rakhineyinkyaehmumyarr_8

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    3 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    &ck dif ,Of aus;rI&ck dif ,Of aus;rI&ck dif ,Of aus;rI&ck dif ,Of aus;rI&ck dif ,Of aus;rItrSwf (8) trSwf (8) trSwf (8) trSwf (8) trSwf (8)

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    4 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    toQif pu dE\ &ck dif,Of aus;rIrsm;toQif pu dE\ &ck dif ,Ofaus;rIrsm;toQif pu dE\ &ck dif,Of aus;rIrsm;toQif pu dE\ &ck dif ,Ofaus;rIrsm;toQif pudE\ &ck dif ,Of aus;rIrsm;

    rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumpOfpOfpOfpOfpOf taMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&mtaMumif;t&m pmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESmpmrsufESm

    1/ trwfBuD; usD;k davQmufxk H; 22/ rif;&mZmBuD;trdefYawmfjyefwrf; 53/ u0dAEusrf; 94/ aoGz,faom omoema&; 165/ &mrkESihf&ifilawmf 206/ ya0Pdu "rowfvm jzwfxk H;vT m 25

    7/ a0omvDacwf Ak'omoem 328/ a0omvDacwf '*Fg;rsm; 369/ q&mxGef;\ pmaypm&if; 39

    10/ &ckdifrif;acwf ouf&ckdifjzpf&yfrsm; 4311/ &ckdif&mZ0iftqkd vrkacsmif;q&mausmfrnf 5012/ jrcufa&mifk d Y wef;vGJNrdKU vlwkd Ypnf;a0; rif;ausmfaxG; 5413/ &rmomxl;*kPfa&mifjrL; 5714/ "n0wD&mZ0ifopfusrf;jyK(OD;y@dwmvuFm&) 6115/ uifyGef;wyfESihf ykcufwifr*Fvm "avhwHxGmrsm; 63

    16/ &ckdif&SifjyK"avhESihf &wkqkdyG J 6817/ &rf;NAJOD;pHwif\ &ckdifNrdKUwnfjcif;&mZ0ifvuFm 718/ oHwGJNrdKUu0dom&*kdPf;tkyfq&mawmf 7919/ &ck difta&GU*Dw tuZmpfkd; rysuf&ef 8120/ &ckdifukd,fcHpGrf;&nfrsm; 8421/ tvGrf;pm 9422/ tOe'Dav;NrdKUacwf NrdKUjyxD;eef;rsm; 9523/ tOe'D pmyef;csD 10024/ r,fkd Uyef&m uAsmwd 10525/ bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fokH;q,fhwzk Hkyfpk HapwD 11226/ &ckdiftaemufykdif;a'oe,fy,f 115

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    5 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    trwf BuD;trwf BuD;trwf BuD;trwf BuD;trwf BuD;usD;k davQmuf xk H;usD;k davQmuf xk H;usD;k davQmuf xk H;usD;k davQmuf xk H;usD;k davQmuf xk H;

    toQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dE

    olawmfaumif;tusif htBuHtajymtqk duk dvlrk dufBudKufNrJxk H;r&S d? ynm&S dpum;uk dynm&S dolrSBudKufayonf/ olrk duf

    rsm;vnf; olrk duftcsif;csif; uk dufnDayonf/

    trwfBuD;usD;kdonf trwfBuD; r[mynmausmf\om;jzpfavonf/ usD;kdonf crnuG,fvGefNyD;aemuf&ckdifrif;&mZmBuD;vufxufwGiftz&mxl;ukdqufcHcJh&avonf/

    ]]trwfawmf r[maZ,sodef}}r[maZ,sodef}}r[maZ,sodef}}r[maZ,sodef}}r[maZ,sodef}} [lvnf ;aumif;? ud k,f&HBuD;twGif;rSL; usD;k d[lvnf ;aumif;? ynm0Hotrnf bGJ Yay;vnf;aumif;? ppfwaumif;NrdKUukdpm;aus;ay;awmfrlcJhavonf}}

    r[maZ,sodeftrwf BuD;onf rif;&mZmBuD;vufxuf trIawmfxrf;pOfrif;a&;rif;&m? jynfa&;jynf&m?rSL;rwfa&;&mwk d YESih fywfouf bk&ifrif; ar;jref;cJ horQwk d Yuk dajzqk day;cJ h&avonf/ bk&ifrif;vnf; BudKufESpfoufawmfrl ok d YtrdefYawmf&S dcJ hzl;avonf /

    ]]uk d,f&HBuD; r[maZ,sodefbD? ab;? bk d;? b? r[mynmausmfwk d Yonf trsKd;apmih faomw&m;NrJtk d;rysuf xD;eef;rif;qufrsm;pGm ynm&S dr[momv trsKd;rSefonf/ qifua&Tjynf? a&TuGrf;csyf? pD;avSou'gef? trkd;aygif;jzL? aqmif;xD;ouvyfeD? a&TxGwf? axG;cHa&Ta&mif? xrf;pifyxGufpnf0ifpnf? a&S;aqmifa&Tok dif;ES Spfpif; aeumaiGykpGefcHG? aAmif;a&TMumcsyfwpfq,fhig;? em;axmif;a&TMumik H? ywjrm;xdyfwyf? tdrfvufxD;uk d;aqmif? avSum;ig;pif;? vufwifa&Tjynf? r,m;rS mvnf; ,cif xdyfOD;a&TMumyGifhwpfq,fhig; ay;awmfrlonf/}}

    xk d Yjyifrif;&mZmBuD; trdef Yawmfynwfcsuf ]]twGif;rIESih fqk diforQ uk dtwGif;trwfvuf0Jjrefvuf,mjrefwk d Yrvpf[if ;ap&/ pD&if/ uk d,f&HBuD;trwf oG m;vmvQifa&S Uaqmifa&Tok dif; vuf0Jvuf,m ESpfpif;?oif;rSL;&Spfa,muf? aAmif;eDESihf,yfuk dif a&S Uuvk dufap? armif;c&m pnfwD;rIwfap? twGif;awmftrSL;trwfvuf0Jjref? vuf,mjrefwk d YESpfa,mufrS m vuf0Jvuf,mok dif;ESpfpif; ESih farmif;c&maqmifap/ a&S Uxk H;pH&S donf htwk dif;t,kwfrvGefap&}}[l rif;&mZm pmwrf;ac: rif;&mZmBuD; ta&;awmfyk H jyqkdxm;avonf/

    azmfjyygtrwfBuD; uk d,f&HBuD;aZ,sodef\ avQmufxm;csufwk d YwGifavmuDa&;omr[kwf? avmukw&ma&;vnf; avQmufxm;csufawGUEk dif\/ txl ;ojzih f usrf;*efyd#upmayuk dvnf; wwfuRrf;vdr monftavsmuf0g'a&;&mwk d Y qk H;jzwfcJ hjcif;rsm;uk dyg awG Y&ayonf/ usD;k d\ avQmufxm;csuf ]]ykxkZOfwk d YjyKvkyfMuaom usrf;pmwk d Yonf orK'ukape=bk&m;&efol? tjypfu omxk dufav&monf/ xk d YaMumih fjrwfpG mbk&m;pum;awmf&if;uk da&G;ppfoef Y&Sif; tu &mwifxm; jyKpkEk difvQiftusKd;jrif hjrwfygrnf? t&Sifrif;jrwf}} [kavQmufxm; jyKcJhzl;avonf /

    Oyrmqk d&aomfrif;&mZmBuD; [Hom0wDyJcl;NrdKUu ,lcJ haom usrf;pmwk d Yonf tausmftapm tvk d&S daom&Sifqk d; vlqk d;wk dYjyKaompmvnf;yg&Sdonf/vufckyfyGifhESihfuwk d;uk d twlxm;av&m vufckyfyGihfteH YaMumihfuwk d;ysufcJ h&ouJ ho d k Ybk&m;pum;awmf&if;? 0denf;ig;usrf;? okwfok H;usrf;? tbd"r mckepfusrf;?ysufpD;av&monf/

    vkyfw&m;rsm;ESih fjyKvkyfonf husrf;pmwkd Yuk d uk d,f&HBuD;trwfaZ,sodefu ukefpifatmifodrf; "romrdq&mawmfESih f zwfemMunh fIavonf /

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    6 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\xk daemufbk&m;y&dedA mefjyKNyD;aemuf]]ol&d,m"dywd}}rif;oef Y&Sif;& xm;awmfrlcJ haom yd#uusrf; txGuf

    twk dif;vnf;aumif;? oD[k dVfrS]]'o&mZmrif;? iESvk H;rif;? rif;xD;}}wk d Yvufxuf ul;,lcJ honf htwk dif;vnf;aumif;?&S d&if;yPmrokwfESihful;,lcJhaom yPmrokwfonf rxl;rjcm; wpfoHwnf;xGufonf/

