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別 冊

Supplement

移転価格税制の適用に当たっての参考事例集

Reference Case Studies on the Application of

Transfer Pricing Taxation

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【留意事項】

Points to Note

本事例集は、移転価格事務運営要領(事務運営指針)の適用上のポイントを示す観点か

ら、一定の前提条件を置いた事例の下での移転価格税制上の取扱いを取りまとめたもので

ある。

This supplement describes the treatment, for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation,

of a number of cases under certain preconditions, with a view to illustrating the key

points to take into consideration when applying the Commissioner's Directive on the

Operation of Transfer Pricing (Administrative Guidelines).

事例については、第一章においては、独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に関する事例、

第二章においては、独立企業間価格の算定方法の適用等に係る留意事項に関する事例、第

三章においては、事前確認事例を取り上げている。

The cases are grouped into three Chapters: Chapter 1 introduces cases concerning the

selection of transfer pricing methodologies to determine arm's length prices; Chapter 2

shows cases to illustrate points to note when applying those methodologies; and

Chapter 3 provides examples of advance pricing arrangements.

なお、各事例は、移転価格事務運営要領の適用上のポイントを示すため、これまでの移

転価格課税事例や事前確認事例を参考にしつつ、一定の前提条件を置いた設例であること

から、本事例集で取り上げた事例以外の事例があることはもとより、類似の事例であって

も、前提条件が異なることにより移転価格税制上の取扱いは異なり得る。

Drawing on past cases of transfer pricing taxation and advance pricing arrangements

(APAs), these cases are chosen based on certain preconditions in order to focus on the

points that are important when applying the Commissioner's Directive on the

Operation of Transfer Pricing. Needless to say, there are other cases which, though

similar, are based on different preconditions, and different treatment is required for

them for the purposes of transfer pricing taxation.

したがって、実際の移転価格調査又は事前確認審査に当たっては、本事例集の内容を参

考としつつ、移転価格事務運営要領1-2(基本方針)、2-1(調査の方針)、5-1(事前確認

の方針)等の規定に基づき、個々の事案ごとに国外関連取引の実態を的確に把握すること

により、移転価格税制上の問題の有無を判断し、最も適切な独立企業間価格の算定方法を

選定してその的確な適用を図ることに留意する。

When conducting transfer pricing examinations and APA reviews, therefore,

attention should be paid to the following: 1) Determining whether a particular case

presents any problems from the point of view of transfer pricing taxation. 2) Selecting

and applying the most appropriate transfer pricing methodologies to determine arm's

length prices by correctly ascertaining the particular circumstances of the transactions

with a foreign affiliate in each individual case, based on the provisions of 1-2 (Basic

Policy), 2-1 (Examination Policy), 5-1 (APA Policy) and other relevant provisions of the

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Commissioner's Directive on the Operation of Transfer Pricing. 3) Consulting the other

cases contained in this supplement as well.

【定義】

Definitions

本事例集における次の用語の意義は、移転価格事務運営要領 1‐1(定義)で定めるほか、

次のとおりである。

The terms used in this supplement are defined as prescribed in 1-1 (Definition of

Terms) of the Commissioner's Directive on the Operation of Transfer Pricing, and

additionally as prescribed below:

1 事務運営指針 平成 13 年 6 月 1 日付査調 7‐1 ほか 3 課共同「移転価格事務運営要領

の制定について」(事務運営指針)をいう。

1. Administrative Guidelines: The "Commissioner's Directive on the Operation of

Transfer Pricing (Administrative Guidelines)" issued on June 1, 2001 [Document ID:

Large Enterprise Examination Division 7-1, etc.]

2 独立価格比準法 措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号イに掲げる方法をいう。

2. CUP method: The comparable uncontrolled price method prescribed in Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (i), (a) of the ASMT

3 再販売価格基準法 措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号ロに掲げる方法をいう。

3. RP method: The resale price method prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i),

(b) of the ASMT

4 原価基準法 措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号ハに掲げる方法をいう。

4. CP method: The cost plus method prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i),

(c) of the ASMT

5 基本三法 独立価格比準法、再販売価格基準法及び原価基準法をいう。

5. Traditional transaction methods: the CUP method, RP method, and CP method

6 基本三法に準ずる方法 措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号ニに掲げる方法(その他政令

で定める方法を除く。)をいう。

6. Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods: The methods

prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of the ASMT (excluding other

methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT)

7 基本三法と同等の方法 措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号イに掲げる方法をいう。

7. Methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods: The methods prescribed

in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii), (a) of the ASMT

8 内部比較対象取引 比較対象取引であって、法人又は国外関連者と非関連者との間で行

われるものをいう。

8. Internal comparable transaction: A comparable transaction between a corporation or

foreign affiliate and non-affiliate

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9 外部比較対象取引 比較対象取引であって、非関連者と他の非関連者との間で行われる

ものをいう。

9. External comparable transaction: A comparable transaction between a non-affiliate

and another non-affiliate

10 寄与度利益分割法 措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐1 に規定する利益分割法のうち、比較利

益分割法及び残余利益分割法以外の方法をいう。

10. Contribution PS method: Methods among the PS methods prescribed in ASMT

Directive 66-4(4)-1 other than the comparable PS method and the residual PS method

11 基本的利益 措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐5 に規定する「分割対象利益のうち重要な無形

資産を有しない非関連者間取引において通常得られる利益に相当する金額」をいう。

11. Basic profit: The "amount of profit ordinarily derived from uncontrolled transactions

among non-affiliates who do not possess substantial intangible property, out of the

profit to be split" prescribed in ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5

12 残余利益 措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐5 に規定する「当該配分した金額の残額」をいう。

12. Residual profit: The "remainder of the apportioned amount" prescribed in ASMT

Directive 66-4(4)-5.

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目 次

Table of Contents

第一章 独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に関する事例

Chapter 1. Cases concerning the selection of transfer pricing methodologies to

determine the arm's length price

事例1 独立価格比準法を用いる場合

Case 1 Use of the comparable uncontrolled price method

事例2 再販売価格基準法を用いる場合

Case 2 Use of the resale price method

事例3 原価基準法を用いる場合

Case 3 Use of the cost plus method

事例4 独立価格比準法に準ずる方法を用いる場合

Case 4 Use of methods consistent with the comparable uncontrolled price method

事例5 原価基準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を用いる場合

Case 5 Use of methods equivalent to methods consistent with the cost plus method

事例6 取引単位営業利益法を用いる場合

Case 6 Use of the transactional net margin method

事例7 寄与度利益分割法を用いる場合

Case 7 Use of the contribution profit split method

事例8 残余利益分割法を用いる場合

Case 8 Use of the residual profit split method

事例9 差異の調整

Case 9 Adjustment for differences

第二章 独立企業間価格の算定方法の適用等に係る留意事項に関する事例

Chapter 2. Cases illustrating points to note concerning the application of transfer

pricing methodologies to determine the arm's length price

(1) 無形資産の取扱いに関する事例

(1) Cases illustrating treatment of intangible property

事例10 研究開発及びマーケティング活動により形成された無形資産

Case 10 Intangible property created by R&D and marketing activities·

事例11 販売網及び品質管理ノウハウに関する無形資産

Case 11 Intangible property related to distribution channels and quality control

know-how

事例12 従業員等の事業活動を通じて企業に蓄積されたノウハウ等の無形資産

Case 12 Intangible property such as know-how accumulated by enterprises through

employees' business activities

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事例13 無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献

Case 13 Contributions to the creation, maintenance, and development of intangible

property

事例14 無形資産の形成費用のみ負担している場合の取扱い

Case 14 Treatment in cases where a corporation bears only the costs of creating

intangible property

事例15 出向者が使用する法人の無形資産

Case 15 Intangible property of a corporation used by workers on loan

(2) 利益分割法の適用に当たり共通的な留意事項に関する事例

(2) Cases illustrating general points to note when applying the profit split method

事例16 連鎖取引における利益分割法の適用範囲

Case 16 Scope of applying the profit split method to chain transactions

事例17 利益分割法の適用範囲から除くことのできる取引

Case 17 Transactions that may be excluded from the scope of application of the profit

split method

事例18 分割対象利益の算出

Case 18 Calculation of profit to be split

(3) 残余利益分割法の適用に当たっての留意事項に関する事例

(3) Cases illustrating points to note when applying the residual profit split method

事例19 人件費較差による利益の取扱い

Case 19 Treatment of profit due to differences in labor costs

事例20 市場特性、市況変動等による利益の取扱い

Case 20 Treatment of profit affected by market features and market fluctuations

事例21 基本的利益の計算

Case 21 Calculation of basic profit

事例22 残余利益の分割要因

Case 22 Factors for splitting residual profit

(4) その他の事例

(4) Other cases

事例23 企業グループ内役務提供

Case 23 Intra-group services

事例24 複数年度の考慮

Case 24 Consideration of plural years

事例25 国外関連者に対する寄附金

Case 25 Contribution paid to a foreign affiliate

事例26 価格調整金等の取扱い

Case 26 Treatment of money for price adjustment

第三章 事前確認事例

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Chapter 3. Cases involving advance pricing arrangements

事例27 目標利益率に一定の範囲を設定する事例

Case 27 Establishment of a given range for target profit margin

事例28 重要な前提条件

Case 28 Critical preconditions

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第一章 独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に関する事例

Chapter 1: Cases concerning the selection of transfer pricing methodologies to

determine the arm's length price

【事例1】(独立価格比準法を用いる場合)

Case 1: Use of the comparable uncontrolled price method

《ポイント》

基本三法の適用の可否を検討した結果、独立価格比準法の適用が妥当と認められる事例。

Key point

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, the CUP method is found to be applicable.

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《前提条件》

Preconditions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品A及び製品Bの販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社で

あるX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a distributor of product A and product B, and 10 years

previously, it established company S in country X as a subsidiary, to sell product A.

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(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社はこれをX国内の第三者の小売店約200社に販

売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, which then sells it to approximately 200

third-party retailers in country X.

P社は、S社の設立と同時期から、X国の第三者の代理店T社に製品Bを販売しており、

T社はこれをX国内の小売店に販売している。

Company P has sold product B to third-party agent T in country X since company S's

establishment, and company T then sells the product to retailers in country X.

製品Bは、製品AとP社内における製品区分(型番)は異なるが、性状、構造、機能等の

面で同様の製品である。

At company P, product B is classified as a different product (i.e. has a different model

number) from product A, but the two are similar in terms of properties, construction,

functions, and so forth.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社が行うS社への製品Aの販売取引とT社への製品Bの販売取引(以下「両取引」と

いう。)においてP社が果たしている機能は、製品A及び製品Bを仕入れ、これをS社及

びT社に販売するというものであるが、独自性のある活動は見られず、機能に差はない。

The function performed by company P in the sale of product A to company S and the

sale of product B to company T (hereinafter referred to as the "two transactions") is that

of purchase of inventories of product A and product B, and the sale of these inventories

to company S and company T. Company P engages in no original activities, and there

are no differences between the two transactions in function.

また、いずれにおいても商標等は使用されていない。

In neither case are trademarks or other such properties used.

(製品Aと製品Bの販売取引に係る契約条件等)

(Terms of contract for the sale of product A and product B)

両取引については、取引段階は同じであり、取引数量も概ね同様である。

The two transactions are in the same phase of the transactional chain (e.g., retail or

wholesale), and substantially the same in volume.

また、両取引の契約条件(引渡条件、決済条件、製品保証、返品条件等)は、取引価格を

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除き同様である。

The terms of the contracts for the two transactions (e.g., delivery terms, payment terms,

product warranties, and the conditions for returns) are also, with the exception of the

transaction price, the same.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the transfer pricing methodologies to determine the arm's length price

(hereinafter referred to as "TPM") under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2),

item (i) of the ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with

ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-1, 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the

following findings:

・製品Aと製品Bは、P社内の製品区分が異なるだけで、性状、構造、機能等の面で同種

の製品と認められる。

・ Product A and product B are found to be the same type of product in terms of

properties, construction, functions and so forth, despite being classified into different

product categories at company P.

・S社及びT社はいずれもX国の小売店に対して製品を販売する卸売業者であり、両取引

に取引段階の差異はないと認められる。

・ Both company S and company T are wholesale traders selling products to retailers in

country X, and there is found to be no difference in the phase of the transactional chain

between the two transactions.

・両取引において、取引数量は概ね同様であり、また、契約条件も同様であり、取引数量

及び契約条件の差異はないと認められる。

・ The two transactions are substantially the same in volume and also the same as

regards the terms and conditions of contracts, and no differences are found in the

volumes and contract terms and conditions of the transactions.

・P社において、製品A及び製品Bによる事業戦略の相違は認められない。

・ No differences are found in company P's business strategies toward product A and

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product B.

・両取引において、P社が果たす機能等に差異は認められず、無形資産も使用されていな

い。

・ No differences are found in the role and functions of company P in the two

transactions, and no use is made of intangible property.

・S社もT社もX国所在の法人であることから、市場の状況は同様であり、製品A及び製

品Bに係る政府規制はない。

・ As both company S and company T are corporations located in country X, the market

conditions are the same, and there are no government regulations on either product A or

product B.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

本事例では、上記の検討結果から、P社からS社への製品Aの棚卸資産の販売取引に対

して、P社からT社への製品Bの販売取引を比較対象取引として、基本三法のうち、独立

価格比準法(措置法第66条の4第2項第1号イ)を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥

当と認められる。

Of the traditional transaction methods, it is consequently found to be appropriate in

this case to calculate the arm's length price by applying the CUP method (Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (i), (a) of the ASMT) to the sale of inventories of product A by

company P to company S, and treating the sale of product B by company P to company T

as the comparable transaction.

《解説》

Explanation

1 独立企業間価格の算定のためには、個別の事実に即して法の定める要件に適合する合

理的な方法を選択する必要がある。

1. In order to calculate the arm's length price, it is necessary to select a reasonable

method that is in keeping with the particular facts and is in compliance with the

requirements laid down by law.

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、まず、基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法

を含む。以下本事例の解説において同じ。)の適用の可否を検討する必要がある。

When selecting the TPM, it is first necessary to consider the applicability of the

traditional transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction method; the same should apply below in the "Explanation" of this case).

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基本三法適用の可否判断は個別の事実に即して行う必要があるが、一般的には、内部比較

対象取引又は外部比較対象取引の有無について、①法人又は国外関連者の取引資料等の内

部情報のほか、②有価証券報告書等の企業情報等、③企業の財務情報等が収録されたデー

タベース及び④業界団体情報などの外部情報等(②~④を以下の事例において「公開情報」

という。)を基に検討することとなる。

While any judgment as to the applicability of the traditional transaction methods

must conform to the particular facts, the presence of internal comparable transactions

or external comparable transactions is generally considered on the basis of (i) internal

information, such as materials concerning transactions conducted by the corporation or

the foreign affiliate, together with (ii) corporate information, such as securities reports,

(iii) database information such as financial data on enterprises, and (iv) external

information, such as information from industry associations (information falling under

(ii) through (iv) is hereinafter referred to as "publicly available information" in this and

the following cases).

独立企業間価格の算定において比較対象取引として採用するためには、国外関連取引の

種類ごとに、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1(比較対象取引の意義)、同 66 の 4(6)‐2(有形資

産の貸借の取扱い)、同 66 の 4(6)‐4(金銭の貸付け又は借入れの取扱い)、同 66 の 4(6)

‐5(役務提供の取扱い)又は同 66 の 4(6)‐6(無形資産の使用許諾等の取扱い)に基づい

て検討する必要があり、さらに、比較対象取引に該当するか否かについては、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3(比較対象取引の選定に当たって検討すべき諸要素)に例示されている諸要素に関して、

非関連者間取引との類似性について十分検討し、判断することになる。

In order to be employed as comparable transactions for calculating the arm's length

price, every type of transaction with a foreign affiliate needs to be examined in

accordance with ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-1 (Significance of Comparable Transactions),

66-4(6)-2 (Treatment of Debits and Credits of Tangible Assets), 66-4(6)-4 (Treatment of

Monetary Lending or Borrowing), 66-4(6)-5 (Treatment of Provision of Services), and

66-4(6)-6 (Treatment of Licensing of Intangible Property). With regard to whether they

qualify as comparable transactions, a judgment should be made by thoroughly

examining the similarity of the factors listed in ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-3 (Factors to

Consider When Selecting Comparable Transactions) to those of uncontrolled

transactions.

なお、国外関連取引に無形資産が関係している場合には、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐3 の(8)

に掲げる要素(売手又は買手の使用する無形資産)に特に着目して比較可能性の検討を行

う必要がある。この場合において、比較対象取引の選定に当たり、無形資産の種類、対象

範囲、利用態様等の類似性に係る検討を行うことに留意する(事務運営指針 3‐2)。

When transactions with a foreign affiliate involve intangible property, the

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comparability should be considered focusing, in particular, on the factors listed in ASMT

Directive 66-4(2)-3-(8) (Intangible Property Used by Sellers or Buyers). In such cases, it

should be noted that the similarity of intangible property in terms of type, scope, mode

of use and so forth should be considered when selecting comparable transactions

(Administrative Guidelines 3-2).

2 基本三法の適用を検討する場合、法人又は国外関連者が行う内部比較対象取引につい

ては、取引に関する情報を法人又は国外関連者が有していることから、上記1の比較対象

取引に該当するかどうかの判断は比較的容易な場合が多いと考えられる。

2. When considering the application of the traditional transaction methods, it is often

comparatively simple to determine whether internal comparable transactions

conducted by a corporation or a foreign affiliate qualify as comparable transactions as

described in 1 above, as the corporation or the foreign affiliate has information on these

transactions.

これに対して、法人及び国外関連者以外の第三者間で行われる外部比較対象取引につい

ては、公開情報だけでは当該判断に十分な情報が得られない場合もある。

In contrast, however, there are also cases where information sufficient for making

such a judgment cannot be obtained by using only publicly available information, with

regard to external comparable transactions conducted between third parties other than

a corporation and foreign affiliates.

例えば、比較対象取引の売上総利益に係る利益率を用いる再販売価格基準法及び原価基

準法については、国外関連者が国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の買手である場合の再販売価

格基準法の適用及び国外関連者が国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の売手である場合の原価基

準法の適用に当たり、各国の企業財務情報の開示制度の違い等により比較対象取引候補に

関する十分な情報が得られないことが多い。

In the case of the RP method and the CP method, for instance, which use the profit

margin calculated from the gross profit on sales of comparable transactions, it is often

not possible to obtain sufficient information concerning transactions found to be

comparable with the transactions with a foreign affiliate. This is partly due to

differences in the systems for disclosure of corporate financial data by country, in order

to apply the RP method when the foreign affiliate is the buyer of inventory assets in the

transactions with that foreign affiliate, and in order to apply the CP method when the

foreign affiliate is the seller of inventory assets in the transactions with that foreign

affiliate.

また、公開情報に基づき企業単位の財務情報から比較可能性の検討に必要な情報を得よう

としても、企業が複数の事業セグメントを有する場合には、特定の事業セグメントの財務

情報を全体から抽出しなければならず、必要な情報が得られない場合もある。

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Even if the information required for examining comparability is sought from financial

data at the level of individual enterprises on the basis of publicly available information,

such information may not be available in cases where an enterprise does business in a

number of segments, unless financial data on a specific segment is extracted from the

overall data.

このように、基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引に該当するか判断するために必要

な情報が得られない場合には、基本三法を適用することができないことから、措置法第 66

条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号ニに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法その他政令で定める方法(又はこ

れらの方法と同等の方法。同項第 2 号ロ)の適用を検討することとなる(基本三法に準ず

る方法については下記3及び4参照。政令で定める方法については、【事例6】(取引単

位営業利益法)、【事例7】(寄与度利益分割法)、【事例8】(残余利益分割法)参照)。

As it is thus not possible to apply the traditional transaction methods in cases where

the information which is necessary to determine whether transactions qualify as

comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction methods is

unobtainable, the applicability of the following methods is considered: Methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of the ASMT and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet

Order of the ASMT (or methods equivalent to such methods under item (ii), (b) of the

same paragraph). Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction

methods, see 3 and 4 below. Regarding methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the

ASMT, see Case 6 (TNMM), Case 7 (contribution PS method), and Case 8 (residual PS

method).

なお、基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引を公開情報から選定できず、基本三法以

外の算定方法により独立企業間価格を算定する場合であっても、公開情報の範囲内で、一

定程度の比較可能性が満たされている取引を把握できるときは、必要に応じそれらの取引

を使用して当該算定結果の妥当性を検証することが望ましい。

Even where no comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction

methods can be selected given the scope of the publicly available information, and the

arm's length price is calculated by a method other than the traditional transaction

methods, it is advisable, when it is possible to identify transactions that can be

confirmed as having a certain degree of comparability according to the publicly

available information, to verify the validity of the results of these calculations by using

these transactions as necessary.

3 基本三法が適用できない場合に、法令上、基本三法それぞれに準ずる方法が定められ

ており、この基本三法に準ずる方法は基本三法の考え方から乖離しない限りにおいて、取

引内容に適合した合理的な方法を採用する途を残したものと解されている。

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3. Legal provisions have been made for methods consistent with each of the traditional

transaction methods in cases where the traditional transaction methods cannot be

applied. These methods are considered to leave the way open to employing reasonable

methods suited to the content of transactions provided that they do not diverge from the

concept behind the traditional transaction methods.

法令の規定に従って基本三法を適用した場合には比較対象取引を見いだすことが困難な

国外関連取引について、その様々な取引形態に着目し、合理的な類似の算定方法とするこ

とで比較対象取引を選定できる場合、あるいは、合理的な取引を比較対象取引とすること

で独立企業間価格を算定できる場合があり、基本三法よりも比較対象取引の選定の範囲を

広げ得ることから、基本三法に準ずる方法を適用する可能性も念頭におき、比較可能性の

検討を行う必要がある。

In the case of transactions with a foreign affiliate for which no comparable

transactions can easily be found when applying the traditional transaction methods as

prescribed by law, there are instances in which it is possible to select comparable

transactions by using reasonable similar methods of calculation focusing on the various

forms of these transactions, or in which the arm's length price can be calculated by

adopting reasonable transactions as comparable transactions. As these methods allow a

wider choice of comparable transactions than the traditional transaction methods,

comparability therefore needs to be considered, bearing in mind the possibility of

applying the methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods.

(参考1)基本三法に準ずる方法の例

(Reference 1) Examples of methods that are consistent with the traditional transaction

methods

(1) 国外関連取引と比較可能な実在の非関連者間取引が見いだせない場合において、商品

取引所相場など市場価格等の客観的かつ現実的な指標に基づき独立企業間価格を算定する

方法

(1) In cases where no actual uncontrolled transactions comparable with transactions

with a foreign affiliate can be found: The calculation of the arm's length price based on

objective and practical indicators, such as commodities exchange prices or other market

prices.

(2) 国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の買手が、関連者を通じて非関連者に当該棚卸資産を販

売した場合において、まず非関連者に販売した当該棚卸資産の価格から再販売価格基準法

(【事例2】参照)を適用する場合の通常の利潤の額を控除して当該買手から当該関連者

への販売価格を算定し、これに基づき、国外関連取引に係る独立企業間価格を算定する方

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(2) In cases where the buyer of inventory assets in a transaction with a foreign affiliate

sells the inventory assets to a non-affiliate via an affiliate: The calculation firstly of the

selling price from the buyer to the affiliate after deduction of normal profit when

applying the RP method (See Case 2) based on the price of the inventory assets sold to

the non-affiliate, and then calculating the arm's length price for the transaction with a

foreign affiliate on this basis.

(3) 国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の買手が当該棚卸資産を用いて製品等の製造をし、これ

を非関連者に販売した場合において、当該製品等のその非関連者に対する販売価格から再

販売価格基準法を適用する場合の通常の利潤の額のほかに、例えば、当該製品等に係る製

造原価(当該国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の対価の額を除く。)や当該製品等の製造機能

に見合う利潤の額を控除して独立企業間価格を算定する方法

(3) In cases where the buyer of inventory assets in a transaction with a foreign affiliate

manufactures a product or other goods using the inventory assets and sells them to a

non-affiliate: The calculation of the arm's length price after deducting the cost of

manufacture of such products (excluding the amount of consideration for inventory

assets in the transaction with the foreign affiliate) and profit commensurate with the

manufacturing functions of the products, in addition to the normal profit in the case of

applying the RP method from the selling price of the products sold to the non-affiliate.

(4) 他社から購入した製品と自社製品をセットにして国外関連者に販売した場合において、

例えば、独立価格比準法(【事例1】参照)と原価基準法(【事例3】参照)を併用して

独立企業間価格を算定する方法

(4) In cases where a company's own products are sold to a foreign affiliate as a set,

together with products purchased from another company: The calculation of the arm's

length price through parallel use of the CUP method (see Case 1) or the CP method (see

Case 3).

(5) 措置法通達 66の 4(2)‐3に規定する諸要素に照らしてその類似性の程度が同等に高い

と認められる複数の比較対象取引がある場合において、それらの取引に係る価格又は利益

率等の平均値を用いて独立企業間価格を算定する方法

(5) In cases where there are plural comparable transactions found to be equivalently

similar in light of the factors prescribed in ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-3: The calculation of

the arm's length price using the average values of the price, profit margin, or a similar

indicator in these transactions.

(注)類似性の程度が同等に高いと認められる複数の比較対象取引がある場合の独立企業

間価格の算定に当たって、それらの取引に係る価格又は利益率等の平均値を用いることが

できる(事務運営指針 3‐3)。

(Note) When calculating the arm's length price in the case of plural comparable

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transactions found to be equivalently similar, it is possible to use the average price or

profit margin, etc. of such transactions (Administrative Guidelines 3-3).

(参考2)独立企業間価格の算定方法

(Reference 2) TPM

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4 なお、基本三法に準ずる方法は、基本三法において比較対象取引として求められる比

較可能性の要件(措置法通達 66 の 4(2)-3 に規定する諸要素の類似性)まで緩めることを認

めるものでなく、当該要件を満たしていない取引については、基本三法に準ずる方法にお

いても比較対象取引として用いることができないことに留意する必要がある。

4. It should be noted that in the case of methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods, there is no relaxation of the requirements for comparability

required of comparable transactions when applying the traditional transaction methods

(regarding the similarity of the factors prescribed in ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-3), and

that transactions that do not meet these requirements cannot be used as comparable

transactions when applying methods consistent with the traditional transaction

Methods equivalent to other methods prescribed in

the Cabinet Order of the ASMT

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methods either.

5 多様な要因により決定される取引価格の妥当性を問題とする移転価格税制の適正・円

滑な運用のためには、検討対象とする取引価格の決定根拠や他の通常の取引価格について

の情報、取引の相手方である国外関連者の果たす機能等に関する情報の入手が重要となる

ため、次の点について納税者に注意を喚起する必要がある(本事例以下の全ての事例にお

いても同様)。

5. Owing to the importance of acquiring information concerning the grounds for

determining the transaction prices to be considered and other ordinary transaction

prices, together with information on other matters including the functions performed by

the foreign affiliate that is the counterparty to the transactions, it is necessary to draw

the taxpayer's attention to the following points listed below. This is in order to ensure

the smooth and proper enforcement of transfer pricing taxation, since it is concerned

with the validity of the transaction price determined by a diversity of factors. (This

applies to all the following cases as well.)

・納税者が、独立企業間価格の算定に当たり自ら選択した独立企業間価格の算定に必要な

帳簿書類等を税務当局の求めに応じて遅滞なく提示又は提出しなければ、推定課税等の適

用要件に該当することとなる(措置法第 66 条の 4 第 7 項・第 9 項)。

・ Unless the taxpayer, at the request of the tax authority, promptly present or submit

the account books and other documents required to calculate the arm's length price that

they have selected when calculating the arm's length price, their cases will meet the

conditions for applying presumptive taxation (Article 66-4, paragraph (7) and

paragraph (9) of the ASMT).

・納税者は、移転価格調査において、税務当局の求めに応じて独立企業間価格の算定に必

要な国外関連者の保存する帳簿書類等の入手に努める必要があり(同条第 8 項)、税務当

局から求められた資料の内容が独立企業間価格の算定に必要な資料であって、税務当局の

求めに応じて遅滞なく提示又は提出されなければ、推定課税等の適用要件に該当するもの

と解されている。

・ Taxpayers should endeavor to acquire the account books and other documents kept by

foreign affiliates as required by the tax authority to calculate the arm's length price in

transfer pricing examinations (paragraph (8) of the same Article), and unless, at the

request of the tax authority, they promptly present or submit the requested materials

that are required to calculate the arm's length price, the conditions for applying

presumptive taxation will be considered to have been met.

