rakhinebartharsakarrlennhnyun

7/30/2019 RakhineBarTharSaKarrLennHnyun

1/83

& c dki fo m;Bu D; p ma y& c dki fo m;Bu D; p ma y& c dki fo m;Bu D; p ma y& c dki fo m;Bu D; p ma y& c dki fo m;Bu D; p ma y

toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef


2/83



toQifpudE

(&cdkifajr)

&cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef

rsufESmzHk;cGifh jyKcsuftrSwf - 506^94(9)

pmrlc Gi fh jy Kc suf trSwf - 189^94 (4)

apmifa& - 500

wefzdk; - 60 usyfwdwd/xkwfa0onfhtBudrf - yxrtBudrf

xkwfa0onfhv - 1994-ck? atmufwdkbmv/

- yHkES dyfol -- yHkES dyfol -- yHkES dyfol -- yHkES dyfol -- yHkES dyfol -

'k&JrSL; jrifhvGif (,m,D-409)

&JwHcGefyHkESdyfwdkuf

&efukefwdkif; (y-&) rSL;Hk;/

- xkwfa0ol -- xkwfa0ol -- xkwfa0ol -- xkwfa0ol -- xkwfa0ol -

&cdkifvSjrifhESifh nDrsm; udk,fpm;

OD;&Jjrifh (01049)

wufvrf;pmay

967? ya'om&yfuGuf? apmfbGm;BuD;ukef;? &efukefNrdKU/

- jzefYcsdol -- jzefYcsdol -- jzefYcsdol -- jzefYcsdol -- jzefYcsdol -

&cdkifom;BuD;pmay

Z -23? ydawmufvrf;? bk&ifhaemif? &efukefNrdKU/

zkef; - 67436

2222211111


3/83



(pmjyKpkol)(pmjyKpkol)(pmjyKpkol)(pmjyKpkol)(pmjyKpkol)

q&mawmf toQifpudE (&cd kifjynf)q&mawmf toQifpudE (&cd kifjynf)q&mawmf toQifpudE (&cd kifjynf)q&mawmf toQifpudE (&cd kifjynf)q&mawmf toQifpudE (&cd kifjynf)

(1993-ck? arv 17-&ufaeY dkuful;aomyHk)(1993-ck? arv 17-&ufaeY dkuful;aomyHk)(1993-ck? arv 17-&ufaeY dkuful;aomyHk)(1993-ck? arv 17-&ufaeY dkuful;aomyHk)(1993-ck? arv 17-&ufaeY dkuful;aomyHk)

4444433333

Oa,smZOfOa,smZOfOa,smZOfOa,smZOfOa,smZOf

&cdkifbmompum;pmtkyfonf &cdkifjynfe,f ,Ofaus;rIESifh

vlrIa&; vrf;TefaumfrwDrSpDpOfvsuf&Sdaom &cdkifa0g[m&tbd"mef

xGufay:vmEdkifa&;udk c&D;OD;BudKjyKvsuf atmifjrifpGm xkwfa0Edkifygap[k

qkawmif;ywem jyKygonf/

,if;&cdkifa0g[m&tbd"mef taqmufttHkBuD;wGif pmapmifi,fonf tkwfwpfcJ oJwpfrIef YcefYrQ taxmuftuljyKEd kifygap[k

qEjyKygonf/

pmjyKpkolpmjyKpkolpmjyKpkolpmjyKpkolpmjyKpkol

toQifpudEtoQifpudEtoQifpudEtoQifpudEtoQifpudE

2 - 8 - 882 - 8 - 882 - 8 - 882 - 8 - 882 - 8 - 88


4/83



bmompum;bmompum;bmompum;bmompum;bmompum;bmompum;onf vlrsdK;wdkY\ rsdK;qufEG,fvm bdk;pOfabmifquf wpfqifh

wpfqifh xm;cJhaom udk,fydkiftarGtESpfBuD;wpfckjzpfojzifh vlrsdK;wdkY\ Zmwdokyfudk aMu;rHktvm; ay:vGifapum-

- vlrsdK;yDorIudk jyonf/

- vlrsdK;t*Fg&yfudk okyfazmfonf/

- vlrsdK;pdwfqEudk ay:vGifaponf/

Zmudp&yfwGifrqdk bmompum;rsm;uom qufEG,fay;ojzifh vlrIqufqHa&;wGif t"dur@dKifwpfckyif jzpfonf/

- vl YavmuwGif vlrsdK;[kay:vmvQif bmompum;&Sd&rnf/

- bmompum;ysuf,Gif;u vlrsdK;vnf; ysuf,Gif;vmonf/

- bmompum;aysmufu vlrsdK;yg aysmufrnfudk owdxm;Muyg/

,if;aMumifh trsdK;om;a&; &yfwnfrI taqmufttHkBuD;wGif tmrcHwnf&Sd

aeaom bmompum;udk om;pOfajr;quf rwdrfaum&atmif xdef;odrf;&efvdktyfMuayonf/

xkwfa0ol\ trSmpmxkwfa0ol\ trSmpmxkwfa0ol\ trSmpmxkwfa0ol\ trSmpmxkwfa0ol\ trSmpm(3-4-94)aeY &cdkifo[m,toif;(&efukef)u BuD;MuyfNyD; a';'&JodkY

avhvm a&;aysmfyGJpm;c&D;udk oabFmjzifh xGufcJhMuygonf/ ,if;aysmfyGJpm;c&D;wGifxl;jcm;aom aysmfyGJ&TifyGJwpfckygcJhygonf/ xdktpDtpOfrSm jrefrma0g[m&? jrefrmpum;? jrefrmtaMumif;rsm;udk &cdkifa0g[m&? &cdkifpum;okdY bmomjyefapjcif;jzpfonf/ oabFmwpfpD;vHk;wGif &cdkiftrsdK;om; trsdK;orD;rsm;jzpfMuNyD; vlaygif;300ausmfcefY pD;eif;vdkufygcJhygonf/ tm;vHk;aom vlwdkYonf xdkyGJpOfwGifyg0ifMuonf/ vdkufygvmolwdkYwGif wpfcsdKUum; &efukefarG;&cdkifrsm;? wpfcsdKUum;&efukefa&muf onfrSm ESpftenf;i,fMumolrsm;? ESpfawmfawmfMumolESifh wcsdKUum;&cdkifrS &efukefodkY acwtvnfvma&mufMuolrsm;? &efukefwuodkvftoD;oD;wGifynm oifMum;aeMuaom ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; yg0ifMuygonf/

xl;jcm;onfrSm xdkyGJpOfwGif ay;rSwfaygif;wpf&mteuf ajcmufq,fcefYrQ&&SdolrSm tvGefenf;onf/ wcsdKUum; rajzEdkif/ ra&;EdkifolwdkYudk awGU& rsm;pGm0rf;enf;rdonf/ arG;&yf&cddkifajrodkY tvnfwpfacguf/ 1993-ckESpftv,fydkif;uppfawGNrdKUodkYa&mufcJhpOfu (yef;csD)udkxGef;a0tdrfodkY tvnftywfa&mufcJhonf/udkxGef;a0tdrf ]]&cdkifom;udk &cdkifom;u &cdkifpum;ajymjcif;jzifh *kPf,lyg}}[k a&;xm;aompmwef;udk awGU&aomtcg rsm;pGmwkefvIyfacsmufcsm;rdcJhonf/

6666655555


5/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef&cdkifjynfe,f\NrdKUawmf odkYa&;xm;&jcif;onf tb,faMumifhenf;/ ,if;aeYwGif udkxGef;a0udk rawGU rar;rd? ,aeYwdkifvnf; rar;rdyg/ odkYaomf taMumif;rJh a&;xm;onfum; rjzpfEdkifay/ rnfodkYyifqdkapumrl &cdkiftrsdK;om;wdkYonfrdrdwdkYbmompum;udk txifao;wwfaeNyDrSmum; aocsm\/

pmaypum;,Ofaus;rI xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;onf wpfae&mrS wpfae&m

odkY pD;qif;0ifwwf\/ okdYaomfvnf; rdrdvlrsdK;\ twdwfESifh tem*wftwGufwwf EdkiforQ umuG,fwm;qD;&rnf/ xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&rnfrSm xdkvlrsdK;wdkY\wm0efyif jzpfonf/

urmay:&Sd vlrsdK;toD;oD;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYbmompum; a0g[m&rsm;udkBuD; us,fcrf;em;atmif aqmif&GufaeMuonf/ Oyrm-tm;jzifhjy&vQif t*Fvdyf?jyifopf? *smreD? *syefpaom vlrsdK;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYpmaybmompum;? ,Ofaus;rIwdkYudk wpfurmvHk;u vufcHusifhoHk;Edkifatmif BudK;pm;aeMuonfhtcsdefwGifuRefyfwdkYtrsdK;om;rsm;um; tav;rxm;? *krrlbJ arh[efaqmifaeMuonf/

arh wwfaeNyD? rajymwwf rqkdwwfjzpfaeMuNyD/ wcsdKUum; rdrdwdkYbmompum;ajymqdk&rnfudkyif &SufaeMuonf/ toH0J0Jjzifh ryDuvmajym&onfudk *kPf,laeMuonfudk awGUjrif&onf/ ,if;odkYqdkvQif urmhEdkifiHtoD;oD; rdrdvlrsdK;\bmompum;udk a&SUwef;odkYa&mufatmif jyKjyifaeMuaom ynm&Sifrsm;tjrifwGifxdkvl rsdK;rsm;udk rnfodkYjrifaeMurnfudk awG;Munfhp&myif/

vlwpfa,muf vlwpfpk rdom;pkwpfckonf rdrdvlrsdK;pum;? ,Ofaus;rIwdkYudk arhypf? arh[efaqmifHkavmufESifh xdkvlrsdK;b0rS uif;a0;EdkifNyDavm/ toGiful;ajymif;EdkifNyDavm? rdrdwdkY\ toGifudkpGefYoGm;vdkygu a'gif;a,mifaqmifaeaomusD;iSufom jzpfrnf/ rdrdudk,frdrd a'gif;avm usD;avm qef;ppfp&mjzpfrnf/owaA'ynmt& rsdK;dk;ADZonf xdkodkYjyKjyifHkrQESifh rajymif;EdkifaMumif; twdtusqdkxm;onf/ ynmwwfrsm;u [efjyKjcif;vm;? ynmrJhrsm;u rodem;rvnfvm;/

vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;\ bmompum;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;onf pdefausmuf?eDvm? ywjrm;uJhodkY tzdk;xdkuf&wemrsm;jzpfaMumif; bmomaA'ynm&SifwdkYtqdktrdefY &Sdonf/ &wemqdkonfrSm xdkufwefaom vlrsdK;ESifhom aernfr[kwfygvm;/

bmompum; ,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm; aysmufvQif vlrsdK;yg aysmufoGm;Edkifonf/ vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;om;vHk; aysmufuG,foGm;rnf qdkjcif;rSm xdkvlrsdK;twGufaumif;jrwfaom vuPmr[kwfacs/

todwumh todpdwfwGif tjrifhjrwf trGefjrwfqHk; todwpfck &Sdonf/kyfcEmudk,fonf touf0dPfr&Sdygu tcsnf;tEDS;yif? touf0dPf&Sd

aomfvnf;? todw&m;r&Sdygu tcsnf;tESD;yif? todwumhtodwGif wdkif;jynfESifh vlrsdK;tusdK;udk vdkvm;rItodum; tjrifhjrwf? trGefjrwfqHk;tod r[kwfygvm;/

bmompum;vrf;Tefonf rdrdvlrsdK;pum;udk arh[efaqmifolrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? arhaeaomvlrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? avhvmaeaomolrsm; twGuf vnf;aumif;? acwfrDaom &cdkifha0g[m& tbd"mefpmtkyfay:xGufvm Edkifa&;twGuf vnf;aumif; taxmuftulwpfpHkwpf&m jzpfEdkifonfqdkygu uREkfyfwdkY 0rf;omrdygonf/

]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIpmay jrifhrm;Edkifygap}}]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIpmay jrifhrm;Edkifygap}}]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIpmay jrifhrm;Edkifygap}}]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIpmay jrifhrm;Edkifygap}}]]&ckdif,Ofaus;rIpmay jrifhrm;Edkifygap}}

xkwfa0olxkwfa0olxkwfa0olxkwfa0olxkwfa0ol

&cd kifvSjrif hESif hnDrsm;&cd kifvSjrif hESif hnDrsm;&cd kifvSjrif hESif hnDrsm;&cd kifvSjrif hESif hnDrsm;&cd kifvSjrif hESif hnDrsm;awmfovif;vqkwf 10^1356awmfovif;vqkwf 10^1356awmfovif;vqkwf 10^1356awmfovif;vqkwf 10^1356awmfovif;vqkwf 10^1356

1994-ck? pufwifbm(30)&uf? (15;00)em&D1994-ck? pufwifbm(30)&uf? (15;00)em&D1994-ck? pufwifbm(30)&uf? (15;00)em&D1994-ck? pufwifbm(30)&uf? (15;00)em&D1994-ck? pufwifbm(30)&uf? (15;00)em&D(aomMumaeY)(aomMumaeY)(aomMumaeY)(aomMumaeY)(aomMumaeY)

8888877777


6/83



yefMum;vTmyefMum;vTmyefMum;vTmyefMum;vTmyefMum;vTmuRefawmfwdkY &cdkifom;BuD;pmayrS &cdkifdk;&m trsdK;om;,Ofaus;rIpmay

ordkif;ESifh oufqdkifaom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk xkwfa0vsuf&Sd&m wpftkyfxufwpftkyf ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif tNrJwrf;BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvsuf &Sdygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; taumif;qHk; jzpfrvmEdkifao;yg/

xdkYaMumifh &cdkiftrsdK;om;pmayudk avhvmvdkufpm;ol pmay0goem

&Sifrsm; xHrS a0zeftMuHjyK enf;ay;vrf;jyrIrsm; ay;ydkYMuyg&ef arwm&yfcHvsuf&Sdyg onf/taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh a0zeftMuHjyKvTmrsm; a&;om;&ef rtm;vyfyg

uvnf; (&cdkiftrsdK;om;pmayudk avhvmvdkufpm;ol pmay0goem&Sifrsm;ESifhqufoG,fndEIdif;aqmif&Gufvdkygojzifh) &cdkiftrsdK;om;pmayudk pdwfyg0ifpm;oljzpfygu yl;wGJyg tMuHjyKvTmyHkpHtm; rdrdfvdyfpmtjynfhtpHkjzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYMuyg&ef arwm&yfcHtyfygonf/

&cd kifom;BuD;pmay&cd kifom;BuD;pmay&cd kifom;BuD;pmay&cd kifom;BuD;pmay&cd kifom;BuD;pmay

1 01 01 01 01 099999

(1) pum;qdkpGm ZmvJ(1) pum;qdkpGm ZmvJ(1) pum;qdkpGm ZmvJ(1) pum;qdkpGm ZmvJ(1) pum;qdkpGm ZmvJpum;[laoma0g[m&udk wdwdusus t"dym,fzGifhqdk&ef cJ,Of;ayonf/

bmompum;onf ,kwdaA' (Logie) oabmESifh qufEG,faeonf/ ,kwdaA'

wGif qifjcifawG;awmjcif;udk toHk;jyKaomtcg bmompum;udk toHk;jyKMuonf/

(Oyrm) pdwfxJwGif igZmjzpfonf/ ZmjyKvkyfrnf[k qifjcifjcif;onfpum; udk pdwfjzifhawG;awmjcif;yif jzpfonf/