    ,ckyJcl;u,l vmaom usrf;pmrsm;rS m xk dyPmrokwftxGufESih frnD? uG JvT Jonf? o*F g,emwift0if usrf;

    r[kwf/ aemufjyKvkyfonf husrf;pmrsm;jzpfonf/ bk&m;a[mawmfrl&if; pum;awmfESih fqef YusifbufygorQuk dEkwf bk&m;pum; awmfrl&if;ukdtu&moD;oefYxm;&S donf/rif;&Jb,om;awmfvuf,mrif;eefuk dyk*HrS&ck difok d Yeef;wifvmcJ hMuonf/ xk dtcg ysL rGef&[ef;wk d Y

    vma&mufaxG;,Sufa&maESmav&mum; omoemawmfa&; arS;rS def *gr0goDtvZ D&[ef;wk d Yay:xifvmcJ h& avonf / xk dtcg 'o&mZmrif;vufxufwGifwpfBudrfppfaq; &Sif;vif;cJh&avonf/ xkdaemuf iESvkH;rif;vufxuf ta&mufwGif wpfBudrfomoema&;uk d&Sif;vif;ppfaq;cJ h&avonf/ xk daemufrif;xD;vufxufta&S UoufrsKd;rif;vQifapmuk dwk dufck dufcJ h&pOfac:,l cJ haom ouf&[ef;(200)ausmfyg&S davonf / &[ef;wk d YESih faxG;,Suf&Sdvmaomtcg omoemawmfuk drId;EGrf;ap&ef oD;oefYxm;ay;cJ h&avonf/

    rif;AmBuD;vufxuf b*F g 12 NrdKUuk dodrf;yk duf jyefa&mufawmfrlcJ haomfomoemawmfa&;uk dppfaq;&Sif;vif;awmfrlcJhavonf / *gr0goDtvZ D&[ef; t&[HjzLonfouf? urf;&H rGef]]12000}}&onf/ &Sifa,mifwk d Yuk dqifxdef;? jrif;xdef;? 0if;av;rsufESm? v,fawmfvkyftpkrsm;rS m jznhfawmfrlonf/ ynm&S dwpfa,muftodOmPfuk dolrk duftrsm; jrifEk difrnfr[kwf/ raemykA*Frm"ar m}} bk&m;pum;awmfvmonf htwk dif; pdwfESvk H;rS mom rlvt&if;jzpfonf/ olawmfaumif;tusif htBuHtajymtqk duk dolrk dufBudKufNrJxk H;r&S d/ ynm&S dpum;uk dynm&S dolrSBudKufavonf / olrk dufrsm;vnf; olrk dufcsif;csif; BudKufnDavonf /

    rif;&mZmBuD; yJcl;uk dcsDwufawmfrlck duf Ek difiHawmfwGifa&S;xkH;Oya'ysufESihf&S davonf/ jyefawmfrlNyD;rSyifvQiftrdef Yawmfjyefwrf; tmPmxm;awmfrlcJ h&avonf/ xk dtcgrSomvQifNidrf0yfcJ hMu&avonf/ taMumif;um; *gr0goDyG Jausmif; &[ef;wk d Yuk drif;tcsD;tajr mufuk dcHvk donf/ xk d YaMumih fwpfOD;ESih fwpfOD; NidKjiifjcif;jzpfvmcJ h&avonf/ yGJausmif;&[ef;wkd Yu vSL&aomypnf;a&mif; Op mqnf;yl;aMumif;? &Gmolwkd YESihf a&maES m[if;cGufurf;vSrf;aMumif;? &G molOp mypnf;uk d ttyftES HvufcHaMumif; jyKcJ hMuonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukdbk&ifrif;u odawmfrlav Ek difiHawmftwGif; *gr0goD&G molwk d YESih fa&maES maeonf/ tvZ D&Sifa,mifwk d Yuk duk d,f&HBuD;r[maZ,sodefu odrf;vuf0J? vuf,mwk d YwGif jcaoFhkyfxk d;vsuf ud k,f&Hoif;rSm jznf havonf / t&n0goDoHCmawmfjrwfwk d YrS m wdpD0&dwfaqmufwnfawmfrlNrJNidrf0yfpG m oDwif;ok H;awmfrlMuap[l qk H;jzwfcJ havonf /

    &ck dif&mZ0ifwGiftvZ D&[ef; rsm;jym;vmcJ h&jcif;uk dtrwf BuD;usD;k d\ a&;om;qufoGif;aom rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;wGifazmfjycsufawG UEk dif\/ tusOf;jy&aomfplVpE&m;rif;onf waumif;oif;wG Jjynftjyefa&epfvGefawmfrlpOf rif;rJhjzpfaeaomtcg NrdKvlrsKd;om;tzokH;OD; rif;rlcJhMuavonf/I d;i,f &S donftwGif; tvZ DyG Jausmif; &[ef;wk d YvufaqmifyP mquf omemuG,fcJ h&mum; rif;tvZ D?trwftvZ Dwk d Yrsm;jym;vmcJ hMuavonf/ xk dtcg ynm&S drSL;rwf? olaX;tk d;trsKd;wk d Yvnf; plVwOE&m; rif;\nDawmfoD&d0H oae&m? uHomy#du,m;NrdKUok d Ycsnf; vT Jajymif;aecJ hMuavonf/ xkdNrdKUrif;yJjzLuk dirif; iwk H;(apma&Tvl;)vkyfBuHcJhNyD;rSyif rif;kd;rysufxD;eef;pkd;pHEkdifvmcJhavonf/

    wpfzefyk*HNrdKUom&rGefrif;u rvGefpm; &mZmausmfuk d&Sifa,mifjyK vTwfavojzih f*gr0goDtvZ D&[ef;wk d Yyl;aygif; rSL;rwfrk dufwk d Ytm; rif;xHyP maMu;aiGqufoGif;avonf / bk&ifvnf; rS m; vk dufemavaomaMumih f omoemawmfa&; EGrf;e,fcJ h&avonf/ irif;? iwk H;rif;k d; 6quf? pE molrif; vufxufwk difMumcJ honf/ wpfzefpEolrif;aemuf9quf? rif;apmvufxufvnf; ta&;awmfyk Hay:vmcJ havonf /

    ]]tpG,facgacg rif;apmyk*Hqef;vwHY}} [lokdufpmxGuf&Sdaeonfhtavsmuf y,Mwmwwf? tvZD bm;wpfvkH;&Sifa,mifukd apvTwfcJhavonf/ rif;apmonf omoe&Sif;vif;awmfrlonf twGif; tvZ D&[ef;wk d YESih fbm;wpfvk H;wk d Yaygif;NyD;aomfrif;apmuk d,MwmjyKcJ hMuavonf/rif;apmao rif;apmom;awmf]]rif;ukvm;}} eef;wufaomtcg bm;wpfvk H; a&S mifajy;cJ havonf / &ck difNrdKUwGif

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    7 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\tvZ D&Sifa,mifwk d Yuk dtukefodrf; usKH;&orQwk d YrS]]1500}}uk dr[mrkedbk&m;rS m vSLonf/ jruf&dwf? qifxdef;?jrif;xdef;tpkrS m 2000? 0if;av;rsufES mrS m 2000? v,fawmfvkyfvrk dif;rS m 3000 toD;oD;jznf hawmfrlonf/xk d Yaemuft&n0goDoHCmawmfjrwfuk d&S maomf upye'Djrpfnm? Ow&oBuFefNrdKUawmifawmrS m oDwif;ok H;aeaom wdpD0&dufaqmifrkedok"rmq&mawmfESih foHCm(25)yg;uk d&&S dcJ havonf / yif hac:vsufNrdKUta&S Ubuf

    ]]2000}}uG m rd*yAwawmifwGif oDwif;ok H;aeap onf/ xkd YaemufrSL;rwfwk dYuk dvnf; a&G;cs,fvsuf ynmt&nftcsif;tavsmuf ajrmufjrifhawmfrlonf/ jynfolwkdYvnf; udk,fusifhw&m; xdef;vomoemawmfyGif hvif;pnfyifvmcJ havonf / wk dif;jynfom,m? rSL;aumif;rwfaumif;wk dYvnf; xGef;um;vmcJh&avownf;/

    ukd;um;ukd;um;ukd;um;ukd;um;ukd;um;===== rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;rif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;t&Sif pu dE(&ck dif jynf e,f ) t&Sif pu dE(&ck dif jynf e,f ) t&Sif pu dE(&ck dif jynf e,f ) t&Sif pu dE(&ck dif jynf e,f ) t&Sif pu dE(&ck dif jynf e,f )

    "r&udwpmapmif? ausmufjzLNrdK2001-ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvxkwf

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    8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    rif ;&mZmBuD;rif;&mZmBuD;rif ;&mZmBuD;rif;&mZmBuD;rif ;&mZmBuD;trdef Y awmf jyef wrf ;trdef Y awmf jyef wrf ;trdef Y awmf jyef wrf ;trdef Y awmf jyef wrf ;trdef Y awmf jyef wrf ;

    toQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dEtoQif pu dEajrmufOD;a&Teef;&Sif bk&ifrif;&mZmBuD;onf aumZmoMupf955 wGifxD;eef;ukd pkd;pHcJh&avonf/

    owk d;"r&mZm trnf&S dcJ haomfvnf; rif;wufaomtcg e&m"dywd [laombG J Yawmfuk dcH,lcJ havonf / awmifilrif;\ tul tnDawmif;cHcsuft& oMupf959 ckESpfwGif[Hom0wDyJcl;ok d YcsDwufcJ h&avonf/ udpNyD;pD;aomfaumZm 960 wGifaejynfawmfok d YjyefawmfrlcJ havonf / &&S dvmaom qifjzLawmfuk dc&D;pOft& ,l aqmifcJ h&mXmersm;uk dtpG JjyK qifjzLwif? qifjzLwHcg;[l trnf wyfum rSnh fac:&S daeao;onf/

    yJcl;rStjyef vrf;c&D;armfwifwGif trwfBuD;r[mynmausmf(850-960) aovGefcJhojzih f trwf BuD;\om;awmfa&mifjzLNrdKUpm;usD;k duk dtm; ynm0HobG J Yuk dcsD;ajr mufcH&NyD; trwfBuD;pm;aMu;&cJ haom ppfwaumif;

    ukdyg pm;aMu;cH&aom trwfBuD;jzpfvmcJh&avonf/trwf BuD; ynm0Hovuf xuf rif;&mZmBuD;\ om;awmfrif;carmif;uk dit*F gu zrf;xm;cJ havojzihfcsDwufwkdufzsufap&eftoih fpDpOf&S daeonf/ xk dtcg trwf BuD;u qk dif;iH hapvsuf&efolYvufrSvTwf&efvSnh fzsm;om ,loih fonf[kavQmufxm;cJ havonf / xk daMumih fvdr m&nf&S daom uHompm;trwf\ om; twGif;ok H;aZ,Akdvfuk dapvTwf yk dYquf&&SdcJ havonf/

    yJcl;rS&&S dvmaom qifjzLawmfuk dtaMumif;jyK aumZm 963 ckESpfwGif'kwd,tBudrftjzpf aiG'*F g;cwfES dyfxkwfa0cJ havonf/ xk d'*F g;wGif 963 qifjzLoQif e&m"dywdaqmvdyfoQm[l cwfES dyfyg&S davonf/yxrtBudrf eef;wufckESpfwGif xkwfa0aom '*F g;wGifum; e&m"dywdaqmvdyfoQm 955 [l cwfES dyfyg&S davonf /

    trwf BuD; ynm0Hovufxuf om;awmf rif;carmif;onf oHwG Jok d Ybk&m; zl;c&Harmif;r 300? ,k d;',m; tdrfaxmifpk3000? rGeftdrfaxmifpk 30000?aygif; vlaygif; 33000)wkdYtm; tpkdYtpkrSm jznhfxm;c haomfvnf; rNidrfrouf ojzih f xyfzG JY&onf/

