rdsgeis critique

8/3/2019 rdSGEIS Critique

1/18

UB= Auuo= e\HIF\ Lbcciou|

OV\ EIL

4>9 N~baexav

Ajnaov OV 1>>;;6&* xgflg

|iicie ug~bxo ubhiugi~/ Oiti~ugiji||* ugi~i a~i |ufjj |iti~aj |ilufbo| bd ugi ~e\HIF\ ugau gati

|fhofdflaou eidflfiolfi| aoe a dix ub{fl| ugau gati viu ub ni itio ef|ly||ie/ Cylg xb~` ~icafo|

nidb~i ugi dfoaj e~adu/

Ugf| l~fufqyi foljyei| ao iljilufl |ijilufbo bd |ilufbo| lgb|io allb~efoh ub cv òbxjiehi*

iw{i~fioli* aoe foui~i|u xgfji jfcfuie nv xgau |{a~i ufci xa| atafjanji/ 'Fo ugau ~i|{ilu* ugi eijav

bd ugi eiaejfoi youfj adui~ ugi gbjfeav| xa| a{{~ilfauie/& Nv ob ciao| f| ugi an|ioli bd a |ilufbo

ao ioeb~|iciou bd fu/ Ub{fl| a~i {~i|iouie fo ugi b~ei~ dbyoe fo ugi ~e\HIF\/ Ugi |ilufbo oycni~

aoe ufuji f| hftio* yoji|| ugi ub{fl xa| obu lbti~ie fo ugi \uauiciou/ Au ugi ioe bd ialg l~fufqyi f| a

n~fid ~ilbccioeaufbo a| ub gbx ub lb~~ilu ugau {~bnjic/ Ugi~i f| a n~fid Lboljy|fbo|/

Lga{ui~ ;;7* ugi Ei{a~uciou eiui~cfoie ugau |bci

a|{ilu| bd ugi ly~~iou aoe aouflf{auie a{{jflaufbo bd gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh aoe gfhg#tbjyci gve~ayjfl

d~aluy~foh xa~~aouie dy~ugi~ ~itfix fo ugi lbouiwu bd a \HIF\* b~ \y{{jiciou/ Fo dalu* au ugi ufci

bd lbo|fei~aufbo bd nfjj A1;9>4"\7146 ub |iu |f}i| bd |{alfoh yofu| db~ njal` |gaji|* EIL

{~i|iouie ub ugi jihf|jauy~i ugau Aeiqyaui |uaui ~ihyjaub~v {~bh~ac| Pa~iS aj~iaev fo {jali bo Cav

>8* >;;7/ Adui~ ugf| nfjj xa| {a||ie* fu xa| a| a ~i|yju bd ugi byu~ahi bti~ ugi jal` bd a ~ihyjaub~v

{~bh~ac 'aoe |y{{b~ufoh eblyciou|& ugau Hbti~ob~ [aui~|bo ga| ef~iluie EIL ub {~i{a~i aoy{eauie Hioi~fl Iotf~bociouaj Fc{alu \uauiciou yoei~ ugi \uaui Iotf~bociouaj Qyajfuv îtfix

Alu ub fo|y~i ugau ajj iotf~bo# ciouaj fc{alu| d~bc e~fjjfoh a~i aee~i||ie/ 'Iwilyufti Lgacni~|

{~i|| ~ijia|i* Myjv >;;7&/ Ugi Ei{a~uciou alòbxjiehi| ugf| fo ugi Eftf|fbo bd Cfoi~aj

î|by~li| Aooyaj î{b~u >;;6 'ugi cb|u ~iliou&* {ahi 17= Ugi \HIF\ xa| yoei~uaìo fo >;;7 au

ugi ef~ilufti bd ugi Hbti~ob~ ////

îlbccioeaufbo= îtf|i ugf| |uauiciou ub ni u~yugdyj/

/


2/18

Bo a ub{bh~a{gfl ca{* iwf|ufoh xijj nb~i'|& a~i ub ni feioufdfie xfugfo 1 cfji bd ugi {~b{b|ie ha|

xijj nilay|i ugiv lbyje {~btfei {augxav| db~ {bjjyufbo d~bc ei{ug ub aqyfdi~|/ Oihjiluie a~i

bugi~ {b||fnji {augxav| foljyefoh=

Ha| |ii{|

Cfoi~aj |{~foh|

Dayju|Ca{{foh bd dayju| f| {bb~ ug~byhgbyu cylg bd ugi |byugi~o ufi~/ Bugi~ |by~li| bd eaua |gbyje ni

lbo|yjuie ub jblaui dayju| |ylg a| |if|cfl |ilufbo|* ai~bcahoiufl ca{|* aoe jfoiaciou|/

îlbccioeaufbo= Jblaui ajj ha| |ii{|* cfoi~aj |{~foh|* dayju| xfugfoh 1 cfji bd xijj giae/

* |gb~ujv

adui~ ugi Ei{a~uciou xa| l~iauie/ \foli 168>* ugi bojv oix ~ihyjaufbo| xi~i x~fuuio fo 1674 '[a~u

996&* eiajfoh xfug ugi yoy|yajjv gfhg ha| {~i||y~i| dbyoe fo ugi Na|| F|jaoe U~ioe fo xi|ui~ocb|u

Oix Vb~`/ Ugi~i xi~i aj|b ~itf|fbo| fo 1679 ub [a~u| 99; aoe 991 fo ~i|{bo|i ub bfj aoe ha|

{bjjyufbo bd caov xaui~ xijj| fo xi|ui~o Oix Vb~`/ Nyu ob oix hioi~ajjv a{{jflanji ~ihyjaufbo|

gati niio x~fuuio foub jax fo db~uv via~|/

Dfoefoh| bd ugi df~|u hyfeaoli eblyciou db~ iotf~bociouajjv |adi e~fjjfoh* ugi HIF\ '166>&* xi~i

oiti~ lbefdfie foub ~ihyjaufbo|/ Ugi FBHLL"I[A \uaui îtfix bd Bfj aoe Ha| Iw{jb~aufbo aoe

[~beylufbo Xa|ui Caoahiciou îhyjaub~v [~bh~ac| '1665& dayjuie ugi EIL db~ ugf|= ECO

~yji| ~iqyf~i |yn|uaoufaj y{h~aefoh ub ~idjilu ly~~iou |uauyub~v ef~ilufti|* {~bh~ac {bjflfi|* aoe

|uaui#bd#ugi#a~u fc{~bticiou fo I$[ xa|ui caoahiciou/ \bci bd ugi|i a~ia| ~iqyf~foh

fc{~bticiou a~i ef|ly||ie fo ugi HIF\ /// Dfoefoh F/1/ Itiouyajjv |ylg ~ihyjaufbo| xi~i e~aduie

aoe ugi |ynmilu bd ug~ii {ynjfl xb~`|gb{| gije fo Blubni~ bd 1668* nyu ugio anaoeboie/

'Ly~fby|jv* EIL ljafc| ugau ob lb{fi| bd ugi|i {~b{b|ie ~ihyjaufbo| |y~tfti fo ugif~ ~i|{bo|i ub

DBFJ ~iqyi|u 11#1519/& Aobugi~ auuic{u lbefdv fo ia~jv >;;; ~i|yjuie fo ~itf|fbo| ub ugi 1668ti~|fbo* nyu ahafo dafjie ub caì fu foub ugi lbei nbb`|/ Ugi ~e\HIF\ caì| ob cioufbo bd ugf|

eidflfiolv/

Ugi FBHLL ~itfix fu|ijd caei * >;11& caì| ljia~ ugau ugi foey|u~v

jfì| ugi |uauy| qyb aoe {~idi~| ugau dix fd aov ~ihyjaufbo lbci d~bc ugi \HIF\/ Fu f| ~ia|boanji ub

fodi~ ugau ugi iwf|ufoh jal` bd ~ihyjaufbo| fo obu ao allfeiou* nyu ugi ~i|yju bd {~itfby| jbnnvfoh/

