red hat enterprise linux 6 hat enterprise linux 6 導入ガイド red hat enterprise linux 6...

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 4

Last Updated: 2017-11-29


Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 4

Jaromr HradlekRed Hat [email protected]

Douglas SilasRed Hat [email protected]

Martin PrpiRed Hat [email protected]

Stephen WadeleyRed Hat [email protected]

Eva KopalovRed Hat [email protected]

Ella LackeyRed Hat [email protected]

Tom apekRed Hat [email protected]

Petr KovRed Hat [email protected]

Miroslav SvobodaRed Hat [email protected]

Petr BokoRed Hat [email protected]

Florian NadgeRed Hat [email protected]

John HaRed Hat

David O'BrienRed Hat

Michael HideoRed Hat

Don DomingoRed Hat

Copyright 20102013 Red Hat, Inc.

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. 2. 3.

I.

1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3.

2 2.1. /

2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3.

2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2.

3 3.1.

3.1.1. 3.1.2.

3.2. 3.2.1. 3.2.2. 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5.

3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 3.3.3.

3.4. 3.4.1.

4 4.1. SU 4.2. SUDO 4.3.

II.

5 5.1. RED HAT

5.1.1. Red Hat GUI 5.1.2.

5.2. 5.2.1. GUI

13131316

18

19192123

2525252627282929

32323232333334363637383942424343

454546474748

49

505050515151

1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2.2. 5.2.3.

5.3. 5.3.1. GUI 5.3.2.

5.4. 5.4.1. GUI 5.4.2.

5.5. SUBSCRIPTION ASSET MANAGER 5.6.

5.6.1. UI 5.6.2. 5.6.3.

5.7.

6 YUM6.1.

6.1.1. 6.1.2. 6.1.3.

6.2. 6.2.1. 6.2.2. 6.2.3. 6.2.4. 6.2.5. 6.2.6.

6.3. YUM YUM 6.3.1. [main] 6.3.2. [repository] 6.3.3. Yum 6.3.4. 6.3.5. Yum //6.3.6. Yum

6.4. YUM 6.4.1. Yum //6.4.2. Yum 6.4.3.

6.5.

7 PACKAGEKIT7.1.

7.2. /7.2.1. (yum )7.2.2. 7.2.3. () 7.2.4. 7.2.5.

7.3. PACKAGEKIT 7.4.

III.

5659606063656566

676767686970

757575767878787880828485919195979898

100101101102102109

110110111112112113115116117118119

121

2

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 NETWORKMANAGER8.1. NETWORKMANAGER 8.2. NETWORKMANAGER

8.2.1. 8.2.2. 8.2.3. 8.2.4.

8.3. 8.3.1. () 8.3.2. 8.3.3. 8.3.4. VPN 8.3.5. DSL 8.3.6. Bond 8.3.7. VLAN 8.3.8. IP-over-InfiniBand (IPoIB) 8.3.9.

8.4. NETWORKMANAGER

9 9.1. 9.2.

9.2.1. 9.2.2. System z Linux ifcfg 9.2.3. System z Linux ifcfg 9.2.4. Ethtool9.2.5. 9.2.6. 9.2.7. 802.1q VLAN 9.2.8. 9.2.9. 9.2.10.

9.3. 9.4. IP /

9.5. 9.6.

9.6.1. 9.6.2. Web

IV.

10 10.1. 10.2.

10.2.1. 10.2.2. ntsysv 10.2.3. chkconfig

10.3. 10.3.1. 10.3.2.

122122122123124125126127127130135138142143147149151159

160160161161165166166172174177178179181182184184184185186186187187187

188

189189190190192194196196197

3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.3.3. 10.3.4.

10.4. 10.4.1. 10.4.2.

11 11.1.

11.1.1. UI 11.1.2. ID 11.1.3. 11.1.4. 11.1.5.

11.2. SSSD11.2.1. SSSD 11.2.2. sssd.conf 11.2.3. SSSD 11.2.4. SSSD 11.2.5. : NSS11.2.6. : PAM11.2.7. : autofs11.2.8. : sudo11.2.9. : OpenSSH 11.2.10. SSSD ID ()11.2.11. : LDAP11.2.12. : Identity Management (IdM)11.2.13. : Active Directory11.2.14. : 11.2.15. : 11.2.16. : 11.2.17. : DNS Service Discovery 11.2.18. : IP (LDAP )11.2.19. : Proxy11.2.20. : Kerberos 11.2.21. : 11.2.22. : 11.2.23. SSSD 11.2.24. 11.2.25. SSSD 11.2.26. SSSD 11.2.27. SSSD NSCD 11.2.28. SSSD

12 OPENSSH12.1. SSH

12.1.1. SSH 12.1.2. 12.1.3. 12.1.4. SSH

12.2. OPENSSH 12.2.1. 12.2.2. OpenSSH 12.2.3. SSH

197197197197197

199199199200207209213213213215216217218221223226229233237242244253254255256258259261265266267267268269271272

279279279280280280282282284285

4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12.2.4. 12.3. OPENSSH

12.3.1. ssh 12.3.2. scp 12.3.3. sftp

12.4. 12.4.1. X11 12.4.2.

12.5. 12.5.1. 12.5.2. Web

V.

13 DHCP 13.1. DHCP 13.2. DHCP

13.2.1. 13.2.2. 13.2.3. 13.2.4. DHCP

13.3. DHCP 13.4. DHCP

13.4.1. 13.5. IPV6 DHCP (DHCPV6)13.6.

13.6.1.

14 DNS 14.1. DNS

14.1.1. 14.1.2. 14.1.3. BIND

14.2. BIND14.2.1. named 14.2.2. 14.2.3. rndc 14.2.4. dig 14.2.5. BIND 14.2.6. 14.2.7.

15 WEB 15.1. APACHE HTTP

15.1.1. 15.1.2. 15.1.3. 15.1.4. httpd 15.1.5. 15.1.6. 15.1.7. 15.1.8. SSL 15.1.9.

285291291292293294294294295295296

297

298298298298301302303303304305307308308

309309309309310310310319326329331332333

336336336336336337338373374374381

5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 16.1.

16.1.1. 16.1.2.

16.2. 16.2.1. (Mail Transport Agent)16.2.2. (Mail Delivery Agent)16.2.3. (Mail User Agent)

16.3. (MTA)16.3.1. Postfix16.3.2. Sendmail16.3.3. Fetchmail16.3.4. MTA

16.4. (MAIL DELIVERY AGENTS)(MDA)16.4.1. Procmail 16.4.2. Procmail

16.5. (MAIL USER AGENTS)16.5.1.

16.6. 16.6.1. 16.6.2. Web 16.6.3.

17 17.1. OPENLDAP

17.1.1. LDAP 17.1.2. OpenLDAP 17.1.3. OpenLDAP 17.1.4. OpenLDAP 17.1.5. OpenLDAP 17.1.6.

18 18.1. SAMBA

18.1.1. Samba 18.1.2. Samba 18.1.3. Samba 18.1.4. Samba 18.1.5. Samba 18.1.6. Samba smb.conf 18.1.7. Samba 18.1.8. Samba 18.1.9. Samba 18.1.10. CUPS Samba18.1.11. Samba 18.1.12.

