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qarTuli ena da literatura

V klasis saxelmZRvanelo

avtor-Semdgenlebi: vaxtang rodonaia nino nakudaSvili avTandil arabuli marine xuciSvili

2011

qarTuli ena da literatura

V klasis saxelmZRvanelo

avtor-Semdgenlebi: vaxtang rodonaia nino nakudaSvili avTandil arabuli marine xuciSvili

redaqtorebi: maia jaliaSvili

fati firuaSvili

mxatvari: mariam jandieri

kompiuteruli

uzrunvelyofa qeTevan gogava

Yydis garekanze gamoyenebulia esma onianis ferweruli namuSevari.

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I Tavi. gogonebi da biWebi

eTeri _ revaz inaniSvilis ....................................................... 11nisli zmorebiT adga miwidan _ SoTa niSnianiZis ........ 15ukuRma daWedili _ revaz inaniSvilis .............................. 18fexqveS gaTela Semodgomam xeWeWurebi _ SoTa niSnianiZis .............................................. 22miranduxti _ revaz inaniSvilis .......................................... 26uTauri biWis Tavgadasavali _ otia ioselianis .......... 37kargi var _ xalxuri ................................................................. 44saqmeze weli gwydebao _ xalxuri ...................................... 45ganelebuli koconi _ givi buTxuzis ................................ 47kacad maSin xar saqebi _ ilia WavWavaZis .......................... 52SromiT da simamaciT _ xalxuri .......................................... 53 enis samyaroSi

sityva da Jesti GCvens cxovrebaSi ....................................... 16sityva .............................................................................................. 23sityvis mniSvneloba ................................................................. 35sityva sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT ......................................... 45sinonimebi ..................................................................................... 53

II Tavi. deda, mSobliuri garemo

iavnanam ra hqmna?! _ iakob gogebaSvilis .......................... 57iavnana _ xalxuri ...................................................................... 86GCveni qarTuli _ sityvaqarguli _ ioseb noneSvilis 87GCemi Tavgadasavali _ akaki wereTlis ................................ 88deda _ aleko Sengeliasi ........................................................ 116dedas _ giorgi leoniZis ....................................................... 117

enis samyaroSi

sinonimebis SerCGeva .................................................................. 71sinonimTa Serwyma ...................................................................... 75antonimebi .................................................................................... 79sityvaTa warmoqmna ................................................................. 106rTuli sityvebis marTlwera .............................................. 114

III Tavi. saxelovani winaprebi

vaxtang mefe _ xalxuri ......................................................... 121vaxtang mefe _ SoTa niSnianiZis ......................................... 122

Sinaarsi

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Tamaris droSa gaSales _ grigol orbelianis ............. 123nikoloz gostaSabiSvili _ ilia WavWavaZis ................. 126mtris Zleva _ ilia WavWavaZis ............................................ 132aseTi dari Tu iyo maSin _ ana kalandaZis ...................... 134Tbilisi _ oTar WilaZis ........................................................ 137krwanisis yayaCGoebi _ lado asaTianis ............................ 138sizmari _ akaki wereTlis ...................................................... 140cxovreba mefeT-mefe daviTisi _ ucnobi avtoris ..... 143vaJkacsa guli rkinisa _ xalxuri .................................... 144kidevac daizrdebian _ xalxuri ....................................... 145

enis samyaroSi

winadadeba ................................................................................... 125winadadebis intonacia da sasveni niSnebi .................... 133 winadadebis wevrebi ................................................................ 136 martivi da rTuli winadadeba ............................................ 141 winadadebis swori warmoTqma da sasveni niSnebi ...... 146

IV Tavi. SoTa da saba

vefxistyaosani _ SoTa rusTavelisambavi rostevan arabTa mefisa ........................................... 149sibrZne-sicruisa _ sulxan-saba orbelianisigav-arakebi: usamarTlo Sirvan Sahi ............................. 156mefe da avsityva ........................................................................ 159ormoSi GCagdebuli mefe ........................................................ 161eniT dakodili .......................................................................... 164utkbesi da umwaresi ............................................................... 165

enis samyaroSi

sityvaTa klasebi ...................................................................... 153roca sityva formas icvlis ................................................ 154arsebiTi saxeli ........................................................................ 158arsebiTi saxelis jgufebi ................................................... 160bruneba ......................................................................................... 162saxelis mravlobiTi ricxvi

