raman khattar

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A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

Changing consumerprospective

On various mobile

services

Submitted to: -

(Punjab Technical University)

Jalandhar

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For The

Degree of Masters in Business Administration

Session (2007-2009)

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

RIMT-IMCT Sunil kumar.

MANDI GOBINDGARH ROLL.NO. 7116223127

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This project has been a great learning experience for me and I would like to

express my gratitude towards all the people who guided me throughout, and without

whose guidance and support, this project would not have been completed successfully.

I would like to thanks to Mr. Harpreet singh gabba who allow to me to get

training in imrb. I also thankful to Mr. jagdeep Singh from IMRB who help me a lot in

completing my project report.

My sincere gratitude to my faculty guide, Mr. vishal , and Mr. Pushpinder who

has been a source of knowledge and inspiration.

I would like to thank all the respondents who gave there precious time to fill my

questionnaires.

Sunil Kumar

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This project report is the result of my efforts for customer perception towards leadingbrands of various mobile services. It is an integral part of MBA course and it aims toprovide practical experiences to the students besides theoretical knowledge. The practicalimplementation of theoretical concepts helps the students to analyze the real world andwhich in turn widely influence their conception and perception.

A project work program helps us to get an overall view and exposure of theindustry and various trends and opportunities in that industry. It enhances the confidenceand boosts the morale of the students and broadens their area of knowledge. Theseprograms are included in the curriculum of studies for the development of the personality

of the students and help them come out of just the limited scope of books.

I am happy that we have an opportunity to work on the project where I got tolearn a lot about the mobile service sector, the consumer perception towards these. I havetried my best to present each and every aspect of the study as clear as possible and hopemy efforts will not go in vain.

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4

Chapter1st

Introduction


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INTRODUCTION

India, the world's fastest growing major mobile market, added 1.51 million new

wireless users in November, industry associations said on Tuesday.

At 2 U.S. cents a minute, Indian call rates are about the cheapest anywhere in the world.

These tariffs, and dropping handset rates, have helped the 46.47 million user wireless

industry grow between 3 and 4 percent each month. Mobile telephony began in 1995 in

India, and carriers such as Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd., 28 percent owned by Singapore

Telecommunications Ltd., are now furiously expanding across the country.

Only last month, the number of mobile users exceeded fixed-line customers, but still less

than five in a 100 people own a handset. The Cellular Operators Association, which

represents nine carriers, said in a statement 1.143 million users opted for their servicesbased on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) standard, taking their total subscriber base

to 35.937 million customers. More than 367,000 users opted for mobile services that

work on the Code Division Multiple Access technology, the rival association of CDMA

carriers said, adding their user base stood at 9.484 million. This does not include the

CDMA mobile customers of state-run Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) and

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. Both companies do not release new user additions, but

analysts say their combined base exceeds a million customers. Overall monthly additions

in November were higher than October, when 1.45 million users signed up.

The customer base of Reliance Infocomm Ltd., India's largest provider of CDMA-based

services, stood at 8.728 million, and the user base of India's largest GSM firm, Bharti,

touched 9.416 million customers. New Delhi-based BSNL's GSM user base rose to 8.152

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million, and the number of customers at the Indian mobile unit of Vodafone

Telecommunications International Ltd. conglomerate rose to 6.858 million.

INDIA'S MOBILE SERVICE REVENUE TO HIT US$24BN BY 2009

Revenues of the Indian cellular services market will reach US$24bn by the end of 2009,

recording a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 35.6%, according to Gartner.

The global technology research firm also stated that the Indian cellular services market

recorded the highest growth across Asia Pacific and Japan in 2004 with a CAGR of 67%.

Gartner predicts that the Asia Pacific and Japan cellular services market will reach

US$225bn in 2009, representing a CAGR of 6.2% from 2004. The Indian cellular market

will account for 11% of the overall Asia Pacific and Japan market by 2009, it adds. "The

cellular industry is a mass market phenomenon that relies on economies of scale. Time to

market advantage is critical and favours those who follow aggressive network expansion.

In the forthcoming years, the capability and capacity to invest in penetrating semi-urban

and rural markets will be important determinants for increasing market share and creating

sustainable businesses in the Indian cellular marketplace," said Kobita Desai, Principal

Telecom Analyst for Asia Pacific at Gartner. "Regulatory constraints have been eased in

response to unrelenting market pressures and this has created ideal conditions for growth

opportunity, investment and consolidation in the telecom sector."

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share for spending beyond basic voice services and the high cost of data services,

believes Gartner. These act as a barrier to entry for mass market adoption, it adds.

VARIOUS MOBILE SERVICES PROVIDORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

AIRTEL

AirTel is a brand ofcell phone services in India operated by Bharti Televentures.

The AirTel brand has been one of the highly successful Telecom brands in India. Bharti

Televentures owns the AirTel brand and provides the following services under the brand

name AirTel: Mobile Services (using GSM Technology), Broadband & Telephone

Services (Fixed line and Internet Connectivity), Long Distance Services and Enterprise

Services (Telecommunications Consulting for corporates). Bharti Tele-Ventures is India's

leading private sector provider of telecommunications services based on a strong

customer base consisting of 11 million total customers which constitute, 10 million

mobile and 1 million fixed line customers, as of February 2007. AirTel has ambitious

plans to provide 25 million connections by mid-2008. There is fierce competition among

local telecommunications companies to provide better service and AirTel is regarded as

one of the top communications service provider in the Asian region too.

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As of June 2007, Airtel has 12 million subscribers. World leaders in the telecom industry

such as Vodafone and SingTel hold partial stakes in Airtel.

Tapping an Unexplored Market : The cellular and fixed-line penetration levels

in India are lower than those in most developed countries in the world.

Compounded annual growth of cellular subscribers in the FY97 - FY01 period

was 80%. Despite that, the market is still under-penetrated and offers significant

potential for growth. According to Gartner estimates, the cellular subscribers will

grow to approximately 31 million in 2007 from the present 4.8 million. Another

estimate by COAI sees the numbers at 50 million. This shows the potential of the

telecom industry over the next four years.

Right Positioning of Bharti : Bharti Tele-Ventures, one of the main holding

companies of unlisted Bharti Enterprises has emerged as one of the strongest

players in the fast-changing and rapidly growing Indian telecommunications

market. As of September 30, 2001, approximately 92% of India's total number of

cellular subscribers resided in Bharti's existing and proposed cellular circles. The

company is thus well placed to capitalize on the fast growing mobile phone

market.

