IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH

IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH

CHAPTER.1INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

CINEMACinema is a film, a story recorded as set of moving pictures to be shown on screen of a theatre house and television. It is a channel of expression and communication. The cinema is one of the most important inventions of modern science. It was invented by Edison, An American scientist. It is a medium of instruction as well as recreation. The cinema plays an important role in the social, political, educational and moral life.The history of film began in the late 1880s with the invention of the first movie camera. Motion pictures were initially exhibited as a carnival novelty and developed to one of the most important tools of communication and entertainment, and mass media in the 20th century and into the 21st century. Most films before 1930 were silent. Motion picture films have substantially affected the arts, technology, and politics.The movie theatre was considered a cheaper, simpler way to provide entertainment to the masses. Movies became the most popular visual art form of the late Victorian age. It was simpler because before the cinema people would have to travel long distances to see major dioramas or amusement parks. With the advent of the cinema this changed. During the first decade of the cinema's existence, inventors worked to improve the machines for making and showing films.On June 15, 1878, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford, Edward Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie Gardner" in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. tienne-Jules Marey invented a chrono photographic gun in 1882, which was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, recording all the frames on the same picture. William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, chief engineer with the Edison Laboratories, is credited with the invention of a practicable form of a celluloid strip containing a sequence of images, the basis of a method of photographing and projecting moving imagesThe Lumiere brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas, and Louis Jean were the earliest filmmakers in history.

INDIAN CINEMACinema has become the most influential art form of 20th century from its marginal beginnings. India holds eminent position in film making in the world. It produces highest number of films every year.The screening of the Lumiere moving pictures in London (1895) cinema became a sensation across Europe and by July 1896 the Lumiere films had been in show in Bombay. The first Indian film released in India was Shree pundalik a silent film in Marathi by Dadasaheb Torne on 18 May 1912 at 'Coronation Cinematograph', Mumbai.The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, Dadasaheb is the pioneer of Indian film industry a scholar on India's languages and culture, who brought together elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harishchandra (1913), a silent film in Marathi.The 1970s did, nevertheless, see the rise of commercial cinema in form of enduring films such as Sholay (1975).

MALAYALAM CINEMA The cinema of Kerala (also known as Molly wood, Malayalam cinema, Malayalam film industry) is the Indian film industry based in Kerala, India, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Malayalam language.The first film to be made in Malayalam was Vigathakumaran. Production started in 1928, and it was released in Trivandrum Capitol Theatre on 23 October 1930. It was produced and directed by J. C. Daniel, a businessman with no prior film experience, who is credited as the father of Malayalam cinema. Daniel founded the first film studio, The Travancore National Pictures Limited, in Kerala. The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Trissur by K. W. Joseph in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established.

NEW GENERATION FILMSNew generation films characterized by fresh and unusual themes. The films of new wave differed from conventional themes of the past decade and introduced several new trends to the industry. By this dialogues got more real, closer to life and central characters became ordinary. Rise of metro-centric and middle-class/urban themes, female-oriented films and change in perspectives were also noted. Some of these films are criticized for explicit language and provocative themes, often under the guise of bold or modern themes and promoting the use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco.INFLUENCE OF CINEMAFilms may depart from reality; still others use the limitations of it to tell stories that can be seen in everyday life. Whichever the fashion, movies have the ability to teach us things, and these lessons have for better or worse influenced us with love, hope, anger, tragedy, humor, excitement, adventure and an ever-growing sense of wonder. The cinema, it is said, can serve as a good medium of education and instruction, and the message that can be conveyed through films cannot be conveyed as effectively through any other channel.

GOOD EFFECTS OF CINEMA1) Entertainment2) Creates fashion and trend 3) Encourages the creativity and talents4) Conveys good message5) Provides Knowledge

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CINEMA1) The film censors seem to be more liberal than ever and allow sex and violent scenes which have a bad effect on the mental make-up of youth. Visiting the cinemas too often at the cost of class lectures and by missing lectures also spoils the education of youth. Instead of imbibing the basic virtues of life, youth begin to think of flirting and seducing, like the screen heroes.2) The youth imbibe negative social values. Both rural and urban youth thus fall victims to vicious temptations.3) Thousands of young boys and girls have virtually ruined themselves in the senseless quest for becoming cinema "stars".4) Usage of tobacco, alcohol and drugs are becoming more common as a style factor.5) Causes money loss in a great amount by the expense of cinema tickets and travel expense.

