quan he eu - lybia - mot goc nhin lich su

7/21/2019 Quan He Eu - Lybia - Mot Goc Nhin Lich Su

1/8

QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU

DfiU Tir TRirC TIP FDI)

Gini DonN

Loi mo dau

Dau tu qudc te ddng vai trd quan trgng

t

\

r r

trong sy phdt trien cua nen kinh te the gidi

hien dai, mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trgng

nhat ciia qua trinh todn edu hda. Nd vira la

ddng lyc thiic day qud trinh ndy, vira chju sy

r \

ehi;)hdi ciiaqud trinh todn edu hda sdu rdng

tren the giai trong may thdp ky qua. Ddu tu

qudc te ehu yeu la ddu tu tu nhan, ve ca bdn

dugc chia thdnh ddu tu tryc tiep vd ddu tu

gian

liep

Ddu tu tryc tiep hay ddu tu tryc

tiep Iudc ngodi (FDI Foreign Direct

Investment) thudng gdn vai viec xdy dyng

vdphat trien cdc nhd m dy, co so sdn xudt, tan

dung cdc ngudn lyc gid re tai nuac tiep nhdn

dau tu nhdm khai thde thi trudng npi dia

eiing nhu xudt khdu bode m ua lai cdc cdng ty

thdng qua hinh thiic sdp nhdp vd chuyen giao

(M&A). Do dd, FDI thudng gdn bd lau ddi,

mat thiet vai nuac tiep nhdn ddu tu vd khd

nit von d at khi chdng may rui ro bode khung

hoang xdy ra.

6 Viet Nam, ben canh ngudn vdn trong

nudc ddng vai trd quyet dinh, vdn ddu tu

cun PHnp rni VICTNn/vi

1993 - 2008

Ths .

Vo Thi Thu Ha

Trirdng Dgi hgc Hdi Phdng

nuac ngodi

Id

mpt trong nhiing

ngudn

vdn

quan trpng, trong dd FDI dugc coi la ngudn

vdn thich hgp ddi vai Viet

Nam

Dau tu

nude ngodi a Viet Nam hien chiem khoang

13% GDP c dnua e ^

Trong thdp nien 80 vd ddu thap nien 90

the ky XX, ddng FDI vdo Viet Nam edn nhd.

Den ndm 1991, tdng vdn

FDI

a Viet Nam

mdi chiId213 trieu ddla My. Tuy nhien, con

sd

FDI

dang ky da tang manh tir 1992 va dat

dinh diem vdo 1996, vdi tdng vdn dang ky

len den 8,6 ty USD Sy gia tang manh me

cua FDI a Viet Nam trong thdri gian nay la

do nhieu nguyen nhdn: Cdc nhd ddu tu nude

ngodi bi thu htit bdi tiem ndng cua mdt nen

kinh te dang trong thdi ky chuyen ddi vdi

mpt thi trudng phdn ldn cdn chua dugc khai

thde;

Cdc nhd ddu tu nuac ngodi bj hap dan

bdi hdng loai cae yeu td tich cyc khde nhu

lyc lupng lao ddng ddi ddo, gid nhdn cdng re

vd ty le b ill chii cao.

Ben canh nhimg yeu td ben trong edn cd

cdc yeu td ben ngodi ddng gdp vdo viec gia

' NguyenDuy

Lgi: Ddc diem vd xu

huang

phdt triin

cua ddutu true tiip nuacngodi

(FDI) ,

Tap chi

Nghien ciiu ChauAu,s6 6(60)/2004, tr.92.

^

Phuomg Nggc Thach (2003), Thu hut ddu

tit

true

tiipnu&c ngodia Vi$t

Nam:

Tdn tgi vdkiinnghi

Tap chi PhdttrilnKinh

tl ,

thang

10/2003,

tr.12.

^

S6

liSu

cua Cyc Dau tu nuoc

ngodi

- BgKIhoach

vd Dautu.

Nt.


2/8

46

NGHIENClfUCHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEWN12 {135) ^^

tang ciia FDI vao Vict Nam. Thie nhdt, von

chay ddn vc eac thj trudrng

m6i

noi lrong

nhCrng nam 80 vd dau nhCrng nam 90 ciia the

ky XX. lrong cac thi trudrng nay, Ddng Nam

A, lrong dd cd ViplNam, la mgt diem chinh

tiep nhan FDI. Nam 1990, cac nudc Ddng

Nam A thu hiit 36% ldng ddng FDI den cac

nude dang phat Iricn.

