qc11....vivek patel

“The Secret of Success is Constancy to Purpose.”

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VIVEK KUMAR PATEL

153667

CONTENT

1. Introduction to Quality

2. Garvin’s five approaches toward the achievement of quality

3. Quality control

4. Deming’s 14 Points

5. Quality control tool

6. Quality Assurance

7. Quality management principles

8. ISO:9000 Standard

9. conclusion

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QUALITY

“Uncontrolled Variation is the enemy of Quality”.

……..W. Edward Deming

Quality= “Degree or Standard of Excellence”

“You know it when you see it.”

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Garvin’s five approaches toward the achievement of quality:

The transcendent approach : Quality is something we can recognize through experiences but not define.

Product-based approach : Quality is tied to inherent product characteristics.

Manufacturing-based approach : Quality is conformance to specification.

Value-based approach : Quality depends on the amount the customer is willing to pay for it.

User-based approach : Quality is fitness for purpose.

QUALITY

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QUALITY CONTROL

Dr. Ishikawa`s definition of quality control:

“Quality control is to develop, design, produce and service a quality product which is most economical, most useful and always satisfactory to the consumer. To meet this goal, everyone in the company must participate in and promote quality”.

When problems occur:

1. Look into each area

2. Look into each aspect

Key aspects to check:

• Workers’ skill level

• Working environment

• Equipment

• Machines

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http://www.process-improvement-japan.com/total-quality-control.html

QUALITY CONTROL

The Total Quality Control Process

Plan-Do-Control-Action

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DEMING’S 14 POINTS

Deming’s Quality chain

reaction

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https://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~mullins/quality/Deming.pdf

1: Create Constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service, with the aim to become competitive, stay in business.

Purpose:-They must have clarity on the questions; what are we doing, and why are we doing it?

To stay in business requires….

• innovation, research and education

• And constantly improve the design

Deming’s 14 points

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https://leanandkanban.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/deming-pt1.jpg

2:Adopt the new philosophy:

Why?

• The customer demands and tastes change very fast,

We have to accept new philosophies according to

the market trends and technology revolutions.


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3:Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.

Eliminate the need for inspection on a mass basis by

building quality into the product in the first place.

Quality doesn’t come from inspection,

• from improvement of the process. Improve the process

so that defects aren’t produced in the first place.

• This eliminates the need for inspection on a mass

basis.

You can not save money

if you are more worried about

money, than you are about quality.


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4. End lowest tender contracts:

End the practice of awarding business on the basis of

price tag alone.

• Instead, minimise total cost.

• Move toward a single supplier for any one item,

• on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust.


Price has no meaning without

measure of the

quality purchased.

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5. Improve every process:

Improve constantly system of production and service,

to improve quality and productivity, and thus

constantly decrease costs.

• Finding what’s wrong is not improvement.

• Don’t look at outcomes or defects, instead look at

what produces the defects.


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6.Institute modern methods of training on the job

• When training, need to understand what the job is

and why it is being done.

• Training must be done on the job, Learning by doing;

• Going into the work and experimenting with work

methods and new ideas, Studying the results, and

striving for perfection.

• New skills are required to keep up with changes in

tools, methods, techniques, product and service design.


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7. Institute leadership:

The aim of management should be to help people to do a

better job.

• Leadership is required not supervision.

• The emphasis of management must be changed from

sheer numbers to quality. Improvement of quality will

automatically improve productivity.


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8. Drive out fear:

Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively for

the company.

• People are afraid of change, any attempt to make

things better

• Many organisations are run by fear(Like : bonus,

annual ratings)

• To achieve better quality people need to feel

secure


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9. Break down barriers:

Break down barriers between departments. People in

research, design, sales, technology and production

must work as a team.

“everybody wins if the system wins”


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10. Eliminate exhortations:

Eliminate the use of slogans and exhortations for the work

force asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity.

• Ensure you substitute work standards and quotas with

effective leadership and effective methods.

• Substitute effective leadership.


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11. Eliminate arbitrary numerical targets:

• Focus on quality rather than quantity of product.

• Remove obstacles from work.

• Substitute aids and helpful leadership for improvement

• The focus is ”not on how many you make, it is on how

well you make them”.


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12. Permit pride of workmanship:

• Remove the obstacles and barriers that deprive workers,

and people in management

• Abolition of the annual merit rating (appraisal of

performance) which creates conflict and competition

• Involve employees, at all levels, in the process of

improvement.


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13. Encourage education:

Institute a vigorous programme of education and self-

improvement.

• What an organisation needs is not just good people; it

needs people that are improving with education.


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14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish

the transformation. The transformation is everybody’s job.

• Develop a critical mass that will bring about the change; a

critical mass including top management.

• Create a structure in management who spend time in the

work reinforcing and the organisation’s commitment to it’s

customers and to quality.

• Without such a structure no viable long-term benefits will

be achieved.


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SUMMARY:

• They are one philosophy, not a menu you can pick

and choose from

• The 14 points apply anywhere.

• “The 14 points all have one aim, make it possible

for people to work with joy and pride”.


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QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS

1.Checksheet:-

2.Histogram:-

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Defect Type No. of defects Total

Broken zipper √√√ 3

Ripped material √√√√√√√√ 8

Missing buttons √√√ 3

Faded colours √√ 2


3.Pareto

Analysis:-

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Cause No. of defects Percentage

1.Poor design 90 60

2.Wrong part dimension 30 20

3.Defective parts 15 10

4.Incorrect machine setup 12 8

5.Operator error 3 2

TOTAL 150 100

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

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P 1 2 3 4 5 C


4.Flowchart:-

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START Operation Decision

Operation

Decision

Finish

Fe

edback


5.Scatter diagram:-

6.Statitical process

control chart:-

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7.Cause and effect diagram:-

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QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA)

“Way of preventing mistakes or defects and focused on

providing confidence”.

Two principles in quality assurance are:

• "Fit for purpose" (suitable for the intended purpose)

• "right first time" (mistakes should be eliminated)

QA includes

management

of

Quality of Raw

materials

Assemblies,

Products and

Components

Services

related to

Production

management,

production

and inspection

processes 28

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES

The seven quality management principles are:

QMP 1 – Customer focus

QMP 2 – Leadership

QMP 3 – Engagement of people

QMP 4 – Process approach

QMP 5 – Improvement

QMP 6 – Evidence-based decision making

QMP 7 – Relationship management

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http://www.iso.org/iso/pub100080.pdf

ISO:9000 STANDARD

The standards provide guidance and tools to ensure that

• Products and services consistently meet customer’s

requirements, and

• Quality is consistently improved.

Design/

Development Procurement Production Installation Servicing

ISO 9001

ISO 9002

ISO 9003 30

CONCLUSION OF QC

• Important part of quality management system.

• Goal is to identify errors and eliminate them

before reporting patient results.

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qc11....vivek patel

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