química inorgânica
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TRANSCRIPT
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QUQUÍÍMICA INORGÂNICAMICA INORGÂNICA
Prof. Ildemar MayerProf. Ildemar [email protected]@utfpr.edu.br
20102010
MINISTMINISTÉÉRIO DA EDUCARIO DA EDUCAÇÇÃOÃO
Campus ToledoCampus Toledo
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� Excelentes condutores de eletricidade;� Metais moles;� Altamente reativos;� Hidróxidos e óxidos são bases fortes;� Sais/Oxo-sais estáveis.
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS� Ocorrência salina natural;
�Elementos mais pesados que Bi83 são radioativos;
� Muitos reativos em sua forma livre;
� Sais estáveis ao calor: decomposição inviável;
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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OCORRÊNCIA DE METAIS ALCALINOS�Topo da série eletroquímica: eletrólise oudeslocamento inviáveis;
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OCORRÊNCIA DE METAIS ALCALINOS� Fontes: minerais e água do mar;
� Obtenção: eletrólise de sais fundidos;
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� Menos densos entre os metais;
PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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RAIOS IÔNICOS (O2– = 140 pm)
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� Baixas energias de ionização;
PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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Entalpias de Vaporizaçao kJ/mol
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Classes de Elementos Formadores de Clusters Metálicos
COBr–
C60; Pb52–
C8H8; B2H6
Rb9O2
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Metais Nobres
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PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
� Energias de coesão relativamente baixas;
N.C. = 8
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Estrutura CristalinaEstrutura CristalinaEmpacotamento CEmpacotamento Cúúbico de Corpo Centradobico de Corpo Centrado
Prof. IldemarProf. Ildemar
8.1/8 + 1 =8.1/8 + 1 =2 2 áátomos/celatomos/cela
EficiênciaEficiência
~69% ~69%
a~2,3ra~2,3r
bb
h = 4rh = 4r
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a = 2r+ + 2r –
Na+ = 12.1/4 + 1.1 = 4C�– = 8.1/8 + 6.1/2 = 4
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PROPRIEDADES DE METAIS ALCALINOS� Compostos tipicamente brancos (coloridos napresença de outros íons na estrutura).� Cores características da chama e λ;
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METAIS ALCALINOS
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REAÇÕES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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REAÇÕES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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REAÇÕES DE METAIS ALCALINOS
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METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS
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∆∆∆∆G = – n.F.∆∆∆∆E
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Características dos Íons Alcalinos
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Características dos Íons Alcalinos
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Características dos Íons Alcalinos
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J. M. Lehn Supramolecular Chemistry – Concepts and Perspectives VCH:Weinheim – Germany, 1995.
V. Balzani, M. Venturi, A. Credi Molecular Devices and Machines: A Journey in the Nanoworld VCH:Weinheim – Germany, 2003. 35
QUQUÍÍMICA SUPRAMOLECULARMICA SUPRAMOLECULAR
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36
QUQUÍÍMICA SUPRAMOLECULARMICA SUPRAMOLECULAR
Transporte de Transporte de ííons atravons atravéés de membranas s de membranas
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Compostos de Berílio: Polímeros
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Compostos de Magnésio: Natural
Clorofila A
Clorofila B
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39
e e
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40
INSPIRAINSPIRAÇÇÃO: Aparato FotossintÃO: Aparato Fotossintééticotico
QUQUÍÍMICA SUPRAMOLECULAR E A VIDAMICA SUPRAMOLECULAR E A VIDA
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Características do Grupo do Boro XIII
Na2[B4O5(OH)4.8H2O H3BO3 B2O3 2B + 3MgOHX calor Mg
Al2O3.3H2O + 3NaOH + 6HF Na3[AlF6] + 6H2O
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Características do Grupo do Boro XIII
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Características do Grupo do Boro XIII
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Características do Grupo do Boro - XIII
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
N
BN
B
NB
NB
NB
BN
BN
B
NB
NB
Cgrafite
BN
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
BN
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
N
BN
B
NB
H
H
H
H
H
HN
BN
B
NB
H
H
H
H
H
HN
BN
B
NB
H
H
H
H
H
H
Borazina
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
Diboranos: B2H4 Tetraboranos: B4H10
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Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
Diboranos
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
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Compostos do Grupo do Boro - XIII
Chama Verde
A�2C�6
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