CHAPTER.2OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY

Rationale of the studyCinema has become the most influential art form in every part of the world. India holds eminent position in film making in the world. It produces highest number of films every year. Whatever may be the quality of the film, they continue to be the popular mass media. Earlier, cinema was a simple means of mechanical recording, preserving and reproducing moving visual images.Cinema is a powerful medium. That is the most-clicked sentence that one gets to hear or read, but it is also the most truthful. A film can change someones life for better or worse and forever. Cinema might be a double-edged sword, but human beings, who are armed with the sixth sense and ingenuity, are experts in using such tools to their advantage.

OBJECTIVES1. To determine the relevance of cinema2. To find out the attitude of youth towards cinema3. To find out the importance of cinema in building habits4. To check the influence of cinema in Personal life, career and life style5. To evaluate the nature of todays cinema

Clarification of conceptsCinemaCinema is an art form where artists are acted in a way to satisfy the story of it. Cinema is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera

YouthYouth is generally the time of life between childhood and adulthood. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one who is young". Youth is a term used for people of both sexes, male and female, of a young age.MethodologyMethodology includes a collection of theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry. The researcher is planning to do the study by the direct contact and observations made among the youth in Trivandrum city.

SampleFrom among the youth in Trivandrum city, 50 persons were chosen for analysis and among them 32 were male and 18 were female.Sampling Area and DurationWithin duration of fifteen days, educational institutions, cinema theatres within city limits were approached.

Data collectionFor this study, the primary data has been collected by interviewing the chosen sample. Secondary data includes information from books, journals and internet.Tools of data collectionInterview schedule was the major instrument used and the respondents showed interest to fill up handed out interview schedule. Questions were put up to understand the personal details, preference towards cinema genre, attitude towards movies and the impact the respondents felt which cinema had on them. Even though the questions were closed, adequate alternatives were given.

Data AnalysisAfter the data is collected through observations or enquiry, we must prepare them for presentations and analysis. Here data collected was constituted in tables after the percentages of the different responses for different variables were calculated. Bar diagrams has been used to present the interesting data.

Limitations of studyMost of the respondents were hesitated to respond truly toward the bad habits they are having such as drugs consumption and smoking. However, eventually it was possible to fulfill the main aims and objectives of this study in a desired manner. The findings of the study are solely based on the information provided by the respondents.