    yJcl;uk dppfcsDNyD; ok H;ESpftMumwGifjynfwGif; &[ef;tvZ D*gr0goD? yG Jausmif;&[ef;wk d Yrsm;jym;vmonf/if;wk d Yonf &G molwk d YESihfvk dufzufoih fpGm [l;&m;? aA'if? aq;0g;? rE mef? vufzG JY? tif;tk difrsm;ukdavhvmoifMum;Muavonf/ yG Jvrf;obif aysmf&TifrIrsm;uk djyKvkyfcJ hMuonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;uk dvkyfBuHzefwD;a[majymvmcJhMuavonf/

    tpk d YtpktrI rf;om; vlwk d YESih ftonf om;wk d Ya&maES mvsuf&S daeMuonf/ ykP m;rS mvnf; bdodufawmfqufjArPwk d YESih f? apmif;wD? pE D? [krf;ewf? r[m ydE J? [l;&m;? yef;wifykP m; axG;,Sufvsuf&S daeMuonf/ ,if ;tjzpfuk drif;&mZmBuD;u trdef YawmftmPmxkwf xdef;uGyfcJ h&avonf/ rif;\trd ef YtmPmawmfonf a&S;a&S;u&ck difrif;wk d Y\ tmPmawmfuk dyifvk dufemapjcif; jzpfavonf / a&S;urif;wk d Yonf trdef YtmPmuk d&yf&G mwk dif;ok d Y

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\pm;aus;olBuD;wk d YrSwqif hxkwfjyefodapcJ honfqk d\/ tcsKd UrS m urnf;ausmufpmwk difpkduf aMumfjimxm;onf hoabmxm;&SdcJ hMuonfqk d\/

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    vk dufemap&efxkwfjyefcJ haom tmPmawmfyifjzpfacsonf/ trd ef Yawmfuk drif;&mZmBuD;onf trdef Yxm;apvsufrSL;rwfrsm;uk dvk dufemapcJ hojzih fwk dif;jynfom,mNidrf;csrf; cJ havonf qk d\/ trd ef YawmfavQmufxk H;wk d Yonfpum;ajyta&;tom;qkdif&m pmayorkdif;twGufvnf; wefzk d;&S davonf/

    ,ckwifjyvw H Uaom trdefYawmfrS m rif;&mZmBuD;\trwfBuD; ynm0HousD;k dwifoGif;qufocJ haomrif;&mZmBuD;pmwrf;rSazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ usD;k dtrwf BuD;um; rif;&mZmBuD;u ork dif;uk dr,kwfrvGefap&?pmuk dEIwfpk oGif;&rnf[ktrdef Yawmft& oMupf964 ckESpfwGifqufoGif;cJ h&onfqk d\/ usD;k drS m pmwrf;qufoGif;pOfu r[maZ,sodefbGJ YcHudk,f&HBuD;trwftjzpfokd Y a&muf&S daeNyD;vnf;jzpfonf/

    if;\pmwrf; rif;&mZmBuD;xD;eef;wufonftxd &ck dif&mZ0ifuk dtusOf;wifoGif;xm;onf/ xk dpmwrf;rS m ol\twaemrwdoabmt& r[kwfbJ &mZ0ifBuD;xGufvQifwnf;[l 0efcHxm;onf/ qufrif ;&mZmBuD;onf taemufbk&ifnDawmfrif;apmrSykefuefonfuk dcsDwufwk dufck duf usD;k dwk d Yom; tzuk dpm;aus;ay;onf/ om;awmf'Dc(wdcg)uk darmufolZmwGif b*F g 12NrdKU uk d tkyfcsKyf&efbk&ifcHxm;cJ honf/

    xk dujyefvmvQifawmifilrif;u yJcl;uk dvkyfBuH&eftul tnDawmif; vuf cHcJ h&onfwk d Yuk dqufjyqk dxm;onfuk dawG U&&m &mZ0ifrif;quf jywfae ouJhok dY&Sdacsonf/ rif;yif? rif;wdcg? rif;apmvS? pMum0aw;?rif;zavmif;? rif;&mZm? rif;carmif;[lom rif;quftpOfjzpf&rnf/ rif;&mZmBuD;xHwifoGif;pmwrf;rS mvnf;yXrtpyk dif;wGif 964 ckESpf[kjyqkdxm;aomfvnf; pmwrf;tqkH;wGif 950 ta&mufwGif ar;awmfrlaoma&S;taMumif;awmfrsm;uk d oGif;qufonf[l qkdxm;&m wpfBudrfwnf;r[kwfbJ ESpfBudrfwifoGif;&ojzihfork dif;qufIyfaxG; tpOfrusav&jcif;avm[k ,lqonf/

    trwf ud k,f&HBuD; (usD;k d r[maZ,sodefonfyJcl;ok d Y rif;&mZmBuD;ppfxGufpOfrkd;BudK;ypf?rD;avmifonf hedrdwfukd aoe*FAsL[musrf;xGuftwk dif; avQmufxm;cJ honfukdawGU&onf/ r[mynmausmfu ppfcsDrnfpenf;emaponfukd avQmufxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ usD;kdavQmufxm;csuf usrf;xGufpmxkd Yjyifazmfjyyg om;awmfrif;carmif; ykefuefjcif; avQmufxm;csuftjyifrif;&mZmBuD;uar;ukd,f&HBuD;r[maZ,sodefajzqk dcsufrsm;ESih f bk&ifu csD;ajrmufcH&aomqk kv'frsm; xkdaemuftn&0goD"romrdq&mawmfuk drif;&mZmBuD;uyif h omoema&;&mrsm; avQmufxm; omoemyk difcef Ytyfonf/ vufrcH/ wumawmfrif;uomxdef; omoemyGifhvif;rnf[k trdef Y&S davonf/

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    "romrdq&mawmfukdyif h a&TawmifapwDuk dtaeuZmwif&efavQmufxm;&m oabmrwl? q&mawmf\ rdefYMum;csufrS m 'kpk dufa&S mif olawmfokpk duftavhom trSEftouf xufqk H;jyMuzkd Yvk daMumif;/xk d haemufomoemawmfbk&ifrif;u a&S;ab;awmf? bDawmf? bk d;awmf? crnf;awmfwk d Yenf;wltrdef YawmfBuD;rif;tmPm xkwfjyefxm;csufjyKcJ honf/ rif;&mZmBuD;eHawmf2vF m? rif;om; pnf;pdrf 37? rif;pnf;pdrfawmf60? oufawmf97 ESpf? aumZm 997 wGifewf&G mpHawmfrlonf[l\/ pmwrf;trnf uk drif;&mZmBuD; ta&;awmfpmwrf;NyD;NyD[k jyxm;\/ pmwrf;tNyD;wGifvnf; rif;&mZmBuD;om; rif;c

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    pmwrf;wGif rif;trdef YawmfrS m ol&d,m"dy"drif;vufxufrS qufcH rif;xD;u trd ef Yxkwfjyefonf/,ckrif;&mZmBuD;u quf cH xkwfjyefcsufrsm; jyKcJ h&jcif;jzpfonf/ ok d Yaomftrdef Yxkwfjyefcsufrsm;onftBudrfBudrf&S dcJ h&m yJcl;rStjyefxkwfjyefcJ h&jcif; trdefYawmftmPmukdxkwfjyrnfjzpf useftrdefYawmfrsm;uk dum;tcGifhoihfaomtcg jyqkdrnfjzpfonf/

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    xk dok dYynmA[kokw pk Hvifaom ynm&Sifrsm; a&;om;vsiftvGefaumif;\/ qk dorQwih fw,f \/ t&mXmetm;avQmfpGm cHpm;csufjynhf0\/ pdwfESvkH;ukd txl;qGJaqmifEk dif\/ xkdUxuf toHyg&rDaumif;olrsm;a&;om;vQifoHpOfaumif; ykdpdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;\/ ta&;tom;ukdvnf; yk dx,f 0gcef Ynm;\/

    xk dokd Yaom ta&;tom;rsm;rSysKdwkdif;BudKufwJ hESif;qDck diftjzpfa&muf& qkdzG,fr&S d/ tvGefwif hw,f\/xk dta&;tom;rsKd;uk dodaeMuolrsm; tm;,lyg/qk dyg[l wkdufwGef;aep&mrvk d/ vkdcsifol0k dif;0k dif;vnf/olr& igr&vkduf&S mMuonf/

    xk dokd Yjzpfjcif;uk dumAswd? uaxwd-olrsm;uk d qkdap\[k qk dvk djcif;jzpftaMumif;AsKywfnDGwfonf/avsmfuefoih fjrwfonf/xkdyk* dKvfwkd Yuk d u0d[kac:\/

    uAsm[laomtrnfum; u0daemb0gu[laom t"dy g,frSuAsmjzpfvm\/ ynm&S djzpfaMumif; jzpfaomxk dynm&S d\ta&;tom;onf uAsmrnf\/ xk d YaMumih fu0dAE muAsm[kvnf; qk dEk difonf/ xkdpum;t"dy g,frS mvnf; ynm&S dwkd Y\tzG JUtEGJ Yta&;tom;rSeforQonf uAsmrnf\/

    uAsm? ysKd U? vuFm? &wk? &uef? tJjcif;? tefjcif;? vGrf;jcif;? vS DawmfoH? oHcsyfponfwk d YESih faw;xyf? a'G;csKd;? av;csKd;paom tzG J UtEG J UrSeforQonfomrntm;jzih fuAsmrnf\/ tnremrtoD ;oD; wyfac:Muaomfvnf; vk d&if;rS m tMum;tjrifA[kokwESih fynmOmPf

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\rsufES mawmfukdvuFma&mE m wefqmqifukefonfjzpf-

    ykHpHrSm rkedaem? "&&HoDa,m-jrwfpG mbk&m;\EIwfcrf;awmfrSxGufaom ta&mif(eDaomta&mif )?rkedaem 0'eH-jrwfpGmbk&m;\ rsufES mawmfuk d[l yk'ftcsif;csif; eD;pyfojzihfyom'*kPfajrmufonf/ odvG,f?jrifvG,fonf? oef Y&Sif;onf[k qk dvmonf/

    &ck dif rif ;orD; {jcif ;rS mqk dvQif &ck dif rif ;orD; {jcif ;rS mqk dvQif &ck dif rif ;orD; {jcif ;rS mqk dvQif &ck dif rif ;orD; {jcif ;rS mqk dvQif &ck dif rif ;orD; {jcif ;rS mqk dvQif ]]onfnmrGef? ,Ofwefwzuf? yifv,f xGuf}}]]tmPmvufk H;? wefck d;csKef;om;}}]]oHqdyf husK;at;? u&0dwfa

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\xl;qef;+obif+,ifh&G,f?xl;qef;aom yG Jobif uk dqif,if usif;y? e0g+'o/ ukd;cktvGef&S daom wpfq,f h(wpfq,f huk d;)jynfxufrxm;=jynf\txuf (tkyfcsKyfapaomtm;jzih f) rxm;&m/rkdCf;aESmif;0gv+aqmif;ptul;wGif=(aESmif;v? aqmif;p) r"k&wm*kPfrs

    xkdNrDw0uf=(AkdvfNcD+xkdNrDr"k&wm*kPf)xkdYaMumihf u0drEusrf;ed*kH;]]Mum;ydef Yemavmh? ynm,S drS mwwf(p&monf? t*F gq,fck? wwfrIav;axG? ar;axGazmfjy? aZmwuESihf?