,if;aMumifh qifjcifjcif;udkjyKaomtcg pum;jzifh toHk;jyK&onfh twGufqifjcifjcif;jyKvkyf&ef bmompum;vdktyfvmonf/ bmompum;r&SdvQif qifjcifawG;awmjcif;udk rjyKvkyfEdkifay/

vlwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;udk bmompum;uom qufEG,fay;ojzifh vlrI

qufqHa&;wGif t"dur@dKifwpfckyifjzpfonf/ ,if;aMumifh bmompum;ta&;BuD;yHk udk tm;vHk;aomokawoDynm&Sifrsm;u todtrSwfjyKMu&NyD;Ia'gifhtrsdK;rsdK;rSae bmompum;\ t"dym,foabmudk aumuf,l&SdcJhMuavonf/

,kwdaA'oabmt& bmompum;qdkonfrSm oauFwrsm;udk pepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;jcif;yif jzpfonf[k wdkwdkESifht"dy,foabmudk aumuf,l&SdcJhMuavonf/


7/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef,if;aMumifh pum;ESif hywfouf pum;[lonf ZmaMumif;Zmodk Y

ay:aygufvmonfudk jyefvnfoHk;oyfMunfh&ef vdktyfvmayonf/urmpOD; vlwdkYonf pum;rajymwwfMuao;rD tcsif;csif;rdrddwdkY awGUMuHK

cHpm;&csufrsm;? tawGUtMuHrsm;? jyKrlcsufrsm;udk wjcm;olwdkY od&Sdap&ef? vuf[efajc[efwdkYESifhom jyEdkifcJhMuayvdrfhrnf/

,if;rSwqifh umvpOftwdkif; todtjrifrsm; wdk;wufvmMucg cHpm;rIwnf;[laom ylonf? at;onf? vIyf&Sm;rIwnf;[laom oGm;vmpm;tdyfponfwdkYudk trnfonmrsm;rSnfhcg pum;udkxGifvmcJhMuavonf/ ,if;NyD; aemufwpfqifh ouf&SdoufrJht&mrsm;jzpfaom awm? awmif ? a&ajr? jrpf? acsmif;? tif;tdkif? vl? acG;? aMumif? uRJ? EGm;? qif? jrif;ponfrsm;udk wpfpwpfp trnfonmrsm;vm;cg rSnfhac:wwfvmMujyefonf/ aemufwpfqifh ,ifpum; oauFwrsm;pepfwus0gustjzpfodkYwdkif qufpyfzGJYpnf;ajymqdkvmwwfMuonfudkyif pum;[kac:qdkjcif; jzpfonf/

urmay:wGif EdkifiHtoD;oD;? vlrsdK;t&yf&yf wpfpwpfp rsm;jym;vmonfESifhtrQ pum;rsm;vnf; vlrsdK;bmomtvdkuf wDxGifajymqdkvmcJhMujyefojzifhbmompum;[l ay:aygufcJhavonf/ vlrsdK;tcsif;csif a&mESmcJhMujcif;jzifhbmompum;rsm; ac:wGifvmcJhavonf/ Oyrm- &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkY ajymqdkaompum;udk &cdkifbmompum;[k ac:onf/

,if;aemuf wzef vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;wnf;rSmyif a&ajra'otvdkuf eD;pyf&moHa,mifvdkufcg yifrpum;rS tenf;ESifhtrsm; uGJvmMuaom a'oE&pum;[l ay:aygufvmjyefygonf/

&cdkifwGif e,fajra'otvdkuf ajymqdkMuaom t0om; (ppfawG)?ausmufjzL? &rf;NAJ? rmefatmif? oHwGJ? acsmif;om;? taemufjynfom;rsm;ESifhykodrf armfwifwpf0dkufwGif tajcjyKaeMuaom ta&SU&cdkif[l a'oE&pum;trsm;tjym;yif &Sdygonf/ t"dutm;jzifh ajrmufydkif;pum;ESifh awmifpOf (&rf;NAJ)pum;[l ESpfrsdK;uGJjym;onf[k qdkMuonf/

pum;taMumif;wGif rl&if;tajccHvmonfh bmomESifh ywfoufodoifhodxdkufonfh tcsuftvufwcsd KUudk tusOf;oabmOD;pGm wifjyvdkufygonf/

1 21 21 21 21 21 11 11 11 11 1

(2) pOD; &cdkifpum;(2) pOD; &cdkifpum;(2) pOD; &cdkifpum;(2) pOD; &cdkifpum;(2) pOD; &cdkifpum;&cdkifpum;rSm &cddkifa'owGifaeMuaom &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkY\ ajymaompum;

jzpfonf/ &cdkifpOD;vlwdk Yonf Zmpum;udk pwifajymqdkcJ hMuonfudkum;taxmuftxm;jynfhpHkpGmESifh wdwdususwifjy&ef cufcJygao;onf/

wcsdKU ordkif;okawoDwdkYu &cdkifpOD;vlwdkY &cdkifa'oodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhMuonfh &cdkifrsdK;quf ordkif;aMumif;&yfrsm;udk rSDjirf;jyKvsuf pOD;&cdkifwdkY ajymMum;cJhrnfh bmompum;udk rcefYrSef;cJhMuaomfvnf; wdusNyD[lum; rqdkEdkifMuao;yg/

&cdkifjynftwGif; awGU&Sd&aom c&pfat'D av;&mpkrS q,f&mpkausmfwdkYwGif a&;xdk;cJhMuonf[k cefYrSef;cJhMuaom ausmufurnf;pm? aMu;eDpm? acgif;avmif;pmponfrsm;rSm tdEd,ajrmufydkif;wGif a&S;OD;qHk; pmaytu&m ta&;tom;[k owfrSwf&Sdaom a'0em*&Dac: jA[Dtu&mrSwpfqifh qif;oufvmaom tdEd,EdkifiHajrmufydkif;oHk; tu&mrsm;ESifhwlNyD; bmom&yfrsm;taejzifh

vnf; ,if;EdkifiHwdkYwGif ajymqdkoHk;pGJ&SdcJhMuaom ou#bmom? ygVdbmom? ygVdou# a&m,Suf&Sdonfrsm;udk awGU&ygonf/

txl;ojzifh ou#bmomrSm tdEd,EdkifiHwGif tapmydkif;uyif 0ifa&muf&Sdaom OD;pvlrsdK;qdkaom t&D,efvlrsdK;wdkY\ &if;jrpfbmom[k qdkavonf/ wpfcsdefu ,if;bmomrSm tdEd,EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;eD;yg; oHk;pGJcJhaom bmompum;wpfckyifjzpfonf/


8/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefc&pfawmfray:rD (bD'D- 600)cefYwGif a0omvDwdkif;jynf? vdp0DtrsdK;

jzpfaom yk*dKvfwpfOD;onf r[m0D&[laom trnfudkcH Zde(*sdef;)bmomudkwnfaxmifcJhonf/ ,if;0g'ESifh,SOf jymudkufbmompum; xGef;um;cJhavonf/

,if;r[m0D&\ Zde(*sdef;)0g'ESifh acwfNydKif rZdra'o qwfusm;vlrsdK;

rif;rsdK;EG,frS a*gwrjrwfpGmbk&m;? yGifhawmfrlvmNyD;vQif Ak'omoemudk xlaxmifcJhavonf/

,if;ZdeESifh Ak'0g'wdkYrSm t&d,efvlrsdK;wdkY\ pOfquft,l0g'rsm;jzpfaom jA[P0g'Drsm;udk awmfvSefxGufay:vmaom bmomt,l0g'rsm;yifjzpfonf/

Ak'onf a'oemw&m;awmfwdkYudk rm*"wdkif;om;rsm; ajymqdkMuaom(rm*rD)ac: ygVdbmompum;jzifh a[majymcJhjcif;jzifh ygVdbmom xGef;um;cJhjyefonf/

&cddkifrsdK;qufESifh ywfouf avhvmokawoejyKcsufrsm;t& &cdkifESifhrm*" jynfom;rsm; EG,fquf&SdcJhjcif;? tdEd,EdkifiHwGif ysHUESHU&Sdaom t&D,efvlrsdK;wdkYonf &cdkifjynfwGif;odkY rm*"wdkif;rSwpfqifh 0ifvmonfqdkaom taxmuftxm; aMumif;&yfrsm;ESifh a&S;acwfwpfcsdefu &cdkifwGif ygVdbmomonf trsm;oHk; *E0ifpmayjzpfcJhonfqdkaom aMumif;&yfrsm;ESifh qufpyf cefYrSef;cJhMujcif;yif jzpfygonf/

&cdkifwGif awGU&Sdaom a&S;ausmufurnf;pmrsm;rSm ou#bmomESifhrsm;NyD; ygVdbmomESifh tenf;tusOf; awGU&Sd&ygonf/ jymudkufbmomESifhum;rawGU &Sdao;yg/

1 41 41 41 41 41 31 31 31 31 3

( 3) ,aeYajymqdkaeMuaom( 3) ,aeYajymqdkaeMuaom( 3) ,aeYajymqdkaeMuaom( 3) ,aeYajymqdkaeMuaom( 3) ,aeYajymqdkaeMuaom&cdkifpum;rsm;&cdkifpum;rsm;&cdkifpum;rsm;&cdkifpum;rsm;&cdkifpum;rsm;

&cdkifpum;oHudk kwfw&uftm;jzifh Mum;zl;em;0r&Sdaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; wdkYem;wGif bdwf? xm;0,f? "Ek? tif;om;rsm;\ pum;oHvdkvdk Mum;Mu&onf[k qdkygonf/ trSefrSm-wpfrsdK;wjcm;pDom jzpfygonf/ wl&dyf&SdovdkvdkMum;Mujcif;rSm ,if;pum;oHwdkYrSm &cdkifpum;uJhodkY tmoHvQm&if;udk tajcjyKajymMu&onfhtwGufyif jzpfonf/ &cdkifwdkYtaejzifh jrefrmpum;udkom em;vnfEdkifNyD; ,if;wdkY\ pum;rsm;udkum; em;vnf&ef cufcJovdk? ,if;wdkYtaejzifhvnf;jrefrmpum;udkom em;vnfvG,fNyD; &cdkifpum;udkrl pdk;pdrSem;vnfrIr&Sd[kqdkygonf/

acwf&cddkifvlrsdK;wdkYtaejzifh i,fpOfuyif jrefrmpmayrsm;udk oifMum;&SdcJhMujyefojzifh jrefrmjynfodkY wpfcgrS roGm;zl;onfhwdkdif? jrefrmpum;udk tenf;ESifh

trsm; em;vnfMuygonf/ pum;ajym&mwGifvnf; yDyDoo rajymwwfMuaomfvnf; cyf0J0JajymqdkEdkifMuygonf/ jynfrwGif aexdkifaom &cdkifom;rsm;rSmrl jrefrmvlrsdK;wdkYESifhrjcm; ajymqdkEdkifMuygonf/ &cdkifjynfwGif aexdkifvsuf&SdMuaom jrefrmvlrsdK;wdkYtaejzifhum; &cdkifpum;udk ajymwwfrnf rqdkxm;bd awmfHkwefHkESifh em;rvnfEdkifMuay/


9/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef&if;jrpfbmompum;rS cGJxGufvmaom a'oE&pum;rsm;rSm wcsdKUvlrsdK;

wdkYwGif wpfa'oESifhwpfa'o vHk;0rwl[k qdkygonf/ wkwfjynfwGif wkwfvlrsdK;csif;jzpfaomfvnf; wcsdKUa'owdkYwGif vHk;0rwlbJ wjcm;bmom&yfwpfckuJhodkYuGJjym;onf[k qdkygonf/

uRefawmfwdkY wdkif;&if;om; csif;trsdK;om;wdkYwGif oHwGJ? ajryHkESifh wpfjcm;

a'o&Sd csif;trsdK;om;wdk Yajympum;ESifh yvuf0e,f&Sd csif;trsdK;om;rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? yvuf0e,f&Sd csif;trsdK;om;rsm;ESifh zvef? [mum;? uefyufvufbufrS csif;trsdK;om;wdkYonf vnf;aumif;? Mum;pum;tjzpf &cdkif? jrefrmpum;wdkYESifh ajymqdkMuonfudk awGU&ygonf/ &cdkifbmompum;onf jrefrmpum;ESifht&if;tjrpfwlonf[k qdkMuonf/ &cdkifvlrsdK;wdkYwGifvnf; a'oE&pum;rsm;jzpfMuaom ukvm;wefjrpf0 ppfawGbuf(t0om;)? jrpfnmbuf acsmif;om;?,cif tdEd,? ta&SUygupwef? ,ckb*Fvm;a'&SfUwGif aexdkif&SdMuaom taemuf&cdkifrsm;? ausmufjzL? &rf;NAJ? rmefatmif? oHwGJ? trf;? 'vufbufESifh ykodrff

armfwifwpf0dkufrS &cdkifom;rsm; tp&Sdaom a&ajra'otvdkuf a'oE&pum;rsm; &Sdaomfvnf; pum;ajym&mwGif oHwGJ? trf;? 'vuf? *G? awmifukwfNrdKUe,frS vlrsm;rSm eD;pyfrItajctaet& jrefrmpum;oHodkY tenf;tusOf; wdrf;yg;cgcyf0J0JajymMuonfrSty? wpfa'orS wpfpum; wpfa'o vG,fulpGm em;vnfMuygonf/

tdEd,EdkifiHodkY aMumif;&yftrsdK;rsdK;aMumifh ajymif;a&TUaexdkif&SdcJhMuaomtaemuf&cdkifrsm;taejzifh xHk;pH? bmompum; ponfwdkYudk ,ckwdkif pOfvmrysuf?xdef;odrf;&SdaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ ,if;tddEd,EdkifiH &cddkifEG,f0if zvHawmif?zvHvlrsdK;wdkY ajympum;rSm taemufjynfom;pum;oHwGif b*FgvDvlrsd K;wdkY\toH? vQmoH avoHaESmajymMuojzifh &cdkiftaemufjynfom;wdkYaomfrS awmfawmfESifh em;rvnfEkdifMuyg/ zvHvlrsdK;wdkY ajympum;rsm;rSm omrefvlwdkY em;wGifHkU&if;onf[k xifrSwfMuygonf/

,aeYacwf &cdkifvli,fwdkY ajymqdkaeMuaom &cdkifpum;rSm a&S;acwf&cdkifpum;udk rqdkxm;bd? vGefcJhaom ESpfav;ig;q,fcefYu ajym&SdcJhMuonfrsm;ESifhwpfpwpfp uGJvmygonf/ omrefa0g[m&tac:ta0:rsm;taejzifh 70%

1 61 61 61 61 61 51 51 51 51 5

&mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; yaysmufoGm;&SdygNyD/ av,lavodrf; tac:ta0:rSp wpfpwpfp uG,faysmufaMumif; awGU&ygonf/ oH&oHjynfhatmif rajymqdkEdkifojzifhppfudkpdkuf? tdyfudktdkuf? apmifhudkpkefY? &Gmudk a&mf? vufudk vmh? ausmfudk uRm?aysmfudk ysdK ponfjzifh ajymqdkoHrsm;vnf; &SdcJhMuonf/

rdrdwdkY&cdkifpum;udk yDopGm okyfay:vGif&Sdapvdkaom apwemjzifh

omjcif; q&mBuD; wefcdk;q&mxGef;onf O'dEomjcif;wGif OaZeDjynf &SifyaZmwrif;BuD;\ orD;awmf 0gokvuw rif;orD;tm; qif*gxmudkoifonfh tcef;wGif? rif;orD;onf qif*gxmudk tvDvDtzefzef ydkYcsaomfvnf; ryDro&Sdaeojzifh O'dErif;om;onf a'gojzpfvmcg ajymqdkonfhpum;udk pDuHk;pyfqdkxm;onfrSm -