Money comes back faster : The telecom businesses are highly capital intensive

and have long gestation periods. However, we believe Bharti to see faster pay

backs than any other players in the industry.

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Stock market Titan in the making : With 185 million shares on offer, Bharti is

all set to make it to the top 10 Indian companies based on market cap straight on

listing along with Infosys, Reliance, Wipro, HLL etc.

Attractive Pricing : The floor pricing of the bid is likely to done at a level which

will be profitable for both short and long term investors

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VODAFONE

Vodafone is a national cellular operator in India. It covers most of India. Now

orange has been renamed as Vodafone with a red background instead of the previous

orange colour. It offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage

throughout India and is especially strong in the major metros. It is often praised for its

award winning advertisements which follow a non-cluttered approach. A recurrent theme

is that its message "Hutch is now Vodafone" stands out visibly though it uses only black

letters on white background. Vodafone recently bought BPL mobile.

Vodafone subscriber base in India according to COAI - Cellular Operator Association of

India as on December2007.

Delhi - 693991 (Vodafone)

Mumbai - 1778144 (Vodafone)

Chennai - 350275 (Vodafone)

Kolkata - 817351 (Vodafoneison Telecom)

Karnataka - 914551 (Vodafone)

Punjab - 526791 (Vodafone)

Uttar Pradesh - west - 451347 (Vodafone)

West Bengal & Andaman and Nicobar- 359153 (VodafoneTelecom)

Key Investment Highlights

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Unique spread of telecom operations in dynamic markets

Consistent track record of creating value

Management strength and depth

Leading market positions

Strong growth momentum

Strategy

Invest in emerging markets with;

Low mobile penetration

Sizeable population base

Stable political and regulatory environment and

Economic development

Build superior mobile operations

Product innovation

Branding

Customer service

Leverage the group resources

Maximize return

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SPICE

Spice Telecom the brand name of Spice communications Limited is presently

operating Cellular Phone Services in the states of Punjab and Karnataka. Considered as

one of the best providers of mobile telephony in India, Spice is a 51:49 joint venture

between Spicecorp (India)- the flagship company of MCorp Global group that first

introduced India to mobile phone services and has interests in the field of

telecommunications, office automation and information technology and DISTACOM

(Hong Kong)-a company with over 20 years of experience in mobile communication

which was responsible for bringing mobile telephony to Hong Kong along withVodafoneison Telecom.

OPERATIONS

Launched over six years ago under the brand name of "Spice", the Company's cellular

services have already built up a strong customer base of over 7,00,000 in two of India's

most challenging and lucrative markets Punjab and Karnataka.

During the course of time Spice has assumed the position of a market leader in both the

circles of its operation. In both the circles Spice retains its leadership position and

continues to grow at a fast pace. Recently, Spice Punjab added another feather in its cap

by being declared the Number one operator for having the highest number of

international roaming partnerships in over 169 countries.

With its central hub in Mohali (near Chandigarh), Spice Network covers more than 154

towns and cities of Punjab with seamless coverage over 2250 km of roads and highways.

Today, Spice has a distribution strength of over 5000 retail points in every corner of

Punjab. Spice has further introduced innovative tariff packages tailor-made to extend its

reach to more than 5,00,000 subscribers in Punjab, covering 93% of urban population,

with support from a strong operational and billing network.

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In Karnataka Spice has undertaken a large cellular infrastructure project that involves a

1100 km Optic Fiber Cable backbone catering to the needs of customers all over the state.

The companys roll out plan is on target as it has covered 90% of district headquarters

within a span of four years of operation. At present the service is operational in 46 key

towns / cities with a coverage of more than 900 villages.

WORK FORCE AND INVESTMENT

The company has a consolidated workforce of around 240 employees from diverse

Educational and Cultural backgrounds. Out of these 60 % are professionally qualified.

Spice has invested a sum of Rs. 1,616 crores on its operations in Punjab.

SPICE VENTURE

In Spice Telecom Punjab, we have set ourselves the goal of being market leaders in

whatever we do. However achieving this is far difficult than saying it. To succeed, we

need to focus on two main thrust areas Total Quality Management & Professionalism. By

accepting and committing to these, we will achieve our mission.

Mission of Spice Telecom is

To have satisfied customers, employees & shareholders.

Focus Areas

The above said mission will be achieved through/ by

Setting and implementing the budget and Business Plan.

Benchmarking best practices to constantly monitor quality of service delivered to

internal and external customers.

Motivating employees to optimize productivity.

Facilitating employees work through well-defined processes.

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Core Values.

Team Work

Trust

Strive for Excellence

Integrity

Commitment and Ownership

Recognition of Performance.

Discipline

Culture and Behaviour

The Spice culture is an expression of our corporate ideology, guided by the Mission and

Values of Spice Communications Ltd. i.e. to have satisfied customer, employees and

shareholders. Every Spicean reflects the core values of teamwork, trust, strive for

excellence, integrity, commitment and ownership, discipline, on which we have grounded

ourselves.

The openness, the positive approach and assertiveness of Spiceans, is reflected in the

service extended to our external customers and the work culture in the Organization.

We welcome new ideas and objective criticism to improve upon current methodologies

and practices to benchmark them and bring them at par with the world standards. We

remain very focused on the business goals and all this is achieved through open lines of

communication and commitment by our people. Our strong beliefs have helped us to

serve our Customers better than the best in the cellular Industry and that is what makes us

the differentiators.

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BSNL

BSNL is the corporate entity of two former Government departments:

DTO (Department of telecom operations)

DTS (Department of telecom services)

On October 1, 2000 the Department of Telecom Operations, Government of India

became a corporation and was christened Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited(BSNL).

Today, BSNL is the No. 1 Telecommunications Company and the largest Public

Sector Undertaking of India with authorized share capital of $ 3977 million and

networth of $ 14.32 billion. It has a network of over 45 million lines covering 5000

towns with over 35 million telephone connections.

With latest digital switching technology like OCB,EWSD,AXE-10,FETEX,NEC etc.

and widespread transmission network including SDH system upto 2.5 gbps, DWDM

system upto 80 gbps,Web telephony,DIAS,VPN, Broadband and more than 400,000

data customers , BSNL continues to serve this great nation .

Its responsibilities include improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom

services, expansion of telecom network, introduction of new telecom services in all

villages and instilling confidence among its customers.

BSNL has managed to shoulder these responsibilities remarkably and deftly.

Today with over 45 million line capacity, 99.9% of its exchanges digital, nation wide

Network management & surveillance system (NMSS) to control telecom traffic and

over 4,00,000 route kms of OFC network, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd is a name to

reckon with in the world of connectivity. Along with its vast customer base, BSNL's

financial and asset bases too are vast and strong. Consider the figures, as they speak

volumes on BSNL's standing:

The telephone infrastructure alone is worth about Rs. 1,00,000 crore (US $ 22.74

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billion)Turnover of Rs. 31,400 crore ( US $ 7.14 billion)

Add to which, BSNL's nationwide coverage and reach, comprehensive range

of telecom services and a penchant for excellence; and you have the ingredients for

restructuring India for a bright future. Today, BSNL is most trusted Telecom Brand of

India.

VISION AND MISSION

VISION

To become the largest telecom Service Provider in South east Asia.

MISSION

i. To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services

on demand at affordable price.

ii. To Provide world class telecom infrastructure to

develop country's economy.

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TELECOM SECTOR UPDATE (INDIA)

Telecom statistics

October05 November05 December 05

Total subscribers 116.12mn 119.9mn 123.85mn

Tele-density 10.66 11.00 11.43

Fixed line 48.17mn 48.47mn 48.93mn

Additions during the month 0.34mn 0.28mn 0.46mn

Mobile 67.95mn 71.46mn 75.92mn

Total additions during the month 2.90mn 3.51mn 4.46mn

GSM additions 2.11mn 2.32mn 3.19mn

CDMA additions 0.79mn 1.18mn 1.17mn

Source: TRAI

Indias tele-density in December 2007 reached 11.43% with the subscriber base touching

the 124mn mark. During December 2005, record 4.92mn subscribers were added as

against 3.8mn subscribers in November 2005. This strong growth could be attributed to

lifetime validity cards launched by almost all operators. More than 30mn subscribers

have been added in the year 2007. In the fixed segment, a total of 0.46mn subscribers

were added during December 2007, taking the subscriber base of fixed line services to

48.93mn. In the mobile segment, total additions during the month summed up to 4.46mn

with highest ever GSM additions of 3.19mn and CDMA additions of 1.17mn. During the

year 2007, 27.91mn subscribers have been added.

Maxis buys Aircel for $1.08bn

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Maxis Communications Berhad has agreed to pay around $800mn for a 74% stake in the

C Sivasankaran-controlled Aircel Ltd. The promoters of the Apollo Hospital Group

would hold the remaining stake. Aircel owns the Tamil Nadu and Chennai GSM circles

and has a combined mobile telephone subscriber base of over 2.16mn. At an enterprise

value of $1.07bn, the Malaysian company will be paying about $496 per subscriber for

the deal.

This was the fourth time Sivasankaran struck a deal to sell Aircel. His earlier moves were

stalled because the department of telecommunications (DoT) refused to issue the

necessary clearances. Apart from Maxis, Sivasankaran was also in talks with Telecom

Malaysia for selling a stake in his company.

In June last year, Sivasankaran had struck a deal with Vodafoneison Essar to sell the

entire equity of the company for $362mn. With a subscriber base of 850,000 at that time,

Vodafone was willing to pay around Rs 18,000 per subscriber. But the deal fell through

because the DoT did not clear the acquisition. In February this year, Sivasankaran signed

an agreement with AFK Sistema of Russia to sell a 49 per cent stake for $450mn. This

deal expired in March. However, the company was offering $546 per subscriber, higher

than the Maxis offer. In June 2005, a group of US investors lead by Pequot Ventures had

offered to buy 30% in Aircel for $350mn. The talks fell though.

Maxis Communications Berhad, which started commercial operations in 1995, is the

leading telecommunications service provider in Malaysia. The fifth largest public

company in Malaysia, it provides a wide range of mobile, fixed and international network

services. It has also begun 3-G services in the country.

DoT proposes revenue sharing for ADC

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In a written communication to the PMO, the DoT has asked to delink the jurisdiction on

access deficit charge (ADC) from Trai and hand it over to DoT. The PMO is expected to

give a decision regarding the shifting of ADC to a revenue-sharing base, this month. DoT

has finalized a 5-6% of AGR (adjusted gross revenue) of a telecom company as the

proposed ADC, a levy paid by private players to compensate for BSNL's rural operations.

Currently, the government charges 30 paise per inter-circle call as ADC. The proposed

cut will effectively reduce ADC to just 4-5 paise per call, which will lower call costs,

further. Last month, Trai had opposed DoTs draft on ADC saying that a higher revenue

share will encourage grey market and may result in calls getting costlier. DoT in turn

barred Trai from issuing any statement on ADC under Section 25 of the Trai Act. Trai

and DoT have also pitched into a battle of supremacy on the spectrum issue. While Trai

recommended a GoM on the issue, DoT opposed it saying that the regulator had gone

beyond its brief. DoT is awaiting the PMO's decision before issuing any directive and has

asked Trai not to issue any order on ADC unless asked by DoT to do so. The current

jurisdiction of ADC lies with Trai, which had earlier ordered for the winding up of ADC

mechanism by 2008 and before that wanted a gradual reduction in ADC to BSNL from

the current Rs 5,000 crore. In case PMO asks DoT not to issue directive, then it will be

Trai's prerogative to issue an order on ADC. DoT has also pleaded with the PMO to

quickly decide on the issue as it is already gearing up for a OneIndia regime of two-slab

tariff structure (one for local and one for inter-circle) and if ADC is not moved from per

call basis at present to revenue-share then the lower tariffs would not be possible. The

department is hopeful that it would receive positive response from the PMO before the

end of this month so that this can be announced as a New Year package to customers

along with the already announced fee cut in the STD/ISD licenses.

TRAI to investigate lifetime offers

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TRAI seems determined to stem the rising tide of euphoria over lifetime validity offers

made by various cellular service providers. The regulator has announced that it will

investigate the viability of the different lifetime validity options, which have been

introduced of late. A TRAI official said that they would look into all aspects of these

schemes, and might take action if required and that TRAI would submit its report on the

matter soon. Recently there's been a spate of lifetime offers, with cellular operators

seemingly in a mad rush to provide lifetime validity pre-paid cards, with a one-time entry

fee. The trend-setter happened to be Sunil Mittal-owned Bharti Televentures which

introduced a lifetime offer with one-time payment of Rs 999. Soon Vodafone, Reliance

Infocom, Idea Cellular, Spice and even state-run behemoths - MTNL and BSNL,

followed suit. Apparently, none wanted to be left out in the cold. Idea cellular even went

a step further, by offering lifetime services in both the pre-paid and post-paid segments.

