ras, etnicitet och rasism i direktiv 2000/43/eg · pdf filejuridiska institutionen...
TRANSCRIPT
Juridiska institutionen Examensarbete hstterminen 2016, 30 HP
Ras, etnicitet och rasism i direktiv 2000/43/EG
- En kritisk utvrdering av hur EU:s direktiv mot etnisk diskriminering och rasdiskriminering behandlar ras, etnicitet och rasism
Carolina Nilsson
Handledare: Joachim hman Examinator: Andreas Moberg
2
Innehllsfrteckning
Summary..............................................................................................................................4
Sammanfattning.................................................................................................................6Frkortningar.....................................................................................................................8
1.Inledningskapitel..........................................................................................................91.1DiskrimineringinomEU...................................................................................................91.2Syfteochavgrnsning......................................................................................................101.3Terminologi........................................................................................................................121.3.1Etnicitetochras..........................................................................................................................121.3.2Diskriminering............................................................................................................................13
1.4TeoriCriticalracetheory............................................................................................141.4.1IntroduktiontillCriticalracetheory.................................................................................141.4.2Rasochfrndringargllanderasstrukturer................................................................161.4.3Rasism.............................................................................................................................................181.4.4Intersektionalitet.......................................................................................................................191.4.5Socialrttvisa...............................................................................................................................191.4.6Utmanandetavdendominerandeideologin..................................................................201.4.7KritikmotCRT.............................................................................................................................201.4.8CRTuretteuropeisktperspektiv........................................................................................21
1.5Metodochmaterial...........................................................................................................231.5.1Metod...............................................................................................................................................231.5.2Material..........................................................................................................................................27
1.6Forskningslge...................................................................................................................292.EnversiktverEU-rttsliglagstiftningpomrdetfricke-diskrimineringgrundatprasochetnicitet.........................................................302.1Principenomlikabehandling.......................................................................................302.2Skyddmotetniskdiskrimineringochrasdiskrimineringiprimrrtten.....302.2.1FEU...................................................................................................................................................302.2.2FEUF.................................................................................................................................................312.2.3EU-stadganomdegrundlgganderttigheterna.........................................................31
2.3EuropakonventionensskyddmotetniskdiskrimineringsomendelavEU-rtten............................................................................................................................................322.4Medlemsstaternaskonstitutioner,softlawochvrigarelevantainternationellakonventioner..............................................................................................332.5Skyddmotetniskdiskrimineringisekundrrtten.............................................342.6EU-domstolenspraxisgllandeetniskdiskrimineringochrasdiskriminering....................................................................................................................36
3.Betydelsenavetnicitetochrasidirektiv2000/43/EG................................383.1Rttsligdefinitionavetnicitetochras.......................................................................383.2DiskussionurettCRT-perspektiv...............................................................................403.2.2EU-domstolensdefinitionavetnicitet..............................................................................433.2.2.1Srskiltomnationalitetochdessfrhllandetilldefinitionenavetnicitet..............453.2.2.2Rasochrasism.....................................................................................................................................473.2.2.3Intersektionalitet...............................................................................................................................50
4.Direktochindirektdiskrimineringidirektiv2000/43/EG........................524.1Rttsligdefinitionavdirektdiskriminering...........................................................524.2Rttsligdefinitionavindirektdiskriminering.......................................................544.2.1Indirektdiskriminering...........................................................................................................544.2.2Mjlighettillrttfrdigandeavindirektdiskriminering..........................................56
3
4.3DiskussionurettCRT-perspektiv...............................................................................585.Tillmpningsomrdetgllandedirektiv2000/43/EGsomenbegrnsningavdiskrimineringsskyddet...............................................................615.1Tillmpningsomrdetenligtartikel3........................................................................615.2Undantagfrtredjelandsmedborgare.......................................................................635.3DiskussionurettCRT-perspektiv...............................................................................64
6.Gemensammaslutsatser.........................................................................................68
7.Kllfrteckning...........................................................................................................71
4
Summary
TheEuropeanUnionisanmulticulturalinternationalcooperativeareaconsisting
ofmanyethnicandracialgroups.Moreover,ithasmanyminoritygroupswhich
are in need of protection. Also, the free movement of persons has led to an
increased diversity and while we experience a greater diversity we also see
nationalistandracistmovementsontheuprise.
OnaUnionlevelthereisbothprimarylawandsecondarylawfortheprotection
ofthehumanrightofnotbeingdiscriminatedongroundsofraceandethnicity.
The focus of this essay is on directive 2000/43/EG which implements the
principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial and ethnic
origin.DecisionsfromtheEuropeanCourtofJusticeregardinginterpretationof
thedirectivehavealsobeenofrelevance.
The directive have been analysed by looking at certain core issues, mainly,
ethnicity and race, as well as the legal implication of what constitutes
discriminationinrelationtoracism.Firstly, thepaperattemptstoestablishthe
legal meaning and definition of the words race and ethnicity, and secondly it
triestoestablishthelegalconceptofdiscriminationbasedonthescopeofdirect
andindirectdiscriminationaswellasthescopeofthedirective.
Aftertheselegalimplicationsareexamined,thecoreissuesareanalysedfroma
CriticalRaceTheory-perspective,whichmeansthattheissuesathandarebeen
put in relation to the conceptofpower, race and racism.Central issues in this
analysis have regarded the lack of definition of the central terms of race and
ethnicity aswell as the gapbetween the victimsperceptionof racismand the
legal scope of the directive. Critical Race Theory allows you to analyse the
legislation in a broader perspective exposing problemswhich otherwise could
notbeexposed.
Severalissueshavebeenfoundinrelationtothedirective.Theseissuesconsists
oflackoflegaldefinitionconcerningcentralterms,butalsoofcontradictinglegal
5
sources.Anotherissueistheslowlegalprogressinmattersconcerningraceand
ethnicity. In addition to this, the concept of direct and indirect discrimination
does not address the type of racismwhich is considered to be less important
accordingtothepublicopinion.Overall, itseemsthatthereisanunwillingness
toproblematizeraceandracismwithintheUnion.
Based on the issue of lack of definition concerning the central terms and the
differencebetweendiscriminationandracism,theprotectionoftherighttonot
be discriminated is significantly reduced. As a result the protection that is
providedbythedirectiveislimitedandthedirectivemightinthelongrunfailto
achieve itsobjectives.Therefore, thefundamentalrighttonotbediscriminated
ongroundsofraceandethnicity inmanycasesremainsa formalrightwithout
anyactualeffect.
6
Sammanfattning
EuropeiskaUnionenrettmngkulturelltinternatione