Thic hai,

ddng vdn

nudc ngoai \ ao cae nen kinh tc qud dp khdi

xa hdi chil nghTa truac day, nai ma bp cho

rdng dang cd cac ca hpi kinh doanh mai va

thu lgi nhuan.

Thic

ha, eac nuac manh trong

\ung (cu the la Malaysia, Singapore,

Thailand,...) da bat ddu xuat khau vdn. La

mdt

nin

kinh te dang trong thdri ky qud dp or

Ddng Nam A, Viet Nam cd dugc lgi the tii

cac yeu td ndy.

De khdi phuc vd phat trien kinh te xd

hdi,

Viet Nam da chii truang ma cira nen

kinh te, thyc hien cdng cudc ddi mdri todn

dien, trong dd cd viec hoan thien, ndng Dieu

le Dau tu nam 1977 thdnh bd Ludt Ddu tu

nudc ngodi tai Viet Nam ndm 1987. da

khang djnh sy diing ddn

ciia chii

truang,

dudng ldi mdr eira nen kinh teciia Vipt Nam.

Sy ra ddri

ciia

Ludt Ddu tu nuac ngodi t^i

Viet Nam ndm 1987 dd tao mdi trudng phdp

ly cao hon de thuhiit vdn ddu tu nuoc ngodi

vdo Viet Nam. Trong cdc nhd ddu tu nuac

ngodi den Viet Nam, cdc nhd ddu tu Phdp td

ra nhanh chdn ban ed.

L inh hinh dau tu tryc tiep cua

Phap Vi tNam 1993- 2008)

Vipt Nam bdt dau ban bdnh Luat Dau tu

nuac ngodi) vd khdng ngimg tang len.

Nguon von dau tu tir Phap vdo Vict Nam rat

da dang, trong dd chu ylu la dau tu tryc liep

duai hinh thiic: cdc cdng ty lien doanh (tren

50%

dy dn); xdy dyn g van hdnh chuyin

giao (BOT) (gan 30%) so dy an) vd hinh thirc

cdng ty

100%)

von nuac ngo ai'

Dau tu

ciia

Phdp trong giai doan dau

(1988- 1989)phan ldn la cdc dy an nhd, tinh

kha thi cdn thdp. Ndm 1988, con sd dy an

khdi dau Id 2 vdi tdng sd vdn ddu lu la 0.2

trieu USD. Ndm 1989, so dy an Id 6 vai tdng

sd vdn dau tu Id 53 trieu USD. Den cudi nam

1992, tdng sd vdn hgp tac ddu tu (FDI)

ciia

Phdp tai Viet Nam la 253.2 trieu USD, vdi

40 dy dn dug e cap

phep^

Ndm

1993,

chu>enthdm chinh thirc Viet

Nam cua Tdng thdng Ph ap F Mitterand la

djp de cdc

CO

quan, td chirc. doanh nghiep...

ciia Phdp sang Vipt Nam tryc tiep tim hieu

CO hgi ddu tu , gdp gd \ a ddm phan vai eac

ddi lac. Chuyen thdm nay tao dieu kien thudn

lgi cho vice phdt Uien quan he song phuang

ve nhieu mdt, ddc biet Id ve hgp tdc ddu tu

lrong thdi gian tilp theo. Theo dd, ndm 1993,

Phdp dd cd tai 22 dy dn dau tu vdo Viet Nam

dugc cdp phep, trong dd cd 20 dy an dang

boat dgng vdi tdng sd vdn ddu tu

Id

236 trieu

U S D ' Nh iing nam sau dd, dau tu cua Phap

f _

Ddu tu tryc tiep cua Phdp bdt ddu thyc

hien tai Viet Nam kl tiindm 1988 (thai dil m

Nt.

' DinhM nhTudn, Cdc hogt dong tren ITnh vuc F

va ODA ciia Phdp tgi Vi^tNam ,TapchiNghiencii

chau

Au,s6

1/2001,

tr,42.

E)odnT tThang, Mdi quan h$ kinh ti Viet-Pha

vd no lucndng quan h$hai nudc tentdm ca b mdi


3/8

^du ttttrtia tie'fL ((ja>9^)...