]]xkdonftcg? &Sifrif;ausmfrSm? uvumbufu? qif*gxmudk? oifumcsau? EIwfuryD? udkPf;Xmefav? toHvTwfaomf? GwfrnDvdkY? jAm&DuRwfr?*krqdkau? pzdkaygufonf/ tdkarsmufrav? vQmuxlau? pum;ryD? Awm;&DESifh?

wlnDjim;vdkY? oifMum;rwwf? ausmufESifhomav wdkufumyGwfrS? xl;jrwfBuD;us,f?qif*gxmudk ? oifumcsau? &awmharav}}/,if;pum;aMumifh 0gokvbwrif;orD;vnf; axmif;ceJ a'goxGuf

vmcg jyefvnfajympum;rsm;udk pDuHk;pyfqdkxm;jyefonfrSm-]]&awmharav? qdkavaomcg? 0gokvSau? vSbwmu? [u&m[u&D

i'kDau? onfiESH? ighudk,Hkav? kyfyHkrjy? igydkifjyifudk? rjrif&au*krmom rSwf? ighkyfoGifudk? jrifjyefvwfau? zzwfwdarmaxG? tvdkvdkav?NydKifr&atmif? 0gokbw?? tvSausmfau? igr[kwfavmh}} [l &cdkifwdkYwGifvwfwavma'go xGufvmvQif ajymavhajymx &Sdaom pum;rsm;jzifhokyfazmfa&;pDcJhygonf/

&cdkifwGif wpfcsdefu uG,faysmufvkeD;? uG,faysmufoGm;NyD[kyif qdk&avmufrnfh tajctaewdkif usa&muf&Sdaeaom a&S;,Ofaus;rIa&;&mrsm;? tEkynm&yfrsm;? pmyDtu&mrsm;udk okawoDwcsdKUonf pkaqmif;okawoejyKcgazmfxkwf&Sd aeMuygonf/


10/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef,if;odkY wpfzufu xdef;odrf;azmfxkwfaeMucsdefwGif raysmufrysuf&Sdae

ao;aom bmompum;udkaomfrS av,lavodrf; tac:ta0:rSp ajymif;vJajymqdkaeMuonfudk awGU&ygonf/

vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;\ ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfaom bmompum; uG,faysmufoGm;ygu vlrsdK;yg uG,faysmufEdkifaMumif; owdjyKapvdkygonf/

taemufb*Fvm;a'&SfUEdkifiHwGif ukvm;vlrsdK;rsm;taMumif; aexdkif&SdMuao;onfh &cdkifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ykodrfarmfwif wpf0dkufjrefrmrsm;Mum;aexdkif&SdMuao;aom &cdkifrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? ,aeYwdkif dk;&m,Ofaus;rIbmompum;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufajym&SdaeMuonfrsm;udk twk,lNyD;acwfvli,fwdkY taejzifh rdrdwdkYa'odk;&mtvdkuf udk,fhrsdK;dk;pOfvm tavhtvmajymqdk&SdMuaom pum;rsm;udk raysmufrysuf&atmif xdef;odrf;&ef vdktyfMuygonf/

(4) &cdkifpum; toHaetoHxm;rsm;(4) &cdkifpum; toHaetoHxm;rsm;(4) &cdkifpum; toHaetoHxm;rsm;(4) &cdkifpum; toHaetoHxm;rsm;(4) &cdkifpum; toHaetoHxm;rsm;&cdkifpum; ajymqdkyHk toHaetoHxm;udk jrefrmpum; ajymqdkyHktoHae

toHxm;ESifh ,SOfwGJ wifjyvdkufygonf/ pum;tvdkuf rdrdwdkY udk,fydkifPfESifhawG;q,lEdkifMuygonf/ avhvmygu em;vnfEdkifygonf/ txl;cufcJaom pum;r[kwfyg/

azmfjyygrsm;rSm ukvm;wefjrpf t0om;pum;oHrsm;t& wifjyjcif; jzpfygonf/ wjcm;&cdkifa'oE& pum;rsdK;pHkESifh azmfjyaeygu &Snfvsm;NyD; IyfaxG;oGm;

Edkifygonf/&cddkifjrefrm um&efudkufuGJaom pum;oHwdkYrSm-

jrefrm - tk? tm um&efud k &c dkif - t- um&ef/ - at um&efudk &cdkif - tD- um&ef

1 81 81 81 81 81 71 71 71 71 7

/ - tnf um&efudk &cdkif - tdkif-um&ef/ - tpf um&efudk &cdkif - tdkuf- um&ef/ - ,yifhoHudk &cdkif - &&pfoHjzifh

ajymqdkMuygonf/

tm? tk um&ef Oyrmrsm;jrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoH &cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foHvlysdK? vlysif;? vll; vysdK? vysif;? vl;olcdk; ocdk;EGm;xD;? EGm;r exD? eryg;pyf yZmhem;&Guf e&Guf'g;r? 'g;jy 'r? 'jr ('r&)

a&;tdk;cGuf &0cGufpum;rsm; ,SOfwGJoHkonfhtcgwGifvnf; a&S;pum;oHudk ]]t}} um&efoHjzifhajymygonf/

jrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoHjrefrmoH &cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foH&cd ki foHaumif;aumif;rGefrGef uaumif;rrGefusef;usef;rmrm ususef;rrmus,fus,fjyefY jyefY usus,fjyjyefYaomif;aomif;jzjz oaomif;zjz

at;at;csrf;csrf; ttD;cscsrf;omom,m,m oom,,mwdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf wwdk;wwdwfvSvSyy vvSyyghl;l;rdkufrdkuf &l;rrdkufaoGUaoGUajcmufajcmuf ooGdUcajcmuf


11/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefjzLjzLazG;azG; zjzLzazG;qlqlnHnH qqlnnHeDeD&J&J eeD&&JusdK;usdK;EGHEGH ususdK;EGEGHoefYoefY&Sif;&Sif; ooefY&S&Sif;

qif;qif;&J&J qqif;&&Jcsrf;csrf;omom cscsrf;oom


12/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefawmifpOf pum;oHk;a0g[m&tcsdKUrSmvnf; ajrmufydkif;oHk; a0g[m&rsm;

pGm a&S;uszG,f&Sdonf[k ,lqMuonf/

ajrmufyd kif;pum;ajrmufyd kif;pum;ajrmufyd kif;pum;ajrmufyd kif;pum;ajrmufyd kif;pum; awmifpOfpum;awmifpOfpum;awmifpOfpum;awmifpOfpum;awmifpOfpum;trd (tar) tD;a,mif? tD;a,

tbm (taz) bm;bm;tcifBuD; (trd\ armif) ref;BuD;ta,G (trd\nDr) a,;a,tbkaoQ (uav;) tpdwfau'a,m (vHkcsnf) cawmif;? ca,muf

toHxGufrsm;taejzifh vnf;aumif;? av,lavodrf; tajymtqdkrsm;rSm? wpfausmif;wpf*gxm? wpf&Gmwpfykpfqef;qdkbdodk Y &cdkifa'oE&pum;rsm;rSmvnf; av,lavodrf;aomfvnf;aumif;? a0g[m&tac:

ta0:toHk;tEIef; aomfvnf;aumif;? tenf;tusOf; uGJjym;jcm;em; &Sdygonf/oHwGJ? awmifukwf? &cdkifwdkYajym a0g[m&pum;rsm;rSm jrefrm a0g[m&rsm;ESifhtwlrsm;ygonf/

&cdkifpum;wGif Bud,maemufqufpum;? emrf aemufqufpum;ponfpum; aemufqufuav;rsm;onf &cdkifpum;\ xl;jcm;csufwpf&yf jzpfonf/au? auh&cdkiftoHk;tEIef;onf jrefrmtcsdefjy aemufqufwGJrsm; jzpfaom vQif?NyD;vQif? aomfwdkYESifh t"dym,fwlonf/

pm;NyD;au - pm;NyD;vQifpm;NyD;au - pm;NyD;vQifpm;NyD;au - pm;NyD;vQifpm;NyD;au - pm;NyD;vQifpm;NyD;au - pm;NyD;vQif

wpfzufu? auh qdkonfrSm jrefrm TefMum;? [efYwm;? wm;jrpfjcif;t"dym,faqmifaom ]ESifh} oabmoufa&mufayonf/rvm;ygauh - roGm;ygESif hrvm;ygauh - roGm;ygESif hrvm;ygauh - roGm;ygESif hrvm;ygauh - roGm;ygESif hrvm;ygauh - roGm;ygESif h&cdkif c-qdkaompum;rSm aemufqufpum;tjzpfESifhvnf;aumif;?

umvpOftvdkuf ajymqdk&mwGifvnf; toHk;jyKavh&Sdonf/

2 22 22 22 22 22 12 12 12 12 1

]]c}} rSm jrefrm ]]cJ h}} ESif h wlygonf/]]c}} rSm jrefrm ]]cJ h}} ESif h wlygonf/]]c}} rSm jrefrm ]]cJ h}} ESif h wlygonf/]]c}} rSm jrefrm ]]cJ h}} ESif h wlygonf/]]c}} rSm jrefrm ]]cJ h}} ESif h wlygonf/twdwfumvjy c,m? cAsm,ftwdwfumvjy c,m? cAsm,ftwdwfumvjy c,m? cAsm,ftwdwfumvjy c,m? cAsm,ftwdwfumvjy c,m? cAsm,f ----- cJ h NyD;cJ h NyD;cJ h NyD;cJ h NyD;cJ h NyD;xmcygar?xm;ygcarxmcygar?xm;ygcarxmcygar?xm;ygcarxmcygar?xm;ygcarxmcygar?xm;ygcar ----- xm;cJ hygrnf/xm;cJ hygrnf/xm;cJ hygrnf/xm;cJ hygrnf/xm;cJ hygrnf/tdrfud k,lctdrfud k,lctdrfud k,lctdrfud k,lctdrfud k,lc ----- tdrfod k Y,lc J h/tdr fod k Y,lc J h/tdr fod k Y,lc J h/tdr fod k Y,lc J h/tdr fod k Y,lc J h/ig haemufuvdkufvwfighaemufuvdkufvwfighaemufuvdkufvwfighaemufuvdkufvwfighaemufuvdkufvwf ----- ig haemufuvd kufc J h/ig haemufuvd kufc J h/ig haemufuvd kufc J h/ig haemufuvd kufc J h/ig haemufuvd kufc J h/

&cd kifpum; ]cD}onf jrefrmBud,maxmuf ]acs} oabm&S donf/jrefrmpum;wGif oabmav;eufapvdkojzifh ]Mu} udkoHk;bdodkY &cddkifwGif cD-udkoHk;jyKonf/

vm;vkyfcD - oGm;vkyfacs/vm;vkyfcD - oGm;vkyfacs/vm;vkyfcD - oGm;vkyfacs/vm;vkyfcD - oGm;vkyfacs/vm;vkyfcD - oGm;vkyfacs/&cdkifpum;wGif ]aZmif} aemufqufwGJudk ]&ef} oabm oufa&mufonf/&DcyfaZmifvm;uwfzdk Y - a&cyf&efoGm;Mur,f/&DcyfaZmifvm;uwfzdk Y - a&cyf&efoGm;Mur,f/&DcyfaZmifvm;uwfzdk Y - a&cyf&efoGm;Mur,f/&DcyfaZmifvm;uwfzdk Y - a&cyf&efoGm;Mur,f/&DcyfaZmifvm;uwfzdk Y - a&cyf&efoGm;Mur,f/]xdkuJhodkY} [laom jrefrmTefjypum;udk &cdkifwGif ,aZmif? ,a,Smif?

,ydkif? ,if;ydkif[loHk;onf/

&cdkifpum; wd? 'def? onf? jrefrmaemufqufjzpfaom ]rsm;} trsm;wdkYESifht"dym,fwlonf/ow0gwd? ow0g'def - ow0gtrsm;wdk Yow0gwd? ow0g'def - ow0gtrsm;wdk Yow0gwd? ow0g'def - ow0gtrsm;wdk Yow0gwd? ow0g'def - ow0gtrsm;wdk Yow0gwd? ow0g'def - ow0gtrsm;wdk Yta&twGuf twdtusudk razmfaom pum;rsm;wGif jrefrm ]wdkY} ]rsm;}

qdkonfudk &cdkifwGif ]dkU? wd? 'def} [l oHk;onf/oldkU - olwdk Y? vlwd? vl'def - vlrsm;oldkU - olwdk Y? vlwd? vl'def - vlrsm;oldkU - olwdk Y? vlwd? vl'def - vlrsm;oldkU - olwdk Y? vlwd? vl'def - vlrsm;oldkU - olwdk Y? vlwd? vl'def - vlrsm;,m? Asm,fpum;onf jrefrm ]NyD} ESif h t"dym,fcsif; wlonf/,m? Asm,fpum;onf jrefrm ]NyD} ESif h t"dym,fcsif; wlonf/,m? Asm,fpum;onf jrefrm ]NyD} ESif h t"dym,fcsif; wlonf/,m? Asm,fpum;onf jrefrm ]NyD} ESif h t"dym,fcsif; wlonf/,m? Asm,fpum;onf jrefrm ]NyD} ESif h t"dym,fcsif; wlonf/pm;NyD;,m? pm;NyD;Asm,f - pm;NyD;NyD[l jzpfonf/pm;NyD;,m? pm;NyD;Asm,f - pm;NyD;NyD[l jzpfonf/pm;NyD;,m? pm;NyD;Asm,f - pm;NyD;NyD[l jzpfonf/pm;NyD;,m? pm;NyD;Asm,f - pm;NyD;NyD[l jzpfonf/pm;NyD;,m? pm;NyD;Asm,f - pm;NyD;NyD[l jzpfonf/

aemufqufwGJ pum;pyf? pum;quf? pum;owfrsm;tamumif; aemufoufqdkif&mtcef;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;&Sdygonf/


13/83



(5) &cdkifa0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;(5) &cdkifa0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;(5) &cdkifa0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;(5) &cdkifa0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;(5) &cdkifa0g[m& tac:ta0:rsm;,ckazmfjyyg a0g[m&rsm;onf &cdkifa0g[m& pum;rsm;teuf? rjzpfp

avmufrQom jzpfygonf/ &cdkifpum;wGif atmufyguJhodkYaom udk,fydkifpum;toHk;tEIef;rsm; &SdMuonf/

&cd ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f jre frmjre frmjre frmjre frmjre frm &cd ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f jre frmjre frmjre frmjre frmjre frmab;p eHapmif; ukyfquf vnfukyftbm taz trif tarwef;ysif; a&oHk;cef; y'umoD; oabFmoD;&Sufyif xduHk;yif dk;vSoEm qdwfzvl;yifiuHkom; ubDvl; tif;*sDwvHk; tuswpfxnfxD;waqmif xD;wpfvuf tdrfwpfvHk; tdrfwpfaqmifykqdk; apmif 'a,m vHkcsnf

tuszGyf tusavQmf cawmif; vHkcsnfyef;qGwf yef;cl; ca,muf vHkcsnfykef;ekef; uref;uwef; qefzGyf qefaxmif;oufoD oufao vQma&us oGm;a&ustara&mfum oabmavmuf y,me,m okwfoD;okwfjymtxufay:&D tay:,H &od &aoh