他方、納税者の確定申告の基礎となった事務運営指針 2-4 に掲げる書類等の検査に当たっ

ては、必要な資料の提出等を求める場合、納税者が採用した独立企業間価格の算定方法に

よる算定結果が独立企業間価格と認められない場合等において、納税者に対し、その理由

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や調査の結果に基づき納税者が採用した方法に代えて適用する独立企業間価格の算定方法

の内容等について十分説明し、納税者の理解を得ていくことに努めることに配意する必要

がある。

When inspecting the documents and other materials set forth in Administrative

Guidelines 2-4 that form the basis for a final return by a taxpayer and the submission of

necessary materials is requested, if the results produced by the TPM employed by the

taxpayer are not found to be the arm's length price, care should be taken to fully explain

to the taxpayer the reasons therefor and the details of another TPM to be used instead,

based on the examination findings, and to gain the taxpayer's understanding.

6 なお、基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引の有無については、通常可能な範囲に

おいて通常の情報入手のための努力を行って検討を行う必要がある。

6. Regarding whether comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction

methods exist, an effort should be made to acquire regular information to the extent

that it is normally available and to take this information into consideration.

基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引の選定に当たっては、必要な情報の収集におい

て公開情報がない、国外の情報であるなどの一定の制約があることにも留意して、例えば

次の図のような手順により検討を行う必要がある。

When selecting comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction

methods, it is necessary to note that there are certain constraints on the compiling of

necessary information, such as the lack of publicly available information and the

location of information overseas. Therefore, the consideration and selection of

comparable transactions should follow the steps outlined in the following diagram:

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【事例2】(再販売価格基準法を用いる場合)

Case 2: Use of the resale price method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法の適用の可否を検討した結果、再販売価格基準法の適用が妥当と認められる事

例。

This is a case in which after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, the RP method is found to be applicable.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人S社は、製品Aを日本国内で販売する法人である。S社の親会社であるX国法

人P社は、X国において製品Aの製造販売を行っている。

Japanese company S is a distributor of product A in Japan. Company P in country X,

which is company S's parent company, manufactures and sells product A in country X.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

S社は、P社の輸入総代理店として製品Aを輸入し、これを日本国内の第三者の代理店

10数社に販売している。

Company S, as company P's exclusive selling agent, imports product A and sells it to a

dozen or so third-party agents in Japan.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動は行っておらず、販売に当たり自社の商

標等を使用することもない。

Company S does not engage in unique or original advertising or sales promotion

activities, and makes no use of its own trademarks or other such properties in its sales

activities.

(日本市場の状況等)

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(Japanese market conditions)

日本市場には製品Aと競合する製品を取り扱う外国メーカー10数社が参入しているが、

これら外国メーカーの日本における輸入総代理店のうち、5社については有価証券報告書

の閲覧が可能であり、各社のホームページや市場調査会社の分析資料等のその他の資料も

入手可能である。

A dozen or so foreign manufacturers making products that compete with product A

have entered the Japanese market. Five of the exclusive sales agents for these foreign

manufacturers file securities reports that are openly accessible, and other information

is also available, including information from the companies' websites and analyses

published by market research companies.

これらの資料を検討したところ、T社については、第三者である外国メーカーから輸入し

た製品を日本国内の第三者の代理店に販売する再販売業者であり、それ以外の事業は行っ

ていないことが判明した。

Following examinations of these materials, it is found that company T is a reseller of

products imported from a third-party foreign manufacturer to third-party agents in

Japan, and that it does not engage in any other business.

T社の取扱製品Bは製品Aと性状、構造及び機能において類似性が高く、T社は売上規模

や取引段階、販売機能(広告宣伝、販売促進、アフターサービス、包装、配達等)の面で

もS社と概ね同様であると認められた。

Product B, which is sold by company T, bears a strong similarity to product A in terms

of its properties, construction, and functions, and it is also found that company T is

largely the same as company S in terms of volume of sales, phase of transactional chain,

and sales functions (e.g., advertising, sales promotions, after-sales service, packing, and

delivery).

またT社は販売に当たり自社の商標等を使用していない。

Company T is also found not to use its own trademarks or other such properties in its

sales activities.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

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As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1, 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・S社は、購入した製品Aを第三者に再販売していることから、基本三法のうち、再販売

価格基準法の適用が考えられる。

・ As company S resells to third parties the product A that it purchases, it is considered

that, among the traditional transaction methods, the RP method may be applicable.

また、T社に関する公開情報から再販売価格基準法を適用する上で必要な財務情報を入手

することができる。

It is also found that the financial data required to apply the RP method is obtainable

from publicly-available information on company T.

・T社が第三者から輸入して日本国内の代理店に販売する製品Bについては、製品Aとの

類似性が高いほか、T社の再販売業者としての機能等、取引規模及び市場の状況等につい

てもS社と概ね同様と認められる。

・ Product B, which is imported from a third party and sold to agents in Japan by

company T, bears a strong similarity to product A. Company T is also found to be

generally similar to company S in terms of its function as a reseller, the scale of its

transactions, market conditions, and so forth.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

本事例では、上記の検討結果から、S社がP社から製品Aを輸入する取引に対して、T

社が国外の第三者から類似の製品Bを輸入する取引を比較対象取引とすることができると

認められるため、基本三法のうち、国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の買手であるS社を対象

とする再販売価格基準法(措置法第66条の4第2項第1号ロ)を適用し独立企業間価格を算定

することが妥当と認められる。

It is found that the import of similar product B from a foreign third-party by company

T can be used as the comparable transaction for the import of product A by company S

from company P. On the basis of this situation, it is found that among the traditional

transaction methods, it is appropriate to apply the RP method (Article 66-4, paragraph

(2), item (i), (b) of the ASMT) to company S, as the buyer of the inventory assets in the

transactions with its foreign affiliate, in order to calculate the arm's length price.

《解説》

Explanation

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基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取引

に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

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【事例3】(原価基準法を用いる場合)

Case 3: Use of the cost plus method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法の適用の可否を検討した結果、原価基準法の適用が妥当と認められる事例。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, the CP method is found to be applicable.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品A及び製品Bの販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社で

あるX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a distributor of product A and product B, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は製品AをS社に販売し、S社はこれをX国内の第三者の小売店約200社に販売して

いる。

Company P sells product A to company S, which then sells it to around 200

third-party retailers in country X.

また、P社はS社の設立に併せ、X国の第三者である代理店T社に製品Bの販売を行っ

ており、T社はこれをX国内の小売店に販売している。製品Bは、製品Aと多尐規格が異

なるが、性状、構造、機能等の面で類似している。

In conjunction with having established company S, company P sells product B to

agent T, which is a third party in country X, and company T sells this to retailers in

country X. Product B differs somewhat from product A in its specifications, but the two

products are similar in terms of their properties, construction, functions, and so forth.

P社からS社に対する製品Aの販売数量と、P社からT社に対する製品Bの販売数量は

概ね同じである。

The volume of product A sold by company P to company S and the volume of product

B sold by company P to company T are about the same.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社が果たしている機能は、製品A及び製品Bを仕入れ、これをS社及びT社に販売す

るというものであるが、独自性のある活動は見られず、商標等も使用されていない。

The function performed by company P is that of purchasing inventories of product A

and product B, which it sells to company S and company T. However, company P does

not appear to engage in original activities, and does not use trademarks or other such

properties.

なお、S社への販売取引とT社への販売取引においてP社が果たしている機能に差はな

い。

There are no differences in the functions performed by company P in the sales

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transactions with company S, and the sales transactions with company T.

(製品Aと製品Bの販売取引に係る契約条件)

(Terms of contract for sales of product A and product B)

P社からS社への製品Aの販売取引と、P社からT社への製品Bの販売取引の契約条件

(引渡条件、決済条件、製品保証、返品条件等)は、取引価格を除き同様である。

The terms and conditions of the contracts for the sale of product A by company P to

company S and product B by company P to company T (e.g., delivery terms, payment

terms, product warranties, and conditions for returns) are, with the exception of the

transaction price, the same.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・製品Aと製品Bは、性状、構造、機能等の面で類似しており、類似の棚卸資産と認めら

れる。

・ Product A and product B have similar properties, construction, functions and so forth,

and are found to be similar inventory assets.

・S社及びT社はいずれもX国の小売店に対して製品を販売する卸売業者であり、P社か

らS社への販売取引とT社への販売取引(以下「両取引」という。)には取引段階の差異

はないと認められる。

・ Company S and company T are both wholesale traders selling products to retailers in

country X, and no difference is found in the phase of the transactional chain regarding

sales to company S and sales to company T by company P (hereinafter referred to as the

"two transactions").

・両取引において、取引数量は概ね同様であり、また、契約条件も同様であり、取引数量

及び契約条件の差異はないと認められる。

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・ The two transactions are substantially the same in volume and also the same in

regards to the terms and conditions of the contracts, and no differences are found in the

volumes and the terms and conditions of the contracts for the transactions.

・P社において、製品A及び製品Bによる事業戦略の相違は認められない。

・ No differences are found in company P's business strategies toward product A and

product B.

・両取引において、P社が果たす機能等に差異は認められず、無形資産も使用されていな

い。

・ No differences are found in the role and functions of company P in the two

transactions, and no use is made of intangible property.

・S社もT社もX国所在の法人であることから、市場の状況は同様であり、製品A及び製

品Bに係る政府規制はない。

・ As both company S and company T are corporations located in country X, the market

conditions are the same, and there are no government regulations on either product A or

product B.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

本事例では、上記の検討結果から、P社からS社への製品Aの棚卸資産の販売取引に対

して、P社からT社への製品Bの販売取引を比較対象取引とすることができると認められ

るため、基本三法のうち、国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産の売手であるP社を対象とする原

価基準法(措置法第66条の4第2項第1号ハ)を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当

と認められる。

It is found that the sale of product B by company P to company T can be used as the

comparable transaction for the sale of inventory assets of product A by company P to

company S. Based on the above, it is found that among the traditional transaction

methods, it is appropriate to apply the CP method (Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i),

(c) of the ASMT) to company P, as the seller of inventory assets involved in the

transaction with a foreign affiliate, to calculate the arm's length price.

《解説》

Explanation

基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取引

に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

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transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

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【事例4】(独立価格比準法に準ずる方法を用いる場合)

Case 4: Use of methods consistent with the comparable uncontrolled price method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法(又は基本三法と同等の方法)の適用の可否を検討した結果、基本三法(又は

基本三法と同等の方法)は適用できないが、独立価格比準法に準ずる方法(又は独立価格

比準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法)の適用が妥当と認められる事例(前提条件1は棚卸資

産の売買取引の場合、前提条件2は金銭の貸借取引の場合)。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (or methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods),

although it is found that the traditional transaction methods (or methods equivalent to

the traditional transaction methods) cannot be applied, a method consistent with the

CUP method (or a method equivalent to a method consistent with the CUP method) is

found to be applicable. ("Precondition 1" illustrates the case of sales transactions of

inventory assets, and "Precondition 2" illustrates the case of loan transactions.)

《前提条件1:棚卸資産の売買取引の場合》

Precondition 1: Sales transactions of inventory assets

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの原材料aの供給子会

社であるX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to supply raw material

"a" for product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

S社は、原材料aをすべてP社に販売し、P社はこれを基に製品Aを製造して日本国内

の第三者の代理店に販売している。

Company S sells its entire output of raw material "a" to company P, and company P

manufactures product A from this for sale to third-party agents in Japan.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社以外からは原材料aの供給を受けていない。

Company P receives no supplies of raw material "a" from any source except company

S.

(市場の状況その他)

(Market conditions and other factors)

製品Aの原材料aは、商品取引所で世界的に取引されており、取引所の相場価格(市場

価格)が存在する。

Raw material "a" for product A is sold worldwide on the commodities exchange

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markets, and it has a quoted market price on these exchanges.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・P社は、S社以外からの原材料aの供給を受けておらず、また、S社も原材料aをすべ

てP社に供給しているため、独立価格比準法を適用する上での内部比較対象取引を見いだ

すことができない。

・ Company P receives no supplies of raw material "a" except from company S, in

addition to which company S supplies its entire output of raw material "a" to company P.

It is therefore not possible to find any internal comparable transactions for applying the

CUP method.

また、公開情報からは、独立価格比準法を適用する上での外部比較対象取引についても見

いだすことができない。

It is also not possible to find any external comparable transactions for applying the

CUP method from publicly available information.

・P社はS社から供給を受けた原材料aを基に製品Aを製造する製造機能を果たしている

ことから、P社を対象とする再販売価格基準法を適用することはできない。

・ As company P performs a manufacturing function in producing product A from raw

material "a" supplied by company S, it is also not possible to apply the RP method to

company P.

・基本三法のうち、S社を対象とする原価基準法の適用が考えられるが、その場合の比較

対象取引はX国における非関連者間取引であり、売上総利益に係る利益率に影響を与える

差異の調整(【事例9】参照)に必要かつ十分な情報が得られないことから、原価基準法

を適用することができない。

・ Of the traditional transaction methods, one possible option would be to apply the CP

method to company S. However, the comparable transactions in this case would be

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uncontrolled transactions in country X. As sufficient information to adjust for

differences in the impact on the profit margin for gross profit on sales (see Case 9)

cannot be obtained, the CP method cannot be applied.

(基本三法に代替する算定方法の選択)

(Selection of a method of calculation to substitute for the traditional transaction

methods)

本事例では、上記の検討結果から、基本三法を適用することができないが、措置法第66

条の4第2項第1号ニに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法の適用を検討したところ、原材料aは

世界的に商品取引所において取引され、市場価格が存在するため、これを基に個別の取引

条件に係る差異(例えば、輸送コストの差異)の調整を加えた上で、独立価格比準法に準

ずる方法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる(措置法第66条の4第

2項第1号ニ)。

Based on the above, in this case it is found that the traditional transaction methods

cannot be applied. After considering the application of methods consistent with the

traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of

the ASMT, however, it is found that worldwide transactions on commodities exchanges

and the existence of a market price for raw material "a" mean that a method consistent

with the CUP method can be applied, after adjusting for differences in the particular

transaction terms and conditions (e.g., transportation costs), for calculating the arm's

length price (Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of the ASMT).

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 国外関連取引と比較可能な非関連者間の取引の存在が認められず、基本三法を適用す

ることができない場合において、市場価格等の客観的かつ現実的な指標(例えば、本事例

における取引所相場)が入手可能なときは、そのような取引を比較対象取引として基本三

法に準ずる方法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することができる(基本三法に準ずる方法

については、【事例1】解説参照。)。

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2. If no transactions exist between non-affiliates that are comparable to the

transactions with a foreign affiliate and the traditional transaction methods cannot be

applied, it is possible to calculate the arm's length price by applying a method consistent

with the traditional transaction methods, where objective and realistic indicators of

variables such as market prices (e.g., the quoted market price in this case) are available,

through the use of these transactions as the comparable transactions. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see the "Explanation" of

Case 1.)

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《前提条件2:金銭の貸借取引の場合》

Precondition 2: Loan transactions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社である。X国法人S社は、製品Aの製造販売を

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行うP社の子会社である。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A. Company S in

country X is a subsidiary of company P that manufactures and sells product A.

P社及びS社の業務内容はいずれも製品Aの製造販売であり、金銭の貸付け等を業として

いない。

Company P and company S both manufacture and sell product A, and do not engage in

activities such as money lending.

なお、S社の業績は好調であり、P社からの支援を必要とするような状況にはない。

Company S is performing well, and is in no need of support from company P.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、7年前にS社の製造ライン増設に必要な設備投資資金について、P社の手持資金

を原資として期間10年、年利3%の条件で、X国通貨建てによりS社に貸付けを行った。

Seven years previously, company P extended a loan to company S denominated in the

currency of country X to fund investment in the expansion of manufacturing capacity.

This loan was funded from company P's funds on hand, and was prescribed a period of

10 years at annual interest of 3%.

(法人及び国外関連者の資金調達実績等)

(Past fund procurement by the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社及びS社とも、金融機関以外の非関連者との間で金銭貸借取引を行ったことはない。

Neither company P nor company S engages in loan transactions with any

non-affiliates apart from financial institutions.

また、S社はこれまでに銀行等からの借入れがなく、S社に係るスプレッド情報を得られ

る見込みはない。

Company S has also never previously borrowed from banks or similar institutions, and

so there is no prospect of being able to obtain spread information on company S.

一方、P社は、過去に主取引銀行であるT銀行から長期借入れを行ったことがあり、P

社がS社に貸付けを行った条件と同様の条件でT銀行から借り入れた場合のスプレッド

(注1)については、0.7%との回答が同行から得られている。

Company P, on the other hand, once took out a long-term loan from bank T, which is

its main bank. Asked about the spread (see Note 1 below) for borrowing under the same

terms and conditions as for company P's loan to company S, the bank T answered 0.7%.

また、金融情報提供会社の情報によると、貸付日における期間10年のX国通貨に係る金

利スワップのスワップレート(注2)は5%となっている。

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According to information from a financial data provider, the swap rate (see Note 2

below) for interest rate swaps involving country X's currency for a 10-year period on the

lending date would be 5%.

(注1)スプレッドとは、金融機関等が得るべき利益に相当する金利であり、金融機関等

の事務経費に相当する部分や借手の信用リスクに相当する部分を含む。

(Note 1) The spread is the interest rate corresponding to the profit that a financial

institution can expect to earn, and includes the portion corresponding to the

administrative expenses of the financial institution and the portion corresponding to

the credit risk of the borrower.

(注2)金利スワップにおけるスワップレートとは、国際金融市場において示された、短

期金利と交換可能な長期金利の水準を示すものである。

(Note 2) The swap rate of an interest rate swap indicates the level of the long-term

interest rate exchangeable for the short-term interest rate as indicated by international

financial markets.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods)

本事例のP社とS社との間の金銭貸借取引については、独立企業間価格の算定方法の選

択に当たり、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号の規定により基本三法と同等の方法が他の

方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐4、同 66 の 4(2)‐3 等に基づき比較対象

取引に関して検討した。

As precedence is given to the application of methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction methods under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the

ASMT when selecting the TPM for the loan transaction between company P and

company S, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT

Directive 66-4(6)-4 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following

findings:

この結果、収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法と同等の方法及びP社を対象

とする原価基準法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ Given the information available, no comparable transactions are found for applying a

method equivalent to the CUP method or a method equivalent to the CP method to

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company P.

また、S社には銀行借入れの実績がなく、S社が同様の条件で銀行等から借り入れた場

合に付されるであろう利率に関する情報が得られないため、措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐4(注)

に規定する方法も適用できない。

・ Furthermore, as company S has had no bank loans and no information can be

obtained on the interest rate that would be applied in cases where the company has

taken out a loan from a bank or similar institution under the same terms and conditions,

it is also impossible to apply the methods prescribed in (Note) to ASMT Directive

66-4(6)-4.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

P社には銀行借入れの実績があり、銀行からP社に係るスプレッド情報が得られるため、

事務運営指針2‐7(1)により計算した利率を用いて独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と

認められる(措置法第66条の4第2項第2号ロ(独立価格比準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法))。

As company P has taken out a bank loan and spread information on company P is

available from the bank, it is found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's length price

by using the interest rate calculated in accordance with Administrative Guidelines

2-7(1) (Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii), (b) of the ASMT (Methods Equivalent to

Methods Consistent with the CUP Method)).

これによると、P社とS社との金銭貸借取引に係る独立企業間価格(利率)は、5.7%と

なる(スワップレート5%+スプレッド0.7%)。

The arm's length price (interest rate) for the loan transaction between company P and

company S is consequently calculated to be 5.7% (5% swap rate plus 0.7% spread).

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 国外関連取引と比較可能な非関連者間の取引が見いだせず、基本三法を適用すること

ができない場合において、市場価格等の客観的かつ現実的な指標(例えば、本事例におけ

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る市場金利)が入手可能なときは、そのような取引を比較対象取引として基本三法に準ず

る方法(又は基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法)により独立企業間価格を算定すること

ができる(基本三法に準ずる方法については、【事例1】解説参照。)。

2. In cases where it is not possible to find any transactions between non-affiliates that

are comparable with the transaction with the foreign affiliate and the traditional

transaction methods cannot be applied, the arm's length price can be calculated through

a method consistent with the traditional transaction methods (or a method equivalent

to a method consistent with the traditional transaction methods), where objective and

realistic indicators of variables such as market prices (e.g., the market interest rate in

the present case) are available, by using these transactions as the comparable

transactions. (Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods,

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.)

3 金銭の貸付け等を業としない法人の金銭貸借取引に係る独立企業間価格の算定方法は、

次の図のとおり選択することとなる。

3. The TPM for loan transactions conducted by corporations that do not engage in the

money lending business is selected by following the steps outlined in the diagram below:

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・金銭の貸付けが、手持資金によるものか、借入資金によるものかの違いによる取扱いの

差はない。

・ Treatment is the same regardless of whether a loan is provided using funds on hand

or borrowed funds.

・同一通貨の同一条件による金融取引である場合には、各金融市場における金利水準は、

ほぼ同一と考えられることから、基本的に市場の違いによる差異を考慮する必要はない。

・ In the case of financial transactions under the same terms and conditions and in the

same currency, there is no fundamental need to allow for differences due to markets, as

the levels of interest rates in each financial market are almost the same.

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【事例5】(原価基準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を用いる場合)

Case 5: Use of methods equivalent to methods consistent with the cost plus method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否を検討した結果、基本三法と同等の方法は適用でき

ないが、原価基準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法の適用が妥当と認められる事例。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent

to the traditional transaction methods, although it is found that a method equivalent to

the traditional transaction methods cannot be applied, a method equivalent to methods

consistent with the CP method is found to be applicable.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。S社は、P社が製造した部品aを購入し、これに他の部品を

加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国内で第三者に販売している。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A. Company S buys part "a" manufactured by company P, which it

combines with other parts to produce product A for sale to third parties in country X.

また、P社は、S社へ製品Aの製造設備に係る役務提供を行っている。

Company P also provides company S with services for production equipment used to

manufacture product A.

P社はX国の第三者であるT社にも部品aを販売している。

Company P also sells part "a" to company T, which is a third party in country X.

T社はP社から部品aを購入し、T社はこれに他の部品を加えて製品Bの製造を行い、X

国内で第三者に販売している。

Company T buys part "a" from company P, which it combines with other parts to

manufacture product B for sale to third parties in country X.

P社の業務内容は製品Aの製造販売及び部品aの販売であり、役務提供を主たる事業と

するものではない。

Company P's line of business is the manufacture and sale of product A, and the sale of

part "a." The provision of services is not a core part of its business.

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(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

(1) 部品aの販売取引

(1) Sale of part "a"

P社はS社とT社に同じ部品 a を同一価格で販売しており、販売取引に係る取引段階、

取引数量等の取引条件も同様である。

Company P sells part "a" both to company S and company T at the same price, and

the phase of the transactional chain and transaction terms (e.g., transaction volume) for

the sales transactions are also the same.

(2) 役務提供取引

(2) Service transactions

P社は、S社の製品A製造設備に係る保守・点検やオペレーターの教育訓練等のため、

自社製造部門の技術社員3名を年に延べ2ヶ月程度S社に出張させている。

Company P provides three engineers from its manufacturing division to company S

for a total of around two months a year to maintain and inspect the equipment used to

manufacture product A at company S, and to train equipment operators.

P社の3名の技術社員が行う保守・点検等の役務は独自性のあるものではなく、P社の製

造ノウハウ等も使用されていない。

The maintenance, inspection, and other services undertaken by company P's three

engineers are not original and they do not make use of company P's manufacturing

know-how, etc.

当該役務提供に関しては、S社からP社へ対価の支払はなされていない。

Company S does not pay any consideration to company P for the provision of these

services.

P社、S社のいずれも、非関連者との間で同様の役務提供取引を行っていない。

Neither company P nor company S engages in similar service transactions with

non-affiliated parties.

また、非関連者間における同様の役務提供取引は把握されていない。

Furthermore, no similar service transactions can be found between non-affiliates.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(1) 部品 a の販売取引

(1) Sale of part "a"

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(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討し、P社とS社との部品aの販売取引について、

P社とT社との部品aの販売取引を比較対象取引とする独立価格比準法を適用した結果、

移転価格税制上の問題は認められなかった。

Precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT. An examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions reveals no problems from the point

of view of transfer pricing taxation arising from the application of the CUP method to

the sales transaction of part "a" between company P and company S, by using the sales

transaction of part "a" between company P and company T as the comparable

transaction.

(2) 役務提供取引

(2) Service transactions

(基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号の規定

により基本三法と同等の方法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐5、

同 66 の 4(2)‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した。

As precedence is given to the application of methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction methods when selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (ii) of the ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in

accordance with ASMT Directive 66-4(6)-5, 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions

produces the following findings:

この結果、収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法と同等の方法及びP社を対象

とする原価基準法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods equivalent to the CUP method or

methods equivalent to the CP method to company P can be found due to the limited

scope of the information available.

また、取引内容から、再販売価格基準法と同等の方法を適用することは困難である。

・ Due to the content of the transaction, it is also found to be unfeasible to apply a

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method equivalent to the RP method.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法の適用について検討したところ、P社が

S社に対して行う役務提供は、本来の業務(本事例においては、部品aの販売)に付随し

て行われるものであり、また、役務提供に要した費用は、役務提供を行った事業年度のP

社の原価の額の相当部分を占めるとは認められない。

Further considering the application of methods equivalent to methods consistent with

the traditional transaction methods, it is found that the provision of services by

company P to company S is incidental to the company's core business (in this case, the

sale of part "a"), and that the cost of the provision of services does not account for a

significant portion of company P's costs in the business year in which the provision of

services takes place.

さらに、当該役務提供には、無形資産は使用されていない。

Moreover, no use is made of intangible property in the provision of services.

したがって、原価基準法と同等の方法ではなく、当該役務提供の総原価の額を独立企業

間価格とする原価基準法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を適用することが妥当と認められる

(事務運営指針 2‐10(1))。

Instead of a method equivalent to the CP method, therefore, it is found to be

appropriate to apply a method equivalent to a method consistent with the CP method

employing the final cost of the provision of services as the arm's length price

(Administrative Guidelines 2-10(1)).

なお、この場合の総原価の額は、出張に係る旅費・交通費、滞在費、出張者の出張期間

に対応する給与・賞与・退職給付費用、その他出張に要した費用等の直接費と、合理的な

基準で配賦される間接費(担当部門及び補助部門の一般管理費等)の合計額となる。

The final cost in this case is the sum of the travel, transport, and accommodation

costs of the engineers dispatched, their salaries, bonuses, retirement benefit expenses

during the dispatch period, other direct costs required to dispatch them, and indirect

costs allocated on a reasonable basis (such as the general and administrative expenses

of the division concerned and associated divisions).

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

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引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。

2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 役務提供取引に対して独立価格比準法と同等の方法又は原価基準法と同等の方法を用

いる場合の留意事項は措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐5 のとおりであり、後者の方法では、当該役

務提供に要した費用の額にマークアップを行うこととなるが、本来の業務に付随した役務

提供(本来の業務に付随して又はこれに関連して行う役務提供をいう。)については、比

較対象取引を非関連者間取引から見いだすことが一般的には困難と考えられ、当該通達に

定める算定方法を適用できない場合がある。

3. Points to note when using a method equivalent to the CUP method or a method

equivalent to the CP method for service provision transactions are as set forth in ASMT

Directive 66-4(6)-5. Although with the latter method there is a markup in the amount of

expenses required to provide the services, it is generally considered difficult to find

comparable transactions from among uncontrolled transactions for provision of services

that is incidental to a corporation's core business (meaning provision of services

incidental to or related to a corporation's core business). Thus, there are some cases in

which the methods of calculation set forth in ASMT Directive cannot be applied.

このため、このような場合には、当該役務提供に要した費用の額にマークアップを行わ

ず、その総原価の額を独立企業間価格として取り扱うことができる(事務運営指針 2‐

10(1))。

In such cases, therefore, the amount of final cost may be treated as the arm's length

price without marking up the amount of expenses required to provide the services

(Administrative Guidelines 2-10(1)).

なお、本来の業務に付随した役務提供でない場合、役務提供に要した費用が法人若しく

は国外関連者の原価若しくは費用の相当部分を占める場合又は役務提供を行う際に無形資

産を使用している場合には、役務提供に要した総原価の額を独立企業間価格とする取扱い

は適用できないことから(事務運営指針 2‐10(1)(注))、その他の適用可能な独立企業間価

格の算定方法について検討を行うこととなる。

If the provision of services is not incidental to the core business, the cost of the

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provision of services accounts for a significant proportion of the cost or expenses of a

corporation or a foreign affiliate, or intangible property is used for providing services,

the amount of the final cost of the provision of services cannot be treated as the arm's

length price ((Note) to Administrative Guidelines 2-10(1)), and so another applicable

TMP should be considered.

