raÇas bovinas autÓctones de portugalwebpages.icav.up.pt/pessoas/mccunha/agii_ap/2017/animal/aula...
TRANSCRIPT
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RAÇAS BOVINAS AUTÓCTONES DE
PORTUGAL
Agricultura II
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Minhota ou GalegaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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BarrosãImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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CachenaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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MirandesaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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MarinhoaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
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ArouquesaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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MaronesaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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AlentejanaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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BravaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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PretaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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MertolengaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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Garvonesa ou ChamuscaImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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Ramo GrandeImagens Ruralbit
Agricultura II
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Sistemas de produção em Portugal
Agricultura II
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Table 1- Some differential characteristics of the Portuguese
Extensive and Intensive Production Systems.
Extensive Production Systems Intensive
Indigenous Breeds Genetic Resources Mainly crossbred
imported x indigenous
breeds
- Local Resources
- Indigenous flora
-Quality submitted to the
vegetative cycle
-Photosynthetic capacity
Feed - Mainly Imported
- Concentrate
- - High energy and protein
- More expensive
-Limited supply
-Specific and with
particularities
Produced quantity
and quality
- Mass supply
- Standardised product
Agricultura II
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Table 1- Some differential characteristics of the Portuguese
Extensive and Intensive Production Systems.
Extensive Production Systems Intensive
- Market Niches
increasing tendency
Demand -More generalised
- More expensive Cost per unit
produced
- Less expensive
-Biological response in
function of local
availabilities
- Low density
Animal welfare -To maximise income
- High density
Agricultura II
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Table 1- Some differential characteristics of the Portuguese
Extensive and Intensive Production Systems.
Extensive Production Systems Intensive
- Well adapted but
less productive
Animal - Biological
adaptation
- Higher sensitivity
- Higher production
capacity
- Regional Location - General
- Limited requirement Labour - High manpower
requirement
- Small Influence in
environment
- Potentially aggressive
- Possible Genetic resources
preservation
- Unlikely
Agricultura II
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Characteristics of the
Portuguese
Extensive Production
Systems.
Agricultura II
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Sistemas mais extensivos:
Bovinos
Agricultura II
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Raça DME
(fêmeas)
Produções Distribuição
geográfica
Arouquesa 1-2 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6-
7 meses, 150-190kg)
Trabalho
Norte
Barrosã 1-2 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6
meses, 140-160kg)
Trabalho
Norte
Cachena 1-3 Carne (vitelos ao desmame,
90-110 kg)
Trabalho
Leite
Norte
Minhota ou
Galega
3-4 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6-
7 meses, 190-210kg)
Trabalho e leite
Norte
Maronesa 2-5 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6
meses, 150-170kg)
Trabalho
Norte
Carolino, 1999Agricultura II
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Raça DME
(fêmeas)
Produções Distribuição
geográfica
Mirandesa 2-5 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6-7 meses,
200-220kg)
Trabalho
Norte
Marinhoa 1-2 Carne (vitelos ao desmame, 6 meses,
190-210kg)
Trabalho
Norte Centro
Alentejana 50-100 Carne (novilhos 18-24 meses)
Outrora trabalho
Alentejo, Lisboa
e Vale do Tejo
Preta 80-120 Carne (novilhos 18-24 meses) Alentejo, Lisboa
e Vale do Tejo
Brava 70-120 Touros de lide (4 anos)
Carne
Alentejo, Lisboa
e Vale do Tejo
Agricultura II
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Raça DME
(fêmeas)
Produções Distribuição
geográfica
Garvonesa ou
Chamusca
4-51 Carne
Outrora trabalho
Alentejo
Ramo Grande 1-2 Carne
Trabalho
Açores
1fêmeas em rebanhos com outras raças
Agricultura II
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Table 2 - Characteristics of the Portuguese Extensive Production
Systems.
North/Center Weather South
- With Continental and
Atlantic influence Mediterranic - With Continental influence
15C Average annual
temperature
> 15C
> 800 mm
Gerês, Serra d'Ossa
( 3000 mm)
Average annual rain < 800 mm
Barrancos (400 mm)
- High
- Throughout 8 months
- Lameiros* (70 days)
Frost - Low to medium depending on
proximity of Atlantic Ocean
Agricultura II
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Table 2 - Characteristics of the Portuguese Extensive Production
Systems.
North/Center Soils South
- High relief
- Medium fertility and
productivity
- Medium hydraulic erosion
- Low organic matter
- Granite and
schistose soils with
sandy soils, low pH -
Low levels of
exchangeable bases
- Essentially flat
- Low fertility and productivity
- High hydraulic erosion
(Cereal monoculture)
- Very low organic matter
Production Systems
Small farms (3 ha) Farming size Large farms (300 ha)
3 Average size of the
herd (animals)
75
Agricultura II
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Table 2 - Characteristics of the Portuguese Extensive Production
Systems.
North/Center Production Systems South
Diversified and family type Agricultural kind Entrepreneurship
Meat/traction Aptitude of Indigenous
breeds
Meat
Natural irrigation + Dry land Pasture Dry land
April, May, June and July High digestibility and
high forage production
March, April and May
March and October High digestibility and
low forage production
October, November
Agricultura II
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Table 2 - Characteristics of the Portuguese Extensive Production
Systems.
