebi da gafiTrebul-ni, gaSterebulni. is mTebi Zleuli laSqris droSebiviT Cakidebula tbaSi. Tavdayi-ra Cakidebulan tbaSi TeTri xeebic. TeTr xeebze Savi naRvliani Citebi sxedan da abuzuli mxrebiT elaparakebian cas. ca ufro naRvliania da jer ar icis ras izams~. me mSvelis es ̀ ruxi da gafiTrebuli xeebi~, mSvelis naRvlani cac, romelmac ̀ jer ar icis ras izams~ _ mSvelis da mamSvidebs.

mSvelis imis gaxsenebac, rom revaz inaniSvilis, am marTlac genialuri mwerlis, suli jer isev dahfofinebs Tavis tanjul, daRupvis pirze mimdgar qveyanas.

44

II Tema: eri da istoria

guram rCeuliSviliguram asaTiani _ guram rCeuliSviliTbilisi Semodgomis pirze lamazdeba gansakuTrebiT, agvistos damlevs rusTavelis

prospeqti moulodnelad ivseba axalgazrda, mzisgan damwvari saxeebiT.am quCaze gavla kargia TbilisTan xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg.guram rCeuliSvili pirvelad swored aq gavicani. is maSin, mgoni, xevsureTidan axlad

dabrunebuli iyo, erT cnobil germanel mweralTan erTad emogzaura da misi piradi tra-gediis uneburi mowme gamxdariyo. am ambavzea dawerili misi moTxroba „sikvdili mTebSi~.

Tavisi garegnobiT guram rCeuliSvili sagrZnoblad gamoirCeoda zedmiwevniT ga-mowyobili sxva axalgazrda Tbiliselebisgan: farTod gaReRili, TiTqmis Sarvlis qamramde Caxsnili perangis piri, mokled SekreWili Tma, Zlieri, daJinebuli gamoxedva…

didi, uxeSi, mZime fexsacmelebi TiTqmis miwisken ezidebodnen mis sxeuls da, amave dros, mTel mis arsebaSi igrZnoboda raRac mousvenari, amtydari, TiTqos uecari naxto-misaTvis gamzadebuli Zala. is pirveli SexvedrisTanave iwvevda interess. TiTqos daJine-biT moiTxovda yuradRebas Tavisi pirovnebisadmi. rogorc amboben, axlo megobrebs igi gamorCeviT uyvardaT da xSirad uTmobdnen misi Zlieri xasiaTis uCveulo gamovlinebebs.

guram rCeuliSvilis yovel moTxrobaSi igrZnoba es Zlieri xasiaTi. TviT saocrad guliTadi da msubuqi ganwyobilebiT dawerili „biZia kotes Semodgomac~ TiTqos igu-lisxmeba es janmrTeli da yovlisSemZle Zala siWabukisa, naRvliani TanagrZnobiT rom ealerseba Zvirfas adamians mimwuxris Jams.

xasiaTis siZlieriT aris aRbeWdili guram rCeuliSvilis personaJebis buneba, misi novelebis Sinagani ritmi, TviT misi mwerluri dakvirvebis uaRresad ganviTarebuli una-ri.

guram rCeuliSvilma pirvel moTxrobaSive gagvando Tavisi adamianuri ideali: zRvis ulmobel stiqionTan Serkinebuli Zlieri da sulmrTeli mamakaci, romelic TavisianTa gadasarCenad swiravs sakuTar sicocxles.

bnel, daundobel stiqiasTan Cumi brZola, mis ugunur ZlevamosilebasTan adamianis Seudarebeli nebisyofis dapirispirebaa…

guram rCeuliSvili iyo erTi imaTgani, visac ukan mouxedavad SeeZlo Seewira mTe-li Tavisi arseba amgvari uTanabro brZolis TavdaviwyebisaTvis, magram ocdaeqvsi wlis asakSi man, rogorc Cans, ukve ganicada fxizeli dafiqrebis sakmaod mwvave Setevebic. ukve misi daRupvis Semdeg Jurnal „ciskarSi~ gamoqveynda erT-erTi ukanaskneli moTxroba „alaverdoba~, romelmac moulodnelad gvagrZnobina, ra gamanadgurebeli cecxli RrR-nida axalgazrda mwerlis Segnebas.