4 法人が国外関連者と行う本来の業務に付随した役務提供について、当該役務提供の総

原価の額を独立企業間価格とすることができるかどうかの判定手順は次の図のとおりであ

る。

4. Whether or not the final cost of the provision of services incidental to the core

business conducted by a corporation with a foreign affiliate can be treated as the arm's

length price is determined by following the steps outlined in the diagram below:

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【事例6】(取引単位営業利益法を用いる場合)

Case 6: Use of the transactional net margin method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法の適用の可否を検討した結果、基本三法の適用はできないが、取引単位営業利

益法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだせることにより、取引単位営業利益法の適用

が妥当と認められる事例。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, although it is found that the traditional transaction methods

cannot be applied, comparable transactions are available that enable the application of

the TNMM, and so the TNMM is found to be applicable.

また、基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否を検討した結果、取引単位営業利益法に準ずる

方法と同等の方法の適用が妥当と認められる事例(前提条件1は棚卸資産の売買取引の場

合、前提条件2は無形資産の使用許諾取引の場合)。

After consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction methods, methods equivalent to methods consistent with the TNMM are

also found to be applicable. ("Precondition 1" illustrates the cases where there are sales

transactions of inventory assets, and "Precondition 2" illustrates cases where there are

licensing transactions of intangible property.)

《前提条件1》

Precondition 1

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is manufactured using original technology and techniques developed as a

result of R&D by company P.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社は購入した製品AをX国の第三者の代理店10

数社に販売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, which sells it to a dozen or so third-party

agents in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動を行っていない。

Company S does not engage in any original advertising or sales promotion activities.

(その他)

(Other conditions)

X国の企業財務情報開示制度では、原価項目の記載が必要とされていない(ただし、日

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本における営業利益に相当する項目は表示される。)。

Under the system for disclosure of corporate financial data in country X, entry of cost

items is not required. (However, an item corresponding to operating income in Japan is

disclosed in reports.)

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・P社がS社に販売する製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動によって生み出された独自技術を

使用した製品であり、収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法及びP社を対象とす

る原価基準法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ Product A sold by company P to company S is a product manufactured using original

technology and techniques developed as a result of R&D by company P, and it is not

possible to find comparable transactions from the available data for applying the CUP

method or CP method to company P.

・S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動を行っておらず、所得の源泉となる無形

資産を有しているとは認められない(無形資産と所得の源泉との関係については、【事例

10~15】参照)。

・ Company S is not found to engage in original advertising or sales promotion activities,

and is found to have no intangible property that serves as a source of income.

(Regarding the relationship between intangible property and sources of income, see

Cases 10-15.)

X国における公開情報からは売上総利益及び売上原価の金額を把握することができず、ま

た、売上総利益率に影響を与える差異の調整に必要な情報が得られないことから、S社を

対象とする再販売価格基準法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

As it is not possible to ascertain gross profit on sales or the cost of sales from publicly

available information in country X, and the information needed to adjust for differences

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affecting gross profit margin is unobtainable, no comparable transactions can be found

for applying the RP method to company S.

(基本三法に代替する算定方法の選択)

(Selection of a method of calculation to substitute for the traditional transaction

methods)

本事例では、上記の検討結果より、基本三法を適用することができないことから、措置

法第66条の4第2項第1号ニに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法及びその他政令で定める方法

について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Based on the above, it is consequently found in this case that the traditional

transaction methods cannot be applied, so the methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of the ASMT

and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT are considered, with

the following results.

基本三法に準ずる方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods can be found.

営業利益率ベースでは公開情報からS社に係る比較対象取引を把握することができるこ

とから、本事例においては、S社を対象とする取引単位営業利益法を適用し独立企業間価

格を算定することが妥当と認められる(措置法施行令第39条の12第8項第2号)。

・ As it is possible to identify comparable transactions for company S from publicly

available information based on the operating margin, it is found to be appropriate in

this case to calculate the arm's length price by applying the TNMM to company S

(Article 39-12, paragraph (8), item (ii) of the Order for Enforcement of the ASMT).

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。

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2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 なお、取引単位営業利益法は、取引当事者の一方に係る比較対象取引を選定して独立

企業間価格を算定する方法であるが、法人及び国外関連者の果たす機能等に照らした場合

には、法人及び国外関連者双方が利益の発生に対して寄与した程度に基づき独立企業間価

格を算定する利益分割法の適用が適切なケースがある。

3. The TNMM is a method of calculating the arm's length price by selecting comparable

transactions for the relevant party to the transaction concerned. Depending on the roles

and functions of the corporation and the foreign affiliate, however, there are cases

where it is more appropriate to apply the PS method in order to calculate the arm's

length price based on the contributions of both the corporation and the foreign affiliate

to the generation of profit.

(参考1)取引単位営業利益法について

(Reference 1) Regarding the transactional net margin method (TNMM):

・取引単位営業利益法は、営業利益ベースでの比較に基づく算定方法であり、国外関連取

引から得られる営業利益の水準に着目して国外関連取引に係る独立企業間価格を算定する

方法である。

・ The TNMM is a method of calculation based on a comparison of operating income, and

is used to calculate the arm's length price for transactions with a foreign affiliate,

focusing on the level of operating income derived from transactions with the foreign

affiliate.

取引単位営業利益法を適用する場合の比較対象取引の選定においても、基本三法と同様に

措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐3 に掲げる諸要素の類似性について検討することとなる。

As with the traditional transaction methods, the similarity of the factors listed in ASMT

Directive 66-4(2)-3 needs to be considered when selecting comparable transactions for

applying the TNMM as well.

・棚卸資産の価格そのものを比較する独立価格比準法においては、棚卸資産についての厳

格な類似性(同種性)が要求され、また、売上総利益に係る利益率を比較する再販売価格

基準法や原価基準法においては、主として売手又は買手の果たす機能の類似性が要求され

る。

・ The CUP method, which compares the prices of inventory assets themselves, requires

a strict similarity (homogeneity) in inventory assets, while the RP method and the CP

method, which compare the profit margins of gross profit on sales, principally require a

similarity in the functions performed by the seller or the buyer.

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価格は製品の差異による影響を受ける傾向があり、売上総利益に係る利益率は機能の差異

による影響を受ける傾向があるが、他方で、営業利益率は、そのような差異によって影響

を受けにくい面があると考えられることから、例えば、比較対象取引候補に関する情報の

入手に限界があること等により、基本三法を適用する上で必要な比較可能性が認められな

い場合であっても、取引単位営業利益法においては、比較対象取引として採用し得る場合

がある。

Prices tend to be affected by differences in products, and the profit margin of gross profit

on sales tends to be affected by differences in functions. On the other hand, operating

margin is considered to be less susceptible to the effects of such differences. Therefore,

even in cases where the comparability required for applying the traditional transaction

methods cannot be found due to constraints on the acquisition of information on

potential comparable transactions, such transactions may be usable as comparable

transactions for the TNMM.

・なお、取引単位営業利益法は、平成 16 年度税制改正で導入され、平成 16 年 4 月 1 日以

後に開始する事業年度から適用できる。

・ The TNMM was introduced as a result of the fiscal 2004 revision of the tax system,

and became applicable for business years commencing on or after April 1, 2004.

(参考2)利益分割法について

(Reference 2) Regarding the profit split method (PS method)

利益分割法には、寄与度利益分割法、比較利益分割法及び残余利益分割法の 3 つの種類

がある。

There are three types of profit split method: the contribution PS method, comparable

PS method, and residual PS method.

寄与度利益分割法の適用事例については【事例7】を、残余利益分割法の適用事例につい

ては【事例8】を参照のこと。

See Case 7 for an example of the application of the contribution PS method, and Case 8

for an example of the application of the residual PS method.

比較利益分割法とは、利益分割法の適用に当たり、国外関連取引と類似の状況の下で行わ

れた非関連者間取引に係る非関連者間の分割対象利益に相当する利益の配分割合を用いて

分割対象利益の配分を合理的に行う方法である(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐4)。

The comparable PS method is a method of reasonably allocating the profit to be split by

using the apportionment rate of profit corresponding to the profit to be split between

non-affiliates from uncontrolled transactions conducted under conditions similar to the

transaction with the foreign affiliate when applying the PS method (ASMT Directive

66-4(4)-4).

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(参考3)利益分割法と取引単位営業利益法

(Reference 3) PS method and TNMM

取引単位営業利益法と利益分割法は、法令上同順位であり、適用に係る優先务後関係は

ないことに留意する。

It should be noted that the TNMM and the PS method are ranked equally in legal

terms, and neither is given precedence when deciding which one to apply.

また、移転価格税制は、法人と国外関連者の取引を通じた所得の海外移転に対処するた

めの税制であり、国外関連取引から生じた利益が国外関連取引において果たされた双方の

機能等に見合ったものとなっているかにも配意して、移転価格税制上の問題の有無を検討

することとしている(事務運営指針 2‐1(3))。

As transfer pricing taxation is a system of taxation for dealing with the transfer

overseas of income through transactions between a corporation and a foreign affiliate,

attention should also be paid to whether the profit derived from a transaction with a

foreign affiliate is commensurate with the roles and functions of each party to the

transaction; and an examination should be made of whether there are any problems

from the point of view of transfer pricing taxation (Administrative Guidelines 2-1(3)).

独立企業間価格の算定に当たっては、法令に従い、個々の事例における事実関係に即し

て、最も適合する合理的な方法を選択する必要があり、その際には、このような観点から

の検討も行う必要がある。

When calculating the arm's length price, it is necessary to select the most reasonable

method in keeping with the actual situation in each particular case, and this point also

needs to be considered when making the selection.

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《前提条件2》

Precondition 2

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is manufactured using original techniques developed as a result of R&D by

company P.

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(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活

動により生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P licenses patents and manufacturing know-how (original techniques that

have resulted from R&D activities by company P) for manufacturing product A to

company S.

S社は、X国で原材料等を購入して製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の代理店に販売

している。

Company S purchases raw materials and other supplies in country X to manufacture

product A, which it then sells to third-party agents in country X.

なお、P社とS社との間では棚卸資産の売買取引はない。

No trading of inventory assets occurs between company P and company S.

(国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the foreign affiliate)

S社には研究開発部門はなく、S社が行う製品Aの製造はP社から供与されたP社の独

自技術に基づいて行われている。

Company S has no R&D divisions, and manufactures product A using techniques

originating from and provided by company P.

他の状況は前提条件1に同じ。

Other conditions are the same as in the case of Precondition 1.

(その他)

(Other conditions)

前提条件1に同じ。

Other conditions are the same as in the case of Precondition 1.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号の規定

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により基本三法と同等の方法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐6、

同 66 の 4(2)‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods,

when selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii) of

the ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT

Directive 66-4(6)-6, 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following

findings:

・P社がS社に対して使用許諾する特許権等は、P社の研究開発活動によって生み出され

た独自技術であり、収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法と同等の方法及びP社

を対象とする原価基準法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことがで

きない。

・ Patents and manufacturing know-how licensed by company P to company S are

original techniques created as a result of company P's R&D activities, and it is not

possible to find any comparable transactions for applying a method equivalent to the

CUP method or a method equivalent to the CP method to company P on the basis of the

information available.

また、取引内容から、S社を対象とする再販売価格基準法と同等の方法を適用すること

は困難である。

・ The application of a method equivalent to the RP method to company S is also found

to be unfeasible given the content of the transaction.

(基本三法と同等の方法に代替する算定方法の選択)

(Selection of a method of calculation to substitute for methods equivalent to the

traditional transaction methods)

本事例では、上記の検討結果より、基本三法と同等の方法を適用することができないこ

とから、措置法第66条の4第2項第2号ロに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法及び

その他政令で定める方法と同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

As in this case it is thus found impossible to apply a method equivalent to the

traditional transaction methods, methods equivalent to methods consistent with the

traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii), (b) of

the ASMT and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT are

considered, with the following results:

基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことがで

きない。

・ No comparable transactions can be identified for the application of methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods.

公開情報からS社が行う製造販売取引と比較可能な比較対象取引の営業利益率を得るこ

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とができる。

・ The operating margins on comparable transactions comparable with the

manufacturing and sales transactions undertaken by company S are obtainable from

publicly available information.

このような場合には、P社とS社との間の無形資産の使用許諾取引に係る対価を直接算

定することに代え、当該営業利益率によりS社の機能に見合う通常の利益を計算し、これ

を超えるS社の残余の利益を特許権及び製造ノウハウの使用許諾に係る対価の額として間

接的に独立企業間価格を算定できる。

・ In a case such as this, it is possible to calculate the arm's length price indirectly by

calculating the normal profit commensurate with the functions of company S from the

operating margin, and by treating company S's residual profit in excess of this amount

as the consideration for licensing of patents and manufacturing know-how, instead of by

directly calculating the consideration for the licensing of intangible property between

company P and company S.

したがって、本事例においては、S社を対象とする取引単位営業利益法に準ずる方法と

同等の方法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる(措置法施行令第

39条の12第8項4号)。

・ Therefore, in this case, it is found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's length price

by applying a method equivalent to a method consistent with the TNMM to company S

(Article 39-12, paragraph (8), item (iv) of the Order for Enforcement of the ASMT).

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。)

2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 取引単位営業利益法の基本概念については、前提条件1の解説参照。

3. Regarding the basic concept behind the TNMM, see Precondition 1.

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法人が特許権等の使用許諾により無形資産を国外関連者に供与している場合において、

国外関連者が、国外関連取引の事業と同種の事業を営み、市場、事業規模等が類似する他

の法人(重要な無形資産を有する法人を除く。)と同程度の製造機能又は販売機能のみを

有するときには、取引単位営業利益法を適用して国外関連者の機能に見合う通常の利益を

計算し、これを超える国外関連者の残余の利益を無形資産の供与に係る対価の額として間

接的に算定することが可能である。この場合の独立企業間価格の算定方法は「取引単位営

業利益法に準ずる方法と同等の方法」となる。

In cases where a corporation furnishes intangible property to a foreign affiliate

through the licensing of patents or similar intellectual property, it is possible to apply

the TNMM and indirectly calculate the normal profit commensurate with the functions

of the foreign affiliate and treat the residual profit of the foreign affiliate in excess of

this as the amount of consideration for the furnishing of intangible property. This is

possible if the foreign affiliate only has manufacturing functions or sales functions

comparable to other corporations which engage in the same category of business as that

of the foreign affiliate in similar markets and of a similar size (excluding corporations

with substantial intangible property). The method of calculation of the arm's length

price in this case is a "method equivalent to a method consistent with the TNMM."

(注)本事例においては、契約に基づき無形資産の使用許諾を行っているとの前提条件を

置いているが、P社とS社の間で無形資産の使用に関し取決めがない場合であっても、取

引実態等から判断して使用許諾取引があると認められるときには、同様の取扱いがなされ

ることとなる(事務運営指針 2‐13)。

(Note) This case is premised on intangible property being licensed under a contract.

However, even if corporation P and corporation S do not have an agreement on the use

of intangible property between them, if it is found, on the basis of the actual state of

transactions that the use of the intangible property is licensed, the same treatment will

apply (Administrative Guidelines 2-13).

4 なお、取引単位営業利益法は、取引当事者の一方に係る比較対象取引を選定して独立

企業間価格を算定する方法であるが、法人及び国外関連者の果たす機能等に照らした場合

には、法人及び国外関連者双方が利益の発生に対して寄与した程度に基づき独立企業間価

格を算定する利益分割法の適用が適切なケースがある。

4. The TNMM is a method of calculating the arm's length price by selecting comparable

transactions for the relevant party to the transaction concerned. However, there are

cases where the PS method may more appropriately be used to calculate the arm's

length price based on the extent of the contribution of both the corporation and the

foreign affiliate to the generation of profit, in light of the roles and functions of the

corporation and the foreign affiliate.

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【事例7】(寄与度利益分割法を用いる場合)

Case 7: Use of the contribution profit split method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法の適用の可否を検討した結果、基本三法の適用ができず、寄与度利益分割法の

適用が妥当と認められる事例。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, it is found that the traditional transaction methods cannot be

applied, and that the contribution PS method is applicable.

《前提条件1》

Precondition 1

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製造販売子会社であるX国法

人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a manufacturing and sales

subsidiary.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品aを販売し、S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて

製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の代理店に販売している。

Company P sells part "a" for product A to company S, and company S combines part

"a" with other parts to produce product A, which it sells to third-party agents in country

X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

S社には研究開発部門はない。また、S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動は

行っておらず、販売に当たり自社の商標等を使用することもない。

Company S has no R&D divisions, does not engage in original advertising or sales

promotion activities, and does not use its own trademark or other properties in its sales

activities.

(その他)

(Other conditions)

S社は、X国の第三者に製品Aを販売しているが、X国の法人2社(X国以外の国に所

在する法人を親会社とする製造子会社。以下「当該2社」という。)も製品Aの類似製品

を製造販売している。

Company S sells product A to third parties in country X. However, products similar to

product A are also manufactured and sold by two other corporations in country X

(manufacturing subsidiaries whose parent companies are located outside country X;

hereinafter referred to as the "other two companies").

このため、X国市場ではS社を含む3社の寡占が続いている。

Consequently, these three companies have maintained an oligopoly on the market in

country X.

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製品Aは当該2社の類似製品とマーケットシェアを均等に分け合っており、製品性能や

価格面も当該2社の類似製品とほぼ同等である。

Product A has an equal market share with the similar products of the other two

companies, and is almost the same as the similar products of the other two companies in

terms of product performance and price.

日本国内でも、P社の製品Aと類似する製品を製造販売する法人は1社しかなく、その

取引はすべて関連者間取引である。

Even in Japan, there is only one corporation manufacturing and selling a product

similar to company P's product A, and transactions involving it are all controlled

transactions.

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《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 1 号の規定

により基本三法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)‐1、同 66 の 4(2)

‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods when

selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the

ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive

66-4(2)-1 and 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・P社については、日本国内に製品Aの類似製品を製造販売する法人が 1 社しかなく、そ

の取引はすべて関連者間取引であり、収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法及び

P社を対象とする原価基準法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ Regarding company P, there is only one corporation manufacturing and selling a

product similar to product A in Japan, and the transactions involving it are all

controlled transactions. It is therefore not possible to identify comparable transactions

for applying the CUP method and the CP method to company P based on the

information available.

・S社についても、類似の製品を扱う当該 2 社の取引が関連者間取引であることから、S

社の販売取引に再販売価格基準法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができな

い。

・ Regarding company S, the fact that the transactions of the two companies dealing in

similar products are controlled transactions means that no comparable transactions for

applying the RP method to company S's sales transactions can be found.

(基本三法に代替する手法の選択)

(Selection of a method to substitute for the traditional transaction methods)

本事例では、上記の検討結果より、基本三法を適用することができないことから、措置

法第66条の4第2項第1号ニに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法及びその他政令で定める方法

について検討したところ、基本三法に準ずる方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだ

すことができず、本事例においては、寄与度利益分割法を適用しP社とS社との国外関連

取引の独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる。

As it is thus found that the traditional transaction methods cannot be applied in the

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present case, the methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods

prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i), (d) of the ASMT and other methods

prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT are considered. As no comparable

transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods

can be found, it is found to be appropriate in the present case to calculate the arm's

length price of the transactions with a foreign affiliate that are conducted between

company P and company S by applying the contribution PS method.

なお、取引単位営業利益法を適用する上での比較対象取引は見いだすことができない。

It is not possible to identify any comparable transactions for applying the TNMM.

また、P社及びS社双方が重要な無形資産を有していないと認められることから、残余利

益分割法を適用することはできない。

Furthermore, as it is found that neither company P nor company S has material

intangible property, the residual PS method cannot be applied.

《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点等については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。

2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 寡占等の市場の状況により、比較対象取引を見いだすことが困難な場合においては、

比較対象取引を用いない寄与度利益分割法を独立企業間価格の算定方法とすることが妥当

な場合がある。

3. In cases where it is difficult to find comparable transactions due to the state of the

market (such as the existence of an oligopoly), it may be more appropriate to use the

contribution PS method without using comparable transactions as the TPM.

なお、法人及び国外関連者双方が重要な無形資産を有していない場合には、残余利益分

割法を適用することはできない(残余利益分割法が適合する場合については、【事例8】

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解説参照)。

If neither the corporation nor the foreign affiliate has material intangible property,

the residual PS method cannot be applied. (Regarding the cases where the residual PS

method is compatible, see the "Explanation" of Case 8.)

4 寄与度利益分割法を適用する場合の分割要因については、国外関連取引の内容に応じ

法人又は国外関連者が支出した人件費等の費用の額、投下資本の額等、これらの者が当該

分割対象利益の発生に寄与した程度を推測するにふさわしいものを用いることとしている

(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐2)。

4. Regarding the factors used to split profits when employing the contribution PS

method, use is made of those factors that are suited to estimating the extent of the

parties' contributions to the generation of the profits which are to be split, in line with

the content of the transaction with the foreign affiliate. These may include, for instance,

the amount of expenses (such as expenditures for personnel costs) and the amount of

capital employed by the corporation or the foreign affiliate (ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-2).

例えば、製造、販売等経常的に果たされている機能が利益の発生に寄与している場合に

は、当該機能を反映する人件費等の費用の額や減価償却費などを用いるのが合理的と考え

られる。

For instance, if the function ordinarily performed (e.g., in manufacturing or sales)

contributes to the generation of profits, it would be logical to use the expenditures on

human resources and depreciation expenses that reflect this function.

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《前提条件2》

Precondition 2

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

日本法人A社は、国際的に業務を展開する金融機関であり、X国及びY国にそれぞれ国

外関連者としてXA社とYA社があり、A社、XA社及びYA社は、グループ一体として

デリバティブ取引を行っている。

Japanese company A is a financial institution with international operations. It does

business with company XA and company YA as foreign affiliates in country X and

country Y respectively, and company A, company XA, and company YA all engage in

derivative transactions as a single group.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

A社は、日本の顧客に対してデリバティブ商品の営業活動を行い、顧客から注文を受け

るほか、顧客の要望に基づいてデリバティブ商品の組成・開発(マーケティング)を行っ

ている。

Company A markets derivative products to Japanese customers and, in addition to

taking orders from customers, also creates and develops (markets) derivative products

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to meet customer demands.

XA社は、A社からの求めに応じて、与えられた権限内でインターバンク取引を通じ当

該デリバティブ商品の値決めに関する情報をA社に提供するとともに、XA社が取り扱う

全金融商品についての収益・リスクの管理を含むトレーディング業務を行っている。

Company XA provides company A with information on pricing these derivative

products through inter-bank transactions to the extent of the authority assigned to it

according to company A's requests, and also engages in trading operations, including

revenue and risk management concerning all financial products handled by company

XA.

YA社は顧客からのニーズに基づき顧客との契約当事者になるとともに、トレーディン

グ業務を行っている。

Company YA is a party to contracts with customers according to customer needs, and

engages in trading operations.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号の規定

により基本三法と同等の方法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(6)‐5、

同 66 の 4(2)‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は、次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction methods when selecting the TPM under the provisions of Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (ii) of the ASMT, an examination of comparable transactions in

accordance with ASMT Directive 66-4(6)-5, 66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions

produces the following findings:

・本事例のようなデリバティブ商品の販売において、営業、マーケティング、トレーディ

ングなどの一連の機能を、非関連者との役務提供取引により非関連者間で分散しているよ

うなケースはなく、収集できる範囲の情報からは、A社、XA社及びYA社の間の取引と

役務提供の内容が同種又は類似であり、役務提供の条件が同様である非関連者間取引を把

握できなかったことから、基本三法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだ

すことができない。

・ No instances can be found in the derivatives field of a set of functions, such as trade

operations, marketing, and trading, being dispersed among non-affiliated parties

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through service provision transactions with non-affiliated parties. Moreover, given the

information available, it is impossible to identify any uncontrolled transactions that are

in the same or similar category of business as the service provision transactions

between company A and companies XA and YA, and that have the same terms and

conditions for the provision of services. Therefore, no comparable transactions for

applying methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods can be found.

(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択)

(Selection of TPM)

本事例では、上記の検討結果より、基本三法と同等の方法を適用することができないこ

とから、措置法第66条の4第2項第2号ロに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法及び

その他政令で定める方法と同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

As it is found in this case that a method equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods cannot be applied, methods equivalent to methods consistent with the

traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (ii), (b) of

the ASMT and methods equivalent to other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of

the ASMT are considered, with the following results:

基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことがで

きない。

・ No comparable transactions for applying a method equivalent to a method consistent

with the traditional transaction methods can be found.

A社の行っている業務は、企業グループが一体として顧客にデリバティブ商品を販売す

る中において果たしている一機能であると認められることから、本事例においては、A社、

XA社及びYA社間で行われる取引全体から生じた利益を、各国外関連者の貢献度に応じ

て配分する寄与度利益分割法の適用が妥当と認められる。

・ As the operations engaged in by company A are found to be performed as a single set

of functions concerning the sale of derivative products to customers by the business

group as a unit, it is found to be appropriate to apply the contribution PS method by

apportioning the profit derived from all transactions engaged in between company A,

and companies XA and YA according to the level of each foreign affiliate's contribution.

なお、取引単位営業利益法を適用する上での比較対象取引は見いだすことができない。

・ No comparable transactions can be found for applying the TNMM.

《解説》

Explanation

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1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断を行う場合に留意すべき点については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions correspond to comparable transactions, see

the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。

2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 法人と国外関連者に機能が分散され、これらの者が共助的に一体として事業を行って

いるような高度に統合されたグローバルトレーディング等の取引形態については、基本三

法と同等の方法により各国外関連者の収益を決定することは困難と考えられ、措置法第 66

条の 4 第 2 項第 2 号ロに規定する基本三法に準ずる方法その他政令で定める方法と同等の

方法の適用を検討することとなる。

3. Where transactions are highly integrated and global in nature, and functions are

dispersed between a corporation and foreign affiliates that do business together

cooperatively as a single unit, it is considered difficult to determine the revenues of each

of the foreign affiliates by means of a method equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods.

基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法は、基本三法と同等の方法と同様の理由で適用は困難

と考えられ、利益分割法と同等の方法又は取引単位営業利益法と同等の方法の適用を検討

することとなるが、本事例のような取引については、取引単位営業利益法と同等の方法を

適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだせないことが多いため、一般的には、取引全体から

の利益を各拠点の貢献に応じて配分する利益分割法と同等の方法(この事例では寄与度利

益分割法と同等の方法)の適用が妥当である。

In such cases, therefore, the application of methods equivalent to methods consistent

with the traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item

(ii), (b) of the ASMT and methods equivalent to other methods prescribed in the Cabinet

Order of the ASMT are considered. The application of methods equivalent to methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods is considered difficult for the same

reasons as with methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, and so the

application of a method equivalent to the PS method or a method equivalent to the

TNMM has to be considered. In the case of transactions such as those described in the

present case, however, it is generally appropriate to apply a method equivalent to the

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PS method by allocating the profit derived from transactions overall to each of the

operations concerned according to their contributions (which in this case would be a

method equivalent to the contribution PS method) due to the frequent unfeasibility of

finding comparable transactions for applying a method equivalent to the TNMM.

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【事例8】(残余利益分割法を用いる場合)

Case 8: Use of the residual profit split method

《ポイント》

Key point

基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否を検討した結果、基本三法の

適用はできないが、法人又は国外関連者の研究開発活動や販売促進活動等によって形成さ

れた無形資産が所得の源泉になっていることにより、残余利益分割法の適用が妥当と認め

られる事例。

This is a case in which, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods), it is found that the traditional transaction methods cannot be applied. As

intangible property created by R&D, sales promotions, and other activities of a

corporation and a foreign affiliate serve as a source of income, however, the residual PS

method is found to be applicable.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is manufactured using original technology and techniques developed as a

result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of original technology

produced by company P) for product A to company S, and also licenses patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of R&D activities

by company P) for manufacturing product A to company S.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の小売店約200社

に対して販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

then sells to approximately 200 third-party retailers in country X.

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(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

S社には研究開発部門はなく、S社が行う製品Aの製造は、P社から供与された独自技

術に基づいて行われている。

Company S has no R&D divisions, and the manufacture of product A by company S is

based on original technology and techniques furnished by company P.