18.2. FTP18.2.1. File Transfer Protocol ()18.2.2. vsftpd 18.2.3. vsftpd 18.2.4. vsftpd 18.2.5. vsftpd 18.2.6.

383383383384386386387387387387390395399399400401406406408408408409

410410410412415420421422

425425425426427429430431438440441442443448449449450451451452462

6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.3. 18.3.1. 18.3.2. 18.3.3. 18.3.4. AppSocket/HP JetDirect 18.3.5. IPP 18.3.6. LPD/LPR Host or Printer 18.3.7. Samba (SMB) 18.3.8. 18.3.9. 18.3.10. 18.3.11.

VI.

19 19.1.

19.1.1. ps 19.1.2. top 19.1.3.

19.2. 19.2.1. free 19.2.2.

19.3. CPU 19.3.1.

19.4. 19.4.1. lsblk 19.4.2. blkid 19.4.3. findmnt 19.4.4. df 19.4.5. du 19.4.6.

19.5. 19.5.1. lspci 19.5.2. lsusb 19.5.3. lspcmcia 19.5.4. lscpu

19.6. NET-SNMP 19.6.1. Net-SNMP 19.6.2. Net-SNMP Daemon 19.6.3. Net-SNMP 19.6.4. SNMP 19.6.5. Net-SNMP

19.7. 19.7.1.

20 20.1. RSYSLOG

20.1.1. 20.1.2. 20.1.3. 20.1.4. rsyslog

20.2. 20.2.1. logrotate

463463464464465466467468470473473480

482

483483483484485487487487488488489489490491493493494495495496497497498498499500502506511511

513513513513514525526526

7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.3. 20.4. 20.5. 20.6.

20.6.1. 20.6.2. Web

21 21.1. CRON ANACRON

21.1.1. Cron Anacron 21.1.2. Crond 21.1.3. Anacron 21.1.4. Cron 21.1.5. Cron 21.1.6. Cron /

21.2. AT BATCH 21.2.1. At Batch 21.2.2. At 21.2.3. At 21.2.4. Batch 21.2.5. 21.2.6. 21.2.7. at batch

21.3.

22 (ABRT)22.1. ABRT 22.2. 22.3.

22.3.1. 22.3.2. 22.3.3.

22.4. ABRT 22.4.1. ABRT 22.4.2. ABRT 22.4.3. ABRT GUI 22.4.4. ABRT 22.4.5. ABRT 22.4.6. Debuginfo 22.4.7. 22.4.8.

22.5. 22.5.1. 22.5.2. 22.5.3. 22.5.4. ABRT

23 OPROFILE23.1. 23.2. OPROFILE

23.2.1. 23.2.2. 23.2.3.

23.3. OPROFILE

527530531532532532

533533533533534536538538539539539540541542542542543

544545547554554556557558558560561563566566567567568568569569571

572572573573574577578

8

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23.4. 23.5.

23.5.1. opreport 23.5.2. opreport 23.5.3. 23.5.4. opannotate

23.6. /DEV/OPROFILE/ 23.7. 23.8. JAVA OPROFILE

23.8.1. Java 23.9. 23.10. OPROFILE SYSTEMTAP23.11.

23.11.1. 23.11.2. Web

VII.

24 24.1. 24.2. 24.3. 24.4. 24.5. RAM

IBM eServer System i RAM 24.6.

24.6.1. GRUB 24.6.2. OS/400 24.6.3. YABOOT

25 25.1. 25.2. 25.3. 25.4. 25.5. 25.6. 25.7.

25.7.1. 25.7.2.

25.8. man

26 KDUMP 26.1. KDUMP 26.2. KDUMP

26.2.1. kdump 26.2.2. 26.2.3. kdump 26.2.4.

26.3. 26.3.1. crash 26.3.2.

579579580581583584584585585585585589589589589

590

591591592593594594596596597599599

601601602605605606608609609609615615616

617617617617618622626626626628

9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.3.3. 26.3.4. 26.3.5. 26.3.6. 26.3.7.

26.4. 26.4.1. 26.4.2. Web

A A.1. A.2. A.3. A.4.

B RPMB.1. RPM B.2. RPM

B.2.1. RPM B.2.2. B.2.3. B.2.4. B.2.5. B.2.6. B.2.7.

B.3. B.3.1. B.3.2.

B.4. RPM B.5.

B.5.1. B.5.2. Web B.5.3.

C X WINDOW SYSTEMC.1. X C.2.

C.2.1. C.2.2.

C.3. X C.3.1. C.3.2. xorg.conf.d C.3.3. xorg.conf

C.4. C.4.1. Fontconfig

C.5. XC.5.1. 3C.5.2. 5

C.6. C.6.1. C.6.2. Web

D SYSCONFIG D.1. /ETC/SYSCONFIG/

628629629630631631631631

632632633633633

635636636637637640641642642643644645645645648648648648

649649649650650651651652652660660661661662663663663

664664

10

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D.1.1. /etc/sysconfig/arpwatchD.1.2. /etc/sysconfig/authconfigD.1.3. /etc/sysconfig/autofsD.1.4. /etc/sysconfig/clockD.1.5. /etc/sysconfig/dhcpdD.1.6. /etc/sysconfig/firstbootD.1.7. /etc/sysconfig/i18nD.1.8. /etc/sysconfig/initD.1.9. /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-configD.1.10. /etc/sysconfig/keyboardD.1.11. /etc/sysconfig/ldapD.1.12. /etc/sysconfig/namedD.1.13. /etc/sysconfig/networkD.1.14. /etc/sysconfig/ntpdD.1.15. /etc/sysconfig/quaggaD.1.16. /etc/sysconfig/radvdD.1.17. /etc/sysconfig/sambaD.1.18. /etc/sysconfig/saslauthdD.1.19. /etc/sysconfig/selinuxD.1.20. /etc/sysconfig/sendmailD.1.21. /etc/sysconfig/spamassassinD.1.22. /etc/sysconfig/squidD.1.23. /etc/sysconfig/system-config-usersD.1.24. /etc/sysconfig/vncserversD.1.25. /etc/sysconfig/xinetd

D.2. /ETC/SYSCONFIG/ D.3.

D.3.1.

E PROC E.1.

E.1.1. E.1.2.

E.2. PROC E.2.1. /proc/buddyinfoE.2.2. /proc/cmdlineE.2.3. /proc/cpuinfoE.2.4. /proc/cryptoE.2.5. /proc/devicesE.2.6. /proc/dmaE.2.7. /proc/execdomainsE.2.8. /proc/fbE.2.9. /proc/filesystemsE.2.10. /proc/interruptsE.2.11. /proc/iomemE.2.12. /proc/ioportsE.2.13. /proc/kcoreE.2.14. /proc/kmsgE.2.15. /proc/loadavgE.2.16. /proc/locksE.2.17. /proc/mdstatE.2.18. /proc/meminfoE.2.19. /proc/misc

664664667669669669670670672673674675675676676678678678679679680680680681681682682682

684684684685685686686686687688689689689689690691691692692692692693693695

11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E.2.20. /proc/modulesE.2.21. /proc/mountsE.2.22. /proc/mtrrE.2.23. /proc/partitionsE.2.24. /proc/slabinfoE.2.25. /proc/statE.2.26. /proc/swapsE.2.27. /proc/sysrq-triggerE.2.28. /proc/uptimeE.2.29. /proc/version

E.3. /PROC/ E.3.1. E.3.2. /proc/bus/E.3.3. /proc/bus/pciE.3.4. /proc/driver/E.3.5. /proc/fsE.3.6. /proc/irq/E.3.7. /proc/net/E.3.8. /proc/scsi/E.3.9. /proc/sys/E.3.10. /proc/sysvipc/E.3.11. /proc/tty/E.3.12. /proc/PID/

E.4. SYSCTL E.5.

E.5.1. E.5.2. Web

F

695696697697697699700700700700700701703704704705705705706708718719719720721721722

723

724

12

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 /

PackageKit Yum

NetworkManager

DHCPBINDApache HTTP PostfixSendmail

Automatic Bug Reporting Tool () kdump

1.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat EnterpriseLinux 6

2.

I

1 Keyboard Indicator ()

2 NTP (Network Time Protocol: )

3

4 su sudo

13

http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/index.html

II

Yum PackageKit Red Hat Enterprise Linux

5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat /

6Yum Yum ///

7PackageKit PackageKit ///

III

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

8NetworkManager NetworkManager NetworkManager

9 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

IV

10 //

11 LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol: )NIS (Network Information Service: ) Winbind SSSD (SystemSecurity Services Daemon: )

12OpenSSH SSH sshd sshscpsftp

V

Web

14

13DHCP DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: ) DHCP

14DNS DNS (Domain Name System: ) BIND DNS /// DNS

15Web Apache HTTP 2.2 Apache Software Foundation Web Web

16 PostfixSendmailFetchmailProcmail

17 LDAPv2 LDAPv3 OpenLDAP 2.4 /

18 SMB (Server Message Block: ) Samba Red Hat Enterprise Linux FTP vsftpd / Printer Configuration () /

VI

19

20 rsyslog //

21 cronat batch

22 (ABRT) ABRT ABRT

23OProfile OProfile OProfile

VII

15

24 yum rpm Yum

25 ///

26kdump Red Hat Enterprise Linux kdump // crash kdump

A

//

B RPM

Red Hat Enterprise Linux RPM(RPM ) rpm yum rpm

C X Window System

Red Hat Enterprise Linux X Window System X Window System

D sysconfig

/etc/sysconfig/

E proc

proc (/proc/ )

3.

http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/index.html Deployment Guide (), copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc.

Net-SNMP Michael Solberg

: Adam TkAndrew

16

http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Deployment_Guide/index.html

FitzsimonAndrius BenokraitisBrian Cleary Edward BaileyGarrett LeSageJeffrey FearnJoeOrtonJoshua WulfKarsten WadeLucy RinglandMarcela MalovMark JohnsonMichaelBehmMiroslav LichvrRadek VoklRahul KavalaparaRahul SundaramSandra MooreZbyek MrzJan VelkPeter HuttererJames Antill ()

17

I.

18

1 Keyboard Indicator ()

1.1.

Keyboard Preferences ()

System () Preferences () Keyboard () Layouts ()

1.1

1

19

1.2

2 (By country () ) (By language () ) Variants ()

1.3

20

1.4

1.3

1.2.

Add to Panel... (...)

1

21

1.5

( )

1.6

22

1.7

1.3.

1.8

/

1

23

1.9

Postpone Break ()

24

2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux NTP (Network Time Protocol ) Date/Time Properties (/) 2

2.1. /

/ X WindowSystem ( C X Window System )

System () Administration () Date & Time() (xterm GNOME ) system-config-date

2.1

2.1.1.

2.2 / 2

2

25

2.2

:

1.

2.

OK

2.1.2.

Synchronize date and time over the network () NTP 2.3

26

2.3

1 Advanced Options ()

OK NTP

OK

2.1.3.

2.4 Time Zone ()

2

27

2.4

2

1. / X

2.

UTC System clock uses UTC ( UTC ) UTC Universal Time, Coordinated () GMT() UTC /

OK

2.2.

/ X WindowServer :

28

~]$ su -Password:

2.2.1.

date

1. YYYY 4 MM 2 DD 2 :

~]# date +%D -s YYYY-MM-DD

2010 6 2 :

~]# date +%D -s 2010-06-02

2. HH MM SS 2 :

~]# date +%T -s HH:MM:SS

UTC :

~]# date +%T -s HH:MM:SS -u

UTC 11:26 PM :

~]# date +%T -s 23:26:00 -u

date :

2.1

~]$ dateWed Jun 2 11:58:48 CEST 2010

2.2.2.

(NTP) 1 ntpdate

1. NTP :

~]# ntpdate -q server_address

:

~]# ntpdate -q 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org

2

29

2. 1 ntpdate :

~]# ntpdate server_address...

:

~]# ntpdate 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org

date

3. 1 ntpdate :

~]# chkconfig ntpdate on

10

/var/log/boot.log /etc/sysconfig/network :

NETWORKWAIT=1

ntpd

1. vi nano NTP /etc/ntp.conf :

~]# nano /etc/ntp.conf

2. NTP /Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 /:

server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.orgserver 1.rhel.pool.ntp.orgserver 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org

30

iburst :

server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst

3. :

restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noqueryrestrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noqueryrestrict 127.0.0.1restrict -6 ::1

4. NTP :

~]# service ntpd restart

5. ntpd :

~]# chkconfig ntpd on

2

31

3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux //

3.1.

() //

ID (UID) ID (GID) // root root

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (ACL) Storage Administration Guide () Access Control Lists ()

3.1.1.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux UPG () UNIX

umask /etc/bashrc UNIX umask 022 UPG

3.1.2.

shadow-utils

UNIX

32

http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/index.htmlhttp://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/ch-acls.html

/etc/passwd root /etc/shadow

/etc/login.defs

shadow-utils /etc/shadow /

chage

gpasswd

-e -f usermod

-e -f useradd

3.2.

/// system-config-users root

3.2.1.

2 ID ID

3

33

3.1

Enter

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 500 ID ID

3.2.2.

3.2

34

3.2

6

/bin/bash

/home/username/ /etc/skel/

3

35

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (UPG)

ID ID 500 ID Red Hat Enterprise Linux 500 ID 1 499 ID

OK

3.2.3.

3.3 ID ID GID Red Hat Enterprise Linux 500 ID

3.3

OK

3.2.4.

( ) 3.4

36

3.4

/

3.2.5.