CHAPTER.3IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH

Going to the pictures has now become a craze with young people, both boys and girls, and it has been noticed that they often economize on other items of expenditure but they must see films every week, if not twice or thrice a week. A healthy hobby is, of course, to be welcomed but seeing films too frequently is far from such a hobby.This fast growing habit is not only expensive (because of the high rates of admission to cinema halls) but also results in considerable waste of precious time which can certainly be devoted to healthier, less wasteful and more gainful pursuits.If Indian films had been well and properly made, with a sound educative theme forming a part of the story, the harm done to youth would have been much less than it actually is. But the tragedy is that most Indian films present scenes of sex, violence, crime and other deviations from normal human behaviour. The pernicious influence of films is thus obvious.When grossly vulgar and crude romantic scenes are presented on the screen, along with songs and duets, and when boys are shown chasing girls, indulging in improper jokes, and singing catchy, lilting tunes, it is no wonder that young boys imitate the screen heroes in everyday life and try to convert what they see in films into realities.Education and other experts have repeatedly found that the main source of eve teasing and assaults on girls in our towns and cities, in the market place and elsewhere, is the cinema. Young people see on the screen a hero running after a heroine, approaching and tempting her in subtle ways. Such talk and gestures naturally catch the attention of the immature cinema fans and affect their thinking and conduct. Thus, the social fabric and the morals of the young people are adversely affected.The efforts of parents and teachers to give their boys and girls sound education and to teach them good, ethical behaviour and good morals in order that they may become good citizens are thus defeated. The parents' own hard-earned money is spent by their grown-up boys and girls in watching films which have an adverse impact on character and morals, apart from queering the pitch for the training for good citizenship.The cinema, it is said, can serve as a good medium of education and instruction, and the message that can be conveyed through films cannot be conveyed as effectively through any other channel, such as the radio, because of the colourful, visual impact made by gorgeously dressed girls conducting themselves in a particular fashion, defying their parents and guardians, challenging their judgment, describing them as old-fashioned etc., walking out of their houses at odd hours and sometimes marrying the hero secretly and then creating awkward situations or giving major shocks to their parents.The love scenes, the amorous couples, the stereotyped formula stories and the eternal triangle all create an effect that is far from healthy or conducive to good morals and good conduct.Young boys and girls are attracted by the affluence and glamour they see on the screen, and there are many cases of youth either running away from home or pressing their parents to let them go to Bombay to try their luck in Bollywood.Each cinema-crazy boy and girl (especially those having an attractive personality) thinks he or she can prosper like -he heroes and the "stars" seen on the screen. All the stories they hear of top "stars" being paid lakhs of rupees for each film and living in grand style proves irresistible.Thousands of young boys and girls have virtually ruined themselves in the senseless quest for becoming cinema "stars". Only a handful of talented actors and actresses prosper, while most of the young aspirants have to face intense frustration and utter disappointment because everyone cannot become a cinema hero or heroine. Most of them have to remain content with secondary or supporting roles, sometimes not even that.Another notable aspect of the situation is that whenever some enterprising producer presents a simple, true-to-life story, based on the works of famous short story or fiction writers as Prem Chand or Sarat Chandra, such films, and also art films free of glamour, seldom prove successful and prove to be flops at the box office. The modern audiences want songs and dances, spectacle and gorgeous costumes, love scenes and fights. What sort of citizens can the country hope to produce when the films the young see are totally misleading, lack aesthetical values.The film censors also seem to be more liberal than ever and allow sex and violent scenes which have a bad effect on the mental make-up of youth. Visiting the cinemas too often at the cost of class lectures and by missing lectures also spoils the education of youth. Instead of imbibing the basic virtues of life, our youth begin to think of flirting and seducing, like the screen heroes.The youth imbibe negative social values. Both rural and urban youth thus fall victims to vicious temptations. It is not contended that there should be a total ban on films. But steps should certainly be taken to see that good instructive films are made, not trash and ruinous presentations merely to cater to cheap tastes.IMPACT OF CINEMA ON SOCIAL LIFEWhen man comes home after days work, he needs some sort of entertainment and relaxation. Cinema has proved a wonderful and forceful means of entertainment and amusement. A young man of today can go without food but not without a film. The cinema is the cheapest and the most popular form of amusement. Laborers can afford to miss their evening meal, not their evening show.Students prefer films to reading books. Thus, cinema exercises a very powerful effect on society.Cinema is a universal teacher. It educates the people in different branches of learning. Our film producers have made very purposeful films to collect public opinion against some of the social evils as dowry system, the labour exploitation. It can teach us natural history, geography, botany, chemistry etc. Documentary films lead us to a street in New York are to a park of Tokyo.These films increase our knowledge, broaden our outlook. Social pictures throw light on social evils as untouchability, casteism, unemployment and the curse of widowhood, etc. These films ripen our eyes and create in us an urge for improvement.Cinema has a great commercial value also. It is itself a great industry, Lacs of men and women are directly or indirectly employed in this industry. It is a good and easy means of advertisement. Things and articles can be shown in practical use through the films.Most of the modern Indian movies ignore higher ideals. It is wrong to say that the public wants vulgarity. Too much cinema going is injurious to eyesight, health and purse. Bad films leave a very vitiating effect on the minds of youth. They give rise to different kinds of crimes. The vulgar obscene pictures should not be allowed to be exhibited. They cause morality in society.The films which make the people gamblers, dacoits, etc. should totally be banned. The traders of film industry should not be ill owed to profit by showing sensual scenes and physical demonstration of love. These films effect the moral character of young boys and girls badly.Cinema, on the whole, is a powerful means of recreation as well as of education. It is not itself bad. The film producers should select good stories classical mythology, historical subjects and Indian literary master-pieces. Documentary films on scientific, historical and literary subjects should be shown to students. The producers are misusing cinema for making huge profits.It should be moral duty of producers to produce noble and inspiring films. The Government should take care of this. If cinema industry produces noble and inspiring films, the cinema would be a true friend, philosopher and guide of the masses.

CHAPTER.4DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

3.1 Percentage Analysis Showing Gender

Table 3.1Shows the gender analysis

GenderFrequencyPercentage

Male3264%

Female1836%

50 persons were chosen for interview, among them 32 persons were male and rest of 18 were female. This shows that majority of the respondents were male.

Figure 3.1Shows the gender analysis

3.2 Percentage analysis showing age groups

Table 3.2Shows the age groups

AgeFrequencyPercentage

15 185 10%

18 211122%

21 252652%

25 30 816%

From 50 persons chosen for interview, 5 persons belong to age limit of 1518, 11 persons belong to age limit of 18-21, 26 persons belong to age limit of 2125 and 8 persons belong to age limit of 2530.52% of the sample were from the age group of 21-25.

Figure 3.2Shows the age groups

3.3 Percentage analysis showing frequency of watching films

Table 3.3Shows the frequency of watching films

How oftenFrequencyPercentage

Once a month2142%

2 5 times a month2244%

5 10 times a month714%

Never00%

This analysis shows that youth are attracted to cinema. Majority of them goes for the movie at least 25 times a month, 44% of the total belongs to this group, 42% of them watches the movie once a month, 14% of them watches 5-10 times a month and there is no one who never goes for cinema, which is o%.

Figure 3.3Shows the frequency of watching films

3.4 Percentage analysis showing preference of film genre

Table 3.4 Shows the preference of film genre

Film genreFrequencyPercentage

Action1632%

Comedy1530%

Science fiction612%

Drama1326%

From the analysis of preference of film genre it is clear that majority of the audience prefer action and comedy films. Action films are preferred by 32% and comedy films are preferred by 30%. Drama oriented films are preferred by 26% of audience but science fiction has only 12% of preference.Figure 3.4Shows the preference of film genre

3.5 Percentage analysis of factors influence to watch a movie

Table 3.5Shows the factors influence movie selection

Influencing factorsFrequencyPercentage

Director1122%

Cast1326%

Genre48%

Storyline2244%

The above analysis shows the factors influencing movie selection. Director, cast, Genre and storyline are important factor. From that 44% people give more importance for storyline, they expect more from cinema. 26% of people focus on cast, they always want to watch the movies of their favorite stars. 22% of the total sample having interest on Directors and they trust some director who can make up to their expectations. Only 8% shows interest on film genre.

Figure 3.5Shows the factors influence movie selection

3.6 Percentage analysis of person accompanying for cinema

Table 3.6Shows the frequency of person accompanying

Person(s) accompanyingFrequencyPercentage

Friends2856%

Parents36%

Girlfriend/Boyfriend1326%

Alone612%

This question was to examine the mode of going for cinema. From this study we could easily conclude that majority of people consider friends to accompany them for cinema. That is 56% who want friends to be with them.26% wish to watch with partners.12% likes to watch movie alone and only 6% prefer watching with parents.

Figure 3.6Shows the frequency of person accompanying

3.7 Percentage analysis on influence of cinema in personal life

Table 3.7Shows the influence of cinema in personal life

ChoiceFrequencyPercentage

Yes24%

No2346%

Sometimes1632%

Not sure918%

This shows the influence of cinema in personal life. 46% says that cinema does not have much influence in their life. 32% says sometimes cinema can influence them. 18% of them are not sure in this case and only 4% says that cinema can always influence the personal life.Figure 3.7Shows the influence of cinema in personal life

3.8 percentage analysis showing the view of youth towards new generation films

Table 3.8Shows the view of youth towards new generation films

ChoiceFrequencyPercentage

It is good/ different1938%

More real/ Bold918%

Spoiling the culture1428%

Provoking816%

New generation movies are going through so much criticism, because they are bold and entirely different from conventional themes of the past decade. Even though 38% of the sample claimed that it is good or different. But 28% said that it is spoiling our culture.16% of them felt it as provoking and 18% accepted that it is bold or more real to the actual life.