(tay:,H)xdkYjyif bmomjyef arG;pm;pum;rsm;vnf; &SdcJhMuonf/

Oyrm- c&m0 (toHcsJUpuf)? "mwfawmifh (vufESdyf"mwfrD;)? "gwfrD;udkuf(vQyfppfrD;yl) ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ awmufvD,m? 'ufwif? azmifawmfpaomtoHvS,farG;pm;pum;rsm;vnf; &Sdavonf/

1974-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvu &cdkifjynfe,fodkY a&muf&SdvmcJhMuaom rppfr'rfab;vfEdk; (jrefrmpmygarmu? ta&SUzsm;EdkifiHqdkif&m yg&Dwuodkvf)ESifhrpwmbDvf;Edkwdkif;ESifh (*syefpm ygarmu? ta&SUzsm;qdkif&m bmomXme? yg&Dwuodkvf) ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;wdkY vma&mufcJh&mwGif &cdkifa&S;a[mif;ordkif;

2 42 42 42 42 42 32 32 32 32 3

,Ofaus;rI "avhxHk;pHrsm;ESifh &cdkifa0g[m&rsm;udk avhvmcJhMu&m tenf;i,frQ&&SdcJhMuojzifh &cddkifa0g[m&tbd"mefwpfckudk tjrefjyKpkoifhMuygonf/

,ckpmjyKol pkaqmif;wifjyaom a0g[m&rsm;rSm ukvm;wefjrpf0a'oppfawGbuf ajympum; a0g[m&rsm;yif jzpfygonf/ &cdkifa'oE&pum;a0g[m&tac:rsm;udk rSefuefaphpHkEdkifrnf r[kwfyg? trSm;t,Gif;rsm;vnf;

&SdEdkifNyD;? tvGef&Snfvsm;rnf jzpfygojzifh a'oE&pum;wpfrsdK;wnf;ESifh wifjyvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/wjcm;a'oE&pum;rsm;udk tav;rjyK? ta&;rpdkufr[kwfaMumif;

BudKwif odMum;tyfygonf/

vlyk*dKvfESifhpyfqdkaom a0g[m&rsm;vlyk*dKvfESifhpyfqdkaom a0g[m&rsm;vlyk*dKvfESifhpyfqdkaom a0g[m&rsm;vlyk*dKvfESifhpyfqdkaom a0g[m&rsm;vlyk*dKvfESifhpyfqdkaom a0g[m&rsm;jre frmjre frmjre frmjre frmjre frm &cd ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f jre frmjre frmjre frmjre frmjre frm &cd ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f&c d ki f

jrefrmvlrs d K; jyL? atmufom; wl&d,m 'l&D,mrsufESmjzL zavmif;?z&if*sD cspfwD; pwd? eAufus,fvlrsdK; [dEL [def;'kwfay:wl*D *sdwfau [dELZmwfnHh 'kef;t*Fvdyf *l&m bHkabom; emacg'goabFmom; yefcsmbD yif*smbDukvm; cvmcsdwf umumukvm; pl&D,moabmFom; bl0 gvlrsd K; r&rmBuD ;

ac:awm A*FgvD uyvD uvrJukvm; *smrPD ZmrPDppfwaumif;om; pm&uefnm t*Fvdyfujym; MuufcsD;r'&mZD rif{&mZf aZwmbm&D uvysufujym; vlbef'wf


14/83



tvkyftudkifESifh pyfqdkifaomtvkyftudkifESifh pyfqdkifaomtvkyftudkifESifh pyfqdkifaomtvkyftudkifESifh pyfqdkifaomtvkyftudkifESifh pyfqdkifaoma0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f

wHigo,f = Adkufaoig;a&mif;ol = iazmufaoqHyifnyfol = qwf'g? vufomv,fvkyftiSm;cH = acgif;wvmajrrsm;ydkif&Sif = oQdwf&Sif? aomfwvD

= jyKpkaumif ;vlcsrf;om = v&wwftESdyfonf = tESdyfwwf? tzspfwwfewfuawmf = ewfaumif;raA'ifq&m = 0S&wwfwdkvDrdkvDa&mif;ol = 0efEkuaoQaopufcsKyform; = rJqdk;pm;? '&mZDc0gonf? avQmfzGwfol = vufyefAGwfvufonfr = rDG;onfrtdrfap(usm;) = tiSm;om;tdrfap(r) = tiSm;ormhyGJpm;BuD; = 'bmcsdwf

yGJpm;i,f = 'vmum;armif;orm; = 'dkifbmydkufqHaumufol = qay,maomif;usef;ol? olykef = ajymufusm;&uef;o,f = &ufaor? ,dkifao&Gmaqmf = ta[mawmf

2 62 62 62 62 62 52 52 52 52 5

uyD, = u&u? qGrf;wumyef;csDq&m = y*sdq&myef;wdrf = yef;xdrfyef;zJ = yef;zJyef;&H = y&Hq&m

yef;yk = yykq&m? kyfxkq&momraP = armifoQifOD;yif; = yef;Zif;bdk;olawmf = olawmfoDv&Sif = olawmfr{nfhonf = tm*EKvl&Tifawmf = vysufrif;om;BuD; = rif;Murf;ewfuawmf = yGJOD;eif;rwyifwdkifrif;orD; = wyg;oGm;riforD ;rif;om; = rufom;? refYom;? rifhom;armif;rrdH = uRefr*krtwD;orm; = aemufxdkifkyf&Sifrif;om; = Zmwfvdkufrif;om;kyf&Sifrif;orD; = Zmwfvdfkufrif;orD;vlMurf; = vqdk;


15/83



&mxl;tvdkuf&mxl;tvdkuf&mxl;tvdkuf&mxl;tvdkuf&mxl;tvdkuf

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki ft&m&SdBuD; = qmabcdkif0ef = t&D;ydkif

cdkif&J0ef = uwfwif&Jtkyf = 'g&um? Xmem&JMuyf = o&Zif&J = &Jom;,pfrsdK;tkyf = tyfygum&D? bdef;o&Zif,pfrsdK;&J = bdef;ysmwmNrdKUydkif = NrdKUtkyfvufaxmufNrdKUydkif = 'jyKoD;NrdKUtkyf

pma&; = pmcsD? pmudkifrif;ap = qjAmoD;pmydkYvkvif = 'ufysmwmpmwdkufrSL; = 'ufu&ifeDoabFmpma&; = oabFmu&ifeDoabFmOD;pD; = odkuf&if;q&m0ef = 'ufwifolemjyKq&mr = empfqr

aq;pyform; = uGefabmifcgolemjyK (usm;) = aoGa':a&SUae = &SdawmfcH? atmufusDaiGudkifpma&;? aiGwdkufpdk; = c'ifoD;tcGefaiGaumufcHol = a'0ef;BuD;pum;jyef = zGJ'gBuD;

2 82 82 82 82 82 72 72 72 72 7

pum;wwf = uvlwwf? umElwwfe,fydkif = cGifq&majrwdkif;pma&; = wdkufpm&GD;vlawmf = tm*ghom;? tm*ghvlppfonf = qzmtdyf

tusifhpm&dw? yHkyef;o@mef?tusifhpm&dw? yHkyef;o@mef?tusifhpm&dw? yHkyef;o@mef?tusifhpm&dw? yHkyef;o@mef?tusifhpm&dw? yHkyef;o@mef?oGifjyifkyf&nfvuPmrsm;t& wifpm;?oGifjyifkyf&nfvuPmrsm;t& wifpm;?oGifjyifkyf&nfvuPmrsm;t& wifpm;?oGifjyifkyf&nfvuPmrsm;t& wifpm;?oGifjyifkyf&nfvuPmrsm;t& wifpm;?

qJ&JHIUcs ac:a0:jcif;rsm;qJ&JHIUcs ac:a0:jcif;rsm;qJ&JHIUcs ac:a0:jcif;rsm;qJ&JHIUcs ac:a0:jcif;rsm;qJ&JHIUcs ac:a0:jcif;rsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fcg;ydkufEIduf = tdyfEIduft&uform; = ,pfazGolawmif;pm; = tvSLcHpm;awav*sydk; = qv,m[u&Dvlvdrfvlaumuf = *vdrf'guRefrsdK; = *krom;? pzdkaygufrom;todtjrifr&Sdol = Akef;'g;tESpfom&r&Sdol = azmif;um? aAm'gvlt- vle = aAm'daAm'g? e*sde*smwapmufuef; = xdk;uef;? wpl;xdk;

vlajymufvloGef; = tm*sm? toGefYolom;qdk;om;,kwf = Al;j*ifhom;? AGDj*rf;om;vlv,fvlvGifh = jrifh* g*sydk; = qyGwf? qvm,mvl*Gpm = *ef;'l;vlysif; = AsdKif;ZDcwf? iysif;xGD


16/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefvlv,f = yifum? Aufum? *sifopmazmuf = vlwnfusifvluyfap;enf; = a*gZdnm? vyGefbkususajymol = vl*vefYpum;pyfpkajymwwfol = abmufuwwf

pum;tqDtaigrwnfh ajymwwfol = u dkif;jzwfvlayg = oHk;yGmvle = tm'gvlrGJ = zGJ&m? jAm&Dus? zGwfawmif;wuRef;jyef = abmif'ljyef? abmif'lygrdef;rvsm = r,lr? ewfaumif;? iwHk;yGwftpOfrusef;rmol = e mBuD;usudk,fhtm;rudk;ol = vl*dkif;wkwfvleif;jym; = wm,mtazray:om; = a,Smufom;azmufjym;ol = a,Smufcdk;rdef;rvdkufpm;wwfol = r&wl;atmfus,fatmfus,fajymol = Ala&mif? a&mif&ifvlacsm = vlcefYjynfwefqmr = vif;jyefrrdef;r&Tif? rdef;raygh = bbDr?[wfumbDr?ubGm&mrujrif;r = vGr? ADcsyfw&mr

irGJr = jAm&Dusr? zGwfwGif;EIdufrtoHk;ruswJhrdef;r = bbm;&Drzmacgif; = b&0gvlowfw&m;cH = zifcsdwf0vmt&yf&Snfol = vif;bm;

3 03 03 03 03 02 92 92 92 92 9

t&yfykol = bk'kdaoQ? a'gifh'dkaoQrsufpdapGapmif;ol = umemtom;rnf;ol = umvm? tif;ykwfvl0vloef = abmfvD? usifoef? bkwfzm;tvGefydefcsHK;ol = vDwarmf? yifvufajcmuf

vlt = babmem;yif; = ZGef;usrsufrjrif = tuef;r,m;i,f = tarQmifr,drf;wdrff;,dkifwdkifoGm;ol = jAm;oD;jAmowfajccGifcGifoGm;ol = *Gm,m

rSwfcsuf/ / a&S;u&cdkifrsm; wpfOD;udkwpfOD;? wifpm;qJ&Jjcif;rsm;udkom

jyKMuonf/ npfnrf;pGm qJ&JrIudk rjyKMuyg;

t&G,ftvdkuft&G,ftvdkuft&G,ftvdkuft&G,ftvdkuft&G,ftvdkuf

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki farG;puav; = aygufpaoQ? tbkaoQ&Sifvdifjyef&G,f = aAmif;'ifaoQuav; = taoQ

a,musfm;uav; = uGavaoQrdef;uav; = uGavraoQumvom; = vlysdKrdef;rysdK = tysdK tysdK[dkif; = aigif;rvlysdK[dkif; = taigif;


17/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefvif&Sdrdef;r = rif;uRefrr,m;&Sda,musfm; = rif;uRefrkqdk;r = rqr? vifoDrwpfckvyf = vifuGmrtbdk;tdk = oufBuD;? 0gBuD;

tbGm;tdk = 0gBuD;r? 'gtdkrausmif;om;oli,f = pmoifom;

aqGrsdK;awmfpyfjcif;rsm;aqGrsdK;awmfpyfjcif;rsm;aqGrsdK;awmfpyfjcif;rsm;aqGrsdK;awmfpyfjcif;rsm;aqGrsdK;awmfpyfjcif;rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki faqGrsdK;awmfpyfw,f = trsdK;awmfa& aqGrsdK;qufw,f = aqGrsdK;pyfaw

taz? = tb? tz? bm;bmtbm?tzoQiftar = trd? trdoQif? trif? tD;a,?

tD;a,miftbdk; = tzdk;oQif? tzdk;? zdk;a,tbGm; = tabmifoQif? tabmif?

''gabmif? abmifabmif'dk;'dk? t'g? t'goQif

armifBuD; = armifBuD;? armifBuD;oQif?armif;armifBuD;armif = tudk? armif;armiftpfudkBuD; = tudkBuD;? *dk;*dkBuD;? *dk;BuD;tpfudkav; = tudkaoQ? *dk;*dk;aoQtaz\tpfr = t&D;BuD;

3 23 23 23 23 23 13 13 13 13 1

taz\tpfrvif = tcifBuD;? rif;BuD;? rif;rifBuD;tar\tpfrBuD; = tBuD;oQif? BuD;BuD;tar\nDr = ta,GBuD; a,;a,BuD;tarnDrvif = tabBuD;? ab;abBuD;tar\armifBuD; = tcifBuD;? rif;BuD;

taz\tpfudk = b*sD;? bBuD;? tbmBuD;cJtdkBuD; = a,mufzBuD;? ctdkBuD;OD;av; = tcif? rif;rifta': = t&D;? a,;a,tabt&G,f = taA? tcif? cifhciftpfrBuD; = tarsBuD;? rBuD;? arBuD;

rSwfcsuf/ / t&G,fvdkufac:&mwGif pOfi,fvdkuf BuD;? vwf? aoQ?xGD;ponfjzifh ac:Muygonf/

eifwd k Yeifwd k Yeifwd k Yeifwd k Yeifwd k Y = t,dk;d k Ut,dk;d k Ut,dk;d k Ut,dk;d k Ut,dk;d k UcifAsm;cifAsm;cifAsm;cifAsm;cifAsm; = cifz&m;cifz&m;cifz&m;cifz&m;cifz&m;rif;wd k Yrif;wd k Yrif;wd k Yrif;wd k Yrif;wd k Y = ta0d kUta0d kUta0d kUta0d kUta0d kUaqGrsdK;qufESifh ywfouf toQif0go0(ewfjrpfrmC)xHrS &&Sdaom

aMumif;&yfwpfcsdKUudk wifjyvdkufygonf/

txufckESpfquftbrsdK;


taz? tbdk;? tab;? = taz? tzdk;oQif? tzD;oQiftabG;? tbJ;? tbD = tZloQif? tZmoQif? tEloQiftabmf temoQif


18/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TeftxufckESpfquftrdrsdK;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki ftar? tzGm;/ tab;r = trd? tabmifoQifr?

tzD;oQifrtabG;r? tbJ;r? tbDr = tZloQifr? tZmoQifr?

tEkoQifrtabmfr = temoQifr/

atmufqufom;orD; ckESpfquf

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fom;? ajr;? jrpf = om;? NrD;? jrpfwD? ajrmh? uRwf = wD?