SeuZlebelia Cveni Taobis adamianma gulgrilad waikiTxos es moTxroba, ar ecnau-ros is Wabukuri Jini, romelmac misi gmiri alaverdis taZris gumbaTze aitaca da is sulis siRrmemde SemZvreli grZnobac axal sivrceebTan Sexvedrisa, romelic mas am si-maRleze daepatrona. ai, am moTxrobis ukanaskneli striqonebi: „man ar icis kaxeTi, visac civgomboris qedze Semdgars ar daunaxavs alaznis Walidan amovardnili alaverdi, mas ar ganucdia dauokebeli kaxuri vnebis simZafre, visac alaverdis Tavze Tavisi fexiT avardnils, gumbaTidan ar daunaxavs erTmaneTze miyrili da usasrulobamde gaSlili soflebi, savse da didebuli, Cafluli gauTavebeli vazis xeivnebSi. mTels am uzarmazar velze ar aris arc erTi goji, ar aris arc erTi wertili, sadac adamians warsulidan dRemde ar Seeqmnas Tavisi SromiT materialurad Tu sulierad Zlieri da Rirseuli ram, tyispiras gagonil dauwerel, erTad movardnil simfoniasaviT iRvreba Tvalwin Zveli cixeebi, eklesiebi, burjebi da am epoqaSi naSeni xidebi, swori ugegmianesi alvnebiT. am gegmianobidan sinaTlesaviT modis SeuCerebliv raRac axali, sicocxlisunariani. misi egzotikisaTvis ucnobi Zala ipyrobs gumbaTis Tavze mdgomis sxeuls, axali, Seucnoblad kanonzomieri, SeerTebuli grandiozul usityvo SromasTan. is fiqrobs: saidan modis es sicocxlisunarianoba, da pasuxobs: is TviTon CemSia, is TviTon xalxSia. magram aq zo-

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gierTi dabneula da veRar grZnoben Semoqmedis namdvil siamovnebas, siamovnebas Sromisa, radgan vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi.

mis fexqveS dgas alaverdi, sxvisi grandiozuli vnebisagan Seqmnili, TviTon ki… gumbaTis Tavze SerCenils eRimeba, ise uazrobad eCveneba aq dgoma. qveviT ixedeba da Ri-mili sicilad iqceva _ dabla ukve daSlila xalxi da is sul martoa aq, am saSiS adgilas. alvnebSi mwyobrad inTeba sinaTleebi da Camosuls mxolod cxenis migdebuli, uaRviro leSi agonebs Tavis unebur, uazro, gaumiznav, unayofo survils.

sinaTleebi ki sul matulobs da saocari harmoniiT ereva alaznis mdumare vels, romelsac is fexiT mihyveba alvanisaken~.

guram rCeuliSvils Cvens mwerlobaSi Tan mohyva Tanamedroveobis sunTqva. mas Rr-mad hqonda ganviTarebuli formis siaxlis grZnoba. amitom SeiTvisa man ase bunebrivad Cveni drois mxatvruli prozis didostatTa Taviseburi nerviuli, daZabuli manera. ma-gram, amave dros, mTel mis adamianur ierSi da mwerlur bunebaSic iyo raRac Soreuli, ZvelqarTveluri. Tanamedrove qalaqis Svils, TbilisSi gazrdilsa da davaJkacebuls, TiTqos eviwroeboda aqauri quCebis rkali, didxans ver egueboda yoveldRiuri cxovre-bis erTferovan ritms da pirvelSeZlebisTanave martod an vinme SeCveul megobarTan erTad miiCqaroda mTebisken, zRvisken. bevrs dadioda Tavisi ganuyreli didi da mZime fexsacmelebiT, eswreboda xevsurul xatobas, doRs, alaverdobis dResaswauls, ereo-da qarTvel glexkacobaSi, yvelgan iCenda megobrebs, metoqeebs. is TiTqos gamZafrebiT daeZebda raRacas, ris gareSe misi Zlieri da mTrTolvare sxeuli SeiZleba gamxmariyo, gamofituliyo…