    *Dw rMwm? oHomwk d Y&Snf? ok H;rnfuk dPf;? jzwfyk dif;odwwf? y,wfXgefnD? emcsifzG,f? usnf;us,faMumif;wl?oHwlaMumif;uG J? oHuGJaMumif;wl? qk drled,H? toHokH;yg;? oHzsm;oHvwf? oH&if;cwf? a&G;vwfoih fap? rD;avaeewf? zsufwwfrSefpG m? tmumoewf? Munfa&S mifcwfvQuf? a&G;a&Smifa'go? yg'Bud,m? xm;&moif h[ef?wefrwefESihf? tp&Sdojzifhvnf;aumif;/

    (ed*k H;vuF m? 1269 ck? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf(9)&ufaeYa&ul;ayrl? ckepfaMumif;a&) a0omvDacwfta&;tom; apmjynh fk d/

    xkdYjyif u0dAEusrf;-i^93ukd;rnfvQHnd? awmufajymifbdonf? pHrda&TavSmf? armif&Sifausmf/ ukd;aq

    OmPfxGef;ok H;quf? oHvsufoif honfvGefav? ewfuk d;zG,f aomf? OmefarTenf;[d? okwdav;yg;? axGjym;tu&m?omcgwpfcsuf? ,if;wufw ywf? oHvwf? ok H;qkrf;? oH&if;usKrf;}} ponfjzifhvnf;aumif;?(u0dAEusrf;i^93)TefMum;xm;csufwkd Y &S davonf/

    xkdYaMumihf oHpOftaetxm; twkdt&Snf? tav;taygh? 'DC&(*kv[k)toHnD&ef ta&;BuD;avonf /

    y 'k w p ru c * C ip q Z ps n# | ! Pw x ' " ey z A b r

    (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Murf f ;wrf ;rtk dEk,Of ysKdzk d Y Murf f ;wrf ;rtk dEk,Of ysKdzk d Y Murf f ;wrf ;rtk dEk,Of ysKdzk d Y Murf f ;wrf ;rtk dEk,Of ysKdzk d Y Murf f ;wrf ;rtk dEk,Of ysKdzk d Y ig;0*fwpfvkH;pD&Gwf&aomaMumihf 0*f(0*)tpktaygif;[kac:onf/ xkdwGif yx

    tu&mwk dYrS m ti,f ? tEk/ wwd,tu&m? pwkwtu &mwk d YrS m tBuD;? tvwf/ i? n? P? e? r [laomyOrtu&mwkdYdrSm pmqkdpmysuf (Z&b*F)jzpfonf/uAsm? vuF m? &wktpwk d Y tcsDyk'f(2)yk d'fwk d YrS m tvsOf;rygap&/ (0dl 0a"s-ynm&S daoqk H;wwfonf)

    qk d\/ ,if ;taMumif;uk d-]]*kdPf;wGifrnf&? ukd;yg'0,f? yXrwGif? pmjrifpm&H? cgcH'kwd,? csD&tu

    MuufajcrcwfavESihf? aotHhrSefpGm}}[l qkdavonf/ (e0'wftkdifom-csD-psL^153)ajrmufOD;acwf/

    ,if;tu&m(25)vkH;xJwGifyxrtu&mig;vk H;u(zk d )? 'kwd,tu &mig;vk H;u (tr)/ wwd,tu &m ig;vk H;u(zk d )? pwkwtu&m

    ig;vk H;u (tr)? yOrtu&mig;vk H;u (tzk d )jzpfonf/

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\tu&m tzkd tru0*f odMum;rif; oG&wDapmih f\/p0*f y&rDoGm okEa& apmih f\/#0wf ,rrif; umvm *E D apmih f\/

    w0*f AdEkd; oD&da'0D apmih f\/y0*f tuedXjA[g rPdarcvm apmihf\/rm&fewfapmih faom ,&v0o[VtH [lonf ht0*ftu&mwk d Yuk da&S mif&S m;&onf/ uAsm? vuFm? &wk

    tpyk'f? 'kwd,yk'fESpfyk'fwk d YrS m a&Smif&onf/ tjcm;yk'fwkd YrS mvnf; rvT JomrSxnf h&avonf/ ZmwftaecGJjcm;rIrS m IwfaxG; oavmuftusKd;rrsm; rjyawmhNyD/

    u0dAEusrf;vm vuF mwkd YrSm pwkwtu&m ig;vk H;xJrS m ]]b}} (buk H;)tu&mESih ftpcsDrIrsm;acsonf/,rrif ; tapmih fESih fumv *E Dtapmih f(#? !? P= tzk d? X? z=tr)tu&mwk d Yuk dvnf; (i? n? P? e? r)jzpfavonf/ P(PBuD;) tu&mrSm #tkyfpk? tkd^ysuf(ESpfxyfuGif;)usavonf/ owfcsiowfjcif;uyif aumif;rnf[k wifjytyfonf/ OmPqk daomyk'fuk d&[m'DawmPokwfjzih f PBuD;jyefoihf-roih f a&Tusif*k dPf;tvk d? ok"r m*k dPftvk djiif;qk dwk H;&Sdavonf /

    ok d Yvsifu0dAEusrf;tvk dtu&mwk dYuk dtEktysKd? t&if httk dcG Jjcm; rSwfom;tyfonf/

    Murf ;aomtu&m Murf ;aomtu&m Murf ;aomtu&m Murf ;aomtu&m Murf ;aomtu&mtu&mxJwGif tqk d&cufonfuk d Murf;onf[k qk dtyfonf/ o&&Spfvk H;wGif tm? ? OD;? {;? Mo [l

    aom o&oufoufESih fa&;xm;aompmuk dtqk dMurf;onfqk d\/ t? ? Oukdo&[lac:onf / uf? if? pf?nf? wf? ef? yf? rf? ,f? 0f[laom oH,kwftu&mwk d Yuk dwpfqufwnf;a&;om;xm;jcif;vnf; tqk d& cufavonf /

    j*KwaAg"ed,-ayrl(ud )rS m tu&mwkd Yonf 'DCcsnf;jzpfjcif;? av;vk H; av;vk H;wpfcg-,wdjzwfjcif;/(&yfwefYqkd&onfukd ,wdac:\)/ pnf;urf;ESihfnDvQif 0d'sKHEmvm*gxm(0dcsK0kaw m',qef;usrf;rS m 0dZKrmvm*gxmac:avonf/(r*k dPf;? r*k dPf;? *k-2vk H;&S davonf / j*KwaAm" usrf;tqk dESih f ruG Jjym; wlnDayonf/

    *gxm\t"dy g,fu ]]vQyfEG,f jyif;xef? rk d;BudK;oH}}[l\/ Oyrm ]]'def;'def;'def; 'def;..'def;'def;'def;'def;}}uk dav;vk H;ta&mufrS m tenf;i,f wef Y&yfvsufqk H;atmifqk dMunh fu wufoHcsnf;jzpf toH uk dES drfr&aMumif;wif&Sm;ay vdrf hrnf/

    j*KwaAm"usrf;tvkd yKZm(yvkw)? aMomf-o&ukd okH;rMwm,ljcif;onf u0dAwlnDavonf/ toHt&SnfqkH; jzpfaomaMumih f ik djcif;? vGrf;jcif;? wrf;jcif;wkdY\tprSm-aMomf(yvkw)ukdtokH;jyKMuavonf/

    u0dAE-c^21 rS m od' dv? '@Dv? tu&m[l cG Jjcm;csuf&S davonf / odxdv? "edw tu&m[lyk'fppfusrf;rS m ac:qk dxm;onf/ upnf;o' gusrf; rS m aCgo? taCgovk d Yac:avonf / tu&mcG Jjcif;rS mtwlwlyifwnf;/

    uc?*Ci? pq?Zpsn? #CPwx?'"e? yz? ybr

    yxrESih f'kwd,tu &m-odxdv(aysmhaysmif;)? taCmo(rMurf;)? wwd, ESif hyOrtu&m "edw(cufrm)?aCgo(Murf;wrf;)/

    okaAgpvuFm&usrf;? *gxm-58 rSm--]]c&mcDvm y&du dP? acawcdw HzvwsvH}} vk d YtzGJ YtEG J U Murf;tqk dt& cufaomtjzpf-AEzkoa'go

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\yk HpHuk dxkwfjyxm;onf/

    a'gotajzykdif;*gxm-99rSm]]yE m ly0db 0HokPEm r"k&H*d&H/p&E dom"lorK'/ umavauVdy&Hrkcg}}qk daom tqk dElnH hrIokckrmvmwm *kPfajrmufjcif;*gxmESih f

    ajzqkdxm;ayonf/ qk daumif;jcif;ESih fqef Yusifaom tqk d&Murf;? raumif;onfoabmuk dt"duEI dif;,SOfjy&mjzpfonf/Oyrm-]]ckdifckdif cufcuf ckdifcufcuf? yifwkdif;rsm jzmvkdY,Suf}}qkdaompu