Bojv fd lbefdvfoh bd ~ihyjaufbo| {~iliei {i~cfuufoh lao xi ni a||y~ie ugau ugiv xfjj iti~ ni

{~bcyjhauie/

îlbccioeaufbo= Lbefdv ~ilbccioeaufbo| bd HIF\* \HIF\* aoe ugi FBHLL ~itfix foub

4OVL^^ nidb~i {i~cfuufoh bd gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh aoe gfhg#tbjyci gve~ayjfl d~alfoh/


3/18

Lga{ui~ 5/ Hibjbhv

[~idali

Aj{ga Iotf~bociouaj Fol/ f| l~iefuie xfug ugi uanji aoe dfhy~i|* viu ialg dfhy~i l~iefu| Aj{ga

Hib|lfioli/

îlbccioeaufbo= Lja~fdv xgflg lbo|yjuaou e~aduie ugi|i dfhy~i|/

5/> Njal` \gaji|

Fu ga| niio caov via~| |foli hibjbhf|u| a||ycie ugau aobwfl ei{b|fufbo ~iqyf~ie eii{ xaui~/

Fo|uiae ugi i||ioufaj ei{b|fufboaj iotf~bociou f| boi bd {bb~ lf~lyjaufbo/ \iefcioua~v |u~yluy~i|*

yolbodb~cfufi|* aoe |u~aufh~a{gfl |ylli||fbo |y{{b~u ugi ei{b|fufbo fo |gajjbx ub cbei~auijv#eii{

xaui~ bd cylg njal` |gaji foljyefoh ugi xi|ui~o dalfi| bd ugi Ca~lijjy| aoe Yufla/ Foeiie ugi~i f|

itfeioli ugau ugi|i dalfi| a~i xgi~i ugi njal` |gaji| a~i cb|u {~beylufti bd {iu~bjiyc/

îlbccioeaufbo= Bo {ahi 5#>* eijiui ugi xb~e| eii{ aoe eii{ na|fo/

D~aluy~i| aoe Dayju| a| [augxav| db~ Ha| d~bc \gaji| ub Aqyfdi~|

[augxav| db~ ugi cbticiou bd ~ax ha| d~bc |gaji| ub aqyfdi~| a~i obu itio alòbxjiehie

ei|{fui ugi aeefufbo bd a |ilufbo ub ugi ~itf|ie e~adu \HIF\ eblycioufoh ugi {~i|ioli bd |gaji ha|

fo aqyfdi~|= 5/8 Oauy~ajjv Blly~~foh Ciugaoi fo Oix Vb~` \uaui/ Xfugbyu ugi feioufdflaufbo aoe

atbfeaoli bd ugi|i {augxav|* ugiv a~i jfìjv ub ajjbx xa|ui| d~bc e~fjjfoh aoe d~alfoh ub {bjjyui

aqyfdi~|/ Db~ iwac{ji* ugi e~fjjfoh allfeiou au @/L/[bxijj iu aj 1 xijj fo D~iiebc* Lauua~ayhy|

Lbyouv OV fo 1664 'EIL |{fjj ~i{b~u ,641;551& lay|ie {iu~bjiyc {bjjyufbo bd xaui~ xijj| au

gbci| a cfji axav ajboh a dayju/

Djaccanji ha| oauy~ajjv blly~| fo aqyfdi~| |lauui~ie ug~byhgbyu ugi \byugi~o Ufi~/ Fo ugi dix

atafjanji aoajv|i| bd ugi |uanji f|bub{i| bd ciugaoi* ugi la~nbo aoe gve~bhio ~aufb| |gbx ugau

cylg bd ugf| ha| laci d~bc njal` |gaji|/ Ugi bntfby| laoefeaui| db~ fu| b~fhfo a~i ugi Yufla aoe

Ca~lijjy| |gaji|* d~bc xgflg |fhofdflaou ha| ga| cbtie ub ~i|i~tbf~| fo bugi~ db~caufbo|/Gbxiti~ foey|u~v* obu xaoufoh ub alòbxjiehi {augxav| d~bc ugi|i eii{ |gaji yofu| ub aqyfdi~|*

ga| ljafcie ugau vbyohi~ aoe |gajjbxi~ yofu| a| |by~li|/ Ugi ~ihfboaj blly~~ioli bd |gaji ha| fo

aqyfdi~| f| obu xijj ca{{ie ob~ f| ugi~i aov f|bub{fl aoajv|i| ub dfohi~{~fou ialg {b||fnji |by~li/

ECO ga| niio oihjfhiou fo obu eblycioufoh ugi jblaufbo| bd |gaji ha| fo aqyfdi~| ob~ feioufdvfoh

ugif~ b~fhfo| aoe {augxav| ub ugi |y~dali/

Cfoi~aj| |{~foh| jfìxf|i blly~ |lauui~ie ug~byhgbyu ugi \byugi~o Ufi~/ Ugi|i a~i xgi~i

db~caufbo xaui~| ~ialg ugi |y~dali/ Ugi ei{ug d~bc xgflg ugi|i xaui~| b~fhfoaui a~i tf~uyajjv

yo|uyefie fo OV\/ ECO ga| niio oihjfhiou fo oifugi~ eblycioufoh ugi jblaufbo bd ugi|i cfoi~aj

|{~foh| ob~ feioufdvfoh ugif~ b~fhfo| aoe {augxav| ub ugi |y~dali/

Dayjufoh f| {bb~jv ca{{ie ug~byhgbyu cylg bd ugi \byugi~ Ufi~/ Ugi ~bl`| iw{b|ie au ugi|y~dali* ugi Eitbofao |iqyioli* a~i jfugbjbhflajjv cbobuboby| aoe cylg bd fu f| ia|fjv i~beie/

Ugi~idb~i gfhg#aohji dayju| a~i efddflyju ub feioufdv aoe jbx#aohji dayju|* tf~uyajjv fc{b||fnji/

Dfhy~i 5#1< Ca{{ie Hibjbhfl Dayju| f| a {bb~ ei{flufbo bd ugi aluyaj |u~yluy~aj hibjbhv bd ugi

~ihfbo/ Ugf| ca{ |gbx| tf~uyajjv ob dayju| xfugfo ugi Lau|`fjj|* nyu ugi u~ijjf| {auui~o bd e~afoahi

xfugfo ugi y{{i~ Eijaxa~i ^fti~ aoe \y|qyigaooa ^fti~ na|fo| f| a uiwunbb` iwac{ji bd |u~yluy~aj

lbou~bj* cb|u jfìjv nv ob~caj dayjufoh aoe"b~ d~aluy~i }boi|/ '[b||fnjv ugf| f| ugi ~i|yju bd

~ialuftaufbo bd dayju| ajboh ugi Oix Vb~` # Ajanaca Jfoiaciou ugau ~yo| nioiaug ugi tajjiv| bd ugi


4/18

Eijaxa~i aoe \y|qyigaooa ^fti~|0 @foh aoe ]fiu}* 1687/& A jfoiaciou ca{ bd ugi a~ia 'ih/

F|alg|io aoe Cl@ioe~ii* 1688* Malbnf* >;;>& |gbyje ni foljyeie xfug |yfuanji ef|ly||fbo/ Xgfji

obu a ca{ bd dayju|* fu f| ljb|i~ ub ugi u~yug ugao ugi ly~~iou uanja ~a|a fo ugi ~e\HIF\/ Fo dalu*

Dfhy~i 5#1< xa| ei~ftie d~bc F|alg|io aoe Cl@ioe~ii '1688& nv eijiufoh ugi jfoiaciou| ## a|

obuie fo ugi dfhy~i la{ufbo/ E~/ Malbnf au ugi Yofti~|fuv bd Nyddajb ga| eboi hbbe xb~` bo ugf|

|ynmilu aoe f| ugi {i~|bo ub lbo|yju/ Ai~bcahoiufl ca{| ~itiaj dayju| fo na|iciou l~v|uajjfoi ~bl`|* aoe |bci bd ugi|i bje dayju|

gati nilbci ~ialuftauie ub dayju ugi bti~jvfoh |iefcioua~v ~bl`| a| |iio bo |if|cfl l~b|| |ilufbo|

ih* OV\IÊA |uyev 5788#IÛI^#I^#66/ Ugi iouf~i \byugi~o Ufi~ ga| niio djbxo eilaei| ahb

nv Y\H\ aoe cb~i ~ilioujv fo h~iaui~ eiuafj nv I$[ lbc{aofi|/ Db~ iwac{ji* fo >;1; Ha|uic