North/Center Production Systems South
August, September,
November, December,
January, February
Null or low forage
growth
June, July, August, September,
December, January and
February
Hay, cereal straw, turnip,
ferrejos**, potatoes and
fruits
Supplementary feeds Cereal straw, hay,
cereal grain
and restolhos***
Along the year Calving Two periods (Summer and
Winter)
7 months Slaughter age 18 - 24 months
Agricultura II
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
€
Barrosã Maronesa Marinhoa Mertolenga Holstein
Average Annual Price
Agricultura II
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Áreas Geográficas de
Produção, Abate,
Desmancha e
Acondicionamento
Agricultura II
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Sistemas mais extensivos:
Ovinos e Caprinos
Agricultura II
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Sistemas mais extensivos: Ovinos e Caprinos
Norte:
Trilogia Rebanho/Cão/Homem
Pastoreio de percurso
Transumância
Cobrição/Parto
Agricultura IICortelhos nas brandas de pastoreio
Brandas de cultivo agrícola
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Sistemas mais extensivos: Ovinos e Caprinos
Sul:
Maior dimensão dos rebanhos
Pastoreio rotacional
Cobrição/Partos
Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
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Autoctones
RAÇAS CAPRINOS
Agricultura II
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Algarvia
Agricultura II
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Bravia
Agricultura II
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Charnequeira
Agricultura II
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Serpentina
Agricultura II
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Serrana
Agricultura II
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RAÇAS OVINOS
Autoctones
Agricultura II
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Churra Badana
Agricultura II
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Bordaleira do Entre-Douro e Minho
Agricultura II
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Campaniça
Agricultura II
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Churra Algarvia
Agricultura II
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Merina da Beira Baixa
Agricultura II
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Merina Preta
Agricultura II
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Saloia
Agricultura II
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Raça DME
(fêmeas)
Produções Distribuição
geográfica
Churra
Badana Pequena Carne (3 meses)
Leite (90 l/150 dias)
Norte
Terra Quente Média Carne (1-2 meses)
Leite (75 l/150 dias)
Norte
Galega
Bragançana
100-
150
Carne (4-6 meses) Norte
Galega Mirandesa 30-50 Carne (3-4 meses) Norte
Mondegueira 30-50 Leite (105 l/150 dias)
Carne (1 mês)
Centro
Algarvia Pequena Carne (3-4 meses)
Lã
Algarve
Serra da Estrela 30-100 Leite (150 l/150 dias)
Carne (1 mês)
Centro
Carolino, 1999Agricultura II
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Raça DME
(fêmeas)
Produções Distribuição geográfica
Merino Beira Baixa Média Carne (1-2 meses)
Leite (70 l/150 dias)
Centro
Saloia Média Leite (110 l/150 dias)
Carne (2 meses)
Lisboa e Vale do Tejo
Merina Branca 300-
500
Carne (3-4 meses)
Outrora leite
Lã
Alentejo, Lisboa e Vale
do Tejo
Merina Preta 300-
500
Carne (3-4 meses) Alentejo
Campaniça 200-
500
Carne (3-4 meses)
Lã
Alentejo e Algarve
Agricultura II
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Raça DME (fêmeas) Produções Distribuição
geográfica
Serrana Pequena Leite (185 l/190 dias)
Carne (30-40 dias)
Norte/Centro
Bravia Grande Carne (45-60 dias) Norte
Charnequeira 10-50 (Centro)
100-150 (Alentejo)
Carne (45-90 dias)
Leite (180 l/190 dias)
Centro
Alentejo
Serpentina 100-200 Carne (2-3 meses)
Leite (215 l/225 dias)
Alentejo
Algravia Pequena Leite
Carne (45-60 dias)
Algarve
Carolino, 1999Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones de Suínos
Bísara
Alentejana
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Produtos certificados:
Carne de porco Bísaro (DOP)
Salpicão de Vinhais (IGP)
Chouriço/Linguiça de Vinhais (IGP)
Presunto de Vinhais (IGP)
Alheira de Vinhais (IGP)
Salpicão de Melgaço, presunto de Melgaço, chouriça de sangue de Melgaço e chouriça de carne de Melgaço (IGP)
Concurso anual da raça e exposições
Associação Nacional de Criadores de Suínos de Raça Bísara criada em 1994
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Características morfológicas
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Sistemas de produção:
Tradicionais
Semi-extensivo
Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
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Agricultura II
Rui Lameira
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Bísara
Principais características produtivas:
Raça de crescimento lento
Baixa eficiência alimentar
Elevada prolificidade
Fraca conformação da carcaça
Baixa % de carne magra
Espessura do toucinho: cerca de 20 mm
Carne marmoreada
Carne de elevada qualidade sensorial e tecnológica
Gordura com bom equilíbrio entre ácidos gordos saturados e insaturados
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Produtos certificados:
Carne de porco Alentejana (DOP)
Presunto de Barrancos (DOP)
Enchidos de Portalegre (IGP)
Enchidos de Estremoz e Borba (IGP)
União das Associações de Criadores do Porco da Raça Alentejana em 1992 (gestão do LG)
Concursos morfológicos da raça, exposições, provas de degustação
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Sistemas de produção:
Tradicionais
Actuais
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Partos: Out – Dez e Mar – Jun;
Desmame aos 45 dias;
Recria até Set/Out;
Regime de montanheira (GMD 650 – 1000 g/d) até abate: Carne fresca: 90-100 kg; 8-14 meses
Enchidos: 120-140 kg; 14-20 meses
Presunto: 150-170 kg; 14-24 meses
Agricultura II
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Raças Autóctones: Raça Alentejana
Principais características produtivas:
Abate:
Carne para consumo em fresco: 8-14 meses (90-120 kg PV)
Matéria-prima para enchidos certificados com IG: 15-24 meses (120-140 kg PV; carcaça no min. com 90 kg) (para indústria nacional de presunto ou mercado espanhol: PV entre 150-170 kg)
Carne muito saborosa e suculenta, de textura fina
Gordura firme
Comparativamente a outras raças estrangeiras, apresenta índices de produtividade inferiores
2 partos/ano
Monta natural Agricultura II