    &Gufopf0DvQuf? wxG Dzl;yGif h? vDl;yif haomf? toih f0J,m? ,drf;umoDusL;? aysmfjrL;Mujyef? obif[efjzih f?tvGefwifhw,f }}qk daompum; pkuk dwk dufqk difMunh fEk difonf/ tMurf;tEkoabmay:vmygvdrf hrnf/

    (wxG Dzl;yGif hvDl;yif )(,drf;umoDusL;? aysmfjrL;Mujyef? obif[ef )jzih ftvGefwif hw,faom ormoMoZ*kPfjzpfonf/

    (&Gufa[mif;? &Gufopf )? (wxG Dzl;yGif h? vDl;yif h )tyk d'frsm;onfoHwlaMumif;uG Jjzpfonf/([efjzihfvGefwifh )oHpnftvGefcsKda&;=r"k&wm*kPfodrf;um (obif[ef jzih f vSrf;pyf)oDusL;aysmfjrL;

    qk daom pum;wk d Yonf (toufr&S daom opfyifoabmrS m touf&S daom oabmwifpm;jcif;)tygau ygPd"r- orm"d*kPf jzpfonf/ qk dvk d&if;uk d &Sif;vif;odvG,fojzih f y'*kPf? &Guf? &Guf? yGif h? yif hteD;uyfpyfqk dxm;aomaMumihfoHpOfrQwnDGwfjcif; orwm*kPfvnf; yg0ifavonf/

    (3) k dif ;pk dif ;rvk d? eef ;,Of csKdzk d Y (3) k dif ;pk dif ;rvk d? eef ;,Of csKdzk d Y (3) k dif ;pk dif ;rvk d? eef ;,Of csKdzk d Y (3) k dif ;pk dif ;rvk d? eef ;,Of csKdzk d Y (3) k dif ;pk dif ;rvk d? eef ;,Of csKdzk d Y xk drSwyg; ]]eif huk digBudKufvsuf? ighuk deif hbmaMumih frBudKufoenf;}}[kwkdufk dufajymjcif;rsKd;rS m- vli,f

    pum; awmaus;om;pum;jzpfojzih f*gra'go [l ac:onf / yk'ftrsm;uk dqufpyfMunfhvk dtyfaom teufrvkdtyfaomteuf a&m,Sufaeaomfvnf; *gra'go[l ac:ayao;onf /

    toHxGufysufjcif;ESihftoHxGufyg t"dy g,fygysufjcif; &S dayonf/ Oyrm a&S Uuyk'frS m]]vnf;}}ESihftqk H;owfxm;cJ honf/ aemufqk H;yk'fu ]]xD;}}ESih ftqk H; owfxm;aomf]]vnf;}}uk dvk H;wifqHcwf? 0pESpfvk H;ayguftoHxGufrSum&efuk duk duf&eftaMumif;&S dayonf/

    *gra'gotajz]]vifa,musf m;tm; cspfBudKufaerIukd}} umrwnf;[laom 'Gef;p@g;ESdyfpufaeonf[kajymqk djcif;ESih fajzqk dxm;onf/ aoonf[lonf pum;wpfrsKd;wnf;uk d(y&dedA geful;)(ysHawmfrl )? (ewf&GmpH)?(b0ul;ajymif;)[l bk&m;&[E m? ykxkZOf? &[ef; jynf&Sifrif;? vlomrnwk d Yuk dtoD;oD;ac:qk dxm;jcif;rS m,Ofaus;rIoabmjzpfonf/ ta&;BuD;avonf/

    vuF m &wk? a&;pyfaomtcg u0d"Eusrf;-*D51 rS m q,fckajrmufyk'f-oloHcGif? q,f hwpfoHvQufcGif?q,fhESpfwefusifcGif]]okH;ckrSm *kdPf;qkd;rxm;&ef TefMum;xm;onf/ udk;rnfvQHnD-csDysKdrSmMunhfav/

    pmrsufESm 82 rS m ,if;ok H;yg'xJrS m ]]qkrf;? wkrf;? jyKef;? rIef;? oQrf;? ao? aMu? aq;? a[cg? [m? qD? qm?awG?wm? td? tm? r[d? rjzpf? r&? ri? raysmf?aES mif;? Asnf;? owf? cwf? jzwfqkdpf? S dpf? BudK0f? ok d0f? ck d0f? rk d Y0f?ik d Y0f? ,k d Y0f? wkd0f? NzdK0f? qdwf? edrf h? rdwf? wdwf? vdyf? onf? xk d0f? uk d0fMunh f}}[laom tr*Fvma0g[m&rsm;uk drok H;&efTefjyxm;avonf/ ynm&S dpum;jzpftav;teuf xm; oih fay\/

    ,if;taMumif;uk drdzk&m;apmjynh fk du u0dAEusrf;tqk H;em;rSm-]]rOLyef; ES,f? arT;ysH U

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    18 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\od k Y...tMurf ;rsKd; ,k HrS m;oHo,0ifp&mrsKd;ESih ftr*Fvmpum;wkd Yukda&S mifvQuf? xD;ok H;? eef;ok H;tp?

    NrdKUBuD;olNrdKUBuD;om; pum;wkd YESihftEkxufrSm t,Ofqif h? ,Ofaus;rIuk djrif hwifEk difygap[kcspfaumif;xref;aoQ...rSmxm;vkduf&ayonf/

    toQif BuD;toQif BuD;toQif BuD;toQif BuD;toQif BuD;apmjynf hk dr*Zif ;apmjynf hk dr*Zif ;apmjynf hk dr*Zif ;apmjynf hk dr*Zif ;apmjynf hk dr*Zif ;

    1999-ck? puf wif bmv1999-ck? puf wif bmv1999-ck? puf wif bmv1999-ck? puf wif bmv1999-ck? puf wif bmvuk d;um;csuf rsm;uk d;um;csuf rsm;uk d;um;csuf rsm;uk d;um;csuf rsm;uk d;um;csuf rsm;

    (1) u0dAEusrf; (pmayAdrmef)(2) u0dygo@usrf;(pmayAdrmef)(3) j*KwaAm"ed,(4) okaAm"vuFm&usrf;(5) 0kawm',qef;usrf;

    (6) &ckdifrif;orD; {csif;(7) odefuefrdefwGif csD&wk(8) upnf; o' gBuD;(9) tvuF m ed,opf(10) &ckdif,Ofaus;rIrsm; trSwf(3)

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    19 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    aoGznf aomomoema&;aoGznf aomomoema&;aoGznf aomomoema&;aoGznf aomomoema&;aoGznf aomomoema&;OD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dE

    qHrkwfqdwf&dwfzl;aom qw monfokb'f&[ef;BuD;onf om;ESpfa,mufESih ftmwkrmNrdKUwGif aexk dif

    vsuf&S davonf / xk dNrdKUok dYbk&m;&Sifonf aemufygoHCm 1250 ESih f

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\140 (0gawmf120)&S d? oAumrdax&fjzpfavonf/ a0omvDjynfom;wk dYonf taumufBuH umvaomurif;ukdukef;acsmMuonf/ ok d Yaomfvnf; xk drif;\ESrawmfeEm&[E mr wm;jrpfcsufaMumif hxdwfvef YcJ hojzih ft&Sif,wkd Yuk d uefawmhcJ havonf / xk d 12 odef;aomoHCmwkd Yonf a0omvDjynfr[m0kefausmif;wk dufpnf;a0;rdMuaomtcg 0denf;"k d&fyk*dKvfrsm; wifajr mufcJ hMuavonf/ xk dyk* dKvf&Spfyg;wk d Yonf 0gvdumk Hausmif;

    wk duf tpnf;ta0;usif;y 'o0wKu(q,fyg;)ud kqk H;jzwfcJ hMuonf/ xk duwpfzefr[m0kefausmif;wk dufBuD;ok d Y

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    21 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\tpOfuk dajymif;jyefjyKcJ hMuonf/ edum,fwpfckrSokwfuk dtjcm;edum,fok d Yvnf;aumif;? Zmwursm;uk d0denf;yd#uwfxJok d Yvnf;aumif;? okwefw&m;rsm;uk d? tbd"r myd#uwfxJok d Yvnf;aumif; a&TUajymif;Muonf/ ygVdteuf t"dy g,fuk dvnf; wvG JwacsmfzGif hqk dMuonf/ omoemzsufenf; r[mAsL[mvufeufwnf;/ rdrdrBudKufaom okwf? 0denf;wk d YukdjzKwfy,fcJ hMuonf/ rdrdwkd Y"avhpk dufESihfnDpG mtopfrsm; pDpOfxnf hoGif;Muonf/

    0denf;ig;usrf;rSy&d0gygVdawmfuk djzKwfy,fcJ honf/ tcsKd Uu tbd"r myd#urluk djzKwf usrf;opfa&;om;\cJ hMuonf/ y#dor D'gr*? r[meda' o? Ek#eda'o ygVdawmfwk d Yuk dy,fxkwfcJ hMuonf/ &wemok H;yg;ESihfrpyfaomyOL oD&dedum,f paom*k dPf;txl ;rsm;uk dok H;pG JcJhMuonf/ ouFef;0wfk Hyk Hrsm;? &[ef;y&du&mrsm;uk d? wDxGifcJ hMuonf/ pm;aomufaexk difykHrSp rlajymif;cJ hMuonf/ tusyk H? abmif;bDyk Hponfrsm; wDxGifcJ hMuonf/

    0ZDwk dif;om;wkd Y\ 'o0w Kuuk d12 odef;aom oHCmxku qk H;jzwfcJ haomfvnf; vufrcHMuaomaMumih fodu myk'fawmfwk d Yuk dy,fpGef Y usefyk* dKvfaumif;wk d YESih fqef Yusifav&m\/ xk d YaMumih fa'0'wf\oHCmoif;cG Jjcif;?t&d|&[ef;ESifh u@ouomrPwkdY t,lrSm;jcif;uJhodkY oufa&mufaeum; rsm;pGmMu&[ef;aumif;wk d Ya0omvDjynf

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\vuPmud k&&S dvQufrnfolrSES drfr&? tEkdif,lr&? ajymorQuk d vk dufemcHcJ h&onf/ 0efrcHu odMum;rif;raeEk dif bDvl;a,mifaqmif owf ypf&ef csdef&G,f rIjzih fulnDcJ h&onf/ xk dtcg trSefukdaemufqk H;wGif0efcHcJ hMu& onfomwnf;/

    oD[ [Ekr[mykanm?oaA[d ty"Hoda,m/a'a0rma&p rEka?0aEr[m oda[ Zdae/

    OD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dEOD;pu dE1999 ckESpf ? arv1999 ckESpf ? arv1999 ckESpf ? arv1999 ckESpf ? arv1999 ckESpf ? arv