V Tavi. ra xdeba zRaparSi?

zRapari gerisa da dedinacvlisa _ xalxuri ............... 169sabralo dedabrisasa _ xalxuri ...................................... 180pepela _ guram petriaSvilis .............................................. 184

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enis samyaroSi

Tandebuli da maTi daniSnuleba ...................................... 178zedsarTavi saxeli .................................................................. 179zedsarTavi saxelis bruneba arsebiTTan erTad ........ 180ricxviTi saxeli ....................................................................... 188rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli .................................................. 189

VI Tavi. adamiani da buneba

aragvs _ nikoloz baraTaSvilis ......................................... 193gazafxul iyo maSina _ xalxuri ........................................ 195 Svlis nukris naambobi _ vaJa-fSavelasi ....................... 196TuTa _ ana kalandaZis ............................................................. 214muxa _ revaz inaniSvilis ....................................................... 215celi kivis _ galaktion tabiZis ......................................... 218qari hqris _ galaktion tabiZis .......................................... 221gazafxuli _ ilia WavWavaZis ............................................... 223gazafxuli _ vaJa-fSavelasi ............................................... 224

enis samyaroSi

nacvalsaxeli ............................................................................ 195GCvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli ....................................................... 198kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli .............................................. 202zmna ................................................................................................. 206moqmedeba da moqmedi pirebi ............................................... 209pirebis Sewyoba zmnasTan ..................................................... 213zmnis cvla pirebis mixedviT .............................................. 218zmna da moqmedebis dro ......................................................... 222zmniswini ..................................................................................... 225

VII Tavi. pirispir

gaRmivlebi _ goderZi Coxelis ........................................... 229bibliuri istoria _ iakob gogebaSvilis mixedviT ..... 236

enis samyaroSi

kuTvnilebis gamoxatva zmnis formebiT ....................... 241mravlobiTSi fuZemonacvle zmnebi ................................ 246

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g i l o c a v T !

Sen ukve mexuTeklaseli xar da xelSi axali saxelmZ Rva-nelo giWiravs. aq uamravi saintereso ram gelis: wa i kiTxav moTxrobebsa da leqsebs Seni Tanatolebis, gmiri winapre-bis, adamianis umcrosi megobrebis _ cxovelebisa da frin-velebis _ Sesaxeb; iswavli, rogor dawero moTxroba, ro-gor gadmosce vrceli teqsti mokled da rogor Caasworo Seni naweri; gaigeb, ra aris Tema, dedaazri, sakvanZo sit-yvebi da, rac mTavaria, iswavli, ra unda gaakeTo imisaT-vis, rom ukeT gaigo, rasac kiTxulob, anu iswavli kiTxvis strategiebs.

maS ase, daviwyoT!

kiTxvis strategiebi

strategia moqmedebis gegmaa, romelic unda gamoiyeno kiTxvis dawyebamde, kiTxvis dros da kiTxvis damTavrebis Semdeg.

kiTxvis dawyebamde

� gadaaTvaliere teqsti, waikiTxe saTauri, avtoris gvari da saxeli, daakvirdi ilustraciebs;

� scade gamoicno, ris Sesaxeb iqneba masSi saubari;

� gaixsene, ra ici msgavsi teqstebis, mocemuli Temis an avtoris Sesaxeb;

� gansazRvre kiTxvis mizani (ra mizniT kiTxulob te-qsts: ubralod gainteresebs, misi mokle Sinaarsi unda gadmosce, raRacis gageba gsurs, raRac unda iswavlo teqstidan da sxv.).

kiTxvis dros

ifiqre imaze, ra aris teqstSi SenTvis gasagebi da ra _ gaugebari. gamoiyene gagebis strategiebi, kerZod:

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� Seajame wakiTxuli. dro da dro SeCerdi da dafiqrdi, ra iTqva an ra moxda mniSvnelovani teqstis mocemul monakveTSi;

� dasvi kiTxvebi. dausvi kiTxvebi sakuTar Tavs wakiT-xulis Sesaxeb da scade maTze pasuxis gacema;

� Seamowme gageba. Tu ver gaige, rasac kiTxulob, xe-laxla gadaikiTxe teqstis bundovani monakveTi an gaagrZele kiTxva, iqneb Semdgomma Txrobam mohfinos naTeli SenTvis gaugebar adgils.

kiTxvis damTavrebis Semdeg

imsjele TanaklaselebTan wakiTxulis Sesaxeb. ganmar-te, romeli strategiebi gamoiyene da ratom?