Y\A djix 79 ) bd Lgioaohb Lbyouv* ; ) bd N~bbc Lbyouv/

ECO ga| niio oihjfhiou fo obu ef|ly||foh ugf| fc{b~uaou |by~li bd eaua/

Ef|ly||foh dayjufoh xfugfo \ilufbo 5/9 \if|cflfuv fo Oix Vb~` \uaui f| cf|jiaefoh/ Ugi ta|u

camb~fuv bd dayju| fo OV\ a~i a|if|cfl/ Dfhy~i 5#15 \if|cfl Ga}a~e Ca{ hfti| a daj|i fc{~i||fbo

ugau ugi jal` bd |if|cflfuv fo ugi \byugi~o Ufi~ ~ifodb~li| ugi fc{jfie jal` bd dayjufoh/ [jalfoh ugi|i

dfhy~i| bd Ca{{ie Hibjbhfl Dayju| aoe bd \if|cfl Ga}a~e bo |ylli||fti {ahi| dy~ugi~ ~ifodb~li|

ugf| daj|i fc{~i||fbo/

Boi bd ugi dix hbbe eaua |iu| bd jblaj dayjufoh a~i jbh| bd ugi iwlataufbo bd OVL xaui~ uyooij|

'Ga}io aoe \axvi~* >;;6* Dfhy~i I\#4&/ Ugi|i ~ilb~e oyci~by| }boi| bd dayjuie aoe d~aluy~ie

~bl`* oboi bd xgflg gae niio {~itfby|jv ca{{ie bo ugi |y~dali anbti/ Fo aeefufbo* uyooij jbh|

~ilb~e jblaufbo| bd eii{ djyfe djbx/ Ugi 5; cfji jboh Xi|u Eijaxa~i Uyooij niuxiio

Laoobo|tfjji aoe ^boebyu ~i|i~tbf~| |gbxie ifhgu |gaji ha| |ii{|/ Ugi >9 cfji jboh Ia|u

Eijaxa~i Uyooij niuxiio [i{alubo aoe ^boebyu ~i|i~tbf~| |gbxie uxb |gaji ha| |ii{| aoe boi

|ajfoi xaui~ 'n~foi& djbx/ Nbug ha| |ii{| aoe n~foi djbx| b~fhfoaui d~bc eii{i~ fo ugi ia~ug ugao

ugi aqyfdi~* ebxo xgi~i d~alfoh f| eboi/ Ugi|i uyooij| ga{{io ub ~yo {i~{ioeflyja~ ub ugi

ebcfoaou u~ioe bd n~fuuji |u~yluy~i| 'IOI"X\X& aoe ugi~idb~i {a~ajjij ub ugi ef~ilufbo db~

gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh/ Nv ugf| lgaoli* ugiv |gbx xgau a jaui~aj xijj nb~i lbyje iolbyoui~/ ECO ga|niio oihjfhiou fo obu ef|ly||foh ugf| fc{b~uaou |by~li bd eaua/

Aobugi~ hbbe eaua|iu a~i |if|cfl |y~tiv|/ Iw{jb~aufbo nv Ob~|i Ioi~hv fo Caef|bo aoe

Lgioaohb Lbyoufi| ga| feioufdfie nieefoh#{jaoi ug~y|u dayju| xfug ob ca{{ie iw{~i||fbo 'ih/

Malbnf iu aj* >;;7&/ Ugiv gati 98 |q cf bd E fo Bu|ihb

Lbyouv/ \y~tiv| |gbu db~ OV\IÊA '5788#IÛI^#I^#66& fo ugi Dfohi~ Jaì| ~ihfbo

feioufdfie caov dayju| fo |iefcioua~v ~bl`| 'cb|u |uii{jv ef{{foh&* |bci bd xgflg b~fhfoaui fo ugi

[~ilacn~fao na|iciou/ A dix bd ugi|i dayju| iwuioe ub ugi |y~dali/ ECO ga| niio oihjfhiou fo

ef|ly||foh ugf| fc{b~uaou |by~li bd eaua/

Gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh xfug gve~ayjfl d~aluy~foh |uaoe| a cylg h~iaui~ lgaoli bd lbooilufoh ub boi

bd ugi|i {augxav| ugao ti~uflaj e~fjjfoh/ \ylg e~fjjfoh ga| viu ub ni uf~ie fo OV\ aoe ugi~idb~i ga|ob u~al` ~ilb~e/ Xgfji fu f| yojfìjv ugau d~alfoh djyfe| d~bc boi ha| xijj xbyje dfoe ugif~ xav y{

ugi|i {augxav|* xfug1;*;;;| bd xijj| {jaooie db~ ugi \byugi~o Ufi~* |ylg a ga{{io|lgaoli f| a

tf~uyaj li~uafouv yoji|| |ylg {augxav| a~i feioufdfie aoe atbfeie/

îlbccioeaufbo= Aee a |i{a~aui |ilufbo bo dayjufoh aoe {buioufaj {augxav| db~ |gaji ha| ub

~ialg aqyfdi~|/

Dfhy~i| 5/8 aoe 5/1> Iwuiou bd Daf~xav|

Aj{ga Iotf~bociouaj lbo|yjuaou| eidfoi| daf~xav nv ~bl` {~b{i~ufi| '{ahi| 5#15 aoe 5#17&


5/18

xfugbyu lbo|fei~foh ugi |iuufoh bd ugi ~bl` yofu|/ A| a ~i|yju* Dfhy~i| 5/8 aoe 5/1> folb~~ilujv

|gbx daf~xav| bd Yufla aoe Ca~lijjy| |gaji| iwuioefoh ob~ug aoe ia|u ub byul~b{{foh|/

[~beylufbo bd ilbobcfl qyaoufufi| bd ha| ~iqyf~i ugi gve~b|uaufl"jfugb|uaufl {~i||y~i efddi~ioufaj

{~beylie nv ugby|aoe| bd diiu bd bti~jvfoh ~bl`/ Xgau f| cb~i* ~e\HIF\ ~iqyf~i| ugau aov {i~cfu

db~ a xijj ugau ua~hiu| |gaji |gajjbxi~ ugao >;;; diiu cy|u |yncfu a |fui#|{ilfdfl IF\* ugi~inv

ca`foh fu fc{~aluflaj ub bnuafo a {i~cfu/ Ugi cb|u ~iliou Aooyaj î{b~u bd ugi ECO '>;;6&lb~~ilujv |gbx ugi daf~xav db~ Ca~lijjjy| jfcfuie ub |gaji eii{i~ ugao >;;; diiu bo Ca{ 5* {ahi

16/ A| ly~~ioujv e~axo* ugi|i uxb dfhy~i| fo ugi ~e\HIF\ hfti ugi cf|uaìo fc{~i||fbo ugau a~ia|

fcciefauijv |byug aoe xi|u bd |gaji byul~b{{foh| xfjj gati ha| iwu~alufbo/ [ib{ji cav caì

eilf|fbo| na|ie bo ugi cf|uaìo fc{~i||fbo ugau ugf| jaoe f| xfugfo ugi|i daf~xav|/ Obui ugau fo ugi

ja|u uxb via~|* ugi|i uxb cf|jiaefoh dfhy~i| gati niio ~i{~beylie fo oyci~by| ~i{b~u| aoe {bxi~