qalaquri Rameebis daZabul simyudroveSi mas albaT xSirad aRviZebda ZarRvebSi momskdar winaparTa sisxlis amboxi da is meore diliT Cqari nabijiT mihyveboda mcxeTis gzas, Wabukuri daJinebiT cdilobda daviwyebidan gamoewvia ufliscixis idumali aCrdi-lebi, martodmarto misdevda vaJa-fSavelas nakvalevs, an kidev massaviT Tavze xelaRebul mTiel biWebTan erTad sip bilikebze daaWenebda gauxednav, feTian kvicebs.

ase daiwera misi „TvirTvila~, „ufliscixe~, „alaverdoba~.… masSi namdvilad bevri ram iyo axali, uCveulo da es zogierTebs garegnul pozad

miaCndaT.… ucnaurad uyvarda zRva… moTxroba „irina~, romelic axlaxan gamoqveynda, gaJRen-

Tilia zRvis sunTqviT. zRva aq adamianiviT cocxlobs, icinis, sulSi Semodis. zRva aris foni siyvarulis _ tkbili da mware, eWviani, dauSoSminebeli orTa siyvarulis ambisa. is TiTqos qaliviT izidavs, aTbobs da ealerseba am moTxrobis gmirs. da, amave dros, aqac, iseve rogorc „nel tangoSi~, namdvilad igrZnoba faruli Zrwola zRvis mimarT, masSi raRac mtruli, veragi Zalis SegrZneba.

46

V Tema `Cemo kalamo~

herman hese

hese inteleqtualur mweralTa rigs ganekuTvneba; mis TxzulebebSi vxvdebiT sru-liad gansxvavebuli azrobrivi sferodan gamomdinare ideebs. hesem rTuli Semoqmede-biTi evolucia ganvlo. misi adrindeli nawarmoebebi aRbeWdili iyo esTetizmiTa da neoromantikuli suliskveTebiT; momdevno wlebSi Tavi iCina realisturma, socialur-kritikulma tendenciebma. heses pirveli msoflio omis Semdgom Semoqmedebas Rrma kva-li daamCnia dasavleTis samyaros sulieri kulturis krizisis gancdam. mis mxatvrul ZiebaTa centrSi moeqca TviTmyofi da harmoniuli pirovnebis Camoyalibebis problema, rac mis novelistikaSic damkvidrda. heses Semdgom romanebsa da mcire prozaul Txzu-lebebs safuZvlad udevs sicocxlis „bipolaruli~ xasiaTi, maTSi sapirispiro polusTa harmoniuli urTierTSeTanxmebis ideaa warmoCenili. heses prozisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Txrobis inteleqtualizacia, eseizmi, simbolur-alegoriuli elementebis siWarbe da filosofiuri siRrme. mis TxzulebebSi ori sinamdvilea warmodgenili — garegani, yo-fiT-empiruli da Sinagani, aimbolur-alegoriuli, romelsac TviTon uwodebs „magiurs~. heses miRebuli aqvs mravali literaturuli premia — fontanes (1919), goeTes (1948), raabes (1950), germ. wigniT movaWreTa mSvidobisa (1955) da sxv. 1956 wels daarsda heses saxelobis premia.

gagacnobT mis werils: `kiTxvis Sesaxeb~.