一方、S社は、多数の営業担当者を配置し、小売店や最終消費者向けに独自の広告宣伝・

販売促進活動を行っている。

On the other hand, company S has numerous sales representatives, and engages in

original advertising and sales promotion activities targeted at retailers and end

consumers.

製品Aは、製品そのものの独自の技術性能のほか、広告宣伝・販売促進活動を通じた高

い製品認知度や充実した小売店舗網等により、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確

保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売されている。

Product A has achieved a certain market share in country X thanks to its unique

technical performance, combined with high product recognition and a well-developed

retailer network built up through advertising and sales promotion activities, and it is

sold at a largely stable price.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

(基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討)

(Consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and methods

equivalent to the traditional transaction methods)

独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たっては、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 2 項の規定により

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法が他の方法に優先することから、措置法通達 66 の 4(2)

‐1、同 66 の 4(6)‐6、同 66 の 4(2)‐3 等に基づき比較対象取引に関して検討した結果は

次のとおりである。

As precedence is given to the application of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods when selecting the TPM

under the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (2) of the ASMT, an examination of

comparable transactions in accordance with ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-1, 66-4(6)-6,

66-4(2)-3 and other relevant provisions produces the following findings:

・P社がS社に対して使用許諾する特許権等は、P社の研究開発活動によって生み出され

た独自技術であり、また、販売する部品aもこの独自技術を用いて製造された部品であり、

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収集できる範囲の情報からは、独立価格比準法(又はこれと同等の方法)及びP社を対象

とする原価基準法(又はこれと同等の方法)を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすこ

とができない。

・Patents and manufacturing know-how licensed by company P to company S are

original techniques created as a result of corporation P's R&D activities. Part "a," which

company P sells, is also manufactured using these original techniques. It is therefore

found to be impossible to find any comparable transactions for applying the CUP

method (or the method equivalent to the CUP method) or the CP method (or the method

equivalent to the CP method) to company P, given the information available.

・S社は、広告宣伝・販売促進活動によって形成された、「基本的活動のみを行う法人」

(注)よりも高い製品認知度や充実した小売店舗網を用いて事業を行っている。収集でき

る範囲の情報からは、こうしたS社の取引と同様の条件下で行われている非関連者間取引

を把握することができず、S社の販売取引に係る再販売価格基準法を適用する上での比較

対象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ As a result of its advertising and sales promotion activities, company S does business

by making use of its better-developed retailer network and higher product recognition

than "corporations engaging solely in basic activities" (see Note below). Based on the

information available, it is not possible to find any uncontrolled transactions taking

place under the same conditions as the transactions engaged in by company S, and no

comparable transactions for applying the RP method to company S's sales transactions

can be identified.

(注)本事例集においては、国外関連取引の事業と同種の事業を営み、市場、事業規模等

が類似する法人のうち、基本的な製造・販売等の活動だけでは生み出すことができない利

益の発生に貢献する無形資産を有しない法人を「基本的活動のみを行う法人」とする。

(Note) In this supplement, "corporations engaging solely in basic activities" means

corporations that engage in the same category of business as that to which the

transaction with the foreign affiliate relates, and that are of a similar scale and are

active in a similar market, but that have no intangible property which contributes to

generating profit that could not be generated by activities such as basic manufacturing

and sales activities alone.

なお、本事例以下の事例における、「高い」製品認知度、「充実した」小売店舗網、「独

自」の技術、「低い」製造原価、等の表現は、すべて基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較

において用いている。

In the present case and the following cases, expressions such as "high" product

recognition, "well-developed" retailer network, "original" technologies, and "low" cost of

manufacture are all used for comparing a corporation or its foreign affiliate with

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corporations that engage solely in basic activities.

(基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法に代替する算定方法の選択)

(Selection of a method of calculation to substitute for the traditional transaction

methods and methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods)

本事例では、上記の検討結果より、基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法を適用すること

はできないことから、措置法第66条の4第2項第1号ニ及び同項第2号ロに規定する基本三法

に準ずる方法その他政令で定める方法及びこれらと同等の方法について検討し、その結果

は次のとおりである。

As it is thus found that the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent

to the traditional transaction methods cannot be applied in the present case, methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods prescribed in Article 66-4,

paragraph (2), item (i), (d) or item (ii), (b) of the ASMT and other methods prescribed in

the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and methods equivalent to them are considered, with

the following results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及び基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対

象取引を見いだすことができない。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods or methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods can be found.

P社の研究開発活動及びS社の広告宣伝・販売促進活動により形成された無形資産が、

基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の

源泉になっていると認められる(無形資産と所得の源泉との関係については、【事例10

~15】参照。)。

・ When company P and company S are compared with corporations that engage solely

in basic activities, it is found that the intangible property created by company P's R&D

activities and company S's advertising and sales promotion activities serve as a source

of income in their transactions with the foreign affiliate. (Regarding the relationship

between intangible property and sources of income, see Cases 10-15.)

したがって、本事例においては、残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定するこ

とが妥当と認められる(措置法施行令第39条の12第8項第1号、措置法通達66の4(4) – 5)。

・ In this case, therefore, calculation of the arm's length price by the residual PS method

is found to be appropriate (Article 39-12, paragraph (8), item (i) of the Order for

Enforcement of the ASMT, and ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5).

なお、取引単位営業利益法を適用する上での比較対象取引は見いだすことができない。

・ No comparable transactions for applying the TNMM can be found.

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《解説》

Explanation

1 基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用の可否に係る検討及び比較対象取

引に該当するか否かの判断における留意点並びに国外関連取引に無形資産が使用されてい

る場合の留意点については、【事例1】解説参照。

1. Regarding points to note when considering the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods) and judging whether transactions qualify as comparable transactions, and

points to note when intangible property is used in transactions with a foreign affiliate,

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

2 基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関しては、

【事例1】解説参照。

2. Regarding methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods),

see the "Explanation" of Case 1.

3 無形資産は、その独自性・個別性(いわゆるユニークさ)により基本的活動のみを行

う法人に比較して経済競争上の優越的な立場をもたらし得るという特徴を有しているため

に、無形資産が関係する国外関連取引に係る比較対象取引を選定することは困難な場合が

多く、特に、法人及び国外関連者の双方が重要な無形資産を有しているような場合には、

残余利益分割法を選択することができる(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐5)。

3. As intangible property typically puts a corporation that uses it in an advantageous

position in terms of economic competitiveness compared to corporations that engage

solely in basic activities, due to its originality and individuality (i.e., its "uniqueness"), it

is often difficult to select comparable transactions for transactions with a foreign

affiliate that involve such property. Particularly in cases where both the corporation

and the foreign affiliate(s) have substantial intangible property, the residual PS method

may be chosen (ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5).

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【事例9】(差異の調整)

Case 9: Adjustment for differences

《ポイント》

Key point

比較対象取引に係る差異の調整に関する事例。

This case illustrates how to adjust for differences concerning comparable

transactions.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX国法

人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a distributor of product A, and 10 years previously it

established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社は購入した製品AをX国内の第三者の小売店

約200社に販売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, which then sells its purchases of product A

to approximately 200 third-party retailers in country X.

P社は、S社設立以前はX国の第三者の代理店T社を通じて製品Aを販売していたため、

現在も、X国内にS社経由の販売ルートとT社経由の販売ルートが併存している。

As company P sold product A through third-party agent T in country X before

company S's establishment, it has two sales channels in country X: through company S,

and through company T.

P社が行うS社及びT社との取引については、以下の点を除き、取引段階、取引数量、取

引条件等は概ね同様である。

Company P's transactions with company S and with company T are almost the same

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in terms of the phase of the transactional chain, volume, and terms, except in the

following respects:

① S社との取引の引渡条件がCIF(運賃、保険料込み渡し)であるのに対し、T社と

の取引はFOB(本船渡し)で行われていること。

(i) Whereas the delivery terms for transactions with company S are CIF (price including

cost, insurance, and freight), transactions with company T are FOB (free on board).

② S社との取引における決済サイトが 30 日であるのに対し、T社取引においては 90 日

であること。(ユーザンス金利はいずれも 5%)

(ii) Whereas the payment period for transactions with company S is 30 days, it is 90

days for transactions with company T. (The usance* rate in both cases is 5 %.)

(注)ユーザンス金利:支払猶予期間に対する適用金利

(Note) *Usance rate: rate charged for credit

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例においては、P社はS社に製品Aを販売するほか、同一の製品Aを非関連者であ

るT社に対しても販売しており、両取引は、引渡条件など一部差異が認められるものの高

い比較可能性を有していることから、この差異を調整した上で独立価格比準法を適用する

ことが考えられる。

Since in this case company P sells product A to company S and also sells an identical

product A to a non-affiliate T, and, despite some differences in the delivery terms and

other areas, the two transactions are highly comparable, one option is to apply the CUP

method after adjusting for the differences.

両取引については、①引渡条件及び②決済条件に差異があり、これが両者の価格に影響

を与えると認められたが、①についてはT社との取引価格に運賃と保険料を加算(T社仕

入価格+運賃+保険料)することにより、②についてはT社との取引における取引価格の

金利部分をS社との条件に引き直す(T社仕入価格÷{1+0.05×(90日/365日)}×{1+0.05×(30

日/365日)})ことにより、差異調整が可能である。

Although differences in (i) the delivery terms and (ii) the settlement terms are found

to have an impact on the prices of both transactions, it is possible to adjust for the

differences by, in the case of (i), adding freight and insurance premiums to the

transaction price with company T (company T purchase price + freight + insurance

premiums), and, in the case of (ii), recalculating the interest component of the

transaction price for transactions with company T to match the terms for company S

(company T purchase price÷{1+0.05×(90 days/365days)}×{1+0.05×(30 days/365 days)}).

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本事例においては、当該差異調整後のP社とT社との製品Aの販売取引に係る対価の額

が独立企業間価格となる。

In this case, the consideration for the sale of product A by company P to company T

after adjusting for this difference is the arm's length price.

《解説》

Explanation

基本三法及び取引単位営業利益法(基本三法と同等の方法及び取引単位営業利益法と同

等の方法を含む。)の適用上、比較対象取引候補として選定された非関連者間取引と国外

関連取引との間の差異により価格又は利益率等の差が生じていても、その差異を調整する

ことができる場合には、独立企業間価格を算定する上で比較対象取引とすることができる

(措置法66条の4第2項第1号、措置法施行令第39条の12第6項、第7項及び第8項、措置法通

達66の4(2) – 1)。

As with the above case, differences may arise in, for instance, the price or profit

margin due to differences between a transaction with the foreign affiliate and the

uncontrolled transactions selected as potential comparable transactions for applying

the traditional transaction methods and the TNMM (including methods equivalent to

the traditional transaction methods and the methods equivalent to the TNMM).

However, these transactions may still be used as the comparable transactions for

calculating the arm's length price, provided that adjustments can be made for these

differences (Article 66-4, paragraph (2), item (i) of the ASMT, from paragraph (6) to

paragraph (8) inclusive of Article 39-12 of the Order for Enforcement of the ASMT, and

ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-1).

差異調整は、比較対象取引候補として選定された非関連者間取引について、比較対象取引

としての合理性を確保するために行われるものであるから、調整の対象となる差異は、対

価の額に「影響を及ぼすことが客観的に明らか」である場合に行うもので(事務運営指針3–1

なお書き)、「対価の額の差」を生じさせ得るものすべてを対象とするものではない。

As differences are adjusted for in order to ensure that the uncontrolled transactions

chosen as potential comparable transactions can serve as reasonable comparable

transactions, the differences to be adjusted for should be those that "objectively clearly

affect" the amount of consideration (the second clause of Administrative Guidelines 3-1),

and do not include everything that could potentially give rise to "differences in the

amount of consideration."

(参考)高松高裁平成 18 年 10 月 13 日判決参照。なお同事件は、最高裁平成 19 年 4 月 10

日決定(上告棄却)で確定。

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(Reference) See the judgment of the Takamatsu High Court, October 13, 2006, which

was finally adjudicated by the Supreme Court on April 10, 2007 (dismissal of the final

appeal).

なお、国外関連取引と比較対象取引との差異が価格又は利益率等に及ぼす影響が無視で

きず、かつ、その差異による具体的影響額を算定できない場合には、比較可能性自体に問

題がある点に留意する必要がある。

It should be noted that if the impact of differences between a transaction with the

foreign affiliate and comparable transactions on the price or profit margin cannot be

disregarded, and the concrete value of the impact due to such differences cannot be

calculated, then the comparability of the transactions itself is problematic.

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第二章 独立企業間価格の算定方法の適用等に係る留意事項に関する事例

Chapter 2. Cases illustrating points to note concerning the application of transfer

pricing methodologies to determine the arm's length price

(1) 無形資産の取扱いに関する事例

(1) Cases illustrating the treatment of intangible property

【事例10】(研究開発及びマーケティング活動により形成された無形資産)

Case 10: Intangible property created by R&D and marketing activities

《ポイント》

Key point

研究開発活動や販売・マーケティング活動により形成された無形資産の取扱いに関する

事例。

This case illustrates the treatment of intangible property created by R&D activities

and by sales and marketing activities.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original technology and techniques developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して、製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を

販売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動に

より生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。使用許諾契約の中では、S社に技

術指導を行うことが規定されている。

Company P both sells part "a" (a core part that is the aggregate of company P's

original technology) for product A to company S, and also licenses patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of company P's

R&D activities) for manufacturing product A to company S. The licensing contract

provides for the provision of technical assistance to company S.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の小売店約200社

に対して製品Aを販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

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then sells to approximately 200 third-party retailers in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社は、これまでの研究開発活動を通じて形成した製造ノウハウに基づいて、効率的な

製造方法を実現している。S社の工場レイアウト等製造プロセス全般にわたるP社からの

技術指導を通じて、S社もP社と同様の効率的な製造方法を採用し、低い製造原価が実現

している。

Company P has created an efficient manufacturing process founded on the

manufacturing know-how that it has built up through its R&D activities to date. With

the benefit of company P's technical assistance, which covers the entire spectrum of

manufacturing processes, including company S's plant layout, company S uses the same

efficient manufacturing method as company P, and achieves a similarly low cost of

manufacturing.

P社の企画により、全世界的に大規模な会社イメージ広告が行われており、その社名や

会社ロゴマークは各国で一般に広く知られている。また、P社の企画により、製品Aにつ

いて全世界でTV・雑誌・インターネット等による大規模な広告宣伝活動が行われており、

X国でも製品Aの認知度は高い。

Large-scale global advertising planned by company P is undertaken to promote the

company's corporate image, and its corporate name and logo are widely known in many

countries. Large-scale global advertising planned by company P is also pursued to

advertise product A in the media, including television, magazines, and the Internet, and

product A enjoys high recognition in country X, as well.

S社には研究開発部門はなく、S社が行う製品Aの製造は、P社から供与されたP社の

独自技術に基づいて行われている。

Company S has no R&D divisions, and the manufacture of product A by company S is

based on techniques originating from and furnished by company P.

一方、S社は、多数の営業担当者を配置し、小売店や最終消費者向けに様々な販売促進

活動を行い、相当数の取引先小売店を有し、充実した小売店舗網を形成している。

On the other hand, company S has numerous sales representatives, engages in a

variety of sales promotion activities targeted at retailers and end consumers, has a

considerable number of client retailers, and has formed a well-developed retailer

network.

製品Aは、製品の独自の技術性能、広告宣伝・販売促進活動を通じた高い製品認知度や

充実した小売店舗網により、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、

概ね安定した価格で販売されている。

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Product A has acquired a certain market share in country X thanks to its unique

technical performance and its high product recognition and well-developed retailer

network, which have been built up through advertising and sales promotion activities,

and it is sold at a largely stable price.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例の国外関連取引については、①P社の有する独自技術・製造ノウハウ、②高い製

品認知度(=ブランド又は商標)、③充実した小売店舗網という無形資産が関連している

と認められる。

The following forms of intangible property are found to be involved in the transactions

with the foreign affiliate in this case: (i) original technology and manufacturing

know-how possessed by company P; (ii) high product recognition (brand or trademark);

and (iii) a well-developed retailer network.

これらの無形資産については、P社の研究開発活動、P社の企画に基づく大規模な広告

宣伝活動及びS社の販売促進活動により形成されたものと認められる。

This intangible property is found to have been created as a result of company P's R&D

activities, the large-scale advertising activities planned by company P, and company S's

sales promotion activities.

製品Aは、独自の技術性能、高い製品認知度及び充実した小売店舗網により、一定のマー

ケットシェアを確保するとともに、安定した価格による販売が実現され、原価面ではP社

の製造ノウハウに基づくS社の効率的な製造方法により低い製造原価が実現されている。

このようにP社及びS社は基本的活動のみを行う法人とは異なる独自の研究開発・広告宣

伝・販売促進活動を行っていると考えられる。

Product A has secured a certain market share through its unique technical

performance, high product recognition, and well-developed retailer network, and is sold

at a stable price, while cost-wise, company S has achieved a low cost of manufacture by

employing efficient manufacturing methods based on company P's manufacturing

know-how. Company P and company S are therefore regarded as engaging in original

R&D, advertising, and sales promotion activities differing from those of corporations

engaging solely in basic activities.

したがって、①~③の無形資産は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社

及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる。

When company P and company S are compared with corporations engaging solely in

basic activities, therefore, it is found that intangible property under (i) to (iii) serves as

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a source of income in their transactions with the foreign affiliate.

(注) 第二章(1)の事例 10 から事例 15 は、無形資産に関する取扱いを示すことを目的と

しており、具体的な独立企業間価格の算定方法を選択するために必要な前提条件までは設

定していない。

(Note) Please note that Cases 10 through 15 in Chapter 2 (1) are intended to illustrate

the treatment of intangible property, and do not extend to describing the preconditions

necessary for selecting a specific TPM.

《解説》

Explanation

1 法人又は国外関連者の利益水準の検討に当たっては、それが何によって生み出された

ものか、特に法人又は国外関連者が有する無形資産によるものかどうか検討する必要があ

る。

1. When considering the level of profit of the corporation or the foreign affiliate, it is

necessary to consider from what the profit arises, and in particular whether it arises

from the intangible property of the corporation or the foreign affiliate.

移転価格税制上、無形資産については、「著作権、基本通達 20‐1‐21 に定める工業所

有権等のほか、顧客リスト、販売網等の重要な価値のあるもの」と定義しているが(措置

法通達 66 の 4(2)‐3)、無形資産として「重要な価値」を有するかどうかの判断に当たっ

ては、国外関連取引の内容や法人及び国外関連者の活動・機能、市場の状況等を十分に検

討する必要がある。

Intangible property is defined, for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation, as

"copyrights, industrial properties prescribed by Basic Directive 20-1-21, and other

things having substantial value, such as customer lists and sales channels" (ASMT

Directive 66-4(2)-3). However, proper consideration must be given to the content of

transactions with the foreign affiliate, the activities and functions of the corporation

and the foreign affiliate, market conditions, and so forth when judging whether

something has "substantial value" as intangible property.

そこで、調査に当たっては、例えば、次に掲げる重要な価値を有し所得の源泉となるも

のを幅広く検討対象とし、国外関連取引にこれらの無形資産が関連しているか、また、所

得の源泉になっているかを総合的に勘案する必要がある(事務運営指針 2‐11 前段部分)。

When conducting examinations, therefore, a wide range of factors, including the

following as sources of income with substantial value, need to be examined and

comprehensive consideration should be given to whether such intangible property is

relevant to transactions with the foreign affiliate, and whether is a source of income

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(the first clause of Administrative Guidelines 2-11).

① 技術革新を要因として形成される特許権、営業秘密等

(i) Patents, trade secrets, and so forth created as a result of technical innovation

② 従業員等が経営、営業、生産、研究開発、販売促進等の企業活動における経験等を通

じて形成したノウハウ等

(ii) Know-how created through the experience of employees and other human resources

in management, trade operations, production, R&D, sales promotion, and other

business activities

③ 生産工程、交渉手順及び開発、販売、資金調達等に係る取引網等

(iii) Production processes, negotiation procedures, and trading networks relating to

development, sales, financing, and similar activities

なお、①は技術革新に関する無形資産、②は人的資源に関する無形資産、③は組織に関

する無形資産としてそれぞれ分類することができる。

Of the above, (i) may be categorized as intangible property related to technical

innovation, (ii) as intangible property related to human resources, and (iii) as intangible

property related to organizations.

(注)事務運営指針 2‐11 の前段部分は、無形資産が関係する取引が複雑・多様化してき

ていることから、調査に当たり、無形資産と法人が得る利益との関係を多角的に検討する

ため、無形資産の形態等に着目して分類したものであり、無形資産の定義を新たに設けた

ものではない。

(Note) Owing to the complexity and diversity of transactions involving intangible

property, the first clause of Administrative Guidelines 2-11 categorizes intangible

property according to its form in order to examine, from various perspectives, the

relationship between intangible property and the profit derived by a corporation. It does

not provide new definitions of intangible property.

また、法人又は国外関連者の有する無形資産が所得の源泉となっているかどうかの検討

に当たっては、例えば、国外関連取引の事業と同種の事業を営み、市場、事業規模等が類

似する法人のうち、所得の源泉となる無形資産を有しない法人を把握できる場合には、法

人又は国外関連者の国外関連取引に係る利益率等の水準と当該無形資産を有しない法人の

利益率等の水準との比較を行うとともに、法人又は国外関連者の無形資産の形成に係る活

動、機能等(例えば、本事例における研究開発や広告宣伝に係る活動・機能など)を十分

に分析する必要がある(事務運営指針 2‐11 後段部分)。

When considering whether the intangible property of the corporation or the foreign

affiliate serves as a source of income, if it is possible to identify, from among other

corporations of a similar size, a corporation for which intangible property does not serve

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as a source of income but that engages in the same category of business as that to which

the transaction with the foreign affiliate relates, and that is active in a similar market,

it is necessary to do the following: (i) Compare the level of factors such as the profit

margins of the corporation's or the foreign affiliate's transactions with the foreign

affiliate to those of a corporation without such intangible property; and (ii) Fully

analyze the activities and functions involved in the creation of the corporation's or the

foreign affiliate's intangible property (such as activities and functions relating to R&D

and advertising in the present case) (the second clause of Administrative Guidelines

2-11).

なお、国外関連取引の事業と同種の事業を営み、市場、事業規模等が類似し、所得の源

泉となる無形資産を有しない法人の把握については、基本的には事務運営指針 3‐5 に規定

する法人の選定を行う場合の手順によることとなる。ただし、この検討により得られる情

報は、所得の源泉となる無形資産が存在するかどうかを判断する際の要素の1つであるか

ら、当該法人の選定には必ずしも厳密な比較可能性が求められるものではない。

Corporations without intangible property that serves as a source of income but that

do business in the same category of business, are active in a similar market, and are of a

similar size to the business to which the transaction with the foreign affiliate relates,

are as a rule identified following the procedure for selection of a corporation prescribed

in Administrative Guidelines 3-5. However, as the information thus obtainable is one

factor for determining whether intangible property serves as a source of income,

rigorous comparability is not necessarily required for selecting such corporations.

2 こうした検討を経て、法人又は国外関連者の有する無形資産が、基本的活動のみを行

う法人との比較において、所得の源泉になっていると認められ、基本三法(基本三法と同

等の方法を含む。)が適用できない場合には、残余利益分割法を適用することができる。

2. If, when a corporation or a foreign affiliate is compared with corporations engaging

solely in basic activities, it is found that the intangible property of the corporation or the

foreign affiliate serves as a source of income, and that it is therefore not possible to

apply the traditional transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the

traditional transaction methods), the residual PS method may be applied.

この方法では、第1段階で「重要な無形資産を有しない非関連者間取引において通常得ら

れる利益に相当する金額を当該法人及び国外関連者それぞれに配分」し、第2段階で当該

配分した金額の残額を「当該法人又は国外関連者が有する当該重要な無形資産の価値に応

じて配分」することになる(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐5)。

This method consists of two stages: Firstly, "the amount corresponding to profit that

would normally arise from uncontrolled transactions in which substantial intangible

property is not involved is apportioned to the corporation and the foreign affiliate

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respectively"; and secondly, the remaining amount is "apportioned according to the

value of the substantial intangible property of the corporation or the foreign affiliate"

(ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5).

なお、広告宣伝活動のほか、原価低減等の活動・努力などは、ほとんどの企業が何らか

の形で行っており、基本的には、単にこうした活動・努力を行っているということのみで

は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、所得の源泉となる無形資産を形成して

いると直ちに認めることはできないことに留意する必要がある。

As well as advertising activities, almost all enterprises engage in some kind of action

or effort to, for instance, reduce costs, and thus it must be noted that it is not possible to

immediately judge that, in comparison to corporations engaging solely in basic activities,

a corporation or a foreign affiliate has substantial intangible property that serves as a

source of income simply on the basis of such actions or efforts,.

(参考)

移転価格税制上の無形資産は、措置法通達 66の 4(2)‐3の(8)において定義されているが、

次の表のとおり、OECD移転価格ガイドライン第6章(1996 年公表)に記述されている

無形資産の内容と同義である。

(Reference)

The definition of intangible property for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation in

ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-3-(8) are synonymous with the details of intangible property

described in Chapter 6 of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (published in 1996),

shown in the following table.

なお、米国の財務省規則§1.482‐4(b)の定義規定と比較した場合においても乖離するもの

ではない。

In addition, they do not diverge greatly from the definitions given in §1.482-4(b) of the

U.S. Treasury Regulations.

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(注)上記の比較表は、無形資産の定義項目等を分かりやすく羅列したものであり、各規

定の内容をそのまま引用したものではない。

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Comparison of definitions of intangible property

(Note) The above table does not quote directly from the respective sources, and is

intended simply to provide a simple side-by-side comparison for the definitions of

intangible property.

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【事例11】(販売網及び品質管理ノウハウに関する無形資産)

Case 11: Intangible property related to distribution channels and quality control

know-how

《ポイント》

Key point

グローバルな販売網や独自の品質管理ノウハウの取扱いに関する事例。

This case illustrates the treatment of global distribution channels and original

quality control know-how.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、20年前に製品Aの製造子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 20 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture

product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品A用の部品aを販売し、S社はX国内で原材料等を調達して製

品Aの製造を行い、製造した製品をすべてP社に販売している。

Company P sells part "a" for product A to company S, and company S procures raw

materials and other supplies in country X to manufacture product A, which it then sells

entirely to company P.

P社はS社から購入した製品Aを日本国内及び全世界で販売している。

Company P sells its purchases of product A from company S in Japan and throughout

the world.

製品Aの製造は装置産業的側面が強く、製造原価に占める固定費部分が大きいため、規

模の利益が得られる構造となっている。

As the manufacture of product A consists of typical process industry operations, fixed

costs account for a large proportion of the cost of manufacture and thus scale merit can

be realized.

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(法人の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation)

P社は、早くから海外展開を開始し、綿密な市場調査を行って世界各地で有望な販売市

場と見込まれた国に販売支店等を設置するとともに、自社販売拠点のない国でも代理店経

由で販売している。基本的活動のみを行う法人よりも広範に構築されたP社のグローバル

な販売網により、P社グループは全世界で高いマーケットシェアを確保している。

Company P was quick to establish operations overseas. It established sales branches

in countries around the world following detailed market research to identify the most

promising markets, and it also does business through agents in countries where it does

not have its own marketing operations. Its global distribution channels, which are more

broadly developed than that of corporations engaging solely in basic activities, have

given company P's business group a large global market share.

P社では、新規販売国を開拓して販売網をさらに拡張するため、営業企画部門が中心と

なって各国それぞれのマーケットニーズに適した営業戦略を策定している。

In order to further expand its distribution channels into new countries, its marketing

and sales promotion division leads the development of a business strategy suited to

market needs in each country.

(国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the foreign affiliate)

S社には製造部門とは別に品質管理部門が設けられており、S社の1割以上の社員が製

品Aの品質管理のための製品チェックや製造ラインの点検等を行っている。

Company S has a separate quality control division from its manufacturing division,

and over 10% of its workforce is engaged in checking products and inspecting production

lines in order to maintain the quality of product A.

S社の品質管理部門は、これまでの20年間の製造活動の中で発生した品質上の問題点と

その改善方法をノウハウとして蓄積しており、独自開発した検査技術や検査機器により製

造過程の主要段階で品質及び製造ライン自体をチェックし、製造過程に問題が生じた場合、

こうしたノウハウを基に直ちに改善を指示するなどの独自の品質管理体制を採っている。

Company S's quality control division has accumulated know-how on dealing with and

solving the quality problems that have arisen in the course of its 20 years of

manufacturing experience. Using its independently developed inspection techniques

and testing equipment, it checks quality and production lines at each of the key

manufacturing stages, and any problems that do occur in the process are immediately

rectified based on such know-how.