47

tai Viet Nam van dugc duy tri a miirc kha

cao. Cho

din

cudi 1996, tdng

FDI

eua Phap

vao Viet Nam Id 863,2 trieu USD, dimg thir

9 trong sd eac nua c va khu vyc dau tu d Viet

Nam, vd Id nuac chau Au dau tu nhilu nhat

vao Viet Nam^

Nam 1997, trong khi hdu

hit

cdc nude

deu giam lupngFDIvdo Viet Nam do khiing

hoang tai ehinh lien tp chdu A (1997 -

1999) thi ddng vdn FDI eua Phdp vdo Viet

Nam lai tang. Truac khi xdy ra khung hodrg

tai ehinh khu vyc, ddu tuciiaPhdp tang ddn,

ky lue Id nam 1997 vai 21 dy an dugc cap

phep vai tdng sd vdn dang ky 933,7 trieu

USD^

Trong thdri ky nay, ed mdt sd dy an

ldn nhu Hgp ddng Hgp tac kinh doanh cung

cap djch vy vien thdng giira France Telecom

vdi

dng

cdng ty Buu chinh - Vien thdng

Viet Nam (vdn ddng ky615trieu U SD), Lien

doanh Dai sieu thj An Lac (vdn ddng ky 35

trieu USD), Cdng ty TNHH Bayer Viet Nam

san xudt thudc trir sdu (vdn dang ky 32,9

trieu USD), Cdng ty TNHH mia duang

Bourbon Gia Lai (vdn dang ky 25,5 trieu

USD).Nguyen nhdnIddo cae nhd ddu tu (da

sd la Hdn Qudc vd Hdng Kdng) gap khd

khan ve tdi chinh, hon nira, mdi quan he

Phap - Viet dang tren dd phdt trien manh vd

Phap ciing da thu dugc nhCrng ket qud ddu tu

thye sy nhChig nam truac dd. Ciing trong

mang tinh ehiin luac ,Tapchi NghiSncuuChduAu,

s6

11/2001,

tr.68.

'

Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong, Trung tam Thong tin

cong tac Tuyen gido, Tdi lieu tham khdo,Cgng hod

Phdp vd quan he Vi$t Nam- P hdp,

2008,tr.23.

'

Phan Hffu Thdng, Ddu

tu

cua Phdp

se

giatdn^\

Ddc sanv6quanh?kinhtkViSt- Phdp (2007), bdo

Thegiaivd VietNam, tr.54.

nam 1997, Tong thong Phap J. Chirac da

chinh thiic sang tham Viet Nam, tham dy

Hgi nghj thupng dinh eae nuac cd sir dung

r y

,

tieng Phap lan thir bay duge td ehire tai Ha

Ndi. Sy kien nay da

ihiic

ddy mdi quan he

hgp tdc giira hai nuac ve nhieu mat ndi

ehung vd ddu tu ndi rieng chuyin sang mdt

trang mai. Din nam 1997, long so von FDI

ciia

Phap or Viet Nam len tai

1.552

ty USD,

Phap tra thdnh nhd dau tu chau Au hang ddu

ciia

Vipt Nam vd diing thu 6 trong sd cac

nude cd von ddu tu ldn nhdt tai VietNam'

Trong hai nam 1998 va 1999, vi triciia

Phdp tai Viet Nam van tiep tyc dugc ciing

ed, eiing vai viec dugc cap gidy phep ddu tu,

eae cdng ty Phdp da tich cyc tham gia thyc

hien cdc dy dn quan trgng. Rieng trong nam

1999, Phdp cd 12 dy an dugc cap gidy phep

vai tdng sd vdn dang ky gdn 303 trieu USD,

ddn ddu trong sd 38 nuac vd viing lanh thd

cd dy an ddu tu vdo Viet Nam trong nam

ndy, chua ke cdc dy an ciia

eae nhd dau tu

Phdp nhung ddng ky ngudn gdc lanh thd

khdc.

Ndm

1999,

ddu tueiiaPhap da tang len

3,6 Idn so vai ndm 1998 Den liic ndy, Phap

da cd 125 van phdng dai dien, chiem 4,5%

trong tdng sd 2.800 van phdng nudc ngodi

tai Viet Nam. Ngodi ra cdn cd 5 chi nhanh

ngdn hdng, 5 hang ludt su vd kiem loan cua

Phdp cd mat tai Viet Nam. Khu vyc dy an

ndy da thyc hien dugc sd vdn khoang 506

trieu USD, tao viec ldm cho khoang 7.600

lao dpng true ti lp cd doanh thu tren 650 trieu

'

Dinh

ManhTudn,tldd,

tr.43.

Thfiribdo Kinhxk, Quan he hap tdc Viet- Phdp ,

8/12/1999,tr.4.


4/8

48

NGHIENCCrU

C H A U

AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEWN12 135).2011

U S D '^

Tinhdin cuoi ndm

1999,

Phdp dd cd

tren

100

dy dn cdn hipu lyc,

v6i

s6 vln dau

tu khodng 1,6 ty USD, diing hdng thii bdy

trong so cae nudrc dau tu tai Vipt Nam.