kiTxvis Sesaxeb

adamianTa umravlesobam kiTxva ar icis, ufro mets ki bolomde ver gau-gia, ratom kiTxulobs. zogierTebi Tvlian, rom kiTxva, ZiriTadad, mZime, ma-gram aucilebeli ramaa `ganaTlebisTvis~, da nebismieri sakiTxavi maT, didi-di-di, `gaanaTlebs~. sxvebisTvis kiTxva msubuqi siamovnebaa, drois mokvlis saSuale-ba, da maTTvis, sinamdvileSi, sulerTia, ras waikiTxaven, oRond ki ar moiwyinon. ase, b-ni miuleri goeTes `egmonts~ an markgrafinis qalis, fon bairoitis mogonebebs kiTxulobs, imis imediT, rom ufro ganaTlebuli gaxdeba da Seavsebs Tavis codnas, rom-lis naklebobasac Tavad ganicdis. is, rom codnis naklebobas ase mZafrad grZnobs da ar iviwyebs, ukve imis maniSnebelia, rom misi azriT ganaTleba raRac garedan momavalia da igi SromiT miiRweva. es ki imaze metyvelebs, rom rac ar unda iswavlos, masSi yvelaferi mkvdar da unayofo codnad darCeba.

batoni maieri ki `siamovnebisTvis~ kiTxulobs, anu mowyenilobis Jams. dro be-vri aqvs, rentiea, dro imaze meti aqvs, ramdenis gamoyenebasac SeZlebda. maSasa-dame, mwerlebi mas grZeli dRis mokvlaSi unda daexmaron. igi iseve kiTxulobs bal-zaks, rogorc karg sigaras eweva, da iseve kiTxulobs lenuas, rogorc gazeTs. arada, es batonebi, miulerebi da maierebi (iseve, rogorc maTi colebi, vaJebi da asule-bi), sxva rameebSi sulac ar arian arCevansa da damoukideblobas moklebulebi. TavianT fasian qaRaldebs saTanado mizezebis gareSe arasodes yiduloben da yidian, gamocdili aqvT, rom Zilis win mZime saWmelis miReba arasasurvelia, da fizikurad imaze metad ar itvirTaven Tavs, vidre janmrTelobisTvis araa aucilebeli. zogierTi maTgani sportsac ki misdevs da am niSandoblivi drostarebis saidumloSic erkveva, icis, rom sportiT Wkvian adamians ara marto siamovnebis miReba, aramed gaaxalgazrdaveba da janze mosvlac SeuZlia.

hoda, iseve, rogorc varjiSobs an niCabs usvams, batonma maierma unda ikiTxos ki-dec. im saaTebisagan, romlebsac kiTxvas andomebs, aranaklebi xeiri unda hqondes, vidre im droisgan, romelsac Tavis saqmes axmars, da mas ar unda acdunebdes iseTi wigni, ro-

47

melic codniT ar gaamdidrebs, odnav mainc ufro janmrTels, erTi dRiT ufro axal-gazrdas ar gaxdis. ganaTleba mas iseve naklebad unda adardebdes, rogorc profeso-ris wodebis mopoveba, da romanebis gmir yaCaRebTan da saroskipoebis mflobelebTan urTierToba iseve unda rcxvenodes, rogorc namdvil naZiralebTan saqmis daWera. ma-gram mkiTxveli ase martivad ar msjelobs, is dabeWdil samyaros ganixilavs rogorc udavod amaRlebul rames, borotsa da keTils miRma arsebuls, anda amreziT uyurebs am samyaros, rogorc ararealurs, meocnebeebis mier gamogonils, romelic mxolod imisTvis varga, rom mowyenilobis Jams miakiTxo, da saidanac aranair xeirs ar unda elode, didi-didi, is SegrZneba gamogyves, rom ramdenime saaTi sasiamovnod gaatare. miuxedavad literaturis mcdari Sefasebisa da dakninebisa, b-ni miuleri da b-ni maieri, rogorc wesi, Zalian bevrs kiTxuloben. im saqmes, romelic maT, sinamdvileSi, sul ar exebaT, met yuradRebas da dros uTmoben, vidre rame sxva saqmes. Sesabamisad, gumaniT mainc xvdebian, rom wignebSi aris raRac, arcTu mTlad umniSvnelo. oRond maTi wignebis mimarT damokidebuleba imdenad pasiuri da Tavisufal nebas moklebulia, rom, biznesSi igive rom WirdeT, didi xnis gakotrebulebi iqnebodnen.