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このような品質管理体制により、検査効率が大幅に改善されるとともに、S社の仕損じ

品発生の減尐による製造原価の低減や製品Aに対する最終ユーザーからの製品クレームの

減尐により、故障の尐ない製品との評価が確立され、それが販売面での優位性を形成して

いる。

This unique quality control setup dramatically increases inspection efficiency, and

also reduces the cost of manufacture by reducing spoilage at company S and reduces

product complaints from end users concerning product A, which has consequently

acquired a reputation for reliability. As a result, a superior sales position has been

achieved.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例の国外関連取引については、P社が形成したグローバルな販売網により大量の販

売量を実現していること(製造原価は固定費の割合が高いために売上が伸びるほど多くの

利益が得られる)、S社が形成した独自の品質管理ノウハウにより製造原価における仕損

品発生損失を引き下げるとともに故障等の発生が尐ない点で販売面での優位性を築き上げ

たことが、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社及びS社の国外関連取引に

係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる。

Regarding the transactions with the foreign affiliate in this case, when the

corporation and the foreign affiliate are compared with corporations engaging solely in

basic activities, it is found that the attainment of high sales through the global

distribution channels created by company P (resulting in higher profit as sales increase

due to the high proportion of fixed costs in the cost of manufacture) and the

establishment of a superior sales position (as a result of reduction of loss due to spoilage

in the cost of manufacture and the lower incidence of faults thanks to company S's

original quality control know-how) serve as sources of income in their transactions with

the foreign affiliate.

《解説》

Explanation

無形資産に関する移転価格税制上の取扱いについては、【事例10】解説参照。

Regarding the transfer price taxation treatment of intangible property, see the

"Explanation" of Case 10.

基本的活動のみを行う法人を含め企業は通常何らかの販売網を有し、また、製造に当たっ

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ては何らかの品質管理を行っていると考えられ、販売網の存在や品質管理業務の実施が直

ちに基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっ

ていると認めることはできない。

Corporations ordinarily have some kind of distribution channel (even those engaging

solely in basic activities), and also engage in some form of quality control in

manufacturing, and so when the corporation and the foreign affiliate are compared with

corporations engaging solely in basic activities, the existence of distribution channels

and engagement in quality control alone cannot be immediately found to serve as

sources of income in a transaction with a foreign affiliate.

ただし、その販売網が他には見られない広範なものやユニーク(独自)なものであること、

また、品質管理ノウハウについても基本的活動のみを行う法人と比較した独自性があるこ

とにより、国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっている場合がある。

However, these may serve as sources of income in a transaction with a foreign affiliate,

if the distribution channels are broader and more unique or if quality control know-how

is more unique than that of corporations engaging solely in basic activities.

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【事例12】(従業員等の事業活動を通じて企業に蓄積されたノウハウ等の無形資産)

Case 12: Intangible property, such as know-how, accumulated by enterprises through

human resources' business activities

《ポイント》

Key point

従業員等の事業活動を通じて企業に蓄積されたノウハウ等の無形資産の取扱いに関する

事例。

This case illustrates the treatment of intangible property, such as know-how,

accumulated by enterprises through the business activities of employees and other

human resources.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は生産設備の製造販売会社であり、設立以来、日本及び世界各地で各種生

産設備に係る計画、設計、調達、建設、メンテナンス等を行ってきている。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of production facilities, and,

since its establishment, it has engaged in the planning, design, procurement,

construction, and maintenance of various kinds of production facilities in Japan and

around the world.

P社は、10年前にX国における設備建設の契約・実施主体として子会社であるX国法人S

社を設立し、S社はP社の支援を得て大型の生産設備の受注に成功した。

10 years previously, it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to enter

contracts for and implement construction of facilities in country X, and, with company

P's support, company S won an order for a large-scale production facility.

S社の事業は順調に推移して5年前に当該設備が完成し、その後の操業管理、メンテナンス

等の業務も請け負っている。

Company S's business has steadily grown, and it now operates and maintains this

facility, which was completed five years ago, under contract.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対し経営指導等の役務提供を行っている。

Company P provides services to company S, such as management guidance.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

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(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

(1) 情報収集及び受注に係る機能・活動等

(1) Functions and activities regarding information gathering and receipt of orders

P社は、世界各地に支店、駐在事務所等の情報収集拠点を置き、各地の生産設備の建設

計画に係る情報を収集、蓄積しており、当該情報の中からX国における大型の生産設備建

設計画を他社に先駆け把握した。

Company P has information gathering bases, including branches and liaison offices,

all over the world, so as to gather and accumulate information for planning the

construction of production facilities around the world. Thanks to these information

gathering bases, company P was able to learn of plans for construction of a large-scale

production facility in country X ahead of other companies.

また、P社の海外営業の担当者は、これまでの生産設備の製造販売活動を通じて築き上げ

た顧客との良好な関係や、受注交渉に係るノウハウ、事業の採算性に係る分析ノウハウ等

を蓄積している。

Its overseas sales representatives have also developed good relations with their clients

and have accumulated know-how on sales negotiations and analysis of project

profitability through the company's manufacture and sales activities of production

facilities to date.

S社は、P社が有するこれらの利点及びノウハウ等を最大限に活用し、P社の設計、機

器調達、建設等の各部署の担当者と連携しながらX国の顧客との折衝を重ねて受注獲得に

至った。

Company S makes a maximum use of company P's advantages and know-how, and,

working in collaboration with staff involved in design, equipment procurement, and

construction at company P, ultimately won an order after intensive negotiations with a

client in country X.

(2) 生産設備の建設、操業管理等に係る機能・活動等

(2) Functions and activities relating to construction and operational control of

production facilities

生産設備の設計、機器の選定・調達、建設計画の策定、施工業者の選定、施工管理等に

おける判断には、P社の各部署の担当者がこれまでの生産設備の製造販売活動を通じて蓄

積した独自のノウハウや取引網等が活用されている。

Use is made of company P's original know-how and trading networks, which its staff

in various divisions have developed through the manufacture and sale of production

facilities, in making decisions on the design of production facilities, selection and

procurement of equipment, formulation of construction plans, selection of construction

contractors, construction management, and so forth.

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また、S社が生産設備完成後に行う操業管理、メンテナンス等につき、P社が支援を行っ

ているが、当該支援にはP社がこれまでに実施してきたアフターサービス事業において蓄

積されたノウハウが活用されている。

Company P has also assisted company S with operational control and maintenance

since the completion of facilities, using know-how accumulated by company P through

its experience to date in providing after-sales service.

(3) P社がS社に対して行う事業判断等の内容

(3) Details of business decisions, etc. made by company P with respect to company S

S社は、P社の海外営業、設計、機器調達、建設、操業管理等の各部署の担当者と連絡

を取り、助言を受けた上で受注活動を行い、建設作業についてもP社から必要な指示、質

問に対する回答及び資料提供等を受けている。

Company S communicates with the staff at company P who are involved in overseas

business, design, equipment procurement, construction, and operational control, and

takes orders from clients after obtaining company P's advice. It also receives necessary

instructions, responds to inquiries, and obtains materials from company P regarding

construction work.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

S社がX国において行う大型生産設備の建設に係る情報収集・受注交渉、当該設備の設

計、建設、操業管理等に係る事業判断やリスク管理等に関し、P社はS社に役務の提供を

行っているが、これらがなければS社単独では事業は成り立たず、S社の事業の収益性を

左右する要素と認められる。

Company P provides company S with services related to information gathering and

sales negotiations for construction of large-scale production facilities by company S in

country X, as well as those regarding business decisions and risk management

concerning the design, construction, and operational control of such facilities. It is found

that these services affect company S's business profitability and that company S fully

depends on them in order to do business independently.

X国における大型生産設備関連事業の遂行に当たっては、P社がこれまで世界各地で

行った生産設備の製造販売活動から社員が個々に蓄積した事業判断やリスク管理に係るノ

ウハウ(生産設備事業関連ノウハウ)と、P社が有する情報網・交渉手順及び受注・機器

発注・建設・管理に係る取引網等が有機的に結びつき、上記の役務提供とともにP社から

組織的にS社に供与されることによって、当該事業の推進が可能となっている。

In engaging in business related to large-scale production facilities in country X,

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company S has the business judgment and risk management know-how (regarding the

production facility business) acquired to date by employees in the course of company P's

manufacture and sale of production facilities around the world, along with company P's

information network, negotiating procedures, and trading networks (for receipt of

orders, placement of orders for equipment, construction, and control, etc.). These

strengths are furnished as an integrated whole in conjunction with the above services to

enable company S's pursuit of the above project.

以上のことから、過去の事業経験からP社の社員が培ったノウハウとP社が有する情報

網、交渉手順、取引網等がS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められ

る。

In light of the above, it is found that the know-how developed by company P's

employees from past business experience, company P's information network,

negotiation procedures, trading networks, and so forth serve as a source of income in

company S's transactions with the foreign affiliate.

《解説》

Explanation

1 役務提供取引については、役務提供を行う際に無形資産を使用している場合には、無

形資産の使用に係る対価を考慮することとしている(事務運営指針 2‐8(1)本文)。

1. In the case of service transactions, consideration for use of intangible property needs

to be taken into account if intangible property is used in the provision of services (the

main clause of Administrative Guidelines 2-8(1)).

本事例のように、従業員等の事業活動を通じて企業に蓄積されたノウハウ等が役務の提

供に併せて一体的に供与される場合や、組織において形成された取引網、交渉手順等を通

じ、又は用いて役務の提供が行われる場合があることから、無形資産が役務提供を行う際

に使用されているかどうかについて調査を行う場合には、役務の提供と無形資産の使用は

概念的には別のものであることに留意し、当該役務の提供者が役務提供時に措置法通達の

4(2)‐3 の(8)に掲げる無形資産を用いているか、当該役務提供が当該役務の提供を受ける法

人の活動、機能等にどのような影響を与えているか等について検討を行う(事務運営指針 2

‐8(1)(注))。

If, as in the present case, an examination is made into whether intangible property is

used in the provision of services, such as when know-how, etc. accumulated by an

enterprise through its employees' business activities are furnished as an integral part of

the provision of services or services are provided through or using the trading networks,

negotiation procedures, etc. created in an organization, the following points should be

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noted: That the provision of services and use of intangible property are conceptually

distinct, and that consideration is to be given to whether the intangible property listed

in ASMT Directive 66-4(2)-3-(8) are used by the service provider in the provision of

services, and what impact the provision of such services has on the activities and

functions of the corporation receiving the services ((Note) to Administrative Guidelines

2-8(1)).

また、無形資産を伴う取引の調査に当たっては、無形資産が所得にどの程度寄与してい

るかについて幅広く検討するとしている(事務運営指針 2‐11)。

When examining transactions involving intangible property, wide-ranging

consideration must also be given to intangible property's contribution to income

(Administrative Guidelines 2-11).

(参考)事務運営指針 2‐11(抄)

(Reference) Administrative Guidelines 2-11 (extract)

調査に当たっては、例えば、次に掲げる重要な価値を有し所得の源泉となるものを幅広

く検討対象とし、総合的に勘案する必要がある。

2-11 When assessing, in examinations, how intangible property contributes to the

income of a corporation or a foreign affiliate, property, such as the following, that has

substantial value and serves as a source of income needs to be comprehensively

considered:

イ 技術革新を要因として形成される特許権、営業秘密等

(a) Patent rights and trade secrets derived from technical innovations.

ロ 従業員等が経営、営業、生産、研究開発、販売促進等の企業活動における経験等を

通じて形成したノウハウ等

(b) Know-how derived from experience of employees and other human resources

through business activities, such as management, trade operations, production, R&D,

and sales promotion.

ハ 生産工程、交渉手順及び開発、販売、資金調達等に係る取引網等

(c) Production processes, negotiation procedures, and development, distribution, and

financing networks.

(注) 役務提供を行う際に無形資産が使用されている場合の役務提供と無形資産の関係

については、事務運営指針2‐8(1)の注書きの規定に留意する。

(Note) Regarding the relationship between provision of services and intangible

property in cases where intangible property is used when providing services, please see

the Note to Administrative Guidelines 2-8(1).

2 このような検討の結果、従業員等の事業活動を通じて企業に蓄積されたノウハウ等が

法人から国外関連者に組織的に供与され、国外関連者の事業活動での重要な要素となり、

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基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になってい

る場合においては、これらは重要な無形資産と認められる。

2. If, when the corporation and foreign affiliate are compared with corporations

engaging solely in basic activities, it is thus found that the know-how accumulated by a

corporation through its employees' business activities is furnished organizationally by

the corporation to a foreign affiliate, and functions as a substantial element in the

foreign affiliate's business activities, serving as a source of income in the transactions

with a foreign affiliate, such know-how is regarded as substantial intangible property.

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【事例13】(無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献)

Case 13: Contributions to creation, maintenance, and development of intangible

property

《ポイント》

Key point

無形資産の形成・維持・発展に対する法人及び国外関連者の貢献の程度に関する事例。

This case illustrates the extent of the contributions of a corporation and a foreign

affiliate to the creation, maintenance, and development of intangible property.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社を中心とした研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造され

た製品である。

Product A is made through the use of original technology developed as a result of

R&D activities led by company P.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売している。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technologies) for product A to company S.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aを製造し、X国内の第三者の代理店数社に対し

て販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to produce product A, which it sells to

several third-party agents in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

製品Aの開発は、その大部分はP社の研究開発部門によって行われたが、S社にも約10

名の研究者が所属する製品開発部門があり、一部はS社の製品開発部門が担当した。

Development of product A was undertaken mostly by company P's R&D division.

However, company S also has a product development division with around 10

researchers, and some of the development work was undertaken by this division.

P社及びS社では、製品Aの発売後も性能改善等のための研究開発を続けている。

Company P and company S have continued to pursue R&D since the product's launch so

as to improve performance.

P社及びS社の間では、研究開発における研究開発方針の策定、具体的担当分野の割当

て、研究開発の進捗管理と継続(又は中止)の判断、研究者の業績評価等については、す

べてP社研究開発部門の業務管理担当が行うこととされており、S社の製品開発部門の業

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務は、P社の研究開発業務管理担当者の管理下で行われている。

At company P and company S, formulation of strategy in R&D, allocation of specific

fields of responsibility, management of progress on R&D, decisions on continuation (or

discontinuation), and assessment of researchers' performance are undertaken entirely

under the supervision of company P's R&D managers, and company S's product

development operations are supervised by R&D staff at company P.

製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、X国において一定のマーケッ

トシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売されている。

Product A has seen sales increase due to its unique technical performance, and it has

achieved a certain market share in country X, where it is sold at a largely stable price.

(特許権の取得等)

(Acquisition of patents)

製品AにはP社及びS社の研究開発の成果である独自技術が集約されており、日本にお

いてはP社名義で、X国においてはS社名義で、特許登録されている。

Product A is an aggregate of original technology developed as a result of R&D at

company P and company S. The technology is patented in company P's name in Japan,

and company S's name in country X.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例においては、特許権は、P社及びS社の双方が行った研究開発の成果であり、そ

れを使用して製造された製品Aの独自の技術性能が、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較

において、P社及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる。

In this case, the patents are the outcome of R&D undertaken by both company P and

company S, and, compared with in the case of corporations engaging solely in basic

activities, product A's resulting unique technical performance is found to be a source of

income in their transactions with the foreign affiliate.

本事例では、製品Aに係る特許権がP社とS社の双方の名義で登録されているが、その

形成・維持・発展に係る活動における双方の貢献の程度には違いがあり、P社は研究開発

活動の大部分と開発の意思決定及びリスク管理を行っており、S社は研究開発活動の一部

のみを行っている。

Although, in the present case, the patents for product A were registered in both

company P's and company S's names, differences in the extent of the contributions of

the two in the activities involved in their creation, maintenance, and development exist:

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company P undertook the greater part of R&D activities, decision-making on

development, and risk management, while company S performed only some of the R&D

activities.

したがって、P社とS社が行った製品Aに係る特許権の形成・維持・発展のためのこれ

らの活動・機能に着目して所得への貢献の程度を勘案することが適当と認められる(事務

運営指針2‐12)。

Accordingly, it is considered appropriate to take into account the extent of the

contributions to the income, focusing on these activities and functions for creating,

maintaining, and developing patents for product A undertaken by company P and

company S (Administrative Guidelines 2-12).

《解説》

Explanation

無形資産に関する移転価格税制上の取扱いについては、【事例10】解説参照。

Regarding the transfer pricing taxation treatment of intangible property, see the

"Explanation" of Case 10.

無形資産の法的所有者とその形成・維持・発展への貢献を行った者とが必ずしも一致し

ないケースも見受けられるため、無形資産の所得への貢献の程度を検討する場合には、無

形資産の法的な所有関係のみならず、無形資産の形成、維持又は発展への貢献の程度も勘

案することが必要である。また、実際の役務提供や費用負担の状況だけでなく、研究開発

に係る意思決定やリスク管理において法人又は国外関連者が果たした機能等を総合的に勘

案する必要がある(事務運営指針2‐12)。

As there are cases where the legal owner of intangible property and the parties

contributing to their creation, maintenance, and development are not necessarily the

same, it is necessary to consider not only the legal ownership of the intangible property,

but also the extent of contributions to their creation, maintenance, and development,

when considering the extent of intangible property's contribution to the income. It is

also necessary to take into overall account the function of the corporation or the foreign

affiliate in decision-making and risk management in R&D, as well as the actual

provision of services and burden of costs (Administrative Guidelines 2-12).

なお「意思決定」とは、具体的開発方針の策定・指示、意思決定のための情報収集等の

準備業務などを含む判断の要素であり、「リスク管理」とは、例えば、無形資産の形成等

の活動に内在するリスクを網羅的に把握し、継続的な進捗管理等の管理業務全般を行うこ

とによってこれらのリスクを一元的に管理する業務等である。

"Decision-making" refers to judgmental and decision-making elements, including the

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formulation and direction of concrete development strategy and preparatory work, such

as information gathering for decision-making. "Risk management" consists of the

comprehensive identification of risks inherent to activities such as the creation of

intangible property, and the management of these risks in an integrated fashion

through overall and continued control of progress.

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【事例14】(無形資産の形成費用のみ負担している場合の取扱い)

Case 14: Treatment in cases where a corporation only bears the cost of creation of

intangible property

《ポイント》

Key point

国外関連者が、法人の研究開発費用の一部を負担している場合において、その費用負担

と無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献との関係に関する事例。

This case illustrates the relationship between the burden of costs and the

contribution to the creation, maintenance, and development of intangible property in

the case that a foreign affiliate bears a portion of the cost of R&D undertaken by a

corporation.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original technology and techniques developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technology) for product A to company S, and also licenses to company S patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of R&D activities

by company P) for manufacturing product A.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国内の第三者の代理店数社

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に対して販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

sells to several third-party agents in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発活動の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたら

し、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売

されている。

Product A, which is an outcome of company P's R&D activities, has seen sales

increase due to its unique technical performance, and it has secured a certain market

share in country X, where it is sold at a largely stable price.

S社が行う製品Aの製造は、P社から供与されたP社の独自技術に基づいて行われてい

る。

Product A is produced by company S based on original technologies originating from

and provided by company P.

S社は、研究開発部門を設置しておらず、研究開発活動を行っていないが、P社が行っ

ている製品Aの品質向上や製造ライン改良等に係る研究開発費用の一部を負担している。

Company S has no R&D divisions and does not engage in any R&D activities.

However, it does bear part of the cost of R&D undertaken by company P to raise the

quality of product A and improve the production line.

しかし、研究開発方針の決定やリスク管理はすべてP社が行い、S社はその決定等に関与

していない。

However, decisions on R&D strategy and risk management are undertaken entirely by

company P without company S's involvement.

また、研究開発の結果としての特許権等はすべてP社が登録することとされており、S社

は特許権等を保有していない。

Patents that resulted from R&D are also all registered by company P, and company S

has no patents.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

製品Aは、P社の行う研究開発活動の成果である独自技術を使用して製造された製品で

あり、その独自の技術性能が基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社及びS社

の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる。

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Product A is made through the use of original technology and techniques developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities, and, compared with in the case of corporations

engaging solely in basic activities, its original technical performance is found to serve as

a source of income in company P's and company S's transactions with the foreign

affiliate.

本事例においては、S社は、既に独自技術が形成された製品Aの品質向上や製造ライン

改良等の研究開発費用の一部を負担しているが、研究開発業務を行う部署は存在せず、当

該研究開発に係る機能を果たしていない。

In this case, although company S bears part of the cost of R&D to raise the quality of

product A (which is produced using previously-created original technology and

techniques) and to improve the production line, it has no divisions involved in R&D and

plays no role in the R&D.

以上より、P社の研究開発活動は無形資産の形成・維持・発展に貢献していると認めら

れるが、S社の当該無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献は低いものと認められる。

Thus, while company P's R&D activities contribute to the creation, maintenance, and

development of intangible property, company S's contribution to the creation,

maintenance, and development of these properties is found to be low.

《解説》

Explanation

無形資産に関する移転価格税制上の取扱いについては、【事例10】解説参照。

Regarding the transfer pricing taxation treatment of intangible property, see the

"Explanation" of Case 10.

無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献の程度を検討するに当たっては、当該無形資産の

形成・維持・発展のための意思決定、役務の提供、費用の負担及びリスクの管理において

果たした機能等を勘案する必要がある(事務運営指針2‐12)。

When considering the extent of the contribution to the creation, maintenance, and

development of intangible property, it is necessary to take account of the roles played

and functions performed in decision-making, provision of services funding of costs, and

risk control toward the creation, maintenance, and development of the intangible

property (Administrative Guidelines 2-12).

本事例においては、研究開発活動に係る機能を果たす者と費用の負担者が一致していな

いことから、S社の費用負担をもって、そのまま無形資産の形成・維持・発展に貢献して

いるものと取り扱うことはできない。

In this case, as the parties involved in R&D activities and the parties bearing the cost

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do not coincide, it is not possible to simply treat the cost borne by company S as its

contribution to the creation, maintenance, and development of intangible property.

所得の源泉となる見通しが高い無形資産の形成・維持・発展において、単にその費用を負

担しているのみでは、貢献の程度は低いものとなる(事務運営指針2‐12)。

If a company only bears the cost of the creation, maintenance, and development of

intangible property that is highly likely to serve as a source of income, the level of its

contribution is considered to be low (Administrative Guidelines 2-12).

なお、仮に本事例において、S社が別に重要な無形資産を有しているとの前提条件を置

いた上で、残余利益分割法の適用が妥当と認められる場合には、このような研究開発の機

能を伴わない単なる費用負担については、残余利益の分割要因とはならず、他の一般的な

費用と同じように基本的利益の算定の中で考慮されることとなる(残余利益の分割要因に

ついては、【事例22】参照。)。

It must be noted that even if, in this case, it is found to be appropriate to apply the

residual PS method, assuming company S to have separate substantial intangible

property, the simple bearing of costs without performing an R&D function would not

constitute a factor for splitting residual profit, and would be taken into consideration in

the calculation of the basic profit in the same manner as other general expenses.

(Regarding the factors for splitting residual profit, see Case 22.)

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【事例15】(出向者が使用する法人の無形資産)

Case 15: Intangible property of a corporation used by employees on loan

《ポイント》

Key point

法人の社員が国外関連者に出向し、法人の無形資産を使用して業務を行う場合の法人の

貢献に関する事例。

This case illustrates the contribution of a corporation in cases where it loans

employees to a foreign affiliate and its intangible property is used in business.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社は、過去にS社に製品A用の部品を販売していたが、現在は、S社が原材料等をす

べてX国内で現地調達して製品Aの製造を行い、X国の小売店約200社に対して製品Aを販

売している。

Although company P used to sell parts for product A to company S, company S

presently manufactures product A by purchasing all its raw materials and other

supplies locally within country X, and sells product A to approximately 200 retailers in

country X.

ただし、日本国内向けの製品AについてはP社が自ら製造販売している。

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However, supplies of product A for the Japanese market are manufactured and sold

by company P itself.

P社は、S社に対して、製造技術担当として5名、営業企画担当として5名のP社社員

を出向させている。

Company P loans 10 employees to company S, five of whom are responsible for

production engineering, and five for marketing and sales promotion.

製造技術担当の出向者は、いずれもP社の技術開発部門において新たな製造技術の開発

等の業務に従事し、高度な技術開発知識や経験を有しており、この出向はP社が有する製

造ノウハウをS社に提供するために行われている。

The production engineering employees on loan are all employed in fields such as

development of production techniques in company P's technical development division,

and have advanced knowledge on and experience in technical development. They are

loaned to company S to provide access to company P's production know-how.

S社は、P社からの出向者の指導の下、P社が有する製造ノウハウを用いて製造技術部

門の製造ラインの改善等を行った結果、効率的製造により、低い製造原価が実現されてい

る。

As a result of improvements made to the production line in the production

engineering division of company S under the guidance of employees on loan from

company P and employing company P's manufacturing know-how, company S has

achieved a low cost of manufacture through more efficient manufacturing.

なお、S社製造技術部門には、P社からの出向者5名のほか、補助的業務を行うだけで

特に高度な技術的知識を有していない現地社員が在籍している。

As well as the five loan employees from company P, company S's production

engineering division also employs local employees. These perform only auxiliary work,

and do not have a particularly high level of technical knowledge.

S社製造技術部門のP社からの出向者は、業務を行うに当たって、従前所属していたP

社技術開発部門の同僚研究者に資料提供を依頼したり、アドバイスを受けたりするため、

メールやFAX等でP社と頻繁に連絡を取り合っている。

Company P's employees loaned to company S's production engineering division

communicate frequently with company P by email and fax in the course of their work to

request materials from fellow researchers in company P's technology development

division and to obtain advice.

なお、営業企画担当の出向者は、高度なマーケティング知識や営業知識を有しておらず、

S社の営業企画部門の現地社員の指示の下、定型業務を行っている。

The employees on loan who are involved in marketing and sales promotion do not

have advanced marketing or sales knowledge, and perform routine work under the

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direction of local employees in company S's marketing and sales promotion division.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例においては、P社からの製造技術担当出向者が行うS社従業員に対する指導に

よって、S社は効率的な製造活動が可能となり低い製造原価を実現していることから、P

社が有する製造ノウハウは、基本的な活動のみを行う法人との比較において、S社の国外

関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる。

As in this case company S is able to engage in more efficient manufacturing and

achieve a lower cost of manufacture as a result of guidance received by its employees

from production engineers on loan from company P, it is found that company P's

manufacturing know-how serves as a source of income in company S's transactions with

the foreign affiliate, when company P and company S are compared with corporations

engaging solely in basic activities.

この場合において、当該製造ノウハウはP社のこれまでの製造技術の開発活動により形成

されたものであり、それがP社からS社への出向者を介して供与されていると認められる。

In this case, it is found that this manufacturing know-how resulted from company P's

past activities in developing production techniques, and that this is furnished by

company P to company S via the employees on loan.

一方、営業企画担当の出向者は、営業やマーケティングに関する高度な能力、知識等を

P社在籍中の業務を通じて身につけていない段階であり、P社で形成されたマーケティン

グ上のノウハウなどの無形資産の供与がS社に対して行われているとは認められない。

On the other hand, the loan employees responsible for marketing and sales promotion

have not yet to acquire advanced abilities and knowledge concerning sales and

marketing through their work at company P, and so intangible property such as

marketing know-how created by company P is not found to be furnished to company S.

《解説》

Explanation

無形資産に関する移転価格税制上の取扱いについては、【事例10】解説参照。

Regarding the transfer pricing taxation treatment of intangible property, see the

"Explanation" of Case 10.

親会社が海外子会社に自社社員を出向させ、その社員を通じて親会社が形成・維持・発

展した無形資産を国外関連者に供与し、その供与された無形資産が、基本的活動のみを行

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う法人との比較において、国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められる場合

には、当該無形資産の形成・維持・発展への貢献は親会社側にあることとなる。

If it is found that a parent company loans its own employees to an overseas subsidiary,

that intangible property created, maintained, and developed by the parent company is

furnished to a foreign affiliate via these employees, and that the furnished intangible

property serve as a source of income when the corporation and the foreign affiliate are

compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities, then the contribution to

the creation, maintenance, and development of this intangible property is on the side of

the parent company.