{bfou|/

îlbccioeaufbo= îe~adu Dfhy~i| 5/8 aoe 5/1> ub |gbx ugi ~iaj aoe cb~i jfcfuie iwuiou bd

daf~xav|/

5/8 Oauy~ajjv Blly~~foh Ciugaoi fo Oix Vb~` \uaui

Ugi ~e\HIF\ cf|~i{~i|iou| ugi ~i|yju| bd B|nb~o iu aj '>;11& ugi Eyì \uyev nv iwu~alufoh

ugi jboi ~i|yju d~bc oia~ a ha| xijj fo Oix Vb~` \uaui/ Xgfji ugf| boi xaui~ xijj gae cfofcaj

ciugaoi* yocioufboie f| ugau fu f| oia~ ^b|| 1 xijj fo Ca~vjaoe* Bu|ihb Lbyouv a |gajjbx ui|u

xijj xgflg f| la{{ie/ Fo lbou~a|u* fo [ioo|vjtaofa ugi ha| xijj| ugau xi~i |uyefie a~i eii{

{~beylfoh xijj|/ Cb|u bd ugi 96 xaui~ |ac{ji| d~bc [ioo|vjtaofa |gbxie a |u~boh lb~~ijaufbo

niuxiio |fhofdflaou fol~ia|i bd |gaji ha| fo xaui~ xijj| aoe ha| e~fjjfoh xfugfo 8 ch"J fo

Lau|`fjj Dc '1< |ac{ji|& aoe 9; ch"J fo Jbl`gatio Dc '8 |ac{ji|&& a~i cylg gfhgi~ ugao ugi

ati~ahi hftio db~ yo{bjjyuie aqyfdi~| fo Oix Vb~` hftio nv EIL ';/86 ch"J& aoe gfhgi~ ugaoitio ugi gfhgi|u Oix Vb~` na|ijfoi |ac{ji '>> ch"J&/ Ugi|i [ioo|vjtaofao ~i|yju| a~i jfìjv

~i{~i|iouaufti bd xgau lbyje ga{{io fo Oix Vb~` xfug gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh aoe gfhg#tbjyci

gve~ayjfl d~aluy~foh db~ {~beylfoh ha|* obu ugi ~i|yju db~ ^b|| 1 ui|u xijj/

Itfeioli ugau ha| iwu~alufbo lay|i| |gaji ha| {bjjyufbo bd aqyfdi~| f| obu ~i|u~fluie ub ugf| |fohji

|uyev/ Ugi I[A e~adu bo {bjjyufbo bd aqyfdi~| fo [atfjjfbo* D~icbou Lbyouv* Xvbcfoh ~i{b~u|=

Ijitauie jitij| bd ef||bjtie ciugaoi fo ebci|ufl xijj| hioi~ajjv fol~ia|ie fo ugb|i xijj fo

{~bwfcfuv ub ha| {~beylufbo xijj|/

îlbccioeaufbo= îtf|i \ilufbo 5/8 ub {~i|iou ugi lbc{jiui eaua |iu aoe lboljy|fbo| bd B|nb~o

iu aj '>;11& bo |gaji ha| {bjjyufbo a||blfauie xfug e~fjjfoh aoe d~alfoh db~ ha|//


6/18

Lga{ui~ 9 Oauy~aj Ha| Eitijb{ciou Aluftfufi| aoe Gfhg#Tbjyci Gve~ayjfl D~aluy~foh

Dfhy~i 9/1

Ugf| dfhy~i f| lbody|foh au ni|u aoe fo {jali| x~boh/ Yojfì caov bugi~ dfhy~i| fo ugi e\HIF\* F

gati viu ub |ii aovboi lb{v ugf| dfhy~i/

Fd ugi {y~{b|i f| ub |gbx djyfe djbx bo a cyjuf#xijj {ae* ugio dfhy~i 9/1 |gbyje ni |b ufujie/ Lf~lji| a~i {~i|ycanjv xijj| aoe |gbyje ni |b janijie aoe {~idi~anjv xfug ugif~ |uahi bd ugi

{~bli||= e~fjjfoh* d~alfoh* b~ {~beylfoh/

Cf||foh f| a lf~lji ub ~i{~i|iou ugi xijj nifoh e~fjjie au ugi e~fjjfoh ~fh/

Djyfe djbx| a~i lbjb~ lbeie nyu |gbyje ni janijie= d~al djyfe db~ njyi* djbxnal` db~ ~ie* aoe

ha| db~ h~iio

D~aluy~i djyfe cfw |gbx| xaui~ a| ugi bojv fo{yu/ Cf||foh a~i |aoe aoe lgicflaj|/

D~bc ugi ~ie xijj* djbxnal` '~ie& hbi| ub a {fu* nyu e\HIF\ |av| ugau djbxnal` xfjj hb ub

uao`|/

Ha| 'h~iio& f| |gbxo djbxfoh ub eigve~aub~ aoe ugio lbc{~i||b~ aoe dfoajjv dja~i/

Gbxiti~ dja~i |gbyje ni |gbxo a| ao ajui~oaui ei|ufoaufbo aoe ca~ìe uic{b~a~v

îlbccioeaufbo= îe~adu Dfhy~i 9/1/

9/1/5/> Aouflf{auie Xijj [ae Eio|fuv

Xgfji e\HIF\ lfui| foey|u~v i|ufcaui bd 6;) bd xijj| e~fjjie ub eitijb{ ugi Ca~lijjy| \gaji

xfjj ni gb~f}bouaj xijj| bo cyjuf#xijj {ae|* fu oihjilu| ub {bfou byu ugau ugi~idb~i a| caov a| 9;)

bd {ae| lbyje gati |fohji xijj|/ Xgau f| cb~i* fo [ioo|vjtaofa ugi ati~ahi oycni~ bd xijj| bo a

{ae f| a~byoe ug~ii/ Ugi iddilu| bd e~fjjfoh cav ei{ioe a| cylg bo ugi oycni~ bd {ae| a| ugi

oycni~ bd xijj|/

îlbccioeaufbo= I|ufcaui ugi ubuaj oycni~ bd xijj {ae|/

9/1


7/18

Ugi|i [ynjfl B{i~auie U~iauciou Xb~`| '[BUX& a~i fola{anji bd u~iaufoh djbxnal` ub ~icbti

ajj ubwfo|/

Ugi [BUX a~i ei|fhoie aoe b{i~auie ub ljiao |ixahi/ Ugb|i xfug {~iu~iauciou b{i~aufbo| a~i

ei|fhoie ub ljiao#y{ jfcfuie db~c| bd foey|u~faj xa|ui|* nyu obu ugi lbc{jiw cfw bd lgicflaj| fo

d~alfoh ga}a~eby| xa|ui/

Bduio ugi lbc{jiui lbouiou| bd e~fjjfoh xa|ui| a~i gfeeio yoei~ ugi hyf|i bd u~aei |il~iu| aoeugi~idb~i lao oifugi~ ni {jaooie db~ ob~ ui|uie db~/

Ugi~i f| ob |uaoea~e cfw bd d~al lgicflaj|* aoe ugi~idb~i ialg naulg bd xa|ui ~iliftie xbyje

~iqyf~i a ly|ubcf}ie u~iauciou ~ihfci/ [BUX a~i obu |iu#y{ ub {~btfei |ylg |i~tfli/

Diei~aj I[A ~iqyf~i| fu| a{{~btaj bd {~iu~iauciou|* aoe ugiv gati viu ub h~aou ugf| a{{~btaj db~

itio boi {~iu~iauciou bd djbxnal`/ I[A f| nijauiejv {~i{a~foh |{ilfdflaufbo| db~ byudjbx d~bc

[BUX aoe f| {jaoofoh ub ~ijia|i ugic fo >;15/

Ugi dyolufbo bd {a||foh djbxnal` ug~byhg [BUX ga| obugfoh ub eb xfug u~iauciou/ Lgicflaj|

a~i oifugi~ ~icbtie ob~ itio oiyu~ajf}ie/ Fo|uiae fu dyolufbo| ub efjyui lgicflaj| |b ugau ugi dix

xfug Diei~ajjv |{ilfdfie cawfcyc a~i nijbx Diei~aj caoeaui| fo ugi byudjbx/ Lgicflaj| fo

djbxnal` {a|| ugbyhg ugi [BUX aoe djbx ef~ilujv foub ugi ~fti~* my|u au a |jbxi~ ~aui ugao fd ugiv

xi~i eyc{ie ef~ilujv/ Fo ugi ioe* ugi|i lgicflaj| xfoe y{ fo ~fti~|/

Fo ugi df~|u e\HIF\ '>;;6& A{{ioefw >1* 1&/ Fc{jflfu f| ugau ugf| ga| niio |ylli||dyj* nyu ugau f| obu au ajj ljia~/ Fo ugi \{fjj Folfeiou