is mkiTxvelic, romelic dasvenebasa da drois gatarebas cdilobs, da isic, vinc sa-kuTar ganaTlebaze zrunavs, wignebSi erTgvar macocxlebel da sulierad amamaRlebel Zalas grZnoben, Tumca danamdvilebiT araferi ician da arc ramis Sefaseba SeuZliaT. isi-ni ugunuri avadmyofebiviT iqcevian, romlebmac ician, rom afTiaqSi bevri kargi wamalia da amitom iq yvela saSualebis gasinjvas cdiloben, yvela kolofis, yvela SuSis naxvas. arada, kargi iqneboda, Tu wignis maRaziasa da biblioTekaSi, kargi afTiaqis msgavsad, yve-lasTvis monaxuliyo sakuTari saSualeba, rom mowamvlisa da zedmetis moxmarebis gareSe yvelas SeZleboda axali Zalebis mokreba.

Cven, literatorebs, gvsiamovnebs, rom xalxi amdens kiTxulobs, da albaT avtoris mxridan arcTu Wkvianuria imis Tqma, rom xalxi metismetad bevrs kiTxulobs. magram roca es ambavi didxans grZeldeba, sayovelTaod arasworad gagebuli da borotad gamoyenebu-li saqmianoba sul ufro naklebad sasiamovno xdeba, da aTi kargi, madlieri mkiTxvelis yola, naklebi mogebis miuxedavad, aTasi umaduris yolaze ukeTesicaa da ufro sasixaru-loc.

amitom gavkadnierdi da vacxadeb, rom xalxi, sazogadod, metismetad bevrs kiTxu-lobs da es `kiTxvadoba~ literaturisTvis pativi ki ara, zaralia. wignebi imisTvis rodi iwereba, rom damoukideblobas moklebuli xalxi kidev ufro uniaTo gaxdes, magram, miu-xedavad amisa, maT imisTvis iyeneben, rom usicocxlo adamianebs iafad miawodon raRaca, rac cxovrebis iluzias qmnis da TiTqos misi Semcvlelia. arada, wignebi xom mxolod maSi-naa faseuli, roca sicocxles gvaziarebs, sicocxles emsaxureba, da kiTxvis yoveli saaTi fuWadaa Cavlili, Tu mkiTxvels erTi wveTi Zala, axalgazrdoba, xalisi mainc ar Semata.

garegnulad kiTxva iseTi ramaa, romelic koncentracias moiTxovs, da `dardis ga-saqarveblad~ kiTxva tyuili ambavia. Tu adamiani suliT avadmyofi araa, arafris gaqar-veba ar sWirdeba, piriqiT, yvelgan yuradRebiT yofna marTebs - sadac ar unda imyofebo-des, rasac ar unda akeTebdes, rasac ar unda grZnobdes - mTeli arsiT movlenebSi unda iyos CarTuli. aseve, kiTxvis dros unda gvesmodes, rom yoveli kargi wigni, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebis gamaxvilebas gulisxmobs, CaxlarTuli ambebis erT wertilSi kon-centrirebas da gamartivebas. adamianuri grZnobebis aseTi gamartiveba da koncentrireba sul patara leqsiTac SeiZleba, da Tu misi kiTxvisas imis Zala ar Semwevs, rom yuradReba movikribo, Tanamonawile da TanamgrZnobi ar gavxde, cudi mkiTxveli vyofilvar. is, rom amiT leqsisa Tu romanis mimarT usamarTlobas viCen, SeiZleba ar maRelvebdes, magram cudi kiTxviT, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari Tavis mimarT var usamarTlo. dros iseT rameze vxarjav, rac faseuli araa, mxedvelobas da yuradRebas CemTvis umniSvnelo rames vaxmar, imas, rac - winaswar vici - mzad var umalve daviviwyo, gonebas vRli STabeWdile-bebiT, romlebic CemTvis usargebloa da romelTa gadaxarSvac ar SemiZlia.