The extended validity plan is the brainchild of Tata Teleservices, which had earlier

offered a two-year validity on its pre-paid card. However, at the time the move was

strongly opposed by the Cellular Operators' Association of India (COAI) saying it might

amount to predatory pricing.

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MTNL plans GSM, CDMA upgrade in Mumbai by 2006 end

MTNL plans to upgrade both its CDMA and the GSM networks in Mumbai. The

upgrade, which is expected to be completed by the year-end, will help the public sectorentity to offer an additional 1.5 lakh GSM connections and 2.5 lakh CDMA lines in the

metro. The CDMA network would be upgraded to 1x standards, resulting in adding up

2.5 lakh connections to the existing 1.5 lakh lines supported by the network. The upgrade

is in the final stages of completion with network testing operations being carried. On the

GSM front, the network would be upgraded to support 3G services. This will add another

1.5 lakh connections, taking the total number of CDMA lines to 10 lakh in the metro by

the year-end. The company is also planning to float a tender for 4-million GSM lines, of

which 25 per cent will be reserved for 3G services. Of the 4 million, one million each

was to be launched in both the Delhi and Mumbai by 2006, while it was planning to add

40 more base transceiver stations (BTS) in Delhi by March 2006. MTNL already has

around 430 BTS in Delhi. The company was also planning to launch a Triband service,

that can offer all the three broadband services (voice, data and video) by March 2006.

Mobile telephony update

Mobile telephony services are rapidly expanding and have contributed approximately

91% to new subscriber additions in December 2007. The segments subscriber base grew

a record 6.24% mom to 75.92mn. Of the total subscribers added, almost 71% subscribers

belonged to the GSM segment and the rest were CDMA segment. This strong growth is

largely attributed to the lifetime validity cards launched by all major operators.

GSM mobile segment

India's GSM mobile operators added record 3.19mn subscribers in the month of

December. The highest ever addition since inception of servicewas largely due to life

time cards and falling handset prices.

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The total GSM subscriber base increased by 4.39% to 55.3mn

The month of December saw the GSM subscriber base increase by 5.76% mom to

58.5mn. The growth was largely due to the life time validity cards launched by major

players. The month saw the addition of 3.2mn subscribers as compared to 2.32mn in

November 2005 and 1.42mn in December 2004.

The growth was led by BSNL, which added over 1mn subscribers. Growth came from

Kolkata, Kerala, West Bengal and Bihar circles. Bharti added over 0.9mn subscribers led

by NE, Gujarat, MP and UP (E) regions.

MTNL, the state run PSU added over 80,000 subscribers. For MTNL, Mumbai witnessed

a growth of 6.3% and Delhi 5.2%.

GSM subscribers

Group

Company

Subscribers as of

November'05

Additions In

Dec

Subscribers as of

December'05(%)Growth

Bharti 15,416,002 911,148 16,327,150 5.91

BSNL 13,289,085 1,009,805 14,298,890 7.60

Vodafone 10,682,514 730,763 11,413,277 6.84

IDEA 6,210,172 263,790 6,473,962 4.25

BPL 2,868,143 21,555 2,889,698 0.75

Spice 1,553,571 73,510 1,627,081 4.73

Aircel 2,228,576 53,468 2,282,044 2.40

Reliance 1,623,851 40,849 1,664,700 2.52

MTNL 1,443,346 83,076 1,526,422 5.76

Total 55,315,260 3,187,964 58,503,224 5.76

Source: COAI

The Metro subscribers grew by 3.7% over the previous month. Although Delhi and

Mumbai continue to dominate in absolute terms, the rate of growth recorded was highest

for Chennai (4.3%) followed by Kolkata (3.7%) and Mumbai (3.3%) Category A circles

witnessed a growth of 5.8%. Amongst the Category A circles, Gujarat recorded highest

growth of 9.5% over the previous month, followed by Andhra Pradesh (5.9%) and

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Karnataka (5.8%). Among all circles, Category C circles continued to witness the highest

rate of growth at 10.1%, which is much higher as compared to Metros and A & B circles.

Within Category C circles, the highest additions were recorded by the NE (13%)

followed by Assam (11%) and Orissa (10.8%). Category C was followed by Category B

circles, which recorded a healthy growth of over 6% over the previous month. Highest

additions were recorded in West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar (12%) followed by Kerala

(10.1%) and Rajasthan (9.3%).

Circle wise subscriber addition

Circle November December (%)Growth % Share

Subscribers Subscribers

Metro 13,470,736 13,963,036 3.65 23.9

A 19,340,247 20,474,324 5.86 35.0

B 18,134,560 19,253,132 6.17 32.9

C 4,369,717 4,812,732 10.14 8.2

Total 55,315,260 58,503,224 5.76

Source: COAI

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CDMA mobile segment

CDMA subscribers base grew 8.1% mom to 16.78mn (figures excluding MTNL

numbers which were not available) with Tata contributing a chunk of additions in

subscriber base. Tata witnessed a whopping 14.7% mom growth in subscriber base,

touching the 3.7mn mark. This phenomenal growth witnessed over the last two months is

largely due to the 2-year non-stop incoming mobility from Tata. Reliance witnessed a

6.4% growth in the month of December. Reliance is gradually losing its market share to

Tata but still remained a market leader with a total subscriber base of 13mn.

CDMA subscriber data

Group

Company

Subscribers as of

November'05

Additions In

Dec

Subscribers as of


Reliance 12,229,420 785,547 13,014,967 6.4

Tata 3,207,682 472,927 3,680,609 14.7

Vodafone 61,782 2,027 63,809 3.3

Shyam 27,965 (475) 27,490 (1.7)

Total 15,526,849 1,260,026 16,786,875 8.1

Source: AUTSPI, excluding MTNL numbers

Market share of CDMA operators CDMA share of net additions

Source: AUTSPI

Fixed line

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During December 2005, 0.46mn subscribers were added in the fixed line segment and the

total subscriber base stood at 48.93mn. During the year 2005, about 4mn subscribers

were added, as compared to 2.67mn added during 2004. Growth in fixed line segment

continues to be driven by the fixed wireless terminals.

Fixed Wireless Terminals (FWT)

FWT continues to be one of the fastest growing segments with a record 6.2% mom

growth. Tata maintained it leadership position in FWT segment with 59.7% market share

amongst private players. In net additions, Reliance led with 66% share. However, Dots

latest ruling removing FWT service from the ambit of basic service and instead terming it

a limited mobile service liable to ADC levy may be a serious blow to the growth of this

segment.

Subscriber data of private players in FWT

Group

Company

Subscribers as of

November'05

Additions In

Dec

Subscribers as of


Tata 3,517,714 118,337 3,636,051 3.4

Reliance 2,131,379 232,288 2,363,667 10.9

Bharti 22,896 (38) 22,858 (0.2)

Vodafone 37,705 3,889 41,594 10.3

Shyam 27,265 147 27,412 0.5

Total 5,736,959 354,623 6,091,582 6.2

Source:AUTSPI

Market share of private players in FWTShare of net additions of private players

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Source:AUTSPI

Fixed wire line segment

The subscriber base of private operators in fixed wire line segment crossed the 2.1mn

mark with the segment witnessing 3.7% mom growth. Bharti continued with its topposition among private players with a 55.4% market share. Last month witnessed Bharti

starting its operations in Mumbai. It has a subscriber base of 10,674 subscribers in

Mumbai.

Subscriber data for private fixed wire line players

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Group

Company

Subscribers as of

November'05

Additions In

Dec

Subscribers as of


Bharti 1,122,801 53,854 1,176,655 4.8

Tata 402,930 3,986 406,916 1.0

Vodafone 195,413 2,360 197,773 1.2Shyam 139,416 593 140,009 0.4

Reliance 188,486 15,554 204,040 8.3

Total 2,049,046 76,347 2,125,393 3.7

Source:AUTSPI

Market share of private players in FWT Share of net additions of private players

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29

Chapter2nd

CompanyProfile


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PRESENTATION REGARDING THE LEARNING IN IMRB

DIFFERENT DEPRTMENTS IN IMRB

RESEARCH OFFICE

FIELD OFFICE

ANALYSIS

FIELD

DIFFERENT RESEARCH OFFICES

CSMM( Customer satisfaction Measurement and Management)

BIRD ( Business and Industrial Research Division)

PQR ( Pro Qualitative Research)

SRI ( Social in Rural Research)

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROJECT

HOUSEHOLD

SHOPS STUDY

CLT ( Central location test)

CORPORATE STUDIES

GDS ( Group discussion0

DIs ( Depth interviews)

Panel

RULES & REGULATIONS OF IMRB

ADMINISTRATION RELATED

COMMERCIAL RELATED

FIELD RELATED

PROJECT RELATED

ADMINISTRATION RELATED

ATTENDENCE REGISTER

LATE EVENING AND HOLIDAY REGISTER

MOVEMENT REGISTER

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Established in 1971 and with over three decades of market research experience, IMRB

International is a pioneer in India in various research areas. Associated with a group of

international market companies such as the British Market Research Bureau (BMRB) and

Millward Brown International, IMRB International operates out of thirteen cities in India

and has associate offices in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.

The 500 member strong IMRB International promises high quality conceptualisation,

strategic thinking, execution and interpretation skills on all its clients' research needs. In

1996, IMRB International managed 2,500 projects and 4,000,000 interviews. IMRB

International is the only research company in India today that offers the entire range of

research based services to its clients. IMRB International's specialised areas are consumermarkets, industrial marketing, business to business marketing, social marketing and rural

marketing.

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OUR LINEAGE

IMRB International is a division of Hindustan Thompson Associates (HTA) in India.IMRB is part of the Kantar Group, the information, insight and consultancy wing of the

WPP Group.

WPP is one of the world's largest communications services groups, employing 110,000people in own and associate companies, working in over 2,000 offices in 106 countries.WPP comprises leading companies in:

Advertising Media Investment Management Information, Insight & Consultancy Public Relations and Public Affairs Branding & Identity

Healthcare Communications Direct, Promotion & Relationship Marketing Specialist Communications

Within WPP, clients have access to companies of all the necessary marketing andcommunications skills. This offers clients a comprehensive and, when appropriate,integrated range of communications services.

Kantar Group

The Kantar group was established in 1993, a London based holding company responsible

for WPP's worldwide information and consultancy interests. Kantar, is the world's largestsurvey organization and is ranked 3rd overall. It comprises three global research

businesses - Research International, Millward Brown and Kantar Media Research and

four regional ones - BMRB International, IMRB International, Goldfarb and Winona.

Each is a leader in it's own area of expertise or specialization. The research studies inover 130 countries. The Kantar group specialises in :

Qualitative and quantitative research

Tracking studies International research Predictive modelling Media measurement Data capture and handling Strategic research Customer handling

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J.Walter Thompson Company

The world's first global brand communication company that provides its clients with bothshort term sales success and long term brand value. J.Walter Thompson was founded in

1864, with 246 offices globally and more than 9200 employees. JWT's proprietaryplanning process, thomson total branding in now installed in all offices world wideguaranting a uniform level of excellence in the development of Brand Vision, a BrandingIdea and Total Communication Plan.

Walker Information Global Network (WIGN)Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement (CSMM), one of the specialist unitsof IMRB International, is an exclusive-member of Walker Information Global Network(WIGN) in the Indian subcontinent. Walker Information Global Network is the onlyinternational partnership dedicated exclusively to stakeholder measurement andmanagement. CSMM uses proprietary tools developed by Walker Information, therecognised pioneer in customer satisfaction. own International.

Research International (RI)

Research International is a world's largest custom market research agency. It has moreoffices in more than 50 countries and has an experience of working in over 130 countries.

Research International specialises in :

Branding and Communication Innovation and Product Development Category Management

Consumer strategy Customer Relationship Service measurement

Associates and Affiliate companies

IMRB International has acted as a catalyst in the development of market research infrastructure

in neighboring countries. We work with associate companies in Sri Lanka (Lanka Market

Research Bureau) and in the Middle East (Arab Market Research Bureau), and through affiliates

in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Egypt, Tunisia, Nepal,

Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

IMRB International has been offering over 30 years of specialist research services to

clients in India and overseas on products and services covering the entire gamut of

business and industry. IMRB International today, operates out of its five full service

offices in Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai and Bangalore and is supported by 15 other

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regional centres for collection of survey information that literally span the entire country.

We are able to provide the highest quality of professional services to the utmost

satisfaction of our clients which include the small medium and large scale industries, the

government and public sector units, multinational corporations and international

companies that are eyeing the highly promising Indian market.

To serve the diverse needs of our clients, we also have five specialist units :-

Probe Qualitative Research (PQR)

Social and Rural Research Institute (SRI)

Media & Panel Research Group

Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement (CSMM) Business & Industrial Research Division (BIRD) and the eTechnology

Group@IMRB International

Probe Qualitative Research is one of India's leading qualitative research groups and has

executives specially trained in India and overseas in qualitative research methods.

Drawing on learning from ethnography, psychology and anthropology, PQR has created a

validated tool-kit for product, communication and brand development.

The Social and Rural Research Institute specialises in social research and in

conducting research on emerging rural markets. It has staff with special expertise in

conducting Knowledge, Attitudes & Practice (KAP), Studies on health and sanitation,

water, environment and other fields, in India as well as internationally.

The Media and Panel Group of IMRB International is a pioneer in the field of media

research in India. It has been conducting the National Readership Surveys in India since

1978. It has been running India's only Television Rating Programme (TRP) since 1986,

the year in which television went commercial in a major way. It has also developed its

own people meters.

Customer Satisfaction Management & Measurement is part of the Walker

Information Global Network and is the first such specialist organisation in India with an

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exclusive focus on customer and employee satisfaction, reputation and stakeholder

assessment

Business & Industrial Research Division (BIRD) and the eTechnology

Group@IMRB International: As industrial markets transformed from monopolies to

competitive markets, the need for research based consultancy services was demanded of

IMRB International. IMRB International spun off the Business & Industrial Research

Division to meet the growing and changing needs of the industrial marketer. Over a

decade of research experience in telecommunication, office automation, information

technology and the convergence of these technologies has given the eTechnology Group

of IMRB International, knowledge and experience in a wide spectrum of hardware,

software and services.

IMRB International's Divisions: Consumer Research

Set up in 1971, the Quantitative Division at IMRB International is the oldest research unit

in the country. In our three decades of research experience in India, we have worked on

almost all product categories, and have the expertise in the entire gamut of research

methodologies and techniques.

At IMRB International, we use Millward Brown techniques for research related to

Advertising Pre-testing, Brand Equity Measurement and Brand Tracking, for which we

are the sole licensees for the Indian subcontinent.

You can find out more about the Millward Brown International Process in India by

downloading it in

IMRBInternational's Divisions: Media Panel Group

IMRB International has been a pioneer in conducting large scale Media and continuous

panel research in India. It has historically been associated with the National Readership

Surveys (NRS) conducted in India since 1978. The Television Rating Points System

(TRP) from IMRB International is India's only continuous Television Audience

Measurement service since 1986, the year in which television in India went commercial

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in a major way. The TRP ratings are the official "currency" for air time transactions in the

country. Currently, the TRP Diary System is in the process of changing over to

PeopleMeter based audience measurement service. The industry contract to set up the

National PeopleMeter based Television Audience Measurement System has been

awarded to the joint venture company being set up by IMRB International in

collaboration A.C.Nielsen

In addition, the Media & Panel Research Group also operates Consumer Purchase Panels

in both urban and rural India which monitors the purchase of FMCGs, toiletries, personal

products and OTC medicinal products.

IMRBInternational'sDivisions: PQR

Probe Qualitative Research (PQR) was established in 1979, in the belief that qualitative

research demands expertise and training inputs of an exceptional kind. From its inception

PQR has been associated with leading international qualitative research organisations. It

is the largest and fastest growing qualitative research organisation in the country.

PQR provides research which is analytical and actionable, seeking to resolve particular

client problems and questions and providing future direction. It also provides high quality

insight and multi-disciplinary exploration of consumer motivation and behaviour through

a strong base of multilingual research executives and moderators.

IMRBInternational'sDivisions: SRI

The Social and Rural Research Institute (SRI) was set up in 1990 with the objective of

establishing a specialist unit to give focus and identity to two aspects of research that

IMRB International had, in fact, been actively involved in for several years, namely,

social research and research of and for rural markets .

SRI uses a combination of desk research, qualitative research techniques such as focus

group discussions and participatory research as well as quantitative research techniques.

In addition SRI approaches each research subject with an open mind and adapts market

research techniques to suit the special requirements of illiteracy, poor articulation, several

languages and dialects.

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SRI has two distinct missions that guide its operations: To study social issues with

commitment, expertise, objectivity and an orientation towards actionability, and to set up

databases and research expertise with regard to marketing in rural India , where hitherto

there has been a paucity of data.

SRI guided by its mission specialises in conducting Social research and Rural research.

Social research deals with research on causes and issues that can contribute to action

which would bring about social change. Rural research pertains to research in, of and for

rural areas, both for social issues as well as for rural marketing.

Coverage

SRI takes pride in having the resources to conduct data collection in almost any part of

the country. It can undertake nation wide surveys almost simultaneously and much faster

than others. In last three years, we have undertaken four nation wide surveys and have

our presence in almost all parts of the country.

IMRB International's Divisions: Media & Panel Group

IMRB International has been a pioneer in conducting large scale Media and continuous

panel research in India. It has historically been associated with the National Readership

Surveys (NRS) conducted in India since 1978. The Television Rating Points System

(TRP) from IMRB International is India's only continuous Television Audience

Measurement service since 1986, the year in which television in India went commercial

in a major way. The TRP ratings are the official "currency" for air time transactions in the

country. Currently, the TRP Diary System is in the process of changing over to

PeopleMeter based audience measurement service. The industry contract to set up the

National PeopleMeter based Television Audience Measurement System has been

awarded to the joint venture company being set up by IMRB International in

collaboration with A. C. Nielsen.

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In addition, the Media & Panel Research Group also operates Consumer Purchase Panels

in both urban and rural India which monitors the purchase of FMCGs, toiletries, personal

products and OTC medicinal products.

IMRB International's Divisions: eTechnology Group@IMRB

International

"It took 50 years for the world to have 50 million telephones and only 5 years for

Internet to reach 50 million users."

"There is a tremendous excitement in India surrounding the Internet. We have been

wanting to come to India for sometime now. In fact, India today is like the US was

some three years ago."

As the technology evolves and creates communications infrastructure, barriers to

progress continue to arise. Some problems are technical, economic or policy-related,

while the hardest combine all three aspects in any country.

"What you know is wrong!"

Today, that may be the easiest advice anyone can give about technology market. Even the

experts are constantly caught by surprise, How far things are estimated right? It is the

continuous link with the industry and constant monitoring that has given a few the

capabilities of understanding the movement of technology market and estimating things

right.

The Technology Group@IMRB International can dare claimimg that it is probably one of

the very few groups that has constantly monitored the technology market and actuallyestimated this difficult market quite well during the last few years.

The Henley Centre

The Henley Centre is a demand led strategy-consulting group with a mission to help

clients achieve and sustain profitable growth.

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Our Strategic Construct: Demand led Approach

Managing Profitable Growth will be the biggest challenge in the emerging

border-less business world

Geographical boundaries no longer limit business. The challenge to staying ahead

in this seamless economy is to be competitive in both domestic & global markets.

The easy availability of technology & capital, combined with reliance on cost

leveraged supply side strategies tend to weaken competitive insulation over time

and eventually lead to commoditization of brands and the parity of players.

Therefore, to maximise growth and profit and win over competition, businesses

would need to focus on understanding demand and use this understanding to drive

their creation and delivery of supply.

Businesses will become competent on Supply but their Unique understanding

of Demand will provide winning strategies to sustain competitive advantage

& profitable growth.

As consumers and markets continuously evolve in their needs & sophistication,

the challenge would be.

1. To successfully identify and understand holistic attractiveness of product-

markets.

2. To be relevant & differentiated through a well defined strategy to be

aligned with the most profitable product markets & consumer segments.

3. To ensure that the supply-side processes & organization deliver

consistently to the Demand-side mandate.

4. Innovate and Develop brands to reflect the totality of the Demand

Strategy. The THC-SMCG Intellectual Capital cuts across all majorindustry sectors, including new media, fmcg, retail, travel, financial

services, leisure, utilities, and telecom. Access to other WPP group

companies add to the strength of our resources.

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OBJECTIVE

41

Chapter3rd

Objectives &research

Methodology


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To study the various mobile services

To study the market strategy and promotion sales of mobile services

To study the various aspects about the mobile services

To find out the consumer prospective regarding the various mobile services

To study the features and benefits of the mobile services

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research refers to the organized method consisting of enunciating the problem

collecting facts, critically analyze of facts arriving at conclusion based on them.Formulation of the problem is the first & vita) step in research John says that It is a

familiar & significant saying that problem well put in is half solved.

RESERCH DESIGN

After research objectives the second stage of research calls for developing the most

efficient plan for gathering the needed information. Designing a research plan includes

decisions on data sources, research approaches, research instrument & sampling plan.

DATA COLLECTION

Collection of data regarding the problem under research is called data collection. Two

types of data can be used in research i.e. primary data & secondary data. I have used

primary data as well as well as secondary data for my project report.

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data is the data gathered for a specific purpose or specific research report. I

have collected primary data with help of questionnaires.

SECONDARY DATA

The secondary data is the data, which already exists & was collected for some other

purpose. The secondary data 1 have used in my research report is basically collected from

the business magazines, journals & websites of trade organizations.

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RESEARCH APPROACH

Primary data can be collected in four ways: Observation. Focus groups, Surveys &

Experiments. My approach to the research is survey based, as it is best suited to know

customer preferences & practices...

RESERARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used for carrying out the research is questionnaire as it is the most

economical, flexible & easy to understand device used for collection of data. Keeping in

view the research objectives, a questionnaire is prepared which is very easy to

understand. This questionnaire was tested to locate any discrepancy, in the pilot survey &

changes were made.

SAMPLING DEDIGN

The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly define the set of objects, as

my study is exploratory, the sampling design includes three decisions i.e. Sampling unit,

Sample size & Sampling procedure.

SAMPLING UNIT

In this research report the sampling unit includes the data collection of veterinarians and

medicinal records.

SAMPLING SIZE

The sample size of my research is 100 mobile subscribers, Large samples give more

reliable results that is why I tried my best to cover more veterinarians of different cities in

Punjab.

Sample Size 100

Sample Unit Mobile Subscribers (Airtel, Vodafone, Spice & BSNL)

Area of Survey Bhatinda.

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45

Chapter4th

DataAnalysis

&

Interpretation


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1: Which mobile service you are using?

(a) Airtel (c) Bsnl

(b) Vodafone ( D) Spice

Consumer Prospective

Airtel

42%

vodafo

25%

Spice

20%

BSNL

13%

Airtel

vodafo

Spice

BSNL

46

Interpretation:Airtel has the maximum subscribers due to their better service and

best network connectivity


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2: Which connection do you have?

(a) post paid

(b) pre paid


Post Paid

38%

Prepaid

62%

47

Interpretation: Maximum subscriber have prepaid connections rather than the post

paid ones as they want to use its fulltime usage of money.


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3: Which thing has made you to purchase that product?

(a) cost

(b) service

(c) regular connectivity


Service

38%

Cost

28%

Regular

Connectivity

34%

48

Interpretation: Cost not much matters but the regular connectivity and better

services are the Key points for any mobile service provider to be the best in the

market.


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4: How long have you been using the service of this company?

(a) 1-3 months

(b) 3-6 months

(c) 6-12 months

(d) More than a year


1-3 months

15%

3-6 months

18%

6-12 months

26%

more than a year

41% 1-3 months3-6 months

6-12 months

more than a year

49

Interpretation:Gone are the days when fewer people have mobile connection,

competition in the market and its full technical use make everyone taking usage and

now maximum subscribers have connections for many days.


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5: Why did you use this service?

(a) business purpose

(b) casual use

(c) status symbol


Casual Use32%

Business

Purpose

40%

Status

Symbol

28%

50

Interpretation:Maximum usage of mobile is in the business area and then come

the casual use


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6: Which facility you use more?

(a) incoming

(b) out going

(c) both equally


Outgoing

38%

Incoming

36%

both equally

26%

51

Interpretation:Mix response have been watched by the subscribers as they want to take

full use of it whether incoming or outgoing.


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7: Are you satisfied by the call rates and monthly rental?