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(2) 利益分割法の適用に当たり共通的な留意事項に関する事例

(2) Cases illustrating general points to note when applying the profit split method

【事例16】(連鎖取引における利益分割法の適用範囲)

Case 16: Scope of applying the profit split method to chain transactions

《ポイント》

Key point

取引が連鎖している場合において、複数の国外関連者をまとめて利益分割法の適用対象

に含めることが妥当と認められる事例。

This case illustrates a series of transactions with a foreign affiliate in which it is

found to be appropriate to aggregate plural foreign affiliates within the scope of

applying the profit split method.

《前提条件》

Preconditio

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

日本法人P社は、製品A及び製品Bの製造販売会社であり、X国及びY国に製品Aの製

造販売子会社等としてそれぞれSX社及びSY社を、Z国に製品Bの製造販売子会社とし

てSZ社を有している。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of products A and B. It has

companies SX and SY as subsidiaries to manufacture and sell product A in country X

and country Y, respectively, and it has also company SZ as a subsidiary to manufacture

and sell product B in country Z.

製品A及び製品Bは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造され

た製品である。

Product A and product B are made through the use of original techniques and

technology developed as a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

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(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

X国法人SX社は、P社から部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要製品)を購入す

るとともに、特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動により生み出された独自技術)

の使用許諾を受けて製品Aを製造しているが、生産能力が不足しているため、一部SY社

(後述)から半製品bの形で購入して製品Aに加工している。

Company SX in country X purchases part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of

company P's original technologies), and also manufacturers product A using licensed

patents and manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities). As it has insufficient production capacity, however, it also

purchases semi-finished product "b" from company SY (described below) and processes

it into product A.

SX社は製品Aを自社の販売部門を通じてX国内で第三者の小売店に販売している。

Company SX sells product A to third-party retailers in country X through its own sales

division.

Y国法人SY社は、同じくP社から部品aを購入するとともに、特許権及び製造ノウハ

ウの使用許諾を受け、製品A製造のために必要となる半製品bを製造しており、これをす

べて関連者SX社に販売している。

Company SY in country Y similarly purchases part "a" from company P and, using

licensed patents and manufacturing know-how, manufactures semi-finished product

"b," which is required to manufacture product A and is sold entirely to an affiliated

party, company SX.

Z国法人SZ社は、同じくP社から部品aを購入するとともに、特許権及び製造ノウハ

ウの使用許諾を受けて製品Bを製造しており、これを自社の販売部門を通じてZ国内で第

三者の小売店に販売している。なお、製品Bは、形状・用途・販路等の点で製品Aと相違

がある。

Company SZ in country Z similarly purchases part "a" from company P and, using

licensed patents and manufacturing know-how, manufactures product B, which it sells

to third-party retailers in country Z through its own sales division. (Product B differs

from product A in several respects, including shape, usage, and sales channels.)

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

製品A及び製品Bは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、X国及びZ国にお

いて一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売されている。

Product A and product B have seen sales rise owing to their original technical

performance, and have acquired a certain market share in country X and country Z,

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where they are sold at a largely stable price.

SX社、SY社及びSZ社はいずれも研究開発部門を有しておらず、製品A、半製品b

及び製品Bの製造は、P社から供与されたP社の独自技術に基づいて行っている。

Companies SX, SY, and SZ have no R&D divisions, and product A, semi-finished

product "b," and product B are all manufactured based on techniques and technologies

originating from and furnished by company P.

一方、SX社及びSZ社は、それぞれ多くの営業担当者を有して活発な営業活動を行うと

ともに、大規模な広告宣伝・販売促進活動を行っており、それぞれの国内において基本的

活動のみを行う法人に比較して、販売面で優位な立場を築き上げている。

On the other hand, companies SX and SZ each have numerous sales representatives

and actively engage in sales activities, and they also engage in large-scale advertising

and sales promotion activities, putting them in a superior sales position, compared with

corporations engaging solely in basic activities, in each of these countries.

なお、SY社は、製造する半製品bすべてをSX社に対して販売するため、営業活動等

を行っていない。

Company SY sells its entire output of semi-finished product "b" to company SX, and

does not engage in any sales activities.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

P社とSX社間の部品aの販売取引及び特許権等の使用許諾取引については、基本三法

及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等につ

いては【事例1】参照。)。

After considering the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

could be found for the sale of part "a" and licensing of patents between company P and

company SX. (Regarding consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction

methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods), see

Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, were therefore considered, yielding the

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following results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods (including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods), see Case 1.)

P社及びSX社は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、国外関連取引に係る

所得の源泉となる無形資産を有していると認められることから本事例においては、P社と

SX社間の取引について、残余利益分割法を適用することが妥当と認められる(P社とS

Y社及びSZ社との間の各取引において、基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法等の適用の

可否については同じ。)。

・ When company P and company SX are compared with corporations engaging solely in

basic activities, the application of the residual PS method to the transactions between

the two companies is found to be appropriate due to their having intangible property

serving as a source of income in the transactions with a foreign affiliate. (The same

applies regarding the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and methods

equivalent to the traditional transaction methods in the case of each of the transactions

between company P and companies SY and SZ.)

また、P社とSY社間の部品aの販売取引、特許権等の使用許諾取引及びSY社とSX

社間の半製品bの販売取引は、いずれもSX社が販売する製品Aの製造に係る一連の連鎖

取引であることから、これらを一体として検討することが合理的であると考えられる。

・ It is also found reasonable to consider the sale of product "a" and licensing of patents

and manufacturing know-how between company P and company SY, and the sale of

semi-finished product "b" between company SY and company SX, as a single unit,

because they all constitute chain transactions relating to the manufacture of product A

that is sold by company SX.

以上の状況から、本事例におけるP社、SX社及びSY社間の取引については、P社、

SX社及びSY社の3社を利益分割対象とする残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を

算定することが妥当と認められる。

・ Given the above circumstances, it is found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's

length price by applying the residual PS method to the split profit of company P,

company SX, and company SY from transactions between the three companies in this

case.

なお、この残余利益分割法の適用に当たり、SY社は重要な無形資産を有していないと

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認められることから、SY社には基本的利益のみが配分されることとなる。

(When applying the residual PS method here, only the basic profit is allocated to

company SY, as it is found that company SY does not have any substantial intangible

property.)

他方、P社とSZ社間の部品aの販売取引及び特許権等の使用許諾取引は、製品Aとは

異なる製品Bの製造に係る取引であり、P社とSX社間の取引とは別個に検討する必要が

ある。

・ On the other hand, the sale of part "a" and licensing of patents and manufacturing

know-how between company P and company SZ are transactions involving product B,

which, being a different product from product A, makes it necessary to consider such

transactions separately from transactions between company P and company SX.

P社及びSZ社の有する無形資産は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社

とSZ社との間の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっていると認められることから、P

社とSZ社間の取引については、P社及びSZ社の2社を対象に残余利益分割法を適用し独

立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含

む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参照。)。

As company P's and company SZ's intangible property is found to be a source of income

in transactions with the foreign affiliate that are conducted between company P and

company SZ when these companies are compared with corporations engaging solely in

basic activities, it is found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's length price by

applying the residual PS method to the transactions between the two companies.

(Regarding consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods,

including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

《解説》

Explanation

利益分割法の適用に当たり、複数の国外関連者の間で一連の取引(連鎖取引)が行われ

ている場合、これらを対象範囲に含めるか否かについては、一つの製品に係る一連の取引

かどうか等により判断され、連鎖する関連取引が独立企業間価格での取引でないと認めら

れる場合には、国外関連取引に係る分割対象利益の計算に影響するため、原則的には、非

関連者間取引に挟まれる関連取引全体を検討対象にする必要がある(例外については【事

例17】参照。)。

When applying the PS method, whether a series of transactions (i.e., chain

transactions) among multiple foreign affiliates should be included within the scope of

applying this method is determined according to whether, for instance, they constitute a

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series of transactions involving a single product. If it is found that a series of

transactions among the foreign affiliates are not conducted at the arm's length price,

this will affect the calculation of profit to be split that is arising from transactions with

the foreign affiliates. As a rule, therefore, it is necessary to consider transactions with

affiliates sandwiched between uncontrolled transactions as a whole. (For an exception,

see Case 17.)

なお、連鎖する取引をすべて利益分割法の適用対象範囲に含め、残余利益分割法を適用

する場合において、その中に重要な無形資産を有しない関連者が含まれるときには、当該

関連者にはその機能に応じた基本的利益のみが配分されることとなる。

In the case of applying the residual PS method by including a whole series of

transactions in the scope of applying the PS method, and when these include affiliates

that do not have any substantial intangible property, only the basic profit is allocated to

these affiliates, according to the functions performed respectively by them.

(参考)

(Reference)

独立企業間価格の算定は、原則として、個別の取引ごとに行うのであるが、例えば、国

外関連取引について、同一の製品グループに属する取引等を考慮して価格設定が行われて

おり、独立企業間価格についてもこれらの単位で算定することが合理的であると認められ

る場合や、生産用部品の販売取引とそれに係る製造ノウハウの使用許諾取引等が一体とし

て行われており、独立企業間価格についても一体として算定することが合理的であると認

められる場合には、これらの取引を一の取引として独立企業間価格を算定することができ

ることとしている(措置法通達 66 の 4(3)‐1)。

Although calculations of the arm's length price, as a rule, are performed for each

individual transaction, it is possible to calculate the arm's length price by treating

plural transactions with a foreign affiliate as a single transaction if, for instance, prices

are set taking into consideration transactions belonging to the same product group and

it is found to be reasonable to calculate the arm's length price for these same units, or if

the sale of a part for production and licensing of related manufacturing know-how are

undertaken as a single package and it is found to be reasonable to calculate the arm's

length price as a single unit as well (ASMT Directive 66-4(3)-1).

この規定は、複数の国外関連取引がある場合に、独立企業間価格の算定上合理的と認めら

れるときには、それらを 1 つの取引単位として取り扱うことができることを述べたもので

ある。

These provisions state that plural transactions with a foreign affiliate may be treated as

a single transaction unit where it is found to be reasonable from the point of view of

calculating the arm's length price.

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この取扱いに従って独立企業間価格の算定単位として合理的と判断されたそれぞれの取

引単位について、法令の規定に従い独立企業間価格の算定方法の適用の検討を行うことと

なる。

Regarding each of the transaction units that it is judged may reasonably be used as

units to calculate the arm's length price in accordance with this treatment, applicable

TPMs are to be considered as prescribed by law.

その結果、基本三法を適用するための比較対象取引が見いだせないこと等により、利益分

割法を適用する場合には、上記の解説に留意して利益分割法の対象範囲を決めることとな

る。

If, as a result, the PS method is applied due to the absence of comparable transactions

for applying the traditional transaction methods, the scope of applying the PS method is

determined taking note of the above "Explanation."

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【事例17】(利益分割法の適用範囲から除くことのできる取引)

Case 17: Transactions that may be excluded from the scope of application of the profit

split method

《ポイント》

Key point

取引が連鎖している場合において、通常の取引価格で取引が行われていると認められる

国外関連取引を利益分割法の適用対象から除くことが可能な事例。

This case illustrates how a transaction with a foreign affiliate that is found to have

occurred at the ordinary transaction price can be excluded from the scope of application

of the PS method, where there is a series of transactions with foreign affiliates.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、X国に製品Aの製造子会社であるX国

法人SX社、Y国に製品Aの販売子会社であるY国法人SY社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and it has

established two subsidiaries: company SX in country X to manufacture product A in

country X, and company SY in country Y to sell product A in country Y.

製品Aは、P社を中心とした研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造され

た製品である。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technologies developed

as a result of R&D activities led by company P.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)をSX社に販売す

るとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動により生

み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

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technologies) for product A to company SX, and it also licenses to company SX patents

and manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of company P's

R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

SX社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、製造した製品をY国のSY

社のほか、他国(数カ国)の第三者の総代理店に輸出販売している。

Company SX combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

exports to company SY in country Y and also to third-party sole agents in several other

countries.

なお、当該製品はX国内では販売していない。

Product A is not sold in country X.

SY社は、SX社の総代理店としてSX社から輸入した製品AをY国の第三者の代理店

10数社向けに販売している。

Company SY sells product A, which it imports from company SX as company SX's sole

agent in country Y, to a dozen or so third-party agents in the country.

SX社の製品Aの販売数量等は、SY社向けと各国の総代理店向けとで大きな違いはな

く、その販売価格は、概ね同様に設定され、Y国及び他国での小売価格にも大きな差はな

い。

The volume of product A sold by company SX to company SY and that to the sole

agents in each of the other countries do not differ markedly. The selling price is largely

set in the same way, and there is no marked difference in the retail prices in country Y

and in the other countries.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

P社の研究開発活動の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたら

し、Y国及び他国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価

格で販売されている。

Product A, which is the result of company P's R&D activities, has seen sales increase

due to its original technical performance, and it has secured a certain market share in

country Y and other countries, where it is sold at a largely stable price.

SX社も技術者10名程度から成る技術開発部門を有して、製品Aに係る一部の開発業務

を行っており、P社の研究開発と合わせて製品Aの独自の技術・性能の実現に貢献してい

る。

Company SX also has a technical development division consisting of around 10

engineers, and performs some of the development for product A, contributing to

achieving product A's unique technical performance in conjunction with R&D at

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company P.

なお、SX社の販売機能は、各国の総代理店に対する単純な営業活動である。

Company SX's sales function consists simply of marketing directed at sole agents in

each country.

SY社の販売機能は、単純な再販売機能である。

Company SY's sales function is simply that of resale.

(SY社の損益状況等)

(Status of profit and loss at company SY)

Y国と他国(数カ国)を含む地域は、経済水準等が比較的類似している。

In the regions in which country Y and those several other countries are located,

economic levels are comparatively similar.

SY社及び他国の総代理店は、規模や業務内容等の面でそれぞれほぼ同様であり、利益

率も概ね3~4%と同程度である。

Company SY and the sole agents in other countries are almost the same in terms of

scale and category of business, and their profit margins are all around 3%-4%.

なお、これは各国における同業種企業の平均的な利益率の水準である4%と比較して、ほ

ぼ同水準となっている。

This is about the same level (4%) as among other enterprises in the same industry in

these countries.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引

を見いだすことができない(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の

検討等については【事例1】参照)。

After consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

can be found. (Regarding consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction

methods, including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, see Case

1).

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

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methods equivalent to such other methods are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction method, see Case 1).

P社及びSX社は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、P社及びSX社の国

外関連取引に係る所得の源泉となっている無形資産を有していると認められることから、

本事例におけるP社とSX社間の取引については、残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価

格を算定することが妥当と認められる。

・ When they are compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities,

company P and company SX are found to have intangible property serving as a source of

income in the transactions with the foreign affiliate that they conduct. Regarding

transactions between corporation P and company SX, therefore, it is found to be

appropriate to calculate the arm's length price by applying the residual PS method.

SX社とSY社間の関連者間取引の取扱いについては、

・ Regarding the treatment of controlled transactions between company SX and

company SY, no problems are found for transfer pricing taxation, owing to:

① SX社が他国の非関連者(総代理店)と行う取引と同様の価格設定が行われている

(i) Prices being set similarly to transactions engaged in by company SX with

non-affiliates (sole agents) in other countries; and

② SY社の利益水準は業界平均的な利益水準と同水準であり、また、SX社が同様の取

引を行っている他国の非関連者と同程度である

(ii) Company SY's profit level being the same as the industry average, and around the

same as that of non-affiliates in other countries with which company SX engages in

similar transactions.

ことから、移転価格税制上の問題があるとは認められないため、SX社とSY社間の取引

を利益分割法の適用対象範囲から除いて、P社とSX社のみを対象に残余利益分割法を適

用することが可能である。

・ It is therefore possible to apply the residual PS method to only transactions between

company P and company SX, and to exclude transactions between company SX and

company SY from the scope of application of the PS method.

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《解説》

Explanation

利益分割法の適用に当たっては、連鎖する関連者間取引が独立企業間価格による取引で

ない場合には、国外関連取引に係る分割対象利益の計算に影響するため、原則的には非関

連者間取引に挟まれる法人と国外関連者間又は国外関連者同士の取引を検討対象にする必

要がある。

When applying the PS method, if a series of controlled transactions does not occur at

the arm's length price, this will affect the calculation of the profit to be split arising from

transactions with the foreign affiliates. Therefore, it is necessary in principle to consider

transactions between the corporation and its foreign affiliates and transactions among

foreign affiliates as being sandwiched between uncontrolled transactions.

ただし、連鎖する関連者間取引がある場合であっても、業界平均的な利益水準の比較な

どの検証に基づき移転価格税制上の問題があるとは認められない場合や、取引規模が尐額

のために国外関連取引に係る分割対象利益の計算に与える影響が小さいと認められる場合

には、利益分割の対象範囲に含めないこととしても差し支えない。

Even in the case of a series of controlled transactions, however, such transactions

need not be included within the scope of profit splitting, if, for instance, no transfer

pricing taxation problems are found in light of a comparison of average profit levels in

the industry, or if transactions are of low value and so would have little impact on the

calculation of the profit to be split arising from the transactions with the foreign

affiliates.

これらの判断に当たっては、事務運営指針2‐1、2‐2等を基に検討していくこととなる。

A decision on what to do in such cases is made on the basis of Administrative Guidelines

2-1 and 2-2, and other relevant provisions.

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【事例18】(分割対象利益の算出)

Case 18: Calculation of profit to be split

《ポイント》

Key point

利益分割法における分割対象利益の算出に関する事例。

This case illustrates the calculation of profit to be split when applying the PS method.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、日本国内で製品Aを販売しており、10

年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であるX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, which it sells in

Japan. 10 years previously, it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to

manufacture and sell product A.

S社は、製品Aの製造販売のほかに、X国内のメーカーから製品Bを仕入れてX国内の

ユーザーに販売している。

In addition to manufacturing and selling product A, company S purchases inventories

of product B from a manufacturer in country X, which it sells to users in country X.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造されている。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technologies developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

In addition to selling part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

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technologies) for product A to company S, company P licenses to company S patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of company P's

R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

S社は、多数の営業担当者を雇用して様々な販売促進活動を行うほか、X国内で大規模

な広告宣伝活動を行っている。

Company S engages in various sales promotion activities employing numerous sales

representatives, and also engages in large-scale advertising activities in country X.

製品Aは、製品そのものの独自の技術性能、広告宣伝・販売促進活動を通じた高い製品

認知度や充実した取扱い小売店舗網等により、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確

保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売されている。

Product A has secured a certain market share in country X thanks to the unique

technical performance of the product itself, along with its high product recognition and

the well-developed retailer network through which it is sold (built up through

advertising and sales promotion activities) at a largely stable price.

(その他)

(Other conditions)

P社の社内組織は、部品aや製品Aを製造する製造部門のほか、研究開発部門、製品A

の国内販売に係る営業部門、一般管理部門に区分されている。

Internally, company P is organized into a production division that manufactures part

"a" and product A, together with an R&D division, a sales division responsible for

marketing product A domestically, and a general administration division.

P社及びS社の損益資料は、以下のとおりである。

Profit and loss data for company P and company S is as follows:

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《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、いずれの国外

関連取引(部品a販売取引及び特許権等の使用許諾取引)に対しても比較対象取引を見い

Operating income Operating income

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だすことができず、これらの方法は適用することはできない(基本三法(基本三法に同等

の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参照。)。

Having considered the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

for any of the transactions with the foreign affiliate (sale of part "a" and licensing of

patents and manufacturing know-how) can be found, making it impossible to apply

these methods. (Regarding consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods, including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods, see Case 1).

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods or methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

P社及びS社は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、国外関連取引に係る所

得の源泉となっている無形資産を有していると認められることから、本事例においては、

残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる。

・ When they are compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities,

company P and company S are found to have intangible property serving as a source of

income in transactions with the foreign affiliate. In the present case, therefore, it is

found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's length price by applying the residual PS

method.

このため、P社及びS社それぞれの全社損益から国外関連取引に係る損益を抽出して営

業利益の金額を計算し、残余利益分割法の適用に必要な分割対象利益を以下のように算出

する。

・ The amount of operating income is therefore calculated by extracting profit and loss

on transactions with the foreign affiliate from the overall profit and loss of company P

and company S respectively, and the profit to be split necessary for applying the

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residual PS method is calculated as follows.

(P社とS社との間の国外関連取引に係るP社の損益)

(Company P's profit and loss from the transactions with its foreign affiliate that are

conducted between company P and company S)

P社の全社損益から国外関連取引に係る損益を計算するために、P社製造部門の売上総

利益を原価計算データ等により、①S社向け部品aに係る部分(部品 a 売上高 35-部品 a

売上原価 25=10)と②国内販売向け製品Aに係る部分(製品A売上高 200-製品A売上原

価 95=105)に区分する。

In order to calculate the profit and loss on the transactions with the foreign affiliate

from among company P's entire profit and loss, gross profit on sales of company P's

manufacturing division is divided into (i) gross profit relating to part "a" destined for

company S (sales of part "a" (35) – cost of sales of part "a" (25) = 10) and (ii) gross profit

relating to product A destined for domestic sale (sales of product A (200) – cost of sales

of product A (95) = 105) based on cost accounting data, etc.

P社の研究開発部門の費用については、直接配賦されるものを除き適切な按分基準によ

り①又は②に配賦する必要があるが、関連者間取引であるS社に対する部品aの売上高 35

を基準に用いるのは適当ではなく、例えば、製品Aの日本向け売上 200 とX国向け売上 110

などを用いることが適当である。

The expenses of company P's R&D division need to be allocated proportionally to (i) or

(ii) based on appropriate criteria, excluding expenses that are allocated directly.

However, it is not appropriate to use sales of part "a" to company S (35), which is a

controlled transaction; rather, it is appropriate to use, for instance, sales of product A to

Japan (200) and to country X (110) as criteria.

また、販売費及び一般管理費については、まず、個別に①又は②に関係付けられるもの

は個別に配賦(製品A販売費 48 と部品a販売費 2)し、共通費用については、例えば、P

社のS社向け部品aの売上原価 25 とP社の日本国内向け製品Aの売上原価 95 のような合

理的な按分基準を用いることが適当である。

For selling expenses and administrative expenses, it is appropriate for those linked

individually to (i) or (ii) to first be allocated individually (product A selling expenses (48)

and part "a" selling expenses (2)), while shared expenses are allocated proportionally on

the basis of reasonable criteria, such as company P's cost of sales of part "a" destined for

company S (25), and company P's cost of sales of product A destined for the domestic

market in Japan (95).

この結果P社の国外関連取引に係る損益は、

(部品a売上高 35)

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-(部品a売上原価 25)

+(受取ロイヤルティ 5)

-(配賦後研究開発費 9[=研究開発費総額 25×{110/(110+200)}])

-(部品a販売費 2)

-(配賦後一般管理費 3[=一般管理費総額 15×{25/(25+95)}])

=P社の国外関連取引に係る営業利益 1

となる。

Company P's profit and loss on transactions with the foreign affiliate is thus calculated

as follows:

(Sales of part "a" (35))

-(Cost of sales of part "a" (25))

+(Royalties received (5))

-(R&D costs after allocation (9) [= total R&D cost (25) × {110/(110+200)}])

-(Part "a" selling expenses (2))

- (Administrative expenses after allocation (3) [= total administrative expenses (15) ×

{25/(25+95)}])

= Company P's operating income from the transactions with the foreign

affiliate (1)

(P社とS社との間の国外関連取引に係るS社の損益)

(Company S's profit and loss on the transactions with the foreign affiliate that are

conducted between company P and company S)

S社の国外関連取引に係る損益については、製品A事業部門が対象となることから、製

品B事業部門と共通して支出された費用(一般管理費 10)がある場合には、合理的な基準

で製品A事業部門に配賦する必要がある。この場合の配賦基準としてS社の仕入高比(35

+10=45 対 480)を使用すると関連者間取引の対価を含んでしまうことから適当でなく、

例えば、それぞれの事業部門固有の販売費の比率(15 対 5)等を用いる必要がある。

As the application of the PS method to company S's transactions with the foreign

affiliate requires the calculation of profit and loss of the product A business division,

any expenses paid jointly with the product B business division (administrative expenses

(10)) need to be allocated to the product A business division according to reasonable

criteria. Using the ratio of purchases by company S (35+10=45:480) as the criterion for

allocation in this case would be inappropriate, as it would include consideration for

controlled transactions. It is therefore necessary to use a variable such as the ratio of

selling expenses specific to each business division (15:5).

この結果S社の国外関連取引に係る損益は、

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(製品A売上高 110)

-(部品a仕入高 35)

-(製品Aその他原価 10)

-(支払ロイヤルティ 5)

-(製品A販売費 15)

-(配賦後一般管理費 8[=一般管理費総額 10×{15/(15+5)}])

=S社の国外関連取引に係る営業利益 37

となる。

Company S's profit and loss on the transactions with the foreign affiliate are

consequently calculated as follows:

(Sales of product A (110))

-(Purchases of part "a" (35))

-(Other costs of product A (10))

-(Royalties paid (5))

-(Product A selling expenses (15))

-(Administrative expenses after allocation (8) [=total administrative expenses 10 ×

{15/(15+5)}])

=CompanyS's operating income from the transactions with the foreign affiliate (37)

《解説》

Explanation

分割対象利益の計算に当たり、収益と直接結びつく費用(売上原価や一部の販管費)に

ついては、可能な限り個々に区分して計算し、間接費用(共通費用)については、事務運

営指針3‐4に基づいて最も合理的と考えられる按分基準により配賦計算する必要がある。

When calculating the profit to be split, it is necessary to calculate the expenses linked

directly to revenue (cost of sales and some of the selling and administrative expenses)

broken down as far as possible into individual items, and to calculate indirect expenses

(shared expenses) by allocating them proportionately in accordance with what are

considered to be the most reasonable criteria based on Administrative Guidelines 3-4.

ただし、親会社からの仕入れがある場合の子会社の売上原価など関連者間取引の対価が含

まれるものや、按分割合の変更を恣意的に行えるようなものは按分基準として適当ではな

いと考えられる。

However, items that include consideration in controlled transactions, such as the cost of

sales of a subsidiary that purchases from its parent company, and expenses whose

proportionate allocation are subject to arbitrary change are considered inappropriate as

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such criteria.

なお、法人と国外関連者の会計上の損益区分等が異なる場合には、原則としてこれを調

整する必要がある。

It should be noted that if the accounting categories used for profit and loss by the

corporation and the foreign affiliate differ, adjustments need to be made for this, as a

rule.

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(3) 残余利益分割法の適用に当たっての留意事項に関する事例

(3) Cases illustrating points to note when applying the residual profit split method

【事例19】(人件費較差による利益の取扱い)

Case 19: Treatment of profit due to differences in labor costs

《ポイント》

Key point

生産拠点を人件費等の低い外国に移管することにより、国内での製造に比較して製造原

価が減尐した状況において、残余利益分割法を適用する事例。

This case illustrates the application of the residual PS method when, as a result of the

transfer of manufacturing operations to a foreign country with lower labor costs, the

cost of manufacture becomes lower than in the case of domestic manufacturing.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立し、国内で製造した製品AをS社経由でX国の第三者に販売していたが、

X国の低い人件費等を理由に、5年前にX国での現地生産に切り替えることを決定し、国内

で行っていた製造業務をS社に移管した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

Although it used to sell product A that it manufactured domestically to third parties in

country X via company S, it decided to switch to local production in country X five years

ago due to lower labor costs and other expenses in country X, and manufacturing

operations in Japan were transferred to company S.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technology developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

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(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

製造業務移管後は、P社は、S社に対して製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ

(P社の研究開発活動により生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Since transferring its manufacturing operations overseas, company P has licensed to

company S patents and manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a

result of company P's R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

S社はX国で原材料を現地調達し、P社から供与された技術に基づいて製品Aを製造し、

製造した製品をX国の第三者に販売している。

Company S procures raw materials locally in country X to manufacture product A

based on techniques and technology originating from and furnished by company P. It

then sells its output of product A to third parties in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発活動の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたら

し、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売

されている。

Product A, which is an outcome of company P's R&D activities, has seen sales

increase due to its original technical performance, and it has achieved a certain market

share in country X, where it is sold at a largely stable price.

S社には研究開発部門はなく、S社が行う製品Aの製造は、P社から供与されたP社の

独自技術に基づいて行われている。

Company S has no R&D divisions, and manufacturing of product A by company S is

based on technologies originating from and furnished by company P.

一方、S社は、従来から販売会社として大規模な広告宣伝・販売促進活動を行ってきた結

果、高い製品認知度や大規模な販売網などによる販売競争上の優位性を有している。

On the other hand, company S has traditionally engaged in large-scale advertising and

sales promotion activities as a distributor, resulting in a more competitive sales position

due to high product recognition and large distribution channels.