xSirad ityvian xolme, es `cudi kiTxva~ gazeTebis braliao. me aseTi azri sruliad mcdarad mimaCnia. SeiZleba yoveldRiurad ikiTxo gazeTi an gazeTebi da amave dros kon-

48

centrirebulad da qmediTunarianad darCe, axali ambebis amorCeva da swrafi kombinacia Zalian janmrTeli da faseuli varjiSic kia. am dros, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom ganaT-lebas danatrebulma maierma Tu siamovnebisTvis mkiTxvelma imgvarad waikiTxon `arCeviTi naTesaoba~, rom is sruliad usargeblo iqneba.

cxovreba xanmoklea, da imqveynad aravis moekiTxeba, ramden wignTan SeZlo gamkla-veba. amitom arcTu Wkvianuria da metic, mavnea fuW kiTxvaze drois xarjva. me cud wi-gnebs ki ara, kiTxvis xarisxs vgulisxmob. kiTxvisagan, iseve, rogorc cxovrebaSi yoveli nabijisa da CasunTqvisgan, raRacas unda velodeT, mas Zala unda davaxarjoT, rom meti miviRoT, unda davikargoT, rom ufro cnobierad aRmovaCinoT sakuTari Tavi. litera-turis istoriis codnas aranairi faseuloba ar gaaCnia, Tuki yovelma wakiTxulma tomma nugeSi, an Zala, an sulieri simSvide ar moitana. uazro, dabneuli kiTxva igivea, rac lamaz midamoSi Tvalaxveuli seirnoba. arc imisTvis unda vikiTxoT, rom sakuTari Tavi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba dagvaviwydes, piriqiT, ufro cnobierad da gonivrulad unda movkidoT mtkice xeli Cvens cxovrebas. wignebs ise ar unda mivudgeT, rogorc SeSine-buli moswavleebi _ ampartavan maswavlebels, da arc ise, fuqsavatebi rom miadgebian xolme aryis boTls, _ aramed ise, rogorc mTamsvlelebi udgebian alpebs, mebrZolebi _ arsenals. unda viyoT ara devnilebi da cxovrebis armosurneni, aramed keTili xalxi, romelsac maTTan aqvs saqme, vinc misi megobari da Semwea. ase rom iyos, ase rom moxdes, imis meaTedsac aRar waikiTxavda xalxi, rasac axla kiTxulobs, da yvelani aTjer ufro gaxarebulebi da mdidrebi viqnebodiT. xolo Tu es imas gamoiwvevda, rom Cvens wignebs aravin iyidda da Cven, mwerlebi, aTjer naklebs davwerdiT, samyaros amiT araferi dau-Savdeboda. vinaidan, kiTxvisa ar iyos, arc weris saqmea kargad.

49

VI Tema: `xani undobari~

Wabua amirejibiSvilebo da SviliSvilebo!es werili Tvrametisas waakiTxeT Tqvens balRebs.Cemo patara batonebo da qalbatonebo!

batonobiT mogmarTavT, radgan sul cota aTi aristokratiuli gvarisa da batonTa modgmisani xarT.

oTxmocisa gitovebT am werils Tqveni papa da pepera mzeWabuk (Wabua) iraklis Ze ami-rejibi da Tavs movaled vTvli, zogi ram girCioT:

warmomavloba gixseneT. swored es unda iyos pirvelmizezi imisa, rom ampartavno-bisken ki ara, Tavmdablobis, mimteveblobisa da siyvarulisken unda miidrikos Tqveni xasiaTi, sicocxlisa da samyarosadmi damokidebuleba.