19/83



a&m*ga0'emrsm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;a&m*ga0'emrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki frusef ;rmjzpfaew,f = rcs dbJ jzpfeDa&tonf;toef = tonf;wjyif;

tcs de fMumjrif honf ha&m*g = emwm&SnfudkufcJw,f = tD;a&Muifa&ESm&nf,dk? tat;rd = aqmif;rGD&a& wkwfauG;zsm; = ttD;rdzsm;ief;zsm; = ief;vdkufawiSufzsm; = iSufzsm;vdkufawacgif;rl;w,f = a*gif;rGda& acgif;udkufw,f = a*gif;cJa&

rl;aemufaemufawGUw,f = a*gif;,dkifa&? a*gif;nD;a&Adkufemw,f = 0rf;cJa& Adkufatmifhw,f = 0rf;jcifha& 0rf;udkufa&m*g = jrif;odkufumv0rf;a&m*g = umvemacsmif ;qd k;aoG ;y ga&m*g = oem kyfyef;em = yifem? cgcsD;yvdyfa&m*g = cGD;yZdem? vdkif*sdwfemqHkqdkYa&m*g = vdkifqdkYem? vdkif*sDemem;ajy,dka&m*g = eykwf,dkemoGm;emw,f = oGm;tD;a& oGm;zHk;ajy,dka&m*g = odk;oyifumvom;a&m*g = vysdKem? zavmif;*sDemtlusa&m*g = aAwufaw? aABuD;a& tonf;a&mifa*g*g = tzs dKif ;BuD ;a&m*g

3 63 63 63 63 63 53 53 53 53 5

udk,f&nfa&m*g = Elemwdkemrsufcrf;pyfa&m*g = rsufpdema& rsufom;bka&m*g = rsufpdpGefa& oGusyg'a&m*g = 0ufcsKyfem? rm'&mavjzwfw,f = vDvdkufaw? vDdkufaw

ES macgif ;ykwfa&m*g = ESmyvkyfpm;a&'lvma&m*g = yg'g&ufxa& rD;,yfa&m*g = r&yfemvdkufawaoG;pkem = trGD;wyifemtemykwf = urf;axmufurf;NydK ajcydk;pm;w,f = oJpm;a& rdwfxGufw,f = Nrdwfaygufawnif; = nif;xa& wif;wdwf = wef;qdwf0ufjcH = 0ufjcKwf0ufcif = 0ufjcifESif;cl = clusa& ayG; = yGD;udE&Dem = uswfaygufawqifajcaxmuf = NcD*l'gvdkufaw


20/83



opfoD;0vHrsm;opfoD;0vHrsm;opfoD;0vHrsm;opfoD;0vHrsm;opfoD;0vHrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki femewfoD; = eH'&moD;a*G;oD; = bDvwf0csdKifhoD;

'l;&if;MoZm = bdvwfyESJoD;oabFmoD; = b'*g;oD;rmvumoD; = a*:,dkifoD;? *,dkifoD;opfawmfoD; = umylZoD;OoQpfoD; = 0&mZfoD;MuufarmufoD; = pkwfzGm;oD;? vDZloD;Hk;ya'omoD;? Hk;y'DoD; = a*gif;cifarQmfoD;? acsma'gifhoD;refusnf;oD; = rSif;*sdK;oD;

ZD;jzLoD; = cscsm;oD;ZD;oD;? r&rf;oD; = psoD;? rnif;oD;a&SmufoD; = a,SmufcsdKoD;AkwfoD; = tHkeDoD? tleDoD;AHkoD; = a,SmufcHkaumufoD;uRJaumfoD; = ccsdK;ccsOfoD;Muuf[if;cg;oD; = j*ifhcg;oD;iSufaysmoD; = eysdK;oD;&cdkifiSufaysm = uvm;eysdK;zD;Murf;iSufaysm = armifrJoD;ojyKoD; = 'jAKwfoD;iSufaysmcsnf = ruvDoD;

3 83 83 83 83 83 73 73 73 73 7

pGefyvGefoD; = ZHAavmifoD;ojypfoD; = ZzQdKufoD;oajyoD; = rdk;obDoD;'l;&if;oD; = 'dk;,dkif;oD;Al;oD; = bGoD;

zHkoD; = ausmufzHkoD;'nif;oD; = tnif;oD;AHkomoD; = uepdkoD;ayoD; = yDoD;"edoD; = &Dtkef;oD;yJvif;a>roD; = NrDcG,foD;? NrDa,oD;yJawmifh&Snf = yJvHk;oD;? bdkvHkoD;ukvm;yJ = jrif;pm;yJukvm;yJMurf; = 'efYpawmfyJ = yJpmtkAdkvfpmyJ = wkwfyJoD;ajryJ = yJa'gifhc&rf;csOfoD; = c&rf;csdKifoD;

wjcm;aom o&ufoD;? ydEJoD;? MoZmoD;? vdarmfoD;? oHy&moD;? a&TzHkoD;?c0JoD;? z&JoD;? ocGm;oD;? c&rf;oD;? ovJhoD;? wef;oD;? tkef;oD;? uGrf;oD;wdkYrSmtac:wlonf/


21/83



aumufyJoD;ES HaumufyJoD;ES HaumufyJoD;ES HaumufyJoD;ES HaumufyJoD;ES H

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fvl;quf = qwfESHa&TusD = ql*QD

rif ;'H k;qe ftrsd K;tpm; = i BudrfoD ;ipdefqeftrsdK;tpm; = vufHk;qefeD = tmabmifeDicsdwfqef = tif;ykwfqefzGJEk = qefrkefYrQpf = 0wkwf? EIwf[if;yavmyDeHO = uyvDajrmufOupGef;O = ajrmufO

tmwmvGwfO = 0ajrmufO? oD[dkajrmufOpdrf;pm;O = vGrf;p&mOupGef;yif = uif;pGef;yifcsOfabmif = csdKifabmif? csdKifydkuyGef;csOf = uif;yGefYcsdKifrJZvD = rIdif;Z&DiSufBuD;awmif = rId[if;? rG[if;'efY'vGef = 'efYovGef*sif; = csif;? csif;pdrf;qEGif; = eEGif;qGrf;arT; = qefrTD;&Guf? uGrf;vif

4 04 04 04 04 03 93 93 93 93 9

yef;rmvfrsm;yef;rmvfrsm;yef;rmvfrsm;yef;rmvfrsm;yef;rmvfrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fca&yef; = cs&m;yGif hAk'Ho&PH = oJawmf

aZmfrTm; = qawmufyef;wkwfpum; = tifMuif;? tif*&m;ykP&dyfyef; = abmif;'vkyfaucwmyef; = c'gyef;qdwfzvl; = dk;vSoEmydawmufyef; = ya'gufyGifhrdk;qef;yef; = yef;at;ajcmufvGrf; = oHk;zefvS

narT;yef; = *vef'gtxyfwpf&m = tcspfwpf&m*Ermyef; = puLyef;pdefyef; = yumoeDaeMumyef; = eDMumyGifhcs,f&Dyef; = &efukefyef;acgif;avmif;yef; = zavmif;yGif haygufvJyef; = aygufyGifhESpfopful;yef; = oeyfcg;yGifhrsnf;wef&Snf = aMumifr'Hk;ZDZ0g = ZDo0gykef;nuf = c'ufcsdKifaA'gyef; = aumufp&Drsnf;wefwdk =


22/83



opfyif0g;yifrsm;opfyif0g;yifrsm;opfyif0g;yifrsm;opfyif0g;yifrsm;opfyif0g;yifrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fxdukef;yif = &Sufyifydef;yif = Nydef;yif

*sdwfrSefyif =


23/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefOMo = a0giSufusm; = bmqD? jcnfcifpGyfvif;qGJ = bm'vDvif;EdkY = vifvkyfopfawmiSuf = avmif;q&m

*sdK;(csdK;) = N*dK; (NcdK;)BudK;Mum = N*dK;j*ma,mufzacG;ac: = 0ufom;ajcmufaygifcdk = cGmpmuav; = pmaoQusD;t = usD;uef;odef;iSuf = 0efvufawmpm = yef;pdwfuaoQarmufaxmif = Z&ufarmufwifrdk;ZDiSuf = Zifa&mfyZif; = &Dyef;Zif;awmbJi,f = wef;qdwf? qdwfq&D

ydk;rTm;rsm;ydk;rTm;rsm;ydk;rTm;rsm;ydk;rTm;rsm;ydk;rTm;rsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fyZif;aumif = yZdef;ESHNyDpkwf = ESHpdrf;aumifydk;pkef; MuL; = y'jrm;yvl = yvDyvm? yvDywmvdyfjym = zvH^vjAm*sydk; = Murf;ydk;'Dydk; = yvkyfydk;eoefYaumif = AAef;

4 44 44 44 44 44 34 34 34 34 3

om;ig;rsm;om;ig;rsm;om;ig;rsm;om;ig;rsm;om;ig;rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fykpGefMum; = ukvm;yZGefykpGefqdwf = yZGef'uf

ykpGefjym; = AZGef YjzL a&TykpGef = AZGef&ifeD? ydkufAZGefvufrul = acgufcuf? vufr


24/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Teficl = yifv,ficlyifv,fiajyr = iyoGef? iyokefig;vQm = cGcsm? cGD;csmig;&Snfh = ipG,f? i,Sif;yefZif; = 'g;rEdkif

ig;a&mif = uRJrwHk;? iysif;cwfig;jym; = iy,Sm;? iNyD,Sm;ig;ykwfoif = iyghoGifi0dkif; = iHk;? irkwfig;vdyfausmuf = vausmufausmufig; = iawmufwlig;ESyyf = ba&;*g;? b'*g;ig;Zifdkif; = i p&defY? ipdkif;irJ = a'gif;'emiwHcGef? ig;oef&Snf = io&GJ;ig;ajyr = iNyDig;uGrf;&Syf = indKUig;yg;eD = i0ufyeDig;*Hk; = u,kwfcJig;BudK;0g = 0gr&SDuwforQif = qmzmig;ykavG = atmufpzdk

ig;a>rxdk; = yifv,fipEktmNAJajcmuf = i'rlajcmufig;qrm = ig;qm;xdk;? qm;yGwfirkwf = l;Zem;ydEJaph = iukef;ndK

4 64 64 64 64 64 54 54 54 54 5

tdrftaqmuftOD;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;tdrftaqmuftOD;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;tdrftaqmuftOD;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;tdrftaqmuftOD;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;tdrftaqmuftOD;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;

tdrftpdwftydkif;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fuGif; = jyiftdrf&majr = Z*gtdrf0if;jcHajr = [if;jcif;0ifayguf = vrf;00if;x&H = wyftdrfyEufdkufw,f = tdrfordkif;a& tdrfrdk;acgif = trdk;acgif"edrdk; = tkef;rdk;

oGyfrdk; = oHjzLrdk;a&avQmuf = wef;a'gufyef;qGJ = yef;,wf? yef;'wfatmufxyf = atmufqifhESpfxyfwdkuf = ESpfqifhwdkufavSum; = vSumhbdeyfcRwf = vSuZifvomaqmif = A&H'g? o&JNyD;

tay:tdrfOD;cef; = aysmhxuf? ajymhOD;{nfhcHcef; = 'efcHtdrfcef; = txJ? tdrfxJcef;vGwfae&m = a,mifjyifbk&m;aqmif = z&Ziftdrfa&SUcef;r = qif0if


25/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TeftzD = armif;*g? t,wfrD;zdkacsmif = pzdkaxmifh ? xrcsufcef;a&csdK;cef; = twGif;cef;? &csdK;cef;tdrfom = csazmifom? &tdrfjywif;ayguf = ywif;ayguf

0g;Murf;cif; = a'gif'rmrsufESmMuuf = AHkydwfrD;zdk = qzdk? pzdktdrfeH&H = x&Hrif;wkef; = rdk;ausmuf? *vefY,ufr = ykef;,m;qifh = ykef;zD? ukef;zD'dkif; = uwfusdwfx&Hwef; = &Hwef;?


26/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefoHdkufwl = rmwlaywef = rsOf;aMumif;wHpOf = wef;qufwHpOfMurf; = usm;,SmaumfywfpuL = rSefpuL? pHayyg

jy'g;csdef = &Dcsdef? ,ifrem;wl;&Gif; = w&Gif;uwfaMu; = uwfusD;

taqmuftODrsm;taqmuftODrsm;taqmuftODrsm;taqmuftODrsm;taqmuftODrsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fwJi,f = wJukwfaoQ

&GufxnfwJ = wif;*laq;Hk = odwfvIdifpmwdkuf = 'ufHkaMu;eef;Hk; = oHBudK;Hk;&JXme = *g&m&Jwef;vsm; = *g&mwef;taumufHk; = upifwif;Hk; = tzdwfkyf&SifHk = bdkufpukwfHkukefavSmifHk = *l'if? *'ifjy'faqmif = aZw0efaqmifAvD = ukvm;rodwftkXfwdkuf = wdkuftdrfqdyfwHwm; = azmifawmfa&bHkbdkif = &Dpuf? &puf

5 05 05 05 05 04 94 94 94 94 9

vloGm;vrf; = Zif;jcifuw&map;vrf; = 'Hkemvrf;vrf;qHk = cGqHkvrf;Mum; = vufMum;pmwdkufyHk; = 'ufa*gif;

trIdufyHk; = tnufqdk;bHk;a&wGif; = tkwfwGif;aps;qdkifwef; = ZD;'ef;tvkyform;wef;vsm; = ulvD'ef;

vSnf;ESifhqdkif&mrsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fvSnf;? &xm; = ,dkif? *g&D

jrif;&xm; = jrif;qGJ,dkif? jrif;*g&Djrif;vSnf; (a'gufuwf) = uvefYcGef? awmifawmif*g&DMumyGwf = wykwf? pmykwftokb,mOf = rom*g&DEGm;vSnf; = EGm;pufoD;? EGm;*g&DvSnf;bD; = pufoD;rdvmodrf;um; = tnufqdk;armfawmfbdkifpu,f = pufoD;

armfawmfqdkifu,f = armfawmfbkwf


27/83



avSESif hqdkif&mrsm;avSESif hqdkif&mrsm;avSESif hqdkif&mrsm;avSESif hqdkif&mrsm;avSESif hqdkif&mrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki favS = avmif;wHigavS = ydkufavmif;

iSuf = oHydkif? ormefuwL = bkwfuwLBuD; = ZmvDbkwfpufavS = armfawmfbkwfukefa&mif;avS = uRef;pdkifywfavmif;avSxdk;om; = avmif;orm;avSolBuD; = odkuf&if;yJheif; = wufrudkif? rmpD

wuf = wufrausmufql; = ausmuf[ufaygif;rdk; = aygif;acgif&GufvTifhw,f = &Gufwdkufawa&cETJU = &ydkufcGufopfxGif;avS = wl;avmif;avSmfwufckef = yif;xGef;ckefOD;yJha&SUuxdkifcif; = rm'ifcH k

5 25 25 25 25 25 15 15 15 15 1

obm0qdkif&mrsm;obm0qdkif&mrsm;obm0qdkif&mrsm;obm0qdkif&mrsm;obm0qdkif&mrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki favwdkufw,f = vDxa&avayG = vAGD

avayGBuD; = awmfavrkefwdkif; = vDvdkufawavNidrffaew,f = vDwdkif;eDa&taemufajrmufav = uw&Hta&SUawmifav = qifacgif;vDtaemufav = &rf;aygufajrmufav = pkefvDoJaomifvIdif; = 'gvD

vIdif;qloH = ,uftloHvIdif;qlw,f = vIdif;BuD;a&vIdif;xefw,f = vIdif;jyif;a&0J*,uf = &ywf'Da&BuD;w,f = jzm;BuD;a& 'Da&twuf = jzm;wuf'Da&tus = jzm;usa&pkef = jzm;oifha&qef = jzm;qef&THUEGH = Adwf? usKwfrefY? wrefYom;oJaomifjyif = jyif&Snfay:uRef; = jym;uRef;'Da&mufawm = jym;awm'dkuf = zHk;qdk;


