qetevan mwedlisvili-hedrixi sesavali sisxlis samartlis

1

qeTevan mWedliSvili-hedrixi

Sesavali sisxlis samarTlis

zogad nawilSi

danaSauli

(leqciebis kursi)

2020-2021 weli

2

avtorisagan

leqciebis es kursi 2020 wels Cemi studentebisaTvis davwere

kovidisas biblioTekis wvdomis SeuZleblobis gamo. 2021 wlis

gazafxulze ki naSroms gadavxede da gadavamuSave. igi SeiZleba

gamoiyenebul iqnas rogorc sisxlis samarTlis TematikaSi

pirveli nabijebis gadasadgmelad, aseve masalis

gadasameorebladac. studentebs vTxov, ar dakmayofildnen

miwvdili informaciiT. am saleqcio kursSi mxolod saWiro da

aucilebeli minimumia ganxiluli.

leqciebis kursi mis srulyofil wignad daxvewamde amgvari

formiT martoden kovidis periodSi arsebuli problemebis gamo

studentebisaTvis xelSewyobis mizniT qveyndeba.

mkiTxvelis akademiuri formiT Camoyalibebul kritikas didi

siamovnebiT miviReb meilze:

[email protected]

qeTevan mWedliSvili-hedrixi

iena, 2021 wlis aprili

3

sarCevi

I. Sesavali..................................................................................................................................................7

1 sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika...................................................................................7

2 sisxlis samarTlis funqcia da misi sistema.............................................8

3 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sistema da misi adresatebi..........11

4 kanonierebis principi.......................................................................................................12

5 kanonis moqmedeba drosa da sivrceSi...............................................................15

6 normis axsna-ganmarteba da analogia...............................................................24

7 danaSaulis agebuleba.....................................................................................................26

II. qmedebis Semadgenloba.........................................................................................................35

1 sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis armqone qmedeba....................35

2 mizezobrioba..............................................................................................................................41

3 obieqturi Seracxva..............................................................................................................48

III. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi...............................53

1 aucilebeli mogerieba......................................................................................................56

2 ukiduresi aucilebloba................................................................................................75

3 „damnaSavis Sepyroba“..........................................................................................................86

44 marTlzomieri riski..........................................................................................................89

5 movaleobaTa kolizia......................................................................................................91

7. dazaralebulis Tanxmoba.............................................................................................94

8. dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba.............................................................101

9. „damnaSavis“ ganiaraReba..............................................................................................105

IV brali..................................................................................................................................................106

1 bralis cneba da adgili danaSaulis sistemaSi................................106

2 Seuracxaoba................................................................................................................................111

3 brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba.........................................................122

4 ganzraxva......................................................................................................................................124

5 faqtobrivi Secdoma...........................................................................................................134

6 faqtobrivi Secdomis specialuri SemTxvevebi.....................................137

7 Secdoma akrZalvaSi.........................................................................................................144

8 moCvenebiTi mogerieba......................................................................................................147

9 Bbralis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucilebloba............................151

10 qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucilebloba...................................................162

V umoqmedoba.......................................................................................................................................165

1 umoqmedobis dasjadobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi...............................165

52 umoqmedobis mizezobriobis winapirobebi.................................................172

3 umoqmedobis marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxva....................................187

3 bralis problemebi umoqmedobis dros.........................................................190

4 umoqmedobis momzadeba da mcdeloba............................................................193

5 danaSaulze xelis aReba Sereuli umoqmedobisas.............................197

6 Tanamonawileoba Sereuli umoqmedobisas.................................................197

7 Sereuli umoqmedoba gaufrTxilebobiT....................................................198

VI gaufrTxilebloba...............................................................................................................202

1 gaufrTxileblobis dogmatikuri safuZvlebi......................................202

2 gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis agebuleba...................................................208

3 obieqturi Seracxva gaufrTxileblobisas...............................................212

4 aucilebeli mogerieba gaufrTxileblobiT..........................................217

5 brali gaufrTxileblobisas....................................................................................217

6 paraleluri amsrulebloba.....................................................................................219

7 momzadebisa da mcdelobis SeuZlebloba................................................223

8 ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis kombinacia..................................224

VII. Tanamonawileoba...................................................................................................................227

1 Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis dogmatikuri safuZvlebi.........227

62 amsrulebeli da Tanaamsrulebeli..................................................................228

3 SualobiTi amsrulebeli..............................................................................................239

4 TanamonawileobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis winapirobebi...........250

5 organizatori............................................................................................................................253

6 wamqezebeli................................................................................................................................256

7 damxmare........................................................................................................................................262

VIII daumTavrebeli danaSauli.......................................................................................267

1 danaSaulis ganviTarebis stadiebi...................................................................267

2 danaSaulis formaluri da materialuri damTavreba..................269

3 daumTavrebeli danaSaulis niSnebi..................................................................271

4 uvargisi mcdeloba...........................................................................................................275

5 momzadebis da mcdelobis dasjis safuZveli........................................279

6 daumTavrebeli danaSaulis problematuri sakiTxebi..................281

7 danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba...................................................286

7

I. Sesavali

1 sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika

termini dogma ZvelberZnulidan momdinareobs da qarTulad

azrs, doqtrinas, regulirebas niSnavs. dogmad mecnierebaSi im

ZiriTad debulebas Tvlian, romlis WeSmariteba sayovelTaodaa

aRiarebuli da romelsac ukritikod iReben. dogmatizmi

zogadad arakritikul azrovnebas ewodeba, xolo dogmatikosi –

dogmebiT anu arakritikulad moazrovnes. sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatika sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebis nawilia da ara

arakritikuli azrovnebis wesi. sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika

esaa disciplina, romelic aanalizebs moqmed sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdeblobas da romelsac sistemaSi mohyavs igi.K

kontinentalevropuli (an romaul-evropuli) sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikis amocanaa moqmedi normatiuli masalis ganmarteba da

kanonSi arsebuli xarvezebis Sevseba. kontinentalevropuli

sisxlis samarTali samarTlis pozitivizms, anu kanonmdeblobas

eyrdnoba, gansxvavebiT angloamerikuli samarTlisagan, romelic

tradiciuli SemTxvevebis analizzea dafuZnebuli (case law).

sasamarTlo precedents (samagaliTo SemTxvevas) angloamerikul

sisxlis samarTalSi savaldebulo Zala (stare decisis anu laT.

Zvel gadawyvetilebaTa erTguleba) aqvs. precedentuli SemTxveva

samagaliTo iuridiuli SemTxvevaa, romelic sxva msgavs

SemTxvevaTa gadawyvetis masStabs qmnis.K zemdgomi sasamarTlo

iSviaTad kontinetalevropul sisxlis samarTalSic iRebs

qvemdgomi sasamarTloebisaTvis aucilebel precedentul

gadawyvetilebas. amgvari precedentuli gadawyvetilebani an

8metad mniSvnelovan da manamde gadauwyvetel problemebze, anda

kidev gamyarebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sesacvlelad miiReba.

2 sisxlis samarTlis funqcia da misi sistema

sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa dacva ZiriTadad Sinagani

kontrolis, anu socializaciis (sazogadoebis mier aRiarebuli

socialuri normebis gaTavisebis) da garegani, anu sazogadoebis

sxvadasxva jgufebis mier ganxorcielebuli kontrolis

(sazogadoebis wevrTa negatiuri da pozitiuri sanqciebis)

saSualebiT xorcieldeba. sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqcia

adamianis uflebebSi yvelaze ufro metad iWreba, amitomac

saxelmwifom sisxlis samarTlis gamoyenebis sfero unda

SezRudos da adamianTa urTierTobis mosawesrigeblad mxolod

da mxolod maSin gamoiyenos, rodesac socialuri wesrigi

arsebiTadaa xelyofili. sisxlis samarTlis SesazRudad

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo sisxlis samarTlis politikis or

ZiriTad princips iyenebs. esenia mciremniSvnelovnebis da

subsidiarobis principebi.1

mciremniSvnelovnebis principi miuTiTebs imaze, rom

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli mxolod is

samarTaldarRvevaa, romelmac samarTlebrivi sikeTe daaziana.

mciremniSvnelovnebis principi sisxlis samarTalSi

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli proporciulobis

principis gamoxatulebaa. am principis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos

reaqcia moqalaqis mier ganxorcielebuli samarTaldarRvevaze

misi proporciuli unda iyos. saxelmwifom beRuras zarbazani

1 sisxlis samarTlis principebze dawvrilebiT ix. naWyebia, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.),

sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 49-66.

9ar unda esrolos. ssk me-7 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT

(sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli) qarTveli

kanonmdebeli mciremniSvnelovan qmedebas danaSaulad ar Tvlis.

es muxli proporciulobis principis sakanonmdeblo aRiarebaa.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqciis gamoyeneba samarTlebriv

saxelmwifoSi mxolod maSin daiSveba, rodesac konfliqtis

mowesrigeba samarTlis sxva dargebis saSualebiT SeuZlebelia.

sisxlis samarTlis, rogorc saxelmwifos mier urTierTobis

mowesrigebis yvelaze mkacri saSualebis gamoyeneba aucilebeli

unda iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom sisxlis samarTals

subsidiaruli2, anu damatebiTi, sarezervo xasiaTi unda hqondes.

Temidas basri maxvili samarTlebriv saxelwifoSi

urTierTobaTa mowesrigebis mxolod da mxolod ukanaskneli

saSualebaa anu ultima ratio (ukanaskneli gamosavali interesTa

konfliqtis dros).

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis amocanaa

socialurad saSiSi qmedebebis aRkveTa da ara sazogadoebaSi

maRali moraluri standartebis damkvidreba.M sisxlis

samarTali adamianis pirad cxovrebaSi ar ereva da pirs ar sjis,

rodesac is seqsualur partniors wamdauwum icvlis,

crupentelaa da zogadad araa „sando kaci“.

magaliTi: petre qals Sepirda, colad SegirTavo da masTan nebayoflobiT

daamyara seqsualur kontaqti, Semdeg ki colad SerTvaze uari uTxra. mas

am qmedebisaTvis sisxlis samarTali ver dasjis, radgan gaupatiureba (ssk

137-e muxli) seqsualur urTierTobis damyarebaa ZaladobiT, Zaladobis

muqariT, anda dazaralebulis umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT. qalis

2 subsidium laTin. daxmareba, rezervi.

10ndobis borotad gamoyeneba da amgvarad masTan kavSiris damyareba

moralurad gasakicxi qmedebaa, rac sisxlissamarTlebrivad ar isjeba.

magaliTi: petrem mdidar qals Tavi milionerad moaCvena da colobaze

daiyola.Qqalma gaTxovebis Semdeg gaigo, rom bina, romelSic petre

cxovrobda, naqiravebi iyo da manqana, romliTac petre mas daaseirnebda –

misi megobrisa, restornebSi daxarjuli fuli ki petres valad adevs.Qqalma

es valebi nebayoflobiT gaistumra. miuxedavad imisa, rom qals valis

gadaxdiT qonebrivi ziani miadga, petre verc TaRliTobisaTvis (ssk 180-e

muxli) da verc motyuebiT qonebrivi dazianebisaTvis (ssk 185-e muxli) ver

daisjeba, radgan qalisaTvis qonebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb araswori

informaciis mowodeba da misi colobaze dayolieba

sisxlissamarTlebrivad akrZaluli qmedeba araa.

samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi amoralur qcevebze reagireba

mxolod socialuri normebis saSualebiT xdeba.AamasTan,

socialuri jgufebis reaqcia sazogadoebis mier arasasurvelad

aRqmul ama Tu im qmedebaze adamianis uflebebsa da

Tavisuflebebs ar unda xelyofdes.

sisxlis samarTlis amocanaa samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva da

ara sazogadoebrivad saSiSi elementebis winaaRmdeg brZola.

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTali qmedebis

samarTalia. igi krZalavs da sjis mxolod adamianis

marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleul qmedebas (ssk me-7 muxlis 1-li

nawili), romelic samarTlebriv sikeTes xelyofs an misi

arsebobis safrTxes qmnis da ara adamianis zogad

antisazogadoebriv ganwyobas da mis saSiS fiqrebs.

samarTlebrivi sikeTe sazogadoebis mier aRiarebuli

umniSvnelovanesi idealuri Rirebulebaa. samarTlebrivi sikeTe

da danaSaulebrivi qmedebis obieqti erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba.

samarTlebrivi sikeTea adamianis sicocxle, janmrTeloba,

11Tavisufleba da sxv., danaSaulebrivi qmedebis obieqti ki - misi

sxeulebrivi gamoxatuleba.

3 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis sistema da misi adresatebi

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis wyaroa sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsi, romelic miRebulia 1999 wlis 22 ivliss da ZalaSia

2000 wlis 1 ivnisidan.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ori nawilisagan, zogadi da kerZo

nawilisagan, Sedgeba. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis zogadi

nawili moicavs zogad, „frCxilebs gareT gatanil“ debulebebsa

da cnebebs danaSaulsa da sasjelze, kerZo nawili ki –

calkeuli danaSaulis Semadgenlobebs, umarTlobis Sinaarss, anu

dispoziciebs da sasjelebs, anu sanqciebs.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss ori adresati hyavs - moqalaqe da

saxelmwifos samarTaldamcavi organoebi. sisxlis samarTali

ukrZalavs adamians, ar Seasrulos esa Tu is qmedeba (ar moklas

kaci, ssk 108-116-e muxlebi), anda misgan moiTxovs ama Tu im

qmedebis Sesrulebas (mag., moyvasis daxmarebas. gansacdelSi

mitoveba ssk 128-e muxli).

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis adresatia aseve

saxelmwifos samarTaldamcavi organoc, romelic valdebulia

piri sisxlis samarTlis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli

specialuri proceduris dacviT dasajos, anu martoden maSin, Tu

man sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi

gaTvaliswinebuli romelime qmedeba ganaxorciela.

124 kanonierebis principi

kanonierebis principis mokle formulaa - ar aris danaSauli, ar

aris sasjeli kanonis gareSe – laTinurad - Nullum crimen sine lege,

nulla poena sine lege. kanonierebis principi Camoayaliba Cezare

bekariam, misi es Tanamedrove formulireba ki germaneli

mecnieris, anselm foierbaxis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.3

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba pirovnebis garantiebs

swored kanonierebis principis safuZvelze qmnis. samarTlebriv

saxelmwifoSi kanonierebis princips konstituciuri rangi

eniWeba. igi gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis 31-e

muxlis me-9 punqtSi da aseve reglamentirebulia saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-2 muxlis 1-l nawilsa (sisxlis

samarTlis kanonis moqmedeba droSi) da me-7 muxlis 1-l

nawilSi (sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZveli).

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo Tavis YZalauflebas kanoniT boWavs

da aRiarebs kanonierebis princips, romelic oTx akrZalvas

moicavs. es akrZalvebia:

nullum crimen sine lege scripta – araa danaSauli kanonis gareSe -

kanonierebis principis erT-erTi gamoxatulebaa. qmedebis

danaSaulebriobas da dasjadobas mxolod da mxolod

kanonmdebeli gansazRvravs. dauwereli, CveulebiTi samarTlis

normis gamoyeneba piris sazianod sisxlis samarTalSi

dauSvebelia.

CveulebiTi samarTlidan momdinare marTwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli garemoebaa dazaralebulis Tanxmoba da

3 anselm foierbaxi cnobili germaneli filsofosis, ludvig foierbaxis mama gaxldaT.

13dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba, rac piris sasargeblod

gamoiyeneba. CveulebiT samarTalze dafuZnebuli

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebad iTvleboda

bavSvis cema „arawori qmedebisaTvis“ aRmzrdelobiTi mizniT

mSoblis an maswavleblis mier. dReisaTvis bavSvis cema ojaxuri

Zaladoba da danaSaulia.

nullum crimen sine lege certa – ganusazRvreli normebis Seqmnis

akrZalvas moiTxovs. kanonmdebeli valdebulia, akrZaluli

qmedeba da masTan dakavSirebuli sanqcia zustad Camoayalibos,

raTa sazogadoebis wevrebma es akrZalva gaacnobieron da maT

amgvarad kanonis Sesabamisad moqmedebis SesaZlebloba hqondeT.

„kauCukis“ an „rezinis“ norma kanonierebis dacvas ki ara, aramed

sayovelTao SiSis damkvidrebas emsaxureba. amgvari kanonebi

totaluri saxelmwifoebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.

1960 wlis qarTuli sabWoTa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan

yvelaze gansusazRvrel Semadgenlobad SeiZleba miviCnioT

xulignobis Semadgenloba (ssk 228-e muxli), romlis mixedviTac

isjeboda xulignoba, anu ganzraxi qmedeba, rac uxeSad arRvevs

sazogadoebriv wesrigs da gamoxatavs aSkara upativcemulobas

sazogadoebisadmi. Tu rodis iyo sazogadoebrivi wesrigis

darRveva uxeSi da rodis gamoxatavda piri sazogadoebisadmi

aSkara upativcemulobas, sasamarTlos gansjis sakiTxi iyo.

amgvarad, danaSaulis Semadgenlobis es SefasebiTi niSnebi

mosamarTles kanonis farTo interpretaciis da sxvagvarad

moazrovneTa dasjis saSualebas aZlevda.

aseve ganusazRvreli iyo bolSevikuri epoqis gariJraJze

miRebul sisxlissamarTlebriv aqtebSi mocemuli sanqciebic.

14sanqcia „revoluciuri kanonebis mTeli sisastikiT dasja“,

„sastik pasuxisgebaSi micema“ (da ara mag., Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

amdeni da amdeni wliT da sxv.) mravlad gvxvdeboda 20-iani

wlebis sabWoTa periodis sisxlis samarTlis kanonebSi. 1960

wlis saqarTvelos ssk kanonierebis princips aRiarebda da

amgvar ganusazRvrel sanqciebs ukve aRar iTvaliswinebda.

nullum crimen sine lege stricta – kanonierebis principis gamoxatulebaa

da kanonis analogiis akrZalvas niSnavs. analogia kanonSi

gaTvaliswinebuli normis gamoyenebaa msgavs, magram ara kanonSi

zustad gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebze. sisxlis samarTalSi

kanonis analogia piris sazianod akrZalulia, dasaSvebia kanonis

analogiis gamoyeneba piris sasargeblod. mag., ssk 30-e muxli

moicavs marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel zekanonur

garemoebebs, ssk 38-e muxli ki – bralis gamomricxvel zekanonur

garemoebebs. kanonmdebeli am muxlebiT uSvebs sisxlis

samarTlis kanonis gamoyenebas analogiiT piris sasargeblod.

akrZalulia piris sazianod kanonis sityvasityviTi

mniSvnelobidan gadaxveva rogorc kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli

qmedebis sazRvrebis gafarToebiT (analogia), aseve kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis sazRvrebis daviwroebiT

(aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebis SezRudva, teleologiuri

reduqcia).

sabWoTa sisxlis samarTlis, iseve, rogorc nacisturi germaniis

totalitaruli saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba,

1958 wlamde piris sazianod analogiis gamoyenebas

iTvaliswinebda.Ddasjadi iyo nebismieri sazogadoebrivad saSiSi

qmedeba da ara qmedeba, rac sisxlis samarTlis kanonSi iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli. qmedebis danaSaulebriobis sakiTxs amitomac

15mosamarTle wyvetda da ara kanonmdebeli. amgvarad erTmaneTSi

ireoda saxelmwifo xelisuflebis StoTa funqciebi.

saqarTvelos 1960 wlis kodeqsma sabolood akrZala analogia

da aRiara kanonierebis principi.

nullum crimen sine lege praevia – kanonierebis principis kidev erTi

gamoxatulebaa da kanonis ukuZalis akrZalvas niSnavs. kanons,

romelic afuZnebs qmedebis dasjadobas, an amkacrebs sasjels,

ara aqvs ukuZala.Ksisxlis samarTlis kanoni mxolod im

qmedebaTa dasasjelad gamoiyeneba, romelic pirma am kanonis

miRebamde Caidina. kanons ukuZala mxolod maSin aqvs, rodesac

igi auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas an amsubuqebs sasjels

(ssk me-3 muxlis 1-li nawili).

5 kanonis moqmedeba drosa da sivrceSi

kanonis moqmedeba droSi kanonis ukuZalis akrZalvis problemas

ukavSirdeba, rac kanonierebis principis erT-erTi

gamoxatulebaa.Akanonis ukuZalis akrZalva niSnavs Semdegs:

kanonebi, romlebic aweseben dasjadobas, momavliskenaa

mimarTuli. isini sjian mxolod im qmedebebs, romlebic sisxlis

samarTlis am kanonis miRebis Semdeg ganxorcielda - nullum

crimen sine lege praevia (ssk me-2 muxlis 1-li nawili). pirs ver

vusayvedurebT, rom man sisxlis samarTlis norma daarRvia, Tu

Sesabamisi qmedeba misi Cadenisas akrZaluli saerTod ar iyo.

rogor unda daemorCilos moqalaqe kanons, Tu es kanoni

saerTod ar arsebobs?

danaSaulis Cadenis dro ssk me-2 muxlis 1-li nawiliT kanoniT

akrZaluli qmedebis ganxorcielebis droa. ssk me-2 muxlis me-2

nawiliT danaSauli Cadenilia maSin, rodesac moqmedebda

16amsrulebeli an Tanamonawile, anda, umoqmedobis SemTxvevaSi, unda

emoqmeda mas. kanonmdebeli danaSaulis Cadenis drod ar Tvlis

Sedegis dadgomis dros (ssk me-2 muxlis me-2 nawilis me-2

winadadeba).

ssk me-3 muxlis 1-li nawilis 1-li winadadebis mixedviT ukuZala

aqvs kanons, romelic auqmebs qmedebis danaSaulebriobas

(dekriminalizacia) an amsubuqebs sasjels (depenalizacia). ssk

me-3 muxlis 1-li nawilis me-2 winadadebiT, kanons, romelic

awesebs qmedebis dasjadobas (kriminalizacia) an amkacrebs

sasjels (penalizacia), ukuZala ara aqvs.

magaliTi: petrem 2000 wlis 30 maiss gazeTSi pavles Seuracxmyofeli

statia gamoaqveyna. 2000 wlis 2 ivniss pavlem es statia waikiTxa da Tavi

Seuracxyofilad igrZno. SesaZlebelia Tu ara petres dasja?

Seuracxyofa 1960 wlis ssk 138-e muxlSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. axali

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi am qmedebas aRar sjis, anu moxda am qmedebis

dekriminalizacia. kanonmdebelma SeinarCuna mxolod samxedro

mosamsaxuris Seuracxyofis dasjadoba misi samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis

SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 387-e muxli, samxedro mosamsaxuris

Seuracxyofa). pavle araa samxedro mosamsaxure. petrem aRniSnuli qmedeba

(Seuracxyofa) Zveli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis moqmedebis dros

ganaxorciela. axali ssk 2000 wlis 1-l ivniss Sevida YZalaSi. kanons,

romelmac Seuracxyofis dasjadoba gaauqma, ssk me-3 muxlis 1-li nawilis 1-

li winadadebis mixedviT, ukuZala mieniWeba da piri SeuracxyofisaTvis

sisxlissamarTlebrivad ar daisjeba. es imas rodi niSnavs, rom

Seuracxyofili Tavs veranairad ver daicavs.Mmas SeuZlia

samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi wesiT, samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsis me-18

muxlis meore nawiliT miyenebuli moraluri zianis anazRaureba

moiTxovos. sasamarTlos mier sarCelis dakmayofilebas SeiZleba

SeuracxmyofelisaTvis metad mtkivneuli materialuri Sedegi mohyves.

17danaSaulis Semadgenlobis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsidan

amoReba zogjer ar niSnavs qmedebis dekriminalizacias anu

qmedebis danaSaulebriobis da dasjadobis gauqmebas. 1960 wlis

qarTuli ssk iTvaliswinebda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis specialur

Semadgenlobas - qalis motacebas masTan qorwinebis mizniT

(Zveli ssk 134-e muxli). dRevandeli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

am Semadgenlobas aRar moicavs, magram qalis motaceba masTan

qorwinebis mizniT mainc dasjadia da Tavisuflebis ukanono

aRkveTis (ssk 143-e muxli) zogadi normiT dakvalificirdeba.

Tu qmedebis ganxorcielebidan sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvamde

kanoni ramdenjerme Seicvala, gamoiyeneba is kanoni, romelic

yvelaze ufro msubuq sasjels iTvaliswinebs. am kanons sisxlis

samarTlis TeoriaSi „Sualed kanons“ uwodeben. e.i. Sualedia

kanoni, romelic arc qmedebis ganxorcielebisas moqmedebda da

arc ganaCenis gamotanisas moqmedebs.

rodesac Akanons xandazmulobis axali, gamkacrebuli vadebi

Semoaqvs, igi amiTi piris mdgomareobas auaresebs. kanons ukuZala

eqneba, Tu xandazmulobis vadebi kanonis Secvlisas jer kidev ar

iyo gasuli. xandazmulobis Sesaxeb axal kanons, romelic piris

mdgomareobas amZimebs, ukuZala mxolod maSin ar mieniWeba,

rodesac axali kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlisas xandazmulobis vada

ukve gasulia.4

4 sulaqveliZe, sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ukuZalis Sesaxeb – komentari sakonstitucio

sasamarTlos gadawvetilebaze „sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimoxilva“, 2010, 2, gv. 144-157;

eremaZe, mosazrebebi sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawvetilebebis Sesaxeb – pasuxi d.

sulaqveliZis komentarze, „sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mimoxilva“, 2010, 2, gv. 158-172;

samarTalSedarebiT WrilSi - turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 116.

18Tu Zveli kanoni pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs,

axali kanoni ki mas auqmebs da amiTi piris mdgomareobas

amZimebs, axal kanons, romelic piris mdgomareobas auaresebs,

ukuZala ar mieniWeba. sasamarTlom amgvar SemTxvevaSi unda

gamoiyenos qmedebis ganxorcielebis dros arsebuli kanoni,

romelic pirobiT msjavris gamoyenebas uSvebda.5

sasamarTlos mier sisxlis samarTlis kanonis ganmartebis da

gamyarebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Secvlas braldebulis

sazianod sisxlis samarTalSi dasaSvebad Tvlian, radgan am

dros kanoni ar icvleba da ukuZalis akrZalva kanonierebis

principiT mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kanons exeba da ara

sisxlis samarTlis praqtikas.

sisxlis samarTlis procesi damamZimebeli kanonis ukuZalas ar

adgens. saproceso moqmedebis ganxorcielebisas yovelTvis is

saproceso norma gamoiyeneba, romelic am konkretul momentSia

ZalaSi.

kanonis sivrceSi moqmedeba ssk me-4 da me-5 muxlebSia

gaTvaliswinebuli. rogorc wesi, saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias

daemorCileba is, vinc danaSaulebriv qmedebas (moqmedebas Tu

umoqmedobas) saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganaxorcielebs. rodis

iTvleba danaSauli saqarTvelos teritoriaze Cadenilad? ssk

me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilis 1-li winadadebis mixedviT, danaSaulis

Cadenis adgilisaTvis gadamwyvetia rogorc danaSaulebrivi

qmedebis ganxorcielebis, aseve danaSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgomis

adgili. e.i. danaSauli saqarTveloSi Cadenilad CaiTvleba, Tu

5 turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 114.

19qmedeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganxorcielda, gagrZelda,

anda Sedegi saqarTvelos teritoriaze dadga.6

magaliTi: petre mkvlelobis mizniT pavles saqarTveloSi Sxamiani sokoTi

gaumaspinZlda. pavle mowamvlis dRes belorusiaSi gafrinda da iq

gardaicvala. ssk me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, danaSaulis Cadenis

adgilia saqarTvelo, radgan danaSaulebrivi moqmedeba - Sxamiani sokiTi

gamaspinZleba mkvlelobis mizniT - petrem saqarTveloSi ganaxorciela. D

da piriqiT – Tu petrem pavles minskSi Sxamiani soko aWama mkvlelobis

mizniT da pavle am Sxamis zemoqmedebis Sedegad saqarTveloSi

gardaicvala, ssk me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, danaSaulis Cadenis

adgili iqneba saqarTvelo, radgan danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegi

saqarTveloSi dadga. am muxlis Tanaxmad, piri saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias

unda daemorCilos. danaSaulis Cadenis adgilad saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT ar iTvleba mxolod danaSaulebrivi qmedebis

ganxorcielebis adgili (qmedebis Teoria), arc mxolod Sedegis dadgomis

adgili (Sedegis Teoria), aramed orive, rogorc qmedebis ganxorcielebis,

aseve Sedegis dadgomisa adgili.

almis principis mixedviT saqarTvelos saxelmwifo almiT an

amosacnobi niSniT mosargeble sahaero da wylis xomaldebi

saqarTvelos teritoriad iTvleba da masze saqarTvelos

iurisdiqcia vrceldeba. problma warmoiSoba maSin, rodesac

saqarTvelos sahaero an wylis xomaldi sxva saxelmwifos

teritoriaze imyofeba.

magaliTi: saqarTvelos moqalaqe petrem aseve saqarTvelos moqalaqe pavle

sasikvdilod daWra. SemTxvevis dros isini saqarTvelos almis matarebel

wylis xomaldze imyofebodnen, romelsac TurqeTis navsadgurSi hqonda

Ruza CaSvebuli. ssk me-4 muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT, petre saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT daisjeba.

6 saqarTvelos teritoriis moculobaze ix. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 62-64.

20amgvar SemTxevebs «ormagi teritoriis» SemTxvevebs uwodeben.

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, gavrceldeba Tu ara am qmedebaze xomaldis

adgilsamyofelis iurisdiqcia, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikaSi araa sabolood gadawyvetili. gamyreliZis azriT,

amgvari ormagi iurisdiqcia mxolod saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebis

saSualebiT miiRweva. turavas praqtikuli da gasaziarebeli

mosazrebiT, damnaSavis dasjis ufleba msgavs SemTxvevaSi orive

qveyanas aqvs da pirs is qveyana dasjis, romlis xelSic

aRmoCndeba igi. amasTan, damnaSavis gadacemis samarTlebrivi

valdebuleba am saxelmwifos ar warmoeSoba.7

teritoriulobis principidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. ssk me-4

muxlis me-3 nawilSi reglamentirebuli eqsteritoriulobis

principis mixedviT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ar

vrceldeba sxva saxelmwifoTa diplomatiur warmomadgenlebze,

e.i. im pirebze, romlebic diplomatiuri imunitetiT sargebloben.

ssk me-5 muxlis 1-li da me-2 nawilis mixedviT, romelSic aqtiuri

personalurobis anu moqalaqeobis principia asaxuli,

saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias emorCileba saqarTvelos moqalaqe da

saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piri,

Tundac mas es danaSauli sazRvargareT anda neitralur

teritoriaze hqondes Cadenili. dasaxelebuli muxlis Tanaxmad,

am pirTa mier sazRvargareT Cadenil danaSaulTa

dasjadobisaTvis Semdeg garemoebebs unda mieqces yuradReba:

1. imisaTvis, rom piri sazRvargareT Cadenili

danaSaulisaTvis saqarTveloSi daisajos, qmedeba

7 gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi

2008, gv. 66; turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, me-8 gamocema, Tbilisi

2010, gv. 42.

21danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze, im sxva saxelmwifoSic

dasjadi unda iyos.

2. Tu sazRvargareT Cadenili qmedeba im saxelmwifoSi

dasjadi araa, pirze mxolod maSin gavrceldeba

saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia, rodesac es qmedeba saqarTvelos

interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul mZime an gansakuTrebiT

mZime danaSauls warmoadgens (danaSaulis kategoriebad

dayofa ix. ssk me-12 muxlSi.)

magaliTi: saqarTvelos moqalaqe petrem ruseTSi germaniis moqalaqe pavle

mokla da saqarTvelos Seafara Tavi. mkvleloba dasjadia rogorc

ruseTSi (danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas) aseve saqarTvelosa (romlis

moqalaqecaa petre, anu aqtiuri personalurobis principis mixedviT) da

germaniaSi (romlis moqalaqecaa pavle, anu pasiuri personalurobis

principiT). saqarTvelo Tavis moqalaqes ar gadascems ucxo saxelmwifos

da aqtiuri personalurobis anu moqalaqeobis principidan gamomdinare, mas

ssk me-5 muxlis 1-li nawiliT da ssk 108-e muxliT Tavad dasjis.

teritoriulobisa da pasiuri personalurobis principiT qmedebis mimarT

ruseTisa da germaniis iurisdiqciac gavrceldeba.

ssk me-5 muxlis me-3 nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli dacvis principis

mixedviT ucxoeTis moqalaqe da moqalaqeobis armqone piri,

romelic mudmivad ar cxovrobs saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos

iurisdiqcias mxolod maSin daemorCileba, rodesac man

sazRvargareT saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli Caidina.

ssk me-5 muxlis me-3 nawilSi mocemuli dacvis principi moicavs

rogorc universalur, aseve individualur samarTlebriv sikeTes.

ucxoeTis moqalaqe da moqalaqeobis armqone piri, romelic

mudmivad ar cxovrobs saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias

22maSinac daemorCileba, Tu igi saqarTvelos moqalaqis an

saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piris

individualur samarTlebrivi sikeTes xelyofs da mZime an

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls Caidens. dacvis principis am

variacias pasiuri personalurobis principsac uwodeben.

magaliTi: germaniis moqalaqe petrem saqarTvelos moqalaqe pavles

germaniaSi studentTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi safule mohpara.Mman ssk 177-e

muxlis 1-li nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba – qurdoba

ganaxorciela.QqurdobisaTvis gansazRvruli sasjeli eqvsi Tvidan erT

wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTa migvaniSnebs imaze, rom am SemTxvevaSi adgili

aqvs naklebad mZime danaSauls. ssk me-12 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT

naklebad mZimea danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli maqsimaluri sasjeli xuTi wliT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ar aRemateba. saqarTvelos ssk me-5 muxlis me-3

nawilis pirveli alternativiT, ucxo qveynis moqalaqe an moqalaqeobis

armqone piri, romelic mudmivad ar cxovrobs saqarTveloSi, maSin agebs

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT pasuxs, Tu man Caidina

saqarTvelos interesebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli mZime da gansakuTrebiT

mZime danaSauli. germaniis moqalaqe petrem germaniaSi qarTuli ssk-iT

gaTvaliswinebuli naklebad mZime danaSauli ganaxorciela saqarTvelos

moqalaqis winaaRmdeg, amitomac misi qmedeba saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias ar

daeqvemdebareba.

magaliTi: safrangeTis moqalaqe petrem saqarTvelos moqalaqe pavle

wamebiT mokla. damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cadenili mkvleloba ssk me-12

muxlis me-4 nawilis mixedviT gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulia, radgan ssk

109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis b) punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia aT welze

metia. safrangeTis moqalaqe petres qmedeba saqarTvelos iurisdiqcias

daeqvemdebareba.

universalurobis principi gamomdinareobs ssk me-5 muxlis me-2

nawilis bolo winadadebidan da ssk me-5 muxlis me-3 nawilis

bolo winadadebidan, romelTa mixedviTac qmedeba maSin

23daeqvemdebareba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis iurisdiqcias,

rodesac sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba saqarTvelos

saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli.8

monacvleobiTi marTlmsajulebis principis mixedviT

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT daisjeba danaSaulis Camdeni sxva

qveynis moqalaqe an moqalaqeobis armqone piri, romelic

saqarTvelos Semoexizna da romlis gadacema sxva

saxelmwifosaTvis ssk me-6 muxlis me-3 nawilSi kazuisturad,

amomwuravad CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas dauSvebelia.

es garemoebebia:

1. piri sxva saxelmwifoSi idevneba politikuri mrwamsis gamo

2. mis mier Cadenili qmedeba araa danaSauli saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT da

3. mis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sxva saxelmwifo

sikvdiliT dasjas awesebs.

magaliTi: musulmanuri qveynis moqalaqem saqarTvelos Seafara Tavi, radgan

mas Tavis qveyanaSi gamoqveynebuli romanis gamo RvTis gmobisaTvis

sikvdiliT dasja emuqreba. am qveyanam saqarTvelos Tavisi moqalaqis

gadacema mosTxova. saqarTvelo am moTxovnas ar Seasrulebs, radgan RvTis

gmoba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT danaSaulad ar

iTvleba (ssk me-6 muxlis me-3 nawilis meore alternativa) da imitomac, rom

Cadenili qmedebisaTvis pirs Tavisi qveynis sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT

sikvdilis dasja emuqreba (ssk me-6 muxlis me-3 nawilis mesame alternativa).

8 universalurobis principze dawvrilebiT ix. turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi

nawilis mimoxilva, me-8 gamocema, Tbilisi 2010, gv. 49-53; misive, danaSaulis moZRvreba,

Tbilisi 2011, gv. 144-149.

24danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis klasikuri sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT

problematuri gaxda Tanamedrove mediis saSualebiT

gamoyenebuli qmedebebis dasjadobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.9

6 normis axsna-ganmarteba da analogia

samarTalSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben kanonis axsna-

ganmartebis (interpretaciis) oTx saxes. esenia:

1. gramatikuli anu sityva-sityviTi, anu semantikuri

2. sistemuri

3. istoriuli kanonmdeblis neba kanonis gamocemisas)

4. teleologiuri kanonis mizani Tanamedrove poziciidan

literaturaSi miuTiTeben, rom kanonis ganmartebis xerxebs

Soris araviTari ierarqia ar arsebobs da samarTlis Sefardeba

„meToduri pluralizmis“ safuZvelze xorcieldeba.10 Tumca

kanonis gamartebis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan xerxad mainc

teleologiuri ganmartebaa aRiarebuli. amasTan teleologiuri

ganmarteba mxolod kanonis sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobis

farglebSi gamoiyeneba da ara mis sawinaaRmdegod da kanonis

ganmartebis danarCeni saxeebis sazRvars swored normis

gramatikuli (sityva-sityviTi, semantikuri) ganmarteba adgens.

qarTul sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi sworad miuTiTeben imaze,

rom normis sityviTi JReradoba „aris amosavali wertili

9 dawvrilebiT am sakiTxze - danaSaulis Cadenis adgili da Tanamedrove media ix. qeTevan

mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis problemisaTvis Tanamedrove sisxlis

samarTalSi, wignSi: akaki labartyava, 80 weli, mamuliSvili, pedagogi, mecnieri, Tbilisi

2013, gv. 230-243.

10 xubua, samarTlis Teoria, Tbilisi 2004, gv. 160.

25normis arsis samosamarTleo gamokvlevisaTvis da imavdroulad

gansazRvravs misi interpretaciis sazRvrebs“ da rom "sisxlis

samarTalSi normis sityva-sityviTi mniSvnelobis ignorireba

akrZalulia.11 Tu semantikuri (gramatikuli) ganmartebis Sedegad

dadginda, rom mocemuli SemTxveva da sisxlis samarTlis

normaSi gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva,

am normis gamoyeneba mocemuli SemTxevis mimarT sisxlis

samarTalSi dauSvebeli analogia iqneba, Tu igi piris

mdgomareobas auaresebs. kanonSi xarvezis Sevseba sisxlis

samarTalSi samarTlis analogiis da kanonis analogiis

saSualebiT mxolod subieqtis sasargeblodaa daSvebuli.

kanonis analogia gansxvavdeba kanonis ganvrcobiTi axsna-

ganmartebisagan. ganvrcobiTi axsna-ganmartebis dros kanonis

ganmmartebeli kanonis SesaZlo sityvieri mniSvnelobis

ukidures zRvramde midis, arsebuli norma am ganmartebis

safuZvelze faqtobrivi urTierTobis maqsimalurad farTo wres

moicavs.12

teleologiuri reduqcia mizniT SezRudvas niSnavs. kanonis

ganmmartebeli normis (sityvasityviTi) mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebis

sferos zRudavs da amgvarad piris mdgomareobas amsubuqebs.

teleologiuri reduqcia maSin gamoiyeneba, rodesac normis

sityvasityviTi mniSvneloba im urTierTobebsac moicavs, romlic

mas (normis miznidan gamomdinare) ar unda moecva. ssk me-18

muxlis teleologiuri reduqciis saSualebiT qarTuli sisxlis

11 gvenetaZe/turava, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze gadawyvetilebis miRebis meTodika,

Tbilisi 2005, gv. 30.


26samarTlis Teoria da praqtika SesaZlebels xdis gamoiricxos

Soreuli mosamzadebeli qmedebebis dasjadoba da dasjadad

mxolod is mosamzadebeli qmedebebi CaiTvalos, romlebic

danaSaulis mcdelobasTan axlos dganan.

teleologiur reduqcias da analogias Soris Semdegi sxvaobaa:

teleologiuri reduqcia gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac norma

urTierTobebis metad farTo wreze vrceldeba, analogia ki

maSin, rodesac normis CarCoebi ufro viwroa, vidre

mosawesrigebel urTierTobaTa wre.

teleologiuri reduqcia da kanonis SezRudviTi ganmarteba ki

erTmaneTisagan Semdegnairad unda gaimijnos: SezRudviTi

ganmarteba sistemuri ganmartebis kerZo SemTxvevaa. SezRudviTi

ganmartebisas sityvis mniSvnelobas faqtobrivi urTierTobebis

viwro wreze avrceleben.13 am dros mosamarTle kanonis sityvieri

mniSvnelobis sazRvars ar scildeba. SezRuduli ganmartebis

dros kanonSi naxmari sityva viwrod (da ara sityvasityviTi

mniSvnelobis sawinaaRmdegod) ganimarteba, teleologiuri

reduqciis dros ki kanoni ar gamoiyeneba, Tumca misi

sityvasityviT mniSvnelobis mixedviT mosamarTles igi unda

gamoeyenebina.

7 danaSaulis agebuleba

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi erTmaneTisagan SeiZleba

ganvasxvaoT danaSaulis erTsafexuriani, orsafexuriani da

samsafexuriani agebuleba.

danaSaulis erTsafexuriani agebuleba sabWoTa sisxlis samarTlisaTvis

pirveli periodisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. bolSevizmis pirvel etapze


27danaSaulad yvela sazogadoebrivad saSiSi qmedeba iTvleboda, miuxedavad

imisa, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Tu ara es qmedeba sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsSi. sisxlis samarTali politikurad arakeTilsaimedo, anu

sazogadoebrivad saSiS pirTa dasjis saSualeba iyo. saqarTvelos 1922

wlis da 1928 wlis kodeqsebi iTvaliswinebdnen kanonis analogiis

gamoyenebas piris sazianod. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba

braleuli personaluri pasuxismgeblobis principis magier

Suasaukuneobrivi koleqtiuri pasuxismgeblobis principze iyo

dafuZnebuli.14

1958 wlis sabWoTa kavSirisa da mokavSire respublikebis „sisxlis

samarTlis kanonmdeblobis safuZvlebi“, romlis mixedviTac 1960 wels

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iqna miRebuli, krZalavda sisxlis

samarTlis kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebas da afuZnebda braleuli da

personaluri pasuxismgeblobis princips. ra Tqma unda, es kodeqsi ar iyo

klasobrivi ideologiisagan Tavisufali, magram winamorbed sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsebTan SedarebiT igi progresul movlenas warmoadgenda,

radgan danaSaulis Cadena (1960 wlis ssk me-3 muxli) sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlad iyo aRiarebuli, danaSauli ki kanonmdeblis

mier ganimarteboda rogorc sazogadoebrivad saSiSi, sisxlis samarTlis

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli da sazogadoebrivad saSiSi qmedeba (1960 wlis

ssk me-8 muxli). danaSaulis agebuleba amjerad orsafexurianad

moiazreboda. danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebad aRiarebuli iyo obieqti,

obieqturi mxare, subieqti da subieqturi mxare.15 danaSaulis am formaluri

niSnebis dadgenis Semdeg sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis

aucilebeli iyo Cadenili qmedebis sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis dadgena

(1960 wlis ssk me-3 muxli da me-8 muxlis 1-li da me-2 nawilebi). me-8 muxlis

me-2 nawiliT, danaSaulad ar CaiTvleboda qmedeba, romelic, Tumca

formalurad Seicavda sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli raime


2008, gv. 10.

15 surgulaZe, sisxlis samarTali, danaSauli (leqciebi), Tbilisi 2005, gv. 68.

28qmedebis niSnebs, magram qmedebis mcire mniSvnelobis gamo ar warmoadgenda

sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas.

danaSaulis obieqtad sabWoTa sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi iTvleboda

sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT daculi sazogadoebrivi urTierToba,

danaSaulis obieqturi mxared ki – danaSaulebrivi qmedeba (moqmedeba an

umoqmedoba) da mizezobrivi kavSiri qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris. danaSaulis

subieqtad aRiarebuli iyo Seracxadi da srulwlovani piri.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba mZime danaSaulisaTvis 14 wlis

asakidan iwyeboda. danaSaulis subieqturi mxare moicavda bralsa da mis

formebs – ganzraxvasa da gaufrTxileblobas, agreTve zogierT SemTxvevaSi

danaSaulis SemadgenlobaSi gaTvaliswinebul mizansa da motivsac. am

niSanTagan erT-erTis gamoricxvisas danaSaulis Semadgenlobac

gamoiricxeboda. amasTan, mosamarTlis mier qmedebis danaSaulad

cnobisaTvis es qmedeba sazogadoebrivad saSiSi unda yofiliyo,

sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis ararseboba ki danaSaulsac gamoricxavda (1960

wlis ssk me-8 muxlis me-2 nawili).

danaSaulis orsafexuriani sabWoTa agebulebis kritika: rodesac

dispoziciaSi gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas suliT avadmyofi

ganaxorcielebda, danaSaulis Semadgenlobac gamoiricxeboda danaSaulis

subieqtis ararsebobis gamo. amgvarad, am piris mimarT ssk me-13 muxlis

Tanaxmad daniSnul samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebas

samarTlebrivi safuZveli ar hqonda. amasTan marTlwinaaRmdegobis da

bralis gamomricxavi garemoebebi erTmaneTisagan ar gansxvavdeboda.Aam

garemoebebs sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis gamomricxav garemoebebSi

aerTianebdnen.

angloamerikul sisxlis samarTalSi danaSaulis agebuleba

orsafexuriania.Aam safexurebs warmoadgens – garemoebebi, romlebic

afuZneben sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas (ofences) da garemoebebi,

romlebic am pasuxismgeblobas gamoricxaven (defences). Tavis mxrv,

garemoebebi, romlebic sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas afuZneben, or

jgufad iyofa – qmedebis obieqtur mxared (actus reus) da qmedebis subieqtur

mxared (mens rea). rac Seexeba pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxvel garemoebebs,

29esenia, qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi amJamad miRebuli terminologiis

gamoyenebiT, rogorc marTlwinaaRmdegobis, aseve bralis da

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamomricxveli sxva garemoebebi

(mag., xandazmuloba). Tanamedrove internacionaluri sisxlis samarTali

danaSaulis am orkvalian cnebas iziarebs.16

danaSaulis angloamerikuli agebulebis kritika: danaSaulis am

orkvaliani agebulebis mTavari problema, iseve rogorc erTkvaliani

sistemisa, marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebis

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebis SeuZleblobaa.

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi danaSauli samsfexuriania da qmedebis

Semadgenlobis, marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da bralisagan Sedgeba. danaSaulis

samsafexuriani agebuleba Tavdapirvelad germanul sisxlis samarTalSi

mecxramete saukunis bolos da meoce saukunis dasawyisSi danaSaulis

klasikurma sistemam Semoitana.Lmisi fuZemdeblebi arian germaneli sisxlis

samarTlis Teoretikosebi franc listi da ernst belingi. qmedebis

Semadgenloba danaSaulis klasikuri modelis mixedviT, mxolod obieqturi

niSnebisagan Sedgeba. qmedebis Semadgenloba aerTianebs yvelafer

obieqturs, subieqturi ki bralSia ganTavsebuli.Gganzraxva, danaSaulis

klasikuri agebulebis mixedviT, bralis elementia.DdanaSaulis klasikur

sistemas bralis fsiqologiuri Teoria Seesabameba, anu brali aq gagebulia

rogorc piris fsiqikuri damokidebuleba mis mier ganxorcielebul

qmedebasTan.

danaSaulis klasikur agebulebas, romelic qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi

mxolod obieqtur niSnebs iTvaliswinebs, mizniT dafuZnebuli qmedebebis,

mag., qurdobis arsis dogmatikurad axsna ar SeuZlia. miTvisebis mizani

qurdobis qmedebis Semadgenlobis niSania, Sesabamisad qmedebis

Semadgenloba mxolod obieqturi niSnebiT ver dakmayofildeba. danaSaulis

klasikurma agebulebam amitomac danaSaulis neoklasikuri agebulebas

dauTmo adgili, romlis mixedviTac qmedebis Semadgenloba or nawilad

iyofa - qmedebis obieqtur da subieqtur Semadgenlobad. qmedebis

16 Dubber, Einführung in das US-amerikanische Strafrecht, München 2005, S. 42-52.

30subieqturi Semadgenloba danaSaulis neoklasikur agebulebaSi mxolod

qmedebis mizans moicavs.17

danaSaulis rogorc klasikuri, aseve neoklasikuri modeli qmedebis

kauzalur moZRvrebas efuZneba, romlis Tanaxmadac, qmedeba adamianis

nebelobiTi qcevaa, romelic gare samyaroSi Sedegs mizezobrivad iwvevs.

moqmedebis kauzaluri moZRvrebisaTvis gadamwyvetia Tavad nebelobis aqti.

is, Tu ra surda pirs, bralis etapze unda gadawydes. ganzraxva orive

modelis mier bralis elementad aRiqmeba, brali ki fsiqologiur-

normatiulad, rogorc gasakicxi fsiqikuri damokidebuleba qmedebisadmi.

qmedebis kauzaluri moZRvrebis kritika: kauzaluri umarTloba mxolod

obieqturi niSnebisagan Sedgeba da umarTlobis xarisxebs (ganzraxi an

gaufrTxilebeli umarTloba) erTmaneTisagan ar ganasxvavebs. qmedebaze

finaluri Teoria amitomac qmedebis kauzalur moZRvrebas akritikebs da

miuTiTebs, rom adamianis qmedeba mxolod Sedegis mizezobrivi gamowveva

araa da igi nebis Sinaarssac unda moicavdes.

ganzraxi damTavrebuli danaSaulis sqema neoklasikuri sistemis mixedviT18

I. qmedebis Semadgenloba

1. qmedebis obieqturi mxare – danaSaulebrivi qmedeba, Sedegi,

mizezobrivi kavSiri

2. qmedebis subieqturi mxare – mizani - miTvisebis mizani qurdobis

dros

II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba

III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba

17 erTaderTi akademiuri saxelmZRvanelo germaniaSi, romelic danaSaulis neoklasikuri

sistemas eyrdnoba - Baumann/Weber/Mitsch, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Bilefeld 2003.

18 Ddidaqtikuri mosazrebidan gamomdinare, sqemebis didi nawili finaluri moZRvrebis

gaTvaliswinebiTaa.

313. bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebis ararseboba

danaSaulis neoklasikurma agebulebam germanul dogmatikaSi danaSaulis

finalur agebulebas dauTmo adgili, romelic qmedebis finalur Teorias

eyrdnoba. finalizmi germaniis sixlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi gasuli

saukunis 30-ian wlebidan ganviTarda da qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis

mecnierebaSi mwvave kritikis sagani gaxda.19 finalizmis Tanaxmad, qmedeba

finaluria, gamizvniTia, e.i. is piris nebasac moicavs.Qaqedan gamomdinare,

qmedebis Semadgenloba danaSaulis finalur agebulebaSi ornawiliani unda

iyos da qmedebis obieqtur da qmedebis subieqtur mxares unda moicavdes.

amasTan, qmedebis subieqturi mxare mxolod qmedebis mizniT ar amoiwureba.

ganzraxva (qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis codna da survili)

danaSaulis finalur struqturaSi qmedebis subieqturi mxaris ganuyofeli

niSania. ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba araa bralis formebi. wminda

finalistebi ganzraxvas ormag funqcias ar aniWeben, mas mxolod qmedebis

subieqtur mxareSi ganixilaven da ara erTdroulad qmedebis subieqtur

mxaresa da bralSi.20 gaufrTxileblobas (danaSaulebriv TviTimedovnebas)

finalizmSi subieqturi mxare ar gaaCnia.21

bralis Semadgenlobidan ganzraxvis gamotana Sesabamisad bralis cnebis

modifikaciasac iwvevs. brali finalizmSi ganimarteba rogorc

gasakicxaoba da ara rogorc piris gasakicxi fsiqikuri damokidebuleba

qmedebisadmi. brali amgvarad normatiul kategoriad gadaiqceva. qmedebis

kauzaluri gagebidan qmedebis finalur gagebaze gadasvlas Sesabamisad

bralis fsiqologiuri cnebis bralis normatiuli cnebiT Canacvlebamde

mivyavarT.22

19 wereTeli/tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, Tbilisi 1969, gv. 186-195.

20 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S. 27.


22 germanul sauniversiteto swavlebaSi danaSaulis teleologiuri agebulebaa

gabatonebuli. danaSaulis teleologiuri sistemis mixedviT ganzraxva da

gaufrTxilebloba ara mxolod qcevis formebi, aramed agreTve bralis formebicaa da

maT ormagi funqcia eniWebaT. qmedebis subieqtur mxareSi isini qcevis xasiaTs

32ganzraxi damTavrebuli danaSaulis sqema finaluri sistemis mixedviT


1. qmedebis obieqturi mxare

(1) danaSaulebrivi qmedeba

(2) Sedegi

(3) mizezobrivi kavSiri

(4) obieqturi Seracxva

2. qmedebis subieqturi mxare

(1) ganzraxva, rogorc qcevis forma

(2) mizani – MmiTvisebis mizani qurdobis dros


III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, rogorc bralis elementi

3. bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebis ararseboba.

„dogmatikur-akademiuri samyarosagan“ gansxvavebiT germanuli sisxlis

samarTlis praqtika danaSaulis neoklasikur agebulebas eyrdnoba. aseve

neoklaskur „relsebze dgas“ iaponiis sisxlis samarTali da italiis,

espaneTis da niderlandebis sisxlis samarTlis TeoretikosTa nawilic.23

qarTuli sisxlis samarTalSi germanuli sisxlis samarTlis zegavleniT

danaSaulis samsafexuriani modeli TinaTin wereTelma SemoiRo axali

termini „qmedeba“, romelic rogorc moqmedebas, aseve umoqmedobasac moicavs

da gansazRvra igi, rogorc adamianis Segnebuli da mizandasaxuli qceva.24

wereTliseuli qmedebis cneba SeTavsebadia rogorc danaSaulis

gansazRvraven, bralSi ki - bralis formebad gadaiqcevian.

23 Jescheck, Allgemeiner Teil, Berlin 1988, S. 186, Fn. 47.

33neoklasikur, iseve finalur agebulebasTan. qmedebis definiciaSi

mizandasaxulobis gaTvaliwinebiT mas qmedeba, rogorc gvareobiTi cneba,

xelidan gamoecala, radgan gaufrTxileblobis dros danaSaulebrivi

daudevroba mizandasaxuli qceva araa.

danaSaulis wereTliseuli struqtura, miuxedavad imisa, rom man qceva

finalistebis msgavsad gansazRvra, araa calsaxad finaluri.

mizandasaxuloba wereTelma mxolod zogierTi mizniT dafuZnebuli

(mizniT determinirebuli) deliqtis umarTlobis Semadgenel nawilad

miiCnia (mag., miTvisebis mizani qurdobis dros). danaSaulis Cadenis

kognitiuri da voluntatiuri elementebi (ganzraxva) ki mas umarTlobaSi

ar gadautania. misi azriT, im danaSaulis umarTloba, romelic rogorc

ganzrax, aseve gaufrTxileblobiT SeiZleba iqnas Cadenili (mkvleloba,

janmrTelobis dazianeba), aseve eventualuri ganzraxviT da

gaufrTxleblobiT Cadenili danaSaulebis umarTloba, mxolod obieqturi

niSnebisagan Sedgeba.25 maSasadame, wereTelma mis mier Camoyalibebuli

qmedebis finalurad Seferili definicia danaSaulis neoklasikur models

daudo safuZvlad.

danaSaulis turavaseuli agebuleba qmedebis wereTliseul

ganmartebas eyrdnoba. amasTan turava iziarebs germanul

sisxlis samarTalSi gabatonebul azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom

danaSaulis neoklasikuri sistema „naxevar gzazea gaCerebuli“

da qmedebis Semadgenloba ganzraxvasac unda moicavdes. turava

adasturebs Sexedulebas imis Sesaxeb, romG qmedebis

Semadgenlobis etapze gansaxilveli ganzraxva piris fsiqikuri

damokidebulebaa Cadenili qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis

24 wereTeli/tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, Tbilisi 1969, gv. 165; am Tvalsazriss

iziareben surgulaZe da tyeSeliaZe ix. surgulaZe, sisxlis samarTali, danaSauli

(leqciebi) Tbilisi 2005, gv. 44; tyeSeliaZe, wignSi: naWyebia/dvaliZe (red.) sisxlis

samarTlis zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2007, gv. 117.

25 wereTeli, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dafuZveli da danaSaulis cneba,

„pravovedenie“, 1980, 2, gv. 84-85 (rus.).

34mimarT. garda amisa, mas ganzraxvis mesame niSani,

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, bralis etapze gadaaqvs.

danaSaulis turavaseul struqturaSi uaryofilia germanel

TeoretikosTaUumravlesobis Sexeduleba imasTan dakavSirebiT,

rom qmedebis Semadenlobis obieqturi da subieqturi mxare

mxolod ganzrax danaSaulebs axasiaTebs da aRiarebulia

germanel TeoretikosTa umciresobis Sexeduleba

danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebis subieqturi mxaris qmedebis

subieqtur mxareSi ganxilvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.26

sakiTxavia, danaSaulis romel sistemas iziarebs Tanamedrove

qarTveli kanonmdebeli? ssk me-7 muxlis 1-li nawili germanuli

sisxlis samarTlis zegavleniT danaSaulis samsafexurian

agebulebas gvTavazobs. danaSaulis samsafexuriani sistemis

Sinagani struqturis analizi ki mxolod ganzraxvis da

Secdomis definiciis gamowvlilviT Seswavlis safuZvelzea

SesaZlebeli. ssk me-9 muxlSi ganzraxva sami niSniT,

voluntatiuri (neba) da kognitiuri (codna) elementebiT da

marTlwinaaRmdegobis SegnebiT xasiaTdeba. Sesabamisad, ganzraxva

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi boroti ganzraxvaa (dolus malus,).

qmedeba ganzraxaa Cadenili, Tu pirma icis, rom igi sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi mocemuli qmedebis Semadgenlobas

axorcielebs, surs an egueba Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas.

amasTan ssk 36-e muxlSi (Secdoma akrZalvaSi,

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararseboba) akrZalvaSi

misatevebeli Secdomis dros brali gamoricxeba, miutevebeli

Secdomis dros ki gaufrTxileblobisaTvis dasjadobaa


35gaTvaliswinebuli. kanonmdeblis mier boroti ganzraxvis

aRiareba da Secdomis amgvari daregulireba qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi danaSaulis neoklasikur agebulebis aRiarebis

mimaniSnebelia.

II. qmedebis Semadgenloba

1 sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis armqone qmedeba

piri sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs agebs mxolod maSin, Tu man

Caidina danaSauli, anu sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli, marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba,

moqmedeba an umoqmedoba (ssk me-7 muxlis 1-li nawilis 1-li

winad.). danaSaulis pirveli damfuZnebeli niSani

qmedebaa.QimisaTvis, rom qmedeba sisxlissamarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani (relevanturi) iyos, igi Semdeg Tvisebebs unda

akmayofilebdes:

sisxlissamarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani qmedebis pirveli niSania

is, rom qmedeba adamianis qcevaa. amgvarad sisxlis samarTlis

sferoSi araa moqceuli bunebrivi katastrofa da cxovelis mier

miyenebuli ziani.

magaliTi: miwisZvris Sedegad pavles da misi ojaxis wevrebis janmrTeloba

mZimed dazianda. am SedegisaTvis pasuxs veravin agebs.Aaseve veravin miecema

sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxisgebaSi, Tu pavle sanadirod wava da mas daTvi

datoravs.

Tu petre pavles mkvlelobis mizniT ZaRls miuqsevs da ZaRli

pavles marTlac moklavs, petre mkvlelobisaTvis miecema

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi (ssk 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis

36b) punqti, gansakuTrebuli sisastike). ra Tqma unda, ZaRlis

gamoyeneba danaSaulis Casadenad araa danaSaulis SualobiTi

amsrulebloba da ZaRli ar iqneba „cocxali iaraRi“. ssk 22-e

muxlis mixedviT SualobiT amsruleblobas mxolod maSin aqvs

adgili, rodesac piri danaSauls sxva piris meSveobiT sCadis. am

sxvaSi adamiani (piri, romelsac ssk 22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ar

daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba asakis,

Seuracxaobis an sxva garemoebis gamo) igulisxmeba da ara

cxoveli. saganTa da cxovelTa „sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxisgebaSi micema“ primitiuli sisxlis samarTlisaTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli.

sisxlis samarTali mxolod adamianis qcevas sjis. Tu piri

danaSaulis Cadenaze mxolod ocnebobs, Tu mas zogadad

danaSaulis Cadenis ganwyoba aqvs, igi sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxisgebaSi ver miecema, radgan ocneba, ganwyoba da danaSaulis

Cadenis litoni survili qceva araa. danaSaulis Cadenis

survili mxolod maSin miiRebs sisxlissamarTlebriv

mniSvnelobas, rodesac piri sisxlissamarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovan qmedebas ganaxorcielebs da konkretuli qmedebis

ganxorcielebis survili ganzraxvis niSnad iqceva qmedebis

ganxorcielebis codnasTan erTad.

adamianuri qceva mxolod maSinaa sisxlissamarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani, rodesac igi nebelobiTia. nebelobiToba

sisxlissamarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani qmedebis meore

damfuZnebeli niSania. qmedeba nebelobiTia maSin, rodesac

adamianis Tavis tvini mis qcevas akontrolebs.

sisxlissamarTlebriv mniSvnelobas ver SeiZens adamianis

37sxeulebrivi moZraoba, romelic misi nebiT araa marTuli, misi

Tavis tviniT araa kontrolirebuli (an kontrolirebadi).Anebis

gareSe ganxorcielebul amgvar sxeulebriv moZraobas

sisxlissamarTlebrivad umniSvnelo qmedebas, anu ara-qmedebas

uwodeben.Aesenia:

1. refleqsuri moqmedebebi

2. wminda instiqturi SiSis reaqciebi

3. dauZleveli Zala anu vis absoluta

4. moqmedebani ZilSi da cnobierebis dakargvisas

(pasuxismgeblobis simZimis centri gadadis moqmedebaze,

romelic daZinebamde an cnobierebis dakargvamde

ganxorcielda)

5. sxeulebrivi moZraoba hipnozisas (sadavoa)

refleqsuria moqmedeba, romlis drosac SegrZnebis centri

fiziologiur aRgznebas cnobierebis CarTvis gareSe moZraobis

centrs gadascems.Aamgvarad fiziologiuri aRgzneba unebur

moZraobad gardaiqmneba. amisi yvelaze naTeli magaliTia myesis

refleqsi eqimis mier refleqis gasinjvisas anda pirRebineba.

magaliTi: petres uecari Zlieri pirRebineba daemarTa, misi naRebinari sxvis

kompiuteris daesxa da sruliad moSala. petres sisxlissamarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani qmedeba ar ganuxorcielebia, radgan pirRebineba refleqsuri

qmedebaa. misi pasuxismgebloba samoqalaqo samarTlis sferoSia.

wminda instiqturi SiSis reaqciebi, romlebsac sisxlis

samarTlis dogmatikosTa nawili refleqsur (refleqtorul)

qmedebebs miekuTvnebs, adamianis Segnebuli kontrolis sferoSia

38araa moqceuli da amitomac sisxlissamarTlebrivad moqmedebad

ar CaiTvleba.

magaliTi: petre da pavle gaWedili avtobusiT mgzavrobdnen. mkveTri

damuxruWebisas avtobusis kari uceb gaixsna. petrem, romelic gaxsnil

karTan idga, Tavi ver Seikava, avtobusidan gadavardnisas mis win mdgar

pavles instinqturad xeli mosWida da isic Tan gadaiyola. pavle asfalts

daenarcxa da mxari moitexa. petre sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs ar agebs

pavles janmrTelobis gaufrTxileblobiT dazianebisaTvis (ssk 124-e

muxli), radgan mas sisxlissamarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani qmedeba ar

ganuxorcielebia. misi reaqcia ara-qmedeba, wminda instinqturi SiSis

reaqcia iyo, romelic Tavis tvinis kontrols ar emorCileba.

wminda instinqturi SiSis reaqciebi unda ganvasxvaoT marTvadi

spontanuri reaqciebisagan, romlebsac qmedebisaTvis mzaoba

udevs safuZvlad (avtomaturi qcevebisas27). magaliTisaTvis

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi gabatonebuli

Sexedulebis momxreebi asaxeleben krazanis mogeriebas,

avtomanqaniT manevrirebas elviseburi siswrafiT da msgavs

SemTxvevebs.28

dauZleveli Zala anu vis absoluta. AdauZleveli Zalis dros

adamianis sxeuli ver ewinaaRmdegeba meore piris mier

gamoyenebul YZalas an bunebriv movlenas (mag., fexis acureba

yinulze). am dros piris cnobiereba CarTulia, magram

nebelobiTad qcevis SesaZlebloba, dauZleveli ZalisaTvis

winaaRmdegobis gawevis unari pirs ara aqvs.