(a) Yes

(b) No


Yes

59%

No

41%

52

Interpretation:When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy

with the call rates and monthly rentals but if get poor service then definitely it

pinches.


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8: Are you satisfied with the service you are getting ?

(a) Yes

(b) No


Yes

62%

No

38%

53

Interpretation: When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy

and satisfied.


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9: If the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free roaming

facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service.

(a) Yes

(b) No


Yes

72%

No

28%

54

Interpretation: Yes, the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call

rates and free roaming facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service


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10: From your prospective, what extra facilities you expect from the mobile services.

(a) Better Network Connectivity

(b) Free National Roaming

(c) Low Price International calls

(d) Free MMS and SMS Services


Better Netw orkConnectivity

28%

Free National

Roaming

22%

Low Price

International Calls

20%

Free MMS andSMS Services

30%

Better Network

Connectivity

Free National Roaming

Low Price International

Calls

Free MMS and SMS

Services

55

Interpretation: Mobile subscribers wants good connectivity, free MMS and SMS

services with free national roaming and low priced international calls.


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56

Chapter5

Conclusion &

recommendations


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FINDINGS

Airtel has the maximum subscribers due to their better service and best network

connectivity. Maximum subscriber have prepaid connections rather than the post paid

ones as they want to use its fulltime usage of money. Cost not much matters but the

regular connectivity and better services are the key points for any mobile service

provider to be the best in the market.

Gone are the days when fewer people have mobile connection, competition in the market

and its full technical use make everyone taking usage and now maximum subscribers

have connections for many days. Maximum usage of mobile is in the business area and

then come the casual use

Mix response have been watched by the subscribers as they want to take full

use of it whether incoming or outgoing.

When you get the good service and connectivity you remain happy with the call rates and

monthly rentals but if get poor service then definitely it pinches. When you get the good

service and connectivity you remain happy and satisfied.

Yes, the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free

roaming facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service. Mobile subscribers

wants good connectivity, free MMS andSMS services with free national roaming and

low priced international calls.

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SUGGESTIONS

Telecom companies whether GSM or CDMA, they have to be fully updated with

the technology to get fit in the telecom sector.

One notable break with the past is that with opening up of the developing

economies and widespread sectoral reforms, catching up process has become faster.

Developing countries with liberal policies have much better opportunity to leapfrog than

before. Mobile experience of the low-income countries bears testimony to this process.

India is a participant in this global process. There is tremendous appetite to absorb new

technology. At the higher end of the market, India will mimic the most sophisticated

telecom technology of the world and face all types of uncertainties that are associated

with any new technology anywhere in the world. It will take time for the market for new

technologies to consolidate. Market maturing will be a continuous process at some of

the segments of telecom sector. This holds good even today. Todays market does not

guarantee reliable revenue stream to investors in new technology like VoIP, broadband

and 3G since they lack an existing client base1. Side by side, a process of diffusion will

continue unhindered in respect of established technology in the mass market.

1

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Conclusion

In case of mobile services, the users are having maximum GSM service rather

than the CDMA service. The area of the internet is still watchful, it get improved but still

needs attention as many of the user still dont have internet facility.

The telecom sector has to grow its technology as to provide more and more broadband

services to the users in connection to remit out dial up connections which are slow ones .

Gone are the days when people are starving for just one telecom line connection, now the

scenario has changed and people now having 2 or also more than 2 telecom connections

with them.

Gone are the days when you have made queue for telecom connection, now are the days

when you just have dial toll free numbers and you will get the connection within few

days.

Growing competition has make the telecom market flexible, now there is no fix limit orbar, you can bargain at the time of arranging telecom connection for the personal and

professional use .

To provide better telecom services, companies are now providing discounts,

schemes and other lucrative gifts to attract the customer and in this context, their quality,

efficiency specially the demand is increasing. .

Mobile services have seen a remarkable growth in the telecom sector, as this is the

booming business for the mobile service providers and giving an edge to telecom services

in the country. Airtel and Vodafone are toping the chart in case of mobile communication

in the country with respect to other mobile service providers like Reliance, Tata Indicom

and BSNL. With the invasion of private service providers in the field of telecom services,

competition has gone up but still BSNL toping the chart.

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QUESTIONNAIRE

NAME: .LOCATION: PHONE NO.

SEX: ..

1: Which mobile service you are using?

(c) Airtel

(d) Vodafone

(e) Spice

(f) BSNL

2: Which connection do you have?

(c) post paid

(d) pre paid

3: Which thing has made you to purchase that product?

(d) cost

(e) service

(f) regular connectivity

4: How long have you been using the service of this company?

(a) 1-3 months

(b) 3-6 months

(c) 6-12 months

(d) more than a year

5: Why did you use this service?

(d) business purpose

(e) casual use

(f) status symbol

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6: Which facility you use more?

(d) incoming

(e) out going

(f) both equally

7: Are you satisfied by the call rates and monthly rental?

(c) Yes

(d) No

8: Are you satisfied with the service you are getting ?

(c) Yes

(d) No

9: If the other mobile service gives more benefit regarding call rates and free roaming

facilities, do you switch from your current mobile service.

(a) Yes

(b) No

10: From your prospective, what extra facilities you expect from the mobile services.

(e) Better Network Connectivity

(f) Free National Roaming

(g) Low Price International calls

(h) Extra Value Added Services

(i) Free MMS and SMS Services

Thank for your co-operation

Date: sunil kumar

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Library Resources

T H Chowdary, Journal of the Center for Telecom management and Studies,

Vol IX, No. 10, Hyderabad, October 2000

Bella Mody, State Consolidation through liberalization of Telecom; Journal of

communication 45(4) 1995

Rekha Jain, Review of the Policy Changes in the Indian Telecom Sector:

Implications for decision makers, Journal of Global Information Management

1(3), 1993

Internet Resources

www.indiamobiles.com/mobile_service_providers_india.htm

www.indianchild.com/cellular_ mobile_service_providers_india.htm

www.india-cellular.com/

www.airtelworld.com

www.spiceindia.com

www.bsnl.co.in

www.vodafoneindia.com

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http://www.airtelworld.com/http://www.spiceindia.com/http://www.bsnl.co.in/http://www.hutchindia.com/http://www.airtelworld.com/http://www.spiceindia.com/http://www.bsnl.co.in/http://www.hutchindia.com/


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raman khattar

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