28/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefyifv,fauGU = *sdKif? wmavmifuRef;qG,f = armf? armfxkwfawm&Gm = uRef;wHig&Gm = ydkufqdyfawmifajc&if;&Gm = awmif;&if;uRef;

a&wHcGef = wH&SifawmifMum;vrf; = cifZdkif;O,smOf = [if;cif;rD;awmif = e*g;awmifjrpfnm = acsmif;zsm;v,fuefoif; = um&Dv,fuGif; = v,fjyifopfyifajcmuf = opfa&mif;a&uef = uefabmifrdk;wdrf = rdk;&dyfrdk;om;MuL;w,f = rdk;&dyfwufawrdk;csHK;w,f = rdk;BudK;a&rdk;OD;us = rdk;oD;usrdk;azG;usaew,f = rdk;oD;aygufuseDa&vQyfppfysufw,f = wdrfcGwfaw? vQyfjyufawoufwefY = owif;&Daomuf?

yZif;&Daomuf

jrLcdk;qdkif;aew,f = rIdif;csKyfeDa&jrLESif;a0aew,f = ESif;csKyfeDa& vomw,f = vya& yJhwifoH = awmifdkufoH? jyef[yfoH

5 45 45 45 45 45 35 35 35 35 3

dk;&mtu? yGJvrf;obif?dk;&mtu? yGJvrf;obif?dk;&mtu? yGJvrf;obif?dk;&mtu? yGJvrf;obif?dk;&mtu? yGJvrf;obif?aaaaaeeeeeYYYYYBuD;&ufBuD;rsm;BuD;&ufBuD;rsm;BuD;&ufBuD;rsm;BuD;&ufBuD;rsm;BuD;&ufBuD;rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd kifeyrf;yGJ = usifyGJavSNydKifyGJ = NydKifavmif;yGJvGefqGJyGJ = &xm;yGJajy;ckefypfyGJ = tNyD;NydKifyG JoDwif;uRwfyGJ = 0guRwfyGJwefaqmifwdkifyGJ = 0uFbmyGJtwma&obifyGJ = oBuFef&Davmif;yGJbkef;BuD;ysHyGJ = 'Hk;yGJbkef;BuD;ysHwGif uaom,drf; = 'Hk;u

awm&Gmrsm;wGifuaom,drf;tzGJU = [efkyfuvyfudkxrf;uGufeif;uaomtu = odkif;kyfao;Zmwf = kyfoD;yGJkyf&Sif = t&dyfyGJ? rsufpduvefwef?

bdkifpukwf/qufuyfyGJ = bm;? qmhumh

aus;&GmwGifuaomZmwfyGJ = MunfhcsifyGJtcrf;tem;rSmuaomZmwf = r@yf0ifyG JHk0ifvufrSwf = wdwfuwf0gqdkvjynfh = 0gOD;owif;rlpviftpfaeY = u&yifedefY


29/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefemwmvl;yGJ = c&pfprefedef Y?

t*FvdyfESpf opful;

rkef YyJoa&pmrsm;rkef YyJoa&pmrsm;rkef YyJoa&pmrsm;rkef YyJoa&pmrsm;rkef YyJoa&pmrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki foa&pm = ydkifp&mrkefYqef; = rkefYoef;qEGif;ruif; = apmvIdifrkef YausmufaMumrkefY = a&T&iftD;ZD;,dk = Zbd,dk? ZbdcsdKa&cJrkefY = tdkufpu&defcsdKcsOf = oMum;vHk;? rsufcsdK

ylwif; = ydkwdefbDpuGwfrkefY = rkefYajcmuf? bDpulrkefYvufxdk;rkefY = [mv0grkefYvaqmif; = rkefYaqmif;aumufnif;aygif; = aumufnif;xrif;rD;ayGUusnf? cJwefacsmif; = aumufnifusdKifa'gufrkefYvHk;a&ay: = &ay:rkefY? vay:rkefYrkefYqDaMumf = qDygrkefYtdk;uif;uyfrkefY = 0uif;uyfrkefYawmufawmufaMumf = udkbdef;ausmfEdk Y'def = rufacgif? armufacgifEdkU'defa& = 'GdKifzmvl'g = qeywfa& "ed&nf = tkef;a& csvum&nf = AeDuma&

5 65 65 65 65 65 55 55 55 55 5

bdvyf&nf = ykvif;&Da&aEG; = &yltMurf;a& = tzefa& [if;csdK = [if;a& [if;csdKrIefY = tcsdKrIefY

a&arSmf = ausmufaMum

udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm;udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm;udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm;udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm;udk;uG,frIqdkif&mrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fbk&m; = z&m;apwD = ZmwDoJyHkapwD = oJZmwD? udk;e0if;ZmwD

wHcGef = wif;cGefwHcGefvTifh = wHcGef&Tm;? wHcGef&Tifhyvif = yefvifezl;ocsFyf = ezl;pnf;rsufESmMuuf = pef;awmf? pGef;awmfa&csrf;tdk; = anmif&Dtdk;"gwfawmfuGefYjrL;w,f = "gwfawmufawur0g&Gwfw,f = uarmfnwfawrD;yHk; = rvHk;pdyfykwD; = tedpy'D;tdrfapmifhewf = tdrfoQif&Gmapmifh? NrdKUapmifhewf = &GmoQif? NrdKUoQiftdrfapmifhewfyojcif; = tcsdKyGJ? tcsdKifyGJwifa&&Gmapmifhewfyojcif; = tdrfoQifwufaw?tcsdKwuf?

&GmoQifwufaw


30/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefacsmif;apmifhewfyojcif; = acsmif;cGwfawawmapmi fhewfyojci f; = awmwifa&ewfuGef; = ewfpifewf&Jw,f = ewfMurf;a& aMu;pnf = oHpnf;

bk&m;ausmif;vSnfhywfonf = y'ufomvSnfha&aMu;pnfxdk;w,f = oHpnfwDa&oHpnfcwfaw

r*FvmaqmifESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;r*FvmaqmifESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;r*FvmaqmifESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;r*FvmaqmifESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;r*FvmaqmifESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fr*Fvmaqmif = orufwuf? r,drfwuf

r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm = aqmif;yg;pmr*Fvmtcrf;tem; = r*FvmajrmufawowdkYorD;tm; a&TaiGay;jcif; = toGif;y D;a&aphpy fa Mumif;vrff ;jci f; = tcgqd ka&ay;pm;w,f = yZyfawvufqHkpm;w,f = vufaqmifpm;a& vufxyfr*FvmjyKw,f = jrm;a&r*FvmvufqHkpm; BudrffcHk = yGJwifwD;aompnf = yefwsif;? yef;usif;pnfwD;ol = yef;wsif;o,fowdkYorD; = orD;oQif? jcroQifowdkYom; = orufoQif? orufopfowdkYorD;{nfhcHyGJ = orD;apmifhvufaqmif&ypnf; = vufzGJU0efvufaqmif&aiG = vufzGJUwef;um;

5 85 85 85 85 85 75 75 75 75 7

cJzdk; = &Gm0ifcr*FvmaqmifoGm;w,f = orufwufvdkufawowdkYom;tdrfodkY owdkYorD;OD;qHk;tvnfoGm;jcif; = tdrfjyefv,f

tokbESifhqdkif&mrsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki ftokb = romtokboGm;w,f = romydkYvdkufawtavmif;pif = cwfjy'fvkyfol = o*FZmtokbpnf = rompnf

tokbwD;0dkif; = romqdkif;tokb,mOf = rom*g&Dtavmif;wifxrif;-[if;rsm; xm;&S djcif; = cGyZmxrif;tdk;tdk; = tdk;wdkufny&dwfemjcif; = n0ga[ma& &ufvnfqGrf;oGwfjcif; = oydwfjznfha& okb&mZm = ocsKif;apmifh


31/83



tdrfoHk;ypnf;ESif htdrfoHk;ypnf;ESif htdrfoHk;ypnf;ESif htdrfoHk;ypnf;ESif htdrfoHk;ypnf;ESif hwjcm;toHk;taqmifrsm;wjcm;toHk;taqmifrsm;wjcm;toHk;taqmifrsm;wjcm;toHk;taqmifrsm;wjcm;toHk;taqmifrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fxrif;pm;yef;uef = zsdKif;? avmifAGef;yef;uefjym; = ysmvmyef;uefvHk; = [if;Zm;ZvHk = ZHkvufzuf&nfye f;ue f = vufzuf&nfysmvmu&m; = bJxrif;csdKifh = qGJ'Hk? 'ufqifhaxG;cH = xGD;tdk;? vufqD;cH? vufqD;tHAswf = As

AswfBuD; = a'gufvef;pOfhtdk; = pdkifhtdk;pOfhcGuf = tif'HkpOfhcGufi,f = tifom;ajrtdk; = em*ltdk;? NrDtdk;ajrtdk;i,f = tmPm? Ztdk;aoQa&tdk;cGuf = &0cGuf? &cGufpavmif;zHk; = cGuf? acsm&m

ikyfqHk = ausmufom;ajrxrif;pm;yef;uef = uvcGuf? NrDavmifAGef;c&if; = ZD;y,dkifh,Gef;c&if; = ausmufumy,dkifh,Gef;zvm; = cGufzvm;,Gef;uGrf;tpf = ESD;uGrf;MuKwf

6 06 06 06 06 05 95 95 95 95 9

usnfayGU = usrdUvufESD; = vufckwfa&qGJyHk; = Amv'def? Aufv'def? Am'vDzefzvm; = *svuf? zefcGufrD;ajymif; = ajymif;us,f

cuf&if; = pl;awmif; = c&if;'eftdk; = oGwftdk;a&rIwf = cwdk? cawmf&Dwaumif; = &Dua'gif;',ftdk; = tdkiftdk;tdk;uif; = oHz&mydkif;om;vSD;"m; = 'yg;aoQrD;yl = r*dkufrD;tdrf = rSeftdrfzsm = oabmufrSefajymif; = pdefreDADdk = tHwrm&DvufESdyf"mwfrD; = "mwfawmifhrD;oD; = Am;oD;"gwfcJ = Awfx&Dykqdef = aygufqdef

aq;wH = yef;'lBudrfacG;ajc = cGD;caxmufcHkypnf; = 0efaomhcavmuf = vufckwfoD;bD; = 0NzD;aowm = wdkufwm


32/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefxif;l;aowm = aqmif;'lwHrsufpnf; = tdrfvSJ? cufc&mrD;jcpf = rqGJ? rMuKwfcarmuf = ruvmcarmufi,f = a*gif;csKyf

wHqdyfacgif; = 'ufacgif;? wdwfuwfrkwfqdwfnyf = Zm*emykcuf = ycGuf'ef; = ,dkif;ausmufwH = uefYulpdpmtkyf = bGJUtkyfrSifwH = uavmifcJwH = cJuuavmifrSif = rSifqDazmifwdefyef = rSifuavmif

(rSifxGufuavmif)"gwfpuf = pufaw;jcif;"gwfjym; = "gwfcsufatmfvH = c&0? cv0oGm;yGwfwef = jAKwfpuLjzL = bvmpuL ,rif;kyf = nrif;kyf

zdk;0kyf = aygifwkwfuaoQaq;jyif;vdyf = uavmif*sDaq;ayghvdyf = zufqvdyfqD;um&uf = qD;uvdyf>yef = ydkufvHk;a&>yef = &pufydkuf

6 26 26 26 26 26 16 16 16 16 1

aMumfjimf = aqmif;yg;x = avmifay: Zmwm = &ufcsKyfrEmef = rE&m;? ref'&m;pyg;usD = dkif? ykwf

csdefcGif = zvD? uwfy,f*kefeDtdwf = qvm;tdyf? abmufompGef = vDwHcGef&[wf = ,ufusnfqH = ,rf;a'gifhaoewf = ajAmufajcmufvHk;jyL; = ajAmufwdkt*Fvefvkyf = bDvwfwDa&T&nfpdrf = "gwftdk;EIdufjy'g;wdkif = tylwdkif;qyfjym = oyHk,if; = vrkxGeftyf = zv0gxGefwHk; = tyfudkif;EGm;yvHk; = ESIyfwHpOf = pufua& aygufjym; = cs,ufaygufwl;

ukvm;OD;xkyf = ukvm;awmufusm

a


33/83



t0wfwefqmrsm;t0wfwefqmrsm;t0wfwefqmrsm;t0wfwefqmrsm;t0wfwefqmrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki frsufESmokwf = awmufvsm? wHAufOD;xkyf = awmufusm? 0xkwf? rG

vHkcsnf = 'a,m? cawmif;? ca,muftus = bmZlSyftusvufwdk = armif;ydkif;Syfvuf&Snf = umrdwfwdkufyHktus = jyifcH? b&wfpwmuGwftus = bavZmukwfpGyfus,f = *ifZDb&m? wdk;tus*g0gef = Zm*&m? c&nf

ZmabmfvD = abmf'vD? twGif;cHjcHKy0g = yqdk;ydkif;? wHAufvufudkifyk0g = y0gaoQxbDtxufqif = ewftkyftESD;p = csESD;[yfodk;arT;pG,fwm = *a&mifpGwfwmpG,fwm = pGwfwmydk;vHkcsnf = ydk;wHk;csnfvHkcsnf = jcnfwHk;apmif = yqdk;? uHkabmifjcnfjzLapmif = ykqdk;pGyfajctdyf = ctdyf? NcDpGyftyfjcnfvHk; = jcnfoD;aumfaZm = ow&mZdef

6 46 46 46 46 46 36 36 36 36 3

bGwfbdeyf = bkwfzeefYcef;qD; = uvum? vSpfumezl;pD; = rsufESmMuufa&S;acwfrdef;rBuD;0wftus = xdkifrodrf;if;xydef = aemufpxydefvlBuD;0wfvHkcsnf&Snf = u&vdkif? yif&Snf'a,m

txnfyg; = rm'&mzuf? vifw&DjcnfMurf;xnf = bHkbdkif*Grf;xnf = zmvmvD? *Grf;xdk;ouvyfxnf = qm;,Smodk;arT;xnf = *a&mif,SmydwfMurf; = *g'gydk;wkxnf = a,Smfom;yifeDxnf = trsdK;om;,Sm

&Gufxnf = wif;*l,SmrJxnf = rJ,SmvifuGwfwD = b'&DvG,ftdwf = 'uftdyfcg;ywf = cyef;abmif;bD = aygifzD

&ufuef;&ufvkyfief;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;&ufuef;&ufvkyfief;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;&ufuef;&ufvkyfief;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;&ufuef;&ufvkyfief;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;&ufuef;&ufvkyfief;ESifh pyfqdkif&mrsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd kif&cd ki f&cd kif&cd ki f&cd ki f

&ufuef;&ufvkyfaomrdef ;r = ,d ki fonf&ufuef;uRrf;usifol = &uef;wwf&ufuef;xnfa&mif; rdef;r = 'vmr