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waikiTxeT revaz inaniSvilis moTxrobis saTauri, daak vir diT ilustracias (gv. 12). rogor fiqrobT, ras mog viTxrobs mwe rali am nawarmoebSi?

axla waikiTxeT moTxrobis teqsti da SeecadeT su ra Tebis saxiT warmoidginoT is, rasac mwerali gi am bobT.

revaz inaniSvili

eTeri

am soflidan yvelani wavidnen, zogni qalaqSi, zognic aq­ve ax los, baris soflebSi. marTalia, aTiode saxli jer isev sa xuravmTeli dgas, magram sami saxlis mets yvelas mZime boq­lomi adevs, mxolod sami saxlidan amodis xolme dila­saRa­mos kvamli, im sami saxlidanac orSi wlebisagan aCrdilebad qce uli dedabrebi cxovroben, gamovlen da mwuxared daexa­tebian derefnis kedelze, xan warbebTan udevT akankalebuli xeli, xan yuris ukan; gamudmebiT viRacas elian, exmaurebian yovel patara Cqams:

_ biWo, gogo! xom aravina xarT mand?daberebulan maTi baRis xeebic _ niavi aqanavebs WianaWam

qer qebs, balaxebSi yria wiTeli vaSlebi, daCamiCebuli1 Savi WanWuri. dampala, Cafexvila2 Robis latnebi,3 Zurwa4 da nari5 mosdebia bilikebs. ezoSi dadis martoobiT gadayruebuli ZaRli, sami Tu oTxi qaTami, erTi ZurwaSexorxlili Txa, xe­eb ze modian TiTqosda dakarguli Citbatonebi.6

mxolod mesame saxls etyoba kacis xeli. jer isev nedli rcxilis wneliT aris SemoRobili maRali saCexe,7 Sig cxvre­bi bRavian, moTreulia xerxiT moWrili ori veeba wifeli, be­beri pantis Zirze mikrulia axaldakluli Txis rqebi, baRi gadaCiCqnilia bariT, _ es­esaa odnav svelSi amouRiaT karto­

1 daCamiCGebuli _ CamiCad qceuli, damWknari. 2 GCafexvili _ Zveli da Cangreuli.3 latani _ wvrili da grZeli Zeli.4 Zurwa _ balaxi, ikeTebs yviTel da mwvane yvavilebs.5 nari _ eklovani balaxi.6 GCitbatona _ Wreli mgalobeli Citi.7 saGCexe _ SeRobili sadgomi cxvris (pirutyvis).

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fili. saxlisken midis fexiT gazekili1 biliki, dabali kibis ZirSi, safxekTan, datovebulia fexis talaxi. dadian batebi, indaurebi.

saxlSi cxovroben: mama, deda da aTi wlis gogo eTeri. ma­ma tyismcvelia, deda dabla, meZroxeobis fermaSi2 muSa obs, eTeri meoTxe klasSi swavlobs. rogorc yvela qarTveli go­go, isic morcxvia da ufrosebTan yovelTvis Tavdaxrili dgas. am dros misi cisferi Tvalebi xan erT mxares eZeben ga ­saqcevs, xan meore mxares. kargad damrgvalebuli loyebi wiT­lad aqvs SeSaSruli,3 kidev ufro wiTel xelebs zurgs ukan malavs.

eTeri rom adgeba, deda ukve fermaSia wasuli. SiSveli fe xebiT aiTrevs rezinis Ceqmebs, gaivl­gamoivlis, daxe­davs indaurebs da batebs, CaiWvriteba saCexeSic _ batkani xom ar moigo romelime cxvarma. derefnis boZze dakide­bul pirsabanze daibans xel­pirs, SeimSralebs, Caicvams, ga­moewyoba saskoled, Caiyris cxel rZeSi purs, Tan Wams, Tan qvabze miyudebul wignSi iyureba. morCeba Wamas, CanTaSi

1 gazekili _ gatkepnili.2 ferma _ saqonlis sadgomi da mosavleli Senoba.3 SeSaSruli _ Sebrawuli.

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Caawyobs wignebs, puris natexs, vaSlebs, Caicvams wiTel mok­le palto sac, moixvevs mosaxvevs, aikidebs CanTas da wava sko laSi.

skolac dablaa, meore sofelSi. gakveTilebi aT saaTze ewyebaT! sanam iq Cava, tyea, Tav­Tavqve Camavali, SewiTle­buli, foTlebSeTxelebuli. midis, dilis cincxal haerSi TiT qos cxviriT miikvlevs gzas, miabuqebs Camoxvavebul aTa si feris foTlebs, waswvdeba wiTlad aRudRudebul1 ku nels,2 pawawa xmaurzedac ki krTeba, dadidebuli Tvale­biT iyureba aqeT­iqiT. xandaxan mirbis kidec, miifexveba,3 miafaxfaxebs CanTas. vinc ki Sexvdeba, yvela gaRimebuli egebeba, _ midi xar, eTer­qalo, skolaSio? eTeri mxolod Tavs uqnevs da ufro bejiTad miadgams nabijebs.

sofelSi Casuls zogjer Tu daemgzavreba romelime mos wavle, umetesad marto midis. Cava xevSi. iq, did lodebs Soris, moCqrialebs lurji mTis wyali, im wyals orjer amohkravs xels, Sesvams cotas da mere cisken mipyrobili TvalebiT daiwyebs aRmarTze asvlas.

aRmarTi arc ki aqvs aTavebuli, gamoCndeba skolac _ da ­bali, qarTulkramitiani, grZeli, SeTeTrebuli Senoba. sof ­luri derefnis boZze kidia TiTbris4 mozrdili zari, zed aweria: `wmindao giorgi Semwe meyav me uRirssa winaSe RmrTi­sa~. ezoSi dgas lamazad asuli cacxvi, iqve _ muxis boZebSi gayrili savarjiSo RerZi, cacxvis qveS _ grZeli ficris skami.

eTeri gulmodgined iwmends fexebs safxekad dagdebul did guTnis saxnisze. mere derefanSi Sedis. derefnis ke­delze Camwkrivebulia TeTr materiaze5 yavisferi saRe­baviT daxa tuli, gadaxunebuli, gadacrecili suraTebi _ akaki wereTeli (safeTqelTan mitanili lamazi xeliT), va­Ja­fSavela, daniel WonqaZe, egnate ninoSvili, Sio aragvi­spireli da ekaterine gabaSvili.

eTeri moridebiT gaivlis am suraTebis qveS da dainte­resebuli SeaRebs klasis kars. SigniT jer aravin aris, dgas mxolod xuTi carieli merxi (jgufSi cxrani arian), erTic Tunuqis6 daJanguli Rumeli.

1 aRudRudebuli _ aferadebuli.2 kuneli _ ekliani buCqi, isxams Sav nayofs.3 miifexveba _ borZikiT midis.4 TiTberi _ TeTri feris liToni.5 materia _ qsovili.6 Tunuqi _ rkinis furceli.

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eTeri rom CanTas moixsnis, maSin SemoaRebs kars didTa­va, dafeTebuli biWi.

_ toye! _ salamiviT Seagebebs eTeri.biWi arafers ambobs, iRimeba.klasis kedelze dabeWdili suraTi kidia. xea ayvavebu­

li, xis iqiT traqtori xnavs, naxnavs gundad dastrialeben frin velebi. qveS miwerili aqvs `gazafxuli~.

skolis iqiT moCans Zveli, dangreuli eklesia. nangre­vis wverSi afuyuli,1 dardiani ruxi mtredi zis.

eTeri wigns gadaSlis da tuCebis cmacuniT amoikiTxavs:`CineTSi, rogorc iciT, Cinelebi cxovroben, imperato­

ric Cineli hyavT...~tuCebi Ria rCeba, saxeze siamovnebis Suqi efineba.mamamisi zemoT, did tyeebSi daabotebs da xeebs yarau­

lobs _ unebarTvod aravin moWras.

wavikiTxoT, davfiqrdeT, visaubroT:

1. gamarTlda Tu ara Tqveni molodini? ra gviambo mwe­ralma?