27 http://dictionary.css.ge/content/automatic-processes (31.03.2021)

28 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S. 22; Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner

Teil, München 2013, S. 36, Rn. 20; Heinrich, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 2010, S. 72, Rn. 208.

39magaliTi: plaJze moseirne petrem pavles xeli hkra. pavle dabarbacda,

plaJze moseirne bavSvs daeca da xeli mostexa. pavle nebelobiTad ar

moqmedebda da misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ar

dadgeba.

magaliTi: petrem pavles xel-fexi Seukra da misi coli gaaupatiura.

pavles, rogorc garants ar daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba gaupatiurebaSi umoqmedobiT daxmarebisaTvis (ssk 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawiliT da 137-e muxlebiT), radgan mas petres mier

ganxorcielebuli dauZleveli Zalis gamo moqmedebis SesaZlebloba ar

hqonda.

dauZleveli Zalisagan gansxvavdeba gatexili neba, anu vis

compulsiva, rodesac maiZulebeli fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri

zemoqmedebis saSualebiT piris moqmedebas Tavisi survilis

Sesabamisad warmarTavs. gatexili neba SeiZleba gamoricxavdes

brals anda amsubuqebdes mas.

magaliTi: petrem scema pavles da ase cema-tyepiT aiZula, misTvis kacis

mosaklavad pistoleti mieca. petrem am pistoletiT kaci mokla. pavle

pistoletis micemiT danaSaulis CadenaSi daexmara petres. igi danaSaulSi

daxmarebisaTvis agebs pasuxs (ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT da 108-e

muxlebiT).Mmisi „gatexili neba“ ki sasjelis daniSvnisas unda iyos

gaTvaliswinebuli, rogorc bralis da Sesabamisad sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba.

moqmedebani ZilSi da cnobierebis dakargvisas, Tumca

sisxlissamarTlebrivad umniSvneloa, radgan piri Sedegis

dadgomisas ugono mdgomareobaSi iyo, magram misi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba im moments

daukavSirdeba, rodesac igi nebelobiTad moqmedebda.

magaliTi: petre sastumroSi yofnisas SezarxoSda da loginSi sigaretis

mowevisas daiZina. Zilisas sigareti mas xelidan gauvarda da jer logins

40waekida cecxli da Semdeg – sastumros oTaxsac. cecxli maleve Caaqres da

petre sikvdils gadaarCines, magram sastumros oTaxSi arsebuli aveji da

iataki ganadgurda. agebs Tu ara pasuxs petre pasuxs ssk 188-e muxlis me-2

nawiliT (nivTis dazianeba an ganadgureba gaufrTxileblobiT, cecxlTan

gaufrTxilebeli mopyrobT)?Ppetres advokats SeuZlia Tqvas, rom

moqmedebani ZilSi araa nebelobiTi qmedebani, radgan Tavis tvini Zilis

dros piris qcevas ver akontrolebs da Sesabamisad amtkicos, rom petres

gaufrTxileblad ar umoqmedia. es Sexeduleba ar iqneba swori, radgan

petres kanoni sayvedurobs ara imas, rom mas eZina da amitom qmedebas ver

akontrolebda, aramed imas, rom man daZinebamde ar Caaqro sigareti. e.i.

petrem windaxedulobis norma daarRvia maSin, rodesac mas eRviZa, anu roca

mas nebelobiTi qmedebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba hqonda.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldeba daeyrdnoba ara mis qcevas ZilSi, romelic

araa kontrolirebadi, aramed mis qcevas RviZilisas.

sxeulebrivi moZraoba hipnozisas SeiZleba Sefasdes rogorc

sisxlissamarTlebrivad umniSvnelo qmedeba, anu ara-qmedeba da

aqedan gamomdinare, qmedebis Semadgenloba gamoiricxos.

SesaZlebelia meore Sexedulebis ganviTarebac da mtkiceba imisa,

rom dahipnozebuli piri qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesabamisad da

marTlsawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs, pasuxismgebloba ki bralis

safexurze, fsiqikis droebiTi aSlilobis gamo (ssk 34-e muxli)

gamoiricxeba. es meore Sexeduleba mxardaWeras imsaxurebs,

radgan igi dahipnozebulis mimarT aucilebeli mogeriebis

uflebas ar gamoricxavs. dahipnozebulis qmedeba

sisxlissamarTlebrivad umniSvnelo, anu ara-qmedeba rom iyos,

piri, romelsac igi dazianebas daupirebda, misi mogeriebis gamo

sisxlissamarTlebrivad agebda pasuxs.

412 mizezobrioba

mizezobrioba Sedegian deliqtebSi damdgar Sedegsa da

ganxorcielebul qmedebas Soris qmedebis obieqturi mxaris

aucilebeli Semadgeneli nawilia. Sedegian deliqtebs

miekuTvneba rogorc xelyofis, aseve konkretuli safrTxis

deliqtebi. abstraqtuli safrTxis deliqtebSi mizezobriobis

dasabuTeba alogikuria, radgan kanonmdebeli mxolod qmedebis

ganxorcielebas sjis, yovelgvari Sedegis gareSe.

samarTlis mecnierebaSi mizezobriobis ramdenime Teoriaa

cnobili. esenia:

1. relevantobis

2. adeqvatobis da

3. eqvivalentobis da

4. kanonzomieri pirobis Teoriebi

qarTuli ssk me-8 muxli mizezobriobis eqvivalentobis, anu

pirobaTa Teorias iziarebs. am Teoriis mixedviT, qmedeba maSin

warmoadgens Sedegis dadgomis aucilebel pirobas, anu maSinaa

SedegTan mizezobrivad dakavSirebuli, rodesac Tu mis gareSe

amjerad es Sedegi ar ganxorcieldeboda an aseTi (konkretuli)

safrTxe ar Seiqmneboda. eqvivalentobis Teoria mizezobrivi

kavSiris dasadgenad azrobrivi gamoricxvis (anu hipoTeturi

eliminaciis) meTods iynebs. eqvivalentobis Teoriis laTinuri

formulaa conditio sine qua non, rac qarTulad aucilebel pirobas

niSnavs.

42aucilebeli pirobis (eqvivalentobis) Teoriis mixedviT

mizezobrivi kavSiris jaWvi metad grZelia. eqvivalentobis

Teoriis usazRvroebis SezRudvisaTvis germanul sisxlis

samarTalSi winaT adeqvatobis an relevantobis Teorias

iyenebdnen.

adeqvatobis Teoriis mixedviT, qmedeba SedegTan mxolod maSinaa

mizezobrivad dakavSirebuli, rodesac piroba Sedegis

adeqvaturia. amgvarad mizezobriobis jaWvidan gamoiricxeba is

mizezobriobebi, romlebic movlenaTa atipur ganviTarebas

efuZneba. gadamwyvetia is, qmedebis Cadenis dros damdgari

Sedegis gamowveva zogadi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan

gamomdinare, raime xarisxiT savaraudo iyo Tu ara. am TeoriiT

piroba maSinaa Sedegis adeqvaturi, anu mxolod maSinaa SedegTan

mizezobriv kavSirSi, Tu am pirobam Sedegis dadgomis obieqturi

SesaZleblobis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad gazarda. adeqvatobis

Teoria iTvaliswinebs yvela im garemoebas, romelic qmedebis

ganxorcielebisas damnaSavis rolSi myof gonier adamians ar

gamoepareboda da agreTve amsruleblis specialur codnasac.

adeqvatobis Teoriis sisuste mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis kategoriis usazRvro

mizezobriobas SefasebiTi elementebiT zRudavs da

mizezobriobaSi subieqturi elementi - codnis elementi Seaqvs.

dReisaTvis adeqvatobis Teoria germanul samoqalaqo

samarTalSia gabatonebuli.

relevantobis Teoria pirobaTa Teoriis da adeqvatobis Teoriis

nazavia. igi kumulaciurad moicavs condicio sine qua non pirobas da

qmedebis relevanturobas. pirvelad dgindeba, iyo Tu ara qmedeba

43condicio sine qua non kavSirSi SedegTan, Semdeg ki, Tu Sedegi

qmedebis Semadgenlobis adeqvaturi araa, mizezobrioba

gamoiricxeba.

relevantobis Teoriis sisustec, rogorc adeqvatobis Teoriisa,

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi mizezobriobas SefasebiTi

kriteriumiT – qmedebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobiT

(relevanturobiT) zRudavs.

sisxlis samarTalSi gabatonebuli eqvivalentobis Teoriis

usazRvroebis SezRudva obieqturi Seracxvis

sisxlissamarTlebrivi figuriTaa SesaZlebeli.

sisxlis samarTalSi erTmaneTisagan mizezobriobis Semdeg kerZo

SemTxvevebs (saxeebs) ganasxvaveben: alternatiul (anu ormag),

kumulaciur, hopoTetur, atipur, mravaljerad, gamswreb da

Sewyvetil mizezobriobas. sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi

SeiZleba Segvxvdes agreTve mizezobriobis specialuri saxe -

«Secodebis gamo Careva ukve Seqmnil mizezobriobaSi» (sadavo).

alternatiuli anu ormagi mizezobrioba moicavs ori an

ramdenime pirobis mizezobriobas, romelTagan TiToeuli

sakmarisia Sedegis gamosawvevad.

alternatiuli mizezobriobis klasikuri magaliTi: petre da pavle

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad sasmelSi sawamlavs Cauyrian ivanes. ivane

sasmels dalevs da gardaicvleba. eqspertiza daadgens, rom sawamlavis

erTi doza sakmarisi iyo Sedegis dasadgomad (ivanes mosaklavad).

alternatiuli mizezobriobis sxva, gacilebiT ufro realisturi magaliTi:

kenWis yris Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetilebisaTvis pasuxismgebloba,

rodesac calkeuli xmis gareSec igive Sedegi dadgeboda.

44alternatiuli mizezobriobisas eqvivalentobis Teoriis

azrobrivi gamoricxvi meTodi (qmedebis gamoricxva gamoricxavs

Sedegsac) ar funqcionirebs, radgan Tu erT qmedebas

gamovricxavT, romelsac (eqspertizis daskvniT) Sedegis

damoukideblad gamowveva SeeZlo, Sedegi mainc ar gamoiricxeba.

aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebeli xdeba eqvivalentobis Teoriis

modifikacia. alternatiuli anu ormagi mizezobriobis dros

piroba maSinaa SedegTan mizezobriv kavSirSi, rodesac misi

alternatiulad, magram ara kumulatiurad (sxvasTan erTad)

gamoricxviT Sedegic gamoiricxeba.

kumulaciuri mizezobrioba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac or an

ramdenime pirobas Sedegis gamowveva mxolod erTad SeuZliaT.

klasikuri moxetale magaliTi: petre da pavle erTmaneTisagan

damoukideblad ivanes sasmelSi sawamlavs Cauyrian. ivane sasmels dalevs

da gardaicvleba. eqspertiza daadgens, rom ivanes mosaklavad am ori dozis

urTierTqmedeba iyo saWiro.

kumulaciuri mizezobriobis es magaliTi mkvlelobis

mcdelobis magaliTia (ssk me-19 da 108-e muxlebi). kumulaciuri

mizezobriobisas mcdelobaa imitom, rom pirebi erTmaneTisagan

damoukideblad, erTmaneTis qmedebis codnis gareSe moqmedebdnen.

maT erTmaneTis qmedebis Sesaxeb rom scodnondaT da Sesabamisad

saerTo miznis misaRwevad erTad emoqmedaT, qmedebis

Semadgenloba erTad ganexorcielebinaT, maT erTmaneTis qmedeba

SeeracxebodaT da Tanaamsruleblebi iqnebodnen.

hipoTeturi mizezobrioba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTma pirobam

Sedegi ki gamoiwvia, magram sxva pirobac mcire xnis Semdeg

swored amgvar Sedegs gamoiwvevda.

45magaliTi: petrem pavle aeroportSi mokla. sul cota xnis Semdeg

TviTmfrinavi, romeliTac pavle unda gafreniliyo, asafren bilikzeve

afeTqda da yvela mgzavri daiRupa. petres pavle rom ar moekla, pavle

mainc TviTmfrinavis afeTqebisas mokvdeboda. petres qmedebis

mizezobriobas sxva hipoTeturi, SesaZlo mizezobrioba ver gamoricxavs.

petre Tavs ver gaimarTlebs imiTi, rom mas rom msxverpli ar moekla,

msxverpli mainc mokvdeboda.

hipoTetur mizezobriobas sisxlis samarTalSi rogorc wesi,

mcire mniSvneloba eniWeba. igi sisxlisamarTlebriv

mniSvnelobas iZens:

1. gadamrCeni mizezobriobis jaWvis gawyvetisas.

magaliTi: pavles apendicitis Seteva daemarTa. ojaxma saswrafo daxmarebis

manqana gamoiZaxa. PpavlesTan stumrad misulma eqTanma sidedrma pavles

mokvlis miznT saswrafo daxmarebis manqana ukanve gauSva da saswrafos

eqims uTxra, rom pavle ukve kargad grZnobda Tavs, rac sinamdviles ar

Seesabameboda pavle gardaicvala. Eeqspertis daskvniT, am saswrafo

daxmarebis manqaniT hospitalizaciis da samedicino Carevis Sedegad pavle

realobasTan axlos mdgomi albaTobis maRali xarisxiT gadarCeboda.

2. umoqmedobis mizezobrioba hipoTeturi mizezobriobaa,

romelic sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas afuZnebs.

magaliTi: petrem avadmyof mwoliare cols saWmeli, sasmeli da wamali ar

misca, Tumca mas es SeeZlo. petre colis umoqmedobiT mkvlelobisaTvis

agebs pasuxs (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b)

punqtis me-2 alternativa).

atipuri mizezobriobisas Sedegi pirvel pirobasTan

dakavSirebulia, magram am Sedegs meore, cxovrebiseul

gamocdilebasTan metad Sors myofi (atipuri) piroba iwvevs.

magaliTi: petrem mokvlis mizniT pavle msubuqad daWra. saswrafo

daxmarebis manqana, romelsac pavle saavadmyofoSi unda mieyvana,

46teroristebma daakaves da pavle mZevlad aiyvanes, Semdeg ki mokles.

atipuroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom yvela msxverpli, romelic saswrafo

manqaniT gadahyavT, teroristebis xeliT ar kvdeba.

Sewyvetilia mizezobrioba, rodesac pirvel mizezobriobas,

romelsac Sedegi SeiZleba gamoewvia, axali mizezobrioba cvlis,

romelic Sedegs pirvelisagan damoukideblad iwvevs.

magaliTi: petrem ivane mokvlis mizniT msubuqad daWra. poliklinikaSi

mimavalma ivanem gzaSi vadagasuli Tevzi daagemovna da botulizmiT

gardaicvala. am magaliTiSi petres moqmedebas (ivanes daWras) Sedegis

dadgomisaTvis xeli ar Seuwyvia.

Sewyvetili mizezobriobis magaliTebi Semdegnairad

dakvalificirdeba: pirvelmoqmedi (petre) mkvlelobis

mcdelobisaTvis (ssk me-19 da 108-e muxlebi) daisjeba. Tu Sedegi

(piris sikvdili) sxva pirma ganzrax an gaufrTxileblad

daafuZna, igi damTavrebuli (ganzraxi an gaufrTxilebeli)

mkvlelobisaTvis daisjeba.

gamswrebi, anu mravalsafexuriani mizezobriobisas Sedegi im

moqmedebiT dgeba, romlis ganxorcielebac wina mizezobriobis

gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

magaliTi: colma karatisti petre mowamla. colis moqmedebisagan

damoukideblad petres mZarcvelebi daesxnen Tavs da mokles. petre

mowamvliT dasustebuli rom ar yofiliyo, mas mZarcvelebi ver moklavdnen.

gamswrebi, anu mravalsafexuriani mizezobriobis (anu

«Tanamizezobriobis») kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb ori sxvadasxva

Sexedulebis ganviTareba SeiZleba:

471. pirvelmoqmeds damdgari Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

igi mxolod mcdelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs (ssk me-19, 108-e

muxlebi).

2. radgan pirveli moqmedebis gareSe meore moqmedeba ver

ganxorcieldeboda orive, rogorc pirvelmoqmedi, aseve

Sedegis uSualod gamomwvevi, damTavrebuli

danaSaulisaTvis agebs pasuxs.29

mizezobriobis specialuri saxe - «Careva ukve Seqmnil

mizezobriobaSi Secodebis gamo» saxezea maSin, rodesac pirobas

TavisTavad Sedegi unda mohyves, magram axali qmedeba am Sedegs

daaCqarebs Secodebis gamo.

magaliTi: petre cecxlwakidebul manqanaSia CaWedili da mas wamebiT dawva

elis. petres misi megobari erTi gasroliT moklavs, radgan mas petres

wamebiT tkivilis Tavidan acileba surs.

mkvleloba Secodebis gamo «Cveulebriv» mkvlelobad

kvalificirdeba, Tu ar arsebobs ssk 110-e muxlis (mkvleloba

msxverplis TxovniT) winapirobebi.

sazRvargareTis qveynebis sasamarTlo praqtikam eqvivalentobis

Teoriaze mizezobriobis dadgenisas uari Tqva Semdeg

SemTxvevebSi: konterganis procesi 70-iani wlebis germaniaSi,

«tyavis spreis (sawmendi siTxis) saqme» germaniaSi - sakiTxi

exeboda tyavis spreis mier momxmarebelTa janmrTelobis

dazianebas, «xis damcavi saSualebis saqme» germaniaSi, rapsis


48(kanolis) zeTis magaliTi espaneTSi. gamosakvlevi iyo sakiTxi

imis Sesaxeb, gamoiwvia Tu ara rapsis zeTma adamianTa sikvdili.30

sisxlis asamarTali icnobs aseve wamqezeblis mier dafuZnebul

fsiqikur mizezobriobasac (ssk 24-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

3 obieqturi Seracxva

sisxlis samarTali adamianis uflebebis xelmyofi yvelaze

ufro mkacri sanqciebiTaa aRWurvili, amitomac eqvivalentobis

anu pirobaTa Teoriia, romelic mizezobriobas usazRvrod

afarToebs, uciloblad unda SeizRudos.31 am mizniT germanul

sisxlis samarTalSi am bolo dros obieqturi Seracxvis

Teoria ganviTarda.

erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvaoT Seracxvis sami safexuri:

1. obieqturi

2. subieqturi da

3. individualuri Seracxva.

obieqturi Seracxva pasuxs scems kiTxvaze, Tu visma qmedebam

gamoiwvia Sedegi. subieqturi Seracxva ganzraxvis dasabuTebaa,

anu dadgena imisa, moqmedebda Tu ara piri ganzrax qmedebis

SemadgenlobasTan mimarTebaSi. individualuri Seracxva ki

30 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo),

zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 129-130; turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011,

gv. 210-215.

31 dawvrilebiT ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali

(saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 123-126.

49qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebisaTvis piris personalur

pasuxismgeblobas usvams xazs da gamoiricxeba bralis

gamomricxveli kanonismieri da zekanonuri garemoebebisas.

obieqturi Seracxva qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi Tavdapirvelad

piris bralis gareSe pasuxismgeblobad aRiqmeboda. obieqturi

Seracxva axali gagebiT pasuxs scems Semdeg kiTxvaze - aris Tu

ara damdgari Sedegi piris qmnileba? obieqturi Seracxvis am

institutis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba pasuxismgeblobis

adreul etapze gamoricxva, amitomac igi sisxlis samarTlis

ekonomiurobis principis gamoxatulebas warmoadgens.

obieqturi Seracxva Semdegnairad ganimarteba: Sedegi pirs

obieqturad maSin Seeracxeba, rodesac man Tavisi qmedebiT

samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani safrTxe Seqmna, romelic SedegSi

ganxorcielda. Tu pirs Tavisi qmedebiT samarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani safrTxe ar Seuqmnia, anda man es safrTxe ki Seqmna,

magram safrTxe am konkretul SedegSi ar ganxorcielebula, pirs

es Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

obieqturi Seracxvis gamoricxvis pirvel jgufs miekuTvneba

SemTxvevebi, rodesac pirs Tavisi qmedebiT samarTlebrivad

mniSvnelovani safrTxe ar Seuqmnia.

1. arasasurveli Sedegi dasaSvebi (socialurad adeqvaturi)

riskiT dadga, anu pirs obieqturad ar Seeracxeba Sedegi,

romelsac socialurad dasaSvebi qmedeba iwvevs. culis

gamkeTebeli pasuxs ar agebs am culiT Cadenili

mkvlelobisaTvis.

502. riskis Semcireba

moxetiale magaliTi: yaCaRis mier moqneuli najaxis asacileblad colma

qmars xeli hkra da kibeze daagora, ris Sedegadac kacma fexi ki moitexa,

magram sikvdilsac gadarCa. cols janmrTelobis dazianeba obieqturad ar

Seeracxeba, radgan man ufro mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi sikeTe

(sicocxle) gadaarCina.

obieqtur Seracxvas ar gamoricxavs safrTxis qvantitatiuri

Semcireba

magaliTi: Tu meisre mgzavrebiT savse matarebels, romelic sabargo

matarebels unda dajaxeboda, sxva, saTadarigo liandagis mimarTulebiT

gauSvebs, sadac xuTi xelosani saqmianobs, mgzavrebiT savse matarebeli

xelosnebs gadauvlis da moklavs, meisre amgvarad aseulobiT adamianis

sicocxles gadaarCens ramdenime adamianis sicocxlis xarjze. meisres

damdgari Sedegi obieqturad Seeracxeba daculi da xelyofili

samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis (adamianis sicocxle) TanabarmniSvnelovnebis

gamo. SesaZlebelia mas es qmedeba epatios bralis gamomircxveli

zekanonuri kvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobis sisxlissamarTlebriv

institutze dayrdnobiT.

obieqturi Seracxvis gamoricxvis meore jgufi aerTianebs

SemTxvevebs, rodesac Seqmnil samarTlebrivad mniSnelovan

(relevantur) safrTxesa da damdgar Sedegs Soris kavSiri ar

arsebobs. obieqturi Seracxvis gamoricxvis am jgufs

miekuTvneba:

1. atipuri mizezobrioba - SedegSi xorcieldeba ara piris

mier marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebiT Seqmnili sikvdilis

safrTxe, aramed zogadi cxovrebiseuli safrTxe. obieqturi

Seracxvis institutis ganviTarebamde pasuxismgebloba

amgvar SemTxvevebSi ganzraxvis ararsebobaze dayrdnobiT

gamoiricxeboda, radgan pirma ar icoda, rom msxverpli

51amgvarad gardaicvleboda da arc surda misi amgvarad

gardacvaleba.

magaliTi: petrem mokvlis mizniT daWra pavle. pavle saswrafod

saavadmyofoSi gaaqanes, sadac igi maniakma meddam balisiT daaxrCo.

2. Segnebuli TviTdazianeba msxverplis mier

magaliTi: pirma meore pirisagan narkotiki iyida da zedozirebiT

gardaicvala. narkotikebis gamyidveli sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli

mospobisaTvis pasuxs ar agebs, radgan gardacvlili TviTdamzianebel

moqmedebas Segnebulad axorcilebda.

3. Segnebulad da nebayoflobiT moqmedi mesame piris Careva

mizezobrivi kavSiris ganviTarebaSi. pirs Sedegi

obieqturad ar Seeracxeba, Tu qmedebam samarTlebrivad

relevanturi safrTxe ki Seqmna, magram Sedegi mesame piris

Segnebuli qmedebis saSualebiT dadga.

magaliTi: petres colma petre mowamla. wamlis zemoqmedebamde jer kidev

janze myofi petre misma mezobelma fanjridan gadaagdo da mokla. petres

coli pasuxs mxolod mkvlelobis mcdelobisTvis agebs (me-19 da 108-e

muxlebi) da ara damTavrebuli mkvlelobisaTvis (108-e muxli).

4. normis dacvis mizani. Tu damdgari Sedegi piris mier

darRveuli normiT araa moculi, mas es Sedegi obieqturad

ar Seeracxeba maSinac ki, rodesac mis mier Cadenli qmedeba

raime valdebulebas arRvevs.

magaliTi: ori velosipedisti Rame, erTmaneTis miyolebiT Suqis gareSe

moZraobs. pirveli velosipedisti uSuqobis gamo avariaSi mohyveba da

gardaicvleba. meore velosipedists pirveli velosipedistis sicocxlis

mospoba obieqturad ar Seeracxeba, radgan mis mier darRveuli normis

mizani misive dacvaa da ara sxvisi.

525. valdebulebis darRvevasa da Sedegs Soris kavSiris

ararseboba. pirs Sedegi maSin ar Seeracxeba, rodesac man

valdebuleba daarRvia, magram es Sedegi valdebulebis

darRvevis gareSec dadgeboda, anu piri am Sedegs Tavidan

maSinac ver aicilebda, valdebuleba rom ar daerRvia.

magaliTi: avtomanqanis gadaWarbebuli siCqariT marTvisas mTvrali fexiT

mosiarule uxeSad daarRvevs saavtomobilo gzaze gadasvlis wess da

borblebSi Cauvardeba manqanas, romelic gadametebuli siCqariT moZraobs.

eqspertTa daskvniT, mZRols siCqarisaTvis rom ar gadaeWarbebina, avaria

mainc moxdeboda.

amgvarad, Sedegis obieqturad SeracxvisaTvis unda dasabuTdes

Semdegi:

1. vin Seqmna safrTxe? Tu mizezobriobis ganviTarebaSi Tavad

msxverpli, anda mesame piria CarTuli, anu safrTxe

msxverplma an mesame pirma sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT

Seqmna, damdgari Sedegi pirs ar Seeracxeba.

2. iyo Tu ara piris mier Seqmnili es safrTxe

samarTlebrivad mniSvnelovani? Tu riski nebadarTulia,

socialurad adeqvaturia, pirs Sedegi obieqturad ar

Seeracxeba.

3. arsebobs Tu ara kavSiri risksa da Sedegs Soris? Tu es

kavSiri ar arsebobs, pirs Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

4. Seamcira Tu ara pirma safrTxe am qmedebiT? Tu piri

qmedebis SemadgenlobiT gaTvaliswinebul msubuq Sedegs

iwvevs, magram amgvarad Tavidan icilebs mZime Sedegs, mas es

msubuqi Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

53

III. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi

danaSaulis samsafexuriani agebulebis mixedviT qmedebis

Semadgenlobis dadgenis Semdeg unda gaanalizdes, moqmedebda Tu

ara piri marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel romelime

garemoebisas. Tu marTlsawinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

romelime garemoeba arsebobs, pirs umarTloba ar Caudenia da

igi sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs ar agebs. kazusis amoxsnisas

saqmis garemoebaTa ganxilvas vwyvetT da vaskvniT, rom pirs

danaSauli ar Caudenia.

praqtikaSi ki Tu dadgindeba, rom pirs umarTloba (qmedebis

Semadgenloba + marTlwinaaRmdegoba) ar ganuxorcielebia, mas

sasamarTlo damnaSaved ver scnobs da amitomac mis mimarT

gamamarTlebel ganaCens gamoitans.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis arsebobis

dadasturebas mniSvneloba aqvs aseve TanamonawileTaTvisac,

radgan ar arsebobs Tanamonawileoba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

gagebiT, Tu amsrulebels sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT

gaTvaliswinebuli ganzraxi marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli

qmedeba (ssk 23-e muxli) ar Caudenia.

im piris mimarT, romelic umarTlobas ar axorcielebs,

dazaralebuls ar aqvs ufleba, ganaxorcielos aucilebeli

mogerieba. mas Tmenis valdebuleba ekisreba.

54

magaliTi: petre Tavs daesxa pavles. pavlem aucilebeli mogeriebis yvela

winapirobis dacviT misi Tavdasxmis mogerieba daiwyo. petre pavles mimarT,

romelic mis Tavdasxmas igeriebs, aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba ar aqvs.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxvel garemoebaTa mxolod sanimuSo da ara amomwurav

CamonaTvals. saxeldebiT CamoTvlil garemoebaTa gverdiT

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis VIII Tavi (marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli garemoebebi) marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel

zogad normasac moicavs (ssk 32-e muxli, sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba sxva marTlzomieri

qmedebis dros), romelic SesaZleblobas iZleva, piris

sasargeblod umarTlobis gamosaricxad analogiiT iqnas

gamoyenebuli marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri

garemoebebi.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi SesaZlebelia

samarTlis sxva dargidanac iqnas gadmoRebuli, radgan is, rac

samoqalaqo samarTalsa da sajaro samarTalSi marTlzomieria,

marTlwesrigis erTianobis principidan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba

daisajos sisxlis samarTalSi da piriqiT, sixlis samarTalSi

arsebuli gamamarTlebeli garemoebebi unda moqmedebdes mTliani

marTlwesrigisaTvis.

sisxlis samarTali marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxvis Semdeg

or ZiriTad safuZvels icnobs:

1. qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesabamisi qmedebiT sxva

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva, marTlwesrigis dacva.

55

2. samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis Tanxmoba am sikeTis

xelyofaze (dazaralebulis/pacientis Tanxmoba, savaraudo

Tanxmoba da ukanasknel periodSi medicinis sisxlis

samarTalSi - pacientis hipoTeturi Tanxmoba). am

magaliTiSi moqmedebs principi – „volenti non fit iniuria“ (mis

mimarT, vinc Tanxmobas acxadebs, umarTloba ar

xorcieldeba, Zv. w.-aRricxviT me-3 saukune, ulpiane).

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel

Semdeg kanonismier garemoebebs iTvaliswinebs:

1. aucilebeli mogerieba (ssk 28-e muxli)

2. damnaSavis Sepyroba (ssk 29-e muxli)

3. ukiduresi aucilebloba (ssk 30-e muxli)

4. marTlzomieri riski (ssk 31-e muxli).

garda amisa, sisxlis samarTalSi cnobilia aseve

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebebi:

1. dazaralebulis/pacientis Tanxmoba

2. dazaralebulis/pacientis savaraudo Tanxmoba

3. pacientis hipoTeturi Tanxmoba (axali da jerjerobiT

sadavo samarTlebrivi instituti medicinis sisxlis

samarTalSi)

4. movaleobaTa kolizia

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1 aucilebeli mogerieba

aucilebeli mogeriebis sqema (ssk 28-e muxli)



1. marTlwinaaRmdegobis obieqturi mxare

(1) Tavdasxma

1) imwuTieri

2) marTlsawinaaRmdego

3) realuri

(2) Tavdacva

1) Tavdamsxmelis winaaRmdeg

2) saWiro/aucilebeli

3) mizanSewonili (social-eTikuri SezRudva)

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis subieqturi mxare

(1) Tavdaxmis codna

(2) Tavdacvis survili

57

aucilebeli mogeriebis obieqturi mxaris niSnebia aucilebeli

mogeriebis mdgomareoba, anu adamianis Tavdasxma (xelyofa) da

Tavdacva.

Tavdasxma adamianisagan unda momdinareobdes da unda iyos:

1. imwuTieri

2. marTlsawinaaRmdego da

3. realuri

Tavdacva unda xasiaTdebodes: Tavdamsxmelis (da ara sxva piris)

dazianebiT

1. Tavdacvis aucileblobiT

2. am TavdacviTi qmedebis mizanSewonilobiT (anu aucilebeli

mogeriebis uflebis socialur-eTikuri SezRudva aucilebeli

mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebisas).

aucilebeli mogeriebis subieqturi mxare moicavs Semdeg niSnebs:

1. sxva piris mier ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxmis codna

2. Tavdacvis survili.

aucilebeli mogerieba eyrdnoba samarTlis, anu

marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisas Tavdasxmis mogeriebiT

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis princips. aucilebeli mogeriebis

dros Tavdaxma samarTliT daculi sikeTis xelyofaa adamianis

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mier. aucilebeli mogeriebis dros dasaSvebia martoden kerZo

da ara universaluri, sajaro samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva.

magaliTi: petrem gaanadgura pornografiuli xasiaTis Jurnalebi,

romlebsac pavle skolis win jixurSi hyidida da amiTi mniSvnelovani

ziani miayena pavles. petrem amgvarad ganaxorciela ssk 187-e muxlis 1-li

nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis Semadgenloba, sxvisi nivTis

ganadgureba an dazianeba. petres qmedeba, marTalia, SesaZlebelia,

moralurad misaRebi iyos, magram igi Tavs mainc ver imarTlebs imiTi, rom

man amgvarad sazogadoebis zneobis dacvis mizniT aucilebeli mogeriebis

ufleba (ssk 28-e muxli) ganaxorciela, radgan aucilebeli mogeriebisas

dasaSvebia marto kerZo da ara universaluri interesebis (sazogadoebis

zneobis) dacva.

aucilebeli mogeriebisas sakuTari samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva

sxva piris mier ganxorcielebuli xelyofisagan, adamianis

uflebaa da ara movaleoba. ssk 28-e muxlis 1-li nawili

iTvaliswinebs momgeriebelis mier ara mxolod sakuTari, aramed

aseve sxvisi samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofisagan dacvasac.

sxvisi samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva marTlsawinaaRmdego

xelyofisagan xelmyofis dazianebiT aucilebeli daxmarebaa.

aucilebeli daxmarebisas ara aqvs mniSvneloba, piri naTesavis,

nacnobis da megobris samarTlebriv sikeTes icavs Tu sruliad

ucnobisas. igi ssk 28-e muxlis safuZvelze maSinac gamarTldeba,

rodesac igi sruliad ucnobi adamianis samarTlebriv sikeTes

daicavs. aucilebeli mogeriebisas sakuTari samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dacva adamianis uflebaa, dacvis qveS myofi piris da

zogadad, moyvasis daxmareba ki - misi movaleoba.

59

sxva pirisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis samarTlebriv movaleobas

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ramdenime muxlSi iTvaliswinebs.

piri, romelic sxvas ar daexmareba, garemoebebisda mixedviT,

pasuxs agebs ssk 128-e muxliT (gansacdelSi mitoveba) an ssk 129-e

muxliT (dauxmarebloba), anda Sereuli umoqmedobisaTvis (ssk

me -8 muxlis me-3 nawili da kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxli).

pirs, romelsac exmarebian, daxmarebis miRebis survili unda

hqondes.

magaliTi: petrem pavles sila gaawna. pavlem Tavdacvis magier petres

silis gasawnavad meore loyac miuSvira. vasom petres meore silis gawvna

ar daacada da maTavdamsxmels lazaTiani uTavaza. radgan pavles

Tavdacvis survili ar hqonda, vasos mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba

aucilebeli mogeriebiT (ssk 28-e muxli) ar gamarTldeba da misi qmedeba

Zaladobad (ssk 126-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba.

piris mier cxovelis Tavdasxmis mogeriebisas, rodesac realuri

da imwuTieri safrTxe arsebobs, qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba

gamoiricxeba ara aucilebeli mogeriebis (ssk 28-e muxli), aramed

ukiduresi aucileblobis (ssk 30-e muxli) safuZvelze, magram Tu

pirma TavdasxmisaTvis cxoveli gamoiyena, adgili eqneba

aucilebel mogeriebas (ssk 28-e muxli).

magaliTi: petrem pavles moCxubari qofaki ZaRli mosaklavad miuqsia.

pavlem ZaRli joxiT moigeria da mokla. Aam magaliTiSi petre ZaRlis

saSualebiT Tavs daesxa pales da pavles mier ZaRlis mokvla aucilebeli

mogeriebis (ssk 28-e muxli) farglebSi ganxorcielebuli qmedebaa.

marTalia, imwuTieri da realuri safrTxe ZaRlis mier iyo Seqmnili, magram

am magaliTiSi ZaRls petre iaraRad iyenebda da amgvarad ssk 28-e muxlis 1-

l nawilSi (aucilebeli mogerieba) gaTvaliswinebul marTlsawinaaRmdego

60

xelyofas axorcielebda. is faqti, rom ZaRli cocxali arseba iyo, mas

„cocxal iaraRad“ ver aqcevs da petres mier ZaRlis miqseva SualobiTi

amsruleblobiT ganxorcielebul Tavdasxmad ver Sefasdeba.

marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofa (Tavdasxma) SesaZlebelia

ganxorcieldes rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve umoqmedobiTac. Ppiri

Tavdasxmas umoqmedobiT axorcielebs maSin, rodesac mas

moqmedebis valdebuleba ekisreba da ar moqmedebs.

magaliTi: maspinZeli stumars, romelsac wasvla surs da karis saketis

gaxsna ar icis, kars ganzrax ar gauxsnis. am dros maspinZeli umoqmedobiT

Tavs esxmis stumris Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebas (Tavisuflebis

ukanono aRkveTa, ssk 143-e muxlis 1 -li nawili). Tu stumari gasaRebis

warTmevisas binis patrons daazianebs, igi aucilebeli mogeriebis (ssk 28-e

muxli) mdgomareobaSi imoqmedebs.

Tavdasxma aucilebeli mogeriebisas imwuTieria, rodesac igi es-

esaa iwyeba, an xorcieldeba, mis srul damTavrebamde. Tu

Tavdasxma damTavrda, piris moqmedeba, romlis samarTlebrivi

sikeTec dazianda, Tavdasmxis mogeriebad ki ara, ganzrax,

SurisZiebis motiviT Cadenil danaSaulad CaiTvleba.

magaliTi: petrem pavles moCxubari qofaki ZaRli mosaklavad miuqsia.

pavlem ZaRli joxiT moigeria da mokla. pavles mier ZaRlis mokvlis

Semdeg petre gaiqca. pavle mas gamoekida da igi mZimed daaziana (ssk 117-

emuxlis 1-li nawili). pavle aucilebeli mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi ar

moqmedebda, radgan maSin, rodesac man petre daaziana, petre garboda da

Tavdasxma ukve damTavrebuli iyo.

Tu Tavdamcveli xelyofis imwuTierobaSi dauSvebs Secdomas,

adgili eqneba aucilebeli mogeriebis «eqstensiur eqscess».

amgvari Secdoma, iseve, rogorc moCvenebiTi (anu putatiuri)

61

mogerieba, bralis gamomricxveli Secdomaa akrZalvaSi (ssk 36-e

muxli).

prevenciuli ucilebeli mogerieba, anu mosalodneli Tavdasxmis

Tavidan acileba potenciuri Tavdamsxmelis xelyofiT, qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobas ar gamoricxavs, radgan samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xelyofa jer imwuTieri araa. rodesac arsebobs

Tavdasxmis realuri safrTxe (da ara imwuTieri Tavdasxma) da

mocda Tavdasxmis imwuTierobamde samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis

Sansebs minimumamde Seamcirebda, amasTan es qmedeba

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis erTaderTi saSualebaa,

marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoiricxeba ara aucilebeli mogeriebiT,

aramed ukiduresi aucileblobiT.

Tavdacvas xafangis dagebiT, avtomaturad gamsroli

mowyobilebis damontaJebiT, «anticipirebuli» (winasawar

dagegmili) aucilebeli mogerieba ewodeba. amgvari «aucilebeli

mogerieba» sisxlis samarTalSi gakrtikebulia Semdegi

mosazrebebiT:

1. damontaJebisas araa safrTxe imwuTieri – amis sapasuxod

unda iTqvas, rom SesaZlebelia avtomatis imgvarad

damontaJeba, rom tyvia mxolod Tavdasxmisas gavardes.

2. mciremniSvnelovani xelyofisas SeiZleba avtomaturi

meqanizmis CarTviT aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebis

gadacileba. amis sapasuxod unda iTqvas is, rom Tu

safrTxeSi myofs amgvari saSualebis gamoyenebis ufleba

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imwuTieri Tavdasxmisas hqonda, anticipirebuli aucilebeli

mogeriebac dasaSvebi iqneba (e.i. Tu safrTxis efeqturad

Tavidan acileba mxolod amgvarad SeiZleboda). rodesac

pirs TavdacvisaTvis gasrolis ufleba aqvs, misi qmedeba –

qalis mier mZinare „ojaxis tiranis“ mkvlelobis SemTxvevebSi

(rodesac qmari „hpirdeba“ qals, rom gamoiZinebs da mere qals

moklavs), martodmarto maSin, Tu saxelmwifoc ki uZluri iyo

moZalade ojaxis wevris winaSe, qalis mier qmris mokvlis

magaliTiSi SeiZleba gamoiricxos brali ssk 38-e muxlis

(sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva sxva

arabraleuli qmedebis dros, bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri

ukiduresi aucilebloba) safuZvelze da ara

marTlwinaaRmdegoba.32 arsebuli safrTxe (da ara Tavdasxma)

amgvar uaRresad gamonaklis magaliTiSi gangrZobad imwuTier

safrTxed iTvleba, radgan „ojaxis tiranma“ SeiZleba nebismier

wuTs gaiRviZos da qali marTlac mZimed daazianos an moklas.

Tu qals saxelmwifosgan daxmarebis miRebis (anda gaqcevis)

saSualeba hqonda, magram man mainc mokla «ojaxis tirani“,

qmedeba «Cveulebriv» mkvlelobad dakvalificirdeba. misi

ukuduresi mdgomareoba martoden sasjelis zomaze moaxdens

zegavlenas.

Sekvecil SemadgenlobebSi danaSaulis formaluri damTavrebis

(anu sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi

gaTvaliswinebuli dispoziciis ganxorcielebis) Semdeg


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aucilebeli mogerieba daSvebulia. mag., qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi yaCaRoba damTavrebulad iTvleba Tavdasxmis

ganxorcielebisas, magram dazaralebuls aucilebeli mogeriebis

ganxorcielebis ufleba yaCaRobis Semadgenlobis

ganxorcielebis, anu Tavdasxmis Semdegac aqvs. Tu Tavdamsxmelis

dazianeba yaCaRuri TavdasxmisTanave xorcieldeba da warTmeuli

nivTis dabrunebas isaxavs miznad, qmedeba aucilebeli mogeriebis

farglebSia Cadenili (ix. 28-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebas warmoSobs ara mxolod

sisxlissamarTlebrivi xelyofa, aramed samarTlis sxva normebis

xelmyofi qmedebanic.

magaliTi: pirs proporciuli aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba aqvs suraTis

gadamRebi fotografis mimarT (ufleba sakuTar suraTze). ra Tqma unda,

momgeriebelma am dros aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebs ar unda

gadaacilos.

aucilebeli mogerieba dasaSvebia aseve Seuracxadis an

SezRuduli Seracxadobis mqone piris (arasrulwlovani,

fsiqikurad daavadebuli da sxv. ssk 33-e, 34-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebi) mier ganxorcielebuli

Tavdasxmis drosac, radgan aucilebeli mogeriebisas piri

umarTlobisagan icavs Tavs da ara danaSaulisagan.

dauSvebelia aucilebeli mogerieba marTlzomieri Tavdasxmisas.

kanoni am daTqmas ssk 28-e muxlSi calsaxad iTvaliswinebs.

Sesabamisad dauSvebelia aucilebeli mogerieba aucilebeli

mogeriebis winaaRmdeg da sxva im qmedebebis winaaRmdeg,

64

romlebic ssk VIII TavSi marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel

garemoebad iTvleba.

auclebeli mogeriebisas xelyofa realuri unda iyos. xelyofa

maSinaa realuri, rodesac igi sinamdvileSi arsebobs da ara

mxolod momgerieblis warmodgenaSi. rodesac Tavdasxma araa

realuri, anu Tavdasxma sinamdvileSi ki ara, aramed mxolod

Tavdamcvelis warmodgenaSi arsebobs, anu moCvenebiTia, gvaqvs

moCvenebiTi anu putatiuri aucilebeli mogerieba.

magaliTi: pirs Seatyobines, rom mis Zmas viRac Tavs daesxa da mokvlas

upirebda. man xanjals xeli staca da Zmis misaSveleblad gaiqca. gzad mas

gamvleli Semoxvda, romelsac egona, rom piri mis mokvlas apirebda.

gamvlelma qvas staca xeli, pirs TavSi Caartya da daaziana. gamvleli am

dros moCvenebiTi mogeriebis (da ara aucilebeli mogeriebis)

mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. igi sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs ar agebs

misatevebeli Secdomis (marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis arasebobis gamo

bralis gamoricxvis) gamo. Secdoma misatevebelia, radgan mis adgilze

yvela sxva adamiani amgvar Secdomas dauSvebda da Tavs daicavda.

moCvenebiTi (putatiuri aucilebeli) mogeriebisas Tavdasxma araa

realuri da amitomac TavdacviTi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba

ssk 28-e muxlis mixedviT (aucilebeli mogerieba) ar

gamoiricxeba. moCvenebiTi mogeriebis problema unda gadawydes

samarTlebrivi Secdomis (ssk 36-e muxli) safuZvelze (ix.

bralSi).

dasaSvebia aucilebeli mogerieba moCvenebiTi (putatiuri

aucilebeli) mogeriebis winaaRmdeg, radgan moCvenebiTi mogerieba

imwuTieri da realuri safrTxea. Tumca, moCvenebiTi (putatiuri)

65

aucilebeli mogeriebis winaaRmdeg mxolod TavdacviTi

aucilebeli mogeriebis ganxorcielebaa dasaSvebi da ara

TavdasxmiTi aucilebeli mogeriebisa.

Tavdacva aucilebeli mogeriebis dros Tavdamsxmelis mimarT

unda ganxorcieldes da ara mesame piris mimarT.

magaliTi: petre pavles daesxa Tavs. pavlem am Tavdasxmis mogeriebis magier

petres Zmas gaartya, waaqcia da amgvarad mas janmrTeloba msubuqad

dauziana (ssk 120-e muxli). petrem pavleze Tavdasxma maSinve Sewyvita da

sakuTar Zmas daexmara wamodgomaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom pavles qmedebiT

petres Tavdaxma Sewyda, pavles am magaliTiSi aucilebeli mogerieba ar

ganuxorcielebia, radgan igi Tavdamsxmels ki ar igeriebda, aramed Tavad

axorcielebda marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas. Mmisi qmedeba ssk 120-e muxliT

(janmrTelobis ganzrax msubuqad dazianeba) dakvalificirdeba.

aucilebeli mogeriebisas Tavdacva saWiro (aucilebeli) da

mizanSewonili (aucilebeli mogeriebis social-eTikuri

SezRudva) unda iyos. aucilebeli mogeriebisas Tavdacva saWiroa

(aucilebelia), rodesac Tavdacvas Tavdasxmis myisieri da

saboloo aRkveTa SeuZlia da arsebuli SesaZleblobebidan

yvelaze ufro msubuqia. rodesac momgeriebeli dacvis ramdenime

efeqturi SesaZleblobidan TavdasxmiT gamowveuli

eqstremaluri situaciidan gamomdinare, Tavdacvis yvelaze ufro

mavne saSualebas SearCevs, anu rodesac Tavdacva aSkarad ar

Seesabameba Tavdasxmis xasiaTsa da saSiSroebas (ssk 28-e muxlis

me-4 nawili), misi qmedeba aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebis

gadacilebad («intensiur eqscesad») dakvalificirdeba.

aucilebeli mogeriebisas «intensiuri eqscesi» pasuxismgeblobis

Semamsubuqebeli garemoebaa. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

66

aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebis or privilegiur

Semadgenlobas iTvaliswinebs. esenia: mkvleloba aucilebeli

mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebiT (ssk 113-e muxli) da

janmrTelobis mZime an naklebad mZime dazianeba aucilebeli

mogeriebis farglebis gadacilebiT (ssk 122-e muxli). qarTuli

ssk intensiuri eqscesis winapirobad ar Tvlis momgerieblis

asTeniur afeqts (SiSi, dabneuloba),33 aramed moiTxovs

eventualur ganzraxvas Sedegis mimarT.34

aucilebeli mogerieba dasaSvebia aseve cecxlsasroli

iaraRiTac. cecxlsasroli iaraRiT aucilebeli mogeriebisas

moiTxoven Tavdacvis sam safexurs: pirveli safexuri –

gamafrTxilebeli gasrola, meore safexuriß- srola fexebSi da

mesame ß- srola janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisaTvis

mniSvnelovan organoebSi.

aucilebeli mogeriebisas (Tavdacvisas) SesaZlebelia, piri

Tavdacvis nawilSi marTlzomierad moqmedebdes, magram

paralelurad sxva raime kanons arRvevdes. magaliTad, Tu igi

Tavdasxmas moigeriebs da Tavs daicavs iaraRiT, romlis tarebis

uflebac mas ar hqonda. igi am magaliTSi aucilebeli

mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi moqmedebs da mxolod iaraRis ukanono

Senaxvis an tarebisaTvis SeiZleba daisajos (ssk 236-e muxlis 1-

33 arsebobs aseve sTeniuri afeqti, romlis drosac piri moqmedebs gabrazebis da

siZulvilis grZnobiT.

34 Todua, wignSi: mamulSvilia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I,

meSvide gamocema, Tbilisi 2019 weli, gv. 93; gv. 160.

67

li da me-2 nawili). uaRresad gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, rodesac

pirma iaraRi aralegalurad konkretuli safrTxis Tavidan

asacileblad SeiZina, Seinaxa, atara an daamzada da es qmedeba

safrTxis Tavidan acilebis ukanaskneli saSualeba iyo,

konkretuli SemTxvevis garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tavad am

qmedebis dausjelobis mtkicebac ki SeiZleba piris mier

sxvagvarad moqmedebis, samarTlisadmi damorCilebis

SeuZleblobis mtkicebiT gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebaze

dayrdnobiT ssk 38-e muxliT (sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba sxva arabraleuli qmedebis

dros).

28-e muxli termins „aucilebeli mogeriebis subieqturi mxare“

saxeldebiT ar iTvaliswinebs, magram moicavs mas, radgan am

muxlSi miTiTebulia, rom piri samarTlebrivi sikeTis dasacavad

unda moqmedebdes. viTarebiTi brunva (dasacavad) swored piris

mizanze migvaniSnebs. aucilebeli mogeriebisas pirma unda

icodes, rom mas Tavs esxmian da igi Tavadasacavad moqmedebdes.

magaliTi: qalma qmris mokvla gadawyvita, oTaxSi Suqi gamorTo, aguriT

SeiaraRebuli karis ukan daimala da qmars SemosvlisTanave TavSi aguri

Caartya. sinaTlis anTebis Semdeg qalma daadgina, rom qmars datenili

iaraRi eWira xelSi da mkvdari iyo. amgvarad aRmoCnda, rom misi mokvla

qmarsac hqonda gadawyvetili, rac man ar icoda.

rodesac pirma obieqturad aucilebeli mogerieba ganaxorciela,

magram man amis Sesaxeb ar icoda da Sesabamisad, mas arc

Tavdacvis survili hqonda, anu rodesac saxezea aucilebeli

mogeriebis mxolod obieqturi mxare, subieqturi ki – ara,

68

gabatonebuli mosazrebiT, amgvari qmedeba damTavrebul

danaSaulad dakvalificirdeba. mosamarTle amasTan sasjelis

daniSvnisas gaiTvaliswinebs, rom pirma faqtiurad

samarTlebrivi sikeTe daicva. sisxlis samarTlis praqtika ar

iziarebs mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom amgvari qmedeba

mcdelobad unda dakvalificirdes, radgan, mcdelobis msgavsad,

qmedeba uRirsia da Sedegi - ara.

aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebis teleologiuri reduqciiT

SezRudvis da gamoricxvis sagamonakliso SemTxvevebs

miekuTvneba is SemTxvevebi, rodesac Tavdamsxmeli Seuracxadi an

SezRuduli Seracxadobis mqone piria da es Tavdamcvelma icis

kidec. amgvar situaciaSi Tavdamcvels mxolod TavdacviTi

aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba unda hqondes da ara

TavdasxmiTi. SesaZleblobis arsebobisas igi unda ganeridos

Seuracxad an SezRuduli Seracxadobis mqone Tavdamsxmels da

Tavi martoden maSin daicvas, rodesac mas sxva gamosavali ukve

aRar aqvs. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, agresiuli Tavdacva

Seuracxadis an SezRuduli Seracxadobis mqone Tavdamsxmels

ukanaskneli saSualeba (ultima ratio) unda iyos.

sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi gamoTqmuli azriT, Tu pirma

Tavisi braluunaroba socialurad saziano qmedebiT, alkoholis

an narkotikis miRebiT, Tavad gamoiwvia, mis mimarT aucilebeli

69

mogeriebis ufleba ar unda SeizRudos, radgan es pirebi kanonis

gansakuTrebuli dacvis qveS ar imyofebian.35

aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba SezRudulia aseve aucilebeli

mogeriebis provokaciisas.36 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi

aucilebeli mogeriebis provokacias ar iTvaliswinebs.

mecnierebaSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben aucilebeli

mogeriebis ganzrax da gaufrTxilebel provokacias.

aucilebeli mogeriebis ganzraxi, gamiznuli provokacia saxezea

maSin, rodesac aucilebeli mogeriebis ganxorcielebis mizniT

piri Tavdasxmis provocirebas awyobs. aucilebeli mogeriebis

ganzraxi provokaciisas provokatoris qmedeba (Tavdamsxmelis

dazianeba an mokvla) ganzrax danaSaulad dakvalificirdeba.

provokators mxolod maSin miecema aucilebeli mogeriebis

ufleba, Tu mas Tavdamsxmelis provocireba mxolod cemisaTvis

surda, Tavdamsxmeli ki mas sxeulis mZime dazianebas an mokvlas

daupirebs.

ganzrax gamiznuli aucilebeli mogeriebis provokaciasTan

erTad arsebobs aseve marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli

provokacia, romelic saxezea maSin, rodesac momgeriebelma

icoda, anda sul mcire, mas unda gaecnobierebina, rom igi Tavisi

35 turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 354, romelic venis universitetis

profesoris helmut fuqsis Sexedulebas eyrdnoba.

36 xerxeuliZe, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi

nawili, Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 352.

70

gansazRvruli qmedebiT (dacinva, Seuracxyofa)37 iwvevs situacias,

romlidan Tavis daRweva mas mxolod aucilebeli mogeriebiT

SeuZlia.38

aucilebeli mogeriebis gaufrTxilebeli provokaciisas

aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba arsebobs, magram misi farglebi

SezRudulia. pirma aucilebeli mogeriebis gaufrTxilebeli

provokaciisas aucilebeli mogerieba sam safexurad unda

ganaxorcielos: jer Tavi aaridos Tavdasxmas an saSvelad

mouxmos sxvas. Tu TavdasxmisaTvis Tavis arideba an maSvelis

moxmoba SeuZlebelia, man mxolod Tavi unda daicvas

(defenziuri qmedebebi). Tu Tavdacva sxvanairad SeuZlebelia,

mxolod maSin gadavides agresiul, Tavdamsxmelis samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xelmyof Tavdacvaze.

aucilebeli mogeriebiT SeiZleba dacul iqnas rogorc

individis sicocxle, janmrTeloba da Tavisufleba, aseve misi

qonebac. Tumca, ar arsebobs erTiani mosazreba imis Sesaxeb,

materialuri samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvisas pirs aucilebeli

mogeriebis ufleba srulad eZleva Tu misi es ufleba

SezRudulia. sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi am kiTxvaze

pasuxis gasacemad adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-

2 abzacis (sicocxlis ufleba) ganmartebas mimarTaven.

37 Jescheck, Allgemeiner Teil, Berlin 1988, S. 311.

38 Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 66, Rn. 49.

71

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 abzaci

(sicocxlis ufleba) CamoTvlis SemTxvevebs, romlis drosac

adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa am muxlis darRvevad ar

ganixileba. am CamonaTvalSi mocemulia is magaliTi, rodesac

adamianis mokvdineba Sedegad mohyva Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic

nebismieri piris dasacavad aramarTlzomieri YZaladobisagan

absolutur aucileblobas warmoadgenda (am konvenciis me-2

muxlis me-2 (a) abzaci).

aucilebeli mogeriebiT qonebrivi interesebis dacvis farglebi

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 (a) abzaci

(sicocxlis ufleba) sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciidan

gamomdinare, sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iqnas Camoyalibebuli.39

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi qonebrivi sikeTis dacvisas

aucilebeli mogeriebis farglebTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadad

ori radikalurad gansxvavebuli mosazreba ganviTarda. erTi

SexedulebiT, adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 (a)

abzaci boWavs mxolod saxelmwifos da ara kerZo pirs.

Sesabamisad, qonebriv sikeTeze Tavdasxmisas adamianis sicocxlis

xelyofa aucilebeli mogeriebiT gamarTldeba.40

meore, eTikurad misaRebi mosazrebiT, qonebriv sikeTeze

Tavdasxmisas ki aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba SezRudulia

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 (a) abzaciT.

39 turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 378 da momd.

40 xerxeuliZe, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi


72

Tavdamsxmelis sikvdili aucilebeli mogeriebiT gamarTldeba

mxolod maSin, rodesac am Tavdasxmisas adamianis winaaRmdeg

momarTuli danaSauli xorcieldeba. qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 28-e muxli calsaxa interpretaciis

SesaZleblobas ar iZleva da SesaZlebelia ganviTardes rogorc

erTi, ise meore Sexeduleba.

aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebis gamoricxvis sagamonakliso

magaliTis miekuTvneba aucilebeli mogeriebis uflebis social-

eTikuri SezRudva samarTlebrivi sikeTis metad

mciremniSvnelovani marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisas.

kanonmdebeli aucilebeli mogeriebisas, gansxvavebiT ukiduresi

aucileblobisagan, xelyofil da dacul samarTlebriv sikeTeTa

Sewonasworebas ar moiTxovs, Tumca gamonaklis magaliTiSi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis metad mciremniSvnelovani

marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofisas pirs aucilebeli mogeriebis

ufleba erTmeva da qmedeba danaSaulia.

magaliTi: etls mijaWvulma invalidma gamafrTxilebeli gasrolis Semdeg

arasrulwlovans esrola, romelmac mis bals iparavda da igi sasikvdilod

daWra.

Tofis srola samarTlebrivi sikeTis dasacavad saWiro

(aucilebeli) qmedeba iyo, radgan pirs gamafrTxilebeli

gasrolis Semdeg samarTlebriv sikeTeze Tavdasxmis myisieri da

saboloo aRkveTis sxva saSualeba ar gaaCnda. miuxedavad amisa,

amgvari qmedeba mizanSeuwonelia da aucilebeli mogeriebis

uflebis social-eTikuri SezRudvis gamo aucilebeli

mogeriebis farglebis gadacileba (Tavdacvis aSkara Seusabamoba

73

Tavdasxmis xasiaTTan da saSiSroebasTan, ssk 28-e muxlis me-4

nawili) ki ara, danaSaulia da piri mkvlelobisaTvis daisjeba.

sakiTxavia, aqvs Tu ara pirs aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba,

rodesac mas policielis daxmarebis myisieri miReba SeuZlia?

SesaZlebelia Semdegi mosazrebis ganviTareba: Tu pirs

policielis myisieri daxmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba aqvs, man

es SesaZlebloba unda gamoiyenos da aucilebel mogeriebas ar

unda mimarTos.41 es Sexeduleba Semdagnairad dasabuTdeba:

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva saxelmwifos prerogativaa da igi

mxolod maSin aZlevs moqlaqes TavdacvisaTvis Zalis

gamoyenebis uflebas, rodesac mas sakuTari moqalaqis dacva

Tavad ar SeuZlia. rac Seexeba kanonis daTqmas imis Sesaxeb, rom

aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba arsebobs maSinac, rodesac pirs

SeuZlia, xelyofa Tavidan aicilos an saSvelad sxvas mouxmos

(ssk 28-e muxlis me-2 nawili), aq xelyofis Tavidan acilebaSi

„sircxviliani“ gaqceva igulisxmeba, „sxvaSi“ ki – fizikuri piri

da ara saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli. PolicielisaTvis

daxmarebis Txovna amgvar „sircxvilian“ gaqcevad ar unda iqnas

CaTvlili.42

sakamaToa aseve sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenadaa dasaSvebi

aucilebeli mogeriebis SezRudva im urTierTobebisas, romlis

drosac pirebi erTmaneTTan garantis movaleobiT arian

41 prof. moris SalikaSvilis mosazreba, piradi saubridan.

42 gansxvavebuli mosazreba ix. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 223.

74

dakavSirebuli. am dros koliziaSia garantis valdebuleba,

daicvas misi dacvis qveS myofi piris samarTlebrivi sikeTe

(solidarobis valdebuleba) da aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba

(samarTlis dacvis ufleba). erTi (sadavo) Sexedulebis mixedviT,

mWidro ojaxuri urTierTobisas aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba

SezRudulia da ojaxis wevris mier ojaxis wevris mimarT

ganxorcielebuli Tavdacva Tavdasxmis proporciuli unda iyos.

momgeriebelma Tavi Tavdamsxmelis sikvdiliT ar unda daicvas,

Tu ojaxis wevris Tavdasxmisas misi sicocxle araa safrTxeSi,

Tu sasikvdilo dartymis gareSe aucilebeli mogerieba

SeuZlebelia, man am mogeriebas SesaZleblobis arsebobisas Tavi

unda aaridos (gaiqces saxlidan).43

sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi gamoTqmuli sawinaaRmdego

mosazrebiT, piri, romelic mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi itans

ojaxur Zaladobas, aRaraa dakavSirebuli moZaladesTan

garantis solidaruli valdebulebiT da mas aqedan gamomdinare,

mas aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba ar unda SeezRudos.44

diskusia mimdinareobs aseve sajaro xelisuflebis

warmomadgenelTaTvis (policieli) ucilebeli mogeriebis

uflebasTan, gansakuTrebiT ki policielis mier aucilebeli

mogeriebis/aucilebeli daxmarebissas cecxlsasroli iaraRis

43 am Sexedulebas iziarebs germanuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtika. ix. BGH, NJW 1975, 62;

BGH, NJW, 1984, 986.


75

gamoyenebis SezRudvasTan dakavSirebiT.45 mraval mosazrebaTa

Soris mxardaWeras imsaxurebs is Sexeduleba, romlis

mixedviTac policielis mier ganxorcielebuli aucilebeli

mogerieba marTlzomieria, Tu igi Tanazomierebis princips

daicavs.

2 ukiduresi aucilebloba

ukiduresi aucileblobis sqema (ssk 30-e muxli)


II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba, ukiduresi aucilebloba

1. ukiduresi aucileblobis obieqturi mxare

(1) ukiduresi mdgomareoba = imwuTieri safrTxe

(2) imwuTieri safrTxiT gamowveuli moqmedeba

1) ukiduresi mdgomareobiT gamowveuli moqmedeba – qmedeba

saWiroa (anu safrTxis Tavidan acileba sxva saSualebiT

SeuZlebeli unda iyos)

2) samarTlebriv sikeTeTa rangireba: daculi samarTlebrivi

sikeTe ufro mniSvnelovani unda iyos, vidre xelyofili.