Trong nhiing ndm 2000, 2001 vd 2002,

Phap lien tyc chilm vj tri cao, dung thii sdu

trong sd cac nuac vd viing Idnh tho dau tu

nhilu nhat vdo Vipt Nam. Cdc doanh nghipp

Phap da dat doanh thu len tai 1,2 ty USD,

trong dd gan 200 tripu USD la tir xuat khau.

Tinh tir ndm 1988

din

2003, Phdp cd gan

200 dy an vd khodn dau tu ban 2,1 ty USD,

tlie 5,4% tdng gid tri cdc giay

pb^p

dugc cdp

trong thdri ky ndy, dd tao ra 10.440 vipe

Idm'^,

gdp phdn quan trgng trong viec bd

sung ngudn vdn, mdr rdng thj trudng xudt

khdu, tiep thu cdng nghe tien lien vd gidi

quyet van de viec ldm cho Viet Nam. Ndm

2001, ddu tu vdo Viet Nam cua Phdp dat

mtic cao,

chii

yeu

Id

do viec cdp gidy phep

cho dy dn BOT Nhd mdy dien Phii My 2.2,

cd vdn ddng ky

Id

480 trieu USD, chiem

97% tdng vdn ddng ky dugc cdp phep trong

ndm2001

14

Nam 2005, ddu tu cua PhdpId24,7 tripu

USD vai 23 dy dn, van tdng nhung l?ii thap

hon ddu tu

ciia

Hd Lan (33 tripu USD vdi

10

dy dn), Dan Mach (27 tripu USD vdi 9 dy

an),

diing

thii

ba trong cdc nuac chdu Au dau

tu vdo Vipt Na m'^ Mdcdii dau tu cua Phdp

^Nt.

Thong tdn xd Vift

Nam, Ddu tu eua Phdp vao Vi^t

Nam ,

Tdi li?u tham khdo ddcbi?t,s622/2002.

' Phan HuuThdng, tldd, tr.54.

K^

Thu, Nhdm huu nghi Phdp-Vi^t ciia Hg Vi$n

Phdp thdm Vi$t

Nam ,

http://vietnamnet.vn/chinhtri.

09/12/2006.

chi diing thir ba trong cdc nu6c chau Au ddu

lu vdo Vipt Nam, song dau tu cua Phap vdo

Vipt Nam ndm 2005 dd tdng gap 4 Idn so vdi

ndm 2004 (chi dat 6,8 tripu USD)'^

Cdc doanh nghipp Phdp tilp tuc dau tu

vdo Vipt Nam trong nam 200 6, \ di mire dau

tu Ien tcii 30,5 trieu

U S D ' ^

Tinh din thdng

3/2006, Phdp dau tu vdo Viet Nam vdi tdng

so von cam

kit

khoang 2,2 ty Euro (trong do

dd thyc hipn khodng 1,19 ty Euro) cho tren

176

dy an'*, diing hdng thir sdu trong long sd

71nu6cvd viing Idnh thd dau tu a Viet Nam,

vdi tren 200 doanh nghiep , dimg ddu trong

so cdc nhd ddu tu chdu Au. Dieu nay cho thdy

Phdp van tiep tyc

Id

mdt ddi tdc hdng ddu cua

Viet Nam trongITnh \-ycddu tu. Ndm 2006 cd

230 doanh nghiep Phdp dang hoat ddng tai

Viet Nam (mgt sd doanh nghiep cd nhieu ea

sa tren khdp cd nuoc) \ ai 24.000 nhdn cdng,

trong dd cd 320 ngudi Phdp. Phdn ldn eac

doanh nghiep ndy boat dgng dudi dang vdn

phdng d^ dien (37%)), cong ty lien doanh

(21%)vd cdc chi nhdnh dgc lap(17%)^

Ndm 2007, Phdp diimg ddu cdc nudc

A r

chdu Au vd diing thiir chin trong tdng sd 77

nuac vd lanh tho dau tu vdo Viet Nam. Tinh

den ndm 2007, Phdp cd

187

dy dn cdn hieu

16

Nt.

' Dodn H?uih, Nhin lgi quan hi kinhti Viet- Phdp

Bdo Tdi chinh Vi tNam,s62/10/2007.

'* Thuyr

Trang, Phdp,nha ddu tungodi chdu A ld

nhdt tgiVi$t

Nam ,

Thdri bdo Kinh tl Vi?tNam,s6

2/10/2007,tr.3.

Dodn

H?mh,

Nhin lgi quan h? kinh

ti

Vi^t-Phdp

Bdo Tdi chinh VitNam,s62/10/2007, tr.2.

^ThuJ- Trang, tldd,tr.3.
http://vietnamnet.vn/chinhtrihttp://vietnamnet.vn/chinhtri


5/8

^dututv4^tt

tu^ (rpT>3^}...

49

lye vdi 2,38 ty USD^' Dau tu cua Phap tap

trung chil ylu vdo djch vy (50% long vdn),

cdng nghiep (37%) tdng vdn), cdn laiIdndng

nghiep.

Tir nam 1988

din

2008, Phap da ddu tu

vdo Viet Nam tdng cdng la 296 dy dn (hien

edn

187

dy dn cdn hieu lyc vai long von

thyc hien Id 2,38 ty USD, tren tdng sd von

dang ky 3.216,2 trieu

USD)^ Cd

thi

ndi,

day la nuac cd so dy an vd von ddu tu kha

ldn, so vai cac nuac trong Lien minh Chdu

Au (Vuong qudc ArJi ciing trong thdri gian

tir1988 - 2008 cd 134dy dn vai tdng sd von

la2.711,1trieu

USD)^^

2.Co cau dau tu trurc tiep ciia Phap tai

VietNam 1993-2008)

Ca cdu ngdnh ddu tu cua Phdp d Viet

Nam tap trung chu yeu vdo cdng nghiep

nang, giao thdng, vien thdng, buu dipn. Day

la nhiing ITnh vyc rat quan trpng ddi vdi sy

phat trien kinh te Viet Nam (trong dd

ITnh

vyc vien thdng chiem 33% dau tu ciia Phdp,

22% tap trung trong

ITnh

Vyc khdch san vd

xay dung ha tdng, 19% trong khu vyc cdng

nghiep, 13%

trong khu vyc ndng nghiep vd

13%trong khu vyc djch

vti)^'*.

'Trdn Thj Vinh, Trdn Cong Ty, Quan M kinhti

Phdp

- Viet

Nam sau Chiin tranh lanh (1993 -2007) ,

Sach 220 ndm cdchmgngPhdp (1789 - 2009) vd quan

he Viet - Phdp trong lich

su

,

NXBChfnh trjqu6cgia,

HaNgi,2009,tr.525.

^ Ban Tuyen gido Trung uong, Trung tdm Thong tin

cong tdc Tuyengido, TdiliSutham khdo,Cong hod

Phdp vd quan he

Viet

Nam

- Phdp,

2008,tr.23.

Nien gidmthingke ndm

2008,

T6^g cycThing

ke.

^ Xem chu

thfch 20.

Xet ve ddu tu theo dia phuang, dau tu

ciia Phdp dugc phdn bd tuong doi dong diu

tren 26 tinh thdnh tren lanh thd Viet Nam.

Da so dau tu ciia Phap tap trung tai miln

Nam (thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh, Ba Rja -

Vung Td u...) chi lm 87% , Ha Ndi va cac tinh

mien Bac chilm 20%, miln Trung chiem

mdt tyI?rat nhd la2%^ D ilu nay eho thdy,

Phap da thyc sy tin tudng vao sy phat trien

cua Viet Nam, ddng thdi danh gia cao mdi

quan he hgp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam va coi

Viet Nam Id mpt ddi tac quan trpng cua

Phdp.

Ve ca cdu phdn bd FDI, vien thdng la

ITnh vyc thu hiit dugc sy quan tam Idn nhat

cua cdc nhd ddu tu Phdp tai Viet Nam, chiem

22% trong tdng sd dy dn vai tdng sd vdn len

tai gdn ItyUSD, tao vipe ldm eho hon 4.200

lao dpng Den nay Viet Nam da ed mang

vien thdng tuong ddi hien dai, cd the sanh

vai vai ede nuac trong khu vyc va tren the

giai ve tdc dp phdt trien, cho phep dap ung

nhu eau ngdy cdng cao cua eae djch vy vien

thdng qudc te, Inlemet..., trong dd cd sy

giiip da ddng ke cua dau tu Phap. Ngodi ra,

ddu tu cua Phdp cdn tap tnmg vdo cacITnh

vyc: ddu khi, ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, du

ljch, dich vy... LTnh vyc cdng nghiep vd xay

dung diing

thii

hai trong ddu tu cua Phap vdo

Viet Nam , vdi 62 dy dn cd tdng vdn dang ky

812

trieu USD, tao viec ldm cho tren 4.500

9 7

lao dgng

25

Nt.

*

Tap san quan

h Vifit

- Phdp ciia tudn bdo Qu6c

t6

9/2000, tr.36.

BanTuyengido Trunguong, tldd, tr.22.


6/8

50

NGHIENCCfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEWN12 135 Jl1

Xel

VL'

hinh thuc ddu tu, FDI cua Phdp

duge thyc hipn

chii

ylu duai hinh

thOrc

cdng

ty lien doanh (chilm 54% long so dy dn).

Hinh thirc hgp dong xay dyng -

v^n

hdnh -

chuyin giao (BOT), chilm 29 % long dy an,

vdi quy md trung binh la

16,24

trieu USD/dy

an. dat mire tuong doi cao so vai binh qudn

chung^^

Ngoai hai hinh thirc dau tu

chii

yeu

neu tren, Phap cdn dau lu vao Vipt Nam duai

hai hinh thirc khac, dd Id: cdng ty

100%

von

nudc ngoai (chilm

10%

sd dy dn) vd hgp

ddng hgp tdc kinh doanh (chiem 7% so dy

an)

29

Ben canh kenh hgp tdc cdp nhd nuac,

hinh thirc hgp tdc tryc tiep giira cdc dja

phuang hai nuac, cdn ggi Id hgp tdc phi tap

trung, ciing Id hinh thiire kha ddc

thii trong

quan he Phdp - Viet. Trong vdng 15ndm tra

lai day, hinh thiire hgp tdc ndy da dugc nhdn

rdng vd phdt trien. Theo sd lieu

ciia

Dai

sii

qudn Phdp, dd cd 777 dy dn dd ketth'ic bode

dang dugc trien khai, lien quan den 464 ddi

tdc Phap vd 208 ddi tdc Viet Nam tai 62/64

tinh, thdnh phd eua Vipt Nam Vipt Nam

Id

nuac nhdn dugc vipn trg phdt trien chinh

thiie Idn

thii

hai cua cdc don vj hdnh chinh

dja phuong Phdp, vai khodn tdi chinh tri gid

*Thoi bdo Kinh te,

Quan h4 hap tdc Vi?l

-

Phdp

,

8/12/1999,tr.46.

' DinhManh Tudn, tldd, tr.46.

' Dai suqudn Phdp (5/2010), Vdn ki$n Hgi nghi ldn

thu 8 vi

hcrp tdc

phi

Chinh

ph u giua

Vi^t Nam

vd

Phdp ,Tdi lieugidi thi uhoat dgnghgp tdccua Phdp

taiVietNam.

3,69 tripu euro dau tu ndm 2006 tren tdrtgsd

51,05

tripu euro tdi trg cho todn the giai

3.

Nhihig ddnh gia ve dau tu

true

tiep

ciia Phdp tai ift Nam 1993-2008)

Ddu tu nudc ngodi mang lgi lgi ich to

ldn doi vdi cd nudc ddu tu cU ng nhu nudc

tiip nhgn ddu tu. Doi vdi nuac Phdp, dau tu

sang Vi^t Nam giiip ndng cao bicu qud sir

dyng nhung lgi the

or

noi tilp nhdn dau tu, ha

gid thdnh sdn phdm, ndng cao ly suat Igi

nhudn cua von dau tu vd xay dyng dugc thj

trudng cung cap nguyen lieudn djnh, vdi gia

cd phdi chdng. Ddi vdri Viet Nam nudc tiep

nhdn ddu tu, FDI giup ddy manh tdc dp phat

trien kinh te thdng qua viec tao ra nhiing

doanh nghiep mdi, thu

biit

them

lao

ddng,

gidi quyet mgt phdn nan that nghiep

a

trong

nuac,khdc phuc tinh trang thieu vdn keo ddi.

Theo sau FDI Id mdy mdc, thiet bj \a cdng

nghp mdi, giiip Viet Nam tiep can vdi khoa

hpc - ky thud t mod. Cdc td chiirc sdn xuat

trong nuoc bdt kip phuang thirc qudnly

cdng

nghipp hipn d ii, lyc lugng lao dgng quen dan

vdi phong each ldm \iec cdng nghiep,.hinh

thdnh dan dgi ngii nhung nhd doanh nghiep

gidi.

FDI cdn giiip tdng thu cho ngdn sdch

Nhd nuoc. Thong qua boat dgng dau tu tryc

tiep,

cdc cdng ty

Phdp

da chuyin giao nhieu

cdng nghp hipn dai vd ky ndng dap

iing

nhu

cdu phdt trien cua cdc nuac thugc thi gidi

thiiba.

'

Ambassade de France au Vietnam (2005),

La

eooperationfranco-vietnammienne:

faitset chiffer

lescahiersdelacoperationfrancaiseau Vietnam.


7/8

uu tuteue

tie fL

(Q^9^).

51

Tuy nhien, ke tir sau khiing hoang tdi

ehinh khu vyc, de nhan thay Id ddu tu cua

Phap vao Viet Nam tir nam 2000 din 2008,

hau het eae dy an duge cap phep Id eac dy an

quy md nhd dudi 5 tripu USD, khdng ke dy

an BOT nha may dien Phu My 2.2. Cae dy

an

ciia

Phap cd ty le vdn thyc hien so vai

vdn dang ky ehi dat 49%, thdp hon mure binh

quan chung cua ca nudc la 59% Tuy hien

dimg thii chin trong danh sach cae nudc va

lanh thd dau tu vao Viet Nam, song dieu nay

chua thyc sy tuong xiing \ di tiem nang kinh

teciia

Phap ciing nhu mdi quan he giiia hai

nudc

Qua nhieu nam hgp tac dau tu giira hai

nude, dau tu

ciia

Phap da ed mat a nhieu tinh

va thanh phd trong nhieu ITnh vyc vd dudi

nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, gdp phan quan

trpng vao cdng cudc ddi mai cua Viet Nam.

Nam

1995, khi My da bd cam van vai Viet

Nam, sd eae cdng ty Phap tim tai Viet Nam

tang manh. Do qud ky vpng vdo viec chinh

phue thj trudng cd tai 80 trieu dan, ed ngudn

lao ddng ddi dao, re vd chat lupng eiia Viet

Nam, eac cdng ty Phdp da khdng ludng trudc

dugc sy phiirc tap van hod vd can benh tham

nhiing tai Viet Nam qudc gia va i xudt phdt

diem cdn thdp do chien tranh vd nhieu nam

quan ly kinh te yeu kem. Cudc khung hodng

tai ehinh chdu A da ldm gidm hdn sy nhiet

tinh eua eac nhd ddu tu vd nhieu cdng ty

Phap da bd cudc. Ong Nicolas Audier, Gidm

ddc hang ludt Gide LoyretteNouel eiiaPhap

cho biet: Cdc cdng ly ldn khdc ciing gap

phdinhieng lhdibai ddng ki tgi VielNam md

hg chua the quen, thdi gian dd thay doi vd

r

mgt sd hdng dd thdnh cong, nhung nhung

thdt bai Igi V iel Nam vdn dm dnh ^'*Theo

Dai sir Nhat Ban tai Vict Nam, tren the gidi

dang ed cudc canh tranh dau tu rat khdc lict

va Viet Nam can phai nhin nhan rang mdi

trudrng dau tuciia Viet Nam chua hap dan^^

Vi vay, ngudn vdn FDI vao Viet Nam ndi

chung vd FDI eiia Phap ndi rieng da ed xu

hudng chung lai.

Ciing nhu eac nha dau tu nudc ngoai

khac,

eae nhd dau tu Phap ciing gap khdng it

nhirng khd khan khi dau tu vao Viet

Naih.

Vi

du, he thdng phap luat dieu hanh nen kinh te

ciia Viet Nam chua dn dinh, hoan chinh.

Ngodi ra, tai cac ca quan va doanh nghiep

Viet Nam cdn tdn tai mdt sd hien tugng tieu

cyc,

thdi quen lam viec, le ldi hanh ehinh,

quan lieu... ciing la yeu td gav can trd qua

trinh dau tu. Theo cac nha doanh nghiep

Phap:

Cdng viec kinh doanh d V iet Nam

hien cdn cd khd nhieu thu thdch vd rui ro...

Mdi trudng ludt phdp chua hod n chinh vd

thudng xuyen thay ddi, he thdng nhung quy

djnh vd che do quan lieu phien hd. Nhung

khuyet tdt la lung trong cung cdch ldm viec

cua cdp ca sd Dd la nhiing trd ngai ldn

'^Phan H uu T hdng, tldd, tr. 55.

Trdn Vu Phu ong, Ddu tu true tiip eua Phdp a Viet

Nam thai ky 1988 1996 ,

Tap chf Nghien cuu Chau

Au,s6

5/1996,

tr.51.

^*

Thong tan xd Viet Nam, Trien

vpng

hogt dong ddu

tu eua Phdp a Viet Nam , s6 5/10/2004,

http://www.vov.org.vn -

Phuang Nggc Thach,

Thu hiit ddu tu true tiip

nude ngodi a Viet Nam: Tdn tgi vd kiin nghi , Tap

chi PhdttriSnKinh

d,

thdng10/2003.

*

Thai bdo Kinh

tg, Quan he hap tdc Viet- Phdp ,

8/12/1999, tr.2.
http://www.vov.org.vn/http://www.vov.org.vn/


8/8

52

NGHIENCCfUCHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEWNl 2

135).

11

nhat doi xd i vicedau lueiiacac cdng ly Phdp

ndi

rieng

va cac doanh nghipp phuang Tay

ndi chung - nhCrng doanh nghipp dd quen

hoat dpng trong mdt mdi trudrng quy cii,

vdi

nhung luat chai chat che,bai ban va xa la vdi

tap quan kinh doanh day bat trac d Vict

Nam. Dieu nay cung ly giai vi sao eac nudc

\a liinh thd chau A khac nhu Dai Loan,

Singapore, Trung Q uo c...

ludn

dan dau lrong

dau lu van Vict Nam. Hicn nay, ngoai trir

mpt nhdm cac cdng ty cd

ten

tudi nhu

iTanee

Telecom, lileelricitc de l-rancc vd Group

Bourbon, nhieu cdng ty lan

eiia

Phap van

chua cd mat tai Vict Nam.

Ben canh dd, mac dii Viet Nam da ed

chinh sach hdi nhap kinh le qudc te tam

chien luge, song mdt sd chinh sach trong

ngan han thudng xuyen thay ddi, nhieu khi

khdng nhat quan, thieu dn djnh, anh budng

den sy hap dan

ciia

mdi trudng dau tu (chinh

sach thue. quy djnh ve ty le ndi dja hod lien

quan den xuat khau...) nen chua tao cho ban

hang Phap ldng tin, yen tam ldm dn lau ddi

vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam.

Hon niia, do trdi qua khiing hoang tdi

chinh - tien lc, nen nhu cdu thu hut ddu tu

nude ngodi

ciia

khu vyc Ddng Nam A de tdi

thiet va phat trien nen kinh le rat cap bach.

Cac nudc a khu vyc Ddng Nam A deu dua ra

nhiing ehinh sach hap dan eac nhd ddu nuac

ngoai, dac biet, Trung Qudc Id thi trudng ddu

tu cd sire canh tranh rdt manh

tii

khi tra

thdnh thdnh vien cua Td chiic Thuong mai

Ihl gioi (WTO). Trong khi dd, chinh sach

dau lu nudrc ngodi

ciia

Viet Nam cdn nhieu

han cbl, IgiIblso sanhciia Vict Nam bjkem

di rat nhilu. Quy md ciia thi trudrng Viet

Nam van cdn nhd so vai nhilu nuac chau A

khac nlu tinh tong thu nhap qudc dan (GDP)

va thu nhap quoc dan tinh theo dau nguai, do

dd cac cdng ty Idn va da qudc gia den lir

chau Au ndi chung vd Phap ndi

riC-ng. chi

danh gid Vict Nam la mdt thi trudng ndm

lrong chiln luge chdu Aciiahg. Cdc cdng ty

nhd rat than trgng khi tiln hdnh dau lu ngan

han, gidm manh cac boat ddng dau tu va mpt

so muon rut khdi Viet Nam, sd khac

lai

chua

coi thj trudng Viet Nam Id quan trpng trong

giai doan nay.

Ket luan

DOmg

hdng

Ihir

ehin trong sd cac nudc

vd vimg Idnh thd cd ngudn \ on dau tu vao

Viet Nam, Phap hipn Id nuac chdu Au cd

quan hp khdng kbit \a'\ Viet Nam tren ITnh

\

yc FDI, tuy van cdn nhirng tra ngai nhu ca

cdu ddu tu chua hgp ly, thu tyc hdnh chinh,

mdi trudng ddu tu \a phdp ly chua thuan

Igi,...can phdi dugc cd hai ben ciing thao ga,

khdc phuc. Trong thdri gian tiep theo, boat

ddng

ciia

Phdp trong

ITnh

vyc

FDI

ndi rieng

vd mdi quan he tren tdt cd cdc mat ndi chung

se duy tri vd phdt trien tdt dpp theo

phiiang

chdm: hUcu nghi truyin thong, hgp tdc loan

dien, Iduddi vd tin cdy trong thi ky XXL

quan he eu - lybia - mot goc nhin lich su

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