î{b~u| eauana|i* ugi~i a~i gyoe~ie| bd ~i{b~u| bd jia`foh bjei~ bfj xijj|/ Ajugbyhg ob oix

~ihyjaufbo| ~i|yjuie d~bc ugi HIF\* ~ihyjaufbo| xi~i ~itf|ie fo ugi167;|/ Fu f| obu ajxav| ljia~

d~bc ugi ~i{b~u| ugi feioufuv aoe ahi bd ugi jia`foh xijj* aoe ugi~idb~i gbx caov a~i dafjy~i| bd

ly~~iou ~ihyjaufbo|/ Ugi~i a~i da~ dixi~ ~i{b~u| bd jia`foh ha| xijj|* nyu yojfì bfj* ha| jiati dix

u~ali| nigfoe/ Cia|y~iciou| au a ha| xijj| a~i oili||a~v ub lbodf~c ugau ugi xijj f| |iajie/îlbccioeaufbo= [jao a |y~tiv bd gbx |ylli||dyjjv ha| xijj| gati niio {jyhhie |foli ugi

~ihyjaufbo| xi~i ~itf|ie fo 1679/


8/18

Lga{ui~ 8/ Iwf|ufoh aoe ^ilbccioeie Cfufhaufbo Ciugbe|

8/1/5/1 [~ftaui Xaui~ Xijj Ui|ufoh

EIL ga| eboi hbbe nv dfoajjv ~iqyf~foh xaui~ ui|ufoh bd xijj| aoe |{~foh| a~byoe ugi dyuy~i |fui

bd ialg ha| xijj ui|ufoh ugau [ioo|vjtaofa ga| ~iqyf~ie db~ via~|/ Gbxiti~ yoji|| eboi

{~b{i~jv* |ylg ui|ufoh xb~|i ugao y|iji||/ Fo [ioo|vjtaofa aoe Oix Vb~`* ugi Ey`i |uyev 'B|nb~o iu aj* >;11* [~bliiefoh| bd Oaufboaj

Alaeicv bd \lfioli& dbyoe ijitauie jitij| bd |gaji ha| fo xaui~ xijj| xfugfo


9/18

Ob {~bli|| f| byujfoie db~ ugi ~i|{bo|i nv EIL boli a lbyouv EbG ti~fdfi| ugau {bjjyufbo f|

~ijauie ub |gaji ha| iwu~alufbo/

Xgiugi~ d~al`foh 'e~fjjfoh* d~alfoh* aoe {~beylufbo& {bjjyui| aqyfdi~| f| boi bd ugi cb|u

lbouioufby| qyi|ufbo| fo ugi einaui bti~ ugi xf|ebc bd |gaji ha| iwu~alufbo/ A| ly~~ioujv x~fuuio*

ugf| xijj ui|ufoh f| fo|yddflfiou ub ~ia||y~i ugi yoiddiluie b~ ub {~bti e~fjjfoh {bjjyufbo nivboe a

{~i{boei~aoli bd ebynu |b ugau iddiluie foeftfeyaj| lao nihfo ub hiu ~ijfid/ Fu hfti| bojv ugia{{ia~aoli bd {~builufbo/

îlbccioeaufbo|=

Fol~ia|i ef|uaoli db~ ui|ufoh bd xaui~ ub au jia|u \yddflfiolv bd A|#Nyfju Xijjnb~i*Fo|{ilufbo ub Xfuoi|| La|foh aoe Licioufoh

B{i~aufbo|

[~b{i~ licioufoh bd la|foh f| l~fuflaj ub {~builufoh aqyfdi~| d~bc |gaji ha| {bjjyufbo/ Fo Efcbl`*

\y|qyigaooa [A* ugi {bjjyufbo bd 17 gbci e~fo`foh xaui~ |by~li| ga| niio auu~fnyuie nv [A EI[

ub fo|yddflfiou liciou mbn| nv Lanbu/ Oiti~ugiji|| \HIF\ ebi| obu ~iqyf~i |y{i~tf|fbo bti~ ugf|

l~fuflaj b{i~aufbo fo Oix Vb~`/

îlbccioeaufbo= îqyf~i ugau ECO |uadd bti~|ii ajj liciou mbn|/

8/1/9 \iunal` d~bc DAE Xaui~|gie|

Ugi naoofoh bd e~fjjfoh d~bc ugi xaui~|gie| bd ugi ~i|i~tbf~| bd ugi lfufi| bd Oix Vb~` aoe

\v~aly|i aoe d~bc 5*;;; dbbu nyddi~ }boi| nivboe f| a {bjfuflaj eilf|fbo ub atbfe jihaj lgajjiohi|

ub ugi \HIF\ nv Oix Vb~` Lfuv/ Ugi ~aufboajf}aufbo lbolbluie ub my|ufdv ugf| nao f| ugau e~fjjfoh

aoe d~alfoh lbyje fol~ia|i ubwfl |{fjj| aoe uy~nfefuv bd ugi ~i|i~tbf~| jiaefoh ub ugi jb|| bd ugi Dfjui~

Atbfeaoli Eilja~aufbo aoe ugi~inv ~iqyf~foh lbo|u~ylufbo bd a cyjufnfjjfbo ebjja~ dfju~aufbo {jaou/

Gbxiti~ ugf| f| yo|y{{b~uie nv ugi dalu| aoe |y|li{ufnji ub jihaj lgajjiohi/

\{fjj| a~i bd da~ h~iaui~ ~f|` ub xijj| |y{{jvfoh foeftfeyaj ~i|feioli| ugao ub ugi ugi|i gyhi

~i|i~tbf~|* xgflg lbouafo gyoe~ie| bd nfjjfbo| bd hajjbo| aoe xbyje efjyui |{fjj| ub nijbx jitij| bd

lboli~o/ EIL |gbyje gati ob bnmilufbo ub ugf| |bjyufbo ub {bjjyufbo ug~byhg efjyufbo nilay|i fuf| ugif~ my|ufdflaufbo db~ ajjbxfoh djbxnal` xa|ui ub ni {~bli||ie ug~byhg [ynjflajjv B{i~auie

U~iauciou Xb~`|* aoe |bci lbccyofufi| uaì ugif~ e~fo`foh xaui~ d~bc ebxo |u~iac/

[b||fnji fol~ia|i| fo uy~nfefuv bd ~i|i~tbf~| d~bc e~fjjfoh fod~a|u~yluy~i '~bae|* {ae|* iul/& ga|

niio h~iaujv iwliie nv ugau d~bc gf|ub~fl djbbe| fo ugi xaui~|gie| |ylg a| fo 1664* >;;4* aoe

>;11/ Fd ajj ugau njbl`| ugi iwu~alufbo bd nfjjfbo| bd ebjja~| bd ha| d~bc nioiaug ugi|i xaui~|gie| f|

a jfuuji cye fo ugi xaui~* ugio ajj ugau f| ~iqyf~ie f| ub jfcfu ugi oycni~ bd e~fjjfoh {i~cfu| |b ugau

uy~nfefuv ~icafo| xijj nijbx jfcfu|/ Naoofoh ha| iwu~alufbo ub lbou~bj uy~nfefuv f| ~ihyjaub~v


10/18

bti~`fjj/

îlbccioeaufbo= Naoofoh e~fjjfoh d~bc |ijilu xaui~|gie| f| a {bjfuflaj lgbfli fotbjtfoh ugi

e~fo`foh xaui~ bd 6/5 cfjjfbo ~i|feiou| 'foljyefoh cfjjfbo| bd tbui~|& aoe |gbyje ni {~bcyjhauie

ug~byhg ugi {bjfuflaj {~bli|| nv ao iwilyufti b~ei~ d~bc ugi hbti~ob~ b~ ao alu bd ugi jihf|jauy~i/

Ugi|i nyddi~ }boi| a~i obu ub {~itiou |iefciou| d~bc nifoh xa|gie foub ugi ~i|i~tbf~| nilay|i

gi~i jaoe| |jb{i axav d~bc ugi ~i|i~tbf~|/ Ugf| 5*;;; dbbu ef|uaoli f| ljb|i ub ugi cawfcyc jaui~ajef|uaoli bd gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh db~ bo#|gb~i ha| xijj| aoe lao bojv ni ciaou ub {~itiou ugi e~fjjfoh

nioiaug ugi|i xaui~|gie|/ Ugi~idb~i EIL f| lboli~oie anbyu {bjjyufbo bd ~i|i~tbf~| d~bc

|yn|y~dali aluftfufi| |ylg a| e~fjjfoh aoe d~alfoh/

îlbccioeaufbo= Na|ie bo ugi oili||fuv bd ugf| 5*;;; dbbu |iunal`* EIL ga| ah~iie ugau

e~fjjfoh aoe d~alfoh nioiaug e~fo`foh xaui~ |by~li| bd OVL aoe \v~aly|i lbyje ni yo|adi/

Ugi~idb~i ub ni lbo|f|uiou* gb~f}bouaj e~fjjfoh aoe gfhg#tbjyci gve~ayjfl d~aluy~foh |gbyje ni

naooie ug~byhgbyu Oix Vb~` \uaui ## ifugi~ ugau b~ ugf| foiqyfuanji |iunal` |gbyje ni ijfcfoauie/

8/1/8/> ^bae \{~iaefoh*[~beylufbo N~foi|

Xgfji ugi jf|u bd lgicflaj| ~iqyf~ie db~ aoajv|f| bd oauy~ajjv db~cie {~beylie n~foi|f|

|yddflfiou* ECO ga| obu |iu y{{i~ jfcfu| bd lboliou~aufbo bd ugi|i lgicflaj| ajjbxanji db~ a

Nioidflfaj Y|i Eiui~cfoaufbo db~ ~bae |{~iaefoh/ Ugi|i aoajv|i| a~i {bfouji|| yoji|| ugiv {~btfei

a xav ub ef|ufohyf|g ugi |adi d~bc ugi yo|adi/ Obui xgau I[A |av| anbyu {~beylufbo n~foi|=

Bduio |ajufi~ ugao |iaxaui~* ugf| n~foi lao aj|b lbouafo ubwfl ciuaj| aoe ~aefbalufti |yn|uaoli|/ Fu

lao ni ti~v eacahfoh ub ugi iotf~bociou aoe {ynjfl giajug fd fu f| ef|lga~hie ub |y~dali xaui~ b~

ugi jaoe |y~dali/

îlbccioeaufbo= EIL |iu cawfcyc lboliou~aufbo| bd lgicflaj| fo {~beylufbo n~foi| ub ni

|{~iae bo ~bae|/

La|foh iqyf~iciou|

Fol~ia|ie {bjjyufbo bd aqyfdi~| nv |gaji ha| ga| niio jfoìe ub ha| iwu~alufbo/ Ugf| ga| niioauu~fnyuie ub jia`foh b~ cf||foh la|foh/ Fd |b* ugio niuui~ la|foh aoe ao aeefufboaj foui~ciefaui

la|foh 'a| {~b{b|ie fo ugi e\HIF\& |gbyje ~ieyli b~ ijfcfoaui ugf| {~bnjic/ Gbxiti~ ugf|

{augxav db~ |gaji ha|* ugbyhg ~ia|boanji* ga| obu niio {~btio ub ni ugi {~bnjic* aoe foui~ciefaui

la|foh ga| obu niio {~btio ub ni ugi |bjyufbo/

Aobugi~ {augxav f| y{ ugi aooyja~ |{ali niuxiio la|foh aoe ugi xajj bd ugi xijj nb~i/ Ha|

djbx ey~foh licioufoh bd la|foh lao jiati lgaooij| db~ djbx/ [~i||y~foh ui|ufoh b~ eio|fuv jbh|

cav obu eiuilu |ylg lgaooij|/

Viu aobugi~ {augxav f| y{ ug~byhg iwf|ufoh d~aluy~i| aoe dayju|/ Ciugaoi oauy~ajjv blly~| fo ugi

xaui~ lbjyco* ua`foh gyoe~ie| b~ ugby|aoe| bd via~| ub xb~` ugi xav ub ugi |y~dali/ [b||fnjv ugi

tfn~aufbo| aoe {~i||y~i| bd d~al`foh 'e~fjjfoh* d~alfoh* aoe {~beylfoh& lbyje alliji~aui ugi ~f|i bdciugaoi/ Fd |b* ugio fc{~btie la|foh xfjj eb obugfoh ub {~itiou ugf| {bjjyufbo//

îlbccioeaufbo= [jao a |uyev bd ugi lay|i bd |gaji ha| foub aqyfdi~| oifhgnb~foh ha| xijj|/


11/18

Anaoeboie B~{gaoie Yo{jyhhie Xijj|

Yo{jyhhie xijj nb~i| a~i a {b||fnji {aug bd {bjjyufbo d~bc ei{ug ub aqyfdi~/ Gb~f}bouaj |gaji

ha| xijj| a~i au cylg h~iaui~ ~f|` bd lbccyoflaufoh xfug iwf|ufoh xijj| ugao a~i ti~uflaj xijj|

nilay|i bd ugi jaui~aj xijj nb~i aoe d~alfoh/ Aj~iaev EIL {jao| bo ~iqyf~foh ugau {i~cfu

a{{jflaufbo feioufdv ajj iwf|ufoh xijj| d~bc ugi EIL xijj eauana|i xfugfo boi cfji bd {~b{b|ie

xijj/ \bci bd ugi|i a~i djahhie a| yo{jyhhie* aoe EIL ga| a {~fb~fuv jf|u bd gyoe~ie| bd {~bnjicxijj|/ Fo aeefufbo* EIL i|ufcaui|


12/18

Lga{ui~ 1;/ îtfix bd \ijiluie Obo#^byufoi Folfeiou| d~bc [ioo|vjtaofa

Cf||foh d~bc ugi ~e\HIF\ f| aov ef|ly||fbo bd ugi ~ilb~e bd obo#~byufoi folfeiou| fo Oix

Vb~`/ Xgfji ugi EIL ljafc| ao iwlijjiou |adiuv ~ilb~e db~ e~fjjfoh aoe {~beylufbo* fu ga| oiti~

|y{{b~uie ugf| ljafc xfug eaua/ \foli fu| dbyoefoh fo168>* ugi Eftf|fbo bd Cfoi~aj î|by~li| ga|

allycyjauie 5; via~| bd obo#~byufoi folfeiou| ~i{b~u|/ Viu oiti~ ga| ugi ECO ~i{b~uie ugi|i ob~{~i|iouie ao aoajv|f| bd ugic/ Auuic{u| nv ao byu|fei h~by{ ub bnuafo lb{fi| bd ugi|i ~i{b~u|

ug~byhg DBFJ db~ ugif~ bxo aoajv|f| gati niio eiofie nilay|i ugi ~ilb~e| a~i bo {a{i~* fo eiae

|ub~ahi* aoe fc{~aluflaj ub ~iu~fiti* allb~efoh ub ugi Bddfli bd Hioi~aj Lbyolfj/ Aobugi~ |by~li bd

eaua ub ugi ECO f| ugi \{fjj Folfeiou| eauana|i* xgflg EIL ga| cafouafoie |foli1679/ Ahafo*

oiti~ ga| ugi ECO lbc{fjie ugi bfj* ha|* aoe n~foi \{fjj Folfeiou î{b~u| ob~ {~i|iouie ao

aoajv|f| bd ugic/ Ugi ECO {ynjf|gi| ao Aooyaj î{b~u xgflg f| dyjj bd {~beylufbo |uauf|ufl|* nyu

fu ga| oiti~ {~i|iouie ifugi~ ugau via~| obo#~byufoi folfeiou| b~ bfj* ha|* aoe n~foi \{fjj Folfeiou

î{b~u|/ Fo ugi cb|u ~iliou Aooyaj î{b~u '>;;6&* ugi bojv foeflaufbo bd aov {~bnjic| f| ugif~

lfufoh bd ugi ubuaj dfoi| bd %5;*;;;/ Gbxiti~ ugi î{b~u hfti| ob n~ia` byu bd xgau obo#~byufoi

folfeiou| ~i|yjuie fo ugi|i dfoi| ob~ xgflg lbc{aofi| a~i ~i|{bo|fnji/

Fo |ilufbo 1;/1* EIL caì| ugi ljafc ugau bojv folfeiou bd ha| {bjjyufbo fo ugi ja|u & xa| ugi Ei{a~uciou| df~|u auuic{u ub x~fui hyfeijfoi| db~ |adi e~fjjfoh/ Fu f|

a|ubyoefoh ugau fo ugi >; via~| |foli ugi HIF\ xa| dfoajf}ie* EIL ga| oiti~ cia|y~ie ugi |ylli||

bd ugi ~i|yjufoh ~ihyjaub~v {~bh~ac/ Ugi \HIF\ f| ub nyfje bo ugi dbyoeaufbo bd ugi HIF\* nyu xieb obu òbx gbx |bjfe ugau dbyoeaufbo f|/

îlbccioeaufbo= Aee a |ilufbo ugau itajyaui| ugi |ylli|| bd ugi iwf|fufoh EIL ~ihyjaub~v

{~bh~ac db~ e~fjjfoh aoe {~beylufbo bd bfj* ha|* aoe n~foi yufjf}foh ~i{b~u| d~bc=

ECO obo#~byufoi folfeiou| dfji|

EIL |{fjj folfeiou| eauana|i

Lbyouv EBG dfji|


13/18

A{{ioefw 1; [~b{b|ie \y{{jiciouaj [i~cfu Lboefufbo| db~ Gfhg#Tbjyci Gve~ayjfl

D~aluy~foh

\fwuv |itio ~iqyf~iciou| db~ e~fjjfoh a~i {~b{b|ie a| {i~cfu lboefufbo|/ Fo|uiae bd ~ihyjaufbo|*

ECO ga| |yn|ufuyuie a{{ioefoh a h~bxfoh jf|u bd lboefufbo| ub e~fjjfoh {i~cfu| bd ialg aoe iti~v

xijj/ Ly~~ioujv* {i~cfu| la~~v eb}io| bd |ylg lboefufbo|/

Boi lao bojv |{ilyjaui a| ub xgv ECO ga| |yn|ufuyuie {i~cfu lboefufbo| db~ ~ihyjaufbo|nilay|i ugiv gati oiti~ my|ufdfie ugf|/ D~bc ugi {ynjfl| {i~|{ilufti* ~ihyjaufbo| a~i |y{i~fb~/

[~ijfcfoa~v ~ihyjaufbo| a~i ~itfixie fo {ynjfl gia~foh| nidb~i ugiv a~i aeb{uie* yojfì {i~cfu

lboefufbo|/ Dfoaj ~ihyjaufbo| a~i {ynjf|gie fo Oix Vb~` \uaui Lbei* ^yji| aoe îhyjaufbo* yojfì

{i~cfu lboefufbo|/ îtf|fbo| ub ~ihyjaufbo| ~iqyf~i {ynjfl ~itfix* yojfì {i~cfu lboefufbo|/

[i~ga{| ugi|i a~i xgv ECO {~idi~| {i~cfu lboefufbo|/

Obxgi~i fo ~e\HIF\ a~i ugi efddi~ioli| niuxiio {i~cfu lboefufbo| aoe ~ihyjaufbo| iw{jafoie

ob~ xgv |bci ~iqyf~iciou| |gbyje fo|uiae ni {i~cfu lboefufbo|/ 'Ugf| {~alufli nilaci ~ac{aou

adui~ ugi HIF\ '166>& nyu f| obu ef|ly||ie ugi~ifo/& Fo aeefufbo* obxgi~i atafjanji f| a lbc{jiui

jf|u bd ly~~iou {i~cfu lboefufbo| iwli{u auualgie ub e~fjjfoh {i~cfu|* xgflg lao ni ~iae bojv au ugi

~i|{bo|fnji ~ihfboaj bddfli| fo Ajnaov* Atbo* b~ Ajjihaov/

Fo a {~i|| ~ijia|i bd Myoi ;11* EIL {jiehie ub anaoeboie ugi {~alufli bd bti~|iifoh |uaui#

xfei e~fjjfoh ugbyhg lboefufbo| bo {i~cfu| bd foeftfeyaj xijj| aoe ub ~iuy~o ub lbefdvfoh ugi|i

~ilbccioeaufbo| foub |uaui jax a {~alufli ugau ECO anaoeboie fo ugi 166;|/ Ugi jihajfuv bd

ugau {~alufli xa| qyi|ufboie nv ugi FBHLL"I[A îtfix '1665&* {ahi 4= \ylg {i~cfu lboefufbo|

bojv a{{jv ub oix xijj| aoe a~i ugi~idb~i bd jfcfuie yufjfuv/ Iodb~liciou qyi|ufbo| cav aj|b a~f|i

d~bc fc{b|foh hioi~ajjv a{{jflanji {i~cfu lboefufbo| xfugbyu df~|u f||yfoh ~yji| |y{{b~ufoh ugb|i

{i~cfu lboefufbo|/

Gbxiti~ ugi ~e\HIF\ niu~av| ugf| {jiehi/ Ugi \uauiciou ~i{iauiejv jiati| b{io ugi {b||fnfjfuv

bd |yn|ufuyufoh {i~cfu lboefufbo| db~ ~ihyjaufbo|/ Xgau f| cb~i* A{{ioefw 1; f| a jboh jf|u bd

{i~cfu lboefufbo|/

îlbccioeaufbo|= Lbefdv ajj 48 bd ugi|i ~iqyf~iciou| a| ~ihyjaufbo| fo 4OVL^^ a| xijj a| ugi iwf|ufoh jf|u bd

eb}io| bd {i~cfu lboefufbo|/

Jfcfu ugi dyuy~i y|i bd {i~cfu lboefufbo| ub |fui |{ilfdfl dalub~|/

A{{ioefw 11 Aoajv|f| bd \yn|y~dali Cbnfjfuv bd D~aluy~foh Djyfe|

FLD Foui~oaufboaj Aoajv|f| ## lbo|yjuaou

1/>/5 [b~i Djbx Ugf| caugicauflaj aoajv|f| bd djyfe djbx ug~byhg foualu ~bl` tfa {b~i |{ali

'{{/ >5 ub /9 D~aluy~i Djbx Cahofuyei| da|ui~ djbx bd djyfe| lao ni iw{iluie ug~byhg d~aluy~i }boi|

aoe dayju|/ Db~ iwac{ji* Hy|uad||bo aoe Aoei~|bo '166;& cia|y~ie oauy~aj djyfe djbx ug~byhg a

d~aluy~i }boi au a qya~ui~ cfji fo


14/18

oihjfhioli* FLD ef|cf||i| lgaoli| bd ao b{io djbx {aug d~bc d~aluy~i }boi|* dayju|* b~ xijj nb~i|

a| ugib~iuflajjv {b||fnji nyu iwu~icijv yojf`ijv '{h/


15/18

A{{ioefw 19 Gve~ayjfl D~aluy~foh ## 19 \uauiciou| d~bc ihyjaub~v Bddflfaj|

Fu f| gv{bl~fuflaj ugau ugf| a{{ioefw nihfo| xfug lboh~i||fboaj ui|ufcbov nv ugi H~byoe Xaui~

[~builufbo Lbyolfj ugau ~ilbccioe| ugi \U^BOHI^ {~bli||/ OV\EIL bfj aoe ha| iw{jb~aufbo

aoe {~beylufbo xa|ui ~ihyjaufbo| gati oiti~ niio iwacfoie nv \Uaui îtfix bd Bfj aoe Oauy~aj

Ha| Iotf~bociouaj îhyjaufbo|/ Xav nal` fo 1665* ugi|i ~ihyjaufbo| xi~i ~itfixie nv ugi

{~ieili||b~ ub \U^BOHI^* ugi Foui~|uaui Bfj aoe Ha| Lbc{alu Lbccf||fbo* nyu ugi~i ga| oiti~niio a dbjjbx#y{/ Fo ~i|{bo|i ub a \U^BOHI^ qyi|ufbooaf~i bd >;;6* ugi EIL aecfuuie ugau

cb|u bd ugi FBHLL ~ilbccioeaufbo| xi~i obu b~ bojv {a~ufajjv aee~i||ie/ Fo lbou~a|u* by~

oifhgnb~ [ioo|vjtaofa ga| gae uxb dbjjbx#y{ \U^BOHI^ ~itfix| aoe a ~itfix bd ugif~

gve~ayjfl d~aluy~foh {~bh~ac/

îlbccioeaufbo= Eijiui ugf| ui|ufcbov nv ugi H~byoe Xaui~ [~builufbo Lbyolfj/

Cylg bd ugi ~i|u bd ugf| a{{ioefw f| xb~|i ugao gv{bl~fuflaj* fu f| eili{ufti/ Fu lbc{fji| b{fofbo|

d~bc 19 |uaui ahiolfi| ugau nijboh ub ugi HX[L b~ ugi FBHLL* xgflg |uaui ugau gve~ayjfl

d~aluy~foh ebi| obu {bjjyui h~byoexaui~/ Caov bd ugi|i ahiolfi| a~i obu yonfa|ie* nyu jfì OV\

ECO iwf|u ub {~bcbui {~beylufbo bd {iu~bjiyc/ Ob itfeioli f| {~i|iouie ub |y{{b~u aov bd ugi|i

b{fofbo|/ Ub ugi lbou~a~v* ugi~i f| itfeioli bd |iti~aj jblaj| xi~i d~alfoh lgicflaj| gati niio

eblyciouie a| gatfoh {bjjyuie aqyfdi~|* |ylg a| Mal`|bo Lbyouv XT0 Ha~dfije Lbyouv LB0

[atfjjfbo* D~icbou Lbyouv XV0 aoe Efcbl`* \y|qyigaooa Lbyouv [A/ Aj|b jal`foh f| aov

najaoli nv lbc{fjfoh gyoe~ie| bd ~i{b~u| bd jaoebxoi~| xgb ljafc ub gati ugif~ e~fo`foh xaui~

{bjjyuie nv ha| iwu~alufbo/ Ugf| f| obu eaua* fu f| aetblalv/

îlbccioeaufbo= Ifugi~ eijiui ugi|i b{fofbo| d~bc A{{ioefw 19 b~ |fcfja~jv lbc{fji ~i{b~u| nv

gbcibxoi~| bd ugif~ e~fo`foh xaui~ gatfoh niio {bjjyuie nv ha| iwu~alufbo aoe ugi eblyciouaufbo

ugau iwf|u|/

A{{ioefw >1 [ynjflajjv Bxoie U~iauciou Xb~`| '[BUX|& xfug A{{~btie [~iu~iauciou

[~bh~ac|

Db~ ~ia|bo| ef|ly||ie {~itfby|jv '|ii 9/1/1/ Fd obu* au ugi ti~v jia|u* aoobuauie ugi jf|u ub foeflaui

ugb|i [BUX xfjjfoh ub alli{u xa|ui| aoe ugi boi ugau ly~~ioujv ebi|/ Fo aeefufbo aee ao

iw{jafoaufbo ugau obu boi {~iu~iauciou |v|uic ga| niio a{{~btie nv I[A aoe ugau hyfeijfoi| a~i

nifoh e~axo y{/


16/18

Ilbobcfl A||i||ciou î{b~u*

Ilbjbhv aoe Iotf~bociou* Fol ## lbo|yjuaou

Ei|{fui >91 {ahi| foljyefoh 14> uanji|* >7 dfhy~i|* aoe %>#9& xfugbyu my|ufdflaufbo/

Iwahhi~auie nioidfu| d~bc mbn|/ Caov bd ugi mbn|* i|{ilfajjv ugi niuui~ {avfoh boi|* hb ub byu bd

|uaui xb~ì~| xgb xfjj obu {av folbci uaw ub Oix Vb~` \uaui/ Aj|b ugiv xfjj |{ioe cylg bd ugif~

|aja~v fo ugif~ gbci |uaui* eiovfoh \uaui bd ugi |aji| uaw aoe jblaj ny|foi||i| bd ugi ~itioyi// Fu f|

obu ljia~ ugau jblaj janb~ xfjj itiouyajjv ef|{jali ugi|i xb~ì~| nilay|i ugi bfj aoe ha| foey|u~v f|

u~ao|fiou* lbo|uaoujv |gydufoh ub cawfcf}i nioidfu| aoe cfofcf}i lb|u|/

Bti~ i|ufcaui| ~iaj {~b{i~uv uaw {avciou| d~bc gb~f}bouaj xijj| ub lbyoufi|/ Fo lajlyjaufbo|* ugf|

~i{b~u y|i| ugi ha| yofu {~beylufbo Ciefoa tajyi db~ >;1; bd %11/16 db~ ugi iouf~i ;1; tajyi y|ie f| na|ie bo a ati~ahi db~ >;;9 ub

>;;6/ D~bc a ~ilb~e gfhg* ha| {~fli| eiljfoie |ga~{jv |ua~ufoh fo cfe#>;;7/ Ugi~idb~i ugi %11/14

tajyi ebi| obu ~idjilu ly~~iou ha| {~fli bd ljb|i ub %


17/18


18/18

Lboljy|fbo|

Ugi Ei{a~uciou bd Iotf~bociouaj Lbo|i~taufbo aoe fu| eftf|fbo|* {a~uflyja~jv ugi Eftf|fbo bd

Cfoi~aj ^i|by~li| 'Ny~iay bd Bfj aoe Ha| ^ihyjaufbo&* a~i ub ni lbccioeie db~ lbc{fjfoh |b

cylg fodb~caufbo fo ugi fofufaj e~adu \HIF\ '>;;6&/ \fcfja~jv ugiv gati niio |ylli||dyj fo

lb~~ilufoh caov eidflfiolfi| ub {~beyli ugi lbgi~iou ~itf|ie e~adu \HIF\ '>;11&/ Oiti~ugiji||ugi~i a~i |ufjj caov hja~foh aoe |fhofdflaou eidflfiolfi|* aoe cylg xb~` ~icafo| ub ni eboi/ F lao

obu fcahfoi gbx ao aeiqyaui dfoaj \HIF\ lao ni {~beylie d~bc ugi ly~~iou e~adu/ Foeiie* |b

cylg oiie| ub ni ~itf|ie fo aoe aeeie ub ugf| |ilboe e\HIF\ '>;11& ugau a ugf~e e\HIF\ aoe a

ugf~e ~byoe bd lbcciou| xfjj ni oili||a~v nidb~i ugi dfoaj \HIF\ f| aeb{uie/ Ugi ufci ~iqyf~ie

xbyje obu ni iwli||fti lbc{a~ie ub ugi x~fufoh bd ugi HIF\* xgflg niuxiio ugi fofufaj e~adu '1677&

aoe ugi dfoaj '166>& ubb` dby~ via~| au a ufci xgio ugi~i xa| cylg ji|| lbou~bti~|v aoe fo{yu/

Itio xfug aobugi~ ~byoe bd ~itf|fbo| aoe ~itfix|* ugi \HIF\ lbyje ni dfoajf}ie nv >;1

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