(製造業務移管前後の損益状況の変化等)

(Change in profit/loss status before and after transfer of production operations)

製造業務移管前のP社の製造原価は80だったが、製造業務移管後のS社の製造原価は45

に減尐し、P社及びS社の合算利益は、移管前の20から55へと増加している。

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Company P's cost of manufacture before the transfer of manufacturing operations

was 80. Company S's cost of manufacture after the transfer, however, came down to 45,

and the combined profit of company P and company S increased from 20 before the

transfer to 55 afterwards.

なお、製造業務移管前後で、X国における製品Aの販売価格は変わっておらず、それ以

外の変化もない。

There was no change between the selling price of product A in country X before and

after the transfer of production operations, nor other changes of any kind.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引を見いだすこ

とができず、適用することはできない(基本三法と同等の方法の適用可能性の検討等につ

いては【事例1】参照。)。

After consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent to the traditional

transaction methods, no comparable transactions can be found, and therefore, they

cannot be applied. (Regarding consideration of the applicability of methods equivalent

to the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法及びその他政令で定める方法と同等の方法

について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT are

therefore considered, with the following results:

基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことがで

きない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)に関して

は、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions can be found for applying methods equivalent to methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods. (Regarding methods consistent

with the traditional transaction methods, including methods equivalent to methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

P社及びS社が有する無形資産(P社の技術力に基づく製品の独自の技術性能及びS社

の広告宣伝・販売促進活動によりもたらされた製品の高い認知度や販売網)は、基本的活

動のみを行う法人との比較において、それぞれP社及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の

源泉となっていると認められることから、本事例においては、残余利益分割法を適用し独

立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認められる。

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・ As it is found that company P and company S's intangible property (i.e. the unique

technical performance of product A founded on company P's technical capabilities, and

high product recognition and distribution channels built up through company S's

advertising and sales promotion activities) serve as a source of income in company P's

and company S's respective transactions with the foreign affiliate when they are

compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities, it is found to be

appropriate in this case to calculate the arm's length price by applying the residual PS

method.

S社の営業利益率に影響を与える要因として、X国の低い人件費水準があるが、これは、

残余利益分割法の適用上、S社の基本的利益の計算過程において、S社と同様に低い人件

費水準の恩恵を受けている法人(事務運営指針3‐5に規定する法人。)を選定することに

より反映されることとなる。

・ While one factor with an impact on company S's operating margin is the low level of

labor costs in country X, this is taken into account by selecting a corporation that

receives the benefit of low labor costs (a corporation prescribed in Administrative

Guidelines 3-5) in a similar way to company S, in the process of calculating company S's

basic profit, when applying the residual PS method.

《解説》

Explanation

人件費水準等の低い国外関連者の所在国に製造拠点を移管した場合に、国内で製造する

場合と比較して製造原価が低くなることがあるが、これは、P社の事業判断の結果として

P社グループにもたらされた外生的なものである。

Although the cost of manufacture may fall compared with domestic production when

manufacturing operations are transferred to the country of a foreign affiliate where

labor costs and other expenses are lower, this is an externality generated by company

P's business group as a result of company P's business decision.

本事例のように、製造業務移管前と同程度の価格で同じ品質・ブランドの製品が同程度の

数量で販売可能となっていれば、製造原価が低くなった分、製造業務移管後の利益は増加

することになるが、こうした製造業務の移管に伴う利益については、品質、ブランド、販

売価格及び数量の維持並びに生産効率向上のための活動やノウハウの使用が行われている

ことが通例であり、こうした企業内部の要因と人件費較差等の外生的要因が複合的に絡み

合って生じるものであることから、利益分割法の適用に当たって、分割対象利益から区分

することは困難である。

If, as in the present case, a product of the same quality and brand as before the transfer

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of manufacturing operations can be sold in approximately the same volume and at

approximately the same price, profit after the transfer of manufacturing operations will

increase by the amount of the decreased cost of manufacture. However, as activities are

undertaken and know-how employed normally to maintain quality, brand, selling price,

and volume, and to improve production efficiency, profit associated with the transfer of

manufacturing operations is brought about by an interrelated combination of internal

factors and external factors, such as differences in labor costs. When applying the PS

method, therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish these factors from the profit to be

split.

非関連者間取引においては、人件費水準が相対的に低い国で基本的な製造活動を行うだ

けであれば、その機能に見合った利益を確保できる程度の取引価格を付されることが通常

であり、低い人件費水準等は、市場、事業内容等が類似する法人であれば同様に享受する

ものである。

In the case of uncontrolled transactions, if a corporation engages only in basic

manufacturing activities in a country with relatively low labor costs, then normally a

transaction price is assigned at a level that can secure profit commensurate with such

function, and the benefits of low labor costs are similarly enjoyed by other corporations

in similar markets and categories of business.

したがって、製造業務の移管により低い人件費の恩恵を受けるとしても、基本的な製造活

動に見合う利益は同様の製造機能を同様の経済状況下で果たす非関連者と同水準となるこ

とから、残余利益分割法の適用において、製造業務移管前と移管後の人件費較差は、基本

的利益の計算過程において適切な法人(事務運営指針3‐5に規定する法人。)を選定する

ことにより考慮されることとなる。

Thus, even if the benefit of lower labor costs is enjoyed as a result of transferring

manufacturing operations, the level of profit commensurate with basic manufacturing

activities will be the same as that enjoyed by other non-affiliated parties performing the

same manufacturing functions under the same economic conditions, and so the

difference in labor costs before and after transfer of manufacturing operations can be

taken into account by selecting an appropriate corporation (a corporation prescribed in

Administrative Guidelines 3-5), in the process of calculating the basic profit, when

applying the residual PS method.

本事例において、分割対象利益から基本的利益を控除した後の利益については、その利

益の獲得に対する重要な無形資産の貢献の程度に応じて法人及び国外関連者にそれぞれ配

分されることになる。

In this case, profit after deducting the basic profit from the profit to be split is

allocated to the corporation and foreign affiliates according to respective contributions

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of their substantial intangible property to generating the profit.

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【事例20】(市場特性、市況変動等による利益の取扱い)

Case 20: Treatment of profit affected by market features and market fluctuations

《ポイント》

Key point

法人又は国外関連者の利益に対して、市場の特性や市況の変動等の影響が認められる場

合に、残余利益分割法を適用する事例。

This case illustrates the application of the residual PS method when such factors as

market features and market fluctuations are found to have an impact on the profit of a

corporation or its foreign affiliate.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

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(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社を中心とした研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造され

たものである。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technology developed as

a result of R&D activities led by company P.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販売するとと

もに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動により生み出さ

れた独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technologies) to company S, and also licenses patents and manufacturing know-how to

company S (original techniques developed as a result of company P's R&D activities) for

manufacturing product A.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の代理店数社に

対して販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

sells to several third-party agents in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社を中心とした研究開発活動の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡

大をもたらし、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保している。

Product A, which is the result of R&D activities led by company P, has seen sales

increase due to its unique technical performance, and it has achieved a certain market

share in country X.

S社も技術者10名程度から成る技術開発部門を有して、製品Aに係る一部の開発業務を

行っており、P社の研究開発と合わせて製品Aの独自の技術性能の実現に貢献している。

Company S also has a technical development division consisting of around 10

engineers, and performs some of the development for product A, contributing to

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achieving product A's unique technical performance in conjunction with R&D at

company P.

なお、S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動は行っておらず、販売に当たり自社

の商標等を使用することはない。

Company S does not engage in original advertising or sales promotion activities, and it

does not use its own trademark in marketing.

(市場の状況等)

(Market conditions)

P社グループの属する製品A業界は世界的に需要の変動の大きい業界として知られてお

り、需要変動によって各社の損益状況に一定のサイクルが生じると言われている。

The product A industry, to which company P's business group belongs, is known for

being subject to severe global fluctuations, and fluctuations in demand are considered to

give rise to a regular cycle in companies' profit.

実際に、直近10期のS社の実績営業利益率と、企業情報データベースによって得た日本、

全世界及びX国における同じ業界に属する企業の営業利益率は概ね同様のサイクルを示し

ている。

In practice, company S's actual operating margin and the operating margins of

corporations in the same industry in Japan, the world, and country X have, according to

databases of corporate data, exhibited largely the same cycle over the past 10 years.

なお、X国における業界平均の利益水準は世界平均よりも高くなっているが、これは、

政府の価格規制によりX国における製品Aの市場価格が国際的な水準から見て相当程度高

く維持されていることによるものである。

While the industry's average level of profit in country X is higher than the world

average, this is due to the market price for product A in country X being kept somewhat

higher than the international average, on account of government price regulation.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引

を見いだすことができず、これらの方法は適用できない(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方

法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参照。)。

After consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

can be found, and these methods cannot be applied. (Regarding consideration of the

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applicability of the traditional transaction methods, including methods equivalent to

the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

P社及びS社は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、それぞれP社及びS社

の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉となっている無形資産を有していると認められることか

ら、本事例においては、残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と

認められる。

・ As company P and company S are found to have intangible property serving as a

source of income in their respective transactions with the foreign affiliate when they are

compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities, it is found to be

appropriate in this case to calculate the arm's length price by applying the residual PS

method.

S社の営業利益率に影響を与える要因として、①P社及びS社の研究開発活動により形

成された無形資産、②市況サイクルの中で生じた需要の変動、及び、③X国の市場価格の

水準が考えられる。

・ Three factors that could potentially affect company S's operating margin are: (i)

intangible property created by company P and company S's R&D activities; (ii)

fluctuations in demand arising from cyclical changes in market conditions; and (iii) the

level of the market prices in country X.

ただし、②は業界平均の利益率が、日本、X国及び世界でも同じような趨勢を示してお

り、同じ業界に属する企業も平均して等しく享受し、また、③はX国の業界平均の利益率

が世界的な水準に比較して高くなっており、X国内の同じ業界に属する企業も等しく享受

するものであると考えられる。

・ Regarding (ii), however, the average profit margin in the industry follows the same

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trend in Japan, country X, and the world, and corporations belonging to the same

industry typically enjoy the same margin, while regarding (iii), the industry's average

profit margin in country X is comparatively high compared with the global level, and is

thought to be enjoyed uniformly throughout the industry in country X.

以上から、需要の変動や市場価格の水準による影響は、残余利益分割法の適用において、

同様の影響を受けていると考えられるX国の法人(事務運営指針3‐5に規定する法人。)

を選定してS社の基本的利益を計算する過程で反映されることになる。

・ When applying the residual PS method, therefore, the impact of fluctuations in

demand and the level of the market prices is reflected in the calculation of company S's

basic profit by selecting a corporation in country X considered to experience similar

effects (a corporation prescribed in Administrative Guidelines 3-5).

《解説》

Explanation

需要・市場価格の変動、市場の特殊性による価格水準は、同じ市場で事業を行う者が同

様に影響を受けるものと考えられる。

Fluctuations in demand and market prices and the effect on price levels arising from

features of the market would have a similar impact on corporations doing business in

the same market.

したがって、残余利益分割法の適用上、需要・市場価格の変動や市場の特殊性(顧客の

嗜好、政府の価格規制等)による価格への影響については、適切な法人(事務運営指針3‐

5に規定する法人。)を選定し、同時期の財務数値を使用する限りにおいて基本的利益の計

算の中で反映されることとなる。

When applying the residual PS method, therefore, the impact on prices of fluctuations

in demand and market prices and features of the market (such as customer preferences

and government price regulation) is reflected in the calculation of the basic profit by

selecting an appropriate corporation (a corporation prescribed in Administrative

Guidelines 3-5), provided that financial data for the same period is used.

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【事例21】(基本的利益の計算)

Case 21: Calculation of basic profit

《ポイント》

Key point

重要な無形資産を有しない非関連者間において通常得られる利益(基本的利益)の計算

に用いる法人の選定に関する事例。

This case illustrates the selection of a corporation used to calculate the basic profit

normally earned between non-affiliates without substantial intangible property.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

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日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technology developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technologies) for product A to company S, and also licenses to company S patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of company P's

R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の小売店約200社

に対して製品Aを販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

sells to around 200 third-party retailers in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、

X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販売され

ている。

Product A, which is the result of company P's R&D, has seen sales increase due to its

unique technical performance, and it has acquired a certain market share in country X,

where it is sold at a largely stable price.

S社は、研究開発部門を有さず、P社から供与される独自技術により製造を行っている

が、販売面においては、大規模で独自の広告宣伝・販売促進活動により形成した高い製品

認知度や大規模な販売網などにより優位性を有している。

While company S has no R&D division and depends on original technology and

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techniques furnished by company P, it enjoys a superior sales position thanks to its high

product recognition and large distribution channels created by large-scale original

advertising and sales promotion activities.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引

を見いだすことができず、これらの方法は適用できない(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方

法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参照。)。

After consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

can be found. It is therefore not possible to apply these methods. (Regarding

consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods, including

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

P社及びS社が有する無形資産は、基本的活動のみを行う法人との比較において、それ

ぞれP社及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉となっていると認められることから、

本事例においては、残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定することが妥当と認め

られる。

・ Compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities, company P's and

company S's intangible property is found to be a source of income in company P's and

company S's respective transactions with the foreign affiliate. In the present case,

therefore, it is found to be appropriate to calculate the arm's length price by applying

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the residual PS method.

残余利益分割法の適用においては、国外関連取引に係る分割対象利益からP社及びS社

にそれぞれ基本的利益を配分して、重要な無形資産を要因とする利益(残余利益)を算出

する必要がある。

・ When applying the residual PS method, it is necessary to calculate the (residual)

profit arising from substantial intangible property by allocating the basic profit to

company P and company S, respectively, from the profit to be split from transactions

with the foreign affiliate.

P社に配分する基本的利益の計算に当たっては、P社の部品a製造販売事業と同種で、

市場、事業規模等が類似する法人の中から重要な無形資産を有しない法人を選定し、当該

法人の財務情報を用いて基本的利益の計算に必要な利益指標の算出を行うこととなる。

・ When calculating the basic profit to be allocated to company P, the profit indicators

needed for the calculation of the basic profit are calculated by using financial data on

corporations without substantial intangible property selected from among corporations

in the same industry as company P (i.e., the manufacture and sale of part "a") that are

active in similar markets and are of a similar size.

一方、S社に配分する基本的利益の計算に当たっては、S社の製品A製造販売事業と同種

で、市場、事業規模等が類似する法人の中から重要な無形資産を有しない法人を選定し、

当該法人の財務情報を用いて基本的利益の計算に必要な利益指標の算出を行うこととなる。

・ When calculating the basic profit to be allocated to company S, on the other hand, the

profit indicators needed for the calculation of the basic profit are calculated by using

financial data on corporations without substantial intangible property selected from

among corporations in the same industry as company S (i.e. the manufacture and sale of

product A) that are active in similar markets and are of a similar size.

《解説》

Explanation

残余利益分割法を適用する際に分割対象利益から控除する基本的利益は、法人及び国外

関連者に係る国外関連取引の事業と同種の事業を営み、市場、事業規模等が類似する法人

(重要な無形資産を有する法人を除く。この解説において「比較対象法人」という。)の

事業用資産又は売上高に対する営業利益の割合等で示される利益指標に基づき計算される

(事務運営指針3‐5)。

The basic profit to be deducted from the profit to be split when applying the residual

PS method is calculated based on the profit indicators expressed, for instance, as the

ratio of operating income to business assets or the sales of corporations that are in the

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same category of business as the transactions with the foreign affiliate that are

conducted by the corporation and the foreign affiliate, are active in similar markets, and

are of a similar size (excluding corporations with substantial intangible property;

referred to as "comparable corporations" in this "Explanation") (Administrative

Guidelines 3-5).

当該利益指標の妥当性については、より比較可能性の高い法人を選ぶプロセスを通じて

個々の状況に基づいて判断することとなるが、十分な比較可能性が確保される場合には、

公開情報から得られる企業単位による数値を用いることも可能である。

The validity of these profit indicators is judged based on the individual circumstances

through a process of selection of corporations which are more comparable. Provided that

sufficient comparability can be ensured, however, figures from publicly available

information at the corporate level (i.e. not a phase of transactional chain) may be used.

比較対象法人は、法人及び国外関連者に係る国外関連取引と事業が同種で市場、事業規

模等が類似し、重要な無形資産を有しない法人について選定するのであるが、例えば、業

種コード、取扱製品、取引段階(小売か卸売か等)、海外売上比率、売上規模、設備(有

形固定資産)規模、従業員数、無形固定資産の有無、研究開発費や広告宣伝費の水準等を

選定の基準として用いることが適当である。また、倒産等により通常の事業状況にないと

認められる法人は除く必要がある。

Comparable corporations are selected from among corporations without substantial

intangible property that is in the same category of business as the transactions with the

foreign affiliate that are conducted by the corporation and the foreign affiliate, are

active in similar markets and are of a similar size. Appropriate criteria for selection

include industry code, goods traded in, phase of transactional chain (retail or wholesale,

etc.), overseas sales ratio, size of sales, scale of facilities (tangible fixed assets), number

of employees, existence of intangible fixed assets, and level of R&D costs and

advertising expenses. Corporations found not to be operating under normal business

conditions, such as those that are bankrupt, have to be excluded.

なお、基本的利益とは、重要な無形資産を有しない非関連者間取引において通常得られ

る利益に相当する金額(措置法通達66の4(4)‐5)をいうから、比較的単純な製造・販売活

動を行う法人の財務情報を用いることとなる。

The basic profit is the amount corresponding to the profit normally earned from

uncontrolled transactions without substantial intangible property (ASMT Directive

66-4(4)-5), and so financial data on corporations engaging in comparatively simple

manufacturing and sales activities is used.

基本的利益計算における比較対象法人の選定に当たっては、必要な情報の収集において

公開情報がない、国外の情報であるなどの一定の制約があることにも留意して、例えば、

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次の図のような手順により検討を行う必要がある。

Comparable corporations selected for calculating the basic profit are to be chosen

following the steps outlined below, while bearing in mind the existence of certain

limitations on the availability of data (such as the absence of publicly available

information and the location of information overseas).

(注) 基本的利益の算定のための比較対象法人については、比較可能性が確保されるり

において、できるだけ多くの法人を選定することが望ましいと考えられる。

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(Note) Ideally, as many comparable corporations as possible should be selected in order

to calculate the basic profit, as long as comparability can be ensured.

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【事例22】(残余利益の分割要因)

Case 22: Factors for splitting residual profit

《ポイント》

Key point

無形資産の形成・維持・発展のために支出した各期の費用を、残余利益の分割要因とし

て用いることが合理的な事例。

This case illustrates an instance in which expenditures in each period on the creation,

maintenance, and development of intangible property may reasonably be used as

factors for splitting residual profit.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technologies) for product A to company S, and also licenses to company S patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques developed as a result of company P's

R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の小売店約200社

に対して製品Aを販売している。また、S社は、X国内でテレビ・雑誌CM等の広告宣伝

活動を大規模に行っている。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

sells to around 200 third-party retailers in country X. Company S also engages in

large-scale advertising activities through television commercials, magazine

advertisements, and other media in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

製品Aは、製品そのものの独自の技術性能、広告宣伝活動を通じた高い製品認知度等に

より、X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保するとともに、概ね安定した価格で販

売されている。

Product A has acquired a certain market share in country X due to its high product

recognition, etc. thanks to its unique technical performance and company S's

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advertising activities, and it is sold at a largely stable price.

これら無形資産の形成に関して参考となる情報は以下のとおりである。

The information relevant to the creation of these intangible property is as follows:

・P社の研究開発部門では、製品Aに係る研究開発(結果的に成果物に結び付かなかった

研究開発を含む。)を継続的に行っているが、管理会計上、個々の特許権や製造ノウハウ

の開発のために要した研究開発費の個別管理は行っていない。

・ Company P's R&D division continues to engage in R&D on product A (including R&D

that has not ultimately led to deliverables), but R&D expenditures on development of

individual patents and manufacturing know-how are not kept separate in management

accounting.

・S社が行う広告宣伝活動はすべて製品Aに係るものであり、S社のマーケティング上の

無形資産の形成に貢献していると認められる。

・ Company S's advertising activities all concern product A, and are found to contribute

to the creation of intangible property in company S's marketing.

・P社の過去の損益計算書によれば、P社の研究開発活動に係る支出は毎期売上高の 7%程

度で概ね一定している。

・ According to company P's past profit-and-loss statements, company P's expenditures

on R&D activities are generally around a constant 7% of sales each period.

・S社の過去の損益計算書によれば、S社の広告宣伝活動に係る支出は毎期売上高の 8%程

度で概ね一定している。

・ According to company S's past profit-and-loss statements, company S's advertising

costs are generally around a constant 8% of sales each period.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法の適用の可否について検討した結果、比較対象取引

を見いだすことができず、これらの方法は適用することはできない(基本三法(基本三法

と同等の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参照。)。

After consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods and

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no comparable transactions

can be found. It is therefore not possible to apply these methods. (Regarding

consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods, including

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

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Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

P社の研究開発活動及びS社の広告宣伝活動により形成された無形資産は、基本的活動

のみを行う法人との比較において、P社及びS社の国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉になっ

ていると認められることから、本事例においては、残余利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価

格を算定することが妥当と認められる。

・ Compared with corporations engaging solely in basic activities, the intangible

property that resulted from company P's R&D activities and company S's advertising

activities are found to serve as a source of income in company P's and company S's

transactions with the foreign affiliate, and so it is found appropriate in this case to

calculate the arm's length price by applying the residual PS method.

残余利益のP社及びS社への配分については、両社が重要な無形資産の開発のために支

出した費用等の額を用いることができる(措置法通達66の4(4)‐5(注))が、個々の特許権・

製造ノウハウ及びマーケティング上の無形資産の形成費用を特定できず、また、無形資産

の形成活動に係る支出費用の額が毎期概ね一定していることから、単年度ごとの支出費用

の額をもって残余利益の分割要因とすることが妥当と認められる。

・ While residual profit can be allocated to company P and company S by using the

amount of expenses expended by the two companies on the development of substantial

intangible property ((Note) to ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5), the amount of expenses

expended in each business year is found to be the appropriate factor for splitting

residual profit. This is due to the fact that individual expenses for creating individual

patents, manufacturing know-how, and intangible property employed in marketing

cannot be identified, and that the amount of expenses expended on activities to create

intangible property is largely constant in each term.

《解説》

Explanation

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1 残余利益の法人及び国外関連者への配分は、残余利益に対する重要な無形資産の寄与

の程度に応じて行うことから、残余利益の分割要因には所得の源泉となっている重要な無

形資産の価値を用いることになる(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐1 及び 5)。

1. Residual profit is allocated to the corporation and the foreign affiliate according to

respective contributions of their intangible property to generating residual profit.

Consequently, the value of substantial intangible property serving as a source of income

is used as the factor for splitting residual profit (ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-1 and 5).

ただし、無形資産の寄与の程度を測るためには、法人又は国外関連者が有する無形資産

の価値の絶対額を求めることは必ずしも必要ではなく、それぞれが有する無形資産の相対

的な価値の割合で足りるから、「当該重要な無形資産の価値による配分を当該重要な無形

資産の開発のために支出した費用等の額により行っている場合には、合理的な配分として

これを認め」ており(措置法通達 66 の 4(4)‐5(注))、無形資産の取得原価のほか、無

形資産の形成・維持・発展の活動を反映する各期の支出費用等の額を用いることが考えら

れる。

However, in order to measure the extent of the contribution of intangible property, the

absolute value of intangible property possessed by the corporation or the foreign

affiliate does not necessarily have to be determined; as the proportions of the relative

values of the respective parties' intangible property can suffice, "allocation based on the

value of the substantial intangible property according to the amount of expenses

expended on the development of the substantial intangible property is allowed as a

reasonable method of allocation" ((Note) to ASMT Directive 66-4(4)-5). Other

possibilities include use of the expenses expended in each period that reflect the

creation, maintenance, and development of intangible property, as well as the

acquisition cost of intangible property.

2 分割要因として無形資産の取得原価を用いる場合には、研究開発活動による特許権や

製造ノウハウ等の形成・維持・発展に係る費用を個別に特定することが困難な場合も尐な

くないと思われる。

2. In cases where the acquisition cost of intangible property is used as the splitting

factor, it is frequently difficult to individually identify the expenses relating to the

creation, maintenance, and development of patents and manufacturing know-how

through R&D activities.

また、無形資産の価値が時の経過とともに減尐する場合には、個々の無形資産の価値が持

続すると見込まれる期間を合理的、客観的に見積もることが必要になる。

Furthermore, if the value of intangible property declines with the passage of time, it is

necessary to estimate in a reasonable and objective manner the period during which an

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individual intangible property is likely to retain its value.

3 また、例えば、無形資産の形成・維持・発展の活動に着目して、当該活動が継続的に

行われ、活動を反映する各期の費用の発生状況が比較的安定している状況においては、活

動を反映する各期の費用の額を分割要因として残余利益を配分することも合理的と考えら

れる。

3. If the focus is on, for instance, activities to create, maintain, and develop intangible

property, then in situations where such activities are performed continuously and

expenses in each period that are associated with these activities are comparatively

stable, it is considered reasonable for residual profit to be allocated by using the amount

of the expenses in each period that are associated with these activities as the splitting

factor.

なお、各期の無形資産の形成・維持・発展の活動の支出費用等の額に大きな変動がある

場合など、各期の費用を分割要因として用いることに弊害があると認められる場合には、

合理的な期間の支出費用等の額の平均値を使用する方法や、合理的な期間の支出額を集計

し、一定の年数で配分するとした場合の配分額を使用する方法等によることも可能である。

It should be noted that if it would be detrimental to use the expenses in each period as

the splitting factor due to, for instance, large fluctuations in the amount of expenditures

on activities to create, maintain, and develop intangible property in each period, it is

possible to use the average amount of expenditures during a reasonable period, or the

sum of expenditures in a reasonable period allocated according to a certain number of

years.

(注)各期の支出費用等の額を分割要因とする場合において、分割要因が合理的に決定さ

れ、重要な無形資産の相対的な価値の割合が適切に算出されているときには、残余利益の

金額に比し分割要因の金額が相対的に尐額であったとしても、残余利益分割法の適用は適

当であると認められる。

(Note) In cases where the amount of expenditures in each period is used as the

splitting factor, if the splitting factor has been determined reasonably, and the

proportions of the relative values of substantial intangible property have been

calculated appropriately, the application of the residual PS method is found appropriate

even if the amount of the splitting factor is relatively small in proportion to the amount

of the residual profit.

4 残余利益の分割要因として、重要な無形資産の形成のために支出した費用等の額を使

用する場合には、例えば、重要な無形資産の形成活動との関係が深い次のような費用の中

から関係する費用を特定することとなる。

4. If the amount of expenses expended to create substantial intangible property is used

as the factor for splitting residual profit, related expenses are identified from among

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expenses such as the following, which are closely connected to activities to create

substantial intangible property:

① 特許権、製造ノウハウ等、製造活動に用いられる無形資産:研究開発部門、製造部門

の関係費用等

(i) Intangible property used in manufacturing activities, e.g., patents and

manufacturing know-how: expenses related to R&D and manufacturing divisions, etc.

② ブランド、商標、販売網、顧客リスト等マーケティング活動に用いられる無形資産:

広告宣伝部門、販売促進部門、マーケティング部門の関係費用等

(ii) Intangible property used in marketing activities, e.g., brands, trademarks,

distribution channels, and customer lists: expenses related to advertising, sales

promotion, and marketing divisions, etc.

③ 事業判断、リスク管理、資金調達、営業に関するノウハウ等、上記①②以外の事業活

動に用いられる無形資産:企画部門、業務部門、財務部門、営業部門等、活動の主体となっ

ている部門の関係費用等

(iii) Intangible property used for business activities other than (i) and (ii) above, e.g.,

know-how regarding business judgment, risk management, financing, and trade

operations: expenses related to division leading business activities, such as planning,

operations, finance, and front-end divisions.

5 残余利益分割法の計算過程をイメージで示すと次の図のようになる。

5. The calculation process used for the residual PS method is illustrated in the diagram

below:

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(4) その他の事例

(4) Other cases

【事例23】(企業グループ内役務提供)

Case 23: Intra-group services

《ポイント》

Key point

法人が国外関連者に対して行う経営・財務・業務・事務管理上の活動が、役務の提供に

当たるかどうかに関する事例。

This case illustrates whether managerial, financial, operational, or administrative

activities undertaken by a corporation on behalf of foreign affiliates fall under the

category of the provision of services.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliates)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人SX社、Y国法人SY社及びZ国法人SZ社を設立した(以下、これら3社を

まとめて「S社」という。)。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company SX in country X, company SY in country Y, and

company SZ in country Z as subsidiaries to manufacture and sell product A. (These

three companies are hereinafter referred to as "company S.")