Figure 3.8Shows the view of youth towards new generation films

3.9 Percentage analysis showing the rate of influence of style factor of cinema

Table 3.9Shows the rate of influence of style factor of cinema

ChoiceFrequency Percentage

Always 48%

It depends 1224%

Sometimes2346%

Never1122%

This analysis was conducted to examine the rate of influence of style factor of cinema. Majority of the youngsters said that style factor of cinema was influenced at sometimes; they were 46% who opted this. 24% said it depends, 22% said it never influenced them and 8% said it always influences them. So it is clear that the style factor of cinema is influenced in youth.

Figure 3.9Shows the rate of influence of style factor of cinema

3.10 Percentage analysis showing whether cinema promotes nonsocial elements or habits.

Table 3.10Shows whether cinema promotes nonsocial elements or habits

Nonsocial elements/ HabitsFrequencyPercentage

Smoking1734%

Drinking (alcohol)714%

Drugs consumption24%

Not any2448%

Cinema always captures the scene of using tobacco, alcohol or drugs. This is sometimes used as the style factors of the characters in cinema. So there is a great chance for it to be imitated by youth. 34% said that they got addicted to smoking by cinema. 14% claimed that they started drinking by seeing in cinema.4% used drugs because of cinema and majority said they got attracted to nothing by cinema. So it proves that cinema promotes nonsocial habits to an extend but the majority shows how to get rid of it.

Table 3.10Shows whether cinema promotes nonsocial elements or habits

3.11 Percentage analysis showing whether cinema plays a role as deciding factor

Table 3.11Shows whether cinema plays a role as deciding factor

Choice FrequencyPercentage

Yes36%

May be1326%

Not sure2040%

Never1428%

This analysis is to determine whether cinema plays the role as deciding factor in youth. Majority of the youth were not sure to answer it that is 40%. Then 28% of them said that cinema has never been a deciding factor for them. 6% felt cinema as deciding factor and 26% showed the chance for cinema for being a deciding factor.

Figure 3.11Shows whether cinema plays a role as deciding factor

3.12 Percentage analysis showing how cinema encourages other art forms

Table 3.12Shows how cinema encourages other art forms

Choice FrequencyPercentage

Yes3468%

no1632%

Analysis conducted for knowing whether cinema encourages other art forms. 68% of youth claimed that cinema encourages other art forms. Also 32% opposed it. It is clear from the table that cinema encourages other art forms such as dance, music etc.

Figure 3.12Shows how cinema encourages other art forms

3.13 Percentage analysis showing relevance of cinema as medium for giving message

Table 3.13Shows the relevance of cinema as medium for giving message

ChoiceFrequencyPercentage

Always1428%

Sometimes1734%

It depends1326%

Never612%

This can be considered as a study on the topic relevance of cinema as medium for giving message. 28% chose always in this case, 34% said only sometimes. 26% said it depends on certain other factors and 12% argued it cannot become a good medium. From this analysis it is clear that cinema is somewhat relevant as medium for giving message.

Figure 3.13Shows the relevance of cinema as medium for giving message

3.14 Percentage analysis showing the purpose of cinema

Table 3.14Shows the purpose of cinema

PurposesFrequencyPercentage

Entertaining2244%

Relaxing1428%

Informative816%

Waste of time612%

By this analysis the purpose of cinema was analyzed. 44% of the youth consider cinema as a source of entertainment. 28% seems it as an element for relaxation. 16% claimed it as informative and 12% said it is simply waste of time. So cinema includes entertainment, information etc.Figure 3.14Shows the purpose of cinema

3.15 Percentage analysis showing relevance of cinema in life

Table 3.15Shows the relevance of cinema in life

RelevanceFrequencyPercentage

Yes3978%

No1122%

This analysis shows the relevance of cinema in life. 78% of youth claims that cinema is relevant in their life, they cant even think about a living without cinema as a medium of entertainment. But 22% opposed it and said it is not relevant.

Figure 3.15Shows the relevance of cinema in life

3.16 Percentage analysis showing social relevancy of todays film

Table 3.16Shows the social commitment of todays film

Social RelevancyFrequencyPercentage

Yes2856%

No2244%

Social commitment of todays film was analyzed. From that 56% agreed that todays film has social commitment. Todays cinema discusses about rising problems of society even political issues very boldly but there was also 44% to oppose it.

Figure 3.16Shows the social commitment of todays film

3.17 Percentage analysis showing how to carry the impact of cinema

Table 3.17Shows how to carry the impact of cinema

ChoiceFrequencyPercentage

Accept everything612%

Reject everything36%

Accept the good,Reject the bad2346%

Do nothing1836%

The impact of cinema is to be handled carefully. Everything which gets from cinema should not be accepted or followed. 46% of youth prescribed a path to accept the good and reject the bad. 12% of youth wish to accept everything and 6% wants to reject everything. And rest of the 36% says to do nothing with which we get from cinema.Figure 3.17How to carry the impact of cinema

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSIONFrom the study conducted among youth it is clear that they are attracted towards cinema. They prefer to visit cinema at least once a month. Storyline of the film has more importance while selecting cinema, director and cast are also other factors which affect the selection of cinema. Friends are preferred to be with while watching cinema, partners are also equally preferred but parents have the least preference.Cinema is fully influenced to the life for youth, but some features of cinema can influence the life. Style factor is the most widely attracted feature from cinema. But some among the youth gets attracted to nonsocial elements such as alcohol, tobacco and drugs consumption. So it can be said that cinema has two phases, from which one is positive and other is negative. Youth has an opinion that cinema does not become a deciding factor in life but it will encourage them to select a career. Also cinema has the ability to promote other art forms like music dance etc. New generation movies have good impact on youth as they are more bold and real in nature and so they says that it has social commitment as it is enough bold to handle any kind of subject as story.Movies are created to provide refreshment and recreation to people. Not only for recreation, they create awareness about happenings in our surroundings. But now a days movies had a great impact on not only youth but also on children. Impact mainly depends on us, any movie will have bad and good and it is ourselves shall able to distinguish between them. If we take positive things in a movie we definitely have a positive impact.Now a days, creation of movie become completely commercial, nobody is thinking of the society, they thinking only about money. There are also movies that make us to wake up. On the other hand film industry is giving livelihood to many artists, technicians etc. Coming to the point of youth, youth is a part of life where we get much to enjoy. In any stage of life, we do not have that much power and enthusiasm and also time to watch movies. Youth as grown-up, they should make themselves to grasp good things in a movie. Movies have a power to make the world and break the world.

REFERENCE

REFERENCESBOOKSIndian FilmThe Cinemas of IndiaTeaching Indian CinemaIndian Popular CinemaInside Malayalam Cinema

WEBSITEShttp://en.wikipedia.orgwww.dosomething.orgwww.ask.com

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF CINEMA ON YOUTH

1. Name: 2. Gender Male Female 3. Age group: 15 18 18 21 21 25 25 30 4. How often do you visit the cinema? Once a month 2 5 times a month 5 10 times a month Never 5. What genre film do you like to watch? Action Comedy Science fiction Drama6. What makes you want to watch a movie? Director Cast Genre Storyline7. Who usually comes with you for cinema? Friends Parents Girlfriend/boyfriend Alone8. Have you ever felt that cinema can influence your life? Yes No Sometimes Not sure9. What is your view towards new generation films? It is good/different More real/bold Spoiling the culture Provoking10. How the style factors of cine media do affect you? Always It depends Sometimes Never 11. Have you ever got attracted to any of the following activities through cine media? Smoking Drinking Drugs consumption Not any

12. Do cinema plays a role as deciding factor of your career? Yes May be Not sure Never13. Do you think that the cinema can make you attracted towards other art forms such as dance and music? Yes No 14. Do cinema seems to be a perfect medium to convey a message? Always Sometimes It depends Never15. How can you define the purpose of cinema? Entertaining Relaxing Informative Waste of time16. Is cinema an inevitable element? Yes No

17. Todays films have social commitment? Yes No18. What should we do with which we get from cinema? Accept everything Reject everything Accept the good, Do nothing Reject the bad

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Garth S Jowett: Children and the movies published by the press syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

Martin Barker: Ill Effects; the media violence debate published by Routledge

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