2. sad cxovrobs moTxrobis mTavari gmiri? ra iTqva am soflis Sesaxeb moTxrobis pirvelive winadadebaSi?

3. mwerali yuradRebas adamianis sacxovrisze gvimaxvi­lebs. ra niSniT gamoirCa aTiod saxli, imaTgan _ sami, im samidan _ ori?

4. vin Cndeba pirvelad sofelSi? vis an ras elian, Tqveni azriT, dedabrebi?

5. gadmoeciT, rogor ixateba xeebi, maTi nayofi, Robe, bi­likebi, cxovelebi, frinvelebi _ risi kvali daCnevia yovelive amas?

6. `mxolod mesame saxls etyoba kacis xeli~, _ gveubneba mwe­rali. sxvagan bilikebs Zurwa da nari mosdebia, am saxls ki `adamianis fexiT gazekili~ biliki miudis. danarCeni gan masxvavebeli detalebi iqneb Tqven daZebnoT.

7. ra aRmoCnda patara eTeris mTavari pirovnuli Tviseba? eTerze saubrisas mis ra garegnul niSnebzea yu radReba gamaxvilebuli?

8. eTeris garegnoba sul ramdenime sityviT daixata. sa­magierod ra aRwera mweralma zedmiwevniTi sizustiT? ra mizans isaxavs es aRwera?

1 afuyuli _ aq: mxrebaweuli, abuzuli.

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9. skola meore sofelSia. iq misvlamde gogonam didi gza unda gaiaros. dawvrilebiT aRwereT eTeris gza saxli­dan skolamde.

10. skolis kedelze qarTveli mwerlebis portretebi gau­k ravT. romeli detalebi iqcevs yuradRebas maT aRwe­raSi? rogor daukavSirda es portretebi moTxrobis mTavar gmirs?

11. rogor fiqrobT, ratom iRimeba eTeri wignis kiTxvis dros?

12. Tqveni azriT, moTxrobaSi mTavari gmiris cxovrebis erTi, gamorCeuli dRea aRwerili, Tu sxva dReebis msga­vsi dRe?

damatebiTi amocanebi

SegiZlia warmoidgino?

gagiWirdaT mwerlis mier `daxatuli~ suraTebis war­modgena? aRwereT, romeli `suraTi~ warmogidgaT Tvalwin yvelaze cxadad am nawarmoebis kiTxvis dros. iyo nawar­moebSi iseTi adgili, romelic ver gaigeT an ver warmoid­gineT?

gaxsovdeT: kargi mkiTxveli is aris, visac wakiTxulis TvalnaTliv warmodgena SeuZlia.

savarjiSo: waikiTxeT qvemoT moyvanili leqsi da upa­suxeT kiTxvebs:

SoTa niSnianiZe * * * nisli zmorebiT adga miwidan mooqrovili da movercxlili, sarze mamalma xma Caiwminda _ mze gadaylapa Toxlo kvercxiviT.

risi suraTia aRwerili am leqsSi? (gaixseneT, rodis yi­vis mamali);

rogor gesmiT: `nisli zmorebiT adga miwidan~? rogor warmogidgeniaT nislis `miwidan adgoma~?

rogor fiqrobT, marTla gadaylapa mamalma mze? rogor unda gavigoT poetis es sityvebi?

ras daarqmevdiT am usaTauro leqss?