mTavari mainc is aris, rom Tqven mxolodRa ded-mamisa da bebia-papebis naSieri ki ara, qarTveli eris Svilebi xarT iseve, yoveli qarTveli mamuliSvili _ erisa, romlis uangaro samsaxurs Sealies Tavisi sicocxle Cven winaparTagan urCeulesebma. unda ico-deT da yoveli mniSvnelovani nabijis gadadgmisas iTvaliswinebdeT, rom xalxi, rogorc fenomeni, mxolodRa dResdReobiTi nawilia im maradiulobisa, rasac qarTveli eri hqvia, xolo eris sawyisi da ZiriTadi birTvi ojaxia, raic Tavad Tqvenc ueWvelad unda SeqmnaT da imravloT, raTa xsenebuli maradisoba uzrunvelyoT. es Tqveni wmidaTawmida valia!

samSobloSi Tqveni ojaxis elCi da saxe unda iyoT, samSoblos gareT Tqveni eris sindisi da Rirseba.

unda ecadoT, aravin gZuldeT. siZulvili borotebas badebs. mtrisac ki pativiscema gmarTebT, radgan igi TqvenSi mebrZols ayalibebs.

Cinuri andazaa _ „Tu ginda idge _ sul unda irbino~. igulisxmeba ganuwyve-teli moqmedeba. aseTebi iyvnen Tqveni winaprebi, maT Soris Tqveni papebi da pepe-rebi. im droisTvis, roca am werils waikiTxavT, ukve gecodinebaT, ras miaRwies maT moRvaweobis sxvadasxva dargSi da icodeT, yovelive imis wyalobiT iyo, rom sul da-vrbodiT. axlis Zieba, moqmedeba da aRsruleba iyo Cveni sicocxlis azri da devizi. yovelive adamiani (maT Soris Tqvenc), upirvelesad yovlisa, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis jami da yulabaa. SesaZleblobebi ki kapitalia. kapitals aseT niadagSi Cabandeba urCevnia, saidanac meti amonagebi eqneba.

daakvirdiT, vin meti moimka, vinc sakuTar materialur keTildReobaSi Caabanda, Tu man, vinc mamuliSvilobaSi, samSoblos samsaxurSi, eris, adamianisa da mSvenierebis siyva-rulSi Caiferfla? ifiqreT amaze, gamoitaneT daskvna da ise airCieT Tqveni „sirbilis~ asparezi.

imeds vitoveb, rom Rirseulad gaswevT Tqveni winaprebis damsaxurebaTa, Tavdadebi-sa da ukvdavi saxelebis saamayo Wapans im oTxi saTnoebiT maT Cven _ Tavis CamomavalT rom gvianderZes _ vaJkacobiT, samarTlianobiT, TavSekavebiTa da gonierebiT.

danarCens sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba SegZenT.samSoblo uwinares yovlisa!

Tqveni papa-pepera _ Wabua amirejibiTbilisi, 04.07.20

50

IX Tema ùsiyvarulod~

o’henri

o’henri (1862-1910) amerikeli novelisti, moulodneli dasasrulebis ostati, rome-lic niu-iorkSi mcxovreb Cveulebriv xalxze werda. o’henris moTxrobebi gamorCeulia siuJetis mixvev-moxveviT da CaxlarTulobiT.

cota vinmem Tu icis vin iyo uiliam sidni porteri, magram o’henri visac ar unda hkiTxoT, yvelas ecodineba, miuxedavad imisa, icnobs Tu ara mis Semoqmedebas. sinamdvi-leSi ki uiliam sidni porteri da o’henri erTi da igive pirovnebaa. o’henri misi fsevdo-nimia, romelic, savaraudod, im cixis (Ohio Penitentiary) Semoklebaa, romelSic man sami weli gaatara…

uiliam sidnei porteri daibada grinsboroSi, samxreT karolina. mamamisi, algernon sidnei porteri, eqimi iyo. rodesac uiliami sami wlis gaxldaT, deda gardaecvala, igi aRizarda mamis mxridan bebiisa da mamidis mier. uiliami gaumaZRari mkiTxveli iyo, magram man 15 wlis asakSi skola miatova, igi muSaobda afTiaqsa da texasis fermaSi. is gadavida hiustonSi, sadac mas ramdenime samsaxuri hqonda, iyo bankis moxele. austinSi gadasvlis Semdeg igi 1882 wels daqorwinda.