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliates)

S社は、原材料・部品等をすべて現地調達して製品Aの製造を行い、各国内で販売して

いる。

Company S procures all parts and raw materials locally to manufacture product A,

which it sells in the respective countries.

P社は、S社に係る様々な業務を担当する部署を有しており、S社に対して以下の活動

を行っている。

Company P has a unit that is responsible for the various operations concerning

company S, and it provides the following services to company S:

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(注) P社がS社に行っている活動と重複する活動は、S社において行われておらず、又

は他者からS社に対して行われていない。

(Note) Activities that duplicate those undertaken by company P on behalf of company S

are not conducted at company S, nor are undertaken by any other persons on behalf of

company S.

イ P社は、S社の経営効率を向上させて収益性を高めるため、S社の人事政策を決定し、

役員候補者の選考のための面接を行うとともに、必要に応じてS社役員の変更や報酬の見

直し等を行っている(S社役員の変更や報酬の見直し等は、S社の株主総会等を通じた株

主としての権利行使の結果により行われたものではない。)。

(a) In order to improve management efficiency and enhance profitability at company S,

company P determines human resource policy, holds interviews to select candidate

directors at company S, and changes directors and reviews their remunerations as

necessary (changes of directors and reviews on their remuneration are not made at

shareholders' meetings through the exercise of the shareholders' voting rights).

ロ P社は、S社の事業運営の管理等を行うため、文書等による日常的な業務に係る指示

のほかに、週 1 回定期的に行われるTV会議を通じ、S社の運営方針に関して指示を行っ

ている。

(b) In order to manage business operations at company S, company P provides

instructions on operational policy for company S through weekly teleconferencing, as

well as instructions on daily routines in writing.

ハ P社は、S社の作成した予算原案をチェックするとともに、年間事業計画上問題があ

る場合には修正指示を行い、S社はこれに基づき年間予算を作成している。

(c) Company P checks draft budgets prepared by company S and provides instructions

on amendments if they are problematical from the viewpoint of annual business plans.

Company S prepares annual budgets based on such instructions.

ニ P社は、自社の株主総会開催のための資料を作成するために必要なS社の月次財務・

管理(生産・販売状況)データを自ら収集している。

(d) Company P compiles monthly financial and management (production and sales) data

on company S that is required for preparing materials for holding its own shareholders

meeting.

ホ P社は、金融商品取引法に基づく有価証券報告書を作成することを目的として、S社

から送信される連結決算用データのチェックを行い、軽微な数値上の誤りがある場合には

S社に対して修正指示を行っている。

(e) For the purpose of preparing a securities report based on the Financial Instruments

and Exchange Act, company P checks data for consolidated results sent by company S,

and provides instructions on amendments to company S if it contains minor numerical

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errors.

ヘ P社は、S社の業務監査が適切に行われるよう、S社の業務監査に立ち会うとともに、

不適切な処理が認められた場合には業務改善指示書の作成等を行っている。

(f) In order to ensure that business audits of company S are performed appropriately,

company P accompanies company S's business audits and prepares written instructions

on business improvements if any inappropriate performance is detected.

ト P社は、P社の連結財務諸表監査のために外部監査法人が行うS社の監査に、P社の

財務担当者を同行させている(S社は所在地国における法令に従って別の監査法人に監査

を依頼している。)。

(g) Company P has its finance staff accompany outside accounting firms when they

conduct audits of company S for the purpose of auditing company P's consolidated

results. (Company S requests a different accounting firm to perform the audit pursuant

to the laws and regulations in the country where it is located.)

チ P社は、S社の所在地国における現地法令の遵守状況を監査するとともに、問題点が

把握された場合にはS社に対して改善指導を行っている。

(h) Company P audits company S's compliance with laws and regulations in the country

where it is located and provides guidance on rectification if any problems are detected.

リ P社は、S社が自社の顧問弁護士から助言を受けて締結する非関連者との契約につい

て、事業判断の誤りに係るリスクを減尐させるため、P社の法務担当者による契約内容の

チェックを行っている。

(i) Company P has its legal staff check the details of contracts that company S concludes

with non-affiliates based on company S's attorneys' legal opinions, so as to reduce risks

associated with errors of business judgment.

ヌ P社は、S社の経費削減のため、製品クレームに即時対応するためのコンピュータシ

ステム(P社とS社をオンラインで接続)の開発、保守等を一括して行っている。

(j) In order to reduce costs at company S, company P collectively manages the

development and maintenance of a computer system (connecting company P and

company S online) for dealing promptly with complaints about products.

ル P社は、S社の財務活動が円滑に行われるよう、S社の新規設備投資に対する判断、

リスク分析及び現預金管理を含む資金調達のアレンジ等を行っている。

(k) In order to ensure smooth financial activities at company S, company P makes

judgments on and risk analysis of fresh capital investment, and arrangement of

financing, including cash and deposit management, for company S.

ヲ P社は、S社の事業効率を向上させるため、S社から業務上の相談等(緊急時の対応

等)があった場合に即時に対応できるようP社内の連絡・支援体制を整えている。

(l) In order to improve business efficiency at company S, company P arranges an

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internal liaison and support system for dealing promptly with consultations on

operational matters from company S (responses in emergency, etc.)

ワ P社は、S社の事業を円滑に進展させるため、S社の主要取引先と良好な関係を構築

し、S社が主要取引先と行う取引条件交渉のサポート等を行っている。

(m) In order to help smooth business activities at company S, company P provides

support with the development of company S's favorable relations with key clients and

for negotiations of transaction terms, etc.

カ P社は、S社が取引先との主要な契約を締結できるよう、S社の契約に係る締結交渉・

意思決定、契約条件の履行(P社がS社のために行う履行保証等を含む。)等を行ってい

る。

(n) In order to help company S conclude main contracts with its clients, company P

conducts contract negotiations and decision-making on company S's contracts and

fulfills terms and conditions of contract, etc. (including guarantee of fulfillment by

company P on behalf of company S, etc.).

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例においては、ニ、ホ及びトは、S社の株主としての地位を有するP社が専ら自ら

のために行う株主としての法令上の権利の行使又は義務の履行に係る活動であるが、ニ、

ホ及びト以外の項目に係る活動については、P社が専ら自らのために行う株主としての法

令上の権利の行使又は義務の履行に係るものとは認められず、株主活動に該当しない。

In the present case, activities set forth in (d), (e), and (g) above are conducted by

company P, which holds the status of a shareholder of company S, solely on its own

behalf as activities related to the exercise of legal rights or performance of legal

obligation as a shareholder. However activities other than those set forth in (d), (e), and

(g) above are not found to be conducted by company P solely on its own behalf as

activities related to the exercise of legal rights or performance of legal obligation as a

shareholder, and do not fall under the category of shareholder activities.

このため、ニ、ホ及びト以外の項目については、事務運営指針2‐9(1)等の具体的判断基

準に基づき検討することになるが、S社は、これらの活動によって経営効率の向上や業務

改善、リスクの減尐、経費削減等の便益を得ていることから、当該項目に係る活動は役務

の提供に該当する可能性が高いと考えられる。

Therefore, items other than (d), (e), and (g) above are considered based on specific

criteria, such as Administrative Guidelines 2-9(1). As company S enjoys benefits from

these activities, such as the enhancement of management efficiency, business

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improvement, decrease of risks, and cost reduction, activities relating to those items are

highly likely to fall under the category of the provision of services.

《解説》

Explanation

1 法人が国外関連者に対して経営・財務・業務・事務管理上の活動を行う場合において、

当該活動が役務の提供に該当し、その対価を授受すべきものであるかどうかは、当該活動

が当該国外関連者にとって経済的又は商業的価値を有するものかどうかにより判断する必

要がある。

1. In cases where a corporation undertakes managerial, financial, operational, or

administrative activities on behalf of foreign affiliates, whether such activities fall

under the category of the provision of services and whether a consideration thereof

should be paid and received need to be judged based on whether such activities have

economic or commercial value for the foreign affiliates.

具体的には、当該国外関連者と同様の状況にある非関連者が他の非関連者からこれと同じ

活動を受けた場合に対価を支払うかどうか、又は当該法人が当該活動を行わなかったとし

た場合に国外関連者自らがこれと同じ活動を行う必要があると認められるかどうかにより

判断することとなる(事務運営指針 2‐9(1))。

Specifically, this is judged based on whether a non-affiliate in a similar situation as the

foreign affiliates pays a consideration when it receives the same activities from another

non-affiliate or based on whether it would be considered necessary for the foreign

affiliates to undertake those activities for themselves, if the corporation did not

undertake them (Administrative Guidelines 2-9(1)).

また、法人が、国外関連者の要請に応じて随時役務の提供を行い得るよう人員や設備等

を利用可能な状態に定常的に維持している場合には、かかる状態を維持していること自体

が役務の提供に該当する(事務運営指針 2‐9(2))。

Furthermore, if a corporation routinely maintains personnel, facilities, and similar

resources capable of providing services as and when necessary in response to requests

by foreign affiliates, the maintenance of such a state is considered to fall under the

category of the provision of services (Administrative Guidelines 2-9(2)).

法人が国外関連者に対し、非関連者が当該国外関連者に行う役務の提供又は当該国外関

連者が自らのために行う活動と重複する活動を行う場合には、当該重複する活動は原則と

して役務の提供に該当しない。

When a corporation undertakes, on behalf of foreign affiliates, activities that

duplicate services provided by a non-affiliate for the foreign affiliates or activities that

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the foreign affiliates undertake for themselves, such duplicated activities are, as a rule,

not considered to fall under the category of the provision of services.

ただし、その重複が一時的であるとき、又は当該重複する活動が事業判断の誤りに係るリ

スクを減尐させるため手続上重複して行われるチェック等であると認められるときには、

当該重複する活動は役務の提供に該当することとなる(事務運営指針 2‐9(3)イ)。

However, in cases where such duplication is considered to be temporary or the

duplicated activities are found to be procedural double-checks to reduce the risks

associated with errors of business judgment, the duplicated activities should fall under

the category of the provision of services (Administrative Guidelines 2-9(3)(a)).

2 法人から国外関連者に対して行われた活動が、例えば、親会社が実施する株主総会開

催のための活動や親会社が金融商品取引法に基づく有価証券報告書等を作成するための活

動で、株主としての地位を有する者が専ら自らのために行う株主としての法令上の権利の

行使又は義務の履行に係る活動(株主活動)である場合には、当該活動は当該国外関連者

にとって経済的又は商業的価値があるとは認められないことから、役務の提供に該当しな

い(事務運営指針 2‐9(3)ロ)。

2. In cases where activities undertaken by a corporation on behalf of foreign affiliates

are, for example, activities undertaken by the parent company for the purpose of

holding its shareholders' meeting or preparing a securities report based on the

Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, and which are conducted by a person who, in

activities related to the exercise of his/her legal rights or performance of legal

obligations as a shareholder (shareholder activities) holds the status of a shareholder

solely on his/her own behalf, such activities are not found to have economic or

commercial value for the foreign affiliates and therefore are not considered to fall under

the category of the provision of services (Administrative Guidelines 2-9(3)(b)).

(注) 上記の法令上の権利の行使又は義務の履行については、外国の法令に基づく場合も

含まれる。

(Note) The exercise of legal rights or performance of legal obligations mentioned above

includes cases under foreign laws and regulations.

親会社が子会社等に対して行う特定の業務に係る企画、緊急時の管理、技術的助言、日々

の経営に関する支援等については、株主としての地位を有する者が専ら自らのために行う

ものとは認められないことから、株主活動に該当しない(事務運営指針 2‐9(3)ロ(注))。

Services provided by the parent company for its subsidiaries, such as planning for

specific business operations, management in emergencies, technical advice and support

for daily management, are not found to be activities conducted by a person holding the

status of a shareholder solely on his/her own behalf and therefore are not considered to

fall under the category of shareholder activities ((Note) to Administrative Guidelines

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2-9(3)(b)).

また、親会社が子会社等に対する投資の保全を目的として行う活動で、かつ、当該子会

社等にとって経済的又は商業的価値を有しているものは、役務の提供に該当する(事務運

営指針 2‐9(3)ロ(注))

Activities that are conducted by the parent company for the purpose of securing its

investment on subsidiaries and have economic or commercial value for the subsidiaries

fall under the category of shareholder activities ((Note) to Administrative Guidelines

2-9(3)(b)).

3 事務運営指針 2‐9の企業グループ内の役務提供取引について独立企業間価格を算定す

る場合においても、法令上の適用順位に従い、まず、基本三法と同等の方法である独立価

格比準法と同等の方法又は原価基準法と同等の方法(措置法通達 66 の4(6)‐5参照)につ

いて検討することとなり、後者の方法では当該役務提供に要した費用の額にマークアップ

を行うこととなる。

3. When calculating the arm's length price of intra-group service provision transactions

that fall under Administrative Guidelines 2-9, methods equivalent to the CUP method

or methods equivalent to the CP method (which are methods equivalent to the

traditional transaction methods) (see ASMT Directive 66-4(6)-5) are considered first, in

accordance with the order of the application prescribed by law, and the amount of

expenses required for the provision of services marked up in the case of the latter

method.

ただし、当該役務提供が法人又は国外関連者の本来の業務に付随又は関連して行われる場

合には、当該役務提供の総原価の額(当該役務提供に関連する合理的に計算された直接費

及び間接費の合計)を独立企業間価格とすることができる場合もある(事務運営指針 2‐

10(1)。【事例5】参照)。

However, if the services provided are incidental or related to the core operations of the

corporation or foreign affiliates, it may be possible to use the final cost of the provision

of services as the arm's length price (the total of direct expenses and indirect expenses

relating to the provision of services that are reasonably calculated) (Administrative

Guidelines 2-10(1)). (See Case 5.)

また、役務提供が法人又は国外関連者の本来の業務に付随又は関連して行われるもので

はない場合で、措置法通達 66 の4(6)‐5に定める方法のいずれも適用できず、かつ、以下

の5の表に掲げる要件をすべて満たすときには、当該役務提供の総原価の額(当該役務提

供に関連する合理的に計算された直接費及び間接費の合計)を独立企業間価格とすること

ができる(事務運営指針 2‐10(2))。

Furthermore, in cases where the services provided are neither incidental nor related

to the core operations of the corporation or foreign affiliates, when none of the methods

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prescribed in ASMT Directive 66-4(6)-5 are applicable and the requirements listed in

table 5 below are all met, it may be possible to use the final cost of the provision of

services as the arm's length price (the total of direct expenses and indirect expenses

relating to the provision of services that are reasonably calculated) (Administrative

Guidelines 2-10(2)).

4 法人が国外関連者に対し支払うべき役務提供の対価の額の適否を検討する際には、当

該法人に対して、当該国外関連者から受けた役務の内容等が記載された書類等の提示又は

提出を求め、当該書類等の検査を行うこととしており(事務運営指針 2‐9(5)、同 2‐4)、

例えば、検討対象とした役務提供取引に係る契約内容、対価の額の設定方法、価格交渉の

過程等や国外関連者の当該役務提供取引に係る従事者、使用資産、総原価の額等について、

その内容を確認する。

4. When considering the appropriateness of the amount of consideration that a

corporation should pay to a foreign affiliate for the services provided, the corporation is

required to present or submit documents containing the details of the services provided

by the foreign affiliate, and these documents are to be examined (Administrative

Guidelines 2-9(5) and 2-4). Matters to be examined include the details of contracts for

relevant service transactions, methods to determine the amount of consideration, the

process of price negotiations, and the employees, assets, the final cost and so on used by

the foreign affiliate for providing the services.

当該書類等の検査の結果、当該国外関連者が行ったとする役務提供の実態や対価の額の

具体的な計算根拠等の確認ができない場合には、当該法人が役務提供の対価として計上し

た金額について、措置法第 66 条の 4 第 3 項((国外関連者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の

規定の適用や法第 22条第 3項の損金算入に係る要件が満たされているか等を検討する必要

がある。

In cases where the examination of the documents fails to clarify the services actually

provided by the foreign affiliate or the grounds for the calculation of the amount of

consideration, it is necessary to consider whether the amount that the corporation has

reported as the consideration for the services provided meets the requirements for

applying the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from

Deductible Expense of Amount of Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate) or the

requirements for the inclusion in deductible expense set forth in Article 22, paragraph

(3) of the Act.

また、法人から国外関連者に対する役務提供が、当該法人の無形資産を使用して行われ

ている場合には、当該役務提供の対価の額に無形資産の使用に係る部分が含まれているか

否かを検討する必要がある(事務運営指針 2‐8)。

If the provision of services by a corporation for a foreign affiliate employs intangible

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property of the corporation, it is necessary to consider whether the portion of use of the

intangible property is included in the amount of consideration for such services

(Administrative Guidelines 2-8).

その結果、法人の無形資産を使用して役務提供が行われているにもかかわらず、その対価

に無形資産の使用に係る部分が含まれていない場合には、本来の法人の業務がどのような

ものかという観点も含め、使用された無形資産が寄与する国外関連者の事業活動を見極め

て適切な所得配分結果となるような対価を算定する必要がある。

If it is found that the portion of use of the intangible property which is actually used in

the provision of the services is not included in the amount of consideration, it is

necessary to assess the business activities of the foreign affiliate to which the intangible

property used contributes (taking into account the corporation's core business), and to

calculate the consideration so as to ensure an appropriate allocation of income

distribution results.

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5 事務運営指針2-10(2)の取扱いに係る要件等

5. Requirements for applying Administrative Guidelines 2-10(2)

Requirements Content of Services Examples or Notes

(a) The content

of the services

falls under any of

the following

business

a. Budgeting and/or budgetary

control

・ Compiling materials necessary for preparing the

foreign affiliate's annual budgets and business plans

・Checking the implementation of the foreign affiliate's

annual budgets

b. Accounting, tax, and/or legal

services

・Checking accounting records necessary for preparing

the foreign affiliate's financial statements

・Preparing the foreign affiliate's tax returns

・Checking the foreign affiliate's compliance with laws

and regulations concerning the submission of reports

and the permission and authorization

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c. Credit management and/or

collections

・Managing the foreign affiliate's balance of accounts

receivable

・Preparing bills issued by the foreign affiliate

・Collecting the foreign affiliate's accounts receivable

・ Demanding payments from the foreign affiliate's

customers

・Collecting and analyzing credit records on the foreign

affiliate's customers

d. Operation, maintenance, and/or

management of computer

networks

・ Dealing with technical problems and inquiries

concerning the foreign affiliate's computer networks

・Providing maintenance and inspection services for the

foreign affiliate's computer networks

e. Supervision of cash flow and/or

payables

・Managing the foreign affiliate's funding

・Managing the foreign affiliate's balance of accounts

payable

・Making payments of the foreign affiliate's accounts

payable

f. Investing and/or raising of funds

(limited to administrative

procedures)

・Managing the foreign affiliate's bank accounts

g. Recruitment, assignment,

and/or training of employees

・Producing advertisements for the foreign affiliate's

recruitment activities

・Handling personnel affairs for hiring or allocating the

foreign affiliate's employees

・ Making and implementing the foreign affiliate's

recruitment plans and providing training for recruits

(including planning and implementing training

programs)

h. Affairs concerning

remuneration, insurance, etc. of

employees

・Calculating, issuing and recording wages for the foreign

affiliate's employees (including handling affairs

concerning employees' health insurance and pensions)

i. Advertisement (excluding

assistance in the field of marketing

listed in 2-9(1)-(i))

・Creating the foreign affiliate's website

j. Other general administration ・Entering various data handled by the foreign affiliate

・ Arranging documents and electronic information

handled by the foreign affiliate and managing supplies

(b) The provision of the services does not relate to a

significant part of the business activities of the

corporation or the foreign affiliate

"A significant part of business activities" means

activities significantly contributing to the corporation or

foreign affiliate's acquisition of profit or activities

determining the business results.

(c) The cost incurred for the provision of the services

does not account for a considerable portion of the

amount of costs or expenses of the corporation or the

foreign affiliate for the business year during which the

services are provided

"A considerable portion" means approximately 50% or

more of the cost or expenses incurred by the side that

provided the services.

(d) The service provider's own intangible property is

not used for providing the services

When considering whether service provider's intangible

property are used for providing the services, the (Note) to

Administrative Guidelines 2-8(1) should be noted.

(e) Direct expenses and indirect expenses relating to

the provision of the services are calculated in

accordance with reasonable allocation rates, such as

the rate of engagement of staff in the provision of the

services and the rate of the use of assets

Service provider's business logs or daily work reports

need to provide evidence to verify that the standard for

allocating expenses required for the provision of the

services is fully reasonable.

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【事例24】(複数年度の考慮)

Case 24: Consideration of plural years

《ポイント》

Key point

複数年度の市況を検討した上で単年度ごとに独立企業間価格の算定を行う事例。

This case illustrates the calculation of arm's length price in individual years after

consideration of market conditions in plural years.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

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日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques and technology developed as

a result of company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社に対して製品A用の部品a(P社の独自技術が集約された主要部品)を販

売するとともに、製品Aの製造に係る特許権及び製造ノウハウ(P社の研究開発活動によ

り生み出された独自技術)の使用許諾を行っている。

Company P sells part "a" (a core part that is an aggregate of company P's original

technologies) for product A to company S, and also licenses to company S patents and

manufacturing know-how (original techniques and technology developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities) for manufacturing product A.

S社は、部品aに他の部品を加えて製品Aの製造を行い、X国の第三者の代理店数社に

対して販売している。

Company S combines part "a" with other parts to manufacture product A, which it

sells to several third-party agents in country X.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、

X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保している。

Product A, which is the result of company P's R&D, has seen sales increase due to its

unique technical performance, and it has acquired a certain market share in country X.

S社は、研究開発機能を有しておらず、また、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動も

行っていない。

Company S has no R&D functions, and does not engage in original advertising or

sales promotion activities.

(製品市場の状況等)

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(Conditions of the product market)

P社グループの属する製品A業界は世界的に需要の変動の大きい業界として知られ、需

要変動によって各社の損益状況に一定のサイクルが生じると言われており、直近10期のS

社の営業利益率の実績値及びX国の企業情報データベースから得られた製品A業界に属す

る企業の営業利益率を見ても一定のサイクルが認められる。

The product A industry, to which company P's group belongs, is known for its large

global swings in demand, and company profit reportedly follows a regular cyclical

pattern subject to fluctuations in demand.

直近10期におけるS社の営業利益率と製品A業界に属する企業の営業利益率の平均値を比

較すると、単年度比較では、S社の方が製品A業界を概ね各年度で上回っており、直近10

年の平均値ベースでも同様にS社の方が上回っている。

Company S's actual operating margins and the operating margins of corporations in the

product A industry, according to a database of corporate data in country X, have

exhibited a regular cycle over the past 10 years. A comparison of company S's operating

margin and the average operating margin of corporations in the product A industry

shows that, on a single-year basis, company S's operating margin is generally higher

than the industry average in each year, and company S's margin is similarly higher

than the industry average for the past 10 years.

(その他)

(Other conditions)

X国における企業財務情報開示制度では、原価項目の記載が必要とされていない(ただ

し、日本における営業利益に相当する項目は表示される。)。

Cost items are not required to be entered under the financial data disclosure system

for corporations in country X. (However, an item corresponding to operating income in

Japan is disclosed in reports.)

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

S社の営業利益率は、市場の需要サイクルの影響を受けていると認められたが、直近10

年の概ね各年度において同じ業界に属する企業の利益水準を上回っており、複数年度の平

均で見ても上回っていることから、P社とS社の間の国外関連取引には移転価格税制上の

問題があり得ると認められる(事務運営指針2‐2(2))。

As company S's operating margin has generally exceeded the level in the industry as

a whole in individual years, as well as the average for plural years, over the past 10

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years, despite being affected by cyclical fluctuations in market demand, this is found to

present problems for transfer pricing taxation, regarding transactions with a foreign

affiliate between company P and company S (Administrative Guidelines 2-2(2)).

そこで、独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択に当たり、基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方

法の適用の可否について検討した結果、基本三法及び基本三法と同等の方法を適用する上

での比較対象取引を見いだすことができず、これらの方法を適用することはできない(基

本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事例1】参

照。)。

When selecting the TPM, after consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods and methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods, no

comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction methods or methods

equivalent to the traditional transaction methods can be found. These methods can

therefore not be applied. (Regarding consideration of the applicability of the traditional

transaction methods (including methods equivalent to the traditional transaction

methods), see Case 1.)

このため、基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法並びにその他政令で定める方法及

びこれと同等の方法について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods and methods equivalent to

such methods, and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT and

methods equivalent to such other methods, are therefore considered, with the following

results:

基本三法に準ずる方法及びこれと同等の方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだす

ことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods or methods equivalent to such methods can be found. (Regarding

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods

equivalent to methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

公開情報から、機能が比較的単純なS社に係る営業利益ベースによる比較対象取引を把

握することができることから、本事例においては、取引単位営業利益法(取引単位営業利

益法と同等の方法を含む。)を用いることが妥当と認められる

・ As it is possible to find comparable transactions using the operating margin of

company S, which has comparatively simple functions, from publicly available

information, it is found to be appropriate in this case to use the TNMM (including

methods equivalent to the TNMM).

この場合、同じX国市場で活動する業界企業も同じ需要サイクルの下にあると認められ

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ることから、適切な比較対象取引を選定して同じ時期の財務データを用いる限り、取引単

位営業利益法を適用する上で市場の需要のサイクルは特段考慮する必要はなく、単年度ご

とに独立企業間価格を算定することが適当である。

・ As in this case corporations in the same industry and market in country X are also

found to experience the same demand cycle, it is not necessary to take special account of

the demand cycle in the market when applying the TNMM, and the arm's length price

may be calculated for each year, provided that appropriate comparable transactions are

chosen and financial data for the same period is used.

《解説》

Explanation

移転価格税制上の問題を検討するに当たっては、事務運営指針2‐1に掲げる事項(法人

と国外関連者の利益配分状況等)に配意するとともに、個々の取引実態に即した多面的な

検討を行って移転価格税制上の問題の有無を判断し、効率的な調査展開を図ることとして

いる(事務運営指針2‐2本文)。

Whether there are any transfer pricing taxation problems is to be determined from

multiple perspectives according to the specific circumstances of individual transactions,

taking into account the items listed in Administrative Guidelines 2-1 (State of

Allocation of Profit between Corporation and Foreign Affiliate).

例えば、国外関連取引に係る棚卸資産等が一般的に需要の変化、製品のライフサイクル等

により価格が相当程度変動することにより、各事業年度又は連結事業年度ごとの情報のみ

で検討することが適切でないと認められる場合には、当該事業年度又は連結事業年度の前

後の合理的な期間における当該国外関連取引又は比較対象取引の候補として考えられる取

引の対価の額又は利益率等の平均値等を基礎として検討し、移転価格税制上の問題の有無

を検討する際の資料として活用することとなる(事務運営指針2‐2(2))。

Examinations are thus to be conducted efficiently (the main clause of Administrative

Guidelines 2-2). For instance, in cases where it is considered inappropriate to examine

the transactions with the foreign affiliate based only on information on individual

business years or consolidated business years, owing to considerable fluctuations in

prices of related inventory assets (such as due to commonly occurring changes in

demand or the product lifecycle), the average consideration for, or profit margin on, the

transactions with the foreign affiliate or transactions found to be comparable therewith

during a reasonable period before and after the business year or consolidated business

year are to be considered as a base and taken into account, when considering the

existence of any transfer pricing taxation problems (Administrative Guidelines 2-2(2)).

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これは事務運営指針2‐2(1)の規定の取扱いにおいても同様である。

The same applies in the case of applying the provisions of Administrative Guidelines

2-2(1).

国外関連取引に相当の価格変動が認められる一方で、比較対象取引の候補と考えられる

取引が一定の水準を保っているような場合や国外関連取引と異なる価格変動を示している

場合には、国外関連取引や比較対象取引の候補と考えられる取引に係る複数年度の対価の

額又は利益率等の平均値等を用いて移転価格税制上の問題があるか否かを検討する必要が

ある。

If considerable price fluctuations are found in transactions with a foreign affiliate but

when prices of transactions found to be comparable with the transactions with the

foreign affiliate remain at a constant level, or those prices fluctuate in a different

manner compared with the transactions with the foreign affiliate, it is necessary to

consