RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING PENGUKURAN

KADAR BERSIH UDARA PADA RUANG SENDING PABRIK

FURNITURE BERBASIS WEB

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi

Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1

Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

KIKI OLIVIA

201210370311022

JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2017

iii

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia-

Nya, sehingga penulis dapat meyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul:

“RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING PENGUKURAN KADAR

BERSIH UDARA PADA RUANG SENDING PABRIK FURNITURE

BERBASIS WEB”

Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat studi yang harus ditempuh oleh

seluruh mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, guna menyelesaikan

akhir studi pada jenjang program Strata 1.

Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan dalam

penulisan Tugas Akhir ini. Untuk itu, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran yang

membangun agar tulisan ini dapat berguna untuk perkembangan ilmu

pengetahuan kedepan.

Malang, 20 Desember 2016

Penulis

Kiki Olivia

ix

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................. iv

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 3

1.4 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................................ 3

1.5 Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................................... 3

1.5.1 Studi Literatur .......................................................................................... 3

1.5.2 Perancangan ............................................................................................. 4

1.5.3 Implementasi ........................................................................................... 4

1.5.4 Uji Coba .................................................................................................. 4

1.5.5 Pembuatan Laporan ................................................................................ 4

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................... 4

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................... 6

2.1 Udara ............................................................................................................. 6

2.1.1 Udara Bersih ............................................................................................ 6

2.1.2 Pencemaran Udara ................................................................................... 7

2.2 Ruang Sending ............................................................................................... 8

2.3 Sensor Gas MQ-7 ........................................................................................... 9

2.4 Sensor Gas MQ-2........................................................................................... 10

2.5 Arduino Uno .................................................................................................. 11

x

2.6 Arduino Ethernet Shield ............................................................................... 12

2.7 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) ...................................................................... 13

2.8 LED (Light Emitting Diode) ......................................................................... 13

2.9 Buzzer ........................................................................................................... 14

2.10 Blower .................................................................................................... 14

2.11 Web Server ............................................................................................. 15

2.12 PHP ........................................................................................................ 15

2.13 MySQL .................................................................................................. 16

BAB III ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN ................................................ 17

3.1 Analisa Sistem.............................................................................................. 17

3.1.1 Analisa Kebutuhan ................................................................................. 17

3.1.2 Kebutuhan Fungsional ........................................................................... 17

3.2 Perancangan Sistem .................................................................................... 18

3.2.1 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak ............................................................. 18

3.2.1.1 Diagram Blok Sistem ....................................................................... 18

3.2.1.2 Diagram Alur Sistem ....................................................................... 19

3.2.1.3 Perancangan User Interface ............................................................. 19

3.2.1.4 Perancangan Database ..................................................................... 21

3.2.2 Perancangan Perangkat Keras ............................................................... 22

3.2.2.1 Rancangan Sensor MQ-7 .................................................................. 22

3.2.2.2 Rancangan Sensor MQ-2 .................................................................. 22

3.2.2.3 Rancangan Arduino Uno dan Ethernet Shield .................................. 23

3.2.2.4 Rancangan LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) ........................................ 24

3.2.2.5 Rancangan LED (Light Emitting Diode) ........................................... 24

3.2.2.6 Rancangan Buzzer ............................................................................. 25

3.2.2.7 Rancangan Relay ............................................................................... 26

BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN ........................................... 27

4.1 Implementasi Perangkat Keras ..................................................................... 27

4.1.1 Implementasi Rangkaian Sensor MQ-7 ................................................. 27

4.1.2 Implementasi Rangkaian Sensor MQ-2 ................................................. 28

4.1.3 Implementasi Arduino Uno dan Ethernet Shield ................................... 28

4.1.4 Implementasi LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) ........................................ 29

xi

4.1.5 Implementasi LED (Light Emitting Diode) ........................................... 30

4.1.6 Implementasi Buzzer ............................................................................. 31

4.1.7 Impelementasi Relay ............................................................................. 31

4.2 Implementasi Perangkat Lunak ................................................................... 32

4.2.1 Implementasi Program Arduino ............................................................ 32

4.2.2 Implementasi Program Web .................................................................. 36

4.2.2.1 Koneksi Database ............................................................................. 36

4.2.2.2 Grafik data ........................................................................................ 37

4.2.2.3 Tabel Data ........................................................................................ 38

4.2.2.4 Implementasi Database .................................................................... 38

4.2.2.5 Tampilan User Interface .................................................................. 40

4.3 Pengujian .................................................................................................... 41

4.3.1 Pengujian Fungsional ........................................................................... 41

4.3.2 Pengujian Non Fungsional ................................................................... 42

4.3.3 Pengujian Sensor gas MQ-7 dan MQ-2 ............................................... 42

4.3.4 Pengujian Sistem Secara Keseluruhan ................................................. 43

4.3.5 Analisa Hasil Pengujian ....................................................................... 45

BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 46

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 46

5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 46

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 47

LAMPIRAN

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Bentuk fisik sensor MQ-7 ................................................................ 9

Gambar 2.2 Bentuk fisik sensor MQ-2 ............................................................... 10

Gambar 2.3 Bentuk fisik Arduino Uno ............................................................... 11

Gambar 2.4 Bentuk fisik Arduino Ethernet Shield ............................................. 12

Gambar 2.5 Bentuk fisik LCD 16x2 ................................................................... 13

Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Sistem ...................................................................... 18

Gambar 3.2 Diagram Alur Sistem ....................................................................... 19

Gambar 3.3 Desain Halaman Awal Web ............................................................ 20

Gambar 3.4 Desain Menu Data ........................................................................... 21

Gambar 3.5 Tampilan Desain Database MySql .................................................. 21

Gambar 3.6 Rancangan Perangkat Keras Sensor MQ-7 ..................................... 22

Gambar 3.7 Rancangan Perangkat Keras Sensor MQ-2 ..................................... 23

Gambar 3.8 Rancangan Arduino Uno dengan Ethernet Shield ........................... 23

Gambar 3.9 Rancangan Perangkat Keras LCD ................................................... 24

Gambar 3.10 Rancangan Perangkat Keras LED ................................................. 25

Gambar 3.11 Rancangan Perangkat Keras Buzzer ............................................. 25

Gambar 3.12 Rancangan Perangkat Keras Relay ............................................... 26

Gambar 4.1 Implementasi Perangkat Keras Sensor MQ-7 ................................. 27

Gambar 4.2 Implementasi Perangkat Keras Sensor MQ-2 ................................. 28

Gambar 4.3 Implementasi Perangkat Keras Ethernet Shield .............................. 29

Gambar 4.4 Implementasi Perangkat Keras LCD ............................................... 30

Gambar 4.5 Implementasi Perangkat Keras LED ............................................... 30

Gambar 4.6 Implementasi Perangkat Keras Buzzer ............................................ 31

Gambar 4.7 Implementsi Perangkat Keras Relay ................................................ 31

Gambar 4.8 Implementasi Perangkat Keras Kipas AC ....................................... 32

Gambar 4.9 Source Code Keseluruhan ............................................................... 34

Gambar 4.10 Source Code koneksi Ethernet Shield dengan Arduino ................ 35

Gambar 4.11 Source Code Konversi ADC ke Volt ............................................ 35

Gambar 4.12 Membaca tegangan ADC .............................................................. 35

Gambar 4.13 Source Code Konversi ADC ke ppm ............................................. 36

xiii

Gambar 4.14 Source Code Koneksi Database .................................................... 37

Gambar 4.15 Source Code Grafik Data .............................................................. 38

Gambar 4.16 Source Code Tabel Data ................................................................ 38

Gambar 4.17 Struktur Tabel Data pada Database ............................................... 39

Gambar 4.18 Nilai Kadar Udara Yang Telah Tersimpan .................................... 39

Gambar 4.19 Tampilan Halaman Awal .............................................................. 40

Gambar 4.20 Halaman Tampil Data ................................................................... 41

Gambar 4.21 Hasil Uji Sensor Gas MQ-7 Dilihat Dari Serial Monitor ............. 42

Gambar 4.22 Hasil Uji Sensor Gas MQ-2 Dilihat Dari Serial Monitor ............. 43

Gambar 4.23 Dokumentasi Pengujian Pada Ruang Sending .............................. 44

xiv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Sumber dan Standar Kesehatan Emisi Gas Buang ............................... 7

Tabel 2.2 Pengaruh Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) .............................. 7

Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Perangkat Keras Untuk Implementasi ............................... 17

Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi Perangkat Lunak Untuk Implementasi .............................. 18

Tabel 4.1 Pengujian Fungsional ........................................................................... 41

Tabel 4.2 Pengujian Non Fungsional ................................................................... 42

Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Pengujian ............................................................................ 45

47

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] Fitria Halim. (2012). “Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Dengan

Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Pada Pekerja Di

Industri Mebel Dukuh Tukrejo, Desa Bondo, Kecamatan Bangsri,

Kabupaten Jepara, Propinsi Jawa Tengah”. FKM UI. Depok.

[2] Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan. NOMOR:

KEP-107/KABAPEDAL/11/1997 tentang Indeks Standard Pencemaran

Udara (ISPU). http://www.cets-

uii.org/BML/Udara/ISPU/ISPU%20(Indeks%20Standar%20Pencemar%

20Udara).htm. Diakses pada tanggal 05 Maret 2016.

[3] Evert Nebath. (2014). “Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Gas Berbahaya

CO dan CO₂ di Lingkungan Industri”. E-Journal Teknik Elektro dan

Komputer (2014). ISSN : 2301-8402. UNSRAT. Manado-95115.

[4] Dimas Bimayakti. (2015). “Monitoring Dan Kontrol Volume Debit Air

Menggunakan Sensor Water Flow Dan Kran Elektrik AC Dengan

Arduino Uno Berbasis Web”. Tugas Akhir Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Jawa Timur.

[5] Leonard Agustinus, et al. (2015). “Rancang Bangun Prototype Pendeteksi

Kadar CO Sebagai Informasi Kualitas Udara Berbasis Mikrokontroler”.

Jurnal Coding Sistem Komputer Untan Volume 03, No. 2, Hal 44-53.

Pontianak.

[6] M. Zainur Rofiq. (2016). “Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Kadar Gas

Karbon Monoksida (CO) pada Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan

Arduino Uno”. Tugas Akhir Fakultas Teknik Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Jawa Timur.

[7] Desy Fatma. 7 Ciri-ciri Udara Bersih dan Sehat beserta Penjelasannya.

http://googleweblight.com/?lite_url=http://ilmugeografi.com/ilmu-

bumi/udara/ciri-ciri-udara-yang-bersih-dan-

sehat&ei=keNpJjqX&lc=en-

ID&s=1&m=383&host=www.google.co.id&ts=1483422391&sig=AF9N

edlu05yqhWznyYaW6jq4nrsEjoQPrw. Diakses pada tanggal 03 Januari

2017.