Read sentences 1—4 from the passage. Compare them with the rewritten sentences (a)--(b).

• 1 Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand.

• 2 Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously.

• 3 He crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating.

• 4 He pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself.

伴随状语

伴随状语

1

• (a) Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand.

• (b) Will watched and saw the cat behave curiously.• (c) He kept eyes on the spot where the cat had

been investing and crossed the road.• (d) Pushing his shopping bag through, he scrambled

through himself.• Underline the words that use the –ing form of the

verb. How is the –ing form of the verb used?

时间状语

时间状语

• Answer the question about the sentences in Activity 1.

• 1 Which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time?

• 2 Which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another?

• 3 Look at sentences (a) and (d). Do the two parts of the sentences refer to the same person?

2

2 & b, 3 & c

Yes! Will & he

1 & a , 4 & d

　语态时态

主动语态 被动语态

一般式

完成式(not) doing (not) being done

(not)having done

(not)having been done

1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语 动作之后发生，有时也表示在谓语动作之前发生。

The fish can eat a person in two minutes,

leaving only bones.

2 。现在分 词的完成式表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调时间先后关系。

Having finished his homework ,the boy went out to play football.

1. Seeing is believing.

2. Life is not finding yourself. Life is creating yourself.

3. Genius ( 天才 ) only means working hard all one’s life. 　

Review

.　

眼见为实。

天才只意味着终生刻苦奋斗。

subject: 主语

人生不是寻觅自我，而是创造自我。predicative 表语

object: 宾语

V-ing 作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式伴随、让步、结果等。

一 . 时间状语，相当于 when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。

1.When he was walking along the street,he met his old friend.

=Walking along the street,he met his old friend.

2.Be careful while you are crossing the street.

=Be careful while crossing the street.

二 . 原因状语相当于 as, since, because 等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首 , 句中或句末。

1.Because she hadn’t received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.

=Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.

2.As we lived in the country,we had many joys.

=Living in the country,we had many joys.

三 . 条件状语，相当于一个 if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。

1.If I know anything about it,I will tell you all.

=Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.

2.-I could go and get someone to bring the car. -No, thanks. I’ll be better if walking

四 . 让步状语：相当于 although, though,even if, even though 引起的让步状语从句 , 常位于句首。

1.Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.

=Buying a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it because of the learning method.

2.Though they knew all this,they made me pay for the damage.

=knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.

五 . 结果状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为含有并列谓语的简单句。常位于句末。

=It rained heavily so it caused serve flooding in that country.

2 It rained heavily, causing serve flooding in that country.

=My parents went to the party yesterday and they left me alone at home

1 My parents went to the party yesterday ,leaving me alone at home.

六 . 伴随状语

1.All the students sat in the classroom and listened to their teacher.

=All the students sat in the classroom,listening to their teacher.

2.He ran up to her breathing heavily.

=He ran up to her and he was breathing heavily.

分词等于 and 并列两个动词或分句。

七 . 方式状语1.Walking slowly,I approached （靠近） the little window.

= By walking slowly, I approached the little window.

2.He stood leaning against （靠在 .. 上） the wall.

=He stood and leaned against the wall.

分词等于介词 with 引起的方式状语 或 and 并列的两个谓语动词

• 为了使动词 ing形式作状语所表达的时间，条件，结果，让步，原因等意思更加明确，可以在动词 ing前加上适当的连词或介词（ when, while, as, because, if, though ,after, before等）。 as soon as 可以用 on+ v - ing 取代。

注意

• 1 Don’t talk while having dinner.• 2 Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find

it.• 3 On arriving the classroom, she began to

read.

1 While reading the book, the telephone rang.

2 Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.

改错

While she was reading the book, the telephone rang.

Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.

• 动词 ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词 ing 形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）

注意

巩固练习 :

1. The secretary worked late into the

night, ___ a long speech for the

president.

A. to prepare B. preparing

C. prepared D. was preparing

B

2. “Can’t you read?” she said angrily,

___ to the notice.

A. pointed B. and pointing

C. pointing D. to point

3. The missing boy was last seen __

near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing

C. play D. to play

A

C

4. ___ your homework, you mustn’t

listen to music.

A. When do

B. When to do

C. When doing

D. When you doing

C

5. It rained heavily, __ severe

flooding in the country.

A. causing B. to cause

C. caused D. having caused

6. Any driver ___ a license ought to

be punished.

A. doesn’t have B. having not

C. has not D. not having

A

D

1.________(hear) the sad news, they couldn’t help crying.

2. ______(be) very angry, she couldn’t go to sleep.

3. The woman lay in bed, ________(listen) to the rushing winds.

4. ________(work) this way, they greatly reduced the cost.

Hearing

Being

listening

Working