34/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefcsnfvdyfcsm; = vufwm;? vkyfwm;csnfcsm; = csaoQcsnf&SnfcHk = cscHk? &SnfcHkcsnf&Snf&mwGif oHk;0g;i,f = vufvHwkwfcsnf&Snf&mikwfwkdif = vufvHwdkif&pf = &[wf&pfazmuf = &Gef;oD;,ufazmuf = &Gef;oD;cGHvGef; = &Gef;Adkif;iifw,f = jcnfywfawaumfpmwif = jcnfe,fa&

tpmwifa&csnfyl;w,f = jcnfzsufaw

vuf,Sufiifa&

vufcwfqif = vufcwfnda&,ufazmufw,f = &Gef;oD;a,mufawaumfpmwifNyD;vQifjyef&Snfjcif; = jcnfwef;a& &ufuef;pif = ,dkifpife,f*ef = EG,f*efe,fpl; = EG,fpl;txnfom;vdyf = vufvdyf

pD; = ausmh,Ofabmif = ,dkifabmif,OfoGm; = ,dkifoGm;yef;azmfysOfjym; = &ufrcsnfwpfyif = jcnfwrQifcsnfav;yif = csnfwrsuf

6 66 66 66 66 66 56 56 56 56 5

csnfwpfxHk; = csnfwcifjcnfESpfxHk; = jcnfwyl;yifwdkifcsnf = twdkifjcnf&ufazmufcsnf = tazmufcsnfcsnf = jcnf

csnfrnf; = &Sm;? rJjcnfcsnfeD = rumcsnfqdk;aq; = qmzmqdk;aq;yef;a&mif = qmzma&miftndKa&mif = 'kxma&mifrD;cdk;a&mif = tmuma&mifteDa&mif = rlumqD;wa&mifwnf;tqif = bdef;tuGufBuD;tqif = babmufjyufqiftuGufao;tqif = uGufpdyfqifrEav;ydk;xnfqif = csyfrwwfAefaumufqif = b,fvdrfnmvdrfqiftcsdwfqif = yef;azmf? &ufraxmif

&cdkifdk;&m txnftqifrsm;trnf&cdkifdk;&m txnftqifrsm;trnf&cdkifdk;&m txnftqifrsm;trnf&cdkifdk;&m txnftqifrsm;trnf&cdkifdk;&m txnftqifrsm;trnfajcmufvyef;? ig;vyef; ab'guefabmifyifjzwf? armifawmfwrf;

tvGrff; ajz/ oabmufjywf? u,kurm? pdefwpfyGifh? vdyfcGef? rmvzHk? usLx&H?uGufpdwf? uGrf;oD;cGH? b,fvdrfnmvdrf? puf0dkif;? a,mqif? puf0dkif;BuD;? rif;wdkifyif?yif vdyf? bHkBuD;qif? ppuf,dk? zvm;wif? aMumifeacgif;? rSif;usdK;yGifh? ydk;0goef;?awmifvHk;ausmf? pdefebef? qifrsufuGif;? a'gif;rsufpd? cGmrsufpd? yef;NrdKifav?rwfwwfrIdif? rwfwwfqif? 'kwfwefpD? u'gaAQmuf? a'gif;&TDqdkif? rif;rsufcspf?

f d6 76 76 7


35/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefrSefabmif? yvJayguf? yef;pMum? &TDyif;ul? armifcspfr,fcspf? a'gif;a'gif? yef;wpfqkwf? wdkufwmrkefY? r[mEG,f? yef;wpfvHk;? qifkyfaoQ? qifkyf? bJkyf? csdKifabmifyGifh? taygif;vuPm? rm,maxmifacsmuf? av;r,fqif? av;yGifhqdkif?a'0Dem;? aiGrsufESm? pdefvufpGyf? vufxdk;yef;? pdefpm&H? zvHaoQ? qifc&m?N*dK[fwk? &xm;yef;,dkif? ausmufpm a&Tjcnfxdk;? awmf0ifol? ompGav? NrdKUvHk;awmuf? ydk;0gqif? t,or*? ebD&GufuHk;? *efa*gufcsdwf? dk;dk;csdwf? *Ermcsdwf?yef;tdk;csdwf? *rkef;csdwf? &moufyefcsdwf? r,fawmfcsdwf? armifawmfcsdwf? oZifEG,fcsdwf? b,wfcsdwf? a'gif;ajAmufcsdwf? abmvHk;qif? barmfrsufESm? oZifcsdwf?&yfapmufcsdwf? rl;pdrwfpd tjcm;trnfrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifaumif;ao;onf/

owKrsm;owKrsm;owKrsm;owKrsm;owKrsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki faMu; = BuD;cJrjzL = cJrJykwfoHrPd = oHcJ? rcGwfoHaiG = rGD? iGD'gef = oGwf? bifa&T = &TDaygifcwfa&T = *DedeDvm = ausmufeDi&JrD; = avmifqD;t&ufysH = qay&dwf

6 86 86 86 86 86 76 76 76 76 7

b,aq;b,aq;b,aq;b,aq;b,aq;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fb,aq; = z&qD;AdaEmqD = xufazmfqD;

'kwm = tjr*s0gaq;xef; = csxef;cs0godaEm = qykwfayG;udkif; = csem;rwD? plvmrmusDav;nif; = av;nif;yGifh&Sdef;cdk; = [def;*dk? [def;N*dKprHkUeuf = preuf

aeY&uftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;rsm;aeY&uftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;rsm;aeY&uftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;rsm;aeY&uftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;rsm;aeY&uftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;rsm;jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fvGefcJhwJhwpfaeYu = xdkw&ufedefYuraeYu = nZu? ,redefYu'DaeY = a'edefY? atedefY? *edefYreufjzef = ESufjzefcg? ESufjzefozufcg = oHzufcg? oHzuf? ozuf

zD;aeY = zD;cg? zD;edefYeHeufapmapm = rdk;aomufpaZmaoQrGef;vGJ = rGef;aZmif;naeapmif; = nZmbufnDtpfudkrodwodtcsdef = eDebdkcwfae0ifqnf;qm = e0if'l;rdk;csKyfw,f = eD0ifa&

f d 7 07 07 07 07 06 96 96 96 96 9


36/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefnarSmifvmw,f = nOfheufvma& wpfaeU = w&ufwpfrdepf = wrDed&ufwpfygwf = wowif;tzdwfaeY = owif;zD;? tzdwfOykofaeY = owif;edefY/ 0ykofedefY

upm;jcif;rsm;upm;jcif;rsm;upm;jcif;rsm;upm;jcif;rsm;upm;jcif;rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fupm;Muw,f = upm;Muwfawwlwlyke f;wrf;upm;jcif; = 0Sufwrf;y ke f;wrf;pdrfajy;wrf; = vdkufwef;NAD;wrf;

opfyifay:pdrfajy;wrf;wpfrsdK; = 'Hk*smvdkufwrf;wkwfqD;brf; = atmifvlqdef;wrf;*Hknif;xdk;wrf; = 'dk;upyfMuwfawxkwfqD;ypfwrf; = cwfausmufoD;upyfwrf;zefckefwrf; = a'gif;ajymufckefwrf;pum;xm0Sufwrf; = yef;0Sufwrf;MuufO Oupm;wrf; = uGrf;oD;aumufwrf;bkwfrawmufwJh = i g;prf;wrf;trnf0Suf = ykPm;w&m;a[mwrf;pGefvTwfupm;wrf; = vDwHcGefwifMuwfawjcif;upm;wrf; = cvHk;cwfaw&TJupm;w,f = b'vHk;cwfawabmvHk;uefw,f = abmvHk;ausmufaw

7 07 07 07 07 06 96 96 96 96 9

&cdkifwGif a&S;u upm;Mu&m tykwfaoQ tykwfcscH&onfudk a&G;&efa&wGufyHkrSm-

wpfau? ESpfau? auvDauavmif? qifa*gif;? i&ayguf?awmufusm? armvm? yef;zJ yef;vm? Budrfrmc&m = >ywfaumuf? c&maumufc&m0dkif;wGif rIwfyavG = NyD&Snfbef*sdK = Aswfapmif;

f d d f f f 7 27 27 27 27 27 17 17 17 17 1


37/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef[dELpnftzGJU = a'gufua&mufukvm;bifc&mtzGJU = abbwDbm*sm&cdkifwGif oD;jcm;wl&d,mrsm;&Sd&m? txufazmfjyyg a0g[m&rsm;rSmvnf;

wdusEdkifrnf r[kwf[l xifrdygonf/

&cddkiftwD;trIwf wl&d,mrsm;rSm-

(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) aMu;jzifhvkyfaom wl&d,mrsm;aMu;jzifhvkyfaom wl&d,mrsm;aMu;jzifhvkyfaom wl&d,mrsm;aMu;jzifhvkyfaom wl&d,mrsm;aMu;jzifhvkyfaom wl&d,mrsm;cGufcGif;? pnf;pkyf? armif;? BuD;pnf? ywfwvm;/

(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) BudK;udk toHk;jyKaomwl&d,mrsm;BudK;udk toHk;jyKaomwl&d,mrsm;BudK;udk toHk;jyKaomwl&d,mrsm;BudK;udk toHk;jyKaomwl&d,mrsm;BudK;udk toHk;jyKaomwl&d,mrsm;apmif;? apmif;aumuf? tHk;rIwf? wa&m? aMumif&D? ? rD;ausmif;?'l;avmif;/

(3)(3)(3)(3)(3) om;a&Muuf wD;&aomwl&d,mrsm;om;a&Muuf wD;&aomwl&d,mrsm;om;a&Muuf wD;&aomwl&d,mrsm;om;a&Muuf wD;&aomwl&d,mrsm;om;a&Muuf wD;&aomwl&d,mrsm;wpfzufydwfpnf? ESpfzufydwfpnf? ajrmufpnf(A[dkpnf)? oHvGifpnf?rdk;pnf? pnfykwf? pnfBuD;(&Gef;pnf)? pnfyef;awmif;? pnf0ef;?

wzufpnf? ESpfzufpnf? pnf&Snf? pnftdkif(tdk;pnf)? 'kym? 'HkUrif;?ywfom('dk;ywf)? ywfr? AHkom? puGefY? yef;wsif;/(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) avESifhrIwfaom wl&d,mrsm;avESifhrIwfaom wl&d,mrsm;avESifhrIwfaom wl&d,mrsm;avESifhrIwfaom wl&d,mrsm;avESifhrIwfaom wl&d,mrsm;

c&maumuf? c&m>rm? >ywfaumuf? >ywf&Snf? Al;rIwf? vufwHwdk?vufwH&Snf? abm? nif;? NcDacgif;zufvdyf? ESJ? ckoGif;? yvGDausmf?0g;rIwf/

(5)(5)(5)(5)(5) vufckyfwl&d,mvufckyfwl&d,mvufckyfwl&d,mvufckyfwl&d,mvufckyfwl&d,m0g;vufckyf? opfvufckyf? vufnyfckyf? vufajymuf? vufckyf?vufMum;ckyf? ausmufvufckyf/

txufygtwdkif; ig;rsdK; ig;pm; &SdMuavonf/aw;rsm;ESifhywfouf &cdkifjrefrmrwlygojzifh &cdkifaw;oufoufudk

azmfjy vdkufygonf/Zrf;jcif;? aw;jcif;? tdkifjcif;? omjcif;? ewfjcif;? ywfjcif;? ,dkif;omjcif;?

yifhuljcif;? ipG,fjcif;? ywfwdkufewfjcif;? 'Hk;jcif;? odkif;jcif;? umjcif;? vGrf;jcif;?

7 27 27 27 27 27 17 17 17 17 1

tefjcif;? vHk;wD;vHk;wm;jcif;? arwmpm? taxmufpmjcif;? {jcif;? rPdOD;jynfhcs&wk? av;vHk;ydk'fpHk&wk? &uef? &Tef;vdkuf&wk? ysdKU? vuFm? armfuGef;? [efpDav?ompGav? NydKif;avmif;oHcsyf? &xm;oHcsyf? 'Hk;oHcsyf? usifpnfjcif;? &Sifpnfjcif;?bGJUoH? odkufpm? rSmwrf;? ewfoH? yoD;oH? avmif;avQmfoH? yef;wsif;jcif;? usdwfaujcif; (ay:wl*Dc&moHtvdkuf) Ak'ylZed,aw;jcif;/

tjciftwG,ftjciftwG,ftjciftwG,ftjciftwG,ftjciftwG,f

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd kif&cd ki f&cd kif&cd ki f&cd ki fwpfwif; = ESpfawmif;wpfjynf = ESpfodkuf (8 Al;)6-jynf = wpfawmif;(12 odkuf)

4-bl; = wpfodkuf (av;yGm;)&cdkifwGif jynf? wif; roHk;yg? wpfwif;onf &cdkifESpfawmif;ESifh ndrQonf/

ykvif;csdefykvif;csdefykvif;csdefykvif;csdefykvif;csdef(40d-om;udk tajccHygonf/)(40d-om;udk tajccHygonf/)(40d-om;udk tajccHygonf/)(40d-om;udk tajccHygonf/)(40d-om;udk tajccHygonf/)

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd kif&cd ki f&cd kif&cd ki f&cd ki f40 usyfom; = wpfykvif;

20 usyfom; = wpftm'g ( ykvif;)10 usyfom; = wpftm'D ( ykvif;)5 usyfom; = wpftmpdwf (1^8 ykvif;)2 usyfom; = wpftmjcrf;1 ydm = 2-ykvif;ESifh wpftm'g50 usyfom; = wpfykvif; wpftm'D

f d d f f f 7 47 47 47 47 47 37 37 37 37 3


38/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Teft"dutm;jzifh 40-usyfom;rSm wpfodkuf&S dusyfcs defudk tajccH

xm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/&cdkifwGif [oFmcsdef (a&TvD;)odkuf ydmcsdefudk ac:onf/ (Tical) a&Tcsdef

jzpfygonf/ aemufwpfrsdK;rSm tdEd,EdkifiHoHk; (Tola) aiGcsdef? &cdkifvdk Aufumodkuf[k ac:ygonf/

a&TvD; tav;csdefa&TvD; tav;csdefa&TvD; tav;csdefa&TvD; tav;csdefa&TvD; tav;csdef

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd kif2 usyfom; = yGmjcrf;5 usyfom; = yGmpdwf10 usyfom; = wpfyGm

20 usyfom; = odkufcGJ30 usyfom; = oHk;yGm40 usyfom; = wpfodkuf

wpfodkufwGif 40usyfom; owfrSwfonf/wpfodkufwGif 40usyfom; owfrSwfonf/wpfodkufwGif 40usyfom; owfrSwfonf/wpfodkufwGif 40usyfom; owfrSwfonf/wpfodkufwGif 40usyfom; owfrSwfonf/

ydmcsdefESifh udkufaomfydmcsdefESifh udkufaomfydmcsdefESifh udkufaomfydmcsdefESifh udkufaomfydmcsdefESifh udkufaomf

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd kifydmcGJ = wpfodkufwpfyGmwpfydm = 2-odkufcGJ[k qdkonf/ydmwpfyGm = 25 usyfom;ydmcGJ = 50 usyfom;

7 47 47 47 47 47 37 37 37 37 3

Aufumodkuf (aiGvD;)Aufumodkuf (aiGvD;)Aufumodkuf (aiGvD;)Aufumodkuf (aiGvD;)Aufumodkuf (aiGvD;)

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fwpfodkuf = 60 usyfom;

odkufcGJ = 30 usyfom;wpfyGm = 15 usyfom;yGmpdwf = 7 usyfom;