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mTavari azri da detalebi

gavixsenoT, rogor iwyeba moTxrobis is abzaci, romelSic eTeris saxlia aRwerili: `mxolod mesame saxls etyoba ka­cis xeli~,_ gveubneba avtori. Semdeg ki am winadadebaSi ga­moTqmuli azris damadasturebeli detalebia CamoTvlili: `jer isev nedli rcxilis wneliT aris SemoRobili maRali saCexe~.., `moTreulia xerxiT moWrili ori veeba wifeli~ da sxv. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am abzacis mTavari azri mis pirvel winadadebaSia gamoTqmuli, abzacis danarCeni nawili ki am az­ris gavrcobas, mis TvalsaCinod warmosaxvas emsaxureba.

daimaxsovreT

mTavar azrs abzacis (an teqstis) mTavar saTqmels uwo­deben. detalebi ki is mcire nawilebia, romlebic erTian azrs, erTian suraTs qmnian.

weriTi savarjiSo: a) amoiwereT moTxrobis pirveli abzacidan mTavari azris gamomxatveli winadadeba;b) gaagrZeleT da daasruleT abzaci, romlis mTavari azric Semdegi winadadebiT aris gamoxatuli: `eTeri diliT adre dgeba...~

enis samyaroSi

viswavloT sainformacio teqstis wakiTxva da gadmocema.

sityva da Jesti GCvens cxovrebaSi

moTxrobis mixedviT, eTeri morcxvi da uTqmeli gogo­naa. igi TavdaxriT dgas xolme ufrosebis win; xolo rode­sac ekiTxebian, _ midixar, eTer­qalo, skolaSio? _ eTeri mxolod Tavs uqnevs.

riT gansxvavdeba es kiTxva da pasuxi erTmaneTisagan?imiT, rom kiTxva sityvebiT aris gamoxatuli, pasuxi ki _

garkveuli moZraobiT (Tavis daqneviT).gagebinebis mizniT gamoyenebul aseT moZraobebs Jeste­

bi ewodeba. Jesti Tavis daqneva niSnavs: `ho, diax~; Tavis gaqneva _ `ara~; Tavis gadaqneva _ `ukmayofileba, dananeba~, xelis awe va _ `salami~...

Jestebis garda, adamianebi TavianT grZnobebs xSirad sa xis nakvTebis moZraobiTac gamoxataven, magaliTad, uk­

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mayofilebis niSnad Subls SeiWmuxnian. saxis nakvTebis aseT moZraobas mimika hqvia.

radganac Jest­mimika adamianis cxovrebaSi garkveul ad gils iWerda, is droTa ganmavlobaSi xatovan gamonaT­q vamebs dasdebia safuZvlad:

Sublis Sekvra _ wyroma, gabrazeba; warbis aweva _ gaoceba; cxviris abzueba _ dawuneba; piris daReba _ gakvirveba.

daimaxsovreT

sazogadoebaSi Jest­mimikis gamoyeneba mosawoni ar aris; mas yvelanairad unda aaridoT Tavi.

ra grZnobas gamoxatavs gamoTqma `Tavi daxara~? ra aris Jesti? ra aris mimika? rogor fiqrobT, rodis da ra mizniT iyenebs adamiani

Jest­mimikas?

savarjiSo 1: moZebneT winadadebebSi Jest­mimikis ga­momxatveli xatovani gamonaTqvamebi da axseniT, ras niS­navs isini:

umcrosma ufro warbi Seikra da risxvam elvsaviT gaur­bina saxeze.

ra aqvs dasaRonebeli, rom cxviri CamouSvas?Tayvani sca sworupovars, mis win muxli moiyara.RmerTi ukeTes gazafxuls Segvaswrebs da yvelas Subli

gagvexsneba.

savarjiSo 2: moZebneT Jestebis gamomxatveli gamonaT­qvamebi da scadeT sityvebis meSveobiT gadmosceT isini:

magram sulyvelgan me xels miqnevda Cemi patara patar­Zeuli.

ukmayofilo maswavlebelma warbebi SeiWmuxna.mebaRem RobesTan mdgom biWebs TiTi dauqnia._ ahu! _ Caiqnia xeli ucnobma.aqeT ucecxlo Tafli TiTs gviqnevda: _ modiT, piri Cai­

tkbaruneTo!Cven ki TiTiT yels vuwevdiT da ise vexvewebodiT: _ nu

gagvrekav, ar gveZinebao!