1884 wels muSaoba daiwyo iumoristul Jurnal `roling sTounSi~ (moZravi qva). ro-desac Tavisufali iyo igi hiuston presis reportiori da svetis wamyvanic gaxldaT. erTxelac, reviziis dros, xuTi aTasi dolaris odenobis danaklisi aRmouCines da fulis umiznod gankargva mas dabralda. amis gamo igi 1 weli (1897 w.) hondurasSi emaleboda marTlmsajulebas. aSS-Si ki imis gamo dabrunda, rom coli gauxda avad. 1898 wels po-licias Cabarda da ohaioSi, kolumbusis cixeSi Casves. 5 wlis magivrad 3 weli moixada sasjeli. `kargad moqcevisaTvis~ ori weli mouxsnes. cixidan gamogzavnil werilebSi igi werda: àq adamianis sicocxle gaufasurebulia. Wleqi iseTive Cveulebrivi movlenaa, rogorc cixis gareT surdo, TviTmkvleloba ki iseTi xSiria, rogorc zafxulSi gaseir-neba... damwyvdeul ubedurTa kvnesa da yvirili moqmedebs Cemze, rogorc civi samarTle-blis piri kiserTan. yvirili SemoiWreba xolme Cems moTxrobebSi, rogorc ConCxis Zvle-bis Cxaruni saqorwilo mxiarulebaSi~.

patimrobis periodSi o’henrim daiwyo novelebis wera, Soulobda fuls da exmare-boda mis das, margarets. misi pirveli namuSevari: `stvenia dikis saSobao cecxli~ (1899), daibeWda makkluris JurnalSi. rodesac porterma moixada sasjelis 5 wlidan 3 weli, gamovida cixidan 1901 wels da gadairqva saxeli: o’henri.

1902 wlis dekembris miwuruls o’henri niu-iorkSi gadavida. 1906 wlis ianvarSi man dawera moTxroba niu-iorkis msoflio mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, romelic agreTve gamoqveyn-da sxvadasxva JurnalSi. o’henris pirveli krebuli: `kombostoebi da mefeebi~ gamoqveyne-bul iqna 1904 wels. meore, `4 milioni~, gamoica 2 wlis dagvianebiT, romelic Seicavda mis ucnobiles novelebs: `megis saCuqari~ da `morTuli oTaxi~. `mowesrigebuli lampa~ (1907) Sevida krebul ùkanasknel foTolSi~. henris ucnobilesi naSromia anTologiis ti-pis `wiTeli Sefis gamosasyidi~, romelic Sesulia krebul `karuselSi~ (1910). dasavleTis guli (1907) warmodgenilia moTxrobaTa krebul `texasis saZovarSi~. o’henrim gamosca 10 krebuli, romelSic Sesulia 600 da meti novela, romelTac werda sicocxlis bolomde.

o’henri moTxrobebis didostatia. ar dauweria raime mozrdili nawarmoebi. sikvdi-lis win Tqva, rom rac aqamde davwere, am didi wignisTvis mzadebaa, axla rom davwero, Tumca ar dascalda. misi sami moTxroba: èqvsianebi da Svidianebi~, `moZravi qvebi~ da `colebi da mawanwalebi~ cnobili gaxda misi sikvdilis Semdgom.

o’henri bolo wlebSi daavadda alkoholizmiT, rasac finansuri problemebi daemata. is daqorwinda sara lindsi kolemanze 1907 wels, magram misi qorwineba bednieri ar yofi-la, erTi wlis Semdeg isini gaeyarnen.

o’henri 1910 wlis 5 ivniss niu-iorkSi gardaicvala diabetisa da RviZlis cirozisa-gan, ukiduresad Raribi da martoxela. misi ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo: àanTeT sanTeli _ sibneleSi sikvdili ar minda~.

qartuli ena da literatura 8 - eprints.iliauni.edu.geeprints.iliauni.edu.ge/1955/1/qartuli me-8...

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