( )3.5

3

37

3.5

/OK

3.3.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux X Window System 3.1

3.1

useradd, usermod, userdel //

groupadd, groupmod, groupdel

//

gpasswd /etc/group

pwck, grpck

38

pwconv, pwunconv

3.3.1.

root :

useradd [options] username

options 3.2useradd

useradd root :

passwd username

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide

3.2 useradd

-c 'comment' comment

-d home_directory /home/username/

-e date YYYY-MM-DD

-f days 0 -1

-g group_name

-G group_list ()

-m

3

39

-M

-N

-p password crypt

-r UID 500

-s /bin/bash

-u uid ID 499

useradd juan :

1. /etc/passwd juan :

juan

x

499 UID Red Hat Enterprise Linux 500 UID

499 GID Red Hat Enterprise Linux 500 GID

GECOS GECOS

juan /home/juan/

/bin/bash

2. juan /etc/shadow :

juan:x:501:501::/home/juan:/bin/bash

juan:!!:14798:0:99999:7:::

40

juan

2 (!!) /etc/shadow

-p /etc/shadow

3. juan /etc/group :

/etc/group

juan

x

GID /etc/passwd juan GID

4. juan /etc/gshadow :

juan

1 (!) /etc/gshadow

5. juan /home/ :

~]# ls -l /hometotal 4drwx------. 4 juan juan 4096 Mar 3 18:23 juan

juan juan juan

6. /etc/skel/ () /home/juan/ :

juan:x:501:

juan:!::

3

41

~]# ls -la /home/juantotal 28drwx------. 4 juan juan 4096 Mar 3 18:23 .drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Mar 3 18:23 ..-rw-r--r--. 1 juan juan 18 Jun 22 2010 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--. 1 juan juan 176 Jun 22 2010 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--. 1 juan juan 124 Jun 22 2010 .bashrcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 juan juan 4096 Jul 14 2010 .gnome2drwxr-xr-x. 4 juan juan 4096 Nov 23 15:09 .mozilla

juan passwd

3.3.2.

root :

groupadd [options] group_name

options 3.3groupadd

3.3 groupadd

-f, --force -g gid gid groupadd gid

-g gid ID 499

-K, --key key=value /etc/login.defs

-o, --non-unique

-p, --password password

-r GID 500

3.3.3.

1 UPG setgid

42

setgid

/opt/myproject/

1. root /opt/myproject/ :

mkdir /opt/myproject

2. myproject :

groupadd myproject

3. /opt/myproject/ myproject :

chown root:myproject /opt/myproject

4. setgid :

chmod 2775 /opt/myproject

myproject /opt/myproject/ /:

~]# ls -l /opttotal 4drwxrwsr-x. 3 root myproject 4096 Mar 3 18:31 myproject

3.4.

3.4.1.

man :

chage(1)

gpasswd(1) /etc/group

groupadd(8)

grpck(8) /etc/group

3

43

groupdel(8)

groupmod(8)

pwck(8) /etc/passwd /etc/shadow

pwconv(8)

pwunconv(8)

useradd(8)

userdel(8)

usermod(8)

:

group(5)

passwd(5)

shadow(5)

44

4 () root su sudo setuid root


4.1. SU

su root root shell

su root

[1]root su

wheel root

usermod -G wheel

wheel

User Manager

1. User Manager shell system-config-users

2.

3. ( )

4. wheel OK

User Manager

wheel su su: /etc/pam.d/su PAM (#)

#auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid

4

45

wheel su

root wheel

4.2. SUDO

sudo sudo root

sudo

sudo

root mount

sudo /etc/sudoers sudo root Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 root

sudo /var/log/messages /var/log/secure /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_tty_audit TTY

session required pam_tty_audit.so disable= enable=

pattern root TTY

session required pam_tty_audit.so disable=* enable=root

sudo

sudo /etc/sudoers visudo

visudo

juan sudo

juan ALL=(ALL) ALL

46

sudo

/sbin/shutdown -h now

sudoers man

sudo visudo /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers wheel root

sudo sudo 5 /etc/sudoers

0 sudo

sudo sudo shell

sudo /bin/bash

root shell /etc/sudoers sudo

4.3.

su(1) - su man

sudo(8) - sudo man sudo

pam(8) - man Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules

%users localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now

Defaults timestamp_timeout=

4

47

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - setuid

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Managing Single Sign-On and Smart Cards - Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)

[1] SELinux

48

https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Security_Guide/index.htmlhttps://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Managing_Smart_Cards/index.html

II.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux RPM Yum PackageKit Red Hat Enterprise Linux

II.

49

5 ()

Red Hat yum yum yum 6Yum

5.1. RED HAT

Red Hat GUI CLI

Red Hat root Red Hat

5.1.1. Red Hat GUI

Red Hat =>

5.1 Red Hat

Red Hat GUI:

50

5.1.2.

Red Hat UI subscription-manager

subscription-manager man

5.1 subscription-manager

register

unregister

subscribe

redeem BIOS

unsubscribe

list

5.2.

( ) ()

5.2.1. GUI

1.

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager-gui

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager command [options]

5

51

[root@server ~]# subscription-manager-gui

2.

3. subscription.rhn.redhat.com Subscription Asset Manager

Red Hat ()

Subscription Asset Manager

CloudForms System Engine

52

4.

Red Hat Network

Subscription Asset Manager CloudForms System engine

5.

6. ()

5

53

IT 1 Subscription Asset Manager IT

1

54

7.

1.

2.

5

55

5.2.2.

register ID

register 5.2register

5.1

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager register --username admin-example --password secret

The system has been registered with id: 7d133d55-876f-4f47-83eb-0ee931cb0a97

5.2

register --autosubscribe

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager register --username admin-example --password secret --autosubscribe

UI

5.3 Subscription Asset Manager

56

Subscription Asset Manager CloudForms System Engine 1 () --org

--serverurl

--baseurl (CloudForms System Engine )

--org

--environment ()

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager register --username=admin-example --password=secret --org="IT Department" --environment="dev" --serverurl=sam-server.example.com

The system has been registered with id: 7d133d55-876f-4f47-83eb-0ee931cb0a97

register Remote Server

5.2 register

--username=name

--password=password

5

57

--serverurl=hostname subscription.rhn.redhat.com

Subscription Asset Manager CloudForms System Engine

--baseurl=URL Subscription Asset Manager Red Hat URL https://cdn.redhat.com CloudForms System Engine System Engine URL

CloudForms System Engine

--org=name

--environment=name 1 1

--name=machine_name

--autosubscribe

--activationkey=key Subscription Asset Manager

58

--servicelevel=None|Standard|Premium

--autosubscribe

--release=NUMBER --autosubscribe

--force

5.2.3.

unregister ID

unregister

5.4

GUI

1. UI


2.

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager unregister

5

59

3.

5.3.

RedHat 1 1

5.3.1. GUI

5.3.1.1.

1.


2.

3.

60

match my system ()

match my installed products ()

4. 1

5

61

5. Subscribe ()

5.3.1.2.

1.


2.

()

62

3.

4.

5.3.2.

5.3.2.1.

--pool

subscribe 5.3subscribe

ID ID list

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager subscribe --pool=XYZ01234567

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager list --available

+-------------------------------------------+ Available Subscriptions+-------------------------------------------+ProductName: RHEL for Physical ServersProductId: MKT-rhel-serverPoolId: ff8080812bc382e3012bc3845ca000cbQuantity: 10Expires: 2011-09-20

5

63

--auto (register --autosubscribe )

5.3 subscribe

--pool=pool-id ID

--auto

--auto 1

--quantity=number (: 2 2 1 4 )

--servicelevel=None|Standard|Premium

--auto

5.3.2.2.

unsubscribe --all

X.509 unsubscribe X.509 ID

1. subscription#.pem (: 392729555585697907.pem) list

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager subscribe --auto

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager unsubscribe --all

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager list --consumed

64

2. subscription-manager --serial

5.4.

Red Hat

Red Hat BIOS BIOS

5.4.1. GUI

Redeem ()

1.


2. GUI

3. Redeem ()

+-------------------------------------------+ Consumed Product Subscriptions+-------------------------------------------+

ProductName: High availability (cluster suite)ContractNumber: 0SerialNumber: 11287514358600162Active: TrueBegins: 2010-09-18Expires: 2011-11-18

[root@server1 ~]# subscription-manager unsubscribe --serial=11287514358600162

5

65

4.

5. Redeem ()

10

5.4.2.

redeem

66

5.5. SUBSCRIPTION ASSET MANAGER



5.6.

() 2

(X.Y)

5.6.1. UI

1.

2.

3.

# subscription-manager redeem [email protected]

# subscription-manager register --username=jsmith --password=secret --org="IT Dept" --activationkey=abcd1234

5

67

4. Red Hat

5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux

6.

5.6.2.

service-level --set

5.5

service-level --list

68

[root@server ~]# subscription-manager service-level --list+-------------------------------------------+ Available Service Levels+-------------------------------------------+StandardNonePremiumSelf-Support

[root@server ~]# subscription-manager service-level --set=self-supportService level set to: self-support

--show

[root#server ~]# subscription-manager service-level --showCurrent service level: self-support

()register subscribe --servicelevel

5.6

[root#server ~]# subscription-manager subscribe --auto --servicelevel PremiumService level set to: PremiumInstalled Product Current Status:ProductName: RHEL 6 for WorkstationsStatus: Subscribed

--servicelevel --autosubscribe () --auto ()

5.6.3.

IT yum update

5

69

6.3 6.3

5.7

register --release

--autosubscribe 1

[root#server ~]# subscription-manager register --autosubscribe --release=6.4 [email protected]...

subscribe

5.8

release

[root#server ~]# subscription-manager release --list+-------------------------------------------+ Available Releases+-------------------------------------------+6.26.3

--set 1

[root#server ~]# subscription-manager release --set=6.3Release version set to: 6.3

5.7.

16 4 4

70

()

5.2

Red Hat UI GUI

5.3

5

71

subscribedpartially subscribedexpired/not subscribed

5.4

Red Hat GUI

[root@server ~]# subscription-manager list+-------------------------------------------+ Installed Product Status+-------------------------------------------+

ProductName: Red Hat Enterprise Linux ServerStatus: Not SubscribedExpires: SerialNumber: ContractNumber: AccountNumber:

72

5.5

UI ()

5.6

()

5

73

5.7

74

6 YUMYum Red Hat Yum Yum ////

Yum Yum RPM Yum 1

Yum GPG (Gnu Privacy Guard: GnuPG) GPG () Yum GPG RPM Red Hat Yum Yum Yum GPG RPM

Yum / RPM

Yum Yum PackageKit PackageKit 7PackageKit

yum //su sudo

6.1.

6.1.1.

:

yum check-update

:

~]# yum check-updateLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.

6 YUM

75

INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0PackageKit.x86_64 0.5.8-2.el6 rhelPackageKit-glib.x86_64 0.5.8-2.el6 rhelPackageKit-yum.x86_64 0.5.8-2.el6 rhelPackageKit-yum-plugin.x86_64 0.5.8-2.el6 rhelglibc.x86_64 2.11.90-20.el6 rhelglibc-common.x86_64 2.10.90-22 rhelkernel.x86_64 2.6.31-14.el6 rhelkernel-firmware.noarch 2.6.31-14.el6 rhelrpm.x86_64 4.7.1-5.el6 rhelrpm-libs.x86_64 4.7.1-5.el6 rhelrpm-python.x86_64 4.7.1-5.el6 rheludev.x86_64 147-2.15.el6 rhelyum.noarch 3.2.24-4.el6 rhel

PackageKit

PackageKit

x86_64 CPU

0.5.8

rhel

(kernel )Yum RPM (yum rpm ) (kernel-firmwarerpm-libsrpm-python ) yum

6.1.2.

1 1 ()

root :

yum update package_name

udev :

~]# yum update udevLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Setting up Update ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package udev.x86_64 0:147-2.15.el6 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

76

=========================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size===========================================================================Updating: udev x86_64 147-2.15.el6 rhel 337 k

Transaction Summary===========================================================================Install 0 Package(s)Upgrade 1 Package(s)

Total download size: 337 kIs this ok [y/N]:

1. Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager yum Yum Yum Yum

2. udev.x86_64 udev

3. yum yum yum -y yum yes ()yum

yum history Yum

rpm -i kernel RPM yum yum yum update yum install

RPM rpm -u kernel ( ) rpm -i kernel () RPM /

6 YUM

77

yum update () :

yum update

Yum security yum

6.1.3.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Yum RPM

6.2.

6.2.1.

RPM :

yum search term

meld kompare :

~]# yum search meld kompareLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0============================ Matched: kompare =============================kdesdk.x86_64 : The KDE Software Development Kit (SDK)Warning: No matches found for: meld

yum search

6.2.2.

yum list

Yum list 1 glob glob 1 * () ? ( 1 )

78

yum glob glob bash glob yum glob yum :

glob

6.1glob ABRT 6.3glob

yum list glob_expression

glob

6.1 glob ABRT

ABRT abrt-addon-abrt-plugin-:

~]# yum list abrt-addon\* abrt-plugin\*Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Installed Packagesabrt-addon-ccpp.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-addon-python.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-plugin-bugzilla.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-plugin-logger.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-plugin-sosreport.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhelabrt-plugin-ticketuploader.x86_64 1.0.7-5.el6 @rhel

yum list all

yum list installed

6 YUM

79

6.2 glob

krb 1 :

~]# yum list installed "krb?-*"Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Installed Packageskrb5-libs.x86_64 1.8.1-3.el6 @rhelkrb5-workstation.x86_64 1.8.1-3.el6 @rhel

yum list available

6.3 glob

gstreamer plugin :

~]# yum list available gstreamer\*plugin\*Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Available Packagesgstreamer-plugins-bad-free.i686 0.10.17-4.el6 rhelgstreamer-plugins-base.i686 0.10.26-1.el6 rhelgstreamer-plugins-base-devel.i686 0.10.26-1.el6 rhelgstreamer-plugins-base-devel.x86_64 0.10.26-1.el6 rhelgstreamer-plugins-good.i686 0.10.18-1.el6 rhel

yum grouplist

yum repolist

ID

6.2.3.

80

1 (glob ) :

yum info package_name

abrt :

~]# yum info abrtLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Installed PackagesName : abrtArch : x86_64Version : 1.0.7Release : 5.el6Size : 578 kRepo : installedFrom repo : rhelSummary : Automatic bug detection and reporting toolURL : https://fedorahosted.org/abrt/License : GPLv2+Description: abrt is a tool to help users to detect defects in applications : and to create a bug report with all informations needed by : maintainer to fix it. It uses plugin system to extend its : functionality.

yum info package_name rpm -q --info package_name yum info package_name RPM Yum ID ( From repo: )

Yum :

yumdb info package_name

( SHA-256 ) () (user dep ) yum :

~]# yumdb info yumLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manageryum-3.2.27-4.el6.noarch checksum_data = 23d337ed51a9757bbfbdceb82c4eaca9808ff1009b51e9626d540f44fe95f771 checksum_type = sha256 from_repo = rhel from_repo_revision = 1298613159 from_repo_timestamp = 1298614288 installed_by = 4294967295 reason = user releasever = 6.1

6 YUM

81

yumdb yumdb(8) man

6.2.4.

Yum

:

yum install package_name

:

yum install package_name package_name

AMD64 Intel64 multilib . arch () i586 sqlite2 :

~]# yum install sqlite2.i586

glob :

~]# yum install audacious-plugins-\*

glob yum install yum install :

~]# yum install /usr/sbin/named

yum /usr/sbin/named yum

82

named bin sbin glob yum provides :

~]# yum provides "*bin/named"Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 032:bind-9.7.0-4.P1.el6.x86_64 : The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) : DNS (Domain Name System) serverRepo : rhelMatched from:Filename : /usr/sbin/named

yum provides "*/file_name" file_name

1 groupid yum grouplist -v groupid groupid kde-desktop :

~]# yum -v grouplist kde\*Loading "product-id" pluginLoading "refresh-packagekit" pluginLoading "subscription-manager" pluginUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Config time: 0.123Yum Version: 3.2.29Setting up Group ProcessLooking for repo options for [rhel]rpmdb time: 0.001group time: 1.291Available Groups: KDE Desktop (kde-desktop)Done

groupinstall (groupid ) :

yum groupinstall group_name

groupid :

yum groupinstall groupid

6 YUM

83

@-groupid () install ( groupinstall yum ):

yum install @group

KDE Desktop :

~]# yum groupinstall "KDE Desktop"~]# yum groupinstall kde-desktop~]# yum install @kde-desktop

6.2.5.

Yum (RPM Yum remove )

root :

yum remove package_name

totemrhythmboxsound-juicer :

~]# yum remove totem rhythmbox sound-juicer

install remove

glob

Yum RPM /RPM

install :

84

yum groupremove group

yum remove @group

KDE Desktop :

~]# yum groupremove "KDE Desktop"~]# yum groupremove kde-desktop~]# yum remove @kde-desktop

yum yum yum /etc/yum.conf [main] groupremove_leaf_only=1 [main]

6.2.6.

yum history Yum RPM /

20 root yum history :

yum history list

all :

yum history list all

:

yum history list start_id..end_id

glob :

yum history list glob_expression

5

~]# yum history list 1..5Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) |

6 YUM

85

Altered------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 | Jaromir ... | 2011-07-29 15:33 | Install | 1 4 | Jaromir ... | 2011-07-21 15:10 | Install | 1 3 | Jaromir ... | 2011-07-16 15:27 | I, U | 73 2 | System | 2011-07-16 15:19 | Update | 1 1 | System | 2011-07-16 14:38 | Install | 1106history list

yum history list

ID

Login user Full Name () System

Date and time

Action(s) 6.1Action

Altered 6.2Altered

6.1 Action

Action

Downgrade D 1

Erase E 1

Install I 1

Obsoleting O 1

Reinstall R 1

Update U 1

6.2 Altered

86

System | Last 2 weeks | I, U | 1107history summary

yum history summary yum history list

yum history list yum history summary root :

yum history package-list glob_expression

subscription-manager :

~]# yum history package-list subscription-manager\*Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerID | Action(s) | Package------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 | Updated | subscription-manager-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64 3 | Update | 0.95.17-1.el6_1.x86_64 3 | Updated | subscription-manager-firstboot-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64 3 | Update | 0.95.17-1.el6_1.x86_64 3 | Updated | subscription-manager-gnome-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64 3 | Update | 0.95.17-1.el6_1.x86_64 1 | Install | subscription-manager-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64 1 | Install | subscription-manager-firstboot-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64 1 | Install | subscription-manager-gnome-0.95.11-1.el6.x86_64history package-list

subscription-managersubscription-manager-firstbootsubscription-manager-gnome 3 3 0.95.11 0.95.17

1 root yum history summary:

yum history summary id

root :

yum history info id

id yum :

88

yum history info start_id..end_id

2 1 :

~]# yum history info 4..5Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerTransaction ID : 4..5Begin time : Thu Jul 21 15:10:46 2011Begin rpmdb : 1107:0c67c32219c199f92ed8da7572b4c6df64eacd3aEnd time : 15:33:15 2011 (22 minutes)End rpmdb : 1109:1171025bd9b6b5f8db30d063598f590f1c1f3242User : Jaromir Hradilek Return-Code : SuccessCommand Line : install screenCommand Line : install yum-plugin-fs-snapshotTransaction performed with: Installed rpm-4.8.0-16.el6.x86_64 Installed yum-3.2.29-17.el6.noarch Installed yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64Packages Altered: Install screen-4.0.3-16.el6.x86_64 Install yum-plugin-fs-snapshot-1.1.30-6.el6.noarchhistory info

root :

yum history addon-info id

yum history info id yum last :

yum history addon-info last

yum history addon-info :

~]# yum history addon-info 4Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-managerTransaction ID: 4Available additional history information: config-main config-repos saved_tx

history addon-info

3

6 YUM

89

config-main Yum [main]

config-repos Yum [repository]

saved_tx yum load-transaction ()

root :

yum history addon-info id information

/yum history /root :

yum history undo id

root :

yum history redo id

last /

yum history undo yum history redo /yum history undo () fs-snapshot

Yum 1 root :

yum -q history addon-info id saved_tx > file_name

root :

yum load-transaction file_name

rpmdb rpmdb yum version nogroups

90

Yum SQLite root :

yum history new

/var/lib/yum/history/

6.3. YUM YUM

yum /etc/yum.conf [main] 1 Yum 1 [repository] /etc/yum.repos.d/ .repo /etc/yum.conf [main] [repository]

/etc/yum.conf [main] Yum

/etc/yum.conf [repository] /etc/yum.repos.d/ .repo

/etc/yum.conf Yum /etc/yum.repos.d/

Yum //

Yum

6.3.1. [main]

/etc/yum.conf 1 [main] yum Yum /etc/yum.conf [main]

/etc/yum.conf :

[main]cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releaseverkeepcache=0debuglevel=2logfile=/var/log/yum.logexactarch=1obsoletes=1gpgcheck=1plugins=1installonly_limit=3

[ ]

6 YUM

91

[main]

assumeyes=value

value

0 yum

1 yum assumeyes=1 yum -y

cachedir=directory

directory Yum Yum /var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

$basearch $releasever Yum Yum

debuglevel=value

value 1 10 debuglevel yum debuglevel=0 debuglevel=2

exactarch=value

value

0

1 yum i386 i686

exclude=package_name [more_package_names]

/ (* ? )

gpgcheck=value

value

0 GPG

1 GPG gpgcheck=1

/etc/yum.conf [main]

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo# in /etc/yum.repos.d

92

GPG gpgcheck=value GPG .repo gpgcheck=value /etc/yum.conf

GPG

groupremove_leaf_only=value

value

0 yum yum groupremove_leaf_only=0

1 yum

installonlypkgs=space separated list of packages

yum yum.conf(5) man

installonlypkgs /etc/yum.conf yum.conf(5)installonlypkgs installonlypkgs () installonly_limit 2

installonly_limit=value

value installonlypkgs

installonlypkgs installonly_limit /etc/yum.conf installonly_limit=3 2

keepcache=value

value

0

1

6 YUM

93

logfile=file_name

file_name yum yum /var/log/yum.log

multilib_policy=value

value

best AMD64 multilib_policy=best yum 64-bit

all AMD64 multilib_policy all yum i586 AMD64

obsoletes=value

value

0 yum obsoletes

1 yum obsoletes obsoletes obsoletes=1

plugins=value

value

0 Yum

Yum rhnplugin RHN Classic product-id subscription-manager Content Delivery Network (CDN) Yum

1 Yum plugins=1 Yum enabled=0

Yum Yum Yum //

reposdir=directory

directory .repo .repo (/etc/yum.conf [repository] ) yum .repo /etc/yum.conf [repository]

94

reposdir yum /etc/yum.repos.d/

retries=value

value 0 yum 0 yum 10

[main] yum.conf(5) man [main] OPTIONS

6.3.2. [repository]

[repository] repository my_personal_repo () ID Yum

[repository] :

[repository]

name=repository_name

repository_name

baseurl=repository_url

repository_url repodata URL

HTTP http://path/to/repo

FTP ftp://path/to/repo

file:///path/to/local/repo

HTTP username:password@link URL http://www.example.com/repo/ user password baseurl http://user:[email protected]/repo/

URL HTTP :

Yum URL $releasever$arch$basearch Yum Yum

[repository]name=repository_namebaseurl=repository_url

baseurl=http://path/to/repo/releases/$releasever/server/$basearch/os/

6 YUM

95

[repository]

enabled=value

value

0 //

1

/--enablerepo=repo_name --disablerepo=repo_name yum PackageKit /

[repository] yum.conf(5) man [repository] OPTIONS

6.4 /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

/etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo :

## Red Hat Repositories# Managed by (rhsm) subscription-manager#

[red-hat-enterprise-linux-scalable-file-system-for-rhel-6-entitlement-rpms]name = Red Hat Enterprise Linux Scalable File System (for RHEL 6 Entitlement) (RPMs)baseurl = https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel/entitlement-6/releases/$releasever/$basearch/scalablefilesystem/osenabled = 1gpgcheck = 1gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releasesslverify = 1sslcacert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pemsslclientkey = /etc/pki/entitlement/key.pemsslclientcert = /etc/pki/entitlement/11300387955690106.pem

[red-hat-enterprise-linux-scalable-file-system-for-rhel-6-entitlement-source-rpms]name = Red Hat Enterprise Linux Scalable File System (for RHEL 6 Entitlement) (Source RPMs)baseurl = https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel/entitlement-6/releases/$releasever/$basearch/scalablefilesystem/source/SRPMSenabled = 0gpgcheck = 1gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releasesslverify = 1sslcacert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pemsslclientkey = /etc/pki/entitlement/key.pemsslclientcert = /etc/pki/entitlement/11300387955690106.pem

96

6.3.3. Yum

yum Yum / ( /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d/ .repo ):

$releasever

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Yum /etc/yum.conf distroverpkg=value $releasever /etc/yum.conf yum redhat-release

$arch

Python os.uname() CPU$arch i586i686x86_64

$basearch

$basearch i686 i586 i386 AMD64 Intel64 x86_64

$YUM0-9

10 ( /etc/yum.conf )

/etc/yum/vars/ ($ ) 1

$osname1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux /etc/yum/vars/osname :

~]# echo "Red Hat Enterprise Linux" > /etc/yum/vars/osname

[red-hat-enterprise-linux-scalable-file-system-for-rhel-6-entitlement-debug-rpms]name = Red Hat Enterprise Linux Scalable File System (for RHEL 6 Entitlement) (Debug RPMs)baseurl = https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel/entitlement-6/releases/$releasever/$basearch/scalablefilesystem/debugenabled = 0gpgcheck = 1gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releasesslverify = 1sslcacert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pemsslclientkey = /etc/pki/entitlement/key.pemsslclientcert = /etc/pki/entitlement/11300387955690106.pem

6 YUM

97

.repo Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 :

6.3.4.

Yum ( /etc/yum.conf [main] ) yum-config-manager :

yum-config-manager

:

yum-config-manager section

glob :

yum-config-manager glob_expression

:

~]$ yum-config-manager main \*Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager================================== main ===================================[main]alwaysprompt = Trueassumeyes = Falsebandwith = 0bugtracker_url = https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Red%20Hat%20Enterprise%20Linux%206&component=yumcache = 0[]

6.3.5. Yum //

[repository] Yum yum-config-manager //

Red Hat Network /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo RedHat Red Hat Network Red Hat 5

name=$osname $releasever

98

Yum [repository] /etc/yum.conf /etc/yum.repos.d/ .repo yum .repo /etc/yum.conf

Red Hat Network

Yum .repo root :

yum-config-manager --add-repo repository_url

repository_url .repo http://www.example.com/example.repo :

~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repoLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manageradding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repograbbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repoexample.repo | 413 B 00:00repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo

Yum root :

yum-config-manager --enable repository

repository ID ( ID yum repolist all )glob :

yum-config-manager --enable glob_expression

[example][example-debuginfo][example-source]

~]# yum-config-manager --enable example\*Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager============================== repo: example ==============================

6 YUM

99

[example]bandwidth = 0base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6Serverbaseurl = http://www.example.com/repo/6Server/x86_64/cache = 0cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/example[]

yum-config-manager --enable

Yum Yum root :

yum-config-manager --disable repository

repository ID ( ID yum repolist all )yum-config-manager --enable glob :

yum-config-manager --disable glob_expression

yum-config-manager --disable

6.3.6. Yum

Yum

1. root createrepo

yum install createrepo

2. /mnt/local_repo/

3.

createrepo --database /mnt/local_repo

Yum sqlite yum

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 RPM XZ SHA-256 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 createrepo Red HatEnterprise Linux 6 createrepo EPEL (ExtraPackages for Enterprise Linux) python-hashlib SHA-256

100

6.4. YUM

Yum yum Yum :

~]# yum info yumLoaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager[]

Loaded plugins --disableplugins=plugin_name

6.4.1. Yum //

Yum plugins= /etc/yum.conf [main] 1

plugins=0

Yum rhnplugin RHN Classic product-id subscription-manager Content Delivery Network (CDN) Yum

/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/ refresh-packagekit refresh-packagekit.conf :

[main] (Yum /etc/yum.conf ) yum enabled= ()

/etc/yum.conf enabled=0

yum Yum --noplugins

yum 1 Yum --disableplugin=plugin_name presto :

plugins=1

[main]enabled=1

6 YUM

101

~]# yum update --disableplugin=presto

--disableplugin= yum Loaded plugins glob :

~]# yum update --disableplugin=presto,refresh-pack*

6.4.2. Yum

Yum yum-plugin-plugin_name presto yum-presto Yumsecurity :

~]# yum install yum-plugin-security

6.4.3.

Yum

fs-snapshot (yum-plugin-fs-snapshot)

fs-snapshot Yum

root (/) LVM () Btrfs LVM fs-snapshot

1. root 5080 %

root vgdisplay :

vgdisplay volume_group

Free PE / Size

2. root

a. root pvcreate :

pvcreate device

102

b. root vgextend :

vgextend volume_group physical_volume

3. /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fs-snapshot.conf [lvm]

a. enabled 1 :

b. lvcreate_size_args (#) 80 %

6.3 fs-snapshot.conf

4. yum fs-snapshot (Loaded plugins ) fs-snapshot :

fs-snapshot: snapshotting file_system (/dev/volume_group/logical_volume): logical_volume_yum_timestamp

5.

root lvremove :

lvremove /dev/volume_group/logical_volume_yum_timestamp

a. root :

lvconvert --merge /dev/volume_group/logical_volume_yum_timestamp

lvconvert

b. root :

reboot

enabled = 1

lvcreate_size_args = -l 80%ORIGIN

6 YUM

103

Btrfs fs-snapshot

1. yum fs-snapshot (Loaded plugins ) fs-snapshot :

fs-snapshot: snapshotting file_system: file_system/yum_timestamp

2.

Btrfs root :

btrfs subvolume delete file_system/yum_timestamp

:

a. root :

btrfs subvolume list file_system

b. root :

btrfs subvolume set-default id file_system

c. root :

reboot

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Btrfs Btrfs 64-bit x86 Btrfs

BtrfsRed HatEnterprise Linux 6 Storage Administration Guide () yum-fs-snapshot(1) yum-fs-snapshot.conf(5) man

6.3 fs-snapshot.conf

[main] enabled=value /value 1 ()/0 ()

104

https://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Storage_Administration_Guide/

exclude=list list ( /srv /mnt/backup)

[lvm] enabled=value LVM /value 1 ()/0 ()

lvcreate_size_args=value value lvcreate -l -L ( -l 80%ORIGIN)

kabi (kabi-yum-plugins)

kabi Red Hat kernel Application Binary Interface(kABI) enforcing

kabi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/kabi.conf [main] 6.4 kabi.conf

6.4 kabi.conf

enabled=value /value 1 ()/0 ()

whitelists=directory directory kabi kabi-whitelists (/lib/modules/kabi/ )

enforce=value enforcing /value 1 ()/0 () kabi

presto (yum-presto)

presto Yum presto

6 YUM

105

RPM RPM RPM

RPM RPM RPM CPU RPM CPUpresto RPM presto

product-id (subscription-manager)

product-id Content Delivery Network () product-id

protect-packages (yum-plugin-protect-packages)

protect-packages yum 1 1 /etc/sysconfig/protected-packages [2] ()protect-packages

yum --override-protection

refresh-packagekit (PackageKit-yum-plugin)

refresh-packagekit yum PackageKit refresh-packagekit

rhnplugin (yum-rhn-plugin)

rhnplugin RHN Classic RHN Classic /Red HatEnterprise Linux 6 RHN Classic Red Hat Enterprise Linux (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.xRed Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x Satellite 5.x) rhnplugin

rhnplugin(8) man

security (yum-plugin-security)

Yum security yum

:

~]# yum check-update --security

106

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.INFO:rhsm-app.repolib:repos updated: 0Limiting package lists to security relevant onesNeeded 3 of 7 packages, for securityelinks.x86_64 0.12-0.13.el6 rhelkernel.x86_64 2.6.30.8-64.el6 rhelkernel-headers.x86_64 2.6.30.8-64.el6 rhel

yum update --security yum update-minimal --security yum update-minimal --security yum update --security

kernel-2.6.30.8-16

kernel-2.6.30.8-32

kernel-2.6.30.8-64

yum update-minimal --security kernel-2.6.30.8-32 yum update --security kernel-2.6.30.8-64 update-minimal

security yum yum-security(8) man

subscription-manager (subscription-manager)

subscription-manager Red Hat Network Red Hat Network /subscription-manager

5

yum-downloadonly (yum-plugin-downloadonly)

yum-downloadonly Red Hat Network Yum --downloadonly

Yum /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf

~]$ cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/downloadonly.conf[main]enabled=1

6 YUM

107

yum install --downloadonly httpd

~]# yum install httpd --downloadonlyLoaded plugins: downloadonly, product-id, refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin, : subscription-managerUpdating Red Hat repositories.Setting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6_1.2 will be updated---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6_2.1 will be an update--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.15-15.el6_2.1 for package: httpd-2.2.15-15.el6_2.1.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6_1.2 will be updated---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6_2.1 will be an update--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Updating: httpd x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6_2.1 rhel-x86_64-server-6 812 kUpdating for dependencies: httpd-tools x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6_2.1 rhel-x86_64-server-6 70 k

Transaction Summary================================================================================Upgrade 2 Package(s)

Total download size: 882 kIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:(1/2): httpd-2.2.15-15.el6_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 812 kB 00:00 (2/2): httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 70 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 301 kB/s | 882 kB 00:02

exiting because --downloadonly specified

108

--downloadonly RedHat Enterprise Linux /var/cache/yum

--downloadonly --downloaddir

~]# yum install --donwloadonly --downloaddir=/path/to/direcotry httpd

yum-downloadonly yum-utils yumdownloader

6.5.

http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides

Yum wiki Yum Guides

[2] /etc/sysconfig/protected-packages.d/ .list () 1 1 protect-packages

6 YUM

109

http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Guides

7 PACKAGEKITRed Hat PackageKit PackageKit GNOME PackageKit PackageKit PackageKit

7.1.

PackageKit

7.1 PackageKit

Software Update () GNOME gpk-update-viewer (.rpm CPU )

110

7.2

Install Updates ()

PackageKit PackageKit PolicyKit PackageKit

PackageKit kernel

PackageKit PackageKit

7 PACKAGEKIT

111

7.3 PackageKit

7.2. /

GNOME / gpk-application

7.4 PackageKit /

7.2.1. (yum )

PackageKit Yum () Yum / /etc/yum.conf [repository] name= /etc/yum.repos.d/ repository.repo

() / Yum /PolicyKit

112

[repository] enabled= [repository] enabled= PackageKit /

PackageKit yum

PackageKit RPMdebuginfo

Yum

7.2.2.

PackageKit 4 1 /PackageKit () 1 PackageKit

7.5

C -devel

7 PACKAGEKIT

113

7.6

2

GUI () GUI

Fedora Licensing List

Hidesubpackages) Find () () :

-devel

-libs

-libs-devel

-debuginfo

()

114

https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing#SoftwareLicenses

multilib PackageKit AMD64 CPU 64 AMD64 32 x86 CPU (crontabs-1.10-32.1.el6.noarch.rpm noarch ) x86 multilib

7.2.3. ()

2 screen Yum () GNOME

7.7 PackageKit /

PackageKit

screen PackageKit screen PackageKit / GNOME

7 PACKAGEKIT

115

screen screen

screen screen

PackageKit RPM /

7.8 PackageKit /

7.2.4.

PackageKit Yum (Czech Support () )

116

7.9

7.2.5.

PackageKit / gpk-log

Updated packages () Installed packages ()

Updated () Installed () Removed ()

Update System ()

7 PACKAGEKIT

117

7.10

7.3. PACKAGEKIT

Red Hat PackageKit PackageKit packagekitd packagekitd Yum

7.1PackageKit GUI GUIGNOME / GUI GUI

7.1 PackageKit GUI

/

GNOME /

gpk-application

GNOME

gpk-update-viewer

Yum /

/

gpk-repo

/

gpk-log

118

PackageKit gpk-prefs

() GNOME StartupApplications (), Startup Programs ()

gpk-update-icon

packagekitd

packagekitd [3] DBus Yum Python API Red Hat Fedora Linux packagekitd PackageKit Yum Linux

PackageKit GUI 1 ( X Window ) packagekitd

PackageKit gnome-packagekit

PackageKit pkcon

7.4.

PackageKit http://www.packagekit.org/index.html

PackageKit

PackageKit (FAQ) http://www.packagekit.org/pk-faq.html

PackageKit

PackageKit http://www.packagekit.org/pk-matrix.html

PackageKit

[3] ( initscripts ) service chkconfig on chkconfig off

7 PACKAGEKIT

119

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