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    23 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

    &mrkESih f &ifilawmf &mrkESih f &if ilawmf &mrkESih f &ifilawmf &mrkESih f &if ilawmf &mrkESih f &if ilawmf t&Sif pu dEt&Sif pu dEt&Sif pu dEt&Sif pu dEt&Sif pu dE

    (30-4-95 aeY yif;0gtvnfc&D;twGuftrSwfw&tjzpf)

    &mrkrSm ]yif;0g}}[k ac:aom t&yfXmejzpfacsonf/ ,ck b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHw&ck diforkdif;acwfwGif b*Fvm;a'h&Sfonf taemufjynftrnfjzihf xif&Sm;cJhonf/ xkdwGif b*Fg12&yf[lowfrSwfcJhavonf/

    &mrkrS m &ck difrif;vufxuf b*F g 12 NrdKUowfrSwf&mwGif ryg0ifcJhaomfvnf; ppfpcef;cs&yf&m NrdKUum;jzpfacsonf/ a*:awmfyvifNrdKUrS ajrmufbufwGif&Sdavonf/ ewfjrpftqkH; acgif;wkuk dif;BuD;uk dif;aoQuk dausmfvGefvQif? a*:awmfyvifok d Ya&mufonf/ xk duquf oGm;aomf&ck dif&G m? pkdif;'g;?EG m;k Hawmif/ rIdif;p&DcGqk Hokd Ya&mufonf/ xk dcGqkHawmifbufwGif rk dif;p&D&G m&S donf/ cGqk Hu ta&S Uuk doGm;aomfyif;0g?taemufukdoG m;aomf? zavmif;csdyf(aumuf bmZm&fNrdKU)? ajrmufuk doG m;aomfppfwaumif;NrdKUok d Ya&mufoG m;avonf /

    Amvkusmyvif(yavmif )e,ftqk H;rSr&Sufacsmif;(yef;oD&dacsmif;)twk dif; ausmfjzwfoG m;vQifvnf;a&mufavonf / yif;0g(&mrk )onf aumuf bmzm&f(Cox's Bazar )ac: zavmif;csdyfNrdKUu taemufbufyifv,f em;urf;pyfwGifwnf&S donf/ yif;0gNrdKUrS m ta&S Ubufawmifajc&if;wGifwnf&S davonf / 10rk difcef Yc&D;uG ma0;ayonf/

    zavmif;csdyfNrdKUrSacsmif;0cHvsufrI dif;p&Dacsmif;onf yif;0gxdaygufa&mufoG m;avonf/ xk dacsmif;onfyif;0gNrdKUawmifbuf &ifulukwk d;awmifuk dvSnh fum r&Sufacsmif;(oQLemqD&d )/ &DMunfacsmif;(eu sm;qD&d )ok d Ywk difatmifaygufa&mufqufoG m;avonf/ &ifulukwk d;uk dul;aomfawmifa&T&G mok d Ya&mufonf/ r&Sufacsmif;?&DMunfacsmif;wkd YrSm Ak dvfrif;axmife,f? ppfwaumif;awmifwef;a'ojzpfavonf/ yif;0gNrdKUonf rIdif;p&Dacsmif;rSpD;0ifvmaomacsmif;\ajrmufbufurf;ezl;wGifwnf&S donf/ &DMunfacsmif;rSa*:apmif;nmwifok d YqufoG,fvsuf &ckdifarmifawme,fajrmufykdif; &Jpk? vay:? &Jatmifacsmif;? carmif;qdyfwk dYESihfvnf;pyfavonf/

    a&S;u yif;0gNrdKUok dY ewfjrpfacsmif;zsm;rS &Jpkacsmif;odkYqefwufvsufrmc*smtif;uk d jzwfausmfumr&Sufacsmif;twk dif; oG m;a&mufEk difMuonfqk d\/ rmc*smtif;rS m wdrfaumoG m;cJ hNyD;&mum; vrf;ydwfcJhonfrSmMumavNyD/ a*:aZmifnmrSoG m;vQifyif;0gok d Y10 rk difcef Yom a0;onfqk d\/ ,ck tcgwGifukef;vrf;ESih fb*Fvm;yifv,f urf;ajrmifc&D;om&S dawmhonf/ yifv,f urf;ajrmiftwk d kif;oG m;vQifewfjrpf0 u,kacsmif;(Taknaf) rSzavmif;csdyfxd65rk difa0;onf/ ukef;vrf;jzih fqkdu u,kacsmif;rSzavmif;csdyfxd 54 rkdifcef Ya0;onf/

    zavmif;csdyfrSr[mpk d;uRef;xd6rkdifc&D;&S donf/ xk duRef;ESif hzavmif;csdyfurf;ajrmifMum;wGif&ckdif&Gmrsm;teD;pyf&SdMuonf/ &Gmopfau? OD;acgif;jyif? aomfwusm? qnfBuD;? pku&m? zavmif;csdyfrS ppfwaumif;ta&muf rkdifwpf&mcefYoGm;&onf/

    yif;0gNrdKUuk da&S Uu &r myl&[lvnf ;aumif;? &r m0wD[lvnf ;aumif; ac:wGifcJ hMuavonf/ &r m0wDrSa&T Uajymif;vsuf&mrkNrdKUjzpfvmonf[kqk dMuonf/ xk d&mrkNrdKU\ ta&S Ubufawmifwef;BuD; yef;rsm;0if;0gvsufzl;yGih f&S donf/ xk duk dtpG JjyK yef;0g;NrdKU[lac:aMumif;jzihfajymMuavonf/ tcsKd Uu yef;0gacsmif;zsm;wGifyif;0g[laom ouf&G m&S donf/ xk d&G muk dtpG JjyK yif;0g[kac:wGifvmonfqk d\/

    yif;0gNrdKUuk dtcgtm;avsmfpG m NrdKUpm;rsm; cefYxm;cJ honf[k ,k HMunf&onf/ rif;apmrGef(e&rdwfvS)onfjynfwGif;a&;aMumih ftaemufb*Fvm;? ol&wefjynf*g0god k Ya&S mifwdrf;aecJ honf/ xk dpOftkyfcsKyfa&;vufvTwfcHcJ h&ojzih fyif;0g NrdKUonfysufpD;oG m;cJ h&onf/ xkd Yaemufrif;apmrGefnD? e&Elrif;c&D(tvDcif ) vufxufwGifjyefvnfwk dufck dufodrf;,lcJhavonf / xk d YaMumih fyif yif;0g? pku&m? ppfwaumif;wk d Yuk dvuf0,fok d Y&&S dcJ honf/xk dpOfyif;0gNrdKUuk djyefwnf trwf BuD;0drvtm; pm;a

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    24 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8 &ck d if ,Of aus;rS Krsm;trS wf 8

    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\oufwk d Ywk duf rI dif;p&DawmifwGifoufwkd Ypka0;aeMuonfuk d oGm;a&mufwkdufck dufjcif;jyKcJ haMumif; ork dif;wGifvm&S donf/ xk d YaMumih fxk dyif;0gwpf0k dufonf oufvlrsKd;wk d Ytajccs&mXmevnf;jzpfcJ haMumif; xif&S m;avonf/

    pE0dZ,rif;onfyif;0gwGifpcef;cs uHomNrdKUrS&ck difrif;aqGrsKd;wk dYukdac:,l apcJ honf/ oD&dok"r&mZmrif;[&D\ajr;awmfvSatmifESif hivuf k H;om; cifk dwk d Yuk d&&S dcJ havonf / pE0dZ,rif ;\ yif;0ga&mufcJ h&mvrf;

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    jrefrmwyfrS AEKvonf yif;0gxd ppfwufa&mufcJh&mukd atmufom;buf[l ac:w&ck difrif;wk d Ypcef;cs&yfem;&mtykdif;uk d &mZmbuf[l ac:a0:vmcJ hMuonf/ &mZmbufonf yif;0gNrdKUta&S Ubufusa&mufNyD; 'g&um(qifxzef;)awmifESih f wpfzufwnf;jzpfonf/ xk dawmifwGif 'g&umewf&Sd ewfawmif[kvnf; ac:avonf / umPm&mZmvrf;rS m xk dawmifem;rSawmifbufok d Y OD;wnfvsuf&Sdonf/ ppfcsDvrf;rjzpfNyD;vQifAEKvvnf; xk dvrf;twk dif;yifcsDwufcJ hjcif;jzpfonf/ xk dvrf;onf a*:awmfyvifok d Ya&mufxkdu &Jpl;acsmif;ukdjzwfvsuf Budefacsmif;(,cifatmifppfjyif )okd Y qufoGm;onf/ xk du ar,kawmifajcuk davQmuf &ck difESif hqufavonf /

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    jrwfvSausmif;awmf? onfwkdif;ay:wGif? a&mif0gNzdK;NzdK;? NzdefYNzdef Yxkd;om;? qD;k d;[if;om;? a&Tcsjim;}}[l\/xk d YaemufoDvOykofapmih fok H;&eftwGufocFrf;Z&yfuk dyg aqmufvkyfvSL cJ honf/ yG Jvrf;obifrsm;uk dvnf;qif,if vsuf? ukok dvfaumif;rIrsm;uk djyKpkcJhonf/ tpkpkjyKorQrIuk da&pufoGef;cs trQa0um om"kac:cJ haMumif; ork dif;vuFm pyfqk dxm;&Sdayonf/ axmfOD;bcif xGef;atmifausmfukdvnf; &iful'g ,um[lrnfwGifcJhMuaMumif;jzihf

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\yif ;0gNrd KU&G myif ;0gNrd KU&G myif ;0gNrd KU&G myif ;0gNrd KU&G myif ;0gNrd KU&G m

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    yif;0gonfta&SUtdE d,ukrPDtpk d;&atmufod k Yc&pf1833 (aumZm 1195)ckESpfuyif tkyfcsKyfcHjzpfcJ honf/ xk d Yaemuf1858 (1219)ckESpfwGift*Fvdyf&Sifbk&ifrvuf od k Ya&muf&S dcJ honf/ xk dpOf&ck difwk d Yonfppfajy;'kuonftjzpfjzih f ckdrDS;aecJ hMujcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ t&pfaygif; q&mawmfrS m [m&fbif;okd Ya&mufoGm;cJh&mvuf0Jjrefuyif hac: yif;0g&G mBuD;wGifud k;uG,fxm;cJ honf/ xk du wpfpwpfp ausmif;uefbk&m;apwDrsm;uk djyKjyifrGrf;rHjcif;? topfwnfxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvmcJ hMuonf/ &mrkuEm;&S d? uy*lvnf; &Sd&m qDrD;yef;rmefylaZmfMuk d; jyKavh&S dMuonf/ *lxJ Mumcsyfrsm;azmf xkqpfxm;onfqkd\/

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    xif&S m;aomyG Jpm;rsm;teuf axmfOD;bcifac: yG Jpm;xGef;atmifausmfqk dvQifrdwqk d;om;jzpfacsonf/i,f pOfu bcif qk H; rdcif\ yif yef;BuD;pG m arG;auR;vsuf? q&mbkef;BuD;xHtyfES HynmoifcJ h&onf? i,frnfrS marmifjzL[l rSnh fac:vmonf/ rnf;&S Dq&mawmfxHynmoiftyfES H wpfnwGiftdrfrufjrifonfum; armifjzL uk dvlrsKd;wk dif;u xD;BuD;tkyfrk d;onfaMumih fomrnvlr[kwfAk dvfxktv,f wGif ay:xif&S m;vw H U[kqifjcifatmufarhcJ honf/ xkdaeYuyif i,frnfuk dazsmuf xGef;atmifausmf[kac:apcJ honf/

    if;oli,f onf OmPfxufjrufojzif hpmzwfwwfajrmufvsufaA'if? qef;usrf;? uvyf? rmefusrf;wk d Yuk dygoif,l cJ havonf / vlvm;ajrmufBuD;&ih f&G,f a&mufaomfrdcifu avSckwf f? 0g;ckwfpaom axGaxG&m&mwk d Yukdvkyfuk difap&efausmif;rSxkwf,l oG m;cJ honf/ rMumcif'g;&JusawmwGifopf0g;ckwfvkyfum rdcifuk dulnDvmcJ h&mavSckwfq&mtjzpfok d Y a&mufcJ honf/ aemifwGif xk dae&m Z&yfESpfaqmifaqmufvSLaus;Zl;qyfcJhonf/ xk d YaMumih favSolBuD;rsm;u avSckwfwm0efuk dtyfES HvmcJ h&avonf/ xk d YaemufrdatmifaMumhOD;qk daom trsKd;orD;ESih ftdrfaxmifzufum oaxmfOD;[laom om;OD;ukdarG;zG m;cJ h oaxmfOD;bcifrStwk dcsKH; axmfOD;bcif[lwGifvmonf/

    a,muronf om;ESihfrjcm;cspfoem; [Hom0wDac: ta&SUjynfok d Yukeful;oG m;&ef aiGok H;axmift&if;tES D;xkwfay;onf/ xk daiGjzih f tazmfukefonfrsm;ESih f&GufoabF mpD; &efukefok d YoG m;a&mufcJ honf/ c&D;oG m;zefrsm;aom oabF molBuD;u oem;pma&;cef Ytyfavonf / wpfaeY avjyif;rkefwk dif;rd&m if;onf pGefYpm;ausmufBudK;uk djzwfcJ havonf / oabF monfok H;&ufwk difarsmvGif hvsufppfawGteD;a&mufrSu,f q,f cH&ojzih f

    xrif;[if;pm;ok H;cJ h&onf/ oabFmyk dif&Sifuvnf ; oluBudK;jzwfom touf&Sif&onf[kqk dum ,cifpma&;vpm 50d wGif xyfrH 50dwk d;ay;cJ havonf / &efukefNrdKUwGif vuPmq&mxHjy Munh faomfatmifjrifrI&S d

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\rnfqk dojzih f qufvufvkyfvm&m oabF myk dif&Sifb0ok d Y a&mufcJ h&avonfqk d\/

    xkd YaMumihfi,fu armifjzL? BuD;rSwGif fac: xGef;atmifausmfaemufrSwGifNyD; avSolBuD;jzpfvmonf/xk d YaemufukefonfpD;yG m;vkyf&if; yG Jpm;BuD;jzpfum csrf;omvm om;OD;uk d&SifjyK tvSL'geBuD;us,fpG mjyKvkyfcJ haMumif;jzih fif;\b0jzpfaMumif;uk dzk Hk dvdyfausmif; q&mawmfOD;Owrom& armfuGef;vuF muk d1263 ck?

    wef;cl;vjynf hausmf 11 &uftNyD; a&;pyfcJhonfrSzwfIwifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/zavmif;csdyfNrdKU? t*ar"mausmif;rS&&S daom &ifulausmif;aqmufvkyfjcif; ork dif;vuF mwk d Yt& uefwum?axmfOD;bcif? &ifulwum? yG Jpm;BuD;? bk&m;'um ausmif;'um? Z&yf'um? aqmf'ga*gif; ponftrnf wk d Yjzih f]]a&S;yk Hukok dvf? rsm;t[k daMumih f ac:qkdemr? wpfb0wGif? uk d;rnfyifwnf;? bG J UvQifvnf;&}} [l\/yG Jpm;xGef;atmifausmf\ om;orD;rsm;1/ om;BuD;oaxmfOD;(axmfOD;)2/ pEatmif(yGJpm;BuD;)3/ baxmf(yGJpm;BuD;)4/ bjzL(yGJpm;BuD;)5/ bcspf(yGJpm;BuD;)6/ orD; rtdrfpk d;

    aumif ;rIaxGaxGaumif ;rIaxGaxGaumif ;rIaxGaxGaumif ;rIaxGaxGaumif ;rIaxGaxGrtdrfpk d;rS m yG Jpm;'k d;atmifESih ftdrfaxmifzufcJ honf/ 'k d;atmifrS m umvuw m;yGJpm; csZm;&D\nDjzpfav

    onf/ 'kd;atmifbaxmfwkdYum; &efukef? rEav; yGJkHzGihf taemufjynf ukezGJYpnf;cJhMuonf/ &efukef a&Twd *kHbk&m;&ifjyif taemufbuf&ckdifwefaqmif;BuD;ukd aqmufvSLcJhMu&ckdifwefaqmif;BuD;ukd aqmufvSLc&ckdifwefaqmif;BuD;ukd aqmufvSLcJhMu&ckdifwefaqmif;BuD;ukd aqmufvSLc&ckdifwefaqmif;BuD;ukd aqmufvSLconf/ A[ef;a&Tusifwkduf r*Fvmwkdufausmif;? Munfhjrifwkdif a0VK0efausmif;onf/ A[ef;a&Tusifwkduf r*Fvmwkdufausmif;? Munfhjrifwkdif a0VK0efausmif;wonf/ A[ef;a&Tusifwkduf r*Fvmwkdufausmif;? Munfhjrifwkdif a0VK0efausmif;onf/ A[ef;a&Tusifwkduf r*Fvmwkdufausmif;? Munfhjrifwkdif a0VK0efausmif;wonf/ A[ef;a&Tusifwkduf r*Fvmwkdufausmif;? Munfhjrifwkdif a0VK0efausmif;wausmif;wkdYukd aqmufvSLcJhMuonf/ausmif;wkdYukd aqmufvSLcJhMuonf/ausmif;wkdYukd aqmufvSLcJhMuonf/ausmif;wkdYukd aqmufvSLcJhMuonf/ausmif;wkdYukd aqmufvSLcJhMuonf/ if;wkdY\ om;orD; rsm;rSm &efukefpOfhtk'k d;atmifonf ZmwdXmae NrdKUtaemufbuft&yf a&uefBuD;wpfuefwl;azmfay;cJ honf/ csZm;&S D;um; txufwef;ausmif;uk daqmufvSLcJhonf/

    yG Jpm;baxmfonf touf 74 ESpfwGif NrdKUawmifbuf c&pf 1931ckESpfu aq;k HaqmufvSLcJ honf/atmufom;buf ausmif;BuD;uk d1266 ckESpf? waygif;vqef; 5 &ufMumomyaw;aeYoaxmfOD;(k dOD;

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

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    xk drEk"rowfusrf;uk dtpjyK a&TrsOf;"rowf? rEkyav"rowf? ya0PD"rowftp&S donfjzih ftrsKd;rsKd;wkd Yyg0ifMu&m ,cktcg xk d"rowfxGufqkdcsuftwkdif; pD&ifqk H;jzwfrI&S dr&S duk d rodEk difay&m/

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    r*Fvmatmifqk? aZ,E K[k? k H;pk,SOfNydKif? ajrwck difum;? TefYNrdKifusif;usif;? ckoif;ESih f? &G mwGif;ywf&H?pD;yG m;usefonf? vSLcHav;yg;? jyefvnfoG m;? yPm; aemufi,f? ukefpnf&S mazG? oufaovkyfol? xk dolav;yg;?

    trQOD;rI? odrf;k H;pkvsuf? rEkvkvif? ynm&Sif0,f? pD&ifpdrfhiSm? a&mufvS mxHyg;? oufaorsm;uk d? csmcsmoD;oD;?aeapNyD;rS? tES D;t&if;? rIcif;xk dxk d? jrif\qkdNyD;? aiGuk dcsDajy;? ,lonfacG;\? tarG;t&Snf? rnfonf h&yf0,f?rnfod k Yajy;[k? ppfaq;oa&G U? pkHaphvQif? ta&SUwlI? ajy;aqmif,l onf? acG;jzLqGqG? wa,mufusaomf? EIwfcsud kufcsD? taemufqDod kY? acG;eDxif&S m;? xk d Yaemufom;vnf;? acG;usm;awmifuk dajy;onfqk d\/

    aemufqk dool? ukefonfrlum;? a&S UIygatmif? ajrmufok d Yaqmifonf? acG;aMumifwck? av;a,mufpkaomf?jyKjyKoo? rrQrnD? jzLeDaMumifusm;? pum; raxG? ta&S Utaemuf? awmifajrmuf,Gif;uGuf? rnDcsufaMumif h?EIwfxGufrwnf? auG Uvdrfonfwk H? ukefonfykP m;? ig;a,mufom;uk d? &G m"m;OD F;uk dif? t&Hyk difESih f? pk d;wk difrif;a&muf?Mum;avQmufcsufcsif;? tjyif;tjy? yk d Yornf a,mif? rsufarS mifBudKUukwf? &Hzefvkyfum? xdrfjrKyf0Sufxm;? aMu;aiGrsm;uk d? w&m;yG JwGif? pkESpfwif? atmifjrifjypfajy? NyD;avaomtm;? em;awmfMum;aomf? rif;zsm;ewfvl?odrf;,l csufcsif;? tyfESif;aqmifa,mif? rsm;ajrmifwefqm? aoemywd? acgifxd&mcsm;? cef Yoem;rS? jynfom; jynfol?MunfjzLom0Srf;? csD;rTrf;aprI? aqmfzefjyK rEkvkvif? ynm&Sif[k? ajrjyiftavsmvma&mufzl;arQmf? *kPfxGef;ay:onf/ / a