2. ukiduresi aucileblobis subieqturi mxare.

(1) samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis safrTxis arsebobis codna

45 turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 380 da momd.

76

(2) samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis survili.

ukiduresi aucilebloba samarTlebrivi sikeTis upiratesobis

princips eyrdnoba. ssk 30-e muxli dasaSvebad miiCnevs erTi

samarTlebrivi sikTis gadarCenas meoris xarjze, Tu gadarCenili

samarTlebrivi sikeTis SenarCunebis interesi xelyofili

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis interess mniSvnelovnad

gadawonis. aucilebeli mogeriebisagan gansxvavebiT, romlis

drosac samarTlebriv sikeTeebs Soris kolizia erTi mxaris

(Tavdamsxmelis) mier ganxorcielebul Tavdasxmas efuZneba,

ukiduresi aucileblobisas, rogorc wesi, orive mxareze

samarTlebrivi siekTis dacvis legitimur interesTan gvaqvs

saqme. swored amitomac ukiduresi aucileblobisas

kolidirebul, xelyofil da dacul samarTlebriv sikeTeTa

Soris ierarqiis dacvaa saWiro. ukiduresi aucileblobis yvela

winapirobis arsebobisas samarTlebrivi sikeTis upiratesobis

principTan erTad daculia aseve aucilebeli mogeriebis

damfuZnebeli principi, samarTlis dacvis principi.46

ukiduresi aucilebloba, iseve rogorc aucilebeli mogerieba,

unda Seicavdes obieqtur da subieqtur mxares. ukiduresi

aucileblobis obieqturi mxarea ukiduresi mdgomareoba,

romelic moicavs imwuTier safrTxes da samarTlebrivi sikeTis

dasacavad ganxorcielebul saWiro (aucilebeli) qmedebas.

ukiduresi aucileblobis subieqturi mxare ki ukiduresi

mdgomareobis codna da samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis survilia.

46 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S. 80 f.

77

ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareoba imwuTier safrTxes

gulisxmobs. safrTxe ukiduresi aucileblobisas niSnavs

mdgomareobas, rodesac faqtobrivi garemoebis safuZvelze zianis

dadgomis seriozuli saSiSroeba arsebobs.

ukiduresi aucileblobisas safrTxe obieqturi damkvirveblis ex

ante perspeqtividan unda Sefasdes. esaa Sefaseba ukiduresi

aucileblobis qmedebis ganxorcielebisas. safrTxes am dros ar

vafasebT ex post, anu am qmedebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, im codnis

safuZvelze, romelic qmedebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg gaxdeba

cnobili. safrTxis Sefasebisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas

Tavad ukidures aucileblobaSi moqmedi piris specialuri

codnac.

ukiduresi aucileblobisas safrTxe imwuTieri unda iyos.

safrTxe maSinaa imwuTieri, rodesac saqmis garemoebebis

daubrkolebeli ganviTarebisas raime RonisZiebis miRebis gareSe

zianis dadgoma ar daayovnebs.

imwuTieri safrTxisagan unda ganvasxvaoT gangrZobadi safrTxe.

safrTxe maSinaa gangrZobadi, rodesac mdgomareoba, romelsac

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianeba SeuZlia, droSia gawelili.

samarTlebrivi sikeTe nebismier momentSi SeiZleba iqnas

xelyofili, magram xelyofis dro konkretulad araa

gansazRvruli (gansazRvradi) da samarTlebrivi sikeTis

efeqturad dasacavad dauyovneblivi moqmedebaa saWiro.

78

gangrZobadi safrTxis magaliTia «ojaxis tiranis» SemTxvevebi,

romlis drosac aucilebeli mogerieba ver dasabuTdeba

Tavdasxmis ararsebobis gamo. «ojaxis tiranis» SemTxvevebSi

gamoiricxeba aseve marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

ukiduresi aucileblobac, radgan gangrZobadi safrTxe

imwuTieri araa (sadavo). Tu gangZobad safrTxes imwuTierad

CavTvliT nebismier momentSi misi gaaqtiurebis SesaZleblobis

gamo, gamamarTlebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba mainc ver

dasabuTdeba, radgan samarTlebriv sikeTeTa Sewonasworebisas

erTi piris, msxverplis sicocxle meore sicocxles, gangrZobadi

safrTxis Semqmnelis sicocxles ver gadaswonis. gamonaklis

SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba gamoiricxos brali (bralis

gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucilebloba), Tu safrTxis Tavidan

acileba sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli iyo.

aucilebeli mogeriebisagan gansxvavebiT, ukiduresi

aucileblobisas dacvadia ara mxolod individualuri, aramed

agreTve sajaro samarTlebrivi sikeTe, mag., sagzao usafrTxoeba.

magaliTi: petrem dainaxa, rom ucnobis avtomanqanas muxruWebi moeSala da

quCaSi myofi bavSvebisaken mieqaneboda. man barierad viRacis samTvliani

motocikli gamoiyena da manqana SeaCera. amgvarad petrem daaziana rogorc

avtomanqana, aseve motocikli, magram man daicva sajaro interesi, sagzao

usafrTxoeba da gadaarCina bavSvebis sicocxle. avtomanqanis mimarT petrem

ganaxorciela TavdacviTi ukiduresi aucilebloba, motociklis mimarT ki –

TavdasxmiTi.

ukidures mdgomareobaSi SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod sakuTari,

aramed agreTve mesame piris samarTlebrivi sikeTec

79

(zemoTmoyvanili magaliTi). mesame piris samarTlebrivi sikeTis

dacvas ukiduresi aucileblobis viTarebaSi ukiduresi

mdgomareobisas daxmareba ewodeba.

magaliTi: cecxlis Casaqrobad da cecxlmokidebuli adamianis gadasarCenad

pirma sxvisi qurqi gamoiyena. am dros marTalia, pirma sxvisi nivTi

gaanadgura, magram man gadaarCina adamianis sicocxle. misiQqmedeba (ssk 187-e

muxlis 1-li nawili) gamarTlebulia ukiduresi aucileblobiT (ssk 30-e

muxli).

aseve SesaZlebelia erTi piris samarTlebrivi sikeTe iqnas

daculi misive meore, SedarebiT naklebmniSvnelovani

samarTlebrivi sikeTis xarjze.

magaliTi: petres Ymanqanas cecxli waekida. petres megobarma cecxli

petres qurqiT Caaqro. am dros marTalia, pirma petres nivTi (qurqi)

gaanadgura, magram man misive ufro Zvirfasi nivTi gadaarCina. misiQqmedeba

(ssk 187-e muxlis 1-li nawili) gamarTlebulia ukiduresi aucileblobiT

(ssk 30-e muxli).

ukiduresi aucileblobisas ukiduresobiT gamowveuli qmedeba

Semdeg faqtobriv pirobebs unda akmayofilebdes:

1. qmedeba obieqturad saWiro (aucilebeli) unda iyos, anu

Sedegis Tavidan acileba sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli unda iyos.

2. mesame piris, obieqturi damkvirveblis ex ante SexedulebiT

am qmedebiT safrTxis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebeli unda

iyos. Tu am qmedebiT safrTxis Tavidan acilebis Sansi

naklebia, gamoiricxeba am qmedebis ganxorcielebis

saWiroeba da Sesabamisad, ukiduresi aucileblobac.

80

3. es qmedeba miznis misaRwevad yvelaze ufro rbili

saSualeba unda iyos.

magaliTi: petres binaSi zemoTa binidan wyali Camodioda. petrem mezoblis

binis kari Seangria da onkani Caketa. mas SeeZlo, zemoTa mezoblis

megobrisaTvis, romelic iqve cxovrobda, gasaRebi gamoerTmia da kari ar

Seengria. miuxedavad imisa, rom petre imwuTieri safrTxis mdgomareobaSi

moqmedebda, saWiroebis ararsebobsi gamo misi qmedeba, sxvisi nivTis

dazianeba (ssk 187-e muxli) ukiduresi aucileblobiT ver gamarTldeba (ssk

30-e muxli).

aucilebeli mogeriebisagan (ssk 28-e muxli) gansxvavebiT,

ukiduresi aucileblobisas (ssk 30-e muxli) Tu yvelaze ufro

rbili saSualeba safrTxis wyarosagan gaqcevaa, pirma es

saSualeba unda gamoiyenos da samarTlebrivi sikeTe ar

daazianos, radgan ukiduresi aucileblobis principia interesTa

Sewonasworebaa da ara marTlwesrigis dacva (rogorc

aucilebeli mogeriebisas).

ukiduresi aucileblobisas samarTlebriv sikeTeTa

Sewonasworebisas unda gadawydes Semdegi sakiTxebi:

1. gadarCenili sikeTe ufro mniSvnelovania Tu dazianebuli.

samarTlebriv sikeTeTa rangirebisas daculi

samarTlebrivi sikeTe xelyofil samarTlebrivi sikeTes

unda gadawonides.

adamianis sicocxle umaRles ierarqiul safexurze dgas da

amitomac adamianis mokvdineba ukiduresi aucileblobiT ver

gamarTldeba. am ZiriTad debulebidan gamonaklisia

81

arapirdapiri evTanaziis magaliTi, rodesac tkivilebiT

datanjul momakvdav adamians tkivildamayuCebeli medikamentiT

sicocxle ki umokldeba, magram misi sicocxle amgvarad asatani

xdeba. am magaliTSi SedarebiT grZel, magram autaneli

tkivilebiT gajerebul sicocxles SedarebiT mokle, magram

tkivilisagan Tavisufali sicocxle gadawonis. Ppiris qmedeba,

adamianis sicocxlis Semokleba (ssk 108-e muxli, mkvleloba)

medikamentis micemiT, romelmac pacients tkivili dauama da

amgvarad misi sicocxle asatani gaxada, gamarTlebulia

ukiduresi aucileblobiT (ssk 30-e muxli).47

2. xom ar gamouwvevia safrTxe Tavad safrTxeSi Cavardnili

samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobels?

Tu piri mezoblis ZaRls gaabrazebs misi mokvlis mizniT, ZaRli

mas marTlac gamoekideba da kbenas dauwyebs, piris mier ZaRlis

mokvla ukiduresi aucileblobiT ver gamarTldeba.

3. ra moculobis iyo Tavad safrTxe?

SesaZlebelia gamarTldes ufro maRal safexurze mdgomi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis mciremniSvnelovani xelyofa, Tu

SedarebiT dabal safexurze mdgomi samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis

Seqmnili safrTxe metad didia. mag., Sua zamTarSi gamvlelebis

civi wyliT gawuwva da maTi gaciebis safrTxis Seqmna mexanZris

mier Senobis cecxlis Caqrobisas.48



82

4. zianis dadgomis albaToba

rac ufro didia samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis zianis dadgomis

safrTxe da naklebia safrTxeSi myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis

gadasarCenad gawiruli samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofis

safrTxe, miT ufro dasaSvebia qmedeba.

5. gadarCenis Sansi

rac ufro naklebia safrTxeSi myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis

gadarCenis Sansi, miT ufro Znelad gamarTldeba samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xelyofa mis gadasarCenad.

ukiduresi aucileblobisas sicocxleTa Sewonasworeba

dauSvebelia. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ukiduresi

aucileblobiT ver gamarTldeba verc safrTxis Semqmnelis

mokvdineba safrTxeSi Cavardnilis sicocxlis gadasarCenad da

verc mcire odenobis adamianTa mokvdineba mravali adamianis

gadasarCenad („qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucilebloba“).

ukiduresi aucileblobis subieqturi mxare mdgomareobs

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis safrTxis arsebobis codnasa da

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis survilSi. Tu pirma ar icis,

rom igi Tavisi qmedebiT samarTlebriv sikeTes gadaarCens, igi

ukiduresi aucileblobis mdgomareobiT ver gamarTldeba.

magaliTi: petrem Tavisi mtris, pavles saxls dazianebis mizniT fanjrebi

Caumtviria. Turme pavles gazis gamTbobobeli gafuWebuli yofila da

pavles mTel ojaxs goni hqonia dakarguli. fanjrebis CamtvreviT saxli

ganiavda da pavles da misi ojaxi gadarCa. petres qmedeba (ssk 187-e muxlis

83

1-li nawili) ukiduresi aucileblobiT (ssk 30-e muxli) ver gamarTldeba,

radgan petrem ar icoda, rom pavle da misi ojaxi safrTxeSi iyo.

ukiduresi aucileblobis ori saxe arsebobs:

1. TavdacviTi (defenziuri) da

2. TavdasxmiTi (agersiuli) ukiduresi aucilebloba.

TavdacviTi ukiduresi aucileblobisas piri azianebs safrTxis

wyaros safrTxeSi Cavardnili samarTlebrivi sikeTis

gadasarCenad. TavdasxmiTi ukiduresi aucileblobisas ki amave

mizniT ziandeba is samarTlebrvi sikeTe, romlisganac safrTxe

ar momdinareobs.

magaliTi: petres Tavs daesxa mezoblis qofaki ZaRli da mis janmrTelobas

safrTxe Seuqmna. man ZaRls TavSi megobris nouTbuqi urtya, ZaRli mokla

da nouTbuqic daamtvria. Aam qmedebiT petrem ganaxorciela danaSaulis

Semadgenloba – sxvisi nivTis ganzrax ganadgureba an dazianeba (ssk 87-e

muxlis 1-li nawili) rogorc ZaRlis, aseve nouTbuqis mimarT. petres mier

ZaRlis mokvla TavdacviTi ukiduresi aucileblobiT gamarTldeba (ssk 30-e

muxli), radgan ZaRli iyo petres janmrTelobisaTvis Seqmnili safrTxis

wyaro da petre misgan icavda Tavs. rac Seexeba nouTbuqs, is TavdasxmiTi

ukiduresi aucileblobisas dazianda. safrTxe nouTbukisagan ar modioda

da misi dazianeba ufro mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi sikeTis, petres

janmrTelobis dasacavad (TavdasxmiTi) ukiduresi aucileblobiT iyo

gamowveuli.

rogorc TavdacviTi, aseve TavdasxmiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba

gamamarTlebeli garemoebaa, anu piri orive magaliTiSi

sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs ar agebs danaSaulis

ararsebobis gamo. maT Soris aris erTi gansxvaveba. TvdacviTi

84

ukiduresi aucileblobisas piri samoqalaqosamarTlebrivadac

ar agebs pasuxs, TavdasxmiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis dros ki

igi valdebulia, xelyofili samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobels

ziani samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi wesiT aunazRauros.

sityva „sxva“ ssk 30-e muxlSi farTod unda gavigoT da masSi

moviazroT rogorc im samarTlebrivisikeTis dazianeba,

romlidanac safrTxe momdinareobs, aseve im samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dazianebac, romelsac safrTxesTan araviTari kavSiri ar

aqvs.

aucilebeli mogerieba da ukiduresi aucilebloba

erTmaneTisagan Semdegi niSnebiT gansxvavdeba:

1. aucilebeli mogerieba (ssk 28-e muxli) adamianis mier

ganxorcielebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego xelyofiT

xasiaTdeba, ukiduresi aucilebloba ki safrTxiT, romelic,

rogorc wesi, warmoSobilia bunebrivi movlenebiT, cxovelis

«TavdasxmiT» da sxv.

2. aucilebeli mogerieba (ssk 28-e muxli) ukiduresi

aucileblobisagan (ssk 30-e muxli) gansxvavebiT,

samarTlebriv sikeTeTa rangirebas ar iTvaliswinebs

(gamonaklisia aucilebeli mogeriebis social-adeqvaturi

SezRudvis specialuri SemTxvevebi). debuleba imis Sesaxeb,

rom xelyofil da dacul samarTlebriv sikeTeTa rangireba

aucilebeli mogeriebis niSani araa, SemdegSi gamoikveTeba:

aucilebeli mogeriebisas SeiZleba dacul iqnas ufro

85

dabal safexurze mdgomi samarTlebrivi sikeTe da

xelyofil iqnas ufro maRal safexurze mdgomi. mag.,

SeiZleba adamianma daicvas Tavisi janmrTeloba

Tavdamsxmelis mokvliT. adamianis sicocxle

(Tavdamsxmelisac) absoluturi samarTlebrivi sikeTea,

janmrTeloba ierarqiulad masze dabal safexurze dgas,

magram janmrTelobis dacvisas Tavdamsxmelis mokvla ssk

28-e muxlis safuZvelze gamarTlebulia. ukiduresi

aucilebloba daculi da xelyofili samarTlebrivi

sikeTeebis rangirebis princips eyrdnoba. qmedeba

gamarTldeba mxolod maSin, rodesac samarTlebriv

sikeTeTa SewonasworebiT dadgindeba, rom daculi

samarTlebrivi sikeTe xelyofil samarTlebriv sikeTesTan

SedarebiT maRal ierarqiul safexurze dgas. solidarobis

principidan gamomdinare, samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis

arsebuli imwuTieri safrTxis arsebobisas am

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadasarCenad dasaSvebia

naklebadmniSvnelovani, safrTxesTan kavSirSi armyofi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebac ki.

3. aucilebeli mogeriebisas piri araa valdebuli, gaiqces an

sxvas mimarTos dasaxmareblad (ssk 28-e muxlis me-2 nawili),

ukiduresi aucileblobisas ki qmedeba mxolod maSinaa

gamarTlebuli, Tu pirs sxva gamosavali ar hqonda, Tu am

safrTxis Tavidan acileba sxva saSualebiT ar SeiZleboda

(ssk 30-e muxli).

86

3 „damnaSavis Sepyroba“

damnaSavis Sepyrobis sqema (ssk 29-e muxli)

I. ssk erT romelime muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis

dispozicia (Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, iZuleba an sxeulis

msubuqi dazianeba)


1. damnaSavis Sepyrobis obieqturi mxare - moqmedeba cxel

kvalze (sakmarisia eWvi, rom pirma samarTladarRveva

Caidina)

2. damnaSavis Sepyrobis subieqturi mxare – mizani –

Sepyrobilis xelisuflebis organoSi warsadgenad

termini „damnaSavis Sepyroba“ ssk 29-e muxlSi pirobiTia.

Sempyrobma ar icis, pirma danaSauli Caidina, Tu mxolod

umarTloba, anu man ar icis, samarTaldamrRvevi Seracxadia Tu

Seuracxadi.

sisxlis samarTalSi cnobilia msgavsi, magram ara identuri

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi: damnaSavis

Sepyroba (ssk 29-e muxli) da dakaveba (sssk 170-e muxli).

damnaSavis Sepyroba (ssk 29-e muxli) materialur-samarTlebrivi

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebaa, dakaveba (sssk

170-e muxli) ki saproceso-samarTlebrivi.49 dakaveba, (sssk 170-e


87

muxli) rogorc marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli saproceso-

samarTlebrivi instituti, gacilebiT ufro mkacr winapirobebs

unda akmayofilebdes (ix. sssk 171-175-e muxlebi), vidre

materialur-samarTlebrivi damnaSavis Sepyroba (ssk 29-e muxli).

damnaSavis Sepyrobisas piri axorcielebs ssk 143-e muxls,

damnaSaves Tavisuflebas aRukveTavs.

damnaSavis Sepyrobis ufleba aqvs rogorc dazaralebuls, aseve

nebismier sxva adamians. damnaSavis Sepyroba mxolod piris

uflebaa da ara movaleoba. moqalaqe araa sazogadoebriv

sawyisebze momuSave policieli. Tu moqalaqem damnaSave ar

Seipyro, igi pasuxs ar agebs.

moqalaqes «damnaSavis Sepyrobis» ufleba aqvs mxolod maSin, Tu

igi pirs danaSaulis Cadenisas an CadenisTanave waaswrebs.

damnaSavis Sepyroba mizniT unda iyos determinirebuli, anu

moqalaqe damnaSavis xelisuflebis organoSi wardgenis (da

SemdgomSi misi saTanadod dasjis) mizniT unda moqmedebdes. ra

Tqma unda, pirma unda icodes, rom igi damnaSaves Seipyrobs da

surdes kidec es.

damnaSavis Sepyrobisas piri damnaSaves Tavisuflebas aRukveTavs,

e.i. igi ssk 143-e muxls axorcielebs. ssk 143-e muxlis 1-li

nawilis Tanaxmad, dasjadia Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa.

sityvas „ukanono“ 143-e muxlSi Tu qmedebis Semadgenlobis

niSnad miviCnevT, maSin damnaSavis Sepyrobisas misi Tavisflebis

aRkveTa Semadgenlobis gamomricxveli iqneba da ara

88

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli, magram radgan kanonmdebeli

damnaSavis Sepyrobas (ssk 29-e muxli) marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxvel garemoebaTa TavSi (ssk VIII Tavi) iTvaliswinebs,

kanonis sistematuri ganmartebidan gamomdinare, kanonmdebeli am

sityviT „ukanono“ miuTiTebs martoden imaze, rom

marTlwinaaRmdegobis dadgenisas kanongamomyenebelma

pozitiurad unda daaadginos, Seesabameba Tu ara Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa kanons.50

damnaSavis mokvla, miuxedavad mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis

simZimisa, ssk 29-e muxlis mixedviT gamarTlebulad ar CaiTvleba.

damnaSavis Sepyrobis mizniT dasaSvebia misi dazianebac, Tu

gadacilebuli araa „aucilebeli zoma“. damnaSavis Sepyrobis

aucilebeli zoma damokidebulia mis mier ganxorcielebuli

qmedebis saSiSroebaze. Tu pirma damnaSavis Sepyrobisas

gadaacila saWiro zomas da damnaSave daaziana, igi ssk 123-e

muxlis Sesabamisad (janmrTelobis mZime an naklebad mZime

dazianeba damnaSavis Sepyrobis farglebis gadacilebisas) agebs

pasuxs. Tu pirma mokla damnaSave, igi pasuxs agebs 114-e muxliT

(mkvleloba damnaSavis SepyrobisaTvis aucilebeli zomebis

gadacilebisas).

rodesac piri SecdomiT udanaSaulo kacs Seipyrobs, igi cdeba

rogorc saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebSi (hgonia, rom pirma

50 rogorc wesi, marTlwinaaRmdegoba negatiurad unda dadgindes, anu, unda dadgindes is,

rom marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli raime garemoeba ar arsebobs. maSin, rodesac

qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi sityva „ukanono“ gamoiyeneba, ama Tu im kanonTan Sesabamisoba

da amgvarad, qmedebis marTlzomiereba unda dadgindes.

89

danaSauli Caidina), aseve Tavisi qmedebis iuridiul SefasebaSi

(hgonia, rom TviTon marTlsawinaaRmdegod ar moqmedebs). amgvari

ormagi Secdoma araa gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdeblobaSi. es qmedeba Secdoma SeiZleba dakvalificirdes:

1. an rogorc faqtobrivi Secdoma (radgan pirma ar icoda, rom

pirs danaSauli ar Caudenia) da gamoiricxos ganzraxva ssk

me-9 muxliT. amgvarad gadavdivarT gaufrTxileblobaze, Tu

Tu Secdoma sapatio ar iyo.

2. an rogorc Secdoma akrZalvaSi - ssk 36-e muxlis mixedviT

(radgan pirs egona, rom igi marTlzomierad moqmedebda) da

iseve gadavalT gaufrTxileblobisaTvis sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobaze, Tu Secdoma sapatio ar iyo.

problemis gadawyvetis orive variantSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvamde mivdivarT, radgan Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa, iZuleba da janrmTelobis msubuqi dazianeba

gaufrTxileblobiT araa dasjadi.

4 marTlzomieri riski

marTlzomieri riskis sqema (ssk 31-e muxli)

I. samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis miyenebuli ziani

II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba - marTlzomieri riski

1. marTlzomieri riskis obieqturi mxare

(1) samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis arsebuli imwuTieri safrTxe

90

(2) riski - ukanaskneli saSualeba

(3) samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebis garduvalobis ararseboba

2. marTlzomieri riskis subieqturi mxare – samarTlebrivi

sikeTis gadarCenis mizani

Tu riskis gamwevma icis, rom sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo

miznis misaRwevad samarTlebrivi sikeTe uciloblad daiRupeba,

igi pasuxs ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis agebs. adamianis sicocxle

absoluturi sikeTea da Tu igi raime sxva samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dasacavad xelyves, qmedeba marTlzomieri riskiT ar

iqneba gamarTlebuli.

marTlzomieri riskis magaliTia mocemuli l. tolstios patara moTxroba

„zvigenSi.“ mezRvaurma mamam dainaxa, rom zRvaSi mocurave mis Svils zvigeni

uaxlovdeboda. man zvigens tyviamfrqvevidan esrola da mokla. arsebobda

albaToba imisa, rom igi zvigens ki ara, bavSvs moklavda. am srolis Sedegad

bavSvi rom daRupuliyo, mama Tanamedrove sisxlissamarTlebrivi gagebiT,

marTlzomieri riskiT gamarTldeboda, radgan bavSvis sicocxle imwuTier

safrTxeSi iyo, misi gadarCenis sxva raime saSualeba ar arsebobda (riski,

rogorc ukanaskneli saSualeba, ultima ratio), mamis qmedebas garduvalad

bavSvis sikvdili ar mohyveboda da mama bavSvis sicocxlis gadarCenis

mizniT moqmedebda.

sisxlis samarTalSi araa erTgvarovani mosazreba marTlzomier

riskis sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. erTi

mosazrebis mixedviT, risks samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebis

gareSec eniWeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi mniSvneloba.51 meore


2008, gv. 236.

91

mosazreba ki riskis sisxlissamarTlebriv mniSvnelobas

gamoricxavs maSin, Tu am risks samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianeba

ar mohyolia.52 mxardaWeras misaxurebs meore mosazreba, radgan

marTlwinaaRmdegobaze saubari qmedebis Semadgenlobis gareSe

yovelive azrs moklebulia da amitomac marTlzomieri riskis,

rogorc marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis

„asamoqmedeblad“ swored samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianeba,

romelime qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaa saWiro.

5 movaleobaTa kolizia

movaleobaTa koliziis sqema


II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba – movaleobaTa kolizia

1. movaleobaTa koliziis obieqturi mxare - ori (ramdenime)

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis arsebuli imwuTieri

safrTxe

2. movaleobaTa koliziis subieqturi mxare – erTi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis survili

ssk VIII Tavi marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebebs

amomwuravad ar gansazRvravs. ssk 32-e muxli iTvaliswinebs

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas sxva

52 fanjikiZe, citirebulia Semdegi wignis mixedviT: gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 237.

92

marTlzomieri qmedebis dros, anu marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebebs.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebebs 32-e

muxlze dayrdnobiT samosamarTlo samarTali da sisxlis

samarTlis dogmatika gansazRvravs.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebebia

movaleobaTa kolizia, dazaralebulis Tanxmoba, dazaralebulis

savaraudo Tanxmoba, dazaralebulis hipoTeturi Tanxmoba

(Tanamedrove medicinis sisxlis samarTlis axali, jerjerobiT

ganviTarebis etapze myofi samarTlebrivi instituti).

movaleobaTa kolizia gamamarTlebeli garemoebaa umoqmedobisas,

rodesac pirs (garants) TanabarmniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi

sikeTeebis mimarT moqmedebis samarTlebrivi movaleoba

erTdroulad warmoeSoba, mas mxolod erTi movaleobis

Sesruleba SeuZlia, igi erT samarTlebriv sikeTes gadaarCens da

meore ki daiRupeba.

movaleobaTa kolizia marTlwinaaRmdegobas gamoricxavs maSin,

Tu safrTxeSi myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTeebi Tanabari

samarTlebrivi Rirebulebisaa da safrTxis xarisxi Tanabaria.

movaleobaTa kolizia gamoiricxeba, Tu garanti naklebi

samarTlebrivi Rirebulebis mqone sikeTes gadaarCens da maRali

Rirebulebis samarTlebrivi sikeTe daiRupeba, anda maSin,

rodesac gadarCenil samarTlebriv sikeTes ufro naklebi

safrTxe emuqreboda, vidre daRupuls.

93

movaleobaTa koliziis klasikuri magaliTi: saswrafo operacias ori

adamiani saWiroebs. radgan qirurgs erTdroulad mxolod erTi operaciis

gakeTeba SeuZlia, misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba,

Tu igi erT pcients operacias gaukeTebs, gadaarCens da meore am dros

daiRupeba.

rodesac ori movaleoba – garantis movaleoba da solidaruli

movaleoba erTdroulad warmoiSoba, movaleobaTa kolizia ar

gveqneba, radgan garantis movaleoba ierarqiulad ufro maRal

sfexurze dgas, vidre solidaruli. Tu pirs erTdroulad orive

movaleoba warmoeSva, rogorc garantisa, aseve solidaruli da

man solidaruli movaleoba ganaxorciela, igi Tavisi dacvis

qveS myofi piris mimarT umarTlobas sCadis, e.i. mis mier

ganxorcielebuli umoqmedobis marTlwinaaRmdegoba ar

gamoiricxeba. am dros piri mainc ar daisjeba gasakicxaobis, anu

bralis ararsebobis gamo, radgan gasakicxi araa is, rom pirma

(sxva) adamiani gadaarCina.

magaliTi: pirma cecxlwakidebuli saxlidan sakuTari mZime avadmyofi deda

ki ara, dedisave TxovniT, mezoblis Cvili bavSvi gamoiyvana da sikvdils

gadaarCina. deda cecxlSi daiwva. piris qmedeba araa gamarTlebuli

movaleobaTa koliziiT, radgan mas martodent erTi piris, dedis mimarT

ekisreboda garantis movaleoba. igi dedis mimarT umoqmedobiT mkvlelobis

umarTlobas axorcielebs, radgan saxezea rogorc umoqmedobis mkvlelobis

qmedebis Semadgenloba, aseve marTlwinaaRmdegobac. bavSvis gadarCenis da

amgvarad, solidaruli movaleobis ganxorcielebis gamo gamoiricxeba

zogadad brali, rogorc gasakicxaoba, radgan araa gasakicxi is, rom pirma

adamiani gadaarCina.

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

zekanonuri garemoebaa. igi eyrdnoba uZveles samarTlebriv

94

princips „volenti non fit iniuria“ (ulpiane) da avtonomiis principze

dafuZnebul pirovnebis TviTgansazRvris (TviTgamorkvevis)

uflebas.

umciresobis mier sisxlis samarTlis TeoriaSi gamoTqmuli

mosazrebiT, dazaralebulis Tanxmobisas gamoiricxeba ara

marTlwinaaRmdegoba, aramed qmedebis Semadgenloba.53 es

mosazreba SeiZleba davasabuToT im argumentiT, rom

sisxlissamarTlebrivi normis dispozicia piris nebis

sawinaaRmdego moqmedebas gulisxmobs da Tu qmedeba piris nebas

Seesabameba, qmedebis Semadgenloba ar iqneba ganxorcielebuli.

7. dazaralebulis Tanxmoba

dazaralebulis Tanxmobis sqema


II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba – dazaralebulis Tanxmoba

1. gamarTlebis obieqturi elementi

1. daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTis gankargvadoba

2. damTanxmeblis gankargvis ufleba

3. Tanxmobaunarianoba

4. nebis mniSvnelovani xarvezis ararseboba


95

5. nebis gamomJRavneba qmedebamde54

2. gamarTlebis subieqturi elementi – Tanxmobis codna.

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba, rogorc gamamarTlebeli garemoeba

zemoTCamoTvlil obieqtur da subieqtur winapirobebs unda

akmayofilebdes. adamianis sicocxle gankargvadi samarTlebrivi

sikeTe araa, amitomac msxverplis TxovniT mkvlelobisas

marTlwinaaRmdegoba ar gamoiricxeba, magram pirs, romelmac

momakvdavi gausaZlisi tanjvisagan ixsna, samarTali naklebad

kicxavs da mas msubuq sasjels ukavSirebs. msxverplis TxovniT

mkvlelobas (ssk 110-e muxli) qarTul sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikaSi evTanaziasac uwodeben.

Tuki piri msxvepls misi Txovnis safuZvelze moklavs, igi ssk

110-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul privilegiur mkvlelobas –

msxverplis TxovniT mkvlelobas mxolod maSin axorcielebs,

rodesac es qmedeba

1. msxverplis daJinebuli TxovniT

2. misi namdvili nebis Sesabamisad

3. momakvdavis fizikuri tkivilisagan gaTavisuflebis mizniT

moxda.

54 Ggermanul sisxlis samarTalSi gamarTlebis obieqtur elementebs amateben qmedebis

uzneobis gamoricxvasac.

96

Tu es yvela piroba araa saxeze, msxverplis daJinebuli Txovna

mxolod sasjelis daniSvnisas iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli, rogorc

bralis da sasjelis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba.

magaliTi: petres manqanis marTvisas wamierad CaeZina, avtomanqana Semxvedr

manqanas daejaxa da petres col-Svili daiRupa. am avariis Semdeg depesiaSi

Cavardnili petre misi daJinebuli da seriozuli TxovniT misma megobarma

pavlem mokla. pavles ssk 110-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli privilegiuri

mkvleloba, msxverplis TxovniT mkvleloba, ar ganuxorcielebia, radgan mis

motivs, megobris autaneli sulieri tanjvisagan gaTavlisuflebas ssk 110-e

muxlis ar iTvaliswinebs.

dazaralebulis Tanxmobis problemis ganxilvisas

erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvaoT aqtiuri, pasiuri da

arapirdairi evTanazia.

aqtiuri evTanazia (mkvleloba msxverplis TxovniT, ssk 110-e

muxli) danaSaulis privilegiuri Semadgenlobaa bralis

simciris gamo.

pasiuri evTanazia samedicino personalis mier mkurnalobis

Sewyvetaa, ris Sedegadac pacienti, romelsac gadawyvetilebis

miReba Tavad aRar SeuZlia, kvdeba. pasiuri evTanazia eTikuri

mosazrebebiT gamarTlebulia, radgan pacientis tanjviT

sikvdilis procesi ar gaxangrZlivdeba.

arapirdapiri evTanaziis dros avadmyofs tkivilgamayuCebel

wamals ukeTeben, romelsac sicocxlis xangrZliobis Semokleba

SeuZlia. saavadmyofoebSi, rogorc wesi, tkivils morfiT ayuCeben,

rac sicocxles amoklebs.

97

pasiuri da arapirdapiri evTanazia saqarTveloSi araa dasjadi

qmedeba.

piri, romelic samarTlebrivi sikeTeze zemoqmedebas Tanxmdeba,

Tavad unda iyos am samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobeli da mas

mocemuli samarTlebrivi sikeTis gankargvis ufleba unda

hqondes. Sesabamisad, dazaralebulma Tanxmoba SeiZleba mxolod

individualuri samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofaze ganacxados.

sajaro interesis xelyofa araa dazaralebulis TanxmobiT

gamarTlebuli. ssk 370-e muxli (cru Cvenebis da a.S. micema)

icavs rogorc sajaro (marTlmsajulebis interesi), aseve kerZo

(adamianis Tavisufleba, Rirseba, pativi) interesebs.

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba mis sawinaaRmdegod cru Cvenebis

micemaze qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobas ar gamoricxavs, radgan

kerZo pirs ara aqvs ufleba, gankargos sajaro interesi

(marTlmsajulebis interesi).

magaliTi: rodesac mama Svilis mier Cadenil mkvlelobas ibralebs da

mezobeli amas daadasturebs mamis daJinebuli Txovnis gamo, mezobeli

daisjeba cru Cvenebis micemisaTvis (ssk 370-e muxli), mama ki, radgan man

mezobeli cru Cvenebis misacemad daiyolia, cru Cvenebis micemis

waqezebisaTvis (ssk 24-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 370-e muxlebi). orive piri

xelyofs sajaro interess – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis interess.

dazaralebuli, romelic Tanxmobas acxadebs samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dazianebaze, Tanxmobaunariani unda iyos.

Tanxmobaunarianoba gansxvavdeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi

Seracxvaunarianobisa da samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi

qmedunarianobisagan.

98

Tanxmobaunarianobis winapirobaa aRqmaunarianoba da

gansjaunarianoba. damTanxmebels unda SeeZlos aRqma imisa, ra

samarTlebriv sikeTes gankargavs igi da Secnobili hqondes

damdgari Sedegis moculoba. TanxmobaunarianobisaTvis

aucilebeli araa sruwlovanobis miRweva (18 weli). bavSvis (18

wels miuRwevlis) Tanxmobaunarianobis dasadgenad

ganmsazRvrelia erTi mxriv, misi socialuri simwifis xarisxi da

meore mxriv, ganxorcielebuli Carevis saxe. namdvili Tanxmoba

kbilis amoRebaze SeiZleba ganacxados 18 wels miuRwevelmac,

magram saSiSi operaciis Catarebaze Tanxmobas bavSvi ver

gascems.55 Tanxmobaunarianobas gamoricxavs ssk 34-e muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo,

radgan am dros piri araa aRqmaunarianida gansjaunariani.

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba saxezea mxolod maSin, rodesac

Tanxmoba dafuZnebulia Tavad dazaralebulis Tavisufal nebaze.

Tu dazaralebulis Tanxoba ZaladobiTaa mopovebuli, anu

dazaralebulis neba xarveziania, dazaralebulis Tanxmoba

marTlwinaaaRmdegobas ver gamoricxavs.

Tanxmobis gamcemis neba xarveziania aseve maSin, rodesac igi mis

mimarT gansaxorcielebeli qmedebasTan dakavSirebiT srul

informacias ar flobs. dazaralebulis Tavisufal nebas

gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba medicinis sferoSi. pacientis

TviTgansazRvrisaTvis (TviTgamorkvevisaTvis) aucilebelia misi


99

informirebuloba samedicino proceduris ganxorcielebamde da

misgan uxarvezo informirebuli Tanxmobis miReba.

Tanxmoba gacemuli unda iyos samarTlebrivi sikeTis

dazianebamde, werilobiT, sityvierad an konkludenturad da igi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis damzianeblis mier aRqmuli unda iyos.

sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi specialistebis didi nawili

dazaralebulis (pacientis) Tanxmobis safuZvelze

marTlwinaaRmdegobas qirurgiuli operaciis drosac

gamoricxavs.

magaliTi: qirurgi fexis mokveTiT (mag., gangrenis dros) janmrTelobis

ganzrax mZime dazianebis (ssk 117-e muxli) qmedebis Semadgenlobas

axorcielebs, magram misi qmedeba araa marTlsawinaaRmdego

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebis gamo ssk 32-e

muxlis Tanaxmad.

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba marTlwinaaRmdegobas ar gamoricxavs

maSin, rodesac qmedeba uzneoa, miuxedavad dazaralebulis

Tanxmobis yvela sxva niSnis arsebobisa.56

magaliTi 1: eqimi sazRauris sanacvlod materialurad gaWirvebul adamians

misi TanxmobiT romelime organos amoaclis am organos komerciuli

mizniT transplantaciisaTvis. miuxedavad dazaralebulis Tanxmobisa,

qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba ssk 32-e muxlis mixedviT ar gamoiricxeba.

56 germanuli ssk § 228 (Tanxmoba) iTvaliswinebs sxeulis dazianebisas qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobas Tanxmobis miuxedavad, rodesac ganxorcielebuli qmedeba uzneoa.

aRniSnuli norma exeba mxolod Tanxmobis gamorcxvas sxeulis dazianebasTan

mimarTebaSi da analogiurad ar avrceleben mas Tavisuflebis, Rirsebisa da qonebis

winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebze. ix. Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Heidelberg 3. Aufl., 2001, S. 87.

100

magaliTi 2: xuliganTa bandebi wesebis gareSe Cxubze SeTanxmdnen. bandis

wevrebma erTmaneTi mZimed daazianes da maT xangrZlivi stacionaruli

mkurnaloba dasWirdaT. damzianeblebi dazaralebulis TanxmobiT ver

gamarTldebian da pasuxs janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianebisaTvis

ageben (ssk 117-e muxlis 1-li nawili).

dazaralebulis Tanxmoba marTlwinaaRmdegobas gamoricxavs

sportuli RonisZiebebisas, rodesac sportsmeni (mokrive)

Tanxmobas acxadebs sxeulis dazianebaze.

magaliTi: krivis dros petrem mowinaaRmdeges magrad scema. petre am dros

ssk 125-e muxlis 1-li nawilis (cema) Semadgenlobas asrulebda, magram misi

qmedeba, ssk 32-e muxlis Tanaxmad, metoqis, dazaralebulis Tanxmobis gamo

marTlsawinaaRmdego ar iyo.

rodesac dazaralebuli, romelic Tanxmobas acxadebs misi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebaze, Tanxmobauunaroa,

samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelmyofi pasuxs agebs ganzraxi

danaSaulisaTvis, Tu man icis dazaralebulis

Tanxmobauunarobis Sesaxeb. rodesac dazaralebuli

Tanxmobauunaroa da pirma amis Sesaxeb ar icis, adgili aqvs

Secdomas marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel garemoebaSi, rac

ganzraxi qmedebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas gamoricxavs (ix.

bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebi).

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben

qmedebis Semadgenlobis gamomricxvel (Einverständnis) da

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel (Einwilligung) Tanxmobas.

qmedebis Semadgenlobis gamomricxveli Tanxmoba (Einverständnis)

101

maSinaa saxeze, rodesac qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi dazaralebulis

nebis sawinaaRmdego qmedebaze pirdapiraa miTiTebuli.

magaliTi: gogonam petre saxlSi dapatiJa. Tu petre gogonasTan stumrad

marTlac miva, ar iqneboda swori imis mtkiceba, rom petre ssk 160-e muxlis

Semadgenlobas axorcielebs (binis an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis

darRveva) da igi sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs ar agebs qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxvis gamo. binis an sxva mflobelobis

xelSeuxeblobis darRvevis dispozicia binaSi misi mflobelis nebis

sawinaaRmdego Sesvlas iTvaliswinebs da Tu binis mflobelma vinme Tavad

miipatiJa, saxezea qmedebis Semadgenlobis gamomricxveli Tanxmoba.

dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobisas qmedeba gamarTlebulia

(araa marTlsawinaaRmdego), Tu dazaralebuli piri, am qmedebis

ganxorcielebas namdvilad daeTanxmeboda, SesaZlebloba rom

hqonoda.

8. dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba

dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobis sqema

qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxilvis Semdeg – marTlwinaaRmdegoba

Semdegi niSnebiT:


(1) dazaralebulis an misi axloblisagan Tanxmobis miRebis

SeuZlebloba

(2) daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTis gankargvadoba

(3) Sesabamisoba savaraudo nebasTan

102

(4) samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis sawinaaRmdego nebis

Secnobadoba

(5) ganxorcielebuli qmedebis tipuroba

2. gamarTlebis subieqturi elementi – samarTlebrivi sikeTis

gadarCenis survili.

dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmoba or sxvadasxva jgufs

aerTianebs:

1. dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobis tipuri magaliTia

dazaralebulis interesSi Semavali qmedebebi, umeteswilad

medicinis sferodan, mag., operaciis Catareba gondakarguli

pacientis Tanxmobis gareSe. SeZlebisdagvarad upirvelesad

pacientis namdvili neba unda dadgindes.

Tu pacientis nebis dadgena SeuZlebelia, pacientis ugono

mdgomareobaSi yofnisas qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobas

gamoricxavs aseve ssk 109-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi CamoTvlil axlo

naTesavTa Tanxmoba. mxolod maSin, rodesac pacientis an misi

axloblis namdvili nebis dadgena SeuZlebelia,

gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes ex ante „gonieri adamianis“, saSualo

statistikuri adamianis savaraudo neba da dasabuTebuli

varaudi imisa, rom Tavad pacienti gonze rom yofiliyo, amgvar

informirebul Tanxmobas gascemda.

Tu eqimi miiCnevs, rom axlo naTesavebi operaciuli Carevis

winaaRmdeg aragonivrul gadawyvetilebas iReben (anu iseT

103

gadawyvetilebas, romelsac saSualo statistikuri pacienti an

misi axlobeli ar miiRebda) da pacientis sicocxle safrTxeSia,

man upiratesoba pacientis (saSualo statistikuri gonieri

adamianis) savaraudo nebas unda mianiWos da am nebis Sesabamisad

imoqmedos.

magaliTi: petre avariaSi mohyva da mZimed daSavda. igi saavadmyofoSi

ugono mdgomareobaSi miiyvanes. misi sicocxlis gadasarCenad aucilebeli

gaxda saswrafo operacia da dazianebuli fexis mokveTa. petres ugono

mdgomareobaSi yofnis gamo misgan informirebuli Tanxmobis miReba anda

misi namdvili nebis dadgena SeuZlebeli iyo. misi ojaxis informireba da

maTgan Tanxmobis miReba obieqturi mizezebis gamo ver moxerxda. qirurgma

mas erTi fexi mohkveTa da amgvarad petres sicocxle gadaarCina. sisxlis

samarTalSi gabatonebuli mosazrebiT, eqimis qmedeba, fexis moWra

janmrTelobis dazianebis qmedebis Semadgenlobas asrulebs (ssk 117-e

muxlis 1-li nawili), magram qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoricxulia

pacientis savaraudo Tanxmobis gamo.

gadamwyveti dazaralebulis savaraudi Tanxmobis dros

ganxorcielebuli qmedebis tipurobaa. sasamarTlo qirurgis

qmedebas, romelmac dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobis

gaTvaliswinebiT operacia gaakeTa da gondakargul pacients

sicocxlis gadasarCenad fexi mohkveTa, danaSaulad ar CaTvlis

marTlwinaaRmdegobis ararsebobis gamo, radgan am pacientis

adgilze saSualo statistikuri adamiani sikvdils ki ara,

operaciis gakeTebas da fexis moWras arCevda. eqimi maSinac ar

agebs pasuxs, rodesac dadasturdeba, rom petre msoflioSi

cnobili mocekvavea da fexis mokveTa misi namdvil nebas ar

Seesabameboda.

104

2. dazaralebulis savaraudo Tanxmobis meore jgufs miekuTvneba

SemTxvevebi, rodesac dazaralebuls mocemul konkretul

SemTxvevaSi samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis interesi ar gaaCnia.

am qmedebis ganxorcielebis interesi aqvs ara Tavad

samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobels, aramed qmedebis aqtiors.

qmedebis aqtiorma unda icodes, rom samarTlebrivi sikeTis

mflobels am samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis interesi ar gaaCnia.

magaliTi: petrem megobris ezoSi Zirnayari xili akrifa da daCira. petrem

amgvarad qurdobis (ssk 177-e muxlis 1-li nawili) Semadgenloba

ganaxorciela, magram radgan megobari petres mier xilis akrefis da petres

mier misi gamoyenebis winaaRmdegi arasodes yofila, petres qmedeba

dazaralebulis savaraudo TanxmobiT gamarTldeba.

am bolo dros samedicino sferoSi eqimis dasjadobis Tavidan

asacileblad sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikas Semoaqvs

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli axali sadavo zekanonuri

garemoeba – pacientis hipoTeturi Tanxmoba. hipoTeturma

Tanxmobam unda gamoricxos medikosis qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegoba rogorc wesi, operatiuli Carevisas,

rodesac pacients am samedicino CarevasTan dakavSirebiT sruli

informacia ar miuRia, Sesabamisad, rogorc informirebuli, aseve

savaraudo Tanxmoba (misi damatebiTi, subsidiaruli xasiaTis

gamo) gamoricxulia, magram pacients informacia rom mieRo, igi

am samedicino Carevas daTanxmdeboda.57

57 Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 83, Rn. 138.

105

dazaralebulis hipoTeturi Tanxmobis sqema


(1) dazaralebulis an misi axloblisagan Tanxmobis miRebis

SeuZlebloba

(2) daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTis gankargvadoba

(3) informirebulobis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisoba savaraudo

nebasTan

(4) samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis sawinaaRmdego nebis

Secnobadoba

(5) ganxorcielebuli qmedebis tipuroba

2. gamarTlebis subieqturi elementi – samarTlebrivi sikeTis

gadarCenis survili.

9. „damnaSavis“ ganiaraReba

ssk 32-e muxlis (sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebelobisagan

gaTavisufleba sxva marTlzomieri qmedebis dros) ganmartebisas

gamyreliZes Semoaqvs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis

(marTlwinaaRmdegobis) gamomricxveli axali garemoeba –

damnaSavis ganiaraReba.

sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi samarTlianad miuTiTeben, rom

nivTis iZulebiT CamorTmevisas (mTvrali mZRolisaTvis

avtomanqanis, umisamarTod msroleli pirisaTvis iaraRis

106

CamorTmeva) ukve qmedebis Semadgenloba gamoiricxeba. sxvisi

moZravi nivTis aSkara daufleba martoden maSin qmnis Zarcvis

(ssk 178-e muxli) Semadgenlobas, rodesac pirs miTvisebis mizani

amoZravebs. radgan am dasaxelebul magaliTiSi miTvisebis mizani

araa saxeze, arc Zarcvis Semadgenloba gveqneba da sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxismgebloba ukve danaSaulis agebulebis pirvel

safexurze, qmedebis Semadgenlobis safexurze, gamoiricxeba.

amitomac aq sruliad zedmetia saubari marTlwinaaRmdegobaze.

ase, rom, damnaSavis ganiaraReba Tu zogadad, nivTis CamorTmeva

swori mosazrebis Tanaxmad, marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

zekanonuri (ssk 32-e muxli) garemoeba ki ara, aramed qmedebis

Semadgenlobis gamomricxveli garemoebaa.58

IV brali

1 bralis cneba da adgili danaSaulis sistemaSi

brali sasjelis winapirobaa. bralis principi (nullum crimen sine

culpa) kanonierebis principTan erTad (nullum crimen sine lege, nulla

poena sine lege), sisxlis samarTlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principia.

brali qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi ganimarteba rogorc piris

upasuxismgebloba normatiulad dadgenili valdebulebebisadmi

(naWyebia) anda rogorc piris gakicxva Cadenili umarTlobis

gamo (turava). qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi bralis gareSe

58 dvaliZe, wignSi: dvaliZe/naWyebia (red.) sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, 2007, gv. 289.

107

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba ar arsebobs. brals

ekisreba ara mxolod sasjelis damafuZnebeli, aramed agreTve

misi SemzRudavi funqciac. bralis principi piris mier

marTlwesrigis darRvevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis

Tavisuflebas gulisxmobs. Aam Tavisuflebis ararseboba bralis

ararsebobaze migvaniSnebs. samarTlianoba da adamianis Rirseba

personaluri bralis gareSe sisxlissamarTlebriv

pasuxismgeblobas uaryofs.59

qmedebis Semadgenlobisa (danaSaulis pirveli safexuri) da

marTlwinaaRmdegobis (danaSaulis meore safexuri) Semdeg

brali danaSaulis mesame safexuria. sisxlissamarTlebrivi

brali marTlwesrigis mier social-eTikuri RirebulebiTi

Sefasebaa, igi samarTlebrivia da ara moraluri anda eTikuri.60

braleulad moqmedebs mxolod is piri, romelsac qmedebis Cadena

piradad SeiZleba vusayveduroT. Tu pirs qmedeba da Sedegi

individualurad ar Seeracxeba, gamoiricxeba misi bralic (ssk

33-e, 34-e, 36-e 37-e da 38-e muxlebi) da igi ar SeiZleba daisajos.

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis winapirobaa qmedebis da

Sedegis obieqturi, subieqturi da individualuri Seracxva.

obieqturi Seracxvisas, rasac qmedebis Semadgenlobis obietur

mxareSi mizezobriobis Semdeg ganvixilavT, unda gadawydes

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, aris Tu ara qmedebis Semadgenloba


60 Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 85, Rn.3.

108

(damdgari Sedegi) Tavad am piris qmnileba. subieqturi

SeracxvisaTvis qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis codna

da survili (ganzraxva) gaanalizdeba, rac Seexeba individualur

Seracxvas, aq wydeba sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenadaa

pasuxismgebeli piri individualurad am konkretuli qmedebis

CadenisaTvis.61

qmedebis finalur moZRvrebaze dafuZnebuli danaSaulis

agebuleba obieqtur da subieqtur Seracxvas (ganzraxva) qmedebis

SemadgenlobaSi moaqcevs, individualur Seracxvas ki – bralSi.

qmedebis kauzalur moZRvrebaze dafuZnebuli neoklasikuri

moZRvreba ki obieqtur Seracxvas (misi subieqturi xasiaTis

gamo) ar aRiarebs da rogorc subieqtur, aseve individualur

Seracxvas bralSi moiazrebs.

angarebis motivi mkvlelobisas umarTlobis damfuZnebeli niSani

araa, amitomac igi amsruleblidan Tanamonawileze ver gadava, anu

Tanamonawiles ver Seeracxeba. angareba Seeracxeba mxolod mas

da mxolod im piris bralis xarisxze imoqmedebs (daamZimebs

brals), visac es niSani axasiaTebs.

61 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Heidelberg, 3. Aufl., 2001, S. 92.

109

bralis komponentebi ganzraxi danaSaulisas neoklasikuri

moZRvrebis mixedviT

1. bralunarianoba (Seracxadoba) (33-e da 34-e muxlebi)

2. ganzraxi brali ssk me-9 muxlis mixedviT Tavisi samive

niSniT:

(1) qmedebis da Sedegis ganxorcielebis codna

(2) qmedebis da Sedegis ganxorcielebis codna

(3) Sedegis dadgomis survili/Segnebulad daSveba/gulgrili

damokidebuleba

(4) qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba

3. motivi (mag. angarebis motivi mkvlelobis dros, romelic

amZimebs brals) bralis damaxasiaTebeli personaluri

niSani


bralis komponentebs qarTuli sisxlis samarTali sxvadasxva

muxlebSi iTvaliswinebs.

1. ganzraxva Tavisi sami niSniT ssk me-9 muxlSia

gaTvaliswinebuli, gaufrTxilebloba ki - ssk me-10 muxlSi.

2. bralis damaxasiaTebeli personaluri niSani - motivi (mag.,

angarebis motivi mkvlelobis dros) kerZo nawilis

110

calkeul muxlebSia mocemuli, rogorc makvalificirebeli

garemoeba da SemTxvevis analizisas bralSi unda iqnas

ganxiluli da ara qmedebis subieqtur mxareSi.

umarTlobis xarisxi, rogorc wesi, bralis xarisxs gansazRvravs.

bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebi am wesidan gamonakliss

warmoadgenen. umarTloba SeiZleba arsebobdes bralis gareSe.

maSin, rodesac ssk IX TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli bralis

gamomricxveli garemoebebi arsebobs, gvaqvs umarTloba, magram

ara gvaqvs brali. brali ki umarTlobis gareSe ar arsebobs.

ssk IX TavSi bralis gamomricxveli Semdegi garemoebebia

gaTvaliswinebuli:

1. Seuracxaoba asakis gamo

2. Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo

3. Secdoma (akrZalvaSi)

4. brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba (sadavoa, aris Tu ara

bralis gamomricxveli damoukidebeli garemoeba. ix.

qvemoT).

5. sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba

sxva arabraleuli qmedebis dros.

bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebi ssk IX TavSi amomwuravad

araa gaTvaliswinebuli, radgan ssk 38-e muxli bralis

gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebas moicavs.

111

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs ara mxolod bralis

gamomricxvel, aramed agreTve bralis Semamsubuqebel

garemoebasac. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis zogad nawilSi

mocemulia aseve bralis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba -

SezRuduli Seracxadoba.

2 Seuracxaoba

ssk 33-e muxliT (Seuracxaoba asakis gamo), braluunaroa bavSvi

ToTxmeti wlis asakamde da ssk 34-e muxliT (Seuracxaoba

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo), fsiqikurad daavadebuli, anu maT,

kanonis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, qmedeba bralad ar Seeracxeba. rac

Seexeba SezRudul Seracxadobas (ssk 35-e muxli), romlis

drosac pirs fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo Tavisi qmedebis

faqtobrivi xasiaTis an marTlwinaaRmdegobis sruli

gacnobierebis anda misi xelmZRvanelobis unari ar aqvs, igi

brals (samarTlebriv sayvedurs) mxolod amsubuqebs da

sasjelis daniSvnis dros (ssk 34-e muxlis me-2 nawili)

gaiTvaliswineba. SemTxvevis analizisas SezRudul Seracxadobas

araviTari mniSvneloba ar eniWeba, radgan brali, anu danaSaulis

mesame safexuri mainc saxezea.62

62 germanul sisxlis samarTalSi simTvrale bralunarianobis gamomricxveli an

SemzRudveli garemoebaa. SezRuduli Seracxadoba saxezea maSin, rodesac sisxlSi

alkoholis koncentracia 2, 0 ‰ , 3, 0 ‰ ki bralunarianobas gamoricxavs. moqmedebiT

Cadenili ganzraxi mkvlelobisas postulirebuli fsiqologiuri barieris Teoriis

mixedviT, SezRuduli Seracxadoba aRiarebulia 2, 2 ‰ -dan, braluunaroba ki – 3,3 ‰ -dan.

es monacemebi bralunarianobis an SezRuduli bralunarianobis dasasabuTeblad

sasamarTlos mier xistad ar gamoiyeneba da saboloo sityvas eqsperti ambobs

konkretuli garemoebebis da qmedebis aqtioris SesaZleblobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT

112

Toduas mixedviT Seracxadoba piris unaria, gaacnobieros Tavisi

saqcielis socialur-samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba da marTos igi.

esaa mdgomareoba (asaki, inteleqti, neba), rodesac piris mier

Cadnili qmedebis bralad Seracxva SeiZleba.63 Seuracxaoba piris

iseTi mdgomareobaa, rodesac mas asakis an sulieri avadmyofobis

gamo ar SeuZlia Seicnos Tavisi saqcielis socialur-

samarTlebrivi mniSvenloba da marTos igi. Seuracxads mis mier

Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba (da ara danaSauli), anu

umarTloba 33-e (Seuracxaoba asakis gamo) da 34-e (Seuracxaoba

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo) muxlebis Tanaxmad, bralad ar

Seeracxeba. Seuracxaobis zemoTmoyvanili ganmarteba swored

Seuracxaobis Toduaseuli viwro ganmartebaa. Aam Sexedulebas

eTanxmeba turavac.64

gamyreliZis mixedviT Seuracxadia yvela is, visac ama Tu im

garemoebs gamo mis mier Cadenili umarTloba bralad ar

Seeracxeba. e.i. Seuracxadia is, visac ar Sesrulebia 14 weli,

Seuracxadia suliT avadmyofi, brZanebis Semsrulebeli da

misatevebeli Secdomis Camdeni. Todua Seuracxaobis amgvar

(piris agebuleba, alkoholis mimarT mgrZnobeloba da a.S.). ix. Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht

Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 86, Rn. 10. marTalia, germanul sisxlis samarTalSi brali

simTvralisas gamoiricxeba, magram piri mainc daisjeba specialuri normiT, romelic

simTvralis dros Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis erT muxls iTvaliswinebs, gssk §323a

(sruli simTvrale, an alkoholuri intoqsikacia), anda sisxlissamarTlebrivi

konstruqciis, actio libera in causa - ze dayrdnobiT.

63 Todua, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi



113

farTo gagebas Semdegi argumentiT akritikebs: kanonmdebeli

Seuracxaobaze mxolod asakTan da fsiqikur avadmyofobasTan

mimarTebaSi (33-e da 34-e muxlebSi) saubrobs. rac Seexeba

Secdomas (36-e muxli) da brZanebis Sesrulebas (37-e muxli),

kanonmdebeli aq mxolod dausjelobaze da sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxvaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da ara

Seracxaobaze. Todua bralis gamomricxvel garemoebebs or

jgufad yofs.65 esenia:

1. Seuracxaoba (asakis da fsiqikuri avadmyofobis gamo)

2. bralis gamomricxveli sxva garemoebebi: 36-e (Secdoma), 37-e

(brZanebis Sesruleba) da 38-e muxlebi (bralis

gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebebi).66

Seuracxaoba asakis gamo gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 33-e muxlSi. 14

wlamde bavSvs mcirewlovans uwodeben da mas mis mier Cadenili

umarTloba personalurad (bralad) ar Seeracxeba. ssk 33-e

muxlis mixedviT, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis

dasadgomad minimaluri asaki 14 welia. e.i. saqarTveloSi 14



66 germanul sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvaveben bralis

gamomricxvel (Seuracxaoba, anu braluunaroba da Tavidan aucilebadi Secdoma) da

sapatiebel garemoebebs. Seuracxaobisas da Tavidan aucilebadi Secdomisas brali

saerTod ar warmoiSoba. sapatiebeli garemoebebi ki (bralis gamomricxveli anu

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba) bralis moculobas imdenad amcireben, rom

qmedeba sasjelis Rirsi aRaraa. Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 92,

Rn. 33.

114

wlamde piri Seuracxadia asakis gamo da mas mis mier Cadenili

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba (umarTloba) bralad mxolod 14

wlis Sesrulebis Semdeg Seeracxeba. 14-dan 18 wlamde piri ki

arasrulwlovania da zogierTi danaSaulisaTvis man SesaZloa

pasuxi agos.

1960 wlis qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi sisxlis

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimalur asakad gamonaklisis

saxiT 14 wels aRiarebda, danaSaulTa umravlesobisaTvis

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba ki 16 wlidan dgeboda.

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos 1999 wlis sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsmac sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimalur

asakad 14 weli miiCnia. 2008 wlis 23 maisidan 2010 wlis 23

Tebervlamde sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki

zogierTi danaSaulisaTvis 12 welze iyo dayvanili, ramac

qarTveli swavluli iuristebis da saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mwvave kritika gamoiwvia. piris

sisxlissamarTlebrvi pasuxismgebloba 14 wlidan imitom iwyeba,

rom am dros igi gonebrivad da socialurad ukve sakmarisadaa

momwifebuli da mas nebelobiTi qcevis, sakuTari qmedebis

marTvis unari gaaCnia.

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asakis dawevas

12 wlamde Semdegi nakli hqonda:

1. 12 wlamde mozardis inteleqtuluri da nebelobiTi

SesaZleblobebi jer araa imdenad ganviTarebuli, rom man

115

sakuTari saqcielis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli Sinaarsis

gageba da misi marTva SeZlos.

2. amasTan, saqarTveloSi ar iyo saTanadod ganviTarebuli

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis (iuvenaluri

iusticiis) sistema.

amitom qarTvelma kanonmdebelma sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis asaki isev 14 wlamde gazarda.

Tu piris dabadebasTan dakavSirebiT saTanado dokumentebi

(dabadebis mowmoba, saxelmwifo organoebSi specialuri Canaweri)

ar arsebobs, an am dokumentebs gayalbebis niSnebi emCneva, piris

asakis dasadgenad eqspertiza iniSneba. eqspertizas mxolod

piris savaraudo asaks adgens. zusti dabadebis dRis dadgena

amgvari wesiT SeuZlebelia.

dabadebis dRed iTvleba eqspertis mier dadgenli dabadebis

wlis bolo dRe, anu 31 dekemberi. rodesac eqsperti mozardis

dabadebis savaraudo da ara dabadebis zust wels adgens,

sasamarTlom saqmis gadawyvetisas mozardis savaraudo asakis

minimumi unda miiRos mxedvelobaSi. e.i., Tu eqspertis daskvnis

mixedviT, mozardi 13-15 wlis SeiZleba iyos, mosamarTlem yvela

eWvi mis sasargeblod unda gadawyvitos da igi 13 wlisad

CaTvalos. mozardis asakis dasadgenad piris mier micemuli

Cvenebas mtkicebulebis Zala ara aqvs. piri Seracxadad

CaiTvleba ara Tavis dabadebis dReze, aramed meore dRes, radgan

116

ssk 33-e muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom pirs 14 weli danaSaulis

„Cadenamde“ unda Seusruldes da ara danaSaulis „Cadenisas“.67

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo Seuracxaobas (ix. 34-e muxli) ori

kriteriumi aqvs:

1. samedicino-biologiuri da

2. iuridiul-fsiqologiuri.

34-e muxlis mixedviT samedicino-biologiuri kriteriumi Semdeg

saxeebs moicavs:

1. qronikuli sulieri daavadeba

2. fsiqikis droebiTi aSliloba

3. Wkuasustoba

4. sxva fsiqikuri daavadeba.

piris fsiqikuri daavadebis (anu Seuracxaobis samedicino-

biologiuri kriteriumis) dasadgenad aucilebelia eqspertizis

daniSvna.

Seuracxaobis samedicino-biologiur kriteriumTan erTad

eqspertma unda daadginos iuridiul-fsiqologiur kriteriumic

anu is, pirs fsiqikis moSlis gamo warTmeuli hqonda Tu ara

67GgamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema,

Tbilisi 2008, gv. 244.

117

cnobiereba (inteleqtualuri sfero), anda sxvagvarad qcevis

unari (nebeloba).

fsiqikis sfero Tavis mxriv or nawils moicavs:

1. cnobierebas (inteleqtualuri sfero) da

2. nebelobas (sxvagvarad qcevis SesaZleblobis unari).

piri Seuracxadad iqneba cnobili, Tu mas 34-e muxlSi mocemuli

fsiqikuri kriteriumis gamo darRveuli aqvs an cnobiereba, anda

nebeloba.

piris inteleqtualuri sferos moSla 34-e muxlis mixedviT

gamoixateba imaSi, rom mas ar SeuZlia gaacnobieros „Tavisi

qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTi an marTlwinaaRmdegoba“. pirs

sulieri avadmyofobis gamo inteleqtualuri sfero moSlili

aqvs maSin, rodesac igi Tavisi qmedebis faqtobriv xasiaTs ver

Seicnobs.

magaliTi: piri Tavisi qmedebis faqtobriv xasiaTs ver Seicnobs, Tu igi

sacxovrebel saxls cecxls waukidebs da hgonia, rom amiTi saxlSi myofebi

gaTbebian.

sulieri avadmyofobis gamo piri SeiZleba Secdes ara mxolod

Tavisi qmedebis faqtobriv xasiaTSi, aramed agreTve qmedebis

samarTlebriv SefasebaSic.

magaliTi: pirs xmebi Caagoneben, rom samyaros gadasarCenad konkretuli

piris msxverplad Sewirvaa saWiro da igi am „davalebas pirnaTlad“

asrulebs. mas hgonia, rom man am mkvlelobiT marTlwesrigi ki ar xelyo,

118

aramed kaciobrioba daRupvas gadaarCina. pirs qmedebis inteleqtualuri

Sefasebis unari ar aqvs. igi Seuracxadia ssk 34-e muxliT.

rodesac dadgindeba, rom sulieri avadmyofobis gamo piris

inteleqtualuri sfero moSlilia, misi nebelobis gadamowmeba

aRaraa saWiro. zogjer sulieri avadmyofoba gamoixateba ara

piris inteleqtualuri sferos (qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTis da

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Secnobis unari) moSlaSi, aramed mxolod

nebelobiTi qcevis SeuZleblobaSi. amgvar avadmyofur gadaxrebs

miekuTvneba piromania da kleptomania. piromania avadmyofur

midrekilebaa cexlis wakidebisaken,Kkleptomania ki –

qurdobisaken. amgvarad daavadebul pirs sxvagvarad qcevis unari,

Tavisi qmedebis marTvis SesaZlebloba ara aqvs. miuxedavad imisa,

rom kleptomani nebis Tavisuflebas moklebulia da amitomac

kleptomania daavadebadaa aRiarebuli, sisxlis samarTlis

praqtika kleptomanis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxisgebisagan

gaTavisuflebas bralis ararsebobis gamo ar eTanxmeba. aseve

isjeba piromanic.

umarTlobis Camdeni Seuracxadad cnobili piris mimarT

dainiSneba ara sasjeli, aramed samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZiebebi. qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi 2007 wlis 3

ivlisis kanonis miRebamde sanqciaTa orkvalian sistemas

iTvaliswinebda. umarTlobis Camdeni fsiqikurad daavadebuli

Seuracxadis mimarT iniSneboda samedicino xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZieba, danaSaulis Camdeni Seracxadi piris mimarT ki –

sasjeli. 2007 wlis 3 ivlisis kanonis miRebis Semdeg sanqciis

orkvaliani sistema gauqmda. umarTlobis Camdeni fsiqikurad

119

daavadebuli Seuracxadis mimarT iseve iniSneba samedicino

xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi. (sssk 191-e muxli,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta saqmis arsebiTi

ganxilvis dros. Seuracxaobis sakiTxis ganxilva).

SezRuduli Seracxadoba 35-e muxlis mixedviT iseT

mdgomareobas niSnavs, rodesac pirs danaSaulis Cadenisas

fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo Tavisi qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTis

an marTlwinaaRmdegobis gacnobiereba da misi marTva mxolod

nawilobriv SeuZlia.

1. srulad gaacnobieros Tavisi qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTi

an marTlwinaaRmdegoba da

2. uxelmZRvanelos mas.

SezRuduli Seracxadobis winapirobebi ssk 35-e muxlis 1-li

nawilis mixedviT Semdegia:

1. fsiqikuri daavadeba

2. fsiqikuri daavadebis gamo qmedebis faqtobrivi xasiaTis an

marTlwinaaRmdegobis sruli Secnobis SeuZlebloba

3. qmedebis marTvis unaris Sesusteba.

35-e muxli SezRuduli Seracxadobis erT-erTi winapirobis –

fsiqikuri daavadebis saxeebs ar CamoTvlis. igulisxmeba, rom

fsiqikuri daavadebis Sinaarsi 35-e muxlSi igivea, rac 34-e

120

muxlSi, anu: qronikuli fsiqikuri avadmyofoba, fsiqikis

droebiTi aSliloba, Wkuasustoba dasxva fsiqikuri daavadeba.

sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, imyofeboda Tu ara piri qmedebis Cadenisas

SezRuduli Seracxadobis mdgomareobaSi, wyvets sasamarTlo

eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze. srulwlovanis SezRuduli

Seracxadoba sasjelis daniSvnas ar gamoricxavs, magram igi

sasjelis daniSvnis dros gaiTvaliswineba, rogorc bralis da

Sesabamisad, sasjelis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba.

SezRuduli Seracxadoba ara mxolod 35-e muxlSia mocemuli,

aramed agreTve sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis

konkretul muxlebSic. mag., 111-e muxli (ganzraxi mkvleloba

uecari sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi), 112-e muxli (dedis

mier axalSobilis ganzrax mkvleloba mSobiarobisas an umalve

mSobiarobis Semdeg) da sxv.

SezRuduli Seracxadobisas pirs sasamarTlo umarTlobas

bralad SezRudulad Seracxavs, e.i. mas naklebad kicxavs. sruli

Seracxvisas ki piri srulad gaikicxeba. Tu SezRuduli

Seracxadoba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilis

dispoziciaSia gaTvaliswinebuli, (mag. 112-e muxli, dedis mier

axalSobilis ganzrax mkvleloba mSobiarobisas an umalve

mSobiarobis Semdeg) da mas Sesabamisad kanonmdebeli mcire

sasjels ukavSirebs, 35-e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli SezRuduli

Seracxadoba (qalis mdgomareoba mSobiarobisas) xelmeored

121

aRar iqneba miRebuli mxedvelobaSi, rogorc sasjelis

Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba.68

SeiZleba arasrulwlovani 35-e muxlis 1-l nawilSi

gaTvaliswinebuli SezRuduli Seracxadobisas danaSaulis

CadenisaTvis 35-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan saerTod

gaTavisufldes.GgamyreliZe kanonmdeblis am gadawyvetilebas

Semdegnairad xsnis: Tavad arasrulwlovneba, yovelgvari

fsiqikuri gadaxris gareSe, SezRuduli Seracxadobis sferoa.

roca SezRuduli Seracxadobis ori sfero – arasrulwlovneba

da 35-e muxlis 1-l nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli fsiqikuri

daavadeba erTmaneTs emTxveva, pasuxismgeblobis SesaZlo (da ara

savaldebulo) gamomricxvel garemoebas viRebT.69

68 imisaTvis, rom qali mSobiarobisas an umalve mSobiarobis Semdeg axalSobilis

mkvlelobisaTvis msubuqad daisajos, igi mSobiarobiT ganpirobebuli SezRuduli

Seracxadobisas unda moqmedebdes. Tu qalma axalSobili winaswar dagegmili scenariT

mokla, SesaZlebelia misi qmedeba damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cadenil mkvlelobadac (ssk

109-e muxlis Sesabamisi nawiliT) ki dakvalificirdes. am mosazrebas aviTarebs

Tanamedrove germanuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtika. germaniis ssk 1998 wlis Semdeg

dedis mier axalSobilis mkvlelobas, rogorc privilegiur Semadgenlobas aRar

iTvaliswinebs. saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare, germaniaSi Teoriulad SesaZlebelia

mSobiarobisas an umalve mSobiarobis Semdeg bavSvis mkvlelobisaTvis mSobiares uvado

patimrobac ki miesajos. 2014 wels qalis mimarT, romelsac rva axalSobilis

mkvleloba edeboda bralad, prokurori uvado patimrobas iTxovda. sasamarTlom

mxolod oTxi axalSobilis mkvleloba CaTvala dadasturebulad, radgan danarCeni

oTxi axalSobilis sicocxlisunarianoba ver dadasturda da qali 14 wliT

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT dasaja. https://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/urteil-14-jahre-haft-fuer-mutter-

toter-babys-aus-wallenfels_id_5746033.html


2008, gv. 253.

122

Seuracxaobis da SezRuduli Seracxadobis problemis

ganxilvisas yuradReba unda mieqces agreTve fiziologiur da

paTologiur afeqts. fiziologiuri afeqti uecrad

warmoSobili da swrafwarmavali Zlieri sulieri aRelvebaa,

romelic Tavis tvinis makontrolirebeli funqciis Sesustebas

iwvevs. paTologiuri afeqti ki amgvar kontrols saerTod

gamoricxavs. fiziologiuri afeqti SezRuduli Seracxadobis

sferos miekuTvneba, anu pirs sasamarTlo umarTlobas bralad

SezRudulad Seracxavs, e.i. mas naklebad kicxavs. paTologiuri

ki brals saerTod gamoricxavs da piri Cadenili

umarTlobisaTvis ar daisjeba.

3 brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesruleba

brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesrulebis sqema (ssk 37-e muxli)


II. marTlwinaaaRmdegoba

III. bralis gamoricxva ssk 37-e muxliT

1. brZaneba an gankarguleba gacemulia ufrosis mier

2. brZaneba an gankarguleba gacemulia saTanado formis

dacviT

3. brZaneba an gankarguleba savaldebuloa

4. brZaneba an gankarguleba araa aSkara danaSaulebrivi

123

5. pirma ar icis mocemuli qmedebis danaSaulebriobis

Sesaxeb

ssk 37-e muxlis es muxliM“moraluri brZanebas“ da kriminaluri

avtoritetis mier gacemul brZanebas ar iTvaliswinebs70 ssk 37-e

muxlis 1- li nawilis Tanaxmad, rodesac brZanebis amsruleblis

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba,

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dazianebisaTvis pasuxs brZanebis gamcemi

agebs.

brZanebis gamcemi ssk 37-e muxlSi SeiZleba moqmedebdes rogorc

ganzax, aseve gaufrTxileblad.

ssk 37-e muxlis 1-li nawili ufrosis ganzrax moqmedebisas

SualobiTi amsruleblobis dogmatikuri konstruqciaa. brZanebis

gamcemi am dros SualobiTi amsrulebelia, brZanebis

Semsrulebeli – «cocxali iaraRi». Tu SualobiTi

amsrulebloba dafuZnebulia ufrosis mier xelqveiTis ganzrax

SecdomaSi Seyvanaze, ufrosi am dros qmedebaze codnis

saSualebiT batonobs.

Tu ufrosi Tavad gaufrTxileblad iqceva, SualobiTi

amsrulebloba gamoricxulia, radgan gaufrTxilebeli

SualobiTi amsrulebloba ar arsebobs.

ssk 37-e muxlis me-2 nawili winaswari SecnobiT danaSaulebrivi

brZanebis an gankargulebis SesrulebisaTvis piris

70 ix. Todua, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi


124

sisxlisamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas iTvaliswinebs. brZanebis

an gankarulebis Semsrulebeli ssk 37-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT

mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaTavisufldes sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobisagan, rodesac bralis gamomricxveli romelime

sxva garemoeba arsebobs. rogorc wesi, esaa bralis

gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoebis, bralis gamomricxveli

ukiduresi aucileblobis (konkretulad ki - tragikuli

koliziis) SemTxvevebi.

4 ganzraxva

qmedebis ganzrax Cadenisas pirs ssk me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad,

qmedebis obieqturi mxaris yvela niSani unda hqondes Secnobili,

surdes an gulgrilad ekidebodes Sedegis dadgomas da aseve

gacnobierebuli unda hqondes Tavisi qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegoba. Sesabamisad, ganzraxva sam niSans moicavs:

qmedebis obieqturi mxaris codnas (ganzraxvis inteleqtualuri

elementi), Sedegis dadgomis survils an misdami gulgril

damokidebulebas (ganzraxvis nebelobis, anu voluntatiuri

elementi) da marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas. gamomdinare iqidan,

rom ssk me-9 muxli marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas ganzraxvis

mesame niSnad moazrebs, ganzraxva qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

danaSaulis Cadenis, anu „boroti ganzraxvaa“, laTinurad - dolus

malus. Sesabamisad, Tu sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis mkacr

logikac gaviTvaliswinebT, ganzraxva Tavisi samive niSniT erTad,

bralSi unda iqnas ganxiluli. ganzraxvis amgvari erTiani

gaazrebis gverdiT qarTul sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi

125

arsebobs aseve ganzraxvis Sesaxeb meore Sexedulebac, romlis

mixedviTac ganzraxva, rogorc faqtobriv garemoebaTa aRqma da

(Sedegis dadgomis) nebeloba qmedebis subieqtur mxareSi

ganixileba, misi mesame nawili, marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba

(borotia Tu keTili ganzraxva) ki – bralSi fasdeba.71

ganzraxvis gaazrebis meore SesaZleblobaa misi aRqma

faqtobrivi garemoebebis codnad da survilad, Cadenili qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Secnobisagan damoukideblad.72 amgvari

ganzraxva araa „boroti ganzraxva“, anu dolus malus, Sesabamisad,

misi ganTavseba danaSaulis agebulebaSi dasaSvebia rogorc

qmedebis subieqturi Semadgenlobis, aseve bralis etapze.

ganzraxva amgvarad ganimarteba germanul sisxlis samarTalSi.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi ssk me-9 muxlis mixedviT

ganzraxvis sami saxe arsebobs:

1. pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva

2. meore xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva

3. eventualuri ganzraxva.

71 ganzraxvis or nawilad gayofa da misi analizi erTi mxriv, qmedebis subieqturi mxaris

(faqtobrivi ganzraxva) da meore mxriv, bralis etapze (marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba)

ix. gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema,

Tbilisi 2008, gv. 99; turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 266.

72Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 49, Rn. 67.

126

ssk me-9 muxlis me-2 nawilis pirveli alternativiT pirveli

xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva moicavs:

1. qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da marTlsawinaaRmdego

Sedegis dadgomis SesaZleblobis codnas

2. marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis survilsa da

3. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas.

pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxvaSi qmedebis

ganxorcielebisas Sedegis dadgomis mizanmimarTuli survili

dominirebs, am Sedegis dadgomis kognitiuri elementi (codna) ki

metad sustia.

magaliTi: petrem mters mosaklavad uSedegod esrola. petre metad cudi

msroleli iyo da icoda, rom igi msxverpls savaraudod, ver moklavda.

petre mainc mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis unda daisajos, damoukideblad

imisa, rom man albaTobis maRali xarisxiT icoda Tavisi mcdelobis

uSedegobis Sesaxeb.

me-9 muxlis me-2 nawilis meore alternativiT, meore xarisxis

pirdapiri ganzraxvis dros pirs marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis

dadgomis mizanmimarTuli survili ar aqvs, magram man icis, rom

Sedegi garduvalad dadgeba.

magaliTi: petrem siderdis mosaklavad samgzavro TviTmfrinavSi bombi

daamontaJa. TviTmfrinavi afeTqda da yvela Sig mjdomi daiRupa. petre

amtkicebs, rom mas mxolod sidedris mokvla surda, amitomac ganzraxi

mkvleloba man mxolod sidedris mimarT ganaxorciela, rac araa swori.

petres sidedris mimarT pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva amoZravebda,

TviTmfrinavis danarCeni mgzavrebisa da ekipaJis mimarT ki - meore xarisxis

127

pirdapiri ganzraxva, radgan man kargad icoda, rom TviTmfrinavis

afeTqebisas yvela daiRupeboda. misi qmedeba damamZimebel garemoebaSi

Cadenil mkvlelobad uinda dakvalificirdes (ssk 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis

a) da b) punqtebi).

eventualuri ganzraxvisas pirs Sedegis dadgoma

mizanmimarTulad ar surs, magram igi Sedegs an Segnebulad

uSvebs, an mis dadgomas gulgrilad ekideba.

klasikuri „moxetiale“ magaliTi: petrem sadazRvevo Tanxis miRebis mizniT

Tavis gaqiravebul saxls cecxli waukida. misTvis sul erTi iyo, mdgmurebi

saxlSi iqnebodnen da daiwvebodnen Tu uqmeebze qalaqidan iqnebodnen

gasuli. igi pirdapiri ganzraxviT moqmedebda saxlis dawvis mimarT da

eventualuri ganzraxviT – mdgmurebis sikvdilis mimarT.73

rogorc eventualuri ganzraxvis, aseve gaufrTxilebeli

TviTimedovnebisas pirs Sedegis dadgoma ar surs, magram

eventualuri ganzraxvisas pirisTvis sul erTia, Sedegi dadgeba

Tu ara. eventualuri ganzraxvis devizia: „me vimoqmedeb da

moxdes, rac mosaxdenia.“ TviTimedovnebisas ki piri usafuZvlod

fiqrobs, rom araferi moxdeba, marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi ar

dadgeba. (dawvrilebiT ix. gaufrTxileblobaSi).

sisxlis samarTalSi aRiarebuli principis, simultanobis

principis Tanaxmad, ganzraxva Tavisi samive niSniT qmedebis

obieqturi mxaris ganxorcielebisas unda arsebobdes da ara

73 sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu risTvis daisjeba petre adamianis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli

danaSaulis kuTxiT, ssk 127-e muxliT (sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba)

Tu eventualuri ganzraxviT mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis (me-19 muxlis 1-li nawili,

108- e muxli), ganxilul iqneba mcdelobis nawilSi, eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis

SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb monakveTSi.

128

qmedebamde an qmedebis Semdeg. sisxlissamarTlebrivad araviTari

mniSvneloba ar aqvs gadafiqrebul (winmswreb) ganzraxvasa dolus

antecedens da gaufrTxileblad damdgari Sedegis mowonebas dolus

subsequens.

winmswrebi (gadafiqrebuli) ganzraxva qmedebis Cadenas uZRvis

win da qmedebis Cadenisas ukve gadafiqrebulia, aRaraa

aqtualuri.

magaliTi: petrem mezoblis mokvlis mizniT Tofis wmenda daiwyo. Tofis

wmendisas man mkvleloba gadaifiqra. wmendisas SemTxveviT Tofi gavarda da

swored is mezobeli mokla, romlis mokvla petres cota xnis ukan ki

undoda, magram ukve gadafiqrebuli hqonda. petres ganzraxva gadafiqrebuli,

gardasuli ganzraxva (dolus antecedens) iyo, romelic ganzraxi qmedebisaTvis

pasuxismgeblobas ar iwvevs. pirma amgvar SemTxvevaSi sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis (ssk 116-e muxli) unda agos pasuxi.

aseve sisxlissamarTlebriv mniSvnelobas moklebulia

gaufrTxileblad damdgari Sedegis mowoneba, romelsac

„Semdgomi ganzraxvas“ anu dolus subsequens uwodeben.

magaliTi: petres avaria mouvida da SemTxveviT adamiani mokla.

avtomanqanidan gadmosulma petrem gardacvlilSi Tavisi mteri seicno,

romlis mokvlis survili mas karga xania, hqonda da metad gaixara.

damdgari Sedegis mowoneba ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas

ver daafuZnebs. sikvdiliT gamowveuli aRfrTovanebisagan damoukideblad,

petrem mxolod sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis (ssk 276-e

muxlis me-5 nawili) unda agos pasuxi.

winmswrebi da Semdgomi ganzraxva, rogorc zemoT ukve iyo

naTqvami, sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ver

daafuZneben.

129

ganzraxvis arsebobisaTvis qmedebis Semadgenlobis

ganxorcielebaSi sruli darwmuneba araa saWiro da sruliad

sakmarisia qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis

SesaZleblobis Secnoba. roca kaci mavans mkvlelobis mizniT

Tofs esvris, mas surs am adamianis mokvla, icis, rom tyviiT

adamiani SeiZleba mokvdes da mas aqvs Tavisi qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba. igi ganzrax moqmedebs, Tumca araa

absoluturad darwmunebuli marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis

dadgomaSi.

Sedegis mimarT codnis intensivobis mixedviT ganzraxvis Semdeg

saxeebs vicnobT:

1. gansazRvruli ganzraxva da

2. ganusazRvreli ganzraxva

gansazRvruli ganzraxvis dros pirs Tavisi qmedebis Sedegi (mag.,

kacis mokvla) dakonkretebuli, dazustebuli aqvs. gansazRvruli

ganzraxva piris ganzraxvis Sinaarsis mixedviT kvalificirdeba.

ganusazRvreli ganzraxvis dros pirs Tavisi qmedebis Sedegi

dakonkretebuli ara aqvs. misTvis yvela Sedegia misaRebi (igi

scems kacs da misTvis misaRebia janmrTelobis dazianebis

nebismieri xarisxi). ganusazRvreli ganzraxva damdgari Sedegis

mixedviT kvalificirdeba.

alternatiuli ganzraxvisas pirs ramdenime SesaZlo Sedegi aqvs

dakonkretebuli. piris alternatiuli ganzraxva SesaZlebelia

130

mimarTuli iyos sxvadasxva samarTlebriv sikeTeTa erTi

matareblis winaaRmdeg, anda ori an meti erT ierarqiul

safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis winaaRmdeg,

an ori an meti sxvadasxva ierarqiul safexurze myofi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis winaaRmdeg.

magaliTi 1: piri esvris mdevars mokvlis an misi janmrTelobis dazianebis

mizniT. misTvis sul erTia, es kaci mokvdeba, Tu mas mxolod janmrTeloba

dauziandeba. am magaliTiSi piris ganzraxva mimarTulia sxvadasxva

samaTlebriv sikeTeTa (sicocxle, janmrTeloba) erTi matareblis

winaaRmdeg. alternatiuli ganzraxvis es magaliTi damdgari Sedegis


magaliTi 2: pirs, romelsac sami mdevari misdevs, erTi tyvia aqvs. igi

mdevrebis CamosaSoreblad maTi mimarTulebiT isvris. misTvis sul erTia,

romeli mdevari mokvdeba. piris ganzraxva am dros mimarTulia ori an meti

erT ierarqiul safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis

winaaRmdeg. iseve, rogorc alternatiuli ganzraxvis zemoTmoyvanili

magaliTi, alternatiuli ganzraxvis es magaliTic damdgari Sedegis


magaliTi 3: piri erTxel esvris cxenian kacs da icis, rom igi an kacs

moklavs, an cxens. pirs am magaliTiSi mxolod erTi samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofa SeuZlia da misTvis sul erTia, Tu romel samarTlebriv sikeTes

xelyofs igi. misi ganzraxva mimarTulia ori an meti sxvadasxva ierarqiul

safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis winaaRmdeg.

alternatiuli ganzraxvis pirveli da meore dasaxelebuli

magaliTi, rogorc ukve iTqva, damdgari Sedegis mixedviT

kvalificirdeba. problematuria mxolod im magaliTiTa

kvalifikacia, rodesac alternatiuli ganzraxva sxvadasxva

ierarqiul safexurze myof sikeTeTa winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli.

131

alternatiuli ganzraxvis amgvari SemTxvevis kvalifikaciis

ramdenime sxvadasxva SesaZlebloba arsebobs:

1. kvalifikacia saqmis garemoebaTa sruli gasigrZeganebiT. am

magaliTiSi kvalifikaciaSi aisaxeba ara mxolod maRal

ierarqiul safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofa, aramed agreTve safrTxis Seqmna dabal ierarqiul

safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis da qmedebis

orive varianti danaSaulis erTobliobad Sefasdeba. anu, Tu

mokvda kaci da gadarCa cxeni, qmedeba mkvlelobad (ssk 108-e

muxli) da sxvisi nivTis dazianebis mcdelobad (ssk me-19

muxlis 1-li nawili da 187-e muxlis 1-li nawili)

dakvalificirdeba. qmedebis danaSaulis erTobliobad

Sefaseba saqmis garemoebaTa sruli gasigrZeganebiT da

dabal ierarqiul safexureze mdgomi samarTlebrivi

sikeTisaTvis safrTxis Seqmnis kvalifikaciaSi asaxva,

marTalia, qmedebis uRirsobas srulyofilad gviCvenebs,

magram am midgomiT alternatiuli ganzraxviT moqmedi

piris qmedeba iseve kvalificirdeba, rogorc im pirisa,

romelic orive samarTlebrivi sikeTis mospobis pirveli

xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxviT moqmedebs, ori

samarTlebrivi sikeTidan erTis xelyofis alternatiuli

ganzraxva ki ufro naklebad gasakicxia, vidre orive

samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofisa.

2. kvalifikacia mxolod konkretulad damdgari Sedegis

mixedviT, alternatiuli ganzraxviT moculi uvneblad

132

darCenili samarTlebrivi sikeTis kvalifikaciaSi asaxvis

gareSe. Tu zemoTmoyvanil magaliTiSi mokvda mxedari,

qmedeba mkvlelobad dakvalificirdeba (ssk 108-e muxli) da

Tu mokvda cxeni, sxvisi nivTis dazianebad (187-e muxlis 1-

li nawili). amgvari kvalifikiaca araa mxardaWeris Rirsi,

radgan qmedebis kvalifikaciasa da Semdgom sanqciaze

zegavlenas SemTxveviToba axdens. Tu SemTxveviT cxeni

mokvda da kaci gadarCa, maRal ierarqiul safexurze mdgari

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis Seqmnili safrTxe Seufasebeli

rCeba.

3. kvalifikacia samarTlebrivi sikeTis Rirebulebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. aRniSnuli kvalifikaciisas Sefasdeba

qmedeba, mimarTuli maRali samarTlebrivi sikeTis

winaaRmdeg, damoukideblad imisa, maRal ierarqiul

safexurze myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTe xelyofil iqna Tu

mas martoden safrTxe Seeqmna. dabal ierarqiul safexurze

myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTis winaaRmdeg momarTuli qmedeba

kvalifikaciaSi mxolod xelyofis magaliTiSi aisaxeba.

zemoTmoyvanili mesame SemTxvevisas Tu kaci mokvda, qmedeba

mxolod mkvlelobad (ssk 108-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba da

sxvisi nivTis dazianebis mcdeloba (ssk me-19 muxlis 1-li

nawili da 187-e muxlis 1-li nawili) kvalifikaciaSi asaxvas

ar hpovebs. da piriqiT, Tu mokvda cxeni da gadarCa kaci,

qmedeba danaSaulis erTobliobad Sefasdeba, rogorc

mkvlelobis mcdeloba (ssk ssk me-19 muxlis 1-li nawili da

108-e muxli) da sxvisi nivTis dazianeba (ssk 187-e muxlis 1-

133

li nawili). amasTan, mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis (ufro

mkacri) sasjeli STanTqavs naklebad mkacr sasjels sxvisi

mivTis dazianebisaTvis. Tu orive gadarCa, radgan tyvia arc

cxens moxvda da arc kacs, qmedeba martoden mkvlelobis

mcdelobad unda dakvalificirdes (ssk ssk me-19 muxlis 1-

li nawili da 108-e muxli).

mxardaWeras imsaxurebs es ukanaskneli kvalifikacia

samarTlebrivi sikeTis Rirebulebis upiratesi dacvis principis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

kumulaciuri ganzraxvis dros piris (pirveli an meore xarisxis)

ganzraxva erTdroulad ori an meti samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofisakenaa mimarTuli.

magaliTi: pirma avtomanqanaze avtomanqanis patronis asafeTqeblad bombi

daamontaJa. avtomanqanis patronis mimarT mas pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri

ganzraxva amoZravebs da manqanis mimarT ki meore xarisxis pirdapiri

ganzraxva, anu saxezea piris mier avtomanqanis mimarT Sedegis

garduvalobis gacnobiereba, radgan man icis, rom avtomanqana aucileblad

afeTqdeba.

kumulaciuri ganzraxvisas, Tu orive samarTlebrivi sikeTe iqna

xelyofili, rogorc ganzraxuli iyo, gaTvaliswinebul unda

iqnas saqmis sruli garemoeba da qmedeba damamZimebel

garemoebaSi Cadenil mkvlelobad (109-e muxlis 1-li nawilis g)

punqtiT) da avtomanqanis ganadgurebad (ssk 187-e muxli) unda

dakvalificirdes. Tu maRal ierarqiul safexurze myofi

samarTlebrivi sikeTe gadarCa, dabal ierarqiul safexurze

myofi ki ganadgurda, qmedeba maRal ierarqiul safexurze myofi

134

samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofis mcdelobad, anu mkvlelobis

mcdelobad (ssk me-19 da 109-e muxlis 1-li nawilis g) punqti) da

avtomanqanis ganadgurebad (ssk 187-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba.

5 faqtobrivi Secdoma

Secdoma piris araswori warmodgenaa qmedebis Semadgenlobis

faqtobriv an iuridiul niSnebze, anu sxvagvarad rom vqvaT, esaa

SemTxveva, rodesac piris codna realobas ar emTxveva. sisxlis

samarTalSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben faqtobriv da

iuridiuli Secdomas. iuridiul Secdomas sxvagvarad

akrZalvaSi Secdomasac (ssk 36-e muxli) uwodeben.

faqtobrivi Secdoma araswori warmodgenaa qmedebis faqtobrivi

garemoebebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb. amsrulebelma ar

icis, ras akeTebs, anu gamorcxulia ganzraxvis erTi niSani –

codna. miuxedavad imisa, rom codna ganzraxvis erT-erTi niSania,

codnis ararseboba qmedebis ganzraxviT kvalifikacias

yovelTvis ar gamoricxavs (mag., ix,. qvemoT, faqtobrivi Secdoma

piris sazianod).

pirma Secdoma SeiZleba dauSvas danaSaulis agebulebis

nebismier safexurze, rogorc qmedebis Semadgenlobis faqtobriv

mxareze, aseve marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis

faqtobrivi winapirobebis arsebobasa (moCvenebiTi mogerieba) da

bralis gamomricxvel garemoebebTan (mag., brZanebis an

gankargulebis Sesruleba, ssk 37-e muxli) dakavSirebiT.74 aseve

74Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 98, Rn. 3.

135

mniSvnelovania dadgena imisa, Tu raSi uSvebs piri Secdomas,

qmedebis faqtobriv garemoebebSi (mag., Tavdasxmis realurobaSi)

Tu am faqtobriv garemoebaTa samarTlebriv SefasebaSi

(sakuTari xelmyofi qmedebis faqtobriv garemoebaTa sruli

aRqmiT am qmedebis marTlzomierad CaTvla marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli ararsebuli garemoebis safuZvelze). es

diferenciacia saWiroa Secdomis faqtobriv da iuridiul

Secdomad, aseve moCvenebiT mogeriebad da dasaSvebobaSi

Secdomad dasakvalificireblad.

faqtobrivi Secdoma ori saxisaa:

1. Secdoma piris sazianod

2. Secdoma piris sasargeblod.

piris sazianod faqtobrivi Secdomisas piri misTvis

araxelsayreli faqtobrivi pirobebis arsebobas warmoidgens, anu

mas hgonia, rom igi qmedebis Semadgenlobas axorcielebs,

sinamdvileSi ki es ase araa.

magaliTi: piri kacis mosaklavad msxverplis sawolisaken isvris.

sinamdvileSi igi azianebs qurqs, romelic potenciur msxverpls sawolze

miugdia da Tavad saxlidan gasula.

piris sazianod faqtobrivi Secdomis dros qmedeba relatiurad

uvargis dasjad mcdelobad kvalificirdeba (ssk me-19 muxlis 1-

li nawili da 108-e muxlebi).

136

piri Tavis sasargeblod faqtobriv Secdomas maSin uSvebs,

rodesac igi qmedebis ganxorcielebisas misTvis xelsayreli

faqtobrivi garemoebebis arsebobas warmoidgens.

magaliTi 1: monadire SuaRamisas buCqebidan xmaurs gaigebs, daTvi egoneba

da mis mosaklavad buCqebis mimarTulebiT isvris. sinamdvileSi igi daTvs

ki ar moklavs, aramed buCqebSi CaZinebul da mxvrinav sxva monadires.

magaliTi 2: piri restornis garderobSi paltos aiRebs da saxlSi wava. mas

hgonia, rom es palto misia, sinamdvileSi palto sxvas ekuTvnis.

piris sasargeblod faqtobrivi Secdomis dros qmedeba rogorc

wesi, gaufrTxileblobad kvalificirdeba, Tu dadasturdeba, rom

pirma windaxedulobis norma daarRvia. Tu pirs windaxedulobis

norma ar daurRvevia, misi es Secdoma sapatiebeli iqneba da

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobac gamoiricxeba.

zemoTmoyvanil pirvel magaliTSi monadire daisjeba sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis, radgan man monadireTaTvis

arsebuli wesebi daarRvia – dauSvebelia buCqebSi xmauris

wyarosaTvis srola, xmauris wyaros vizualuri aRqmis gareSe.

zemoTmoyvanil meore magaliTSi ki pirs qudoba ar Caudenia,

radgan mas palto Tavisi egona, anu mas ar hqonda qurdobis

qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis (sxvisi moZravi nivTis

faruli daufleba) ganxorcielebis codna da survili (da

Sesabamisad arc sxvisi moZravi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego

dauflebis mizani). Secdoma qmedebis obieqturi mxaris

normatiul niSanSi (sxvisi nivTi) gaufrTxileblobisaTvis

pasuxismgeblobasTan ar migviyvans, radgan gaufrTxilebeli

qurdoba dogmatikurad ar arsebobs.

137

6 faqtobrivi Secdomis specialuri SemTxvevebi

faqtobrivi Secdomis erT-erTi saxea error in persona vel objecto,

piris Secdoma pirovnebaSi, dazaralebulis identifikaciaSi. am

dros qmedebis aqtiors potenciuri msxverpli sxva adamianSi

eSleba, qmedebas am konkretuli piris winaaRmdeg mimarTavs da

klavs mas, magram ara im pirs, romlis mokvlac mas hqonda

gadawyvetili.

magaliTi: petres yofil sidedris petres mokvla surda. igi petres binaSi

Seipara da taxtze miwolil pirs, romelic mas petre hgonia, TavSi aguri

Caartya. amgvarad man petres Zma mokla, romelic petresTan iyo mosuli

stumrad.

sisxlis samarTalSi gabatonebuli TanabarRirebulebianobis

Teoriis mixedviT, error in persona vel objecto damTavrebul

mkvlelobad (ssk 108-e muxli) kvalificirdeba, radgan

xelyofili da gamiznuli obieqti Tanabari Rirebulebisaa

(adamianis sicocxle), radgan pirs adamianis mokvla undoda da

adamiani mokla kidec.

error in objecto Secdomaa qmedebis obieqtSi. error in objecto

kvalifikaciaze mxolod maSin axdens zegavlenas, rodesac

xelyofili da xelsayofad gamiznuli obieqti sxvadasxva

ierarqiul safexurze dgas, anu Tanabari Rirebulebis araa.

magaliTi: petre vitrinaSi mdgari manekenis dazianebis mizniT vitrinas qvas

esvris da hgonia, rom igi manekens azianebs. sinamdvileSi es manekeni ki ar

yofila, aramed maRaziis gamyidveli, romelic vitrinis dalagebas apirebda.

maRaziis gamyidvels janmrTeloba naklebad dauziandeba. petres Secdomas

uSvebda qmedebis obieqtSi, man ar icoda, rom igi qvas maRaziis gamyidvels

138

esroda da arc misi janmrTelobis dazianeba surda. vitrinaSi qvis

sroliT petre windaxedulobis normas arRvevs da misi qmedeba ssk 124-e

muxliT unda dakvalificirdes (janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianeba

gaufrTxileblobiT).

Secdomis gansakuTrebul magaliTis warmoadgens aseve aberratio

ictus, anu acdenili isari. aberratio ictus gauTvaliswinebeli

obieqtis xelyofaa personalurad identificirebuli pirisaTvis

miznis acdenis gamo. piri am dros mis winaSe myof adamianebSi

sworad Seicnobs msxverpls, magram mizans aacdens da xelyofs

sruliad sxva pirs, romlis mokvlis survili mas ar hqonda.

amgvar SemTxvevebSi TanabarRirebulebianobis Teoria ar

gamoiyeneba. aberratio ictus dakvalificirdeba rogorc im piris

mkvlelobis mcdeloba, romlis mokvlis survilic hqonda

msrolels (me-19, 108-e muxlebi) da im piris sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebeli mospoba, romelic sinamdvileSi mokvda (116-e

muxli).

aberratio ictus, anu «acdenili isari» izezobriobaSi Secdomad ar

iTvleba. am Secdomas Tu mizezobriobaSi Secdomad CavTvlidiT,

unda gvemsjela imaze, Tu ra saxis iyo es Secdoma –

mniSvnelovani Tu umniSvnelo. mizezobriobaSi Secdoma

mniSvnelovania maSin, rodesac cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan

gamomdinare, amgvari Sedegis dadgoma atipuria, anu rodesac

amgvar qmedebas amgari Sedegi ar mosdevs. mizezobriobaSi

Secdoma maSinaa umniSvnelo, rodesac amgvari Sedegis dadgoma

cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas ar scildeba. mizezobriobaSi

mniSvnelovan Secdomas mcdeloba-gaufrTxileblobis

139

kombinaciamde mivyavarT, mizezobriobaSi umniSvnelo Secdoma ki

kvalifikaciaze zegavlenas ar axdens.

„acdenili isari“ mizezobriobaSi Secdoma rom iyos, umniSvnelo

Secdoma iqneboda, radgan, cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan

gamomdinare, albaToba imisa, rom pirma damiznebul msxverpls

SeiZleba tyvia aacdinos, didia. Sesabamisad, „acdenili isari“

damTavrebul mkvlelobad dakvalificirdeboda da is obieqturi

safrTxe, romelic acdenil obieqts Seeqmna, kvalifikaciaSi ver

aisaxeboda. Sesabamisad, „acdenili isari“ mizezobriobaSi

Secdomad ar fasdeba da kvalifikaciaSi aisaxeba rogorc erTi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis xelyofa, aseve meore

samarTlebrivi sikeTis matareblis safrTxeSi Cayenebac.

rodesac error in persona da aberratio ictus erTmaneTs emTxveva da

amasTan piri moklavs swored mas, visi mokvlis survilic hqonda,

dogmatikaSi or sxvadasxva kvalifikacias gvTavazoben. erTi

SexedulebiT, qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes rogorc acdenili

isari (aberratio ictus) sicocxlis gaufrTxlebeli mospoba da

mkvlelobis mcdeloba, radgan pirma xelyo ara is visac

umiznebda, aramed sxva msxverpli.75

mxardaWeras imsaxurebs meore Sexeduleba, romelic qmedebas

akvalificirebs damTavrebul mkvlelobad, mxolod rogorc error

in persona, radgan pirs swored am konkretuli adamianis mokvla

surda da man es survili aisrula kidec.


140

magaliTi: petres yofil sidedrs isev petres mokvla surda. man saRamos

bind-bundSi petres ezoSi mdgomi ramdenime adamianSi Tavis WkvaSi petre

Seicno da igi mizanSi amoiRo. sinamdvileSi es petre ki ara, petres

megobari iyo. tyvia damiznebuls ascda, SemTxveviT petres moxvda da mokla.

amgvarad petres yofilma sidedrma swored is kaci mokla, visi mokvlis

survilic mas hqonda.

problematuria kumulaciuri mizezobriobis SemTxveva, rodesac

gamiznuli msxverplis magier sxva gardaicvleba.

magaliTi: petres yofilma sidedrma da petres yofilma colma wveulebaze

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad petres WiqaSi sawamlavi Cauyares. Rvino

petres Wiqidan petrem ki ara, misma axalma colma dalia da mokvda.76

amgvari SemTxveva SesaZlebelia ori sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT

davakvalificiroT. Tu qmedeba pirovnebaSi Secdomad error in

persona dakvalifcirdeba, maSin yuradReba unda gamaxvildes im

pirze, romelic sinamdvileSi mokvda. AamPpirTa qmedeba petres

colis mkvlelobis mcdelobad (ssk me-19 da 108-e muxlebi)

dakvalificirdeba da ara damTavrebul mkvlelobad, radgan

sawamlavis erTi doza Sedegis gamosawvevad sakmarisi ar iyo da

amitomac pirebs Sedegi obieqturad (anda Tu ar vaRiarebT

obieqturi Seracxvis instituts, maSin subieqturad) ar

Seeracxeba. isini mxolod mcdelobisaTvis ageben pasuxs.

Tu es qmedeba acdenil israd (aberratio ictus) dakvalificirdeba,

maSinac mxolod mcdeloba dagvrCeba (ssk me-19 da 108-e muxlebi

petres mkvlelobis mcdeloba). petres axali colis sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebeli mospoba kvalifikaciaSi ar aisaxeba, radgan

76 magaliTi turavas mixedviT, turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 523.

141

kumulaciuri mizezobrioba Sedegis (romelic orma pirma erTad

gamoiwvia) Seracxvas gamoricxavs. e.i., imis mixedviT, Tu romel

samarTlebriv figuras gamoviyenebT sabolood gvrCeba an

gamiznuli, an xelyofili msxverplis mkvlelobis mcdeloba.77

SesaZlebelia pirma Secdoma Tavisi qmedebiT dafuZnebuli

mizezobriobis ganviTarebaSi dauSvas. Secdoma mizezobriobaSi

SeiZleba iyos mniSvnelovani (arsebiTi) da umniSvnelo.

mizezobriobis ganviTarebaSi Secdoma mniSvnelovania, rodesac

mizezobrioba zogadi gamocdilebis farglebs scildeba, anu

atipuria.

magaliTi: mizezobriobaSi mniSvnelovani (arsebiTi) Secdomaa atipuri

mizezobroba rodesac piri msxverpls mokvlis mizniT msubuqad daWris.

saswrafo daxmarebis manqana, romelsac msxverpli saavadmyofoSi gadahyavs,

avariaSi mohyveba da msxverpli adgilzeve mokvdeba.

piris mier mizezobriobaSi daSvebuli mniSvnelovani Secdoma

damTavrebul danaSauls gamoricxavs da qmedeba mcdelobad

kvalificirdeba. qmedebis mcdelobad dakvalificirebis

argumentaciis ori sxvadasxva gza arsebobs:

1. Tu vaRiarebT obieqturi Seracxvis samarTlebriv

instituts, mizezobriobaSi arsebiTi Secdoma obieqtur

Seracxvasa da Sesabamisad qmedebis obieqtur mxares

gamoricxavs mizezobriobis atipurobis gamo. amgvarad

uarvyofT damTavrebul danaSauls da danaSaulis

mcdelobaze gadavdivarT.


142

2. Tu dogmatikuri mosazrebebidan gamomdinare obieqturi

Seracxvis samarTlebriv instituts ar vaRiarebT, maSin

Secdoma mizezobriobaSi ganzraxvis problema iqneba.

daismeba kiTxva, hqonda Tu ara pirs ganzraxva am

konkretuli Sedegis (avariiT sikvdilis) mimarT.Aamgvarad

gamoiricxeba ganzraxva amgvarad damdgari Sedegis mimarT

da imave kvalifikaciamde mivdivarT, rogorc obieqturi

Seracxvis gamoricxvisas, anu mcdelobamde. arc erT da arc

meore magaliTiSi ar gveqneba damTavrebuli danaSauli da

piri mxolod mcdelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs.

Secdoma mizezobriobaSi maSinaa umniSvnelo, rodesac

mizezobriobs ganviTareba tipuria, anu zogadi cxovrebiseuli

gamocdilebis farglebs ar scildeba.

magaliTi: pirma daxrCobis mizniT msxvepls wyalSi gadaagdo. msxverplma

wyalSi Cavardnisas Tavi kldes miartya da mokvda.78

mizezobriobaSi umniSvnelo Secdomisas qmedeba damTavrebuli

mkvlelobad kvalificirdeba (ssk 108-e muxli).

mizezobriobaSi Secdomis daxmarebiT kvalificirdeba germanul

sisxlis samarTalSi kargad cnobili «generaluri ganzraxvis»

SemTxvevebi. dReisaTvis «generaluri ganzraxva» ganzraxvis

specialuri SemTxveva aRaraa da mxolod specialur terminad

gamoiyeneba mizezobriobis ganviTarebaSi Secdomisas oraqtiani

danaSaulis dros. es is SemTxvevebia, rodesac piris mier

ganzraxuli Sedegi dgeba (kaci kvdeba) ara pirveli moqmedebiT,

78 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg, 2001, S. 150.

143

rogorc mas egona, aramed gonwasulis Tavidan moSorebisas,

romelsac igi micvalebulad Tvlis. e.i. «generaluri ganzraxva»

dReisaTvis mxolod da mxolod gvamad miCneuli gonwasulis

Tavidan moSorebisas ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis aRsaniSnavad

ixmareba.

magaliTi: yofilma sidedrma petre waaqcia, mokvlis mizniT mas yelSi xeli

wauWira da pirSi qviSa Caatena. petrem amis gamo goneba dakarga.

gondakarguli petre yofil sidedrs mkvdari egona da igi gvamis Tavidan

moSorebis da amgvarad danaSaulis kvalis dafarvis mizniT damarxav. petre

miwaSi moiguda.

«generaluri ganzraxvis» moZvelebuli argumentaciis mixedviT,

piri amgvar SemTxvevebSi ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis isjeba misi

generaluri survilidan gamomdinare im dasabuTebiT, rom mas am

kacis mokvla surda da Tavisi qmedebiT igi mokla kidec.

dReisaTvis es Teoria moZvelebulia da mxolod zemoxsenebuli

SemTxvevebis aRsaweradaa gamoyenebuli rogorc termini da ara

rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi figura.

«generaluri ganzraxvis» Teorias Semdegi argumentebis

safuZvelze uaryofen: maSin, rodesac piri msxverplis

sikvdilisaken mimarTuli ganzraxviT moqmedebs, igi am mizans ver

aRwevs. rodesac igi im qmedebas axorcielebs, romelmac

sikvdili gamoiwvia, mas piris sikvdilisken mimarTuli ganzraxva

ki ara, mxolod da mxolod gvamis Tavidan mocilebis ganzraxva

amoZravebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mkvlelobis ganzraxva amgvar

SemTxvevebSi aris dolus antecedens anu winmswrebi (gadafiqrebuli)

ganzraxva da amgvari „ganzraxva“ pasuxismgeblobis

144

dasasabuTeblad ar gamodgeba, radgan ganzraxvis Sesaxeb

simultanobis principis Tanaxmad, ganzraxva da qmedeba

erTdroulad unda arsebobdes.

dResdReobiT «generaluri ganzraxvis» SemTxvevebis

kvalifikaciis ori sxvadasxva SesaZleblobaa cnobili:

erTi Sexedulebis mixedviT, «generaluri ganzraxvis» SemTxveva

mkvlelobis mcdelobad (ssk me-19, 108-e muxlebi) da sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebel mospobad (ssk 16-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba.

meore Sexeduleba sakiTxs diferencirebulad udgeba.

«generaluri ganzraxvis» SemTxvevisas qmedeba mizezobriobaSi

Secdomad Sefasdeba da kvalifikaciaze zegavlenas moaxdens

mizezobriobaSi Secdomis saxe, anu is, es Secdoma mniSvnelovani

iyo Tu umniSvnelo. mizezobriobaSi arsebiTi, anu mniSvnelovani

Secdomisas qmedeba mcdelobad kvalificirdeba (ssk me-19, 108-e

muxlebi), mizezobriobaSi umniSvnelo Secdoma ki kvalifkacias

ar cvlis da qmedeba damTavrebul mkvlelobad kvalificirdeba

(ssk 108-e muxli).

7 Secdoma akrZalvaSi

Tu piri Tavisi qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdegobas ver Seicnobs, igi

Secdomas uSvebs akrZalvaSi. ssk 36-e muxlis (Secdoma) mixedviT,

Secdoma akrZalvaSi SeiZleba iyos rogorc misatevebeli, aseve

miutevebeli.

145

sakanonmdeblo ganmartebis mixedviT, misatevebelia Secdoma,

rodesac pirma Seqmnil viTarebaSi ar icoda da arc SeiZleboda

scodnoda, rom sCadioda akrZalul qmedebas (ssk 36-e muxlis me-2

nawili). misatevebeli Secdomis dros piri ar daisjeba (ssk 36-e

muxlis 1-li nawili).

miutevebeli Secdomis ganmartebas kanoni ar iZleva, magram

misatevebeli Secdomis ganmartebidan gamomdinare, miutevebeli

Secdoma SeiZleba Semdegnairad ganimartos: miutevebelia

Secdoma, rodesac marTalia, pirma ar icoda, magram mas SeeZlo

scodnoda, rom sCadioda akrZalul qmedebas. miutevebeli

Secdomisas pirs SeiZleba daekisros pasuxismgebloba mxolod

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis, Tu am qmedebis gaufrTxileblobiT

Cadena sisxlissamarTlebrivad dasjadia (ssk 36-e muxlis me-3

nawili).

akrZalvaSi Secdoma SeiZleba daiyos:

1. pirdapir da

2. arapirdapir Secdomad

akrZalvaSi pirdapiri Secdomisas pirma ar icis, rom misi qcevis

amkrZalavi norma arsebobs. akrZalvaSi arapirdapiri Secdomaa

Secdoma nebarTvis arsebobaSi (mag., Secdoma

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis arsebobasTan

dakavSirebiT).

146

klasikur deliqtebSi akrZalvaSi rogorc pirdapiri, aseve

arapirdapiri Secdomisas ar gamoiyeneba 36-e muxli (Secdoma) da

piri qmedebis dasjadobaze araswori warmodgenis miuxedavad

ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis daisjeba.

akrZalvaSi Secdoma SeiZleba daiyos aseve:

1. Secdomad piris sasargeblod

2. Secdomad piris sazianod.

piris sasargeblod akrZalvaSi Secdomisas pirs arasworad

hgonia, rom mis mier Cadenili qmedeba marTlsawinaaRmdego araa.

magaliTi: piri raime qmedebis ganxorcielebis sanacvlod Zvirfas saCuqars

iRebs da hgonia, rom igi meqrTameobas (ssk 338-e muxli) ar sCadis.

Secdoma akrZalvaSi piris sasargeblod qmedebis kvalifikacis

ar cvlis. dasaxelebuli magaliTi meqrTameobad

dakvalificirdeba.

piris sazianod akrZalvaSi Secdomisas piri misTvis

araxelsayrel samarTlebriv mdgomareobas warmoidgens. e.i. mas

hgonia, rom mis mier Cadenili qmedeba dasjadia da es qmedeba

sinamdvileSi araa dasjadi.

piris sazianod akrZalvaSi Secdoma dausjeli putatiuri

danaSaulia. putatiuri danaSauli dausjelia, radgan qmedebas

dasjadad aqcevs am qmedebis kriminalizacia kanonmdeblis mier

da ara piris warmodgena qmedebis dasjadobis Sesaxeb.

147

magaliTi: piri qmrian qalTan misi TanxmobiT seqsualur kavSirs amyarebs

hgonia, rom igi gaupatiurebis (ssk 137-e muxli) Semadgenlobas axorcielebs.

piris Secdoma Tavis sazianod qmedebis samarTlebriv SefasebaSi

dausjeli putatiuri danaSaulia.

subsumciaSi Secdomis dros pirs qmedebis Semadgenlobis

obieqturi garemoebis yvela niSani aqvs Secnobili, igi mxolod

qmedebis samarTlebriv SefasebaSi cdeba. subsumciaSi Secdomas

qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

magaliTi: pirma mokla mezoblis Zroxa, romelic mis bostanSi gadavida. igi

amtkicebs, rom nivTi mxolod usulo sagania, Zroxa nivTi araa da amitomac

mas sxvisi nivTi ar gaunadgurebia (ssk 187-e muxli). damoukideblad imisa,

Tu ras fiqrobs bostnis patroni, misi qmedeba ssk 187-e muxliT

dakvalificirdeba.

8 moCvenebiTi mogerieba

magaliTi: petres erT bnel saRamos Tavis sidedrs gulovnobis gamocdis

mizniT quCaSi miepara, orive xeli ukanidan mxrebze daartya da „an fuli, an

sulio“, dauyvira. petres sidedri elvis siswrafiT petresken Setrialda,

Tavisi mZime CanTiT petres magrad scema da mZimed daaziana. petres sidedrs

petre mTeli amxnis ganmavlobaSi yaCaRi egona.

moCvenebiTi (putatiuri) aucilebeli mogeriebis dros piri

cdeba:

1. Tavdasxmis realurobaSi, anu igi SecdomiT fiqrobs, rom mas

Tavs daesxnen. esaa Secdoma ucilebeli mogeriebis

faqtobriv winapirobaSi.

148

2. amasTanave piri cdeba sakuTari qmedebis samarTlebriv

SefasebaSi. igi fiqrobs, rom radgan igi Tavs

marTlsawinaaRmdego Tavdasxmisagan icavs, Tavad

marTlzomierad moqmedebs, anu mas marTlwinaaRmdegobis

Segneba ar aqvs.

Secdomas Tavdasxmis realurobaSi, anu moCvenebiTi mogeriebas

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi saxeldebiT ar iTvaliswinebs.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi Secdomis mxolod erTi saxe,

akrZalvaSi Secdomaa gaTvaliswinebuli (ssk 36-e muxli),

faqtobrivi Secdomis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad ki ganzraxvisa da

gaufrTxileblobis samarTlebrivi figurebi gamoiyeneba.

rogorc faqtobrivi Secdoma, aseve Secdoma akrZalvaSi

SesaZlebelia iyos misatevebeli da miutevebeli. misatevebelia

Secdoma, romlis Tavidan acileba aravis xelewifeba.

miutevebelia Secdoma, romlis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebeli iyo,

anu romelsac sxva, amsruleblis mdgomareobaSi myofi piri,

obieqturi damkvirvebeli, Tavidan aicilebda.

SedarebiTsamaTlebrivi masala: moCvenebiTi mogeriebis kvalifikacia

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi erT-erT urTules problemas warmoadgens.

ganzraxva germanul sisxlis samarTalSi orniSnaa da ganimarteba rogorc

qmedebis Semadgenlobis Cadenis codna da survili. germanul sisxlis

samarTalSi, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, ganzraxva Tavis TavSi ar moicavs

Cadenili qmedebis Sefasebas (marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas) da finaluri

moZRvrebis mixedviT, qmedebis subieqturi mxaris niSania,

qmedebisMmarTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba ki bralis damoukidebeli elementia.

germanuli ssk iTvaliswinebs rogorc faqtobriv Secdomas (gssk § 16,

Secdoma qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi), aseve Secdomas akrZalvaSi (gssk § 17).

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi faqtobrivi Secdoma ganzraxvas gamoricxavs

149

da Tu piris faqtobrivi Secdoma gaufrTxilebas efuZneba da am qmedebis

gaufrTxilebeli Cadena dasjadia, igi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis agebs

pasuxs.

akrZalvaSi Secdoma ki (gssk § 17, arcodna imisa, rom qmedeba akrZalulia)

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi misatevebeli Secdomis dros gamoricxavs

brals (radgan marTlwinaaRmdegoba bralis damoukidebeli elementia da

ara ganzraxvis niSani) da ara ganzraxvas. akrZalvaSiMmiutevebeli Secdomis

dros ki piri braleulad moqmedebs da SesaZlebelia martoden sasjelis

Semsubuqeba.

moCvenebiTi mogerieba germanul sisxlis samarTalSic kanonmdeblobiT

araa daregulirebuli. gssk § 16 (Secdoma qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi)

pirdapir miuTiTebs mxolod Secdomaze umarTlobis obieqtur mxareSi da

ara Secdomaze marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebis obieqtur

mxareSi. gssk § 17 ki iTvaliswinebs Secdomas akrZalvaSi, anu piris

araswor warmodgenas imaze, rom mis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedeba araa

akrZaluli, aseve Secdomas Cadenli qmedebis sagamonakliso wesiT

dasaSvebobaSi da ara Secdomas marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

garemoebis obieqtur mxaris arsebobaSi.

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi moCvenebiTi mogeriebis kvalifikaciisas

Semdegi Sexedulebebia gamoTqmuli:

bralis mkacri Teoria gssk § 17-ze dayrdnobiT moCvenebiTi mogeriebisas

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebis ararsebobis gamo an brals gamoircxavs, Tu

Secdoma Tavidan aucilebadia (misatevebelia), an brals amsubuqebs, Tu

Secdoma araa Tavidan aucilebadi, anu araa misatevebeli. Sesabamisad,

moCvenebiTi mogeriebisas miutevebeli Secdomis dros piri ganzraxi

danaSaulisaTvis daisjeba. zemoTmoyvanil magaliTSi petres sidedri

miutevebeli Secdomis magaliTiSi petres janrmTelobis mZime

dazianebisaTvis (ssk 177-emuxlis 1-li nawili) agebda pasuxs. qmedebis

amgvari kvalifikacia samarTlianobis grZnobas ewinaaRmdegeba, radgan

moCvenebiTi mogeriebis mdgomareobaSi moqmedi piri kanonmorCili adamiania,

150

igi faqtobrivi garemoebebis ararswori aRqmis gamo uSvebs Secdomas da mas

ara aqvs araswori warmodgena marTlwesrigis moTxovnebze.

swored am argumentebidan gamomdinare, meore Sexedulebis mixedviT

moCvenebiTi mogeriebisas gamoyenebul unda iqnas § 16 (Secdoma qmedebis

SemadgenlobaSi) samarTlebrivi Sedegebi, moCvenebiTi mogeriebisas

misatevebeli Secdomisas ganzraxva gamoiricxos da miutevebeli

Secdomisas ki pirma gaufrTxileblobisaTvis unda agos pasuxi.79 rogorc

vxedavT, moCvenebiTi mogeriebis kvalifikaciisas finaluri moZRvreba

iZulebuli gaxda ganzraxvis SemadgenlobaSi marTlwinaaRmdegoba

moeazrebina, rac finaluri moZRvrebis dogmatikur uzustobaze migvaniSnebs

da „boroti ganzraxvis“ samarTlebrivi figuris sasargeblod metyvelebs.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi moCvenebiTi mogeriebis

kvalifikaciis ramdenime SesaZlebloba arsebobs.

qarTuli neofinaluri moZRvrebis mixedviT, moCvenebiTi

mogeriebisas ssk 36-e muxlis analogiiT gamoiricxeba brali,

miutevebeli Secdomisas ki piri gaufrTxileblobisaTvis agebs

pasuxs.80

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi moCvenebiTi mogeriebis

kvalifikaciis meore SesaZlo variantia kvalifikacia

neoklasikuri moZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT da ganzraxvis samive

komponentis bralSi ganxilva. damoukideblad imisa, qmedeba

faqtobrivi Secdomad dakvalificirdeba faqtobrivi Secdomis

samarTlebrivi SedegebiT Tu akrZalvaSi Secdomad ssk 36-e


80 turava, danaSaulis miZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 537.

151

muxliT (Secdoma), kvalifikacia ar Seicvleba, radgan orive es

Secdoma qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi erTnairad

kvalificirdeba, misatevebel Secdomas rogorc ganzraxvis, aseve

gaufrTxileblobis gamoricxviT dausjelad Tvlis, miutevebel

Secdomas ki gaufrTxileblobisaTvis sjis.

9 Bbralis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucilebloba

samarTalSedarebiTi masala: germanuli sisxlis samarTali icnobs

ukiduresi aucileblobis or saxes: marTlwinaaRmdegobis da bralis

gamomricxvel ukiduresi aucileblobas. es ori sisxlissamartlebrivi

instituti erTmaneTisagan Semdegi samarTlebrivi TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba:

1. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucileblobis dros

SenarCunebuli da xelyofli samarTlebrivi sikeTeebis rangirebis

principi unda iyos daculi. dazianebuli samarTlebrivi sikeTe ufro

naklebmniSvnelovani unda iyos, vidre daculi samarTlebrivi sikeTe.

bralis gamomricxveli anu sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucleblobis

dros ki adgili aqvs TanabarmniSvnelovan interesTa kolizias.

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucileblobis dros

dacvadi samarTlebrivi sikeTis wre araa SezRuduli, anu rangirebis

principis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT SesaZlebelia dacul iqnas

nebismieri samarTlebrivi sikeTe. bralis gamomricxveli anu

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucleblobis dros ki dacul samarTlebriv

sikeTeTa wre SezRudulia (sicocxle, sxeulebrivi mTlianobda da

Tavisufleba).

3. germanul sisxlis samarTalSi Tanamonawileoba marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli ukiduresi aucileblobis ganxorcielebisas

SeuZlebelia, bralis gamomricxveli anu sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucleblobis dros ki (anu, umarTlobis ganxorcielebisas) –

dasaSvebi. anu, germanuli sisxlis samarTali uSvebs

152

Tanamonawileobas umarTlobis ganmaxorcielebel pirsa da

danaSaulis Camden pirs Soris, gansxvavebiT qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlisagan, romelic TanamonawileobisaTvis calsaxad (ganzraxi)

danaSaulis Cadenas moiTxovs (ssk 23-e muxli).

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis § 35-is zegavleniT oTar

gamyreliZem sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis alternatiul

proeqtSi gaiTvaliswina 36-e muxli (sapatio ukiduresi

acilebloba), romlis mixedviTac bralis gamoircxvis gamo ar

daisjeba piri, romelic Caidens sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas im uSualo safrTxis Tavidan

asacileblad, romelic emuqreboda TviTon damzianeblis an misi

axloblis sicocxles, sxeulebriv mTlianobas an Tavisuflebas,

Tuki es safrTxe ar SeiZleboda acdenili yofiliyo sxva

saSualebiT. es muxli imeorebs aseve germanuli ssk $ 35-is

daTqmas sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis gamoricxvis

Sesaxeb im magaliTiSi, Tu damzianebelma safrTxe Tavad Seqmna, an

Tu mas moeTxoveboda, gansakuTrebuli profesiuli Tu

samsaxurebrivi urTierTobebis gamo, safrTxe Tavis Tavze mieRo

(igulisxmeba mag., mexanZre, da policieli).

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvelma kanonmdebelma es sakanonmdeblo

iniciativa axal sisxlis samrTlis kodeqsSi ar gaiTvaliswina,81

ssk 38-e muxlSi (sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

gaTavisufleba sxva arabraleuli qmedebis dros) turava bralis


2008, gv. 260.

153

gamomricxvel zekanonur ukidures aucileblobas moiazrebs.82

igi sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobiT dacul samarTlebriv

sikeTeTa wris mixedviT erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sapatiebel

ukidures aucileblobas farTo da viwro gagebiT. turavaseuli

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba farTo gagebiT moicavs

nebismieri (sruliad ucnobisac) adamianis samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dacvas sxvisi TanabarmniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xarjze.83 esaa germanuli sisxlis samarTlisaTvis

kargad cnobili bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri garemoeba.

turavaseuli sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucilebloba viwro

gagebiT moicavs mxolod sakuTari an axloblis samarTlebrivi

sikeTis dacvas sxvisi TanabarmniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xarjze.84 esaa bralis gamomricxveli kanonismieri

ukiduresi aucilebloba germanuli sisxlis samarTlis

mixedviT, germanuli ssk § 35 (bralis gamomricxveli ukiduresi

aucilebloba). turavaseuli viwro gagebiT, bralis

gamomricxveli ukiduresi acileblobisas SesaZlebelia dacul

iqnas sakuTari an axloblis mxolod sicocxle, sxeulebrivi

mTlianoba da Tavisufleba, e.i. dacul samarTlebriv sikeTeTa

wre mxolod am sam umiSvnelovanes samarTlebriv sikeTes

moicavs.

82 turava, danaSaulis miZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 469 da momd.



154

turava, germanul sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, sapatiebeli

ukiduresi aucileblobis Semdeg niSnebs asaxelebs:

1. ukiduresi mdgomareoba, romelic piris an misi axloblis

mimarT arsebul imwuTier, uSualo da realur safrTxeSi

gamoixateba. amasTan axlobelSi igulisxmeba pirTa ufro

farTo wre, vidre es ssk 109-e muxlis SeniSvnaSia mocemuli.

turava axloblad Tvlis naTliasa da naTluls, megobarsa

da Seyvarebulsac, riTac igi bralis gamomricxveli

ukiduresia ucileblobis moqmedebis areals afarToebs da

Sesabamisad, qmedebis dasjadobas aviwroebs.85

2. ukiduresobiT gamowveuli moqmedeba unda iyos arsebul

saSualebaTagan yvelaze msubuqi da amasTan efeqturi.

amasTan dauSvebelia aSkara disproporcia dacul da

xelyofil sikeTeebs Soris, anu dauSvebelia sakuTari

mcire mniSvnelobis mqone sikeTis dacva sxvisi

mniSvnelovani sikeTis xarjze.

3. samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis neba.

4. pirs ar unda ekisrebodes safrTxis Tmenis, misi Tavis Tavze

aRebis valdebuleba profesiuli movaleobidan gamomdinare

(mexanZre, policieli), anda imis gamo, rom man es safrTxe

Tavad Seqmna.


155

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis turavaseuli gageba,

romlis mixedviTac dasaSvebia sakuTari an axloblis

sicocxlis, sxeulebrivi mTlianobis an Tavisuflebis gadarCena

sxvisi (rogorc safrTxeSi myofis, aseve safrTxeSi armyofis)86

TanabarmniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi sikeTis xarjze,

dogmatikurad SeiZleba Semdegnairad dasabuTdes:

1. eqstremalur situaciaSi, rodesac pirs garduvali sikvdili

elodeba, sasjelis muqara Tavis mniSvnelobas kargavs. pirs

ver davaSinebT xvalindeli savaraudo sasjeliT, Tu igi

dRes sikvdils uyurebs TvalebSi. anu, eqstremaluri

situacia «samarTlisagan Tavisufali sivrcea».

2. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis amgvari gageba

danaSaulis agebulebis sistemas ar ewinaaRmdegeba.

danaSaulis mesame safexuris, bralis ganxilvisas yuradReba

eqceva SefasebiT moments, sxvagvarad qcevis SesaZleblobas

– SeiZleba Tu ara samarTalma pirs sxvagvarad qceva,

Tavganwirva mosTxovos? yvela adamiani araa gmiri, amitomac

samarTali sxvagvarad qcevas ver moiTxovs. brali da

Sesabamisad, danaSauli swored amitomaa gamoricxuli.

sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis gamyreliZiseuli da

turavaseuli gagebis sawinaaRmdegod Semdegi argumentebi

metyvelebs:


156

1. is, rom germaniis ssk §35 gavleniT oTar gamyreliZis mier

Seqmnil sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis proeqtSi bralis

gamomricxvel garemoeba, romelic calke muxlSi iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli, qarTvelma kanonmdebelma ar gaiziara.

bralis gamomricxvel garemoebad sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucileblobis amgvari gageba amitomac, kanonis (ssk 38-e

muxlis) istoriuli ganmartebidan gamomdinare,

kanonmdeblis nebas ewinaaRmdegeba.

2. sapatiebeli ukiduresi aucileblobis amgvari gagebis

sawinaaRmdegod kriminalpolitikuri argumentic

metyvelebs. sisxlis samarTlis amocana sazogadoebis

samarTlebrivi usafrTxoebis dacvaa. eqstremalur

pirobebSi moqmedi piris mimarT bralis ararsebobis da

Sesabamisad, danaSaulis gamoricxvis gamo gamamarTlebeli

ganaCenis gamotana (gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu man Tavi im

adamianis sicocxlis fasad gadairCina, visac safrTxe ar

emuqreboda), sazogadoebaSi daucvelobis grZnobas

gaaRvivebs da Tavad am piris mimarT (sul mcire, msxverplis

axlobelTa) agresias warmoSobs. amgvar SemTxvevebSi

bralis proporciuli msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna misi

(sxvisi sicocxlis xarjze gadarCenili piris)

usafrTxoebis garantia iqneba.

sxva Sexedulebis mixedviT ki bralis gamomricxveli zekanonuri

garemoeba mxolod tragikuli koliziaa. es is SemTxvevaa,

rodesac piri marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas axorcielebs

157

samarTlebrivi sikeTis nawilis gadasarCenad, roca es sikeTe

mTlianobaSi dasaRupad iyo ganwiruli. amasTan, safrTxeSi myof

pirebs Tavis gadarCenis Tanabari saSualeba ar unda hqondeT. am

Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCena im

sikeTis xarjze, romelsac safrTxe ar emuqreboda, araa bralis

gamomricxveli tragikuli kolizia.87

berZenma filosofosma karneadem Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-2 saukuneSi

eTikis da sisxlis samarTlis kavSiris Sesaxeb msjelobisas Semdegi

«azrobrivi eqsperimenti» gaaanaliza: gemis katastrofis Semdeg ori

adamiani erT ficarze aRmoCnda. ficars mxolod erTi adamianis zidva

SeeZlo. erTma meores xeli hkra, ficridan gadaagdo da amgvarad Tavi

gadairCina. karneade svams kiTxvas – mkvleli am dros sikvdiliT unda

daisajos Tu ara da Tu igi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan

gaTavisfldeba, ra safuZvliT?

«karneades ficris» magaliTis gamyreliZe da turava bralis

gamomricxvel tragikul koliziad Tvlian. piris moqmedeba

qmedebis Sesabamisi da marTlsawinaaRmdegoa, anu igi umarTlobas

axorcielebs. brali ki gamoiricxeba, radgan adamians ver

movTxovT, eqstremalur situaciaSi Tavi (Tundac sxvisi

sicocxlis xarjze) ar gadairCinos da iyos gmiri.88



88 umaRlesi moraluri (da ara samarTlebrivi) masStabi ginekologma ioseb Jordaniam da

arqimandritma ilia kartoziam dagvidgines. ioseb Jordaniam 1962 wels rio de

JaneiroSi TviTmfrinavis katastrofis Semdeg Tavisi maSveli rgoli ucnob gogonas

dauTmo da Tavad okeaneSi daixrCo. 2015 wels arqimandriti ilia kartozia ki

cecxlwakidebul boranze darCa da maSvel navSi sakuTari adgili bavSvian qals

dauTmo, Tavad ki daiRupa.

158

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi cnobilia eqstremaluri

situaciis SemTxvevebi, romelTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi Sefaseba

metad sadavoa. sisxlis samarTlis saxelmZRvaneloebSi xSirad

Semdegi ori realuri magaliTi mohyavT:

gem «minionetis» SemTxveva: gemis katastrofis Semdeg oTxi mezRvauri

cotaodeni wylis da sanovagis maragiT navSi gadavida. sanovage male

gaTavda. mezRvaurebi SimSilobdnen. 19 dRiani SimSilis Semdeg maT mokles

aseve SimSiliT dasustebuli iunga da misi xorciT ikvebebodnen iqamde,

sanam maT Semxvedri gemi gadaarCenda.89 1884 wels inglisis sasamarTlom

mezRvaurebs sikvdili miusaja mkvlelobis da kanibalizmis gamo, eqvsi Tvis

patimrobis Semdeg ki isini inglisis samefo karma Seiwyala.

kanibalizmis amdagvari SemTxveva me-19 saukunis amerikaSic moxda. ukacriel

adgilas myofma ramdenime ukiduresad damSeulma pirma kenWisyriT

gansazRvra, Tu vin unda SeWmuliyo da kenWisyris Semdeg amxanagi misi

nebarTviT dakla da SeWama. amerikis sasamarTlos isini ar dausjia im

argumentiT, rom jgufma kenWisyra Caatara da nebismieri SeiZleba

msxverplis adgilas aRmoCeniliyo.

tragikuli koliziiT bralis gamoricxvis magaliTad Todua

mTamsvlelebis magaliTs miiCnevs.

mTamsvlelebis magaliTi: erTmaneTze TokiT gadabmuli ori mTamsvlelidan

erTi mosxlteba da mas meore mTamsvlelTan erTad amgvarad xramSi

gadaCexvis safrTxe daemuqreba. meore mTamsvleli arCevanis winaSe dadgeba

– an Toki gadaWras da Tavi gadairCinos, an megobars xramSi gadahyves da

Tavadac mokvdes.

89 SavguliZe /surgulaZe, sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis gamomricxveli garemoebani sisxlis

samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi, Tbilisi 1988, gv. 221; turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba,

Tbilisi 2011, gv. 481

159

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu paloze momwydar mTamsvlels saerTod ara

hqonda gadarCenis Sansi da zemoTa msTamsvleli Toks gadaWris

Toduas TqmiT, samarTlebrivi sikeTe (orive adamianis sicocxle)

mTlianadaa safrTxeSi da samarTlebrivi sikeTis erTi nawili

(erTi adamianis sicocxle) gadarCeba meore samarTlebrivi

sikeTis ganwirviT.90

aq unda davamatoT Semdegi: bralis gamoricxvas isic uwyobs

xels, rom meore mTamsvleli, romelsac gadarCenis Sansi ar

hqonda, Tavad iyo safrTxis wyaro.

Toduas mixedviT, tragikuli kolizia SeiZleba maSinac gvqondes,

rodesac rogorc daculi, aseve xelyofili samarTlebrivi

sikeTeebi erT pirs ekuTvnis. mag., Tu samSvidobos gasuli

jariskaci erTi gasroliT moklavs mtris xelSi Cavardnil

megobars, raTa igi mtrisgan wamebas gadaarCinos, gveqneba

tragikuli kolizia da jariskaci ar daisjeba bralis

gamoricxvis gamo.91

turavas swori miTiTebis mixedviT, es araa tragikuli koliziis

magaliTi. am azrs igi Semdegnairad asabuTebs: qarTuli sisxlis

samarTali mkvlelobas msxverplis TxovniT (ssk 110-e muxli)

bralis gamomricxvel garemoebad ki ara, mkvlelobis

privilegiur Semadgenlobad aRiarebs bralis simciris gamo.





160

mkvleloba msxverplisaTvis wamebiT gamowveuli tkivilis

Tavidan acilebis mizniT (msxverplis seriozuli da daJinebuli

Txovnis gareSe! SeniSvna Cemia, q.m.-h.), bralis gamomricxvel

garemoebad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos.92

omis dros mtris xelSi Cavardnili megobris mkvleloba misi

wamebisagan gadarCenis mizniT moralurad gamarTlebulia.

sasjelis daniSvna amgvar SemTxvevebSi yovelgvar azrsaa

moklebuli. rogorc zogadi, aseve kerZo prevenciis miznebi

amgvar SemTxvevebSi ar miiRweva, radgan arc maTi saWiroeba

arsebobs. swored aq SeiZleba mivmarToT roqsinis mier

ganviTarebul bralis struqturas (bralis funqcionaluri

cneba), romlis mixedviTac bralis gamomricxveli garemoeba

normis Sesabamisi moqmedebis unaris ararsebobas ki ara,

sasjelis daniSvnis kriminalpolitikuri saWiroebas (kerZo da

generaluri prevenciis aucilebloba) unda efuZnebodes93 da

qmedebis dasjadoba gamoricxoT. anda sasjelis daniSvnis

kriminalpolitikuri saWiroeba danaSaulis meoTxe safexurad

vaRiaroT da Sesabamisad, piris dasjadoba gamovircxoT.

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba bralis gamomricxveli

ukiduresi aucileblobis erT-erTi saxea.

1. safrTxis wyaro am SemTxvevaSi adamiania. igi Zaladobs an

ZaladobiT imuqreba


93 Roxin, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Band I, Grundlagen, Der Aufbau der Verbrechenslehre, München 1992,

S. 114, Rn. 26.

161

2. safrTxe imwuTieria

3. safrTxis Tavidan acileba sxva saSualebiT (mag.,

maiZuleblis mogeriebiT) SeuZlebelia

4. piri iZulebulia sakuTari samarTlebrivi sikeTis

dasacavad xelyos sxvisi samarTlebrivi sikeTe.

saerTaSoriso sisxxlis samarTalSi romis statutis 31-e muxlis

1-li abzacis d) punqtSi iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucilebloba

sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas gamoricxavs.

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis magaliTi: jariskacs iaraRis muqariT

aiZulebs oficeri, moklas samoqalaqo piri. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi masac

da samoalaqo pirsac mokvliT emuqreba. jariskacma icis, rom samoqalaqo

piri mainc ganwirulia da klavs mas. amasTan jariskacs ara aqvs oficris

mogeriebis saSualeba.94

iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis dros xelyofili da

gadarCenili samarTlebrivi sikeTeebi SeiZleba Tanabari

Rirebulebisac iyos (sicocxlis xelyofa sakuTari an

axloblis sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis), anda xelyofili

samarTlebrivi sikeTe ufro dabal ierarqiul safexurze idges.

rodesac piri iZulebiTi ukiduresi aucileblobis garemoebebis

arsebobisas samarTlebriv sikeTes xelyofs, safrTxeSi

Cavardnili samarTlebrivi sikeTis mflobels xelmyofis

winaaRmdeg aucilebeli mogeriebis ganxorcielebis ufleba aqvs.

Tu Cven iZulebiT ukidures aucileblobas marTlwinaaRmdegobis

94 MmagaliTi Toduas mixedviT, wignSi: dvaliZe/naWyebia (red.) sisxlis samarTlis zogadi

nawili, Tbilisi 2007, gv. 320.

162

gamomricxvel garemoebad CavTvlidiT, xelmyofis winaaRmdeg

aucilebeli mogeriebis ufleba gamoiricxeboda.

10 qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucilebloba

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi kargad cnobili qvantitatiuri

ukiduresi aucilebloba95 (turavas sapatiebeli ukiduresi

aucilebloba farTo gagebiT) Semdeg niSnebs moicavs:

1. samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofa (rogorc wesi, mcire

raodenobis adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa)

2. samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofiT sxva „ufro didi

ubedurebis“ Tavidan acileba (mravali adamianis gadarCena,

romelic araa amsruleblis axlobeli)

3. samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis mizani.

qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobis magaliTi germanuli sisxlis

samarTlis praqtikidan: nacionalur-socialistur germaniaSi eqimTa erTma

nawilma dasaRupad gawira suliT avadmyofTa mcire nawili, raTa gadaerCina

avadmyofTa ufro didi odenoba.

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikasa da politikaSi qvantitatiuri

ukiduresi aucileblobis Sesaxeb diskusia gansakuTrebiT

gacxovelda 2001 wlis 11 seqtembers al-qaidas TviTmkvleli

95 qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucilebloba germanul sisxlis samarTalSi bralis

gamomricxveli zekanonuri ukiduresi aucileblobaa. germanul sisxlis samarTalSi

gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobis dros

qmedeba maSinac unda CaiTvalos sapatiebel ukidures aucileblobad, rodesac piri,

romlis xarjzec mravali adamiani gadarCa, safrTxeSi ar iyo. Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht

Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 96, Rn. 60.

163

teroristebis mier msoflio savaWro centris afeTqebis Semdeg.

dReisaTvis qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucleblobis sakiTxis

ganxilvisas mohyavT Semdegi SemTxvevebi:

1. klasikuri magaliTi: meisris mier mgzavrebiT savse ori samgzavro

matareblis koliziis acileba erTi matareblis sxva liandagisaken

warmarTvis saSualebiT, sadac ramdenime muSa muSaobs. muSebi

daiRupebian, magram gadarCebian am orive matareblis mgzavrebi.

daisjeba Tu ara meisre?

2. aqtualuri magaliTi: mravali adamianis sicocxlis gadarCena mcire

adamianTa sicocxlis fasad teroristebis mier gatacebuli,

adamianebiT savse Senobis mimarTulebiT mfreni samgzavro

TviTmfrinavis CamogdebiT. daisjeba Tu ara samxedro piri, romelic

TviTmfrinavs Camoagdebs, TviTmfrinavSi msxdom adamianTa mcire

nawils gawiravs da adamianTa gacilebiT ufro did nawils

gadaarCens?

zogadad bralis gamomricxvel ukidures aucileblobaze da

kerZod bralis gamomricxvel qvantitatiur ukidures

aucileblobaze diskusiisas gadasawyvet problemaTa Soris

yvelaze mTavaria Semdegi sakiTxi: dasaSvebia Tu ara mravali

adamianis gadarCenis mizniT im adamianis sicocxlis gawirva,

romelsac safrTxe ar emuqreboda?96

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi araa erTiani mosazreba

qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobis kvalifikaciaze.

wereTeli adamianis sicocxlis mospobas mravali adamianis

sicocxlis gadasarCenad marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel

96 Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, München 2013, S. 96, Rn. 57-61.

164

ukidures aucileblobad miiCnevda da qmedebis sazogadoebriv

saSiSroebas da sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas

gamoricxavda. im periodisaTvis qarTuli sisxlis samarTali

erTmaneTisagan ar ganasxvavebda marTlwinaaRmdegobisa da

bralis gamomricxvel ukidures aucileblobas, amitomac

wereTeli amgvari qmedebebis kvalifikaciisas Zalauneburad da

ukidures aucileblobamde unda misuliyo, rac sazogadoebrivi

saSiSroebis gamomricxve garemoebas warmoadgenda.97

turava brals qvantitatiuri ukiduresi aucileblobisas

mxolod maSin gamoricxavs, rodesac piri, romelic sxva mravali

adamianis gadasarCenad gaiwira, ukve safrTxeSi imyofeboda.

bralis gamoricxva maSin, rodesac safrTxeSi armyofi adamiani

sxvaTa gadasarCenad gaiwireba, misi azriT, samarTlebriv

usafrTxoebas xelyofs.98 sakuTari an axloblis sicocxlis

gadasarCenad igi safrTxeSi armyofi adamianis gawirvas

dasaSvebad miiCnevs. gasazarebelia mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac

safrTxeSi armyofi adamianis gawirva sakuTari an axloblis

sicocxlis gadasarCenad iseve xelyofs samarTlebriv

usafrTxoebas, rogorc safrTxeSi armyofi adamianis gawirva

sxvaTa gadasarCenad.

97 wereTeli, wignSi: wereTeli/tyeSeliaZe (red.), saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis komentarebi, nawili pirveli, Tbilisi 1976, gv. 112.

98 turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 489-490.

165

V umoqmedoba

1 umoqmedobis dasjadobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs dasjadobas piris

qmedebis, anu moqmedebis an umoqmedobisaTvis. umoqmedobisaTvis

dasjadobisas piri kanoniT dakisrebuli moqmedebis

valdebulebas arRvevs. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi sxva

adamianis daxmarebis valdebulebas iTvaliswinebs wminda

umoqmedobisa da Sereuli umoqmedobis deliqtebSi.

wminda umoqmedobisas pirs moyvasis daxmarebis zogadadamianuri

solidaruli valdebulebis Sesruleba ekisreba. wminda

umoqmedobis deliqtebis dispoziciebi sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis kerZo nawilSia Camoyalibebuli. wminda umoqmedobis

deliqtis klasikuri magaliTia ssk 129-e muxli, romelic pirs

sxva adamianis (mezoblis, megobris anda sruliad ucxosic)

dauxmareblobisaTvis sjis, damoukideblad imisa, raime mavne

Sedegi dadga Tu ara. Sedegis dadgoma, adamianis janmrTelobis

dazianeba an sikvdili wminda umoqmedobisas martoden sasjelis

daniSvnisas gaiTvaliswineba. 129-e muxliT dasjis winapirobebia:

sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba, aucilebeli da aSkarad

gadaudebeli daxmarebis saWiroeba, piri mier daxmarebis

gauwevloba an daxmarebis saWiroebis Seutyobinebloba saTanado

dawesebulebis an pirisaTvis da am daxmarebis SesaZlebloba

TavisTvis an sxvisTvis safrTxis Seqmnis gareSe.

166

Sereuli umoqmedobis dasjadoba piris mier Sedegis dadgomis

Tavidan aucileblobiT fuZndeba, mag., adamianis sikvdilis,

adamianis janmrTelobis dazianebis, sxvisi nivTis ganadgurebis

an dazianebis Tavidan aucilebloba.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo nawilSi Sereuli

umoqmedobis dasjadobis calke damoukidebeli Semadgenloba ar

arsebobs. pirma, romelsac ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis specialur valdebulebas

akisrebs, anu garantma:

1. unda daicvas Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi adamianis

samarTlebrivi sikeTe, aseve

2. unda daicvas sxva admianTa samarTlebrivi sikeTe Tavisi

zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi piris an safrTxis wyarosagan.

Tu garantma es valdebuleba ar Seasrula da

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi dadga, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

kerZo nawilis konkretuli muxlis mixedviT damTavrebuli

danaSaulisaTvis igi pasuxs martoden maSin agebs, rodesac ssk

me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, arsebobs hipoTeturi

mizezobrivi kavSiri mis umoqmedobasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris,

anu damdgari SedegisaTvis pasuxismgebloba umoqmedobisas

dadgeba maSin, rodesac:

1. pirs moqmedebis specialuri movaleoba ekisreboda, anu

samarTlebrivi garanti iyo

167

2. mas am moqmedebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba hqonda

3. da hipoTeturad dadgindeba, rom savaldebulo da

SesaZlebeli moqmedebiT Sedegi Tavidan iqneboda

acilebuli.

Sereuli umoqmedobiT danaSaulis Cadena SeiZleba rogorc

ganzrax, aseve gaufrTxileblobiT. Sereuli umoqmedobiT

ganxorcielebul danaSaulebSi SesaZlebelia rogorc

Tanamonawileoba, aseve (rogorc wesi, dausjeli) momzadeba da

mcdeloba da Sesabamisad, danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebac.

Sereuli umoqmedobisDdasjadobisaTvis yovelTvis araa saWiro,

rom pirma icodes Tavisi qmedebis ganxorcielebis

aucileblobis Sesaxeb. Tu pirma ar icis, rom misi dacvis qveS

myofi samarTlebrivi sikeTe safrTxeSia, igi, marTalia, ganzraxi

umoqmedobisaTvis ar agebs pasuxs, magram, Sedegis dadgomis

SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia windaxedulobis normis darRvevis

dasabuTebiT misi gaufrTxilebeli umoqmedobisaTvis dasja.99

magaliTi: pirma ar icis, rom misi patara bavSvi wyalSi Cavarda da ixrCoba.

bavSvi daixrCoba. Tu pirma bavSvis wyalSi Cavardnis arcodniT

windaxedulobis norma daarRvia, man gaufrTxilebeli umoqmedobis yvela

winapirobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sicocxlis mospobisaTvis unda agos

pasuxi (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 116-e muxli).

radgan moqmedebisaTvis nebismieri piri agebs pasuxs,

umoqmedobisaTvis ki martoden garanti, sisxlissamarTlebrivi


168

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad aucilebelia

moqmedebis da umoqmedobis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna. am

problemis gadasawyvetad sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi

ramdenime Teoria ganviTarda.

energiis daZabvis Teoriis mixedviT, moqmedeba gvaqvs maSin,

rodesac piri energias Zabavs, umoqmedoba ki maSin, rodesac

energiis daZabvas adgili ar aqvs. am Teoriis sawinaaRmdegod

unda iTqvas is, rom mas moqmedebiT ganxorcielebuli

umoqmedobis axsna (samedicino aparatis gamorTva, rogorc

umoqmedoba moqmedebiT) ar SeuZlia.

konkurenciis Teoriis mixedviT, moqmedeba da umoqmedoba

konkurenciis daxmarebiT unda gaimijnos. rodesac moqmedebacaa

da umoqmedobac, konkurenciis safuZvelze upiratesoba

moqmedebas unda mieniWos. konkurenciis safuZvelze moqmedebis

umoqmedobisagan gamijvna Semdegnairadaa gakritikebuli: rogorc

wesi, umoqmedoba sruli pasiuroba araa da mas xSirad moqmedeba

axlavs Tan.

magaliTi: deda plaJze wyalSi Wyumpalaobs da yuradRebas ar aqcevs Tavis

Svils, romelic sxva damsveneblebis CanTebs da Sig arsebul Zvirfas

eleqtro aparaturas wyalSi yris. am dros garanti moqmedebs (wyalSi

Wyumpalaobs) da umoqmedobs kidec (yuradRebas ar aqcevs Svils).

konkurenciis Teorias Semdegnairad akritikeben: umoqmedobis

sakiTxi konkurenciis safuZvelze rom gadagvewyvita, yovelTvis

gamogvericxeboda umoqmedoba da umoqmedobisaTvis

pasuxismgebloba.

169

dogmatikosTa nawilis azriT, gacilebiT ukeTesi iqneba, Tu

moqmedeba da umoqmedoba erTmaneTisagan gaimijneba ara am qcevis

garegani formiT anda empiriuli SinaarsiT, aramed misi

normatiuli arsiT.100 am Sexedulebas Semdegnairad akritikeben:

martoden normatiuli arsis gaTvaliswineba Sefasebis zust

kriteriumebs ar iZleva.

moqmedebis da umoqmedobis gamijvnisas gasaziarebelia

Sualeduri mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac moqmedeba da

umoqmedoba unda gaimijnos rogorc qcevis garegani formiT,

aseve pirisaTvis dakisrebuli valdebulebis xasiaTiT. piri

isjeba imitom, rom man ar gaamarTla sazogadoebis

dasabuTebuli varaudi dawyebuli arasasurveli mizezobriobis

gawyvetis da Sedegis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb.

SemTxveva germanuli sisxlis samarTlis praqtikidan: Txis

aradezinficirebuli bewvis gadacema fabrikis muSebisaTvis, ramac muSaTa

sikvdili gamoiwvia, kvalificirdeba rogorc moqmedeba (Txis bewvis

gadacema) da ara umoqmedoba (Txis bewvis gauwmendaoba), radgan sisxlis

samarTali pirs normatiulad Txis bewvis gadacemas sayvedurobs da ara

Txis bewvis gauwmendaobas.

sadavoa, moqmedebaa Tu umoqmedoba:

1. dazaralebulisaTvis aqtiuri qmedebiT gadarCenis Sansis

mospobisas

100 wereTeli/tyeSeliaZe, moZRvreba danaSaulze, Tbilisi 1969, gv. 297; Ebert, Strafrecht

Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S. 173.

170

2. msxverplis gadarCenaSi mSvelelisaTvis aqtiurad xelis

SeSlisas

3. sakuTari aqtiuri qmedebiT Seqmnili gadarCenis Sansis

mospobisas

4. Tavis iseT mdgomareobaSi Cayenebisas, rodesac pirs

dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesruleba ar SeuZlia

5. samedicino aparatis gamorTvisas.

magaliTi: piri WiSkars Cauketavs ucxo kacs, romelsac mkvleli mosdevs.

mas surs, rom es kaci WiSkarSi ver Sevardes da mkvlels emsxverplos.

Sedegi marTlac dadgeba.

WiSkris Camketis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis gadawyveta amgvar

magaliTiSi ori sxvadasxva mimarTulebiTaa SesaZlebeli:

1. WiSkris Camketi sxva adamianis gadarCenis Sansis flobis

gamo mis garantad ar iqceva, amitomac igi pasuxs mxolod

129-e muxliT (dauxmarebloba) agebs.

2. swori mosazrebiT, WiSkris Camketi danaSaulebrivi qmedebas

(daxmarebas) moqmedebiT (karis CaketviT) axorcielebs. mas

msxverplisaTvis kari rom ar Caeketa, es adamiani

gadarCeboda. wminda umoqmedoba ki maSin gveqneboda, Tu piri

ucxo kacs Caketil WiSkars ar gauxsnida. qmedeba

Tanamonawileobad unda dakvalificirdes da piri WiSkris

Caketvis da msxverplisaTvis gadarCenis Sansis mospobis

gamo mkvlelobaSi daxmarebisaTvis unda daisajos (ssk 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawili da 108-e muxli).

171

mSvelelisaTvis aqtiurad xelis SeSla msxverplis gadarCenaSi

moqmedebaa, magram umoqmedobis elementebsac moicavs, radgan am

aqtiuri qmedebis saboloo Sedegi umoqmedoba, anu

miuSveleblobaa.

magaliTi: petre win gadaeRoba pavles da mas dasaxrCobad ganwiruli

ivanes gadarCenis saSualebas ar misca. petrem amgvarad aqtiuri qmedebiT

sxvis umoqmedobas gamoiwvia da igi moqmedebiT Cadenili mkvlelobisaTvis

unda daisajos.

piris (aragarantis) mier msxverplisaTvis sakuTari aqtiuri

qmedebiT Seqmnili gadarCenis Sansis mospoba an umoqmedobad

kvalificirdeba, an moqmedebad, imis mixedviT, Tu rodis gawyvita

pirma Tavisi qmedebiT dafuZnebuli gadamrCeni mizezobriobis

jaWvi, maSin, rodesac msxverpls piris moqmedebiT gadarCenis

realuri Sansi jer kidev ar gasCenia, Tu mas Semdeg, rac

msxverpls gadarCenis realuri Sansi ukve gauCnda.

Tu msxverpls piris moqmedebiT gadarCenis realuri Sansi jer

kidev ar gasCenia, pirma mxolod dauxmareblobisaTvis (ssk 129-e

muxli) unda agos pasuxi. piris mier sakuTari aqtiuri qmedebiT

Seqmnili gadarCenis Sansis mospoba ki moqmedebaa da igi aqtiuri

qmedebiT ganxorcielebuli mkvlelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs (ssk

me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da msxverplis umweoba, ssk 109-e muxlis

me-2 nawilis b) punqti).

sakiTxavia, Tu rogor unda dakvalificirdes samedicino

aparatis gamorTva, moqmedebad Tu umoqmedobad. umciresobis

mosazrebiT, nebismier piris mier samedicino aparatis gamorTva

172

da amgvarad pacientis sicocxlis mospoba moqmedebaa. qmedebis

dasjadoba ganisazRvreba ara moqmedebasa da umoqmedobas Soris

sazRvris gavlebiT, aramed am qmedebis socialuri Sinaarsis

SefasebiT. aparatis gamorTvisas piri ar isjeba, Tu igi

pacientis inetersebis dasacavad moqmedebs da mas sicocxlesTan

Rirseuli gamoTxovebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. qmedebis

Semadgenloba da marTlwinaaRmdegoba saxezea, magram

gamoiricxeba brali.

sxva mosazrebis mixedviT, samedicino aparatis gamorTva an

umoqmedobad kvalificirdeba, an moqmedebad. kvalifikaciisas

yuradReba eqceva ara piris mier sxeulebrivi Zalis gamoyenebas,

aramed am qmedebis socialur mniSvnelobas. Tu samedicino

aparats eqimi an sxva samedicino personali gamorTavs, igi

samedicino daxmarebas wyvets iseve, rogorc pirveladi

samedicino damxarebis Sewyvetisas. Tu samedicino aparats

avadmyofis naTesavi gamorTavs, igi moqmedebs, radgan samedicino

daxmareba misi valdebuleba araa. eqimis da sxva samedicino

personalis mier aparatis gamorTvas uwodeben an moqmedebiT

ganxorcielebul umoqmedobas (umiqmedoba moqmedebiT), anda

dReisaTvis, ufro Tanamedrove terminologiiT, martivad

samedicino daxmarebis Sewyvetas.

2 umoqmedobis mizezobriobis winapirobebi

ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawiliT umoqmedobis mizezobriobis pirveli

winapirobaa piris moqmedebis samarTlebrivi movaleoba, anu

garantis funqcia. garantis movaleobis damfuZnebel niSnebs

173

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs. es niSnebi ssk me-

8 muxlis me-3 nawilis dauwereli niSnebia. kanonmdebeli am

niSnebis ganmartebas sisxlis samarTlis Teorias da

sasamarTlo praqtikas andobs.101

Sereuli umoqmedobis deliqtis subieqti martoden garanti

SeiZleba iyos, amitomac Sereuli umoqmedobis deliqtebi

specialuri deliqtebia. sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi

erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben garantis movaleobis warmoSobis

formalur da materialur safuZvlebs.

garantis movaleobis warmoSobis formaluri safuZvlebia:

1. naTesauri an sxva mWidro urTierToba

2. kanoni

3. samsaxurebrivi an profesiuli movaleoba

4. safrTxis damfuZnebeli winare qceva

5. pasuxisgebloba piris pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi arsebuli

mometebuli safrTxis wyarosaTvis.

6. movaleobis nebayoflobiT aReba Tavis Tavze

101 radgan ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili umoqmedobisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobis safuZvels amomwuravad ar gansazRvravs, SesaZlebelia imis mtkiceba,

rom amgvarad irRveva kanonierebis principis erT-erTi gamoxatuleba – nullum crimen sine

lege certa.

174

7. socialuri jgufis Seqmna, romlis wevrebic

urTierTTanxmobis safuZvelze erTmaneTis Tanadgomis

imediT nebayoflobiT dganan erTnairi safrTxis winaSe.

garantis movaleoba misi warmoSobis safuZvlis miuxedavad erTi

intensivobisaa.

axlo naTesavad unda CavTvaloT ssk 109-e muxlis SeniSvnaSi

CamoTvlili pirebi: mSobeli, Svilad amyvani, Svili, mindobiT

aRsazrdeli, Svilobili, papa, bebia, SviliSvili, da, Zma, MmeuRle.

sadavoa, arsebobs Tu ara garantis movaleoba maSin, rodesac

pirTa Soris axlo naTesauri kavSirisas axlobluri

urTierToba gawyvetilia.

magaliTi: mamas klaven da wlebis win waCxubebuli Svili mas ar exmareba,

Tumca mas es SeeZlo. igi SexedulebiT mxolod SeutyobineblobisaTvis

(ssk 376-e muxli) agebs pasuxs.

swori SexedulebT, Svils mkvlelobaSi umoqmedobiT

daxmarebisaTvis (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, ssk 24-e muxlis me-3

nawili da 108-e muxli) daisjeba, damoukideblad imisa, imama da

Svili waCxubebulni iyvnen Tu ara. garantis valdebulebis

dasafuZneblad formaluri naTesauri kavSiris arseboba

sakmarisia. sxva Sexedulebis mixedviT ki cudi urTierToba

axlo naTesavTa Soris garantis valdebulebas aqrobs.

meuRleebi erTmaneTis garantebi aRar arian, Tu maTi urTierToba

Zireulad Seryeulia da isini erTad aRar cxovroben. Tu qmari

karga xnis gacilebul cols sikvdilis safrTxes Tavidan ar

175

aacilebs, igi mxolod zogadadamianuri valdebulebis

SesuruleblobisaTvis, dauxmareblobisaTvis agebs pasuxs ssk

129-e muxliT.

rogorc wesi (anu arsebobs raRac gamonaklisi), garanti

valdebulia, daicvas ara mxolod Tavisi dacvis qveS myofis

sicocxle da janmrTeloba, aramed misi sxva samarTlebrivi

sikeTec.

magaliTi: mamis manqanas iparaven, calke mcxovrebi Svili ki arafers

akeTebs qurdobis Tavidan asacileblad, Tumca mas policiis gamoZaxeba da

qurdobis Tavidan acileba SeuZlia. igi pasuxs qurdobaSi umoqmedobiT

daxmarebisaTvis ssk (me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawili da

177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis a) punqti) agebs.

garantis movaleoba warmoiSobis safuZvelia aseve

samsaxurebrivi an profesiuli movaleoba, romelsac Sromis

xelSekruleba, anda kanonis udevs safuZvlad. eqimis

valdebulebaa, uSvelos avadmyofs, policielisa – daexmaros

danaSaulis potenciur msxverpls da Tavidan acilos danaSauli,

mexanZris valdebulebaa gadaarCinos cecxlwakidebul SenobaSi

myofi adamianebi da sxva sikeTe da Caaqros xanZari.

maswavlebeli Tavisi mcirewlovani (14 wlamde) moswavleebis

damcavi da zedamxedveli garantia, rodesac bavSvi (anu 18

wlamde asakis piri) gansazRvruli danaSaulis

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaks miaRwevs,

maswavlebels mis mimarT mxolod damcavi garantis movaleoba

akisria.

176

magaliTi: Tu eqskursiis dros maswavlebeli dainaxavs, rom misi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asaks miRweuli moswavle

qurdobs102 da igi arafers gaakeTebs qurdobis aRsakveTad, Tumca mas es

SeeZlo, maswavlebeli pasuxs ar agebs qurdobaSi umoqmedobiT

daxmarebisaTvis, (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawili da

177-e muxlis 1-li nawili), radgan misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis asaks miRweuli moswavlis mier qurdobis Tavidan

acileba mis movaleobas ar warmoadgens.

magaliTi: policieli dainaxavs, rom viRac qurdobs da araferi gaakeTebs

qurdobis aRsakveTad, Tumca mas es SeeZlo. policieli pasuxs qurdobaSi

umoqmedobiT daxmarebisaTvis (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, ssk 24-e muxlis

me-3 nawili da 177-e muxlis 1-li nawili) agebs, radgan danaSaulis Tavidan

acileba misi samsaxurebrivi movaleobaa.

mzrunveli da zedamxedveli garantis movaleoba cixis

TanamSromelsac ekisreba.

magaliTi: cixis zedamxedveli patimars sicocxlisaTvis arsebul safrTxes Tavidan

ar aacilebs da Sedegi dadgeba, anu patimars vinme moklavs. me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilis

winapirobebis arsebobisas zedamxedvelma pasuxi unda agos damamZimebel garemoebaSi

Cadenil mkvlelobaSi umoqmedobiT daxmarebisaTvis (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawili da 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b punqti).

fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos pasuxismgebeli muSaki

saavadmyofoSi moTavsebul Seuracxad pirTa mimarT aris

rogorc damcavi, aseve zedamxedveli garanti. igi pasuxs agebs

saavadmyofoSi moTavsebul Seuracxad pirTa mier Cadenili

umarTlobisaTvis (rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli

102 qurdobisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asakia 14 weli,

lekveiSvili/Todua, wignSi: mamulaSvili/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTlis kerZo

nawili, GTbilisi 2019, gv. 469.

177

umoqmedobiT), maT mimarT sxva Seuracxad pirTa mier Cadenili

umarTlobisa (rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli umoqmedobiT) an

maT mimarT Cadenili danaSaulebrivi qmedebisaTvis (daxmareba

umoqmedobiT), Tu igi pirdapiri ganzraxviT moqmedebs. Tu

fsiqiatriulis eqimi gaufrTxileblad ar asrulebs

zedamxedvelobis valdebulebas am saavadmyofos Seracxadi

avadmyofis mimarT da es avadmyofi danaSauls Caidens, germaniis

federaluri sasamarTlos mixedviT, eqimma gaufrTxilebeli

mkvlelobisaTvis unda agos pasuxi.

magaliTi: eqimebis qmedeba gamoixata fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi

moTavsebuli Seracxadi piris mokle droiT TavisuflebaSi gaSvebaSi,

romlis drosac am pirma ori kaci mokla.103 eqimebi sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis daisajnen.

janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis 38e- muxlis

Tanaxmad, eqimi movalea aRmouCinos pacients samedicino

daxmareba da uzrunvelyos misi uwyvetoba, Tu gamoxatulia

sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba an pacienti saWiroebs

gadaudebel samedicino daxmarebas, Sesabamisad, mkurnal eqims

garantis movaleoba ekisreba ara mxolod samsaxuris periodSi,

aramed maSinac, Tu is SvebulebaSia an pensiaze. policielis da

mexanZris garantis valdebuleba ki mxolod samsaxurebrivi

movaleobis SesrulebiT Semoifargleba. policielis da

mexanZris garantis valdebulebis ase SezRuduli gageba maTi

movaleobis mometebul safrTxeSi mdgomareobs.

103 BGHSt 49, 1 ff.

178

garantis movaleobas afuZnebs agreTve piris winare moqmedebac.

garantis movaleobis aRmocenebisaTvis safrTxis warmoSobis

gaTvaliswinebadobaa aucilebeli. Tu pirma Tavisi winare

upasuxismgeblo (gaufrTxilebeli) moqmedebiT safrTxe Seqmna,

igi valdebulia, Sedegi Tavidan aicilos. es safrTxe winare

moqmedebiT ganzrax ar unda iyos Seqmnili. Tu pirma winare

moqmedebiT safrTxe ganzrax Seqmna da Semdeg es safrTxe

Tavidan ar aicila, igi pasuxs ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis agebs.

sadavoa, afuZnebs Tu ara garantis movaleobas winare

socialurad adeqvaturi qmedeba. swori mosazrebis Tanaxmad,

socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebiT gamowveuli safrTxe mxolod

solidarul movaleobas afuZnebs da ara garantis movaleobas.104

magaliTi: mZRoli windaxedulobis normebis dacviT moZraobs.mis

avtomanqanas fexiT mosiarule win gadaurbens. msxverplis

gaufrTxileblobis Sedegad daSavdeba, mZRoli ki daSavebuls ar

daexmareba. es ukanaskneli martoden ssk 129-e muxliT, dauxmareblobisaTvis

agebs pasuxs da ara ssk 128-e muxliT, garantis mier gansacdelSi

mitovebisaTvis (Sedegis mimarT gaufrTxilebloba an eventualuri

ganzraxva). radgan mZRols safrTxe danaSaulebrivad ar daufuZnebia,

socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebis ganxorcielebisas pirs garantis metad

sapasuxismgeblo movaleobas ver davakisrebT.

aucilebeli mogeriebis dros Tavdamsxmelis dazianeba garantis

movaleobas ar warmoSobs, radgan Tavdamsxmelis mogerieba

winare socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebaa.

104 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 322-

323.

179

magaliTi: petrem yaCaRuri Tavdasxma moigeria, Tavdamsxmeli daWra da mas

Tavi mianeba. Tavdamsxmeli am daizianebis Sedegad gardaicvala.

aucilebeli mogeriebis ganmaxorcielebels Tavdamsxmelis

mimarT mxolod solidaruli movaleoba daekisreba. mocemul

magaliTSi Tavdamcveli pasuxs mxolod dauxmareblobisaTvis

agebs (ssk 129-e muxli).

safrTxis gamomwvev winare socialurad araadeqvatur moqmedebad

iTvleba adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis mavne produqtebis

warmoeba, rac garantis movaleobas afuZnebs.

garantis movaleobas afuZnebs aseve safrTxis wyaros

sakuTrebaSi an mflobelobaSi qona. garants misi safrTxis

wyaroTi Seqmnili safrTxis Tavidan acileba evaleba. winaaRmdeg

SemTxvevaSi igi windaxedulobis normis darRvevis gamo

gaufrTxileblobiT gamowveuli SedegisaTvis agebs pasuxs.

sawarmos mepatrone an sxva pasuxismgebeli piri pasuxs mis

ganmgeblobaSi arsebuli mometebuli safrTxis wyaros mier

miyenebuli zianisaTvis ssk XXXI TavSi (samuSaos warmoebisas

usafrTxoebis wesebis darRveva) gaTvaliswinebuli

qmedebebisaTvis agebs. damatebiTi pasuxismgebloba ssk me-8

muxlis me-3 nawiliT araa saWiro.

garantis movaleoba warmoiSoba movaleobis nebayoflobiT Tavis

Tavze aRebiT. aq pirTa Soris dadebul samoqalaqosamarTlebriv

xelSekrulebaze ki ara, aramed am movaleobis ganxorcielebis

faqtiurad sakuTar Tavze aRebazea saubari. garantis movaleobas

180

am SemTxvevaSi adamianTa Soris warmoSobili urTierTndoba

(ndobis principi) afuZnebs.

garantis movaleoba warmoeSobaT urTierTTanxmobiT Seqmnili

socialuri jgufis wevrebs, romlebic erTmaneTis Tanadgomis

imediT erTnairi safrTxis winaSe (mTamsvlelebi, polaruli

eqspediciis wevrebi da sxv.) dganan, erTmaneTis sicocxlis da

janmrTelobis damcveli (da ara zedamxedveli) garantebi

garantebi arian. urTierTTanxmobiT Seqmnili socialuri jgufis

wevrebis valdebuleba, daicvan erTmaneTis sicocxle da

janmrTeloba am jgufis daSlisTanave dasruldeba.

garantis movaleobas ar warmoSobs pirTa mier sxva sarisko

jgufebis dafuZneba, mag., narkotikebis erTad misaRebad an sxva

danaSaulebrivi saqmanobisaTvis. mag., yaCaRuri bandis wevrebi ar

iqnebian erTmaneTis garantebi.

garantis movaleobas ar warmoSoba maSin, rodesac adamianTa

erTad yofna mxolod SemTxveviT xasiaTs atarebs da maT

safrTxis warmoSobamde am safrTxis erTad daZleva ar

gadauwyvetiaT, mag., matareblis avariaSi moyolili mgzavrebi,

gemis mgzavrebi gemis katastrofis Semdeg da sxv.

magaliTi: Tu gemis katastrofis Semdeg ukacriel kunZlze mixvedrili

mgzavrebi sxva mgzavrs sicocxlisaTvis Seqmnil safrTxes Tavidan ar

aacileben, civilizaciaSi dabrunebis Semdeg isini pasuxs mxolod

dauxmareblobisaTvis (ssk 129-e muxli) ageben. mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, is,

rom msxverpli mxecebma SeWames. msxverplis sikvdils faqti mxolod

sasjelze moaxdens zegavlenas.

181

sxva mWidro adamianuri urTierTobebisas garantis movaleoba ar

warmoiSoba.

sadavoa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, aksiria Tu ara maspinZels garantis

valdebuleba misi stumris mimarT. am sakiTxze ramdenime

mosazrebis ganviTareba SeiZleba:

1. (saxlis) binis patroni erTdroulad mis binaSi myof

stumarTaTvis damcavi garantia, Tu (saxli) bina ukacriel

adgilasaa da amgvarad danaSaulis ganxorcielebisaTvis

xelSemwyobi pirobebi iqmneba.

2. binis xelSeuxeblobis uflebiT mosargeble maspinZeli me-8

muxlis me-3 nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebis

arsebobisas Tavadaa pasuxismgebeli Tavis WerqveS

ganxorcielebuli qmedebebisaTvis.

3. binis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba da saxlis specialuri

geografiuli mdgomareoba stumris mimarT maspinZLis

garantis movaleobas ar warmoSobs. Tu stumari safrTxeSi

Cavarda da maspinZeli mas ar miexmara, igi martoden ssk

129 -e muxliT agebs pasuxs.

Ygarantis movaleoba materialuri Sinaarsis mixedviT or

jgufad iyofa:

1. samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis

2. samarTlebrivi sikeTis zedamxedvelobis movaleoba.

182

Tu pirs sxva piris samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis

ganskuTrebuli movaleoba ekisreba, igi mzrunveli anu damcavi

garantia.

magaliTi: colma icoda, rom misi qmari unda moeklaT da araferi gaakeTa

mkvlelobis Tavidan asacileblad, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas, rogorc

mzrunvel garants es evaleboda da SeeZlo kidec. qmari mokles. qalma

amgvarad Caidina ara danaSaulis Seutyobinebloba (ssk 376-emuxli), aramed

mkvlelobaSi daxmareba umoqmedobiT (sssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili, ssk 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawili da 108-e muxlebi) agebs.

piri zedamxedveli garantia da mis gankargulebaSi myofi

safrTxis wyarosaTvis pasuxs agebs mxolod maSin, rodesac mas

safrTxis wyaros mimarT zedamxedvelobis funqcia akisria.

Seurcxad pirTa mimarT garants rogorc dacvis, aseve

zedamxedvelobis valdebuleba ekisreba, anu zogjer damcavi da

zedamxedveli garantis movaleobebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. mag.,

mcirewlovani Svilis mimarT mSobeli aris rogorc damcavi,

aseve zedamxedveli garanti. igi valdebulia, daicvas Svili

safrTxisagan da sxvaTa samarTlebrivi sikeTe – Tavisi

mcirewlovani Svilisagan.

zedamxedvelobis valdebuleba moicavs garantis valdebulebas,

Tavidan aicilos misi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi Seuracxadi

(asakis, sulieri mdgomareobis gamo) piris mier sxvaTa

samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofa. Tu garantis zedamxedvelobis

qveS myofma pirma sxvisi (an sakuTari) samarTlebrivi sikeTe

daaziana, qmedeba garantis mier ganzraxvis arsebobisas

yovelTvis SualobiTi amsruleblobaa.

183

magaliTi: dedam dainaxa, rom misma 10 wlis Svili mezoblis avtomanqanas

mniSvnelovnad azianebda. ssk 33-e muxlis mixedviT, 10 wlis bavSvi

Seuracxadia asakis gamo. deda misi zedamxedveli garantia da Tu igi

xedavs, Tu rogor azianebs misi Svili mezoblis avtomanqanas da arafers

akeTebs am mniSvnelovani dazianebis Tavidan asacileblad, igi pasuxs agebs

sxvisi nivTis dazianebisaTvis umoqmedobiT (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilida

187-e muxlis 1-li nawili). deda SualobiTi amsrulebelia umoqmedobiT, misi

mcirewlovani Svili ki „cocxali iaraRi“.

Tu Seuracxadi (sulierad avadmyofi da arasrulwlovani)

TviTsafrTxes qmnis, damcavi garanti valdebulia, mizezobriobis

ganviTarebaSi Caerios da Seqmnili TviTsafrTxe gaaneitralos.

Tu Seuracxadi (sulierad avadmyofi da arasrulwlovani)

TviTsafrTxes Seqmnis da damcavi garanti mizezobriobis

ganviTarebaSi ar Caereva, Seqmnil TviTsafrTxes ar

gaaneitralebs da Seuracxadi Tavis Tavs vnebs, magaliTad, am

qmedebiT Tavs moiklavs, damcavi garanti mkvlelobis SualobiTi

amsrulebelia („cocxali iaraRi sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg“)

umoqmedobiT (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 108-e muxli).

Seracxad axlobelTa mimarT garants mxolod maTi dacvis da

ara maTi zedamxedvelobis valdebuleba akisria. Seracxadi da

srulwlovani piris mier TviTsafrTxis Seqmnisas garanti

samarTlebrivad araa valdebuli, gaaneitralos es TviTsafrTxe.

obieqturi Seracxvis instituts Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

srulwlovani da Seracxadi piris mier Seqmnili TviTsafrTxe

axlobeli naTesavis umoqmedobasa da Sedegs Soris arsebul

Seracxvis kavSirs wyvets. aseve ar agebs damcavi garanti

184

sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs, Tu igi Tavisi dacvis qveS myof

axlobels TviTmkvlelobaSi xels ar SeuSlis.

magaliTi: petres mZime avadmyofi deda TviTmkvlelobis mizniT wamals

dalevs da petre mas TviTmkvlelobaSi xels ar SeuSlis, igi umoqmedobiT

mkvlelobisaTvis (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 108-e muxli) pasuxs ar

agebs.

damcavi garantis mier Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi pirisaTvis

TviTmkvlelobaSi xelSeuSlelobis dausjeloba Semdegnairad

dasabuTdeba: Tanamonawileobs aqcesoruli xasiaTidan

gamomdinare, damcavi garanti maSinac ar agebda

sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs, Tu igi Tavis mZime avadmyof

dedas TviTmkvlelobaSi aqtiurad daexmareboda, mag., mas Tavis

mosaklavad wamals gadascemda. radgan sisxlis samarTali

garants Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi piris TviTmkvlelobaSi

aqtiuri daxmarebisaTvis ar sjis, Sesabamisad, miT ufro

argumentidan gamomdinare, Tu dasjadi araa TviTmkvlelobaSi

aqtiuri xelSewyoba garantis mier, miT ufro dasjadi ar unda

iyos piris umoqmedoba da axloblis TviTmkvlelobis Tavidan

aucilebloba.

sakiTxavia, daisjeba Tu ara garanti maSin, rodesac misi dacvis

qveS myofma axlobelma Tavis mokvla ver SeZlo,

gonebadakargulia, garants misi gadarCena SeuZlia, Sedegis

Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobac arsebobs, magram igi ar

moqmedebs da sasikvdilo Sedegi dgeba? am dros ori

sxvadasxvagvari Sexedulebis ganviTareba SeiZleba:

185

1. erTi Sexedulebis mixedviT, garanti misi dacvis qveS myofi

piris xelmocaruli TviTmkvlelobisas daxmarebis

aRmouCenlobis magaliTiSi umoqmedobiT Cadenili

mkvlelobisaTvis unda daisajos, radgan TviTmkvlelobis

mcdeli piri qmedebaze ukve aRar batonobs da qmedebaze

batonoba garantzea gadasuli.

2. garanti ar daisjeba. alogikuria misi dasja misi dacvis

qveS myofi piris xelmocaruli TviTmkvlelobisas

daxmarebis aRmouCenlobis, anu umoqmedobisaTvis, roca

kanoni mas TviTmkvelobaSi aqtiuri daxmarebisaTvis ar

sjis.

germaniis federaluri sasamarTlo TviTmkvlelobis mcdelis

ugonobisas garantis sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas

asabuTebda amgvar magaliTSi qmedebaze batonobis garantze

gadasvlis argumentiT. 2019 wels germaniis federalurma

sasamarTlom es Sexeduleba diametralurad Secvala da miiRo

gadawyvetileba, romelSic uaria naTqvami garantis dacvis

valdebulebaze, Tu misi dacvis qveS myofma TviTmkvlelma

TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb cnobieri gadawyvetileba miiRo da

TviTmkvlelobis cdisas goneba dakarga. am magaliTiSi garantze

dakisrebul gadarCenis valdebulebas TviTmkvlelis

TviTgamorkvevis (TviTgansazRvris) ufleba gadawonis.105

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis albaTobis xarisxi – esaa

realobasTan axlos mdgomi albaTobis maRali xarisxi, anu

105 Urt. v. 03.07.2019 / 5 StR 393/18, https://www.hrr-strafrecht.de/hrr/5/18/5-393-18.php (01.06.2020).

186

yovelgvari eWvis gamomricxavi albaToba, 99, 8 - 99,9 %. Tu

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis albaTobis xarisxi mocemul

procentul monacemze naklebia, piri ganzraxi umoqmedobisas

mcdelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs, gaufrTxilebeli umoqmedobisas ki

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan saerTod

gaTavisufldeba.

samarTalSedarebiTi masala: germanul literaturaSi Camoyalibebuli

riskis amaRlebis (gazrdis) Teoriis mixedviT, Tu SeuZlebelia dadgena

imisa, Sedegi Tavidan acilebuli iqneboda Tu ara, piri unda daisajos, Tu

igi samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis Seqmnil safrTxes Tavidan ar aicilebs da

damdgar SedegSi swored is safrTxe ganxorcieldeba, romlis Tavidan

acilebac piris valdebuleba iyo. riskis amaRlebis Teorias Semdegnairad

akritikeben: igi Sedegian deliqtebs safrTxis deliqtebad gadaaqcevs da in

dubio pro reo princips ewinaaRmdegeba.

qarTveli kanonmdebeli riskis amaRlebis Teorias ar iziarebs, radgan ssk

me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili moiTxovs ara umoqmedobiT Sedegis dadgomis riskis

amaRlebas, aramed kategoriulad miuTiTebs, rom hipoTeturad, savaldebulo

da SesaZlebeli moqmedebiT Sedegis Tavidan acileba calsaxad

SesaZlebeli unda iyos.

umoqmedobis mizezobriobis meore niSania danaSaulebrivi

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis individualuri SesaZlebloba, rac

umoqmedobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis erT-erTi safuZvlia. misi

laTinuri formulaa ultra posse nemo obligatur. danaSaulebrivi

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis individualuri SesaZlebloba

gamoiricxeba maSin, rodesac piri saerTod araa SemTxvevis

adgilze (Tavidan acilebis obieqturi SesaZleblobis

187

ararseboba) anda mas saTanado codna ar gaaCnia (mag., ar icis

curva).

magaliTi: petre da misi coli Ria zRvaSi iaxtaze imyofebdonen. uceb misi

coli wyalSi gadavarda. petres Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi wyalSi

Cavardnili colis gadarCenis movaleoba ar daekisreba, Tu man curva ar

icis. kanonmdebeli mas arc saarako gmirobis Cadenas avaldebulebs da arc

Tavisi Tavis uSedegod safrTxeSi Cayenebas. petres erTaderTi movaleoba

colisaTvis maSveli rgolis gadagdebaa. Tu qali maSvel rgols ver

miswvdeba da daixrCoba, petre pasuxs umoqmedobiT mkvlelobisaTvis ar

agebs.

garantis valdebuleba gamoiricxeba maSinac, Tu mas

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacva mxolod sakuTari

TanabarmniSvnelovani sikeTis xelyofiT SeuZlia.

3 umoqmedobis marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxva

rogorc moqmedebis, aseve umoqmedobisasac qmedebis

Semadgenlobis Sesruleba rogorc wesi, am qmedebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobasac gulisxmobs da marTlwinaaRmdegoba

specialuri garemoebis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamoiricxos.

umoqmedobisas marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxvel specialur

garemoebas movaleobaTa kolizia warmoadgens.

movaleobaTa koliziisas saxezea moqmedebis ramdenime

valdebuleba. Tu garanti kolidirebuli samarTlebrivi

valdebulebidan mxolod erTs Seasrulebs, radgan mas mxolod

erTi valdebulebis dacvis SesaZebloba aqvs, pasuxismgebloba

gamoiricxeba ara mizezobrivi kavSiris, anu daRupuli

188

samarTlebrivi sikeTis mimarT daxmarebis individualuri

SesaZleblobis ararsebobis, aramed movaleobaTa koliziis gamo.

movaleobaTa koliziisas SesaZlebelia mtkiceba imisa, rom

valdebulebis SeusruleblobiT samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis

zianis miyeneba marTlsawinaaRmdego umoqmedobaa da piri ar

daisjeba martoden bralis gamoricxvis gamo.106

gacilebiT ufro damajerebelia movaleobaTa koliziisas

marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamoricxva, radgan Tu ori samarTlebrivi

sikeTis erTad gadarCena SeuZlebelia, moqmedebs uZvelesi

principi - ultra posse nemo obligatur - aravis evaleba, SeZlos

SeuZlebeli.

magaliTi: eqims erTdroulad or mZime pacients miuyvanen, romlebsac

Tanabrad sWirdebaT sasunTqi aparati. eqims mxolod erTi sasunTqi aparati

aqvs. igi sasunTq aparats erT avadmyofs miuerTebs, meore ki amasobaSi

gardaicvleba, eqimis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba

mxolod movaleobaTa koliziis safuZvelze, marTlwinaaRmdegobis

ararsebobis argumentiT.

rodesac koliziaSia damcavi garantis da zogadadamianuri,

solidaruli movaleoba, anu aq saxezea „movaleobaTa

konkurencia“107, SesaZlebelia ori gansxvavebuli mosazrebis

ganviTareba. SeiZleba mtkiceba imisa, rom „movaleobaTa

konkurenciisas“ marTlwinaaRmdegoba gamoircxeba, radgan

106 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S S. 183.

107 dvaliZe, wignSi: dvaliZe/naWyebia (red.) sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2007,

gv. 286.

189

mTavaria is, rom pirma adamianis sicocxle gadaarCina da ara is,

Tu romeli movaleoba Seasrula, garantis Tu solidaruli.

SeiZleba sxva Sexedulebis ganviTareba da mtkiceba imisa, rom

piri valdebulia garantis movaleoba Seasrulos. rodesac piri

solidarul movaleobas Seasrulebs da ara garantisas, qmedeba

marTlsawinaaRmdegoa, magram brali unda gamoiricxos, radgan

zogadad adamianis gadarCena gasakicxi araa.

rodesac garantis valdebulebebi sxvadasxva ierarqiul

safexurze mdgom samarTlebriv sikeTeebs exeba (sicocxle da

qoneba), garanti valdebulia, maRal ierarqiul safexurze mdgomi

samarTlebrivi sikeTe (sicocxle) gadaarCinos.

Tu pirs erTdroulad sxvadasxva ierarqiul safexurze myofi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gadarCenis valdebuleba warmoeSoba, igi

dabal ierarqiul safexurze myof samarTlebriv sikeTes

gadaarCens da amasobaSi maRal ierarqiul safexurze myofi

sikeTe ganadgurdeba, igi am sikeTis umoqmedobiT xelyofisaTvis

agebs pasuxs.

magaliTi: petrem Tavisi cecxlwakidebuli saxlidan gamoiyvana ara

avadmyofi da moxuci deda, aramed Tavisi kompiuteri gamoitana. amasobaSi

misi deda cecxlSi daiwva. petre umoqmedobiT mkvlelobisaTvis agebs

pasuxs (ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawiliT da 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b) punqti).

190

3 bralis problemebi umoqmedobis dros

ganzrxva umoqmedobis drosac108 qmedebis obieqturi mxaris yvela

niSans unda moicavdes. pirma unda icodes safrTxis arsebobis

da Tavisi garantis movaleobis Sesaxeb. Tu pirma safrTxis

arsebobis Sesaxeb araferi icis, anda ar icis, rom safrTxis

Tavidan acilebis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, igi saqmis faqtobriv

garemoebebSi cdeba da man ukidures SemTxvevaSi, windaxedulobis

normis darRvevisas, mxolod gaufrTxileblobisaTvis unda agos

pasuxi.

umoqmedobisas ganzraxva SeiZleba iyos rogorc pirdapiri, aseve

eventualuri. Tu Sedegi ar dadga da piri am Sedegis mimarT

eventualuri ganzraxviT moqmedebda, igi pasuxs eventualuri

ganzraxviT mcdelobisTvis ki ara mxolod ssk 128-e muxliT

(gansacdelSi mitoveba) agebs. ra Tqma unda, eventualuri

ganzraxviT mcdelobis momxreebi sxva daskvnamde mivlen da

umoqmedobiT eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis dasabuTebas

Seecdebian.

Secdoma umoqmedobisas SeiZleba iyos:

1. Secdoma safrTxis arsebobaze (faqtobrivi Secdoma)

2. Secdoma safrTxeSi Cavardnili piris identifikaciaSi (error

in persona) mag., pirma ar icis, rom safrTxeSi Cavardnili misi

Svilia. amgvari Secdoma faqtobrivi Secdomaa.

108Aganzraxvis samive niSani neoklasikur moZRvebaze dazrdnobiT ganxilulia bralSi.

191

3. Secdoma garantis movaleobis arsebobaze. mag., pirma icis,

rom igi safrTxeSi Cavardnilis axlo naTesavia, magram mas

hgonia, rom mas axlo naTesavis garantis movaleoba ar

ekisreba. amgvari Secdoma iuridiuli Secdomaa.

Tu damcvelma an zedamxedvelma garantma safrTxe ver aRiqva da

es safrTxe sxva piris mier aRikveTa, garanti pasuxs

gaufrTxilebeli mcdelobis dogmatikuri institutis

ararsebobis gamo ar agebs.

Tu piri safrTxeSi Cavardnilis identifikaciaSi cdeba (error in

persona) hgonia, rom safrTxeSi Cavardnili misi axlo naTesavi ki

ara, mezobelia, mas ar mieSveleba da axlo naTesavi am safrTxis

Sedegad gardaicvleba, igi faqtobriv Secdomas uSvebs, cdeba

garantis mdgomareobis arsebobaSi. pirma pasuxi ssk 129-e muxliT

ar unda agos, radgan dauxmarebloba sxva piris mimarT mxolod

mis warmodgenaSia da ara sinamdvileSi. aq ssk 129-e muxlTan

mimarTebaSi saqme gvaqvs putatiur danaSaulTan. faqtobrivi

Secdoma safrTxeSi Cavardnili piris araswori identifikaciisas

Secdomaa garantis mdgomareobis arsebobaze. es Secdoma

miutevebelia da miutevebeli faqtobrivi Secdomisas pirma

sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis unda agos pasuxi

(ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 116-e muxli).

Tu piri garantis movaleobis arsebobaSi cdeba, anu mas hgonia,

rom mas axlo naTesavis daxmareba ar evaleba, igi Secdomas

uSvebs akrZalvaSi. klasikuri deliqtebis mimarT ssk 36-e muxli

akrZalvaSi Secdomis Sesaxeb ar gamoiyeneba. Sesabamisad piri

192

umoqmedobiT Cadenili ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs

(ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b)

punqti).

bralis gamoricxva Sereuli umoqmedobisas ar gansxvavdeba

moqmedebisas bralis gamoricxvisgan. Urogorc moqmedebis, aseve

umoqmedobisas brali gamoiricxeba ssk 33-e muxliT (Seuracxaoba

asakis gamo) da ssk 34-e muxliT (Seuracxaoba fsiqikuri

daavadebis gamo), anda brZanebis an gankargulebis Sesrulebisas

(ssk 37-e muxli), rodesac piri, romelmac umoqmedobis brZaneba an

gankarguleba miiRo, umoqmedobs am brZanebis an gankargulebis

marTlwinaaRmdegobis winaswari Secnobis gareSe.

umoqmedobisas bralis gamomricxvel zekanonuri garemoebad

SeiZleba CavTvaloT garantisagan samarTlebrivi valdebulebis

ganxorcielebis moTxovnis miuRebloba (Unzumutbarkeit).109

klasikuri magaliTi: avtoavariis dros sasowarkveTili qali qmris

gadasarCenad droze ver daukavSirdeba saswrafos, radgan am dros igi

Svilebis gardacvalebis gamo SokSia Cavardnili.

amgvar gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi adamianisagan samarTlebrivi

valdebulebis ganxorcielebis moTxovna miuRebelia.

germanul sisxlis samarTalSi umoqmedobis dausjeloba ara

mxolod dasaxelebul eqstremalur situaciaSi, aramed zogadad

garantisagan samarTlebrivi valdebulebis ganxorcielebis

moTxovnis dauSveblobas ukavSirdeba. dauSvebelia, samarTalma


193

pirisagan normis Sesabamisi moqmedeba moiTxovos, Tuki igi am

movaleobis Sesrulebisas igi sakuTar eTikurad Rirebul,

mniSvnelovan interess xelyofs.110 qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

ki amgvari moTxovnis miuRebloba wminda umoqmedobis deliqtSi,

ssk 129-e muxlSi, pirdapir SemadgenlobaSia miTiTebuli (Tu

damnaSaves SeeZlo misi daxmareba TavisTvis an sxvisTvis

seriozuli safrTxis Seqmnis gareSe) da Sesabamisad, amgvari

SemTxvevebisas brali ki ara, qmedebis Semadgenloba

gamoiricxeba.

ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilSi ki umoqmedobis mizezobriobis erT-

erTi winapirobaa is, rom pirs moqmedeba unda SeeZlos (hqonda

aseTi moqmedebis SesaZlebloba), rac aseve TavisTvis an

sxvisTvis seriozuli safrTxis Seqmnis gareSe moqmedebis

SesaZleblobas gulisxmobs. Sesabamisad, qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi samarTali pirs ar avalebs moqmedebas da

gamoricxavs umoqmedobis mizezobriobas ssk me-8 muxlis me-3

nawiliT, Tuki igi valdebulebis Sesrulebisas sakuTari

TavisaTvis an sxvisTvis seriozuli safrTxes Seqmnida.

4 umoqmedobis momzadeba da mcdeloba

wminda umoqmedobis dros, rodesac isjeba Tavad qmedeba da

Sedegis dadgomas yuradReba ar eqceva, danaSaulis momzadeba

(arsebobs gamonaklisebi) da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia. mag.,

SeuZlebelia Seutyobineblobis momzadeba da mcdeloba (ssk

376 -e muxli), radgan Tu pirma namdvilad icis, rom mzaddeba an

110 Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 3. Aufl., Heidelberg 2001, S. 183

194

Cadenilia mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli da ar

atyobinebs saTanado organoebs, igi ukve qmedebis Semadgenlobas

asrulebs.

mecnierebaSi gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi wminda umoqmedobis

momzadebas dasaSvebad Tvlian.

magaliTi: piri mowmedaa dabarebuli sasamarTloSi. igi Soreul adgilas

miemgzavreba, saidanac dabruneba da Cvenebis micema mas ar SeuZlia.111

amgvari SemTxvevebi Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis

gamoyenebiT Cvenebis micemis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare,

momzadebad aRar unda CaiTvalos. amasTan, ssk 371-e muxls

(Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma) naklebad mZime danaSaulia da

radgan misi dasjadoba ssk me-18 muxlis me-2 nawilSi araa

gaTvaliswinebuli, sakiTxis gadawyveta dReisaTvis yovelgvar

sisxlissamarTlebriv mniSvnelobas moklebulia.

aseve SeuZlebelia dauxmareblobis (ssk 129-e muxli) momzadeba

da mcdeloba. am muxliT isjeba daxmarebis solidaruli

valdebulebis Seusrulebloba aragarantis mier. iqamde, sanam

valdebulebis Sesrulebis dro ar damdgara, umoqmedobac araa

saxeze. Tu valdebulebis Sesrulebis dro dadga da pirma es

valdebuleba ar Seasrula, qmedeba ukve damTavrebuli

danaSaulia.

Sereuli umoqmedobisas SesaZlebelia rogorc danaSaulis

momzadeba, aseve mcdeloba. momzadeba Sereuli umoqmedobis dros

111 dvaliZe, wignSi: dvaliZe/naWyebia (red.) sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2007,

gv. 178.

195

gvaqvs maSin, rodesac garanti masze dakisrebul samarTlebriv

movaleobas ar Seasrulebs da amgvarad samarTlebriv sikeTes

abstraqtul safrTxes uqmnis.

magaliTi: petres colma SemTxveviT gaigo, rom mavani RamiT petres manqanis

moparvas apirebda da misTvis saqmis gasaioleblad arc signalizacia ar

CarTo da arc garaJis kari daketa. saRamos mivlinebidan droze adre

dabrunebulma petrem signalizacia CarTo da garaJis kari Tavad daketa.

mavani garaJSi ver Sevida. petres colma Tavisi umoqmedobiT sxvis mier

aqtiuri qmedebiT gansaxorcielebeli danaSauli moamzada, Seqmna pirobebi

danaSaulis Casadenad.

Sereuli umoqmedobiT momzadeba socialurad adeqvaturi

qmedebisagan mxolod subieqturi mxriv gansxvavdeba, amitomac

amgvari qmedebis dasjadoba unda gamoiricxos. Sereuli

umoqmedobis momzadeba mxolod maSin unda iyos dasjadi,

rodesac qmedeba mcdelobas miuaxlovdeba da obieqturi mxriv

socialuri adeqvatobis sazRvars gadascdeba.

mcdeloba Sereuli umoqmedobis dros saxezea maSin, rodesac

piri konkretul safrTxes ar aneitralebs da amgvarad

samarTlebrivi sikeTis dacvis valdebulebas arRvevs. Sereuli

umoqmedobis mcdelobad unda CaiTvalos samarTlebrivi

sikeTisaTvis konkretuli safrTxis Tavidan acilebis pirvelive

Sansis gamouyenebloba.112

magaliTi: Sereuli umoqmedobiT mcdeloba gveqneba maSin, rodesac eqimi

saSineli tkiviliT Sewuxebul sakuTar cols saavadmyofoSi ar waiyvans,

miuxedavad imisa, rom man icis colis daavadebis Sesaxeb. Tu igi Setevis

112 safrTxis Sefasebis winapirobebTan dakavSirebiT ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis

gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 345.

196

dawyebidan karga xnis Semdeg gonebadakargul cols saavadmyofoSi

gaaqanebs, qmedeba Sereuli umoqmedobiT mcdelobaze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebad unda dakvalificirdes.113

danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba Sereuli umoqmedobiT

advili SesaZlebelia maSin, rodesac garanti Tavisi

zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi piris mier ganxorcielebul

danaSaulis momzadebasa da mcdelobas xels ar SeuSlis.

magaliTi: petre Tavis 13 wlis Svils danaSaulis momzadebaSi xels

pirdapiri ganzraxviT ar SeuSlis. amgvarad igi, rogorc SualobiTi

amsrulebeli, danaSauls umoqmedobiT amzadebs. petre Tavisi

zedamxedvelobis qveS myofs pirdapiri ganzraxviT arc maSin uSlis xels,

rodesac igi msxvepls Tofs esvris da aacilebs. amjerad petre danaSaulis

mcdelobas axorcielebs umoqmedobiT, rogorc SualobiTi amsrulebeli.

moqmedebiT Cadenili danaSaulis umoqmedobiT momzadeba advili

SesaZlebelia Tanamonawileobisas.

magaliTi: colma icis, rom misi qmris mosaklavad pirobebi mzaddeba da

qmris dasacavad arafers akeTebs. imis mixedviT, Tu sad SeCerdeba misi

qmris winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba, colis qmedeba sxvadasxvanairad

dakvalificirdeba. igi pasuxs agebs danaSaulis momzadebaSi, mcdelobaSi an

damTavrebul danaSaulSi umoqmedobiT daxmarebisaTvis (ssk 24-e muxlis me-3

nawili, me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili da 108-e muxli).

is, rom amsrulebelma araferi icis colis umoqmedobiT

mxardaWeris Sesaxeb, colis mier umoqmedobiT ganxorcielebul

daxmarebas da mis dasjadobas ar gamoricxavs, radgan

aucilebeli araa amsrulebelma icodes, rom mas exmarebian.

113 UumoqmedobiT mcdelobis problemebi dawvrilebiT ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi,

danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 347.

197

5 danaSaulze xelis aReba Sereuli umoqmedobisas

Sereuli umoqmedobisas pirma SeiZleba danaSaulze moqmedebiT

nebayoflobiT aiRos xeli. moqmedebiT Cadenil danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis aReba, rogorc wesi, SesaZlebelia rogorc

umoqmedobiT (daumTavrebeli mcdeloba), aseve moqmedebiT

(damTavrebuli mcdeloba). Sereuli umoqmedobisas ki

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis asaRebad yovelTvis moqmedebaa

saWiro, amitomac Sereuli umoqmedobisas mcdelobis dayofas

damTavrebulad da daumTavreblad araviTari dogmatikuri

mniSvneloba ar eniWeba.

6 Tanamonawileoba Sereuli umoqmedobisas

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba:

1. garantis umoqmedobaSi aragarantis Tanamonawileoba

moqmedebiT da

2. aragarantis moqmedebaSi garantis monawileoba umoqmedobiT.

SesaZlebelia garantis waqezeba umoqmedobiT

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis gamowvevisaken. SesaZlebelia aseve

misi daxmareba rCeva-darigebiT. amgvarad gveqneba moqmedebiT

Tanamonawileoba garantis umoqmedobaSi. Tu garanti sxvas

Tavisi dacvis qveS myofis mimarT danaSaulis CadenaSi xels ar

SeuSlis, gveqneba aragarantis aqtiur moqmedebaSi garantis

Tanamonawileoba (daxmareba) umoqmedobiT.

198

Tanaamsrulebloba Sereuli umoqmedobisas maSin gveqneba,

rodesac garantebi erTiani miznis misaRwevad, saerTo gegmis

safuZvelze, dakisrebul movaleobas ar asruleben. amgvar

SemTxvevebSi garants sakuTari umoqmedobT gamowveuli Sedegi

Seeracxeba da qmedeba jgufurad Cadenilad dakvalificirdeba

(sadavo sakiTxi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi).

garanti, romelic Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi piris mimarT Cadenil

aqtiur qmedebas xels ar SeuSlis, yovelTvis damxmarea. garanti,

romelic Tavisi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi piris

(Seracxvauunaros) mier Cadenil qmedebas xels ganzrax ar

SeuSlis, yovelTvis SualobiTi amsrulebelia.114

7 Sereuli umoqmedoba gaufrTxilebobiT

Sereuli umoqmedoba gaufrTxilebladac SeiZleba iqnas

Cadenili. piri gaufrTxilebeli Sereuli umoqmedobisaTvis

daisjeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu am gaufrTxilebeli qmedebis

dasjadoba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSia gaTvaliswinebuli.115

114 ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, danaSaulis gamovlinebis

calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 354-360.

115 dawvrilebiT gaufrTxilebeli Sereuli umoqmedobis Sesaxeb ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi,

danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 362-dan.

199

erTpirovnuli amsruleblis mier umoqmedobiT Cadenili

danaSaulis momzadebis sqema

Sesavali: danaSaulis daumTavrebloba da danaSaulis

momzadebis dasjadoba (ssk me-18 muxlis me-2 nawili)


1. momzadebis subieqturi mxare – ganzraxva

2. momzadebis obieqturi mxare - momzadebuli pirobebis

vargisianoba danaSaulebrivi Sedegis gamosawvevad;

qmedebis socialuri adeqvaturobis gamoricxva; qmedebiT

Seqmnili abstraqtuli safrTxe


III. brali


danaSaulis mcdelobis sqema


1. qmedebis subieqturi mxare - ganzraxva, romelic

danaSaulis obieqtur mxares moicavs

200

2. qmedebis obieqturi mxare - umoqmedoba, uSualod

mimarTuli danaSaulis Casadenad - obieqtisaTvis

Seqmnili konkretuli safrTxis Tavidan aucilebloba


III. brali

IV. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba


ganzraxi damTavrebuli danaSaulis sqema


1. qmedebis obieqturi mxare

(1) Sedegi

(2) umoqmedobis mizezobrioba me-8 muxlis me-3

nawiliT:

1) garantis valdebuleba

2) obieqturad SesaZlo qmedebs ganuxorcielebloba

3) Sedegis Tavidan acilebis SesaZlebloba

201

4) obieqturi Seracxva (SedegSi is safrTxe unda

ganxorcieldes, romelic pirma Tavisi

umoqmedobiT Tavidan ar aicila)

2. qmedebis subieqturi mxare - ganzraxva (Tu

neofinalizms viziarebT)

II. marTwinaaRmdegoba

III. brali -

1. bralunarianoba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba / ganzraxva Tavisi samive

niSniT (Tu neoklasikur agebulebas viziarebT)116

3. bralis gamomricxveli garemoebebi

umoqmedobiT Cadenili gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis sqema


1. Sedegis dadgoma umoqmedobiT

2. umoqmedobasa da Sedegs Soris mizezobrivi kavSiri

116 kazusis amoxsnisas unda gaviziaroT an neofinaluri da an neoklasikuri agebuleba.

kazusis amoxsnisas saubari imaze, Tu romeli agebuleba avirCieT, araa saWiro. aseve araa

saWiro saubari imaze, Tu romeli agebulebaa qarTulis ssk-is Sesabamisi. praqtikuli

xasiaTis rCeva – zedmeti garTulebebis Tavidan asacileblad mxedvelobaSi miiReT is

agebuleba, romelsac Tavad sagnis leqtori gTavazobT.

202

1) garantis funqcia

2) obieqturad SesaZlo qmedebis ganuxorcielebloba

3) savaldebulo da SesaZlebeli qmedebiT Sedegis Tavidan

acilebis SesaZlebloba (Sedegis obieqturi Seracxva)


III. brali

1. bralunarianoba


VI gaufrTxilebloba

1 gaufrTxileblobis dogmatikuri safuZvlebi

samarTlebrivi sikeTe SeiZleba xelyofil iqnas ganzrax (ssk

me -9 muxli), gaufrTxileblad (ssk me-10 muxli) da ganzraxva-

gaufrTxileblobis kombinaciiT (SedegiT kvalificirebuli

deliqti, ssk me-11 muxli).

ssk me-10 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, gaufrTxileblad

Cadenili qmedeba mxolod maSin isjeba, rodesac es

specialuradaa miTiTebuli sisxlis samarTlis Sesabamis

muxlSi. dasjadia mag., sicocxlis gafrTxilebeli mospoba

(ssk 116-e muxli) anda nivTis dazianeba an ganadgureba

203

gaufrTxileblobiT (ssk 188-e muxli). gamoricxulia

gaufrTxilebeli qmedebis dasjadoba, Tu es qmedeba sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi pirdapir araa gaTvaliswinebuli (ssk me-10

muxlis me-4 nawili).

gaufrTxilebeli TviTimedovneba nebiT marTuli an marTvadi, anu

nebelobiTi qmedebaa. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-10 muxlSi

gaTvaliswinebulia gaufrTxileblobis Semdegi saxeebi:

danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovneba (ssk me-10 muxlis me-2 nawili) da

danaSaulebrivi daudevroba (ssk me-10 muxlis me-3 nawili).

sisxlis samarTalSi damatebiT saubroben aseve uxeS

gaufrTxileblobaze, rogorc gaufrTxileblobis mesame saxeze.117

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi uxeS gaufrTxileblobas

ar iTvaliswinebs, gansxvavebiT qarTuli samoqalaqo

samarTlisagan, sadac yuradRebianobis darRvevis xarisxis

mixedviT erTmaneTisagan safexurebrivad martiv da uxeS

gaufrTxileblobas (ix. samoq. samarTlis kodeqsis 829-e muxli)

ganasxvaveben.

dasjadi gaufrTxilebloba saxezea windaxedulobis dawerili

da dauwereli normebis darRveviT Sedegis dadgomisas.

windaxedulobis dawerili normebia, mag., saqarTvelos kanoni

sagzao moZraobis Sesaxeb. windaxedulobis dauwereli normebia

adamianTa Tanacxovrebis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli normebi.

magaliTi: petrem gafuWebuli uTo meaTe sarTulis fanjridan dabla

gadaagdo. uTo pavles jiSian cxens moxvda TavSi da adgilzeve mokla.

117 Hilgendorf, Recht, Band I, Grundlagen, Staatsrecht, Strafrecht, 3. Auflage, München 2012, S. 187.

204

petrem gafuWebuli uTos meaTe sarTulis fanjridan dabla gadagdebiT

windaxedulobis dauwereli norma daarRvia, amgvarad jiSiani cxeni mokla

da mis patrons mniSvnelovani ziani miayena. Sesabamisad, man sxvisi nivTis

gaufrTxileblobiT dazianebis Semadgenloba ganaxorciela (ssk 188-e 1-li

nawili).

ssk me-10 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, danaSaulebrivi

TviTimedovneba118 (luxuria) moicavs windaxedulobis normis

gacnobierebas, marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis

SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebas da Sedegis Tavidan acilebis

usafuZvlo imeds. danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovneba Sedgeba

rogorc codnis (kognitiuri), aseve nebelobis (voluntatiuri)

elementebisagan. TviTimedovnebaSi codnis elementis arsebobis

gamo gaufrTxileblobis am saxes SeiZleba aseve

gacnobierebuli gaufrTxilebloba vuwodoT.

erTi SexedviT eventualuri ganzraxvis da TviTimedovnebis

codnis da nebelobis elementebi erTmaneTs hgavs. rogorc

eventualuri ganzraxva (ssk me-9 muxlis me-3 nawili), aseve

TviTimedovneba (ssk me-10 muxlis me-2 nawili) Sedegis dadgomis

SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebas moicavs. kanonmdebeli maTi

codnis elements erTmaneTsagan ar ganasxvavebs. kanonmdebeli

ssk me-9 muxlis me-3 nawilSi miuTiTebs, rom eventualuri

ganzraxvisas pirs Sedegis dadgoma ar surda, magram Segnebulad

uSvebda an gulgrilad ekideboda mis dadgomas. am dros Sedegis

118 oTar gamyreliZe termins «TviTimedovneba» rusulis zegavleniT Seqmnilad Tvlis da

mis sanacvlod qarTul termins, «windauxedaobas» gvTavazobs. ix. gamyreliZe,

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 116.

205

dadgomis survilis ararseboba xazs usvams damdgari Sedegis

mimarT piris indiferentul damokidebulebas. TviTimedovnebisas

ki pirs Sedegis dadgoma ar surs da mis Tavidan acilebas

usafuZvlod imedovnebs. eventualuri ganzraxvis dros piri

konkretuli marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis realur dadgomas

iTvaliswinebs, TviTimedovnebis dros ki mas am Sedegis dadgoma

abstraqtulad warmoudgenia, magram darwmunebulia, rom am

mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi es Sedegi ar dadgeba. swored

es darwmuneba imaSi, rom Sedegi ar dadgeba, „asabuTebs

TviTimedovnebas da gamoricxavs evetualur ganzraxvas.~119

TviTimedovnebisas piris rwmena, rom danaSaulebrivi Sedegi ar

ganxorcieldeba, konkretul garemoebebs, xSirad moqmedis mier

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gadametebuli rwmenas emyareba, Tumca

eventualuri ganzraxvisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli litoni

imedisagan gansxvavdeba.120 eventualuri ganzraxvisas piri

hipoTeturad ambobs: «me vimoqmedeb da moxdes, rac mosaxdenia!»

danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebisas kipiri hipoTeturad ambobs:

«me vimoqmedeb, radgan araferi moxdeba!»121

danaSaulebrivi daudevroba (negligentia) ssk me-10 muxlis me-3

nawiliT Semdeg elementebs moicavs: windaxedulobis normiT

119 mayaSvili, wignSi: wereTeli/tyeSeliaZe (red.), saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

komentarebi, nawili pirveli, Tbilisi 1976, gv. 66-67.


2008, gv. 122.

121 rainhard frankis formula, ix. Roxin, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Band I, Grundlagen, Der Aufbau der

Verbrechenslehre, München 1992, S. 284, Rn. 47.

206

akrZaluli qmedebis gaucnobiereblobas, marTlsawinaaRmdego

Sedegis dadgomis gauTvaliswineblobas, Sedegis dadgomis

gaTvaliswinebis valdebulebasa da Sedegis dadgomis

gaTvaliswinebis SesaZleblobas. danaSaulebriv daudevrobas

sxvagvarad SeiZleba gaucnobierebeli gaufrTxilebloba

vuwodoT. danaSaulebrivi daudevrobisas pirma ar icis, rom igi

Tavisi qmedebiT (moqmedebiT Tu umoqmedobiT) windaxedulobis

normas arRvevs, safrTxes uqmnis samarTlebriv sikeTes da es

safrTxe SedegSi ganxorcieldeba, e.i. man ar icis, rom igi

amgvarad qmedebis Semadgenlobas axorcielebs. Sesabamisad mis

qmedebas romelic nebelobiTi, Segnebuli, anu nebiT marTuli an

marTvadia, magram igi Sedegis mimarT nebelobis (Sedegis

dadgomis survilis, anu voluntatiuri) gareSe moqmedebs.

danaSaulebrivi daudevrobisas gamoiricxeba rogorc

kognitiuri, aseve voluntatiuri elementi.

bralis fsiqologiuri Teoriis (brali, rogorc fsiqikuri

damokidebuleba Cadenil qmedebasTan) krizisi swored

danaSaulebriv daudevrobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan

danaSaulebrivi daudevrobisas pirs saerTod ara aqvs

fsiqologiuri damokidebuleba Cadenili qmedebis mimarT.

danaSaulebrivi daudevrobis Sefasebis SeuZleblobas

ukavSirdeba aseve finalizmis kritikac. finalizmi qmedebas

mizandasaxul qcevad ganmartavs. danaSaulebrivi daudevroba ki

mizandasaxuli araa.

207

Tu pirs Sedegis gaTvaliswineba arc evaleboda da arc SeeZlo,

igi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxs ar agebs. ssk me-10 muxli

danaSaulebrivi daudevrobisaTvis yvela niSnis kumulatiurad

arsebobas moiTxovs. Sedegis dadgomis gaTvaliswinebadobis

gamorcxva zogadad Tavad danaSaulebriv daudevrobsac

gamoricxavs. Sedegis gaTvaliswinebadoba saxeze araa maSin,

rodesac Sedegis dadgomis SesaZlebloba cxovrebiseuli

gamocdilebis farglebs scildeba, anu Tu windaxeduli, gonieri

da keTilsindisieri adamiani (an windaxeduli, gonieri da

keTilsindisieri specialisti) am Sedegis dadgomas ver

gaiTvaliswinebda. amgvar SemTxvevaSi piri gaufrTxileblobiT

pasuxs ar agebs da mxolod ubeduri SemTxvevaa saxeze.

magaliTi: fexiT mosiarule trotuarze gulis areSi uecari tkivilis gamo

dabarbacda da gzis saval nawilze gadavarda. dasaSvebi siCqariT mimavali

mZRoli fexiT mosiarules daejaxa da sasikvdilod daaziana. sasikvdilo

Sedegi fexiT mosiarulis uecari Setevis Sedegad dadga. Mradgan mZRols

am Sedegis dadgomis gaTvaliswineba ar SeeZlo, mas

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxs veravin agebinebs. ssk 276-e muxlis me-5

nawiliT satransporto saSualebis marTvisas windaxedulobis norma unda

iyos darRveuli da adamianis sicocxlis mospoba swored windaxedulobis

normis darRvevas unda mohyves.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi gaufrTxilebloba, rogorc wesi,

danaSaulebrivi Sedegis dadgomisas isjeba. gaufrTxileblad

safrTxis Seqmnis dasjadobas kanonmdebeli mxolodGgamonaklis

SemTxvevebSi mimarTavs. amgvar normas miekuTvneba ssk 242-e

muxlis 1-li nawili, afeTqebasaSiS sawarmoSi an saamqroSi

usafrTxoebis wesebis darRveva, rasac gaufrTxileblobiT

208

SeeZlo gamoewvia mZime Sedegi. es deliqti konkretul-

abstraqtuli safrTxis deliqtia, rac imas niSnavs, rom

mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos, Tu ramdenad SeeZlo mocemul

qmedebas konkretuli safrTxis gamowveva.

gaufrTxilebeli Sedegi SeiZleba dadges rogorc moqmedebiT

(mag., mravalsarTuliani saxlis fanjridan mZime sagnis

gadagdeba), aseve umoqmedobiT (mag., mzrunveli, anu damcavi

garantis mier Tavisi dacvis qveS myofisaTvis yuradRebis

miuqcevloba, ramac marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi gamoiwvia).

umoqmedobiT Cadenili daudevrobisas garantma ar icis, rom igi

Tavisi umoqmedobiT windaxedulobis normas arRvevs da amis

Sedegad qmedebis Semadgenloba xorcieldeba, Tumca mas

windaxedulobis normis dacva da am Sedegis dadgomis

gaTvaliswineba evaleba (garantis movaleoba umoqmedobis

mizezobriobisas, sssk me-8 muxlis me- 3 nawili) da mas es

SeuZlia kidec.

magaliTi: ZiZa mcirewlovan bavSvs plaJze waiyvans da megobrebTan

laparakSi gaerToba. bavSvs amasobaSi wyali waiRebs. ZiZa garantia. igi

windaxedulebis normis darRvevis gamo bavSvis gaufrTxileblobiT

sicocxlis mospobisaTvis agebs pasuxs (me-8 muxlis me- 3 nawili da 116-e

muxlebi).

2 gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis agebuleba

neoklasikuri da qarTuli neofinaluri moZRvrebebi

gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis sistemas sxvadasxvanairad ageben.

neoklasikuri moZRvrebis mixedviT, gaufrTxileblobis qmedebis

SemadgenlobaSi mxolod qmedeba, Sedegi da mizezobrivi kavSiri

209

Sedis. neoklasikuri moZRvrebis mixedviT, windaxedulobis

normis darRveva qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi ki ar unda

ganvixiloT, aramed marTlwinaaRmdegobaSi, qmedebis

Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebadoba da Tavidan acilebadoba ki

gaufrTxileblobisas bralis niSania.122

neoklasikuri moZRvrebis mixedviT, gaufrTxileblobis

marTlwinaaRmdegoba winaaRmdegobaa dawerili Tu dauwereli

windaxedulobis normis mimarT. Tu piris qmedebas Sedegi mohyva,

magram mas windaxedulobis norma ar daurRvevia, misi qmedeba

araa marTlsawinaaRmdego. windaxedulobis normis Sesabamisi

qmedeba, Sedegis absoluturi gauTvaliswinebadoba da Sedegis

Tavidan acilebis SeuZlebloba marTlwinaaRmdegobis

gamomricxveli garemoebaa.123

gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis amgvar agebulebas ara mxolod

dogmatikosTa umciresoba (neoklasikuri moZRvreba), aramed

agreTve germaniis sasamarTlo praqtikac uWers mxars. germaniis

federaluri sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis

«gzamkvlevi gadawyvetilebis»124 mixedviT, windaxedulobis normis

Sesabamisi qmedeba marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli, anu

gamamarTlebeli garemoebaa. samecniero literaturaSi

122 Baumann/Weber/Mitsch, Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Bielefeld 2003, S. 531, Rn. 28.

123 Baumann/Weber/Mitsch, Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Bielefeld 2003, S. 531, Rn. 28.

124 BGHZ 24, 21.

210

miuTiTeben, rom marTlwesrigis erTianobidan gamomdinare, es

Sexeduleba sisxlis samarTalSic unda gaviziaroT.125

qarTul sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi gaufrTxilebel

danaSauls germaniaSi kargad cnobili neoklasikuri moZRvrebis

mixedviT agebs gamyreliZe. igi miuTiTebs, rom gaufrTxilebeli

danaSaulis marTlwinaaRmdegoba cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi

dadgenili dawerili Tu dauwereli normebis SemowmebiT

dgindeba.126 gamyreliZe qmedebis subieqtur mxareSi ganzraxvis an

ganuzraxvelobis dadgenas moiazrebs da ara ganzraxvis da

gaufrTxileblobis dadgenas. gaufrTxileblobisas

windaxedulobis normis darRveva mas marTlwinaaRmdegobaSi

Seaqvs, gaufrTxilebloba ki – bralSi. radgan gamyreliZesTan

windaxedulobis normis darRveva marTlwinaaRmdegobis niSnadaa

aRiarebuli da gaufrTxilebloba ki mxolod bralis formaa,

gamyreliZe gaufrTxileblobisas danaSaulis neoklasikur

agebulebas iziarebs.

TviTimedovnebis niSnebi, romlebic saqarTvelos ssk me-10 muxlis

me-2 nawilSia mocemuli, konkretuli piris mier winadxedulobis

normis darRvevasTan dakavSirebul subieqtur niSnebs

iTvaliswinebs da amitomac yvela es niSani bralSi unda iqnas

ganxiluli. ssk me-10 muxlis me-3 nawilSi ki mocemulia

danaSaulebrivi daudevrobis subieqturi niSnebi

125 Baumann/Weber/Mitsch, Strafrecht, Allgemeiner Teil, Bielefeld 2003, S. 528, 21.


2008, gv. 117.

211

(windaxedulobis normiT akrZaluli qmedebis gaucnobierebloba,

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis SesaZleblobis

gauTvaliswinebloba da gaTvaliswinebis SesaZlebloba) da

obieqturi niSani (marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis

SesaZleblobis valdebulebis qona), rac zogadad,

windaxedulobis normis arsebobaSi unda moviazroT.

finaluri moZRvreba gaufrTxileblobis sxvagvar agebulebas

gvTavazobs. danaSaulis finaluri agebuleba erTmaneTisagan

ganasxvavebs obieqtur da subieqtur gaufrTxileblobas.

obieqturi gaufrTxilebloba moicavs dawerili Tu dauwereli

windaxedulobis normebis Sinaarsis Semowmebas da imis dadgenas,

Tu ramdenad daarRvevda amsruleblis profesiis, misi

socialuri wris, misi profesiis warmomadgeneli saSualo

statistikuri, «gonieri adamiani» windaxedulobis am normas.

qmedebis Semadgenloba rogorc danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovnebis,

aseve danaSaulebrivi daudevrobisas martoden obieqtur

gaufrTxileblobas da obieqtur Seracxvas moiazrebs,

subieqturi komponentis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. konkretuli

piris indivdualuri SesaZleblobebi qmedebis Semadgenlobis

etapze ar ganixileba, gasaTvaliswinebelia mxolod misi

profesia an specialuri codna (saSualo statistikuri eqimi,

saSualo statistikuri mZRoli). TviTimedovnebisas codnis

elementi qmedebis subieqtur SemadgenlobaSi ar moazreba,

radgan am konkretuli piris mier Sedegis dadgomis

SesaZleblobis subieqturi gaTvaliswinebadoba da misi Tavidan

212

acilebadoba gasakicxaobis elementebs moicavs da gasakicxaoba

bralSi unda iqnas ganxiluli.127

3 obieqturi Seracxva gaufrTxileblobisas

gaufrTxileblobisas obieqturi Seracxva Semdeg problemebs

moicavs:

1. dasaSvebi riski, romelic Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas

gamoricxavs

2. dauSvebeli riski, romelic Sedegis obieqtur Seracxvas

afuZnebs da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis erT-

erTi safuZvelia

3. kavSiri windaxedulobis normis darRvevasa da damdgar

Sedegs Soris

4. kavSiri konkretuli normis mizansa da damdgar Sedegs

Soris

5. pasuxismgeblobis sferoTa gamijvna.

gaufrTxileblobisas Sedegis windaxedulobis normis darRvevas

unda mohyves, amitomac pirs Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba da

pasuxismgebloba gaufrTxileblobisaTvis gamoiricxeba, Tu

127 sxva mosazrebiT, radgan danaSaulebrivi TviTimedovneba subieqtur anu codnis

elements moicavs, TviTimedovnebis subieqturi mxaris gaTvaliswineba qmedebis

SemadgenlobaSi aucilebelia. turava, danaSaulis moZRvreba, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 581.

213

windaxedulobis normis darRvevasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris

kavSiri ar arsebobs.

magaliTi: mZRoli avtomanqanas daSvebul siCqareze swrafad miaqanebda.

uceb gzis saval nawilze, avtomanqanidan naxevari metris mocilebiT,

mTvrali msxverpli gadmobarbacda. avtomanqana mTvrals daejaxa da mokla.

eqspertis daskvniT, mZRols dasaSvebi siCqariT rom evlo, damdgar Sedegs

Tavidan mainc ver aicilebda. mZRoli ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT pasuxs

ar agebs, radgan damdgari Sedegi mis mier windaxedulobis normis

darRvevas ar gamouwvevia.

pirs Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba da pasuxismgebloba

gaufrTxileblobisaTvis gamoiricxeba aseve maSinac, rodesac

araa kavSiri normis dacvis mizansa da damdgar Sedegs Soris.

magaliTi: Rame Suqis gareSe ori velospedisti erTmaneTis miyolebiT

velosipeds miaqanebda. sibneleSi pirvel velosipedists avtomanqana

daejaxa da mokla. meore velospedists Suqi rom hqonoda, igi pirvel

velosipedists gaanaTebda, avtomanqanis mZRoli pirvel velosipedists

dainaxavda, avaria ar moxdeboda da pirveli velosipedisti ar mokvdeboda.

meore velosipedistis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba damdgari

SedegisaTvis gamoricxulia, radgan administraciulsamarTlebrivi norma,

romelic man daarRvia (uSuqo velosipediT gadaadgileba sibneleSi),

dazianebisagan icavs Tavad mas da ara sxvas.128

Sedegis obieqturi SeracxvisaTvis gaufrTxilebeli qmedebisas

erTmaneTisagan unda gaimijnos aseve dazaralebulis

pasuxismgeblobis (TviTsafrTxe) da mesame pirTa

pasuxismgeblobis sfero. piri, romelmac windaxedulobis norma

daarRvia da romlis qmedebac mizezobrivadaa dakavSirebuli

128 Heinrich, Strafrecht allgemeiner Teil I, 2. Auflage, Stuttgart 2010, S. 95, Rn. 250.

214

damdgar SedegTan, SedegisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivad pasuxs

ar agebs, Tu msxverplma sakuTari gacnobierebuli nebelobiTi

qmedebiT TviTsafrTxe Seqmna da TviTsafrTxis saSualebiT

gawyvita Seracxvis kavSiri piris mier ganxorcielebul

qmedebasa da damdgar Sedegs Soris (dazaralebulis piradi

pasuxismgeblobis sfero).

magaliTi: megobarma narkodamokidebuls, romelsac heroini hqonda

momaragebuli, heroinis gasakeTeblad Sprici gadasca, narkodamokidebulma

heroini Tavisi xeliT gaikeTa da zedozirebiT gardaicvala. megobari

narkodamokidebulisaTvis heroinis gasakeTeblad Spricis gadacemis gamo

sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis pasuxs ar agebs, radgan

narkodamokidebulma wamali sakuTari nebelobiTi gadawyvetilebis

safuZvelze, sakuTari xeliT gaikeTa, radgan qmedebaze, romelmac uSualod

sikvdili gamoiwvia, Tavad narkodamokidebuli batonobda da ara misi

megobari. saxezea dazaralebulis piradi pasuxismgeblobis, TviTsafrTxis

SedegSi ganxorcielebis SemTxveva.129

pasuxismgeblobis sferoTa gasamijnad da sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis dasadgenad gadamwyvetia batonoba

Sedegis gamomwvev konkretul qmedebaze. Tu im konkretul

qmedebaze, romelmac uSualod narkodamokidebulis sikvdili

gamoiwvia, megobari batonobda, misi qmedeba sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebel mospobad (ssk 116-e muxli) dakvalificirdeba.

magaliTi: narkodamokidebuls megobarma misi Txovnis Sesabamisad heroini

Tavad gaukeTa. narkodamokidebuli wamlis zemoqmedebis Sedegad

gardaicvala. narkodamokidebulis megobri sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli

mospobisaTvis (ssk 116-e muxli) agebs pasuxs.

129 Heinrich, Strafrecht allgemeiner Teil I, 2. Auflage, Stuttgart 2010, S. 96, Rn. 252.

215

gaufrTxileblobisas mesame pirTa pasuxismgeblobis sferosTan

dakavSirebuli obieqturi Seracxvis problemebi moicavs

upirvelesad sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad Seeracxeba

safrTxis damfuZnebels (mag., cecxlis wamkidebels) mis mier

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis Seqmnili safrTxis Tavidan

acilebis msurvelis sxeulis dazianeba an sikvdili. Tu

safrTxis Tavidan acilebisaTvis moqmedi am samarTlebrivi

sikeTis garantia, safrTxis damfuZneblis qmedebasa da garantis

janmrTelobis dazianebas an sikvdils Soris Seracxvis kavSiri

ar gawydeba da garantis sikvdili safrTxis damfuZnebels

Seeracxeba, radgan garanti am dros kanonis mier dakisrebul

dacvis valdebulebas asrulebs da amitomac Tavisuflad ar

moqmedebs, TviTsafrTxes nebayoflobiT ar qmnis. SesaZlebelia

aseve Seracxvis kavSiris mtkiceba piris mier safrTxis

dafuZnebasa da solidaruli movaleobis ganmaxorcielebeli

piris sikvdils Sorisac, radgan safrTxeSi myofis Svela

solidarul valdebulebaSi Sedis da am movaleobis

Seusrulebloba dauxmareblobisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebriv

pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs (ssk 129-e muxli).

Seracxvis kavSiri safrTxis Semqmnelis qmedebiT dafuZnebul

risksa da saSiS mdgomareobaSi myofis piris mimSveleblis

dazianebas an sikvdils Soris maSin gamoiricxeba, rodesac piris

mier ganxorcielebuli, msxverplis gadarCenisaken mimarTuli

qmedeba yovelgvar gonivrul safuZvels moklebulia.

216

damnaSaves ar unda Seeracxos misi Sepyrobis mizniT

gamodevnebuli samarTaldamcavis an moqalaqis sikvdili, Tu

isini devnisas sarisko qmedebebs axorcieleben, anu

TviTsafrTxes qmnian da am pirTa mier damnaSavis devnisas

sakuTari TavisaTvis safrTxis Seqmna aseve yovelgvar gonivrul

safuZvels moklebulia.

damnaSavis qmedebasa da gadarCenis mizniT msxverplis gaqcevisas

sikvdils Soris Seracxvis kavSiri araa gawyvetili, radgan

msxverplis moqmedeba am dros Tavisufali araa. amgvar

SemTxvevebSi saxeze araa TviTdazianebaSi realizebuli

TviTsafrTxe, romelic obieqtur Seracxvas gamoricxavs.

magaliTi: msxverpli mkvlelobis mizniT gamodevnebul pirs gaeqca,

sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT fanjridan gadaxta da gardaicvala.

Seracxvis kavSiri piris gamodevnebasa da msxverplis sikvdils Soris araa

gawyvetili, radgan msxverpls Tavisufali TviTdamazianebeli moqmedeba ar

ganuxorcielebia, Sesabamisad, mkvlelobis mosurne mdevars msxverplis

sikvdili Seeracxeba. sabolood, Tu mdevari pirs mosaklavad gamoekida, misi

qmedeba mkvlelobis mcdelobad (ssk me-19 muxlis 1-li nawili da 108 -e

muxlebi) da sicocxlis gaufrTxilebel mospobad (ssk 116-e muxli) unda

dakvalificirdes.130

130 mdevnelisaTvis msxverplis sarisko gaqcevisas sikvdilis SeracxvasTan dakavSirebiT

warmoSobili damatebiTi problemebi ix. Rötzel Fall, BGH, Urteil v. 30.09.1970 – 3 StR 119/70 =

NJW 1971, 152 = JZ 1970, 788, romlis mixedviTac, mdevnelis mier janmrTelobadazianebuli

msxverplis sarisko gaqceviT gamowveuli sikvdili ar dakvalificirdeba

janmrTelobis dazianebad sasikvdilo SedegiT, radgan amgvari kvalifikaciisaTvis

janmrTelobis dazianebasa da piris sikvdils Soris janmrTelobis dazianebis

specifikuri safrTxe unda arsebobdes. SedarebiT axali, 2002 wlis gadawyvetilebiT

germaniis federalurma sasamarTlom praqtika Secvala BGHSt, Band 48, S. 34 ff.,

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetzjagd_in_Guben (04.06.2020) da TavSesafris maZieblis Tavis

217

4 aucilebeli mogerieba gaufrTxileblobiT

Tu piri aucilebeli mogeriebisas Sedegs gaufrTxileblobiT

gamoiwvevs, igi pasuxismgeblobisagan miT ufro daskvnis

safuZvelze gaTavisufldeba, e.i. Tu piri Tavdamsxmelis

gamiznulad dazianebisaTvisac gamarTldeboda, miT ufro, igi

samarTlebrivi sikeTis gaufrTxilebeli dazianebisaTvis unda

gamarTldes.

magaliTi: aucilebeli mogeriebisas pirs pistoletis sasrol iaraRad

gamoyenebis ufleba aqvs, magram Tu igi mas dasartymel iaraRad gamoiyenebs.

dartymisas iaraRidan tyvia gavardeba, Tavdamsxmels TavSi moxvdeba da mas

mZimed daazianebs, piri sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan miT

ufro daskvnis safuZvelze gaTavisufldeba: Tu piri Tavdamsxmelebis

gamiznulad dazianebisaTvis aucilebeli mogeriebiT gamarTldeboda, miT

ufro, igi samarTlebrivi sikeTis gaufrTxilebeli dazianebisaTvis unda

gamarTldes.131

5 brali gaufrTxileblobisas

gaufrTxileblobisas piris bralunarianobis (Seracxadoba ssk

33-e da 34-e muxlebiT) dadgenis Semdeg unda Semowmdes

danaSaulebrivi gaufrTxileblobis niSnebi ssk me-10 muxlis

mixedviT, anu individualuri gaufrTxilebloba.

marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, aqtualuri iqneba es Tu

gadasarCenad vitrinaSi SextomiT gamowveuli sikvdili fizikuri angariSsworebisaTvis

gamodevnebul neonacistebis jgufs Seracxa. sasamarTlos mtkicebiT, ZiriTadi

deliqtisaTvis imanenturi sikvdilis safrTxis ganxorcielebisas qmedeba

dakvalificirdeba janmrTelobis dazianebis mcdelobad sasikvdilo SedegiT.

131 pistoletis Cartymis SemTxveva BGHSt 27, 313-315, Roxin, Höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung zum

Allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts, München 1998, S. 28.

218

potenciuri, windaxedulobis normis SecnobiT an SecnobadobiT,

gaufrTxileblobisasac saxeze unda iyos.132

gaufrTxilebeli bralis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba is,

Tu ramdenad SeeZlo pirs Tavisi sxeulebriv Zalaze, codnasa da

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT windaxedulobis normis dacva. Tu

pirs windaxedulobis normis dacvis individualuri

(subieqturi) SesaZlebloba ar hqonda aucilebeli codnisa da

gamocdilebis ararsebobis gamo, igi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis

pasuxs mxolod valdebulebis Tavis Tavze aRebisas agebs.

«valdebulebis Tavis Tavze aRebis» SemTxvevebi

gaufrTxileblobis specialuri SemTxvevebia, rodesac

specialuri codnis armqone piri Tavis Tavze iRebs im qmedebis

ganxorcielebas, romelsac maRali kvalifikacia sWirdeba.

amgvari dasjadi gaufrTxileblobis magaliTia

dabalkvalificiuri eqimis mier operaciis Catareba, Tu pacienti

eqimis ucodinrobiT daSvebuli uxeSi Secdomis gamo

gardaicvleba.

amas garda, gaufrTxileblobisas bralSi ganixileba aseve

bralis gamomricxveli sapatiebeli garemoeba, eqstremaluri

situaciisas windaxedulobis normis Sesabamisi qcevis

Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba, rac gaufrTxileblobisas bralis

gamomricxvel zekanonur garemoebad (ssk 38-e muxli) unda

miviCnioT.


219

magaliTi 1: mZime avariis Semdeg deda daSavebul Svils saavadmyofoSi ver

waiyvans, radgan is SokSia avariis Sedegad qmris gardacvalebis gamo.133

magaliTi 2: momvlels, romelic pandemiisas Semcvlelis aryofnis gamo

saavadmyofos xelmZRvanelobis uSualo davalebiT ramdenime cvla

gadabmulad saavadmyofoSi muSaobs, CaeZineba, misi ugono mdgomareobaSi

myofi pacienti Tavs daizianebs da gardaicvleba. momvlels ver vagebinebT

pasuxs pacientis sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis (ssk 116-e

muxli), radgan igi eqstremaluri situaciis gamo iZulebuli iyo,

Tavdauzogavad emuSava.

6 paraleluri amsrulebloba

SesaZlebelia ramdenime pirma windaxedulobis norma erTad,

erTiani gegmis safuZvelze daarRvios da marTlsawinaaRmdego

Sedegi gamoiwvios.

magaliTi: ramdenime pirma tyeSi cecxlis anTebis gadawyvetileba erTad

miiRo da tyes maTi am gadawyvetilebis erToblivad Sesrulebisas cecxli

waekida.

radgan ssk 22-e muxli Tanaamsruleblobisas ganzraxvas

saxeldebiT ar iTvaliswinebs, qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

arsebobs mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac gaufrTxileblad

Sedegis erTad gamowveva gaufrTxilebel Tanaamsruleblobad

SeiZleba dakvalificirdes.134

am mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas, rom

Tanaamsruleblobisas erTiani danaSaulebrivi miznis da

133 msgavsi magaliTebi ix. Roxin, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Band I, Grundlagen, Der Aufbau der

Verbrechenslehre, München 1992, S. 710, Rn. 118.


220

danaSaulebrivi gegmis arsebobaa aucilebeli, rac

gaufrTxileblobisas araa saxeze. Tanaamsruleblobis

mometebuli socialuri saSiSroebac (jgufuri dinamika,

Sesabamisad, jgufuroba, rogorc damamZimebeli garemoeba) swored

am danaSaulebrivi miznis misaRwevad ZalTa gaerTianebaSi

mdgomareobs. amasTanave, gaufrTxilebloba marto maSinaa

dasjadi, rodesac kodeqsSi amaze pirdapiraa miTiTebuli. es

principi unda gaviTvaliswinoT ara mxolod ssk kerZo nawilSi

gaTvaliswinebuli calkeuli Semadgenlobis dasjadobisas,

aramed ssk zogadi nawilisTvisac. radgan ssk ssk 22-e muxli

Tanaamsruleblobis ganmartebisas gaufrTxileblobas

saxeldebiT ar iTvaliswinebs, gaufrTxilebeli

Tanaamsruleblobis dogmatikuri instituti ar arsebobs.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi pirebi windaxedulobis normas

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad arRveven da cecxlis wakidebiT

nivTisGgaufrTxilebeli dazianebis Semadgenlobas aseve

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad axorcieleben (ssk 188-e muxlis

me-2 nawili), amitomac am qmedebis Tanaamsruleblebi ki ara,

paraleluri amsruleblebi arian.

paraleluri amsrulebloba saxezea maSin, rodesac sul mcire,

ori piri qmedebis Semadgenlobas erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad

asrulebs, an erTi piris qmedeba (yovelgvari SeTanxmebis gareSe)

meore piris qmedebas efuZneba, anda es pirebi erTad SeTanxmebis

safuZvelze ki moqmedeben, magram maT saerTo danaSaulebrivi

mizani da danaSaulebrivi gegma ar aerTianebT.

221

sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi gamoTqmuli azris Tanaxmad,

mravalsafexuriani gaufrTxileblobisas, Tu mavani vinmes

gaufrTxileblad gaufrTxilebel danaSauls Caadeninebs, igi

paraleluri amsruleblobisaTvis unda daisajos.135

magaliTi: mTaSi buCqebSi mofaCune adamiani turists SemoCveuli daTvi

egona. man saswrafod iqve myofi daTvze sanadirod wasuli monadire

gaaRviZa da uTxra, rom buCqebSi daTvi ijda. monadirem buCqebis

mimarTulebiT gaisrola da buCqebSi mjdomi, daTvs Casafrebuli meore

monadire mokla.

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, romlis

mixedviTac wamqezebluri gaufrTxilebeli qmedebiT Sedegis

gamowveva gaufrTxilebeli paraleluri amsruleblobaa, anu

sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis (ssk 116-e muxli)

unda daisajos rogorc monadire, aseve turisti.136

gasaziarebelia sxva mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba mxolod mas daekisreba,

vinc windaxedulobis normas arRvevs, mometebuli safrTxis

wyaroze batonobs da misi saSualebiT samarTlebriv sikeTes

uSualod xelyofs. Sesabamisad, «gaufrTxilebeli wamqezebluri

qmedebis» ganmaxorcielebeli turisti ar unda daisajos

mometebuli safrTxis wyaroze uSualo batonobis ararsebobis

gamo.



222

paraleluri amsruleblebi ar iqnebian aseve mZRoli da misi

Tanamgzavri, romelic mZRols usafrTxoebis wesebis

darRvevisaken daJinebiT mouwodebs.

magaliTi: mgzavrma mZRoli transportis moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesebis

darRvevisaken waaqeza. mZRolma wesebi marTlac daarRvia da fexiT

mosiarule daaziana. radgan ssk 276-e muxlis subieqti mxolod is piria,

romelic satransporto saSualebas marTavs, mZRoli ssk 276-e muxlis 1-li

nawiliT agebs pasuxs, Tanamgzavri ki am normis Tanaamsrulebeli ar

SeiZleba iyos. mZRolze Tanamgzavris fsiqologiuri zegavlenis miuxedavad

(man daiyolia mZRoli, daerRvia transportis moZraobis usafrTxoebis

wesebi), gamoricxulia Tanamgzavris sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba

waqezebisTvisac, gaufrTxilebeli wamqezeblobis ararsebobis gamo.

gaufrTxilebeli Tanaamsruleblobis SeuZleblobis gamo in dubio

pro reo principidan gamomdinare, dasjadoba gamoricxulia, Tu

orma an metma pirma Sedegi gaufrTxileblad gamoiwvia da

SeuZlebelia dadgena imisa, Tu konkretulad romeli piris

qmedebas mohyva es Sedegi.

sabWoTa periodis sasamarTlo praqtikidan cnobilia amgvari SemTxveva: ori

piri absoluturad msgavsi TofebiT srolaSi varjiSobda. erTi tyvia

SemTxveviT qals moxvda da mokla. SeuZlebeli gaxda dadgena imisa, Tu

romeli piris gasrolili tyviiT mokvda qali. qvemdgomma sasamarTlom es

qmedeba gaufrTxilebel Tanaamsruleblobad daakvalificira, sabWoTa

kavSiris uzenaesma sasamarTlom ki Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi in dubio pro reo

principi gamoiyena da orive piri sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgeblobidan gaaTavisufla, radgan SeuZlebeli iyo dadgena imisa, Tu

romeli msrolelis tyviam mokla qali.

dogmatikurad aseve gamoricxulia ara mxolod gaufrTxilebeli

Tanaamsrulebloba, aramed gaufrTxilebeli Tanamonawileobac.

223

ssk 23-e muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom danaSaulSi

Tanamonawileoba ori an meti piris ganzrax erToblivi

monawileobaa ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenaSi. Tu piris

gaufrTxilebeli qmedeba sxva piris ganzraxi an

gaufrTxilebeli qmedebis mizezobriobas daudebs saTaves, igi

daisjeba mxolod maSin, Tu iarsebebs Sesabamisi norma sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi (mag. cecxlsasroli iaraRis daudevrad

Senaxva, ssk 238-e muxli).

aseve SeuZlebelia mavanma vinme ganzraxi danaSaulis Casadenad

gaufrTxileblad daiyolios (ssk 24-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da

Tu socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebiT erTma pirma meoreSi

danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxva warmoSva, misi es qmedeba (mag.,

saubari mavanis simdidreze) gaufrTxilebel waqezebad ar

dakvalificirdeba.

magaliTi: petrem pavles qeifisas uambo, rom misi mezobeli vaso metad

mdidaria, saxlSi mravali unikaluri naxati aqvs da yovel axal wels

kanaris kunZulebze xvdeba. pavle axali wlis saRamos vasos saxlSi

Seipara da ramdenime naxati moipara. petres am informaciis gadacemiT

pavle binaSi SeRwevis qurdobisaken ar wauqezebia da ssk 24-e muxlis me-2

nawili da 177-e muxlis me-3 nawilis g) punqti araa ganxorcielebuli.

7 momzadebisa da mcdelobis SeuZlebloba

kanonmdebeli ssk me-18 muxlis 1-l nawilSi (danaSaulis

momzadeba) da ssk me-19 muxlis 1-l nawilSi (danaSaulis

mcdeloba) calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom danaSaulis momzadeba da

mcdeloba ganzraxi qmedebaa. Sesabamisad, warmoudgenelia

224

danaSaulis gaufrTxilebeli momzadeba da danaSaulis

gaufrTxilebeli mcdeloba.

8 ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis kombinacia

SesaZlebelia ganzraxvisa da gaufrTxileblobis kombinacia erT

deliqtSi. rodesac ZiriTadi deliqti ganzraxi danaSaulia da

masTan dakavSirebuli makvalificirebeli Sedegi ki

gaufrTxileblobiTaa gamowveuli, ssk me-11 muxlis 1-li nawilis

me-2 winadadebiT, amgvari danaSauli ganzrax danaSaulad

CaiTvleba. zogjer amgvar deliqtebs „bralis ori formiT“

Cadenil danaSaulebsac uwodeben.137

gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis sqema neoklasikuri moZRvrebis

mixedviT


1. qmedeba

2. Sedegi

3. mizezobrivi kavSiri


1. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebi

gaufrTxileblobisas

(1) windaxedulobis normebis Sesabamisi qceva obieqturad

137 tyeSeliaZe, wignSi: naWyebia/dvaliZe (red.) sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, gv. 140-141.

225

(2) Sedegis gaTvaliswinebis absoluturi SeuZlebloba

(3) qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis garduvaloba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli klasikuri

garemoebebi

(1) aucilebeli mogerieba

(2) ukiduresi aucilebloba da a.S.

III. brali

1. bralunarianoba (rogorc ganzraxvisas)

2. personaluri gaufrTxilebloba, gansakuTrebiT ki

(1) windaxedulobis normis subieqturi darRveva

(2) qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesrulebis

gaTvaliswinebadoba

(3) qmedebis Semadgenlobis Sesrulebis Tavidan

acilebadoba


gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis sqema finaluri moZRvrebis

mixedviT


226

1. qmedeba

2. Sedegi

3. mizezobrivi kavSiri

4. windaxedulobis normis darRveva obieqturad

1. windaxedulobis normiT akrZaluli qmedebis

gacnobierebadoba obieqturad, anu saSualo

statistikuri piris mier

2. Sedegis dadgomis gaTvaliswinebadoba obieqturad, anu

saSualo statistikuri piris mier

5. obieqturi Seracxvis gamoricxvis is SemTxveva, romelic

mniSvnelovania am konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis

1. windaxedulobis normis dacvis mizani

2. TviTdazianeba msxverplis mier

3. kavSiri valdebulebis darRvevasa da Sedegs Soris da

a.S.


III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. personaluri gaufrTxilebloba

227

VII. Tanamonawileoba

1 Tanamonawileobis dasjadobis dogmatikuri safuZvlebi

danaSauli SeiZleba Caidinos ara mxolod erTma pirma, sxva

pirTa daxmarebis gareSe, aseve ramdenimem erToblivad an

rolebis gadanawilebiT. pirma SeiZleba moawyos danaSaulis

Cadena (organizatori), danaSauli sakuTari xeliT, martom

(erTpirovnuli amsrulebeli) an sxvasTan erTad

(Tanaamsrulebeli) Caidinos, SeiZleba vinmem igi danaSaulis

Casdenad daiyolios, mas mis nebaze zemoqmedebiT danaSaulis

Cadenis gadawyvetileba miaRebinos (wamqezebeli), anda mas xeli

Seuwyos danaSaulis CadenaSi (damxmare).

magaliTi: petrem pavle vasos mosaklavad daiyolia (wamqezebeli, ssk 24-e

muxlis me-2 nawili). ivanem paveles iaraRi uSova (damxmare, ssk 24-e muxlis

me-3 nawili). pavlem vaso am iaraRiT mokla (ssk 108-e muxli).

ssk 22-e muxli amsruleblis sam saxes iTvaliswinebs, ssk 23- e

muxli danaSaulSi Tanamonawileobas ganmartavs, ssk 24-e muxli

ki TanamonawileTa saxeebs, organizators, wamqezebelsa da

damxmares. ssk 23-e muxli miuTiTebs, rom Tanamonawileoba

saxezea mxolod maSin, rodesac amsrulebeli danaSauls (da ara

umarTlobas) axorcielebs (logikuri aqcesorobis principi).

Tanamonawileebis, organizatoris, wamqezeblisa da damxmaris

erTmaneTisagan gansxvaveba martoden ganzrax danaSaulebSia

SesaZlebeli. ssk 23-e muxlis Tanaxmad, romelic

228

TanamonawileobisaTvis ganzraxGqmedebas moiTxovs,

gaufrTxilebeli Tanamonawileoba ar arsebobs. ssk 22-e muxli

TanaamsruleblobisaTvis ganzraxvis arsebobas ar usvams xazs,

Tumca gaufrTxilebeli Tanaamsrulebloba Tanaamsruleblobis

samarTlebrivi institutis arss ewinaaRmdegeba da amitomac,

dauSvebelia. sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawilis normebSi

amsruleblis mier qmedebis Semadgenlobis Cadena moiazreba. sxva

TanamonawileTa (organizatiros, wamqezeblis da damxmaris)

qmedebis kvalifikaciisas aucilebelia miTiTeba zogadi nawilis

specialur normaze, ssk 24-e muxlis Sesabamis nawilze.

Tanamonawileoba SesaZlebelia mxolod danaSaulis ganzrax

Cadenisas. gaufrTxileblobisas sisxlis samarTali erTiani

amsruleblis cnebas eyrdnoba: gaufrTxilebeli Sedegis

gamowvevisaTvis amsrulebelia yvela is, vinc windaxedulobis

normis darRveviT marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi gamoiwvia.

2 amsrulebeli da Tanaamsrulebeli

sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxveveben

Tanamonawileobas viwro da farTo gagebiT. viwro gagebiT

Tanamonawileoba ssk 24-e muxlSia gaTvaliswinebuli da

organizators, wamqezebelsa da damxmares moicavs. farTo

gagebiT Tanamonawileoba ki amsrulebelsac Tanamonawiled

moiazrebs.

ramdenime piris mier ganzraxi danaSaulis erToblivad Cadenisas

zogierT SemTxvevaSi warmoiSoba problemebi amsruleblis da

229

Tanamonawilis gamijvnasTan dakavSirebiT. ssk 22-e muxlis

mixedviT, danaSaulis amsrulebelia is, vinc Tavad uSualod,

TanaamsrulebelTan erTad an cocxali iaraRis meSveobiT

axorcielebs danaSauls. Sesabamisad, kanoni erTmaneTisagan

ganasxvavebs danaSaulis uSualo da SualobiT amsruleblobas.

1. danaSaulis uSualo amsrulebelia erTpirovnuli

amsrulebeli, anu is, vinc uSualod sCadis danaSauls (ssk

22-e muxlis 1-li alternativa).

2. aseve danaSaulis uSualo amsrulebelia Tanaamsrulebeli,

anu is, vinc danaSaulis CadenaSi uSualod sxvasTan erTad

monawileobs (ssk 22-e muxlis me-2 alternativa)

3. SualobiTi amsrulebeli ki isaa, vinc danaSauls iseTi sxva

piris meSveobiT sCadis, romelsac sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis mixedviT asakis, Seuracxaobis an sxva garemoebis

gamo ar daeekisreba sisxlissamaTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba

(ssk 22-e muxlis me-3 alternativa).

paralelur amsruleblobas, romlis drosac ori an meti piri

danaSauls erTad axorcielebs, magram danaSaulis erToblivad

Cadenis codnisa da survilis gareSe, sisxlis samarTlis

kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs. ganzraxi danaSaulis

paraleluri amsrulebloba sakmaod iSviaTia, rogorc wesi,

paraleluri amsrulebloba gaufrTxilebel danaSaulebSi

gvxvdeba (ix. qvemoT).

230

sisxlis samarTalSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxveveben amsruleblis

SezRudviT (anu restriqciul) da amsruleblis ganvrcobiTi

(eqstensiuri) cnebas. amsruleblis ganvrcobiTi (eqstensiuri)

cnebiT, amsruleblad iTvleba yvela, visi qmedebac

mizezobrivadaa dakavSirebuli danaSaulebriv SedegTan.

amsruleblis ganvrcobiTi (eqstensiuri) cnebis mixedviT,

danaSaulis uSualo amsrulebelTan erTad wamqezebeli da

damxmarec amsrulebelad CaiTvleba, radgan maTi qmedeba damdgar

Sedegs mizezobrivad ukavSirdeba. amsruleblisagan wamqezeblis

da damxmaris gamijvna amsruleblis ganvrcobiTi (eqstensiuri)

cnebis gaziarebisas mxolod subieqturi TeoriiT, subieqturi

kriteriumiT, qmedebis ganxorcielebis interesiTaa SesaZlebeli.

amsruleblis subieqturi TeoriiT amsrulebelia is, visac

qmedeba surda, rogorc sakuTari, damxmare – visac qmedeba surda,

rogorc sxvisi. amgvarad erTmaneTsagan gansxvavdeba

amsruleblis neba da damxmaris neba.

abazanis SemTxveva138: 1940 wels erTma gogonam germaniaSi Cumad, qorwinebis

gareSe bavSvi gaaCina. gogonas deda ar hyavda. mas mkacri mamis eSinoda,

amitomac man sakuTar das mSobiarobisas sTxova, axaldabadebuli bavSvi

mSobiarobisTanave abazanaSi daexrCo. misma dam axalSobili marTlac

abazanaSi daaxrCo da amgvarad Caidina mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi.

germaniaSi 1940 wlis sakanonmdeblo mdgomareobiT damamZimebel

garemoebaSi Cadenili mkvlelobisaTvis sikvdiliT dasja iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli. miwis sasamarTlom axaldabadebulis mkvlelis, anu

mSobiaris dis mimarT sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamoitana. raixis

sasamarTlom ganaCeni gaauqma, qalis qmedeba amsruleblis wminda subieqtur

Teoriaze dayrdnobiT, qmedebis Cadenis interesis ararsebobis gamo,

138 Heinrich, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 2010, S. 1208, Rn. 1208; RGSt 74, 84.

231

daxmarebad daakvalificira da amgvarad axalgazrda qali sikvdiliT

dasjisagan ixsna. aseve msubuqad daisaja bavSvis dedac, rogorc

amsrulebeli, radgan mas qmedeba surda, rogorc sakuTari da qmedebis

ganxorcielebisas afeqtur mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda mSobiarobis gamo.

staSinskis SemTxvevasac139 B aseve wminda subieqturi Teoria daedo

safuZvlad: kgb-s agentma, bogdan staSinskim sabWoTa kavSiris uSiSroebis

davalebiT sakuTari xeliT 2 yofili sabWoTa politikosi lev rebeti

(1957) da stefan bandera (1959) mokla. 1961 wels staSinski berlinis kedlis

aSenebisas dasavleT berlinSi gaiqca da policias Cabarda. germaniis

federalurma sasamarTlom amsruleblis subieqtur Teoriaze dayrdnobiT,

misi qmedeba mkvlelobis amsruleblobad ki ara, daxmarebad

daakvalificira im dasabuTebiT, rom qmedebis ganxorcielebisas arsebuli

droebiTi «qmedebis ganxorcielebis neba» amsruleblobas ver daafuZnebs,

piri qmedebis Cadenas inaniebs da moklulebs piradad ar icnobda. germaniis

federaluri sasamarTlos mier staSinskis qmedebis daxmarebad

dakvalificirebis dasasabuTeblad gamoyenebuli argumentebi sustia.

qmedebis ganxorcielebis sinanuli qmedebis kvalifikacias ver Secvlis,

radgan sinanuli Cadenil umarTlobas ver gamoasworebs. amsruleblisaTvis

aseve araa saWiro msxverplis piradad cnoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi

nebismieri daqiravebuli mkvleli mxolod damxmare iqneboda da ara

amsrulebeli.

germaniis sisxlis samarTlis praqtikaSi amsruleblis subieqturi Teoria

am orive dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi piris sasargeblod,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis SesazRudad da ara mis

gansavrcobad iqna gamoyenebuli.

sakanonmdeblo safuZvlis ararsebobis gamo amsruleblis ganvrcobiT

cnebas da Tanamonawileobis subieqtur Teorias qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi mxolod Teoriuli, samecniero mniSvneloba aqvs da ara

139 Heinrich, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 2010, S. 1208, Rn. 1208; BGHSt 18, 87-96.

232

praqtikuli. ssk 22-e muxli amsruleblisaTvis danaSaulis uSualod

Cadenas moiTxovs. am normis logikuri ganmartebiT, anu ukudaskvnis

safuZvelze ar SeiZleba iyos amsrulebeli is, visac danaSaulebrivi

qmedeba uSualod ar ganuxorcielebia.

Tanaamsrulebeli da Tanamonawile erTmaneTisagan amsruleblis

SezRudviTi (restriqciuli) cnebis gamoyenebisas amsruleblis

obieqtur Teoriaze dayrdnobiT unda gaimijnos. obieqturi

Teoria Tavis mxriv ori saxisaa: formalur-obieqturi da

materalur-obieqturi.

formalur-obieqturi Teoriis mixedviT, amsrulebelia is, vinc

qmedebis Semadgenloba uSualod Tavad ganaxorciela.

materialur-obieqturi Teoriis mixedviT, amsruleblisaTvis

aucilebelia danaSaulis aRsrulebaSi, anu qmedebis

Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaSi Setanili uSualo wvlili.

kanonmdebeli ssk 22-e muxlSi amsruleblis materialur-

obieqtur Teorias ayalibebs, radgan erTpirovnuli

amsruleblisa da Tanaamsruleblis gverdiT SualobiT

amsrulebelsac, romelic danaSauls sxvisi meSveobiT sCadis,

amsruleblad Tvlis.

materialur-obieqturi Teoriis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani

ganStoeba qmedebaze batonobis moZRvrebaa. qmedebaze batonobis

moZRvrebiT, amsrulebelia is, vinc qmedebaze batonobs, e.i.

amsrulebeli danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ZiriTadi figuraa,

amsrulebelia is, visac SeuZlia danaSaulebrivi qmedebis

233

ganxorcielebisas am qmedebis Tavisi nebaze damuxruWeba,

warmarTva da misi formireba.

germanuli sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikis mixedviT qmedebaze batonobis

saxeebia: qmedebaze faqtiuri batonoba (qmedebis obieqturi mxaris

ganxorcieleba srulad an nawilobriv), SualobiTi amsruleblis mier sxvis

nebaze batonoba (Seuracxadis, vis compulsiva-s saSualebiT, mometebuli

codnis safuZvelze), qmedebaze organizaciuli batonoba mkacrad

organizebul ierarqiaSi, qmedebaze funqcionaluri batonoba

Tanaamsruleblis mier (saerTo gegmis farglebSi danaSaulis Casadenad

mniSvnelovani funqciis Sesruleba).

amsruleblis da Tanamonawilis gamijvna advilia specialur,

Sereuli umoqmedobis da sakuTari xeliT Casaden deliqtebSi,

radgan am deliqtebis amsrulebeli mxolod is piria, romelsac

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli es specialuri niSani axasiaTebs.140

Tanaamsruleblobis obieqturi mxare qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis mixedviT ori an ramdenime piris mier qmedebis

Semadgenlobis mTlianad an nawilobriv ganxorcielebaSi

gamoixateba. rodesac ori an ramdenime piri qmedebis

Semadgenlobas erTad, erTiani ganzraxviT da saerTo gegmis,

saerTo miznis misaRwevad axorcielebs, isini Tanaamsruleblebi

arian, anu moqmedebs urTierTSeracxvis (da ara aqcesorobis)

principi. Tanaamsruleblebs erTmaneTis qmedeba SeeracxebaT da

isini ise daisjebian, TiTqos maT qmedebis Semadgenlobis yvela

niSani Tavad, sakuTari xeliT ganexorcielebinoT.

140 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 156-

dan.

234

magaliTi: ramdenime piri msxverpls iWers, erTi ki klavs mas. Aam

SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaamsrulebelia. Tanaamsrulebelia is, vinc msxverpls

sakuTari xeliT klavs da aseve Tanaamsrulebelia yvela is, vinc

msxverplis daWeriT Zaladobs, mas Tavdacvis saSualebas uspobs da

amgvarad, qmedebaze batonobs.

danaSaulis Cadenis martoden gaadvileba anda danaSaulis

Cadenis adgilze yofna, qmedebaze batonobis gareSe, daxmarebaa

da ara Tanaamsrulebloba.141

Tanaamsruleblebi yovelTvis erTi da imave muxliT ar

daisjebian. SesaZlebelia maTi qmedebebis sxvadasxva muxliT

dakvalificireba, Tu erT-erTi TanaasmruleblisaTvis

kanonmdebelma privilegiuri Semadgenloba Seqmna.

magaliTi: mSobiare mSobiarobisas an umalve mSobiarobis Semdeg

axalSobilis mkvlelobis dros (uecrad warmoSobili ganzraxvisas)

danaSauls Semamsubuqebel garemoebaSi axorcielebs (dedis mier

axalSobilis mkvleloba ssk 112-e muxli). Tu axalSobilis mama mSobiares

Cvilis mkvlelobaSi exmareba, igi arasrulwlovnis an umweo mdgomareobaSi

myofis mkvlelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs (ssk 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b)

punqti).

Tanaamsrulebloba SesaZlebelia rogorc moqmedebisas, aseve

(Sereuli) umoqmedobisas. Sereuli umoqmedobis

Tanaamsrulebels (garants) erTiani gegmis safuZvelze da

sakuTari valdebulebis darRveviT damdgari Sedegi Seeracxeba

da ara meore garantis mier valdebulebis darRveva.142

141 gamijvna danaSaulis Cadenis drois da adgilis mixedviT ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi,

danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 152-dan.

235

magaliTi: Tu mSoblebi serTo gegmis Tanaxmad mokvlis mizniT ar aWmeven

Svils, isini mkvlelobis umoqmedobiT Tanaamsruleblebi iqnebian, radgan

Sedegis mimarT maT erTiani mizani amoZravebT da am miznis

gansaxorcieleblad ar asrulebs orive garantis movaleobas.

Sereuli umoqmedobiT Tanaamsruleblobis aRiarebisas Tanaamsruleblebi

danaSaulis jgufurad CadenisaTvis daisjebian.

wminda umoqmedobis deliqtebSi, sadac piri personaluri

movaleobis SeusruleblobisaTvis isjeba da ara raime Sedegis

dadgomisaTvis, savaldebulo moqmedebis ganxorcielebis

movaleoba ramdenime adamianze ar gadanawildeba, amitomac

Tanaamsrulebloba SeuZlebelia.

magaliTi: petre da pavle uyureben, rogor ixrCoba maTi mezobeli vaso da

ar exmarebian mas, Tumca maT es SeuZliaT. petre da pavle dauxmareblobis

(ssk 129-e muxli) dispoziciaSi gaTvaliswinebul solidarul movaleobas

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad arRveven, maT erTmaneTis solidaruli

movaleobis Seusrulebloba ar SeeracxebaT da amitomac isini

dauxmareblobis Tanaamsruleblebi ki ar arian, aramed dauxmareblobis

erTpirovnuli amsruleblebi.

Tanaamsruleblobis subieqturi mxare danaSaulis

ganxorcielebaSi winaswar (Tundac konkludentur) SeTanxmebas

da saerTo gegmas moicavs. Tanaamsruleblebi saerTo miznis

gansaxorcieleblad erToblivad unda moqmedebdnen.

Tanaamsruleblobis yvelaze aSkara, klasikur SemTxvevasTan

gvaqvs saqme, rodesac ori an ramdenime, braleulad moqmedi piri


2008, gv. 184.

236

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebas marTlsawinaaRmdegod da

braleulad erTad asrulebs.

magaliTi: Tanaamsruleblebi iqnebian petre da pavle, romlebic

moilaparakeben da saerTo gegmis mixedviT janmrTelobis msubuqad

dazianebis mizniT erTad scemen ivanes.

winaswari SeTanxmeba SesaZlebelia JestikulaciiT an

konkludenturad (anu faqtobrivad ganxorcielebuli moqmedebiT,

rodesac danaSaulis ganxorcielebis saerTo gegma naTelia).143

TanaamsruleblobisaTvis aucilebeli araa saerTo motivi.

Tanaamsruleblebs saerTo danaSaulebrivi mizani unda

aerTianebdeT, amitomac Tanaamsrulebloba mxolod (pirveli da

meore xarisxis) pirdapiri ganzraxviTaa SesaZlebeli.144

eventualur ganzraxvas es saerTo mizani ar arsebobs. piri am

dros nebismier damdgar Sedegs egueba deviziT: „moxdes, rac

mosaxdenia“.

SeuZlebelia aseve Tanaamsrulebloba gaufrTxileblobiT. Tu

orma pirma danaSaulebrivi Sedegi windaxedulobis normis

darRveviT, erToblivad gamoiwvia, orive gaufrTxileblobis

paralaluri amsruleblobisaTvis daisjeba. gaufrTxilebeli

paraleluri amsruleblobisas Sedegis gamomwvevi Tu ver

dadgindeba, qmedeba dausjeli rCeba.

143 BGHSt 37, 289 (292); Ebert, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil, Heidelberg 2001, 3. Aufl., S. 201.


2008, gv. 185.

237

magaliTi: orma pirma sruliad identuri iaraRiT erTdroulad isrola da

gamvleli SemTxveviT mokla. ver dadginda, Tu konkretulad visma qmedebam

gamoiwvia Sedegi. qveda instanciis sasamarTlom qmedeba gaufrTxilebel

Tanaamsruleblobad daakvalificira da pirebi gaufrTxileblobisaTvis

dasaja. sabWoTa kavSiris uzenaesma sasamarTlom ki in dubio pro reo

principidan gamomdinare, yvela eWvi braldebulis sasargeblod gadawyvita

da gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni gamoitana. (SemTxveva sabWoTa periodis

sisxlis samarTlis praqtikidan).145

amgvar SemTxvevbSi dasjadobaSi xarvezebis Tavidan

asacileblad arsebobs mosazreba gaufrTxilebeli

Tanaamsruleblobis samarTlebrivi figuris SemoRebasTan

dakavSirebiT.

erTi Tanaamsruleblis mier saerTo gegmisa da miznisagan

mniSvnelovani gadaxveva danaSaulis eqscesad Sefasdeba da sxva

Tanaamsrulebeli am eqscesisaTvis pasuxs ar agebs damdgari

Saedegis mimarT ganzraxvis ararsebobis gamo.

dasaSvebia Tanaamsrulebloba denad da Sedgenil danaSaulSic.

Tu piri dawyebul Sedgenil danaSauls Semdeg SeuerTda

(suqcesiuri Tanaamsrulebloba), igi pasuxs mxolod im

qmedebisaTvis agebs, rac man ganaxorciela.

magaliTi: Tu petrem yaCaRuri Tavdasxma ganaxorciela, pavle ki mas

Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebis Semdeg sxvisi nivTis aSkara dauflebaSi

miexmara, pavle pasuxs mxolod ZarcvisaTvis agebs, radgan

sisxlissamarTlebrivi ganzraxva qmedebis ganxorcielebisas unda

145 gamyreliZe, sisxlissamarTlebrivi umarTlobis problema da Tanamonawileobis

dasjadobis safuZvli, Tbilisi 1989, gv. 109.

238

arsebobdes da Cadenilis mowoneba (dolus subsequens) ganzraxvad ver

gadaiqceva.

danaSaulSi Tanaamsrulebloba SesaZlebelia danaSaulis

materialur damTavrebamde. danaSaulis materialuri

damTavrebis Semdeg ki Tanaamsrulebloba gamoricxulia.

dasaSvebia Tanaamsrulebloba mizniT dafuZnebul deliqtSi

maSinac ki, rodesac miTvisebis mizani mxolod erT

Tanaamsrulebels amoZravebs.

magaliTi: petre, pavle da vaso mommarageblis mier maRaziis win dadebuli

nivTebidan petresTvis erTad moiparaven erT kompiuters, romelic petres

saswrafod sWirdeba. pavles da vasos miTvisebis mizani ki ara, megobris

daxmarebis altruistuli mizani amoZravebT. miuxedavad amisa, samive

qurdobis Tanaamsrulebeli iqneba da maTi qmedeba jgufurad Cadenil

qurdobad dakvalificirdeba (ssk 177-e muxlis me-3 nawilis a) punqti).

Tanaamsruleblis Secdomas pirovnebaSi (error in persona)

TanaamsrulebelTa qmedebis kvalifikaciaSi araviTari

mniSvneloba ar eniWeba da Tanaamsruleblebi damdgari

SedegisaTvis daisjebian. Tu piri Tavad gaxdeba Tavisi

Tanaamsruleblis mier daSvebuli Secdomis (error in persona)

msxverpli da mas janmrTeloba dauziandeba, maSin es Sedegi

Tanaamsruleblis eqscesad unda Sefasdes.146

146 germanul sisxlis samarTalSi gabatonebulia mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac erTi

Tanaamsruleblis error in persona-s msxverpl Tanaamsrulebels sakuTari janrmTelobis

dazianeba Seeracxeba, Tu aRniSnuli qmedeba saerTo gegmiTaa moculi da pirovnebaSi

amgvari Secdomis safrTxe arsebobs. Heinrich, Strafrecht allgemeiner Teil I, 2. Auflage, Stuttgart 2010,

S. 182, Rn. 1240.

239

Tanaamsruleblobisas Tu pirs saerTo gegmis

gansaxorcieleblad mosamzadebeli qmedeba an mcdeloba Tavad

ar Caudenia, igi pasuxs am qmedebebisaTvis saerTod ar agebs. piri

am SemTxvevaSi pasuxs mxolod sakuTriv ganxorcielebuli

qmedebisaTvis agebs. Tu pirma mxolod danaSaulis dagegmvaSi

miiRo monawileoba da mis qmedebaSi araa danaSaulis

organizaciis niSnebi, man pasuxi mxolod danaSaulis

momzadebisaTvis unda agos, Tu qmedebis danaSaulis momzadebad

Sefasebis winapirobebi ssk me-18 muxlis 1-li da me-2 nawiliT

saxezea.147

3 SualobiTi amsrulebeli

SualobiTi amsruleblobis sqema finalizmiT

I. SualobiTi amsruleblobis qmedebis Semadgenloba

1. SualobiTi amsruleblobis obieqturi mxare

(1) “cocxali iaraRis” mier Cadenili umarTloba

(2) SualobiTi amsrulebloba – arabraleulad moqmedi piris

dayolieba umarTlobis gansaxorcieleblad

2. SualobiTi amsruleblobis subieqturi mxare

147 erTi an ramdenime Tanaamsruleblis mier ganxorcielebuli momzadebis an mcdelobis

urTierTSeracxvis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Sexedulebebi ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi,

danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 173-174.

240

(1) ganzraxva, mimarTuli amsruleblis mier Cadenili

qmedebisaken

(2) ganzraxva, mimarTuli umarTlobis

ganmaxorcielebeli piris “cocxal iaraRad”

gamoyenebisaken.


III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, rogorc ganzraxvis

nawili


ssk ssk 22-e muxlis mixedviT, SualobiTi amsrulebelia is, vinc

danaSauls sxva piris, anu «cocxali iaraRis» meSveobiT Caidens.

SualobiTi amsruleblis batonoba «cocxali iaraRis» qmedebaze

xasiaTdeba an «cocxali iaraRis» nebaze batonobiT, an codnis

saSualebiT batonobiT. SualobiTi amsruleblobisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia «cocxali iaraRis» dausjeloba, razedac ssk

22-e muxlis bolo alternativiT pirdapiraa miTiTebuli. am

muxliT, SualobiTi amsrulebelia is, vinc danaSauls Caidens

iseTi piris meSveobiT, romelsac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

mixedviT asakis, Seuracxaobis an sxva garemoebis gamo ar

daekisreba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba.

241

SualobiTi amsrulebloba SesaZlebelia rogorc moqmedebiT,

aseve umoqmedobiT. rodesac garanti mSvidad uyurebs, Tu rogor

azianebs misi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi sxvas da arafers

akeTebs xelyofis Tavidan asacileblad, ssk me-8 muxlis me-3

nawilis winapirobebis arsebobisas igi umoqmedobiT SualobiTi

amsrulebelia.

«cocxali iaraRi» SeiZleba iyos:

1. piri, romelic qmedebis Semadgenlobas ar asrulebs

dauZleveli Zalis zemoqmedebis gamo (vis absoluta) ara-

qmedebis ganaxorcielebisas

magaliTi: petre vasos xelSi iaraRs Caudebs, gaasrolinebs da kacs

moakvlevinebs.

2. qmedebis Semadgenlobas ar asrulebs aseve «cocxali

iaraRi» sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg

3. bralis gareSe moqmedi piri

(1) Seuracxadi asakis an sulieri avadmyofobis gamo

(2) dahipnozebuli piri (hipnozi, rogorc droebiTi sulieri

aSliloba ssk ssk 34-e muxliT. „akademiuri“, SesaZloa,

praqtikul mniSvnelobas sruliad moklebuli SemTxveva)

(3) misatevebeli Secdomis Camdeni

(4) bralis gamomricxvel garemoebaSi moqmedi (mag.,

savaldebulo brZanebis Semsrulebeli)

242

4. piri, visac Seacdenen da gaufrTxilebel danaSauls

Caadenineben (gamonaklisi ssk 22-e muxlis bolo

alternatividan, sadac kanonmdebeli „cocxali iaraRis“

dausjelobas moiTxovs)

5. gatexili nebiT moqmedi (vis kompulsiva) cocxali iaraRi

(sadavoa)

SesaZlebelia «cocxali iaraRi» sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdegac

moqmedebdes. «cocxali iaraRi» sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg

moqmedebs Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

1. Seracxadi piris iZuleba TviTdazianebis

gansaxorcieleblad

2. Seuracxadis waqezeba TviTmkvlelobis an

TviTdazianebisaken

3. garantis mier SeuracxadisaTvis xelis SeuSleloba

TviTmkvlelobaSi an TviTdazianebaSi.

4. msxverplis nebaze batonoba codnis saSualebiT, piris

Secdena qmedebis faqtobriv mxareSi

magaliTi: msaxiobma vasom Teatralur warmodgenaSi fuWi tyviebis

pistoletiT „Tavi unda moiklas.“ misi mteri petre mas am pistolets

namdviliT Seucvlis. vaso warmodgenisas am namdvli iaraRiT uneburad

Tavs moiklavs.

mgrZnobiare (Seracxadi) pirisTvis TviTmkvlelobis motivis

miwvda sisxlissamarTlebrivad ar daisjeba, radgan

243

TviTmkvlelobisaken waqezeba, anu TviTmkvlelobaSi dayolieba

dasjadi qmedeba araa. am SemTxvevaSi unda gamoviyenoT

argumentaciis wesi – Tu ufro didi, anu dayolieba araa

dasjadi, amgvari qcevis araeTikurobis miuxedavad, erTjeradi

arahumanuri mopyrobac dasjadi ar unda iyos.

amsrulebelisaTvis cru informaciis gadacema, ris Semdegac

amsrulebeli Tavisufali nebiT danaSaulis gadawyvetilebas

miiRebs, arc SualobiTi amsruleblobaa da arc waqezeba.

magaliTi: petres tyuilad uTxra misma dedam, colma giRalatao da petrem

cols scema (ssk 125-e muxli). petres deda araa SualobiTi amsrulebeli,

radgan petrem colis cemis gadawyvetileba sakuTari Tavisufali nebis

safuZvelze miiRo. petres deda arc waqezebisaTvis daisjeba, radgan mas

Svili colis cemisaken ar wauqezebia, anu igi ar dauyoliebia.

rodesac «ukana kaci» amsrulebels, anu «wina kacs», romelsac

danaSaulis Cadena ukve gadawyvetili aqvs, identifikaciaSi

Secdomas Caadeninebs da ganzraxulis nacvlad sxva kacs

moakvlevinebs (manipulirebuli error in persona), SualobiT

amsruleblobad ar dakvalificirdeba.

magaliTi: petrem gaigo, rom pavles saRamos, samsaxuridan mosvlis dros

sadarbazoSi Casafreba da misi mokvla surs. petre samsaxurSi ar wavida da

swored im droisaTvis ivanes TavisTan dapatiJa. sibneleSi pavles ivane

petre egona da igi mokla. aq saxezea manipulirebuli error in persona.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi manipulirebuli error in persona

SualobiT amsruleblobas gamoricxavs, radgan am SemTxvevaSi

«wina kaci», anu amsrulebeli ganzrax da sruldeliqturad

moqmedebs. swori kvalifikacia iqneba manipulatoris dasja

244

mkvlelobis organizaciisaTvis (ssk 24-e muxlis 1-li nawili da

108-e muxli).

SualobiTi amsrulebloba gamoiricxeba:

1. sakuTari xeliT Casaden deliqtebSi

2. valdebulebis daliqtebsa da

3. specialur deliqtebSi

sakuTari xeliT Casaden deliqtebSi, e.i., rodesac pirma

dispoziciaSi aRniSnuli qmedeba Tavad unda ganaxorcielos

danaSaulis Cadena mxolod im pirs SeuZlia, romelic Cvenebas

aZlevs. SualobiTi amsrulebloba am SemTxvevaSi gamoricxulia.

cru Cvenebis micema sakuTari xeliT Casadeni deliqtia. Cvenebis

mimcemze zemoqmedebis moxdena (STagoneba, muqara) da amgvarad

cru Cvenebis micemineba araa SualobiTi amsrulebloba. amgvari

qmedeba 372-e muxliT (zemoqmedebis ganxorcieleba mowmeze,

eqspertze an Tarjimanze) unda dakvalificirdes.

SualobiTi amsrulebeli SeiZleba iyos mxolod is, visac

qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli subieqtis Tvisebebi gaaCnia.

Sesabamisad, «valdebulebis deliqtebSi» SualobiTi

amsrulebloba gamoiricxeba da amsrulebeli mxolod isaa, visac

am valdebulebis Sesruleba ekisreba.148

magaliTi: petre sxvis gadasaxadis qviTars gaanadgurebs, raTa am sxvam

gadasaxadi ar gadaixados da problemebi gauCndes.


245

qviTris dammalavi ar iqneba SualobiTi amsrulebeli da

gadasaxadis argadamxdeli – “cocxali iaraRi“. amgvarad

warmoiSoba xarvezebi dasjadobaSi, rac am zogadi wesidan

(valdebulebis deliqtebis dros SualobiTi amsruleblobis

gamoricxva) gadaxveviT ar unda Seivsos.

dauSvebelia aseve Sereuli umoqmedobis deliqtebis SualobiTi

amsruleblobac. Tu vinme garants moatyuebs, rom misi dacvis

qveS myofs daxmareba ar sWirdeba (an aRar sWirdeba, radgan

mkvdaria) da amgvarad mas misi dacvis qveS myofi pirisaTvis

miSvelebis saSualebas mouspobs, misi qmedeba ganzrax aqtiurad

xelis SeSlaa gadamrCeni mizezobriobis dafuZnebaSi, da

moqmedebiT Cadenil danaSaulad dakvalificirdeba. garantis

qmedeba ki gaufrTxilebel umoqmedobad unda Sefasdes, radgan

garantma Tavisi valdebuleba Tavad unda ganaxorcielos, Tavisi

dacvis qveS myofi piris mdgomareoba Seamowmos da

SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi mas Tavadve unda mieSvelos.

SualobiTi amsruleblobisas SesaZlebelia Secdes rogorc

cocxali iaraRi, aseve SualobiTi amsrulebelic.

«cocxali iaraRis» obieqtSi Secdomisas (error in persona)

SualobiTi amsruleblis qmedebis kvalifikaciasTan

dakavSirebiT SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva mosazrebis ganviTareba.

«cocxali iaraRis» obieqtSi Secdomisas (error in persona)

SualobiTi amsruleblis qmedebis Sefasebis erTi

SesaZleblobaa kvalifikacia (aberratio ictus) acdenil israd. am

246

kvalifikaciisas gamoiyeneba fiqcia, TiTqos SualobiT

amsrulebels meqanikuri iaraRi moemarTos, tyvia mizans

ascdenodes da damiznebulis magier sxva adamiani moeklas.

Sesabamisad, SualobiTi amsrulebeli pasuxs agebs gamiznuli

obieqtis mkvlelobis mcdelobisa (ssk me-19 da 108-e muxlebi) da

xelyofili obiqtis sicocxlis gaufrTxilebeli mospobisaTvis

(ssk 116-e muxli). am kvalifikaciis sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas

is, rom «cocxali iaraRis» Secdomis meqanikuri iaraRis

cdomilebisaTvis gaTanabreba cocxal iaraRad borotad

gamoyenebuli adamianis Rirsebas laxavs. amasTanave, amgvari

kvalifikacia acdenili isris konstruqcias ewinaaRmdegeba,

radgan esaa SemTxvevebi, rodesac qmedebis ganxorcielebisas

saxezea rogorc gamiznuli, aseve da xelyofili obieqti. garda

amisa, gaufrTxileblobisaTvis pasuxismgebloba SeuTavsebelia

SualobiT amsruleblobasTan, rac danaSaulis Casadenad sxva

piris ganzrax gamoyenebas moiazrebs.

igive argumentebi gamogvadgeba im mosazrebis sawinaaRmdegod,

romelic SualobiTi amsruleblis mier msxverplis

dakonkretebis sizusteze akeTebs aqcents: Tu SualobiTma

amsrulebelma msxverpli Tavad daakonkreta («cocxal iaraRs»

misi suraTi misca) da «cocxalma iaraRma» sxva adamiani mokla,

maSin SualobiTi amsruleblis qmedeba «acdenil israd» (aberratio

ictus) dakvalificirdeba. Tu SualobiTma amsrulebelma

msxverplis dakonkreteba «cocxal iaraRs» miando, «cocxali

iaraRis» error in persona SualobiTi amsruleblisaTvis aseve error in

247

persona iqneba, anu misi qmedebis kvalifikaciaze araviTar

zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens.

swori mosazrebiT, yvela adamianis sicocxlis

TanabarmniSvnelovnebis Teoriidan gamomdinare, «cocxali

iaraRis» Secdoma obieqtSi (error in persona) SualobiTi

amsruleblis qmedebis kvalifikaciaze zemoqmedebas ar moaxdens

da igi ganzraxi damTavrebuli danaSaulisaTvis unda agebdes

pasuxs.

«cocxali iaraRis» acdenili isris (aberratio ictus) SemTxvevaSi

kvalifikaciis ori SesaZlebeloba gvaqvs. SesaZlebelia mtkiceba

imisa, rom «cocxali iaraRis» aberratio ictus unda dakvalificirdes

rogorc SualobiTi amsruleblis aberratio ictus, radgan SualobiTi

amsrulebeli swored im qmedebisaTvis agebs pasuxs, rac

cocxalma iaraRma ganaxorciela. dasabuTebulia mosazreba,

romelic adamianis sicocxlis TanabarmniSvnelovnebas emyareba,

romlis Tanaxmadac «cocxali iaraRis» acdenili isari (aberratio

ictus) SualobiTi amsruleblis obieqtSi Secdomad (error in persona)

unda dakvalificirdes.

kvalifikacis problemebi iqmneba maSinac, rodesac danaSaulis

Cadenis iniciatori cdeba qmedebaze batonobasa da Sesabamisad,

danaSaulis CadenaSi sakuTari rolTan dakavSirebiT.

magaliTi 1: eqimi eqTans pacientisaTvis gasakeTeblad momakvdinebeli

wamliT savse Sprics gadascems da hgonia, rom eqTanma araferi icis wamlis

momakvdinebeli Tvisebis Sesaxeb. eqTani swor informacias flobs, pacients

mokvlis ganzraxviT am momakvdinebel wamals gaukeTebs da moklavs. eqTani

248

am dros danaSauls sCadis, anu sruldeliqturad moqmedebs. Tu

kvalifikacias subieqtur Teoriaze davayrdnobT, eqimis Sexeduleba iqneba

gadamwyveti. radgan mas egona, rom igi danaSaulis Casadenad cocxal

iaraRs iyenebda da amgvarad qmedebaze batonobda, misi qmedeba SualobiTi

amsrulebelobad unda davakvalificiroT. Tu qmedebas obieqtur Teoriaze

dayrdnobiT davakvalificirebT, eqimis qmedeba danaSaulis organizaciad

unda dakvalificirdes, radgan igi faqtiurad danaSaulis Cadenas awyobs,

anda daxmarebad, radgan igi danaSaulis Cadenis iaraRs awvdis

amsrulebels.

magaliTi 2: eqimi eqTans pacientisaTvis gasakeTeblad momakvdinebeli

wamliT savse Sprics gadascems da hgonia, rom eqTanma icis wamlis

momakvdinebeli Tvisebis Sesaxeb, eqTani ki am informacias ar flobs. igi

pacients mkurnalobis mizniT am wamals gaukeTebs da pacienti mokvdeba. Tu

qmedebas obieqtur Teoriaze dayrdnobiT davakvalificirebT, obieqturi

garemoebebidan gamomdinare, eqimi SualobiTi amsrulebelia, subieqturi

TeoriiT, eqimis Sexedulebis mixedviT ki - damxmare.

amgvar qmedebaTa subieqturi Teoriis mixedviT kvalifikacia

qmedebaze batonobis Teorias ewinaaRmdegeba, radgan SeuZlebelia

piris mier sxvis nebaze batonoba mxolod misi ganzraxvis

Sinaarsis mixedviT, sxvis qmedebaze obieqturad batonobis

gareSe.

amgvari Secdomis obieqturi Teoriis mixedviT kvalifikaciis

gakritikeba ki Semdegnairadaa SesaZlebeli: SualobiTi

amsruleblobisaTvis aucilebelia ganzraxva qmedebaze

batonobis mimarT. Tu pirs hgonia, rom igi organizatoria an

damxmare, sinamdvileSi ki igi SualobiTi amsruleblis funqcias

249

asrulebs, mas organizatoris an damxmaris ganzraxva aqvs da ara

SualobiTi amsruleblobisa.

miuxedavad amisa, amgvari Secdomebi obieqtur Teoriaze

dayrdnobiT unda dakvalificirdes da ara subieqturi Teoriis

mixedviT, anu Tu eqTani ganzrax, anu sruldeliqturad moqmedebs,

eqimi daxmarebis an danaSaulis organizaciisaTvis unda

daisajos. Tu eqTani wamlis momakvdinebel TvisebebSi cdeba, igi

„cocxali iaraRia“ da eqimi SualobiTi amsruleblobiTsaTvis

daisjeba.

danaSauli SualobiTi amsruleblobisas iwyeba maSin, rodesac

SualobiTma amsrulebelma «cocxal iaraRze» zemoqmedeba

moaxdina, mas umarTlobis ganxorcielebis gadawyvetileba

miaRebina da amgvarad danaSaulis Casadenad pirobebi Seqmna

(momzadeba). Tu piri ecdeba arabraleulobis mdgomareobaSi

myofis danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebas da mizans ver miaRwevs,

mas danaSauls ver moamzadebinebs, es qmedeba dausjel

momzadebis momzadebad unda dakvalificirdes.

SualobiTi amsruleblis mier danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aReba aqtiur qmedebaSi unda gamoixatos, anu man avtonomiuri

motiviT xeli unda SeuSalos «cocxal iaraRs» danaSaulis

CadenaSi.

SualobiTma amsrulebelma mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT unda

imoqmedos. dauSvebelia SualobiTi amsrulebloba eventualuri

ganzraxviT da gaufrTxileblobiT. SeuZlebelia mtkiceba imisa,

250

rom piri sxvis nebaze eventualuri ganzraxviT batonobda, anu

ar surda qmedebaze batonoba da mainc moqmedebda (ganzraxva, ssk

me-9 muxlis me-3 nawili), anda igi Sedegis Tavidan acilebas

usafuZvlod imedovnebda (TviTimedovneba, gaufrTxilebloba, ssk

me-10 muxlis me-2 nawili) da mainc batonobda «cocxali iaraRis»

nebaze.

4 TanamonawileobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis winapirobebi

Tanamonawileobas aqcesoruli xasiaTi aqvs, es imas niSnavs, rom

Tanamonawilis qmedebis dasjadoba amsruleblis mier

ganxorcielebul qmedebazea damokidebuli. Tu amsrulebelma

danaSauli moamzada, Tanamonawile momzadebaSi

TanamonawileobisaTvis agebs pasuxs. Tu amsrulebelma

danaSaulis Cadena scada, Tanamonawile mcdelobis

Tanamonawilea. Tu amsrulebelma danaSauli daamTavra,

Tanamonawile damTavrebul danaSaulSi TanamonawileobisaTvis

daisjeba. qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi gaziarebulia logikuri

aqcesoroba, romlis mixedviTac TanmonawileobisaTvis

aucilebelia amsruleblis mier danaSaulis Cadena.

limitirebuli aqcesorobis Teoria, romelic

TanamonawileobisaTvis umarTlobis Cadenas sakmarisad Tvlis,

ssk 23-e muxls ewinaaRmdegeba, romelSic kanondebeli

Tanamonawileoba ganmartavs rogorc ori an meti piris ganzrax

erTobliv monawileobas ganzraxi danaSaulis (da ara

umarTlobis) gamxorcielebaSi.

limitirebuli aqcesoroba germanul sisxlis samarTals axasiaTebs.

aqcesorobis es saxe im pirTa dasasjeladaa saWiro, romlebic bralis

251

gareSe moqmed specialur subieqts umarTlobis CadenaSi daexmarebian, an

maT umarTlobis Casadenad waaqezeben. mag., TanamonawileobisaTvis daisjeba

mavani, romelic Seuracxadobis mdgomareobaSi moqmed mosamarTles araswor

ganaCens gamoataninebs an suliT avadmyof eqims profesiul saidumlos

gamostyuebs. amgvari qmedebebi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi specialuri

muxlebiTaa daregulirebuli, rac limitirebuli aqcesorobis

aucileblobas gamoricxavs.149

Tanamonawileobis obieqturi mxare moicavs mizezobrivi kavSiri

Tanamonawilis qmedebasa da amsruleblis mier Cadenil

danaSaulebriv da dasjad qmedebas Soris. am mizezobrivi

kavSiris gareSe Tanamonawileoba ar arsebobs. damxmaris

qmedebasa da amsruleblis qmedebas Soris pirobaTa TeoriiT

gaTvaliswinebuli mizezobrioba (ssk me-8 muxlis me-2 nawili)

yovelTvis araa saxeze.

magaliTi: petre ivanes binis gasaqurdad kibis gadatanaSi miexmara. kibe

msubuqi iyo da ivane mas petres gareSec gadaitanda. petre daxmarebisaTvis

daisjeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis gareSe binaSi ukanonod SeRweviT

qurdoba mainc ganxorcieldeboda.

praqtikaSi SesaZlebelia SevxvdeT jaWvuri Tanamonawileobas,

rac Semdegnairad kvalificirdeba: waqezeba waqezebisaken

waqezebaa, waqezeba daxmarebisaken daxmareba, daxmareba waqezebaSi

daxmarebaa, daxmareba daxmarebaSi daxmareba, waqezeba

organizaciisaken organizaciaa, daxmareba organizaciaSi ki

daxmareba.

149 dawvrilebiT am sakiTxze ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli

formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 206.

252

Tanamonawileobis subieqturi mxare mxolod ganzraxvas moicavs.

gaufrTxilebeli Tanamonawileoba ssk 23-e muxliT dauSvebelia.

viwro gagebiT TanamonawileTa ganzraxva ormagi xasiaTisaa. igi

moicavs:

1. ganzraxvas sakuTari qmedebis

2. ganzraxvas amsruleblis qmedebis mimarT da

3. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segnebas.

viwro gagebiT Tanamonawileebi mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT

moqmedeben. Teoriulad warmoudgenelia, rom viwro gagebiT

Tanamonawiles sakuTari qmedebis mimarT eventualuri ganzraxva

amoZravebdes. Mmas, sul mcire, sakuTari qmedebis mimarT meore

xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva mainc aqvs.

magaliTi: petrem vasos didi xvewnis Semdeg ivanes mosaklavad iaraRi

misca. mas rogorc sakuTari qmedebis, aseve amsruleblis qmedebis mimarT

meore xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva amoZravebda, radgan icoda, rasac rom

sxvas mosaklavad iaraRs aZlevda da isic, rom is sxva am iaraRiT

msxverpls moklavda (Sedegis garduvaloba).

SeuZlebelia ganzraxi monawileoba gaufrTxilebel danaSaulSi.

gaufrTxileblad moqmedi amsruleblis gamoyeneba danaSaulis

Casadenad SualobiTi amsruleblobaa (ssk 22-e muxlis

ganvrcobiTi ganmarteba). dauSvebelia aseve ganzrax Cadenil

danaSaulSi gaufrTxilebeli Tanamonawileoba, gaufrTxilebeli

waqezeba, daxmareba, danaSaulis gaufrTxilebeli organizacia. es

253

ewinaaRmdegeba ssk 23-e muxls, romelic ganzrax Cadenil

danaSaulSi ganzrax monawileobas moiTxovs.

Tanamonawileoba arc maSinaa, rodesac yvela gaufrTxileblad

moqmedebs.

magaliTi: Tu petre Tavisi dedis TxovniT xes moWris, es xe mezoblis

avtomanqanas daecema da mas mniSvnelovnad daazianebs, deda

gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis, sxvisi nivTis gaufrTxilebeli dazianebis

(188-e muxlis) gaufrTxilebeli wamqezebeli ar iqneba, radgan

gaufrTxilebeli waqezeba dogmatikurad ar arsebobs.

5 organizatori

organizaciis sqema finalizmis mixedviT ssk 24-e muxlis 1-öli

nawili

I. danaSaulis organizaciis qmedebis Semadgenloba

1. organizaciis obieqturi mxare

(1) amsruleblis mier Cadenili ganzraxi, marTlsawinaaRmdego

da braleuli qmedeba

(2) danaSaulis organizacia

2. organizaciis subieqturi mxare


qmedebisaken

(2) ganzraxva, sakuTari organizaciuli qmedebis mimarT

254

II. marTlwinaaRmdegoba - marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli

garemoebis ararseboba

III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, rogorc ganzraxvis nawili


organizatoris qmedebis obieqtur mxares ssk 24-e muxlis 1-li

nawili iTvaliswinebs. am muxlis mixedviT, organizatoria is,

vinc moawyo danaSaulis Cadena an xelmZRvanelobda mis

ganxorcilebas, agreTve is, vinc Seqmna organizebuli jgufi an

xelmZRvanelobda mas.

danaSaulis organizacia mxolod sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

zogad nawilSi araa gaTvaliswinebuli. arsebobs aseve

danaSaulis organizaciis konkretuli Semadgenlobac ssk kerZo

nawilSi. ssk 327-e muxli (teroristuli organizaciis Seqmna an

xelmZRvaneloba anda masSi monawileoba), sadac danaSaulis

organizacia damoukidebel danaSauladaa Camoyalibebuli.

organizatoris qmedeba waqezeblis da fsiqikuri daxmarebis

CarCoebs scildeba. SesaZlebelia, rom organizatoriwinaswar

mxolod organizaciul sakiTxebs agvarebdes da danaSaulis

ganxorcielebisas Tavad danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze arc ki

iyos. Tu organizatori amsruleblis funqciasac asrulebs, misi

255

qmedeba ssk 25-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT amsruleblobad

dakvalificirdeba.150

organizatori mxolod pirdapiri ganzraxviT moqmedebs.

warmoudgenelia, rom piri, romelsac qmedebis Cadenis survili ar

aqvs, anu eventualuri ganzraxviT moqmedebs, danaSaulis Cadenas

awyobdes, mis ganxorcielebas xelmZRvanelobdes, organizebul

jgufs qmnides an xelmZRvanelobdes mas. ufro metic,

organizators ormagi pirdapiri ganzraxva unda amoZravebdes

rogorc Tavisi qmedebis, aseve sxva TanamonawileTa qmedebis

mimarTac.

eventualuri ganzraxviT danaSaulis organizaciis dasaSvebobis

mtkicebisaTvis ar gamogvadgeba Semdegi

magaliTi: pirma kacis mosaklavad mkvleli daiqirava da iTvaliswinebs, rom

man mokluli SeiZleba gaZarcvos kidec, Tumca ar surs es.

Zarcva gamizvniTi, anu pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxviT

Casadeni deliqtia da misi eventualuri ganzraxviT Cadena

dauSvebelia.151 Tu organizators amsruleblis mier Cadenili

qmedebis ganxorcieleba ar surda (eventualuri ganzraxva),

saxezea amsruleblis eqscesi. rogorc Tvisebrivi, aseve

150 organizatori TanamonawileTa Soris yvelaze ufro saSiSi figuraa, amitomac

mxardaWeras imsaxurebs sisxlis samarTlis mecnierebaSi gamoTqmuli Sexeduleba,

romlis mixedviTac organizators danaSaulis CadenaSi uSualo monawileoba

(Tana)amsruleblad ver aqcevs. naWyebia, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis

samarTali (saxelmZRvanelo), zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 282.


2008, gv. 195.

256

raodenobrivi eqscesisas organizatorma pasuxi unda agos

mxolod im msubuqi danaSaulisaTvis, romlis organizaciac man

ganaxorciela.152

6 wamqezebeli

waqezebis sqema finalizmis mixedviT, ssk 24-e muxlis me-2 nawili

I. waqezebis qmedebis Semadgenloba

1. waqezebis obieqturi mxare

(1) amsruleblis mier Cadenili ganzraxi

marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba

(2) waqezeba – sxva piris dayolieba ganzraxi danaSaulis

Casadenad

2. waqezebis subieqturi mxare


qmedebisaken

(2) ganzraxva, mimarTuli amsruleblis ganzraxi

danaSaulis Casadenad dayoliebisaken

152 gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi danaSaulis organizatoris mier evetualuri ganzraxviT

moqmedebas uSvebs naWyebia. misi azriT, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac organizators ara aqvs

dazustebuli savaraudo amsruleblis moqmedebis farglebi da Segnebulad uSvebs

amsruleblis mier ufro mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SesaZleblobas, dasaSvebia misi

pasuxismgebloba eventualuri ganzraxvisaTvis, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac adgili

aqvs amsruleblis Tvisebriv eqscess. naWyebia, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis

samarTali, zogadi nawili, Tbilisi 2016, gv. 282.

257


marTlwinaaRmdegobis gamomricxveli garemoebebis ararseboba

III. brali

1. bralunarianoba

2. marTlwinaaRmdegobis Segneba, rogorc ganzraxvis nawili


sakanonmdeblo (legaluri) definiciis Tanaxmad, waqezeba

danaSaulis Casadenad dayoliebaa (ssk 24-e muxlis me-2 nawili).

waqezebisaTvis aucilebelia inteleqtualuri kontaqti

wamqezebelsa da amsrulebels Soris. wamqezeblobis farTo

gageba, amsruleblisaTvis danaSaulis Cadenineba danaSaulis

Cadenis situaciis SeqmniT, amsruleblis nebaze uSualo

zemoqmedebis da misi dayoliebis gareSe, wamqezeblobis ssk 24-e

muxlis me-2 nawiliT qarTul sisxlis samarTals ewinaaRmdegeba.

waqezeba dayoliebaa ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenisaTvis da ara

umarTlobis CadenisaTvis. Tu piri amsruleblis nebaze

imoqmedebs da mas umarTlobas Caadeninebs, igi ssk 22-e muxliT

(danaSaulis amsrulebloba) SualobiTi amsrulebeli iqneba da

ara wamqezebeli. SualobiTi amsrulebeli danaSaulis Casadenad

bralis gareSe moqmed da umarTlobis ganmaxorcielebel

«cocxal iaraRs» iyenebs. wamqezeblisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic

Seracxad pirs danaSaulis Casadenad iyoliebs, SualobiTi

258

amsrulebeli qmedebaze batonobs cocxal iaraRze batonobis

gziT.

wamqezebeli araa yvela is, vinc amsrulebelze danaSaulis

Cadenamde inteleqtualur zemoqmedebas axorcielebs.

wamqezeblobisaTvis damatebiT saWiroa qmedebis intensivoba, anu

dayolieba danaSaulis Casadenad. Tu pirs danaSaulis Cadenis

gadawyvetileba ukve miRebuli aqvs (laT., omnimodo facturus) da

masze fsiqikuri zemoqmedeba am gadawyvetilebas mas mxolod

ganumtkicebs, fsiqikuri zemoqmedebis ganmaxorcielebeli

fsiqikuri damxmare iqneba da ara wamqezebeli.

rogorc wesi, SeuZlebelia umoqmedobiT waqezeba. Tu garanti

xedavs, rom misi zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi vinmes danaSaulis

Casadenad aqezebs da igi arafers akeTebs amgvari dayoliebis

Tavidan asacileblad, saqme gveqneba umoqmedobiT

ganxorcielebuli SualobiTi amsruleblobiT waqezebis

gamonaklis SemTxvevasTan.

waqezeba konkretulobiT xasiaTdeba, anu waqezeba konkretuli

piris waqezebaa konkretuli danaSaulis CadenisaTvis da ara

konkretuli piris raime danaSaulis CadenisaTvis waqezeba.

SemTxveva: braldebuli Sexvda mowmes, romelsac fuli metad sWirdeboda.

braldebulma mas urCia, nivTebi gaeyida, razedac mowmem uariT upasuxa,

braldebulma mas uTxra, rom maSin mas «an banki unda gaequrda anda

benzingasamarTi sadguri». amaze mowmes araferi upasuxia. mowme marTlac

Tavs daesxa banks da 39 775 germanul markas daeufla.153

153 germaniis federaluri sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mokled BGHSt 34, 63-68.

259

germanulma ssasamarTlom braldebulis qmedebis wamqezeblobad

kvalifikacia gamoiricxa im dasabuTebiT, rom qmedebis

wamqezeblobad kvalifikaciisaTvis wamqezeblis ganzraxva

amsruleblis konkretuli qmedebisaken unda iyos mimarTuli da

konkretuli qmedebis mniSvnelovani niSnebi saxeze unda

gvqondes.

wamqezebloba araa aseve danaSaulis Casadenad individualurad

ganusazRvrel pirTa mowodeba. mometebuli socialuri

saSiSroebidan gamomdinare, individualurad ganusazRvrel pirTa

mowodeba saqarTvelos konstituciuri wyobilebis ZaladobiT

Secvlisaken an saxelmwifo xelisuflebis damxobisaken sisxlis

samarTlis kerZo nawilSi gaTvaliswinebuli damoukidebeli

danaSaulia (317-e muxli).

sxva adamianSi danaSaulis Cadenis survilis gamowveva

socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebiT danaSaulis waqezeba araa.

magaliTi: Tu petrem stefanes mxolod uambo, rom vaso metad mdidaria da

amgvarad stefanes vasos gaqurdvis survili gauCnda, petre qurdobis

wamqezebeli ar iqneba, radgan wamqezebels waqezebis ganzraxva, piris

danaSaulis CadenisaTvis dayoliebis survili unda hqondes.

wamqezebeli pirdapiri ganzraxviT unda moqmedebdes, radgan

dayolieba, anu waqezeba gamizvniTia da amitomac eventualuri

ganzraxviT waqezeba SeuZlebelia. wamqezebels unda

amoZravebdes ganzraxva rogorc Tavisi, aseve amsruleblis mier

Cadenili qmedebis mimarT, anu mas ormagi ganzraxva unda hqondes.

260

amsruleblis mier daSvebuli Secdoma msxverplis pirovnebaSi

(error in persona) wamqezeblisaTvis unda dakvalificirdes rogorc

error in persona da wamqezebelma pasuxi ganzraxi danaSaulisaken

waqezebisaTvis unda agos. ufro rTulia wamqezeblis qmedebis

kvalifikacia maSin, rodesac amsrulebeli msxverplis

pirovnebaSi ki ar Secdeba, aramed mas sworad Seicnobs, magram

mizans aacdens da gamiznuls ki ara, aramed sxva adamians

mouspobs sicocxles, anu acdenili isris (aberratio ictus)

SemTxvevebSi. amsruleblis qmedeba sworad identificirebuli

msxverlis miznis acdenisas gamiznuli msxverplis mkvlelobis

mcdelobad da gardacvlili msxverplis sicocxlis

gaufrTxilebel mospobad kvalificirdeba. amgvar SemTxvevebSi

wamqezeblis qmedebis kvalifikaciis Semdegi SesaZleblobebi

arsebobs: miuxedevad imisa, rom wamqezebeli danaSaulis

waqezebisas windaxedulobis normas ki ar arRvevs, aramed sxvas

danaSaulis Casadenad iyoliebs da gaufrTxilebeli waqezeba

dogmatikurad SeuZlebelia, amsruleblis aberratio ictus

dakvalificirdeba rogorc wamqezeblis aberratio ictus, anu rogorc

gaufrTxilebeli sicocxlis mospoba paraleluri

amsruleblobiT da mkvlelobis mcdelobisaken waqezeba.

SesaZlebelia meore Sexedulebis ganviTarebac da

gaufrTxilebeli Tanamonawileobis SeuZleblobasa da adamianTa

sicocxlis TanabarmniSvnelovnebiT Teoriaze dayrdnobiT,

wamqezeblisaTvis amsruleblis acdenili isris (aberratio ictus)

pirovnebaSi Secdomad (error in epersona) dakvalificireba.

261

wamqezeblobisagan gansxvavdeba danaSaulis provokacia (ssk 145-e

muxli), romlis drosac piri sxvas iyoliebs danaSaulis

Casadenad misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxisgebaSi micemis

mizniT. provokatoris qmedeba wamqezeblis qmedebisagan mizniT

gansxvavdeba. wamqezebels amsrulebelTan erTad danaSaulis

Cadena surs. mas aqvs ormagi ganzraxva, anu mas aqvs ganzraxva

sakuTari qmedebis mimarT (piris danaSaulisaken waqezebis

mimarT) da ganzraxva amsruleblis mier damTavrebuli

danaSaulis Cadenis mimarT. provokators ki surs, rom

amsrulebelma danaSauli moamzados an danaSaulis Cadena

scados da amisaTvis man sisxlissamarTlebrivad agos pasuxi.

misi mizani ar moicavs amsruleblis mier damTavrebuli

danaSaulis Cadenas.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi araa gaTvaliswinebuli, Tu rogor

dakvalificirdeba qmedeba maSin, rodesac agent-provokatoris

mier waqezebuli piri danaSauls daasrulebs. miuxedavad imisa,

rom agent-provokators Sedegis dadgomis survili ar aqvs,

SeiZleba igi praqtikaSi wamqezeblobisaTvis daisajos, radgan

man piris danaSaulis Cadenisaken waqezebiT danaSaulis Cadenis

safrTxe Seqmna, rac SedegSi ganxorcielda kidec. amgvari

kvalifikacia winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda gaufrTxilebeli

Tanamonawileobis dogmatikuri SeuZleblobis sayovelTaod

aRiarebul debulebasTan.154

154 amitomac misaRebia sakanonmdeblo winadadeba ssk 145-e muxlis redaqciis SecvlasTan

dakavSirebiT, romlis mixedviTac am muxls unda daematos ori damamZimebeli garemoeba,

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis damZimeba mZime danaSaulis provokaciisaTvis

da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis damZimeba gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis

262

Tu waqezebis mosurnes xeli moecara da piri danaSaulis

Casadenad ver daiyolia, igi ssk 25-e muxlis me-7 nawilis

Tanaxmad, danaSaulis momzadebisaTvis daisjeba.

7 damxmare

damxmaris sqema finalizmiT (ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawili)

daxmarebis qmedebis Semadgenloba

1. daxmarebis obieqturi mxare

(1) amsruleblis mier Cadenili ganzraxi,

marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedeba

(2) daxmareba danaSaulSi

2. daxmarebis subieqturi mxare


qmedebisaken

(2) ganzraxva sakuTari qmedebis mimarT

ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, damxmarea is, vinc xeli Seuwyo

danaSaulis Cadenas. Sesabamisad, logikuri aqcesorobis

principidan gamomdinare, damxmaris dasasjelad aucilebelia

amsruleblis mier daumTavrebeli an damTavrebuli danaSaulis

Cadena. dogmatikurad SesaZlebelia daxmareba danaSaulis

provokaciisaTvis. ix. Todua, wignSi: lekveiSvili/mamulSvili/Todua, sisxlis

samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, Tbilisi 2019, gv. 339.

263

momzadebasa da mcdelobaSi, magram xelmocaruli (uSedego)

daxmareba ar isjeba.

magaliTi 1: petrem vasos binis qurdobisaTvis morgebuli gasaRebi gadasca.

gasaRebiT binaSi Sesuli vaso policiam daakava. petre pasuxs binis

qurdobis mcdelobaSi daxmarebisaTvis agebs (ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawili,

me-19 muxlis 1-li nawili da 177-e muxlis me-3 nawilis g) punqti).

magaliTi 2: petrem SemTxveviT gaigo, rom vasos Rame, 12 saaTze pavles binis

qurdoba hqonda gadawyvetili. petrem danaSaulis Cadenis droisaTvis

specialuri generaluri gasaRebi daamzada da gasaRebis vasosaTvis

gadasacemad danaSaulis adgilisaken gaemarTa. sanam petre Tavisi

generaluri gasaRebiT adgilze mividoda, vasom pavles bina gaqurda da

saxlSi wavida. petres qmedeba, generaluri gasaRebis damzadeba da

danaSaulis Cadenis adgilze misvla araviTar kavSirSi araa vasos mier

binis gaqurdvasTan. misi qmedeba uSedego, dausjeli daxmarebaa.

ssk 27-e muxlis me-5 nawilis ukudaskvnidan gamomdinare, uSedego

daxmareba araa dasjadi. ssk 27-e muxlis me-5 nawili martoden

uSedego waqezebis dasjadobas iTvaliswinebs. am SemTxvevaSi

adgili aqvs kanonmdeblis gegmur xarvezs da am regulaciis

analogiiT gamoyeneba piris sazianod dauSvebelia.

daxmarebis obieqturi mxare moicavs danaSaulis CadenaSi

fizikur da fsiqikur daxmarebas. danaSaulis CadenaSi fizikuri

daxmareba SeiZleba gamoixatos danaSaulis Casadenad iaraRis

gadacemaSi, danaSaulis CadenisaTvis an Cadenisas sxvadasxva

dabrkolebis Tavidan acilebaSi, msxverplis Sesaxeb informaciis

mopovebaSi, qurdobisas „darajad dgomaSi“155 da sxv. daxmareba

155 „darajad dgomas“ daxmarebad akvalificireben Hilgendorf/Valerius, Strafrecht Allgemeiner Teil,

München 2013, S. 136, Rn. 147.

264

amsruleblobisagan imiTi gansxvavdeba, rom piri daxmarebisas

qmedebis Semadgenlobas Tavad uSualod ar axorcielebs da arc

sxvagvarad batonobs qmedebaze. „darajad mdgomi“ qmedebaze

martoden maSin ibatonebs, rodesac igi damatebiT sxva

funqciebsac SeiTavsebs. mag., bankis dayaCaRebisas SeiaraRebuli

darajis bankis Senobis win dgoma Tanaamsruleblobaa, radgan

Zaladobrivi Tavdasxma yaCaRobis qmedebis Semadgenlobis

nawilia. Tu „darajad mdgoms“ qmedebis saTaveebi xelSi ar

upyria, misi funqcia umniSvneloa da igi qmedebaze

funqcionaluri batonobiT verc Tanaamsrulebeli iqneba.

aucilebeli araa, rom pirma amsrulebels daxmareba danaSaulis

Cadenamde aRuTqvas. danaSaulSi daxmarebaa yovelgvari qmedeba,

romelic danaSaulis Cadenas uwyobs xels, winaswar Sepirebuli

iqneba is Tu winaswar Seupirebeli.

magaliTi 1: petre vasos kacis mosaklavad iaraRis gadacemas Sehpirda da

mogvianebiT mas iaraRi gadasca kidec. vaso Tu am iaraRiT kacs marTlac

moklavs, petres qmedeba mkvlelobaSi daxmarebad dakvalificirdeba ssk 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawiliTa da 108-e muxliT.

magaliTi 2: uiaraRo vasom kacze mosaklavad gaiwia. petrem vasos

mkvlelobisaTvis dana miaCeCa. vasom am daniT kaci mokla. petres qmedeba

mkvlelobaSi daxmarebad dakvalificirdeba ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawiliTa

da 108-e muxliT.

ufro metic, isic ki araa saWiro, rom amsrulebelma icodes, Tu

fizikurad vin exmareba mas.

magaliTi: petrem icis, rom vasos kacis mokvla unda. igi vasos

mkvlelobisaTvis iaraRs daudebs magidaze. vaso am iaraRiT kacs marTla

moklavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom vasom sulac ar icis, Tu vin dado mis

265

magidaze iaraRi, petres qmedebam mas xeli Seuwyo danaSaulis CadenaSi.

petres qmedeba mkvlelobaSi daxmarebad dakvalificirdeba ssk 24-e muxlis

me-3 nawiliTa da 108-e muxliT.

danaSaulis CadenaSi fsiqikuri daxmarebaa danaSaulis Casadenad

rCeva-darigebis, an „saqmis“ micema, anda amsruleblis

danaSaulebrivi ideis mowonebiT danaSaulis Cadenis

gadawyvetilebis ganmtkiceba. danaSaulis CadenaSi fsiqikuri

daxmarebaa aseve danaSaulis winaswar Sepirebuli dafarvac, rac

amsrulebelSi danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvas ganamtkicebs.

danaSaulis winaswar Seupirebuli dafarva ki araa daxmareba,

radgan danaSaulis CadenasTan araviTar mizezobriv kavSirSi

araa da qmedebis socialuri saSiSroebis gamo specialuri

muxliT isjeba (ssk 375-e muxli).

daxmareba SesaZlebelia rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve

umoqmedobiTac. umoqmedobiT daxmarebad kvalificirdeba

garantis umoqmedoba Tavisi dacvis qveS myofi piris mimarT

ganxorcielebuli danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi. garanti am

dros araa danaSaulis Tanaamsrulebeli umoqmedobiT, aramed

damxmare umoqmedobiT.156

magaliTi 1: petrem dainaxa, rom mis cols mezoblis qali scemda. petre

colze gabrazebuli iyo da mas ar mieSvela, Tumca mas es SeeZlo. petres

cols am cemis Sedegad janmrTeloba mZimed dauzianda. petre, rogorc

colis damcavi (mzrunveli) garanti, Cadenil danaSaulSi damxmarea

umoqmedobiT da pasuxs agebs ssk ssk 24-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, me-8 muxlis

me-3 nawiliT da 117-e muxlis 1-li nawiliT).

156 sxva mosazrebas aviTarebs gamyreliZe, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

ganmarteba, me-2 gamocema, Tbilisi 2008, gv. 200.

266

magaliTi 2: samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas policielma dainaxa,

rom petre viRacas qurdavda da araferi gaakeTa danaSaulis Tavidan

asacileblad. policieli qurds umoqmedobiT daexmara, radgan igi

samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas damcavi garantia sxvaTa

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis. misi qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk ssk 24-e

muxlis me-3 nawiliT, me-8 muxlis me-3 nawiliT da 177-e muxliT.

amsrulebelia is, vinc qmedebaze batonobs, anu vinc aqtiurad

moqmedebs. radgan garanti umoqmedobiT sxvis

marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebaze ver ibatonebs, igi

Tanaamsrulebladac ver iqceva da amitomac mxolod damxmare

SeiZleba iyos.

daxmarebis subieqturi mxare moicavs damxmaris ormag pirdapir

(pirveli an meore xarisxis) ganzraxvas. TanamonawileTa qmedeba

erTiani ganzraxviT da erTiani gegmiT unda ukavSirdebodnen

erTmaneTs, rac eventualur ganzraxvas gamoricxavs.

magaliTi: piri amsrulebels Tofs kacis mosaklavad xaTriT aTxovebs. Tu

igi Sedegis dadgomis garduvalobaSi darwmunebulia, magram

danaSaulebrivi Sedegis ganxorcieleba mas ar surs.

pirs amgvar SemTxvevaSi kacis mokvlis mimarT eventualuri

ganzraxva ki ara, meore xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxva amoZravebs,

miuxedavad imisa, rom danaSaulebriv SedegTan Segueba

eventualuri ganzraxvis nebelobis elementia. sakuTari qmedebis

(Tofis Txovebis) mimarTac igi meore xarisxis pirdapiri

ganzraxviT moqmedebs, radgan man danamdvilebiT icis, rom igi

sxvas kacis mosaklavad Tofs aZlevs.

267

VIII daumTavrebeli danaSauli

1 danaSaulis ganviTarebis stadiebi

danaSauli damTavrebulia maSin, rodesac qmedebis

SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli yvela niSani ganxorcielebulia, anu

qmedebis Semadgenlobis obieqturi da subieqturi niSnebi

erTmaneTs emTxveva. Tu qmedebis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli

obieqturi da subieqturi niSnebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva, anu

qmedebis Semadgenlobis erT-erTi mxare naklulia, adgili aqvs

an Secdomas, an daumTavrebel danaSauls. Secdomisas

danaSaulis subieqturi mxarea nakluli, daumTavrebeli

danaSaulisas ki ´- obieqturi.157

ganzraxi danaSaulis ganviTarebis Semdeg stadiebi arsebobs:

1. danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvis warmoSoba (danaSaulis

Cadenis gadawyvetilebis miReba)

2. ganzraxvis gamomJRavneba mesame pirebisaTvis misawvdomi

formiT

3. danaSaulis momzadeba - danaSaulis Casadenad pirobebis

Seqmna

4. danaSaulis mcdeloba

5. formalurdad damTavrebuli danaSauli


268

6. materialurad damTavrebuli danaSauli.

danaSaulis ganviTarebis pirveli da meore stadia danaSaulis

ganviTarebis dausjeli stadiebia. esenia:

5. danaSaulis Cadenis ganzraxvis warmoSoba da

6. ganzraxvis gamomJRavneba mesame pirebisaTvis misawvdomi

formiT.

ssk me-18 muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT isjeba mxolod mZime da

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis da am muxlSi amomwuravad

CamoTvlili naklebad mZime danaSaulTa momzadeba. qarTul

sisxlis samarTalSi danaSaulis mcdeloba yovelTvis

dasjadia.158

danaSaulis damTavrebis momentis gansazRvra kanonmdeblis

nebazea damokidebuli. kanonmdebeli am dros samarTlebrivi

sikeTis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobas da aqedan gamomdinare,

qmedebis socialuri saSiSroeba iRebs mxedvelobaSi. qmedebis

mometebuli socialuri saSiSroebisas SeiZleba danaSauli misi

momzadebis (ssk 224-e muxlis 1-li nawili, banditizmi) anda

mcdelobis (ssk 197-e muxli, yaCaRoba) momentisaTvis gamocxaddes

158 SedarebiTsamarTlebrivi analizi germanul sisxlis samarTalTan ix. mWedliSvili-

hedrixi/hainrixi, danaSaulis ganviTarebis stadiebi qarTul da germanul sisxlis

samarTalSi, germanul-qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis Jurnali, 3/2017, gv. 62-74,

http://www.dgstz.de/storage/documents/BMQgtByLi5ARQylI39HqDnt0Oi9uCDYr0PsHyZUb.pdf;

WedliSvili-hedrixi/hainrixi, danaSaulis ganviTarebis stadiebi qarTul da germanul

sisxlis samarTalSi, germanul-qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis Jurnali, 1/2018, gv.1-12. http://

www.dgstz.de/storage/documents/vfIUfzZkqk7SCXejOJ01nuEuQ6bJfdpJzRQtu8lT.pdf. (15.06.2020).

269

damTavrebulad. ssk 224-e muxlis 1-li nawili (banditizmi) sjis

ukve myari SeiaraRebuli jgufis (bandis) Seqmnas an

xelmZRvanelobas pirze an organizaciaze Tavdasxmis mizniT.

danaSaulis damTavrebisaTvis pirze an organizaciaze Tavdasxma

araaa saWiro; yaCaRoba mcdelobis etapze ukve damTavrebul

danaSaulad iTvleba, radgan ssk 179-e muxlis mixedviT, yaCaRoba

Tavdasxmaa sxvisi moZravi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego

misakuTrebis mizniT Cadenili ZaladobiT an Zaladobis

gamoyenebis muqariT da ara sxvisi moZravi nivTis

marTlsawinaaRmdego daufleba ZaladobiT an Zaladobis

gamoyenebis muqariT.159 deliqtebs, romlebsac danaSaulis

momzadebis anda danaSaulis mcdelobis etapze160 damTavrebul

danaSaulad Tvlian, safrTxis Semqmnel deliqtebs, anda

Sekvecili Semadgenlobis mqone deliqtebs uwodeben.

2 danaSaulis formaluri da materialuri damTavreba

erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvaoT danaSaulis formaluri da

materialuri damTavreba. danaSauli maSinaa formalurad

damTavrebuli, rodesac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis kerZo

nawilis muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis yvela niSania

159 qarTuli ssk-sgan gansxvavebiT, germaniis ssk § 249 (yaCaRoba) dispoziciaSi sicocxlisa

da sxeulebrivi mTlianobisaTvis saSiSi imwuTieri ZaladobiT an Zaladobis

gamoyenebis muqariT nivTis warTmeva moiazreba.

160 rogorc wesi, mcdelobis etapze formalurad damTavrebulad gamocxdebuli

danaSaulis mcdeloba, anu mcdelobis mcdeloba SeuZleblad iTvleba. yaCaRobis

mcdelobis dauSveblobis Sesaxeb ix. lekveiSvili, wignSi: Todua/mamulaSvili (red.),

sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni I, Tbilisi 2019, gv. 493.

270

ganxorcielebuli. danaSauli materialurad damTavrebulia

maSin, rodesac samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofa dasrulda.

zogjer danaSaulis formaluri da materaluri damTavreba

erTmaneTs emTxveva. es maSin, rodesac ssk kerZo nawilis muxliT

gaTvaliswinebuli Semadgenloba (dispozicia) samarTlebrivi

sikeTis xelyofas iTvaliswinebs. mag., danaSaulis formaluri da

materialuri damTavreba erTmaneTs emTxveva mkvlelobis dros.

damTavrebuli mkvleloba moicavs samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofis yvela zemoaRniSnul dausjel da dasjad stadias.

danaSaulis formaluri da materaluri damTavreba erTmaneTs ar

emTxveva denadi danaSaulis dros. denadi danaSauli

Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa (ssk 143-e muxli) formalurad

damTavrebulia msxverplisaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTisas,

materialurad ki misi ganTavisuflebis an misi sikvdilisas.

sakiTxis gaRrmaveba: danaSaulis faqtobriv damTavrebas iuridiuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba rogorc aucilebeli mogeriebisas, aseve

Tanaamsruleblobisas, Tanamonawileobisas da xandazmulobis vadebis

gansazRvrisas. aucilebeli mogerieba SesaZlebelia danaSaulis

formaluri damTavrebis Semdegac. mag., yaCaRobisas aucilebeli mogerieba

dasaSvebia Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebis (yaCaRobis qmedebis Semadgenlobis

ganxorcielebis) Semdeg, iqamde, sanam yaCaRoba faqtiurad dasruldeba, piri

„nivTTan erTad Tavs daaRwevs SemTxvevis adgils“ da SeeZleba am nivTis

gankargva.161 Tanaamsrulebloba da Tanamonawileoba (daxmareba) danaSaulSi

SesaZlebelia danaSaulis formaluri damTavrebis, anu Tavdasxmis Semdegac.

am SemTxvevaSi piri mxolod mier faqtiurad ganxorcielebuli

qmedebisaTvis daisjeba.

161 Todua, wignSi: lekveiSvili/mamulaSvili/Todua, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni

I, Tbilisi 2019, gv. 468.

271

magaliTi: petre Tavs daesxa vasos da Sublze iaraRi miabjina. am dros

SemTxveviT gamoiara petres megobarma ivanem. petres JestikulaciiT ivane

mixvda, raSic iyo saqme da ris gakeTebas sTxovda mas megobari. „aris,

ufrosoo“, - SesZaxa man gaxarebulma da vasos jibidan safule amoacala.

ivane yaCaRobis Semadgenlobas ar asrulebs, radgan mas TavdasxmaSi

monawileoba ar miuRia. yaCaRuri Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebis Semdeg am

Tavdasxmis mxolod mowonebas (dolus subsequens) sisxlissamarTlebrivi

mniSvneloba ar eniWeba da yaCaRobis ganzraxvas ar warmoadgens. radgan

ivane msxverplis safules amoaclis, ivane Tanaamsrulebelia, magram igi

mxolod im qmedebisaTvis unda daisajos, rac man ganaxorciela, anu

ZarcvisaTvis (ssk 178-e muxlis 1-li nawili).

danaSaulis faqtobriv damTavrebas mniSvneloba eniWeba denad

danaSaulSic, radgan denad danaSaulSi xandazmulobis dineba

danaSaulis materialuri damTavrebis Semdeg iwyeba.

3 daumTavrebeli danaSaulis niSnebi

ssk me-18 muxlis 1-li nawilis mixedviT, danaSaulis momzadeba

danaSaulis Casadenad pirobebis ganzrax Seqmnaa.

danaSaulis momzadebis obieqturi mxare danaSaulis Casadenad

pirobebis SeqmnaSi gamoixateba. danaSaulis Casadenad pirobebis

Seqmna danaSaulis Casadenad iaraRis an saSualebis gamonaxva an

momarjveba an danaSaulis Casadenad pirobebis sxvagvari Seqmnaa.

danaSaulis Casadenad iaraRis an saSualebis gamonaxvaSi am

iaraRis damzadeba an yidva igulisxmeba. danaSaulis Casadenad

iaraRis an saSualebis momarjveba ki misi iseT mdgomareobaSi

moyvanaa, romlis drosac danaSaulis Cadena SesaZlebelia. garda

amisa, danaSaulis momzadeba SeiZleba sxvagvar qmedebebSic

272

gamoixatos, rogoricaa Casafreba piris mosaklavad, msxverplis

macivarSi mowamluli mineraluri wylis Sedgma da a.S.

sakiTxis gaRrmaveba: danaSaulis momzadeba SesaZlebelia rogorc

moqmedebiT, aseve umoqmedobiT. danaSauls umoqmedobiT amzadebs daraji,

romelic mravalsarTuliani saxlis kars ar daketavs, raTa isini Sevidnen

da macxovreblebi daayaCaRon. danaSaulis mosamzadebeli qmedebebi xSirad

socialurad adeqvaturi qmedebebia, amitomac sisxlis samarTlis

literaturaSi gvxvdeba danaSaulis momzadebis kidev erTi ganmarteba,

romlis mixedviTac danaSauli momzadebulia maSin, rodesac piri

danaSaulis Casadenad iaraRs moimarjvebs anda iseT qmedebas

ganaxorcielebs, romlis socialuri adeqvaturobis dajereba mesame pirs

ukve aRar SeuZlia162

danaSaulis momzadebis subieqturi mxare SesaZlebelia mxolod

pirdapir ganzraxvaSi gamoixatos. eventualuri ganzraxviT

danaSaulis momzadeba SeuZlebelia. pirdapiri ganzraxva

danaSaulis momzadebisas konkretizebuli unda iyos da

dagegmili damTavrebuli danaSaulis obieqtur mxares unda

moicavdes.

ssk 25-e muxlis me-7 nawilis meore winadadebis mixedviT,

danaSaulis momzadebad iTvleba aseve uSedego waqezeba. uSedego

daxmareba ssk 25-e muxlis me-7 nawilis meore winadadebaSi,

romelic uSedego waqezebis momzadebisaTvis dasjadobas

iTvaliswinebs, gaTvaliswinebuli araa. aq adgili aqvs

kanonmdeblis kvalificiur dumils, anu kanonmdeblobis gegmur

xarvezs. radgan kanonmdebelma uSedego daxmareba am muxlSi ar

gaiTvaliswina, es imas niSnavs, rom kanonmdebels uSedego

162 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 25.

273

daxmarebis dasjadoba ar surda. Sesabamisad dauSvebelia

sisxlis samarTlis Teoriis da sisxlis samarTlis praqtikis

mier am muxlis ganvrcobiTi ganmarteba da uSedego daxmarebis

dasjadad gamocxadeba.

danaSaulis mcdelobisas saxezea obieqturi mxaris xarvezi. ssk

me-19 muxlis mixedviT, danaSaulis mcdeloba aris ganzraxi

qmedeba, romelic uSualod mimarTulia danaSaulis Casadenad,

magram danaSauli bolomde ar iqna miyvanili. qarTuli sisxlis

samarTali mcdelobas obieqturad moiazrebs.PdanaSaulis

mcdeloba iwyeba maSin, rodesac pirma Tavisi qmedeba uSualod

mimarTa danaSaulis gansaxorcieleblad da amgvarad Sedegis

dadgomis, anu samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofis konkretuli

safrTxe Seqmna.

mcdelobisas pirma danaSaulis momzadeba daasrula da

uSualod danaSaulis ganxorcielebaze gadadis. mcdelobaa

maSin, rodesac:

1. qmedeba, romelsac Sedegi unda mohyves ganxorcielda, magram

Sedegi obieqturi pirobebis gamo ar dadgeba.

2. danaSaulis damTavreba SeuZlebelia danaSaulis Casasdenad

gamoyenebuli iaraRis an danaSaulis obieqtis Tvisebebis

gamo (uvargisi mcdeloba).

3. piris mier gamiznuli danaSaulebrivi Sedegi dadga, magram

pirs es Sedegi obieqturad ar Seeracxeba.

274

4. Sexeduleba dogmatikaSi (romelsac praqtika ar iziarebs) -

Tavdamsxmelis xelyofa aucilebeli mogeriebis

mdgomareobis arcodnisas.

danaSaulis momzadebis da mcdelobis gamijvna araviTar

problemas ar warmoadgens maSin, rodesac qmedebis

Semadgenlobis erTi niSani ukve ganxorcielda. rodesac qmedebis

Semadgenlobis arc erTi niSani jer ar ganxorcielebula,

danaSaulis momzadebis da mcdelobis urTierTgasamijnad

mcdelobis mecnieruli ganmarteba gamogvadgeba. danaSaulis

mcdelobad iTvleba qmedeba, romelic drosa da sivrceSi

mWidrod ukavSirdeba qmedebis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebas da

amgvarad samarTlebriv sikeTes konkretul safrTxes uqmnis.

arsebobs qmedebebi, romlis drosac danaSaulebrivi Sedegis

dasadgomad ara mxolod amsruleblis, aramed agreTve Tavad

msxverplis an teqnikuri mowyobilobis amoqmedebaa saWiro

(distanciuri deliqti).

magaliTi 1: pirma saWmeli mowamla da qvabi macivarSi Sedga. msxverplis

sikvdilisaTvis aucilebelia misi saxlSi misvla da saWmlis Wama.

magaliTi 2: pirma msxverplis manqanaze bombi daamontaJa. msxverplis

sikvdilisaTvis mis mier manqanis kari gaxsnaa aucilebeli.

distanciuri deliqtebis SeTxvevaSi Tu daviwyebdiT imis

mtkicebas, rom piri danaSaulis mcdelobas axorcielebs ukve

maSin, rodesac man Sedegis dasadgomad yvelaferi gaakeTa, rac

masze iyo damokidebuli da mcdelobisaTvis msxverplis

safrTxis wyarosTan miaxloeba anda teqnikuri mowyobilobis

275

amoqmedeba saWiro araa, dauSveblad gavafarToebdiT mcdelobis

sferos danaSaulis momzadebis xarjze. mcdelobis sferos

amgvari gafarToeba qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi aucileblobas

ar warmoadgens, radgan ssk me-18 muxlis Tanaxmad, mZime,

gansakuTrebiT mZime da am muxlis me-2 nawilSi konkretulad

CamoTvlili normebis momzadeba dasjadia.

swori mosazrebiT, distanciur deliqtebSi xorcieldeba, anu

konkretuli safrTxe dgeba maSin, rodesac msxverpli safrTxis

wyaros miuaxlovdeba. qmedeba sxverplis mier safrTxis wyaros

miaxloebamde mxolod momzadebad unda dakvalificirdes.

pirvel magaliTSi mcdeloba gveqneba maSin, rodesac piri

macivris kars gaxsnis, sadils gaacxelebs, jamSi amoiRebs da

kovzs pirTan miitans. meore magaliTSi ki mcdeloba saxeze

iqneba maSin, rodesac msxverpli gasaRebs avtomanqanis karisaken

waiRebs, Tu avtomanqanis karis gaxsnas misi afeTqeba unda

mohyves.

4 uvargisi mcdeloba

uvargisi mcdeloba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac faqtiuri safuZvlis

gamo qmedebis obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcieleba

SeuZlebelia.163 kanonmdebeli termins uvargisi mcdeloba

saxeldebiT ar iTvaliswinebs. sisxlis samarTlis dogmatika

163 uvargisi mcdeloba samarTlebrivi safuZvlis gamo (mag., piri iparavs nivTs, romelic

mas memkvidreobiT rgebia), qarTul ssk-s mixedviT dasjad uvargis mcdelobas ver

daafuZnebs, radgan piri sakuTar nivTs qurdobis konkretul safrTxes ver Seuqmnis.

276

uvargis mcdelobas hyofs absoluturad da relatiurad uvargis

mcdelobad.

absoluturad uvargisi mcdeloba ssk me-20 muxlSia

(pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba daumTavrebeli

danaSaulisaTvis) mocemuli. am dros piri umecrebis an

pirovnuli naklis gamo ver erkveva movlenaTa kanonzomieri

kavSiris ganviTarebaSi da qmedebas iseTi saSualebiT

axorcielebs, romelsac marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis gamowveva

ara mxolod mocemul konkretul situaciaSi, aramed zogadadac

ar ZaluZs. absoluturad uvargisi mcdelobis magaliTia Savi

RviniT an pitnis CaiT adamianis mokvlis mcdeloba, safantiani

TofiT reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavis Camogdebis mcdeloba.

ararealuri anu crumorwmuneobiT ganpirobebuli mcdelobac

(jados Sekvra, xatze gadacema) aseve absoluturad uvargisi

(dausjel) mcdelobaa.

realtiurad uvargisi mcdelobisas piris mier gamoyenebul

iaraRs zogadad danaSaulebrivi Sedegis gamowveva SeuZlia,

magram ara - konkretul SemTxvevaSi, anda, obieqti, romlis

xelyofasac cdilobs amsrulebeli, zogadad SeiZleba

xelyofil iqnas, magram ara am konkretul SemTxvevaSi. qarTul

sisxlis samarTalSi relatiurad uvargisi mcdeloba dasjadi

mcdelobaa ssk me-20 muxlis (pasuxismgeblobisagan

gaTavisufleba daumTavrebeli danaSaulisaTvis) ukudaskvnidan

gamomdinare.164

164 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 44.

277

relatiurad uvargis obieqtze mcdelobisMmagaliTebi: dautenavi TofiT,

vadagasuli SxamiT an momakvdinebeli Sxamis mcire doziT adamianis

mokvlis cda, gvamis «mokvlis» mcdeloba, romelic pirs cocxali adamiani

hgonia. realtiurad uvargisi mcdelobaa aseve adgilze armyofi adamianis

mokvlis mcdeloba, rodesac pirs hgonia, rom msxverpls sawolze

wamowolils sZinavs da mokvlis mizniT mas Tofs esvris. sinamdvileSi

sawolze msxverplis qurqia migdebuli da msxverpli Tavad saxlSi

saerTod araa.

relatiurad uargisi mcdelobisas marTalia, sisxlis samarTliT

dacul sikeTes realurad safrTxe ar eqmneba, magram dasjadobis

dasasabuTeblad yuradReba gadatanilia imaze, rom zogadad

TofiT da SxamiT adamianis mokvla SesaZlebelia da qurqSi kaci

rom yofiliyo gamoxveuli, is am sroliT mokvdeboda, anda

adamiani cocxali rom yofiliyo, am srolas ver gadaurCeboda.

uvargisi mcdeloba iyofa:

1. mcdelobad uvargis obieqtze da

2. mcdelobad uvargisi sagniT165

uvargis obieqtze mcdelobisas obieqti, romlis dazianebiskenac

piris qmedebaa mimarTuli, mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi

danaSaulis obieqtisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs ar akmayofilebs:

kaci mkvdaria, anda sulac araa adgilze.

165 qarTuli ss ar icnobs mcdelobas uvargisi subieqtis mier, radgan uvargisi mcdelobis

es saxe mcdelobis subieqtur gagebas ukavSirdeba. uvargis mcdelobaze dawvrilebiT

ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv.

43-56.

278

uvargisi sagniT mcdelobisas danaSaulis Casadenad piri iseT

sagans iyenebs, romelsac zogadad samarTlebrivi sikeTis

xelyofis unari ki gaaCnia, magram ara am konkretul SemTxvevaSi.

mwerebis Sxamis SemTxveva: braldebulma Tavisi qmris buterbrods qmris

mosaklavad orjer, orjerve erTi wamis ganmavlobaSi mwerebis mosaspobi

sprei daafrqvia. qmarma buterbrodi CakbiCa, magram pirvelive lukma emwara

da piridan gadmoagdo. sasamrTlo samedicino eqspertis gamokvlevis

Tanaxmad, mwerebis mosaspobi wamlis mTeli boTli 0, 85 miligram Sxams

Seicavda. 70 kiloiani kacis mosaklavad ki 40 miligrami Sxamis SeWmaa

saWiro. miwis sasamarTlom qmedeba absoluturad uvargis mcdelobad,

(gssk § 23 III) daakvalificira da qalis mimarT gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni

gamoitana. germaniis federalurma sasamarTlom ki qmedeba dasjad

relatiurad uvargis mcdelobad CaTvala da qali dasaja.166

ssk me-20 muxlSi (pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba

daumTavrebeli danaSaulisaTvis) gaTvaliswinebuli Secdoma

nebismier saSualo statistikuri adamianisaTvis aSkara unda

iyos. Tu adamianis mosaklavad saWiro dozis dasadgenad

eqspertis daskvnaa saWiro, amgvari codna saSualo statistikuri

adamianis codnis faglebs scildeba da amsruleblis mier

Cadenili Secdoma sayovelTaod cnobil mizezobriobaze

araswor warmodgenas ar efuZneba. radgan Sxams zogadad

adamianis mokvla SeuZlia, Sxamis dozirebaSi uxeSi Secdoma

relatiurad uvargisi da Sesabamisad, dasjadi Secdomaa.

uvargisi mcdeloba gansxvavdeba putatiuri danaSaulisagan.

putatiuri danaSaulis magaliTi: petre vasos Seuracxhyofs da hgonia, rom

Seuracxyofa qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi dResac dasjadia.

166 BGHSt 41, 94-96.

279

rogorc uvargisi mcdelobis, aseve putatiuri danaSaulis

Cadenisas adamiani cdeba. uvargisi mcdeloba faqtobrivi

Secdomaa. am dros piri iseTi garemoebis arsebobaSi cdeba,

romelic realurad arsebobis SemTxvevaSi qmedebis

Semadgenlobas daafuZnebda. putatiuri danaSauli ki

amsruleblis Secdomaa qmedebis samarTlebriv SefasebaSi da

qmedeba mxolod piris warmodgenaSia dasjadi, anu putatiuri

danaSauli dasjadi qmedeba araa.

5 momzadebis da mcdelobis dasjis safuZveli

danaSaulis ganviTarebis sawyisi stadiebis dasjis safuZvlis

Sesaxeb sisxlis samarTlis dogmatikaSi ramdenime Teoria

arsebobs: wminda subieqturi, wminda obieqturi, subieqtur-

obieqturi da axali obieqturi. wminda subieqturi TeoriiT

danaSaulis dasjadobis safuZveli piris boroti nebaa, wminda

obieqturi TeoriiT ki piris mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebiT

samarTlebrivi sikeTisaTvis Seqmnili obieqturi safrTxe.

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi wminda subieqtur Teorias

samarTlebrivi safuZveli ara aqvs, radgan ssk me-7 muxlis 1-li

nawili sisixlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlad

danaSaulis, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

marTlsawinaaRmdego da braleuli qmedebis Cadenas

iTvaliswinebs da ara piris borot nebas. qmedebis

ganxorcielebisaken mimarTuli nebis miuxedavad, me-7 muxlis me-2

nawilis mixedviT, mciremniSvnelovani qmedeba danaSaulad ar

iTvleba. aseve samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofisaken mimarTuli

280

nebisagan damoukideblad, «absoluturad uvargisi» da

ararealuri mcdelobani qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

me-20 muxlis mixedviT dausjelia.

daumTavrebeli danaSaulis dasjis safuZveli qarTuli sisxlis

samarTlis mixedviT obieqturi Teoriaa, romlis mixedviTac

danaSaulis momzadeba isjeba imitom, rom piri am qmedebiT

samarTlebriv sikeTes abstraqtul safrTxes uqmnis.

abstraqtuli safrTxis ararsebobis gamo dasjadad ar iTvleba

xelSeSlili momzadeba, anu SemTxveva, rodesac piri danaSaulis

Casadenad pirobebs ver qmnis. danaSaulis mcdelobisas ki piris

mier Cadenili qmedebiT samarTlebriv sikeTes konkretuli

safrTxe eqmneba.

obieqtur Teoriaze dayrdnobiT, ssk me-20 muxli

(pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba daumTavrebeli

danaSaulisaTvis) ar isjeba qmedeba, Tu piris umecrebis an sxva

pirovnuli naklis gamo danaSaulis Casadenad gamoyenebuli

saSualebiT ar SeiZleboda miRweuliyo Sesabamisi

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi (absoluturad uvargisi mcdeloba).

qarTuli ssk daumTavrebeli danaSaulis dasjadobis safuZvlad

piris nebas rom aRiarebdes (wminda subieqturi Teoria), maSin igi

absoluturad uvargis mcdelobasac dasjadad CaTvlida.

ssk me-20 muxlis logikuri ganmartebidan (argumentum e contrario)

gamomdinare, dasjadia realtiurad uvargisi mcdeloba, radgan

kanonmdebeli sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas mocemuli

muxliT mxolod absoluturad uvargisi mcdelobisas

281

gamoricxavs. relatiurad uvargisi mcdelobis dasjadobis

dasabuTeba obieqtur Teorias uWirs, radgan amgvari

mcdelobisas realuri, konkretuli safrTxe samarTlebrivi

sikeTisaTvis ar arsebobs.

am bolo periodSi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi wamoyenebul

iqna winadadeba, daumTavrebeli danaSaulis dasjis safuZvlad

subieqtur-obieqtur SemaerTebeli Teoriis aRiarebis Sesaxeb.167

relatiurad uvargisi mcdelobis dasjadobis dasasabuTeblad

subieqtur-obieqturi Teoria amsruleblis mier mcdarad aRqmul

konkretul safrTxes eyrdnoba. sxva mosazreboT ki

gasaziarebelia axali obieqturi Teoria, romelic relatiurad

uvargisi mcdelobis dasjadobis safuZvels qmedebis

ganxorcielebis momentSi (ex ante) mesame piris, obieqturi

damkvirveblis Tvalsawieridan arsebul konkretul safrTxeSi

xedavs.168

6 daumTavrebeli danaSaulis problematuri sakiTxebi

zogjer danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia misi

obieqturi mxaris Tvisebebis gamo.

rogorc wesi, danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia

formalur deliqtebSi, romelTa ganxorcieleba qmedebis

pirvelive aqtiT xdeba (mag., cru dasmena, ssk 373-e muxli).

167 turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, me-8 gamocema, Tbilisi 2010, gv. 255.

168 dawvrilebiT am sakiTxze ix. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli

formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 49-52.

282

danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia aseve wminda

umoqmedobis deliqtebSi, romlebic SemadgenlobaSi

gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobis Seusruleblobas sjian da

marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomas ar iTvaliswineben. Tu am

valdebulebis aRsrulebis dro jer ar damdgara, arc misi

aRsrulebis valdebuleba arsebobs, Tu am valdebulebis

aRsrulebis dro dadga, qmedeba ukve dasrulebuli danaSaulia.

wminda umoqmedobis deliqtebis momzadebas SesaZleblad

miiCneven maSin, rodesac piri Tavisi valdebulebis

Sesasruleblad raime konkretul adgilas unda imyofebodes da

igi am adgils unebarTvod ganeSoreba. ssk 380-e muxli,

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT sasjelis moxdisaTvis Tavis

arideba, marTalia, danaSaulis momzadebis amgvari

interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva, magram radgan es danaSauli

naklebad mZimea da ssk meß18 muxlis me-2 nawili mis momzadebas

dasjadad ar acxadebs, amgvari magaliTi dRevandeli

samarTlebrivi mdgomareobisas yovelgvar praqtikul

mniSvnelobas moklebulia.

danaSaulis momzadeba da mcdeloba problematuria safrTxis

deliqtebSic (Sekvecili Semadgenloba), radgan esaa deliqtebi,

romlebic danaSaulis momzadebis anda danaSaulis mcdelobis

etapze damTavrebul danaSaulad iTvleba.169

169 lekveiSvili/Todua, wignSi: lekveiSvili/mamulaSvili/Todua, sisxlis samarTlis kerZo

nawili, wigni I, me-7 gamoc., Tbilisi 2019, gv. 493.

283

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi erTxmadaa aRiarebuli, rom

gaufrTxilebeli momzadeba da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia.

eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb ki

ori urTierTgamomricxavi mosazreba arsebobs.

mecnierTa erTi nawilis azriT, eventualuri ganzraxviT

mcdeloba SesaZlebelia, radgan kanonmdebeli ssk me-18 muxlis 1-

l nawilsa da me-19 muxlis 1-l nawilSi qmedebis ganzrax

Cadenaze saubrobs da ganzraxvis saxes ar akonkretebs. garda

amisa, maTi aziT, eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis

SesaZlebloba kanonis istoriuli ganmartebiTac mtkicdeba,

radgan kanonmdebelma daTqma imisa, rom mcdeloba mxolod

pirdapiri ganzraxviTaa SesaZlebeli, ssk me-19 muxlis 1 -li

nawilis kanonproeqtidan amoiRo. eventualuri ganzraxviT

mcdelobis SesaZleblobas, maTi SexedulebiT, adasturebs aseve

isic, rom rogorc pirdapiri, aseve eventualuri ganzraxvisas

Sedegis nebelobaa saxeze. pirs eventualuri ganzraxvisas ar

aqvs Sedegisadmi deskrifciul-fsiqologiuri survili, magram

aqvs „normatiuli survili“, anu danaSaulis Cadenis neba da Tu

igi Sedegs ver aRwevs, mcdelobisaTvis unda daisajos. isini

miuTiTeben aseve, rom pragmatuli mosazrebiT, eventualuri

ganzraxviT mcdelobis dasaSveboba ufro mosaxerxebelia.170

gasaziarebelia eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis

mowinaaRmdegeTa mosazreba, romlis mixedviTac, eventualuri

170 eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis dasaSvebobis mtkiceba samarTalSedarebiTi

argumentaciiT ix. turava, sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, me-8 gamocema,

Tbilisi 2010, gv. 132-138.

284

ganzraxviT mcdelobis SeuZleblobaze mravali argumenti

metyvelebs, upirvelesad ki is, rom mizani mcdelobis

damfuZnebeli elementia, eventualuri ganzraxviT Cadenili

qmedeba ki araa gamizvniTi. eventualuri ganzraxvisas piri

Tavisi qmedebiT safrTxes ki hqmnis, magram amis Semdeg igi

movlenaTa mimdinareobas „brma kauzalur procesebs“ andobs.

swored eventualuri ganzraxviT Cadenili qmedebisas

gamiznulobis ararsebobis gamo SeuZlebeli unda iyos

eventualuri ganzraxviT momzadeba da mcdelobac. ssk me-19

muxlis 1-l nawilSi mcdelobis ganmartebisas miTiTebuli

termini „uSualod mimarTuli“ mxolod pirdapir ganzraxvas

gulisxmobs. eventualuri ganzraxvisas piris qmedeba mimarTuli

araa danaSaulebrivi Sedegis ganxorcielebisaken. ufro metic,

kanonmdebeli eventualuri ganzraxvis ganmartebisas ssk me-9

muxlis me-3 nawilSi survilis arqonaze miuTiTebs. SeuZlebelia

pirs survili ar hqondes da qmedebis ganxorcielebas

cdilobdes. garda amisa, „normatiuli survilis“ cnebis

SemotaniT, rasac kanonmdebloba ar icnobs, sisxlis samarTalis

kanoni misi sityva-sityviTi mniSvnelobis sawinaaRmdegod

ganimarteba, rac dauSvebelia.

eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis SeuZleblobaze migvaniSnebs

qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi arsebuli specialuri konkretuli

safrTxis deliqtebi (delictum sui generis) 127-e (sicocxlisaTvis

saSiS mdgomareobaSi Cayeneba) da 128-e (gansacdelSi mitoveba)

muxlebic. eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis SeuZleblobiT

Seqmnil xarvezs qarTveli kanonmdebeli am muxlebis SeqmniT

285

avsebs. es muxlebi unda gamoviyenoT maSin, rodesac pirs Sedegis

mimarT arapirdapiri ganzraxva an gaufrTxilebloba

amoZravebs. 171

eventualuri ganzraxvis dros qmedeba konkretulad damdgari

Sedegis mixedviT unda dakvalificirdes. e.i. Tu piris qmedebas

msxverplis sikvdili mohyva, igi eventualuri ganzraxviT

mkvelobisaTvis daisjeba. Tu pirma eventualuri ganzraxviT

sxvis sicocxles mxolod safrTxe Seuqmna, igi mxolos ssk 127-e

muxliT, sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi CayenebisaTvis

daisjeba. Tu msxverpls janmrTeloba dauzianda, piri

janmrTelobis dazianebis Sesabamisi muxliT agebs pasuxs.

SedegiT kvalificirebuli deliqtebi is deliqtebia, romlebic

ori deliqtis „nazavs“ warmoadgenen. ZiriTadi deliqti am dros

ganzraxia, masTan dakavSirebuli kvalificirebuli deliqtis

mimarT ki, romelsac piris ganzraxva ar moicavda, pirs

gaufrTxilebloba mainc unda amoZravebdes. es danaSaulebi ssk

me-11 muxlis 1-li nawilis mixedviT ganzrax danaSaulad

iTvleba. SedegiT kvalificirebuli deliqtis magaliTia 133-e

muxlis me-3 nawili (ukanono abroti, ramac sicocxlis mospoba

gamoiwvia).

171 diskusia eventualuri ganzraxviT mcdelobis dauSveblobis Sesaxeb dawverilebiT,

samarTlaSedarebiT argumentebze dayrdnobiT ix. mamulaSvili, wignSi:

mamulaSvili/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, Tbilisi 2019, gv. 181-188. ix.

asve mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlenis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv.

77-dan; mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali


286

gaufrTxilebeli danaSaulis momzadebis da mcdelobis

dauSveblobis gamo SedegiT kvalificirebuli deliqtebis

momzadeba da mcdeloba SeuZlebelia. SedegiT kvalificirebuli

deliqtisagan gansxvavdeba makvalificirebeli Sedegis

mcdeloba. kvalificirebuli Sedegis mimarT amgvar deliqtebSi

damdgari Sedegi pirdapiri ganzraxviTaa moculi.

makvalificirebeli Sedegis mcdeloba or sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi

SeiZleba Segvxvdes:

ZiriTadi Semadgenloba ganxorcieldeba makvalificirebeli

Sedegis dadgomis gareSe.

magaliTi 1: petres surs ori adamiani aiyvanos mZevlad, magram mxolod

erTis mZevlad ayvanas moaxerxebs. meore gaiqceva. qmedeba unda

dakvalificirdes ssk 144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis g) punqtis mcdelobad.

rogorc ZiriTadi, aseve makvalificirebeli Semadgenloba

mcdelobis etapzea SeCerebuli

magaliTi 2:. petres surs ori adamiani aiyvanos mZevlad, magram ver

moaxerxebs da orive gaeqceva. qmedeba aqac sk 144-e muxlis me-2 nawilis g)

punqtis mcdelobad unda dakvalificirdes.

7 danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba

ssk 21-e muxlis 1-li nawilis mixedviT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba ar daekisreba pirs, Tu man danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT da sabolood aiRo xeli.172

172 mWedliSvili-hedrixi, danaSaulis gamovlenis calkeuli formebi, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 86-

123; mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: naWyebia/Todua (red.), sisxlis samarTali


287

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisas piri mxolod

ganxorcielebuli mcdelobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobisagan

Tavisufldeba. Tu misma qmedebam raime marTlsawinaaRmdego

Sedegi gamoiwvia, igi im SedegisaTvis agebs pasuxs (ssk 21-e

muxlis me-2 nawili).

sisxlis samarTalSi danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis

dausjelobis safuZvlis Sesaxeb sam sxvadasxva Teorias

aviTareben: kriminalpolitikuri Teoria, dasaCuqrebis Teria da

sasjelis miznis Teoria.

kriminalpolitikuri Teoriis mixedviT, romelic empiriulad

dasabuTebad araa, saxelmwifo danaSaulis mcdelobis

ganmaxorcielebel pirs „oqros xids“ ugebs da amgvarad mas

legalur samyaroSi ukan dabrunebis saSualebas aZlevs.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis dausjelobiT

kanonmdebeli danaSaulis dasrulebas uSlis xels da amgvarad

samarTlebriv sikeTes icavs.

dasaCuqrebis Teoriis mixedviT, daSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebisas kanonmdebeli pirs samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofis

Tavidan acilebisaTvis asaCuqrebs.

sasjelis miznis Teoriis mixedviT ki, danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis aRebisas araa saWiro piris dasja, radgan samarTlianobis

aRdgena rogorc sasjelis mizani, danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis aRebiT ukve miRweulia. xelis amRebis resocializaciac

(kerZo prevencia) araa saWiro, radgan man Tavisi kanonmorCileba

288

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebiT aCvena. nebayoflobiT

xelis aRebiT miRweulia aseve zogadi prevenciac, radgan piris

mier ganxorcielebuli mcdelobis umarTloba da brali

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis saSualebiT

neitralizebulia da amgvarad sazogadoebaze negatiur

zemoqmedebas ver moaxdens.

maSin, rodesac piri danaSaulis Casadenad vargis (da

relatiurad vargis) saSualebas gamoiyenebs, Sedegi raime

garemoebis gamo ar dadgeba da im saSualebiT, rac pirs xelT

aqvs, Sedegis miRweva SeuZlebelia, adgili aqvs xelSeSlil

mcdelobas. xelSeSlili mcdelobisas danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SeuZlebelia.

xelSeSlili mcdelobis Semdeg saxeebs vicnobT:

1. rodesac piri yovelives ganaxorcielebs Sedegis

misaRwevad, Sedegs ver miaRwevs da danaSaulis

dasrulebisaTvis saWiro saSualeba mas aRar aqvs. mag.,

msxverpls erTaderTi tyvia esrola da aacdina.

2. xelSeSlilia relatiurad uvargisi mcdeloba, mag., pirma

mavans CaiSi mosaklavad vadagasuli Sxami Cauyara.

3. pirs SeuZlia miaRwios marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegs, magram

ara dasaxul mizans. mag., piri mezoblis saxlSi uaxlesi

kompiuteris mosaparad Seva. kompiuteri metad Zveli

aRmoCndeba da igi kompiuters ar waiRebs.

289

mcdeloba araa xelSeSlili, rodesac piri samarTlebriv

sikeTeze pirveli xelmocaruli Tavdasxmis Semdeg danaSauls

bolomde ar miiyvans, Tumca mas es SeuZlia. mag., piri erTxel

esvris msxverpls da aacdens. meored igi msxverplis

mimarTulebiT aRar gaisviris, Tumca mas auarebeli tyvia aqvs.

anda tyviis acdenis Semdeg mas msxverplis daniT mokvla

SeuZlia da igi amas ar gaakeTebs.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis instituti ukavSirdeba

aseve mcdelobis dayofas danaSaulis daumTavrebel da

danaSaulis damTavrebul mcdelobad. daumTavrebelia

danaSaulis mcdeloba, rodesac pirs yvela is qmedeba, romelsac

danaSaulebrivi Sedegi unda mohyves, jer ar ganuxorcielebia.

damTavrebulia danaSaulis mcdeloba, rodesac piri qmedebis

obieqturi Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebis yvela SesaZleblobas

amowuravs da gamiznuli Sedegi mainc ar dadgeba. rogorc wesi,

danaSaulis daumTavrebeli mcdelobis dros nebayoflobiT

xelis aReba umoqmedobiT SeiZleba, danaSaulis damTavrebuli

mcdelobisas ki piris aqtiuroba da mis mier danaSaulebrivi

Sedegis Tavidan acilebaa saWiro.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisaTvis Semdegi pirobebis

arsebobaa saWiro:

1. danaSaulebrivi Sedegi Tavidan unda iqnas acilebuli

2. piri nebayoflobiT unda moqmedebdes

3. danaSaulze xelis aReba saboloo unda iyos.

290

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba Sedgeba rogorc

obieqturi, aseve subieqturi mxarisagan. danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis obieqturi mxare sakuTari qmedebiT

danaSaulebrivi Sedegis Tavidan acilebas moicavs. sakuTar

qmedebaSi sxva piris saSvelad moxmobac igulisxmeba.

magaliTi: pirma msxverpli daxrCobis mizniT mdinareSi gadaagdo, Semdeg ki,

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba moisurva. radgan man curva Tavad

ar icoda, maSvels mouxmo, romelmac msxverpli gadaarCina. am SemTxvevaSi

pirma danaSaulze nebayoflobiT da sabolood aiRo xeli.

Sedegis dadgomis risks is piri atarebs, vinc xelmyof

mizezobrobas daudo saTave. Tu man danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis aReba gadawyvita, magram Sedegi Tavidan mainc ver aicila,

pirs es Sedegi Seeracxeba da igi damTavrebuli

danaSaulisaTvis agebs pasuxs.

iSviaT gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi Sedegis dadgomis miuxedavad

piris qmedeba danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebad

CaiTvleba, Tu mizezobriobaSi axali sxva mozezobrioba CaerTo

da amgvarad mizezobrioba atipurad ganviTarda da SedegSi

piris mier dafuZnebuli riski ar ganxorcielebula.

magaliTi: petrem mokvlis mizniT vaso naklebad mZimed daaziana.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis asaRebad man saswrafos gamouZaxa.

saswrafos manqana avariaSi mohyva da msxverpli gardaicvala. petre

mxolod janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianebisaTvis agebs pasuxs ssk

118 -e muxlis 1-li nawiliT, radgan SedegSi mis mier dafuZnebuli riski ki

ara, axali, sxva, cxovrebiseuli riski ganxorcielda.

291

Tu mizezobrioba tipurad ganviTarda da SedegSi swored piris

mier dafuZnebuli riski ganxorcielda, mas es Sedegi obieqturad

(an obieqturi Seracxvis institutis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi

subieqturad) Seeracxeba da igi damdgari SedegisaTvis daisjeba,

miuxedavad imisa, rom man danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebisaTvis yvelaferi gaakeTa.

magaliTi: petrem mokvlis mizniT vaso daaziana. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis asaRebad man saswrafos gamouZaxa. saswrafos manqana sacobSi

gaCerda da msxverpli sisxlisagan daicala. sisxlisagan dacla piris mier

dafuZnebuli mizezobriobis Sedegia da igi mkvlelobisaTvis agebs pasuxs

(ssk 108-e muxli).

mizezobriobis tipuri da atipuri SemTxvevebi erTmaneTisagan

imiTi gansxvavdeba, rom tipuri mizezobriobiT Sedegis

dadgomisas piris mier dafuZnebuli mizezobrioba agrZelebs

moqmedebas da swored is iwvevs danaSaulebriv Sedegs. atipuri

mizezobriobisas ki Sedegis dadgomas sxva, axali mizezobrioba

iwvevs.

nebayoflobiTobis kriteriumebs ssk 21-e muxli (danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis aReba) ar iZleva. sisxlis samarTlis

dogmatikaSi nebayoflobiTobas fsiqologurad da normatiulad

ganmartaven. nebayoflobis fsiqologiuri gagebisas xelis aReba

nebayoflobiTia maSin, rodesac piri fiqrobs, rom mas

danaSaulis bolomde miyvana SeuZlia, magram igi am

danaSaulebriv qmedebas ar gaagrZelebs. Tu igi arasworad

fiqrobs, rom mas danaSaulis bolomde miyvana ar SeuZlia da

292

qmedebas amitomac ar miiyvans bolomde, igi danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT ar iRebs xels.

frankis formulis mixedviT, nebayoflobiT piri maSin iRebs

xels danaSaulis Cadenaze, rodesac igifiqrobs: „ar minda, romc

SemeZlos“. nebayoflobiToba ki gamoricxulia maSin, rodesac

piri fiqrobs: „ar SemiZlia, romc mindodes“. danaSaulze xelis

aReba nebayoflobiTia, rodesac piri danaSaulze avtonomiuri

motiviT, anu sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT iRebs xels. danaSaulze

xelis aReba nebayoflobiTi araa, rodesac piri danaSaulze

heteronomiuri motiviT iRebs xels, anu rodesac danaSaulis

bolomde miyvanas raime, pirisagan damoukidebeli garemoeba

aferxebs.

danaSaulze xelis aRebisas erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben

sasjelis abstraqtul da konkretul SiSs. sasjelis

abstraqtuli SiSi emyareba piris varauds, rom misi qmedeba

odesme gamJRavndeba da igi amisaTvis daisjeba. sasjelis

abstraqtuli SiSi danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebas

xels ar uSlis. sasjelis konkretuli SiSi ki maSin gvaqvs,

rodesac pirs mocemul konkretul momentSi danaSaulze

dauyovnebliv waswrebis an raime konkretuli garemoebis gamo

mxilebis eSinia (icno msxverplma). sasjelis konkretuli SiSis

gamo danaSaulze xelis aRebisas danaSaulze xelis aRebis

nebayofloboba gamoircxulia.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisaTvis xelis aRebis

motivis zneobrivi xasiaTi araa mniSvnelovani. Tu danaSaulze

293

xelis aRebisas xelis aRebis motivi da nebayoflobiToba ver

dgindeba, in dubio pro reo principidan gamomdinare, piris mier xelis

aReba nebayoflobiTad unda CaiTvalos.

nebayoflobiTobis normatiuli gagebisas danaSaulze xelis

aReba nebayoflobiTi maSinaa, rodesac piri samarTlisadmi

erTgulebis motiviT moqmedebs, anu rodesac mis mimarT arc

specialuri da arc generaluri prevenciis mosazrebidan

gamomdinare sasjelis gamoyeneba saWiro araa. danaSaulze sxva

mizeziT xelis aReba nebayoflobiTobis normatiuli gagebisas

pirs sasjelisagan ar gaaTavisuflebs.

magaliTi: petre sxvadasxva adgilze myofi ori adamianis mokvlas

ganizraxavs. erTs ipovis, mas iaraRs daumiznebs, magram ar esvris, radgan,

misi azriT, meoris mokvla ufro mniSvnelovania da am meoris mosaklavad

gaeSureba.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiTobis normatiuli gagebiT, mocemul

SemTxvevaSi piri pirveli adamianis mokvlis mcdelobisaTvis

pasuxs agebs, radgan mas mkvlelobis ganuxorcieleblobiT

samarTlisadmi loialuri damokidebuleba ar daumtkicebia.

nebayoflobiTobis fsiqologiuri gagebis mixedviT ki igi

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT iRebs xels, radgan man danaSaulis

bolomde miyvanis es gadawyvetileba avtonomiuri motividan

gamomdinare miiRo.

sasjelis miznis Teoria, romelic danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis aRebis dausjelobis safuZvlad piris mier

kanonmorCilebis Cvenebas da misTvis sasjelis daniSvnis

294

prevenciuli saWiroebis ararsebobas aRiarebs,

nebayoflobiTobis normatiul gagebas emyareba. dasaCuqrebis

Teorias ki, romelic danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis

dausjelobis safuZvlad samarTlebrivi sikeTis dauzianeblobas

acxadebs, nebayoflobiTobis fsiqologiur gagebamde mivyavarT.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisas

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva mxolod

maSinaa SesaZlebeli, rodesac pirma danaSaulis Cadenaze

sabolood aiRo xeli da ara droebiT.

nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis gamoricxva

vrceldeba mxolod mcdelobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobaze. Tu

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebisas piris mier

faqtobrivad Cadenili qmedeba sxva danaSaulis niSnebs Seicavs,

igi ssk 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT am danaSaulisaTvis daisjeba.

magaliTi: pirma qurdobis mizniT saxlis kari Seamtvria da binidan

gamovida ise, rom araferi auRia, Tumca mas es SeeZlo. man amgvarad binis

qurdobaze nebayoflobiT aiRo xeli. igi daisjeba ara binis qurdobis

mcdelobisaTvis, aramed binis an sxva mflobelobis xelSeuxeblobis

darRvevisa (ssk 160-e muxli) da sxvisi nivTis ganzrax dazianebisaTvis, Tu

karis Semtvrevam mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia ssk 187-e muxlis 1-li

nawili).

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SesaZlebelia rogorc

momzadebis, aseve daumTavrebeli da damTavrebuli mcdelobis

stadiaze. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba momzadebis

stadiaze erTpirovnuli amsruleblis mier an mis srul

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pasiurobaSi, an (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) danaSaulis Casadenad

Seqmnili pirobebis ganeitralebaSi gamoixateba.

magaliTi: pirma mavanis mosaklavad saWmeli mowamla, Semdeg ki mkvleloba

gadaifiqra da saWmeli gadaRvara. aq man momzadebis stadiaze aiRo xeli

danaSaulis Cadenaze. es xelis aReba nebayoflobiTi iyo da aqtiuri

qmedebiT ganxorcielda.

Tu pirma danaSaulis Cadenaze momzadebis stadiaze

nebayoflobiT aiRo xeli, igi mxolod maSin daisjeba, Tu man

mosamzadebeli qmedebiT raime dasjadi qmedeba ganaxorciela.

magaliTi: Tu petrem vasos mosaklavad marTlsawinaaRmdegod SeiZina Tofi

da Semdeg mas danaSaulis Cadena ar ucdia, anu momzadebis stadiaze

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT aiRo xeli. igi mkvlelobis momzdebisaTvis

pasuxs ar agebs. ssk 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT mas pasuxismgebloba mxolod

cecxlsasroli iaraRis marTlsawinaaRmdego SeZenisaTvis daekisreba (ssk

236-e muxli 1-li nawili).ს

rogorc wesi, erTpirovnuli amsrulebeli daumTavrebeli

mcdelobisas, e.i. rodesac mas danaSaulebrivi Sedegis

dasadgomad jer yvelaferi ar gaukeTebia, danaSaulze xels

umoqmedobiT iRebs. rodesac erTpirovnulma amsrulebelma

danaSaulebrivi Sedegis misaRwevad yvelaferi gaakeTa, mis xelT

arsebuli yvela SesaZlebloba amowura, anu rodesac man

damTavrebuli mcdeloba ganaxorciela, danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis asaRebad man, rogorc wesi, aqtiuri qmedeba

unda ganaxorcielos.

sakamaToa,Mmcdeloba damTavrebulia Tu daumTavrebeli iseT

SemTxvevebSi, rodesac pirma danaSaulebrivi Sedegis misaRwevad

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erTi an ramdenime qmedeba ki ganaxorciela, magram mas mis xelT

arsebuli yvela SesaZlebloba jer ar amouwuravs.

magaliTi: petrem vasos mosaklavad esrola da aacdina. petres mravali

bevri tyvia hqonda, magram meored aRar usvria.

erTiani aqtis Teoriis mixedviT, yoveli calkeuli qmedeba,

romelic danaSaulebrivi Sedegis misaRwevadaaa

ganxorcielebuli, damoukidebeli, damTavrebuli, xelSeSlili

mcdelobaa. yuradReba ar eqceva imas, rom pirs mas mis xelT

arsebuli yvela SesaZlebloba ar amouwuravs. erTiani aqtis

Teoria danaSaulze xeli saRebis SesaZleblobebs zRudavs.

mocemul magaliTSi petre mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis (ssk 108-e

muxli) agebs pasuxs.

qmedebaTa erTobliobaSi Sefasebis Teoriis mixedviT ki maSin,

rodesac pirma danaSaulebrivi Sedegis misaRwevad erTi an

ramdenime qmedeba ganaxorciela, magram mas mis xelT arsebuli

yvela SesaZlebloba ar amouwuravs, man amis Sesaxeb icis, amasTan

es SesaZleblobani da mis mier ganxorcielebuli mcdeloba

erTmaneTTan drosa da sivrceSi mWidrod ukavSirdeba, piri

daumTavrebel mcdelobas axorcielebs da mas danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xelis aReba (umoqmedobiT) SeuZlia. Tu pirma

msxverpls esrola da aacdina, mas msxverplis mravali sxva

saSualebiT mokvla SeeZlo, magram es ar gaakeTa, igi qmedebaTa

erTobliobaSi Sefasebis Teoriis mixedviT, danaSaulis Cadenaze

nebayoflobiT iRebs xels.

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danaSaulebrivi Sedegis miRwevis SesaZleblobebi da Sedegis

misaRwevad ganxorcielebuli mcdelobis qmedeba erTmaneTs

drosa da sivrceSi acdenili ar unda iyos. Tu pirma msxverpls

esrola da aacdina, danaSaulis Casadenad mas sxva araviTari

saSualeba ar gaaCnda da mas amitomac araviTari qmedeba aRar

ganuxorcielebia da mkvlelobidan ori dRis Semdeg igi

msxverpls Sexvdeba da mcdelobas aRar gaimeorebs, igi

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xels ar iRebs.

wmnida umoqmedobisas rogorc wesi, mcdeloba da Sesabamisad,

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SeuZlebelia. Tu

qmedebis valdebuleba ar damdgara, arc danaSaulis momzadeba

da mcdeloba arsebobs. Tu moqmedebis valdebuleba saxezea da

piri ar moqmedebs, igi ukve damTavrebul danaSauls sCadis.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba Sereuli umoqmedobisas

SesaZlebelia rogorc momzadebis, aseve mcdelobis stadiaze.

xelis aReba, rogorc wesi, moqmedebiT xdeba.

magaliTi: garanti xedavs, rom Seuracxadi Tavis (an sxvis) mosaklavad

iaraRs amzadebs da xels ar uSlis mas. igi danaSauls umoqmedobiT

amzadebs. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SesaZlebelia mxolod

moqmedebiT.

Tu garanti mcdelobis etapze SeuSlis xels Seuracxads

(damiznebul Tofs xelidan gaagdebinebs), igi danaSaulze

moqmedebiT iRebs xels.

298

nebayoflobiT xelis aReba kvalificiur Semadgenlobaze gvaqvs

maSin, rodesac piri mxolod ZiriTad Semadgenlobas asrulebs

da xels kvalifikaciaze iRebs.

magaliTi: piri mkvlelobis ganzraxviT sam kacs esvris. erTs tyvia

moxvdeba da gardaicvleba. oris mimarTulebiT piri aRar gaisvris, Tumca

mas es SeuZlia da icis kidec. igi amgvarad maT mimarT danaSaulze xels

umoqmedobiT iRebs. amitomac piri pasuxs agebs ara damamZimebel garemobaSi

Cadenili mkvlelobis mcdelobisaTvis, ssk 109-e muxlis me-3 nawilis a)

puqtiT, aramed mxolod ssk 108-e muxliT, mkvlelobisaTvis.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SeiZleba ara mxolod

erTpirovnuli amsruleblis mier, aramed agreTve

Tanaamsruleblis mierac.

Tanamonawileobis dros danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba

ssk 21-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT regulirdeba.

Tanamonawileobis dros danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebisas saWiroa Tanamonawilem danaSaulis dasrulebas xeli

SeuSalos da Sedegis dadgoma Tavidan aicilos.

ssk 21-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, (fsiqikur da fizikur) damxmares

danaSaulis CadenaSi aqtiur xelis SeSlas ar iTxovs, Tu man

danaSaulis dawyebamde uari Tqva Sepirebuli qmedebis

Sesrulebaze.

magaliTi: ivane petres danaSaulis dafarvas Sehpirda. man amgvarad

fsiqikuri daxmareba ganaaxorciela, petres mier miRebul danaSaulis

Cadenis gadawyvetilebas gaamyara. Tu igi danaSaulis Cadenamde dafarvaze

uars etyvis, igi danaSaulze nebayoflobiT iRebs xels.

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magaliTi: ivanem petres mier danaSaulis Cadenamde danaSaulis Casadenad

gadacemuli iaraRi an saSualeba ukan daibruna. man amgvarad danaSaulis

Cadenaze nebayoflobiT aiRo xeli.

aRniSnul SemTxvevebSi damxmare danaSaulis CadenisaTvis pasuxs

ar agebs, radgan mis qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris araa mizezobrivi

kavSiri. Tu saqme mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis

Cadenas exeba, SesaZlebelia maTi pasuxisgebaSi micema

SeutyobineblobisaTvis, ssk 376-e muxliT.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba Tanamonawileobisas

SesaZlebelia rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve umoqmedobiT.

Tanamonawile danaSaulis Cadenaze umoqmedobiT maSin iRebs

xels, rodesac misgan danaSaulis Casadenad aqtiuri qmedebaa

saWiro.

magaliTi: darajis qurdebs Sehpirda, rom igi maT sacavis kars gauxsnida.

Tu igi sacavis kars ar gaxsnis, danaSaulis Cadenaze xels umoqmedobiT

aiRebs xels.

rodesac erT-erTi Tanamonawile xels iRebs danaSaulis

Cadenaze, Sesabamis saWiro aqtiur qmedebas axorcielebs,

danarCenebi ki mas eTanxmebian, umoqmedobis miuxedavad

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis da dausjelobis

SeRavaTi maTzec vrceldeba.

ssk 21-e muxlSi araa daregulirebuli sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu

ra pirobebs unda akmayofilebdes erTi Tanaamsruleblis mier

danaSaulis Cadenaze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba. danaSaulze

nebayoflobiT xels erTi Tanaamsruleli maSin aiRebs, rodesac

300

igi ssk 21-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilis teleolgiuri

ganmartebidan gamomdinare, dafuZnebuli mizezobriobis jaWvs

gawyvets da danaSauls Tavidan aicilebs. aq gamoviyenebT

argumentacis wess - „mciredan metisaken“, anu argumentum a minore ad

maius. e.i., Tu wamqezebeli da damxmare valdebulni arian,

danaSaulis Cadenas aqtiurad SeuSalon xeli da danaSaulebrivi

Sedegi Tavidan aicilon, igive valdebuleba miT ufro unda

daekisros Tanaamsrulebels da man pasuxi agos im qmedebisaTvis,

romelic danaSaulis mosamzadebel etapze Caidina.

Tu piri danaSaulis momzadebaSi miiRebs monawileobas,

dagegmili danaSaulis Semadgenlobis ganxorcielebaze ki

nebayoflobiT ityvis uars, igi mxolod danaSaulSi

daxmarebisaTvis unda agebdes pasuxs. igi Tanaamsruleblad ver

CaiTvleba, radgan sxva Tanaamsruleblebis (an amsruleblis)

mier ganxorcielebul qmedebaze ar batonobs da misma

saqmianobam danaSaulis Cadenas mxolod xeli Seuwyo.

magaliTi: Tu petrem, pavlem da ivanem kacis erTad mokvla gadawyvites.

ivanem danaSaulis Casadenad iaraRi SeiZina, danaSaulis ganxorcielebamde

mkvlelobSi Tanaamsrulebloba gadaifiqra, magram nayidi iaraRi ver

daibruna, petres da pavles mier ivanes SeZenili iaraRiT kacis mokvlis

SemTxvevaSi ivane mxolod mkvlelobaSi daxmarebisaTvis agebs pasuxs.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba SualobiTi

amsruleblobisasac SeiZleba. xelis aReba am dros aqtiuri

qmedebiT, moqmedebiT unda moxdes. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT

xelis aRebisaTvis Sedegis daudgomlobaa saWiro. SualobiTi

amsruleblobis mosurnem xelis aRebisas iseve, rogorc

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danaSaulSi waqezebisas (ssk 21-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawili)

Sedegi Tavidan unda aicilos.

magaliTi: Tu eqimi eqTans avadmyofis mosaklavad SxamiT savse Sprics

miscems da daavalebs, rom erTi saaTis Semdeg avadmyofs es nemsi gaukeTos,

Semdeg ki Tavad saavadmyofodan wava, magram erTi saaTis gasvlamde igi

eqTans telefoniT simarTle etyvis da daJinebiT mosTxovs, rom avadmyofs

nemsi ar gaukeTos, avadmyofis mokvlis surviliT Sepyrobili eqTani ki

eqims ar daujerebs, avadmyofs nemsi gaukeTebs da moklavs, eqimi

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan ar gaTavisufldeba

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis gamo. piri pasuxs SualobiTi

amsruleblobisaTvis ki ara, mkvlelobis daxmarebisaTvis (ssk 24-e muxlis

me-3 nawili da 109-e muxlis me-2 nawilis b) punqtis meore alternativa)

agebs, radgan eqTanma icoda, Tu ras akeTebda, igi SecdomaSi ar iyo

Seyvanili da amasTan, man swored is iaraRi gamoiyena danaSaulis Casadenad,

rac mas eqimma gadasca.

„cocxali iaraRis“ mier danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis

aRebisas SualobiTi asrulebeli pasuxs agebs imisda mixedviT,

Tu ra etapze aiRo xeli danaSaulze „cocxalma iaraRma“. Tu

„cocxalma iaraRma“ danaSaulze momzadebis etapze aiRo xeli,

SualobiTi amsrulebeli danaSaulis momzadebisaTvis agebs

pasuxs, xolo Tu „cocxalma iaraRma“ mcdelobisas aiRo xeli,

maSin SualobiTi amsrulebeli mcdelobisaTvis daisjeba.

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis instituti

analogiurad unda gavrceldes agreTve im Tanamonawileebzec,

romlebmac danaSulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba seriozulad

scades, Sedegi maT TavianTi qmedebiT ver aiciles, magram es

Sedegi sxva garemoebebidan gamomdinare mainc ar dadga.

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danaSaulze xelis aRebis mcdeloba maSinaa serozuli, rodesac

mesame piris, obieqturi damkvirveblisaTvis damajerebelia, rom

Tu sxva piri an sxvagvari garemoeba danaSaulebrivi Sedegis

dadgomas xels ar SeuSlida, piris mier danaSaulze xelis aReba

SesaZlebeli iqneboda (hipoTeturi mizezobriobis

sagamonakliso SemTxveva, rodesac sissxlissamarTlebrivi

pasuxismgebloba gamoiricxeba).

rogorc wesi, danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba

SeuZlebelia iseT deliqtebSi, romlebic danaSaulis momzadebas

da mcdelobas damTavrebul danaSaulad Tvlian. amgvar

SemTxvevebSi samarTlebrivi sikeTis xelyofaze uaris Tqma

qmediTi monaniebis institutiT dajildovdeba. qmediTi

monaniebis winapirobebs ssk 68-e muxli aregulirebs.

303

moqmedebiT Cadenili danaSaulis momzadebis sqema, ssk me-18

muxlis me-2 nawili

kvalifikaciis Sesavali - daumTavrebeli danaSauli

1. danaSaulis daumTavrebloba

2. danaSaulis momzadebis dasjadoba (ssk me-18 muxlis me-2

nawili)


1. qmedebis subieqturi mxare: sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebisaTvis pirobebis Seqmnis mimarT

pirdapiri ganzraxva.

2. qmedebis momzadebis obieqturi mxare: momzadebuli

pirobebis vargisianoba danaSaulis Casadenad; qmedebis

socialuri adeqvaturobis gamoricxva


III. brali

IV. danaSaulis Cadenaze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba

(amsruleblis, organizatoris, wamqezeblis da damxmaris

mier)

304

moqmedebiT Cadenili danaSaulis mcdelobis sqema, ssk me-19

muxli




danaSaulis obieqtur mxares moicavs

2. qmedebis obieqturi mxare - qmedeba, uSualod

mimarTuli danaSaulis Casadenad


III. brali

IV.danaSaulis Cadenaze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba

(amsruleblis, organizatoris, wamqezeblis da damxmaris

mier)

305

umoqmedobiT Cadenili danaSaulis mcdeloba, ssk me-8 muxlis me-3

nawili da me-19 muxlis 1-li nawili




danaSaulis obieqtur mxares moicavs da qmedebis

subieqturi Semadgenlobis sxva niSnebi; codna imisa, rom

subieqts garantis funqcia aqvs.

2. umoqmedobis obieqturi mxare - umoqmedoba, garantis

movaleoba; im obieqturad SesaZlo qmedebis

ganuxorcieleblobis dawyeba, romliTac albaTobis

maRali xarisxiT am Sedegis Tavidan acileba

SesaZlebeli iyo.


III. brali

IV. xelis aReba

306

erTi piris mier danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba, ssk 21-e

muxlis 1-li nawili

1. xelmocaruli (xelSeSlili) mcdelobis gamoricxva

2. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis winapirobebi ssk

21-e muxlis 1-li nawili

(1) obieqturi mxare - danaSaulis damTavrebaze xelis

aReba (moqmedebiT an umoqmedobiT)

(2) subieqturi mxare - nebayoflobiT da sabolood

organizatoris, wamqezeblis da fsiqikuri damxmaris mier

danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba, ssk 21-e muxlis me-3

nawili

1. xelmocaruli mcdelobis gamoricxva

2. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis gansakuTrebuli

winapirobani ssk 21-e muxlis me-3 nawili

1. obieqturi mxare - danaSaulis damTavrebisaTvis xelis

SeSla

2. subieqturi mxare – nebayoflobiT da sabolood

307

fizikuri damxmaris da fsiqikuri damxmaris erTi nawilis

(amsruleblisaTvis raime qmedebis ganxorcilebis Sempireblis)

mier danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aReba, ssk 21-e muxlis me-3

nawili

1. xelmocaruli mcdelobis gamoricxva

2. danaSaulze nebayoflobiT xelis aRebis winapirobebi

21-e muxlis me-3 nawilis mixedviT

(1) obieqturi mxare - uaris Tqma daxmarebaze

danaSaulis dawyebamde an danaSaulis Casadenad

micemuli saSualebebis ukan dabruneba mis

damTavrebamde

(2) subieqturi mxare – nebayoflobiT da sabolood

qetevan mwedlisvili-hedrixi sesavali sisxlis samartlis

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