Aufum 2-odkuf? wpfaygifESif h nDrQonf/Aufum 2-odkuf? wpfaygifESif h nDrQonf/Aufum 2-odkuf? wpfaygifESif h nDrQonf/Aufum 2-odkuf? wpfaygifESif h nDrQonf/Aufum 2-odkuf? wpfaygifESif h nDrQonf/a&TvD;wpfydmwGif AufumodkufESifh wpfodkufoHk;yGm (1 ) &Sdygonf/

Aufumodkuf? yGm? tm'g? tm'Dqdkaompum;rSm tdEd,a0g[m&rsm;rS qif;oufvmjcif;yif jzpfonf/

aiGaMu;toHk;tEIef;rsm;aiGaMu;toHk;tEIef;rsm;aiGaMu;toHk;tEIef;rsm;aiGaMu;toHk;tEIef;rsm;aiGaMu;toHk;tEIef;rsm;a&S;acwf a


39/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;TefrlcGJ = 1320&cdkifaiGwpfusyf = 2640-


40/83



aiGaMu;ESifhywfoufaiGaMu;ESifhywfoufaiGaMu;ESifhywfoufaiGaMu;ESifhywfoufaiGaMu;ESifhywfouftac:ta0:rsm;rSmtac:ta0:rsm;rSmtac:ta0:rsm;rSmtac:ta0:rsm;rSmtac:ta0:rsm;rSm


aMu;aiGOpm = wuFm;yGDoma&T'*Fg; = aygifcwfaiGpif'*Fg = aiGom;wuFm;aiGpuL = wuFm;puLaiGwpfusyf = aiGwpfjym;? aiGwpfcsyfusyfwef = aiG


41/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef,aeY&cdkifpum;wGif ,if;wdkYeD;pyfonfhpum;rsm; Zmavmuf0ifa&mufae

NyDqdkonfudk &cdkifpum;pmpOfi,fwGif rjzpfpavmufaom a0g[m&tenf;i,fESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfhaomfrS awGU&SdEdkifMuayvdrfhrnf/

,if;tjyif &cdkifpum;tppfrsm;jzpfaom ]]rGJvdkYjymcsD;usavcAsm,f}}]]wqwfqwf yifxufajcmufvma&}} ]]vDwiwf&m[dAsm,f}} ]]qyGwfBuD;}} ponfjzifh wifpm;ajymqdkavh&Sdaomfvnf; udk,fhpum;t"dym,fudk udk,frodMuay/ tydk'f(12)wGif tenf;tusOf; &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;&dSygonf/

]]bif;usDrSm wpfcgazmuf usDusoda&}} qdkaom tdEd,pum;rS qif;oufvmaom a0g[m&rsm;vnf; trsm;&Sdygao;onf/ tdEd,pum;rS qif;oufvmonfqdkjcif;rSm a&S;acwf &cdkifrsdK;EG,fqufESifh EG,fqufvsuf qif;oufvmaompum;&yfrsm;udk rqdkvdkyg/ aESmif;umvwGif txl;ojzifh wpfcsdefu &cdkifjynfe,fjzpfcJhaom b*Fvm;e,frS b*FgvDpum;rsm;rS qif;oufvmaom a0g[m&rsm;udk qdkjcif;yif jzpfonf/

wpfenf;qdku a&S;r*"wdkif;rS EG,fquf0ifvmaom rsdK;EG,fESifh qufpyf

aeonfh pum;&yfrsm;udk rqdkvdkyg/ ,if;pum;wdkYrSm a&S;ayg&Ppum;wdkYyifjzpfygonf/

(7) &cdkifaeYpOfajym pum;quf?(7) &cdkifaeYpOfajym pum;quf?(7) &cdkifaeYpOfajym pum;quf?(7) &cdkifaeYpOfajym pum;quf?(7) &cdkifaeYpOfajym pum;quf?pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;

aeYpOfoHk;pum;rsm;udk wifjy&mwGif txl;ojzifh jrefrmbmomjzifh

tajym tqdkrsm;wGif cRwf,Gif;vTJrSm;rIrsm; &SdEdkifygonf/ odkY rSm;,Gif;cRwfacsmfrIrsm; awGUcJhygu? tjypfudk a&SUIrxm;MubJ wwftm;orQ jyKjyifpDppfMuvsuf?oufqdkif&m r*Zif;pmapmifrsm;wGif tjyKoabmjzifh wifjyMuapvdkygonf/pmjyKpkolxHodkY wdkufdkufwifjy tMuHPfrsm; ay;yguvnf; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdygrnf/

8 08 08 08 08 07 97 97 97 97 9

pum;ajymrsm;rSm wpfjynfwpfe,fwnf;rSmyif a'oE&pum;rsm;&SdaMumif; txuftcef;rsm;wGifvnf; wifjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ pmjyKpkolrSmt0ppfawGbufrS &cdkifom;wpfOD;jzpfaeyg ,if;t0ppfawGbuf tawG;tac:ta0: a0g[m&rsm;? aeYpOfajympum;rsm;? pum;pk? pum;quf? pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;t& wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf wwftm;orQ avhvm&&Sdaoma'oE&ajympum;rsm;udk tenf;tusOf;od&SdEdkif&ef azmfjy xm;&Sdygonf/

a0g[m&tac:ta0:rsm;taejzif hvnf; wpf& Gmwpfy k' fqef;?wpfausmif; w*gxmqdkbdouJhodkY a'owpfckwnf;rSmyif awmwGif;wpfrsdK;?NrdKUay:wGif wpfrsdK;ac:onfrsm; &Sdygao;onf/ ,if;aMumifh pmapmifwGifyg&Sdaom a0g[m&rsm;[k yHkaor,lMuapvdkyg/

t0buf &cdkifom;rsm; ajymqdkaompum;udk tajccHxm; a&;om;cJhjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf oHk;yHkav;yHkcefYrQum; wlnD&Sdaeygvdrfhrnf/ aeYpOfajym a0g[m&rsm;ESifh pum;pkrsm;udk tu&mpOfvdkuf razmfjyrD OD;pGmajymavhajymx&SdMuaom &cdkifpum;quf? pum;pyf? pum;owfrsm;udk tenf;i,f

wifjyygrnf/

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fodkYaomf = a*vJhNyD; = Asm,f? ,mwdkY = dkUpdk Y = arbm = ZmrS = auwnf; = wJ;w,f = a&? ,ifvdk? uJhokdY = ydkifESifh = eefYowJh = vwf

f d d f f f 8 28 28 28 28 28 18 18 18 18 1


42/83


toQifpudE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tefodyf = uaumif;bmvJ = avcsifhygw,f = yg,ifh? yg,efY'Dvdk? odkY = atydkif? a'ydkif[dkodkU? xdkodkY = ,if;ydkif? ,ef;ydkifawmfNyD = wefAsm,fwefawmh = wefzdawmfpdkY = wefuwfarwu,fvm; = ta*gifha*gifhvm;uJhodkY = atcsifhydkif? atydkifaoQmifxHrS = Aufu? Awfu? yg;ub,fvdk = baZmif? tapmfb,fhES,f = Zmydkif? tapmfydkiftJaygh = atrem;a,? atrawmif

aew,f = edefa& 'gayrJh = a,a*vJhaomh? a,'gavh[kwfuJh = [kwfyg,ifh? [kwfyg,efYMur,f? MupdkY = uwfar? Muwfarao;w,f = ,ifhvm;? ,efYvm;bmvJ = ZmvJ? ZmcsifhvJNyD;NyD = NyD;aAQmuf? yD;,mNyD;vQif = NyD;a*? yD;a*

NyD;vm; = aAsmufvm;? ,mvm;odkYr[kwf = r[kwfauvJhodkYaemuf = atNyD;a*? ,if;NyD;a*qdkouJhodkY = qdka&ydkif? qdka&aoQmifr[kwfbl; = t[ifh? t[HkU

8 28 28 28 28 28 18 18 18 18 1

vSJUyg = cvdkufr[kwfvQif = rom*ga*r[kwfrSvGJa&m = r[kwfa*eDvDzdwpfcgwnf;ESifh = attwdkif;eefY

NyD;udk t0ppfawGbufwGif (aAsmuf) ? ausmufjzL? &rf;NAJbufwGif (,m)?

Oyrm = pm;NyD;udk? pm;aAsmwf? pm;,m[k oHk;onf/ppfawGt0buf (i)owfoHudk? ausmufjzL? &rf;NAJbufwGif(e) owfoH

ajym onf/ Oyrm= ccifrrif (ccefrref)? ,if;csifh (,ef;csifh ,ef[m)? xrif;(xref;)/

ppfawGt0bufwGif cvdkufxnfh ajymqdkrI&Sdonf/ Oyrm- aevmyg(edefygcvdkuf)? pm;vmyg (pm;ygcvdkuf)? cvdkufrSm bdwfac:oHjzpfonf/ ppfawGt0bufwGif &Sdudk [dudk ,Sd[k toHk;rsm;aeaomfvnf; &rf;NAJ? ausmufjzLbufwGif[d[kyif oHk;EIef;wkef; &Sdaeao;onf/

ausmufjzLbufwGif igr[kwf ponfjzifh r[kwftoHk;EIef;vnf; ajymdk;&Sdonf/ t0ppfawGbufwGif (a-mifh)oHudk (watifhaoQ)? (a'gifh)? (apmifh)wdkYudkacsmif;zsm;&yfESifh ausmufjzL? &rf;NAJ? rmefatmife,frsm;wGif (KefU)[k (pmtkyfaoQ)('kefY)(-KefY)[l ajymavh&SdMuygonf/

t0ppfawGbufu Zmudk? ausmufjzLbufwGif pm? tapmfvJudk a&mif[kajymavh&SdMuygonf/ Oyrm- tapmfa&mif? pmvJ? pmav;av? tapmfvm;a&mif/taemufjynf&Sd &cdkifrsm;ESifh ta&SUjrefrmjynf ykodrf? armf'ifwpf0dkuf&Sd &cdkifwdkYajympum;rsm;rSm t0ppfawGbufESifh wlygonf/ oHwGJ? awmifukwf? trf;? 'vuf?*Gponfh a'orsm;rSm vlrsm;rSm jrefrmpum;wdkYudk ,drf;,drf;ajym Muaomfvnf;wpfOD;pum;udk wpfOD;u vG,fvG,fESifh em;vnfrI&SdMuygonf/

f d d f f f 8 48 48 48 48 48 38 38 38 38 3


43/83


toQipuE &cdkifbmompum;vrf;Tef

OD;a&tenf;trsm;tvdkufOD;a&tenf;trsm;tvdkufOD;a&tenf;trsm;tvdkufOD;a&tenf;trsm;tvdkufOD;a&tenf;trsm;tvdkufajymqdkaompum;rsm;ajymqdkaompum;rsm;ajymqdkaompum;rsm;ajymqdkaompum;rsm;ajymqdkaompum;rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki fwd&dpmefwpftkyf = wpf&GDvlwpfpk = vlwpfusdKifig;tkyf = ig;usdKifopfoD;wpfcdkif = toD;wpf>ywftcdkifcdki f = t>ywf>ywfaiGom;'*Fg;tpDvdkuf = tpGufvdkufttkyfvdkuf = t&GDvdkuftrsm; = wdtenf; = aoQ

trsm;tjym; = ruefr0SefwpfoDwpfwef; = rqHk;wef;yef;wpfoDwpfuHk; = yef;wpfodefIrqHk;? MunfhrqHk; = rsufpdwpfoDtvGefYtvGefrsm; jym;onf = y dwud k;odef;tpnf;ta0; = rdwfwdef&GmvHk;uRwf = &Gm[Hk? &Gmjywf? &GmvHk;csHKNrdKUvHk;uRwf = NrdKU[Hk? NrdKUjywf? NrdKUvHk;csHK

olwdkY = oldkUigwdkY = igdkUuRefawmfwdkY = uRefawmfdkU? tuRefdkUxdk[mawGudk = ,if;csifhwdudkMu = Muuf? u? Muwf (vm;Muwf)

8 48 48 48 48 48 38 38 38 38 3

tcdkifudk iSufaysmoD;? tkef;oD;? uGrf;oD;wdkY oHk;onf/ (tkef;oD;wpfcdkif)>ywfodwfoD;aom opfoD;rsm;udkum; t>ywfvdkuf oHk;onf/Oyrm- o&ufoD;wpf>ywf (o&ufoD;wpfcdkif)Oyrm- o&ufoD;wpf>ywf (o&ufoD;wpfcdkif)Oyrm- o&ufoD;wpf>ywf (o&ufoD;wpfcdkif)Oyrm- o&ufoD;wpf>ywf (o&ufoD;wpfcdkif)Oyrm- o&ufoD;wpf>ywf (o&ufoD;wpfcdkif)

(*) c&D;tuGmta0;? ae&mXme?(*) c&D;tuGmta0;? ae&mXme?(*) c&D;tuGmta0;? ae&mXme?(*) c&D;tuGmta0;? ae&mXme?(*) c&D;tuGmta0;? ae&mXme?

wnfae&m ponfwdk Yudk Tefaomwnfae&m ponfwdk Yudk Tefaomwnfae&m ponfwdk Yudk Tefaomwnfae&m ponfwdk Yudk Tefaomwnfae&m ponfwdk Yudk Tefaoma0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;a0g[m&rsm;

jrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrmjrefrm &cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki f&cd ki feD;w,f = yg;a& teD;rSm = tyg;rSm? tem;rSmeD;eD;av;? teD;uav; = tem;aoQ? tyg;aoQ

teD;uyfvdkY = wyfwufuyfvdkY? [yfywdaoQta0;rSm = t0D;rSmtawmfa0;w,f = tifwef0D;a& odyfa0;w,f = t0D;BuD;tvGefa0;w,f = ua*gif0D;a& reD;ra0; = r0D;ryg;tay:rSm = txufrSmtay:xyf = txufqifh

txJrSm = twGif;rSmtxJbuf = twGif;bufwpfaxmufa0;w,f = wpfjyifoef;0D;a&wpfac:avmuf = cGD;wpfa[miftvGefjrifhw,f = toQLwpf&mjrif ha&

(a&teufudkvnf;oHk;onf)

toQifpudE d f f f 8 68 68 68 68 68 58 58 58 58 5


44/83


toQipuE &cdkibmompum;vr;TecJwpfypfavmuf = vufcwfwpfydkufpmrsufESmcsif;qdkif = &Sdqdkifab;csif;uyfvdkY = xufyufuyfvdkYrsufapmif;xdk; = ZvG,fodkif;wpfwef;wnf; = wpfavQmufwJhoHk;yGifqdkif = cGifcawmufqdkif

cGifawmufaqmufwnfhwnfhrwfrwf = yajymifh? yajymifhooufauGUauGUaumufaumuf = aumufvDaumufavmufwpfvrf;tuGm = wpfvrf;jcm;wpfaqmiftuGm = wpftdrfjcm;ab;csif;,SOf = eHcsif;NydKifvdkYaeYcsif;a&mufw,f = &ufcsif;aygufawaeYcsif;jyef = &ufcsif;jyef

wpfaeYc&D; = wpf&ufc&dwfwpfnc&D; = wpfnOfhc&dwfwpfzufrSm = eHab;rSma&aMumif;c&D; = &Dvrf;ukef;vrf;c&D; = awmifaMumif;? ukef;aMumif;awmvrf;c&D; = awmaMumif;? awmifavQ

rakhinebartharsakarrlennhnyun

Documents