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\a&TvT mrjym;? txufom;wk d Y? cHpm;&aMumif;? awmif;onf htarG? ckepfaxGum;? zk d YcsJrcG J? a&mufonfyG J? csdef0S JompH?twif ;cHok d Y? pG JES HrauR? qif;usap[k? a&TaiGrsufrQ? xGef;yvQHnD? rkedwefqm? &wemonf/ oH'gpdefausmufrlvnfwnf;/

    trdESih fom;? yk dif;jcm;tarG? cG Ja0aMumif;p? a&S;OD;jytH h? arG;zjrwfrGef? uG,fcJ hvGefaomf? apuRefrdef;r?arG;

    rnf&&S d arG;z0rf;vnf;? aqmifNrJruif;? pd DESih fckESif h? om;rif;,lxkduf? odrf;yk dufxk d Yjyif? Op mtifud k? rdcifyd kifum;?ok H;pkxm;? om;uk dnDjref? wpkuefavm? tvGrf;rajy? MuifzG,frnD;? orD;oufa0? tarGrGefzsif;? cG JpkwGifum?rdcifarG;z? &SdpOfuvQif? ,k,ykdufNyD;? orD;tm;ukd? ESpfyg;0,fajrmuf? vufaxmwefaqmifa&mifarmif;? a&Tpkdufaygif;u? em;a#mif;a&TNyD;? a&TykwD;ESihf?ysKd;ysKd;ajymifajymif? qifa,mifaorQ? orD;&vdrf h? xk drS

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\wGif? om;yifysKdzwf? om;vwfac:av? oufa0csmrQ? pwkwwGif? rdef;ra&mifaumif;? EG,faES mif;xuf0,f?om;vGrf;zG,frI? om;i,frnf&? yOrESif h? txajrmufrS? onf;csmwluG? armifESrukd? Muifqjrwfav;? om;axG;rnf&nf? ay;&rnfwnf;/

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\rjcm;vSvS? tOf;rwpfa,muf? aumufapwwef? tjyefwGufq? ESpfq,f uswGif? ESrtvwf? pkcG JrSwfavm/

    aooyfpkNrJ? ESpfq,fxJwGif? pkcG Jyifukd? tvwfqk dom;? xk donfrdef;r? ,lNyD;rSvQif? pkqyk Hjyif? enf;wlwGifvnf;? a&Tpifom;vwf? qkH;jzwfcG JcGJ? yk HNrJESpfq,f? pk&m0,f? om;i,fwp? enf;wlcs? owrajrmuf?a&mufonfcspfzG,f? orD;i,fuk d? a&G;cs,fwpk? usefrIOpm? ocsF mcwfwdrf;? atmufrdef;ri,f ? wq,fwGufcsuf?

    yk Hxm;euf0,f? pk0ufa0ay;? taxG;ESr? xk duwwef? qif hq,f jyefwGif? wwefwGufq? pk0ufusud k? armifujrif;ajz? ,lapodrf;ykduf? taXG;wk dufvqif ? aevk duf rajzmif h? aemufpkaygif;wk dY? axG;aESmif;usol? pk0uf,l &if;?NyD;wlzsif;ajy? ypnf;a0usef? q,f hwjyefuk d? axmif ha&S Uaemufajrmuf? q,f hwpfa,muf fvQif? xufatmufwluG?armifESrwkd Y? rQwa0cH? aomaomnHonf/wifpvuF smvuf0Jwnf;/

    a&S;OD;a,musf m;? av;a,mufzG m;rS? av;yg;rdef;r? ykHcsxk datmuf? wa,mufomyif? xk dwGifuef YqD;?orD;wa,muf? xk datmufom;aumif;? xk dasemuforD;? BuD;BuD;i,f ? ESD;EG,fpdppf? wq,f hckepfwGif? om;cspfESpfyg;?a&S;OD;zGm;ESihf? atmufig; qif h0,f? rdciforD;? oGif;NyD;,SOfum? okH;a,mufrSmrl? acgifcsmvGefusL;? ae&mxl;\/

    om;OD;xkdaemuf? om;ESpfa,mufESifh? xkdatmufrdef;r? wluGpHxm;? ok H;yg;vkH;ukd? azmifk H;opfopf? om;vwfjzpfvif h? ckepftif uGuf? atmuf&Spfcsuf0,f? ,SOfvsufarG;zG m;? orD;rsm;ESih f? om;wpfa,mufyg? ok H;a,mufrS mum;? a0g[modvG,f? om;i,fpm&if;? xk drSrmukd? remvkday? uk difqkyfqG J aomf? aiGESpfq,f avsmf?yg;erf;aomfum;? a&TavS mf&J&J? ESpfusyfcGJwnf;? 0wfvJxydef? yifhvSpfcsDaomf? od*ok H;usyf? avsmfaptyf\/zufvnf ,Suf? &ifcGifxuf0,f? ykdufvnf ;ae? vufajcwifaomf? aiGckepfusyf? ig;rl;wwfavm/

    um;wefqm? *gxmyk'fyg|f? "rowftaygif;? qk H;jzwfaMumif;uk d? vrf; a[mif;xGifcG m? okd Yjcif;&mjzih f?rdp mt&? t&mcs? rdef;rESapfaxmif;? aysmfaMumif; odyfvnf; rtyfav&m? tmeE m[k? ur modef;ajr?jznh fonfyg&rD? avmif;vsmyDvsuf? rxDvSnhfpm;? ol Yr,m;uk d? ck d;rS m;acsrI? a&mk0wGif umvjrif haxG? uka#wpfodef;?wGufudef;ru? cHcJ hrSvQif? ADzemorkwf? rsKd;aqG,kwfom;? jzpfjim;ESifESif? ok H;usdyfpif[k? tr*Fvm? t&mrEkH?eykef;vnf;jzpf? tjypfwefwef? cH&[efuk d? usrf;*ef,l iif? OmPfopfqif? qdwfvQifajrBuD;? rD;usD&J&J? oHawGcJuk d?om;cJrSwfae? Munh fwwfapavmh? av;axGr&Sd? tuwdvnf;? rodao;NrHK? uyfvS mwk Hvnf;? arT;MuLat;pG m?

    a&eYHomjzih f? pifpGmaq;ap-ukefownf;/wawGoif;ayg? w&m;cH&m? av&efrS mum;? tmum0,frIdif;? armif&Tifqk dif;ESih f? oG m;wkdif;ruGm? vk dufaumif;ygokdY? yrm,lav? ykHES,f,Gif;cRwf? rdef;r0wfjzihf? rTwfkdao? ykHaqa,muf sm;um;? &efyG m;rvI H? vufrwkefaomf? vlyk Htv,f ? &SufpzG,faMumih f? ok H;q,f aiGus? rdef;ravsmfap?oa& uif;vGwf? a,musf m;0wfukd? qG JcRwfvQifvnf;? xk denf;avsmfjypf? OD;&mZfoGefoGef? aAmif;0wfqHukd? qG JcRwf facsaomf? avsmfaiGtpif ? ig;usyfyifwnf;/ xk dwGif cg;0wf? cRwfcsifcRwfcsif? MunfGwfom&Tif? uRrf;0ifcspfazmf?taysmftysuf? a&m&uf&Tifjy? cRwforQrS m? a'gorajrmf? pGrf;razmfonf/ /tavsmfvGwfap uif;a0;ownf;/

    ewf jrpf -OD;0go0ewf jrpf -OD;0go0ewf jrpf -OD;0go0ewf jrpf -OD;0go0ewf jrpf -OD;0go0uk d;um;aomusrf ;uk d;um;aomusrf ;uk d;um;aomusrf ;uk d;um;aomusrf ;uk d;um;aomusrf ;]ya0PD"rowf usrf ;rS}]ya0PD"rowf usrf ;rS}]ya0PD"rowf usrf ;rS}]ya0PD"rowf usrf ;rS}]ya0PD"rowf usrf ;rS}

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

    toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\toQifpudE\

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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    (xkdukef;awmf&S dapwDi,fwpfqlrSxGufus&&S donf )(10) a0omvDtrSwf-4 ukef;ausmufpm? at'D6 &mpkxd k;/(11) rif;jym;usdef;awmifay:rS ausmufpm/ (6 &mpkESih f & &mpkxk d;/ (rif;jym;NrdKUwGif&Sdaeonf/)(12) a0omvDacgif;avmif;pm 2-ck(6-&mpkESihf 7-&mpkxkd;)(13) pjEoD&drdzk&m;ausmufpm(14) a0omvDNrdKUa[mif;ausmufpm(15) a0omvDNrdKUa[mif;pwkygausmufpm

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    azmfjyyg ausmufpmtjyifapwDwnfaumif;rIjyK? acgif;avmif;oGef;? qDrD;cGufylaZmf? pwlyg (xlyg)i,fapwDausmufpmrsm;vnf; &S dao;\/ if ;tm;vk H;wk d YrS m a0omvDacwfa&;xk d;cJ haom ausmufpmrsm; yifjzpfMu\/ausmufpmwk d Yt& xkdumvtwGif; Ak'bmomxGef;um;&m oa&acw&mysLEkdifiH? oD[k dVfEk difiHESih f emvE?armfa,memrmwd? wmjrywea'owk dYESih f qufoG,fcJh&monf/

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    C:\YIN KYE MU NO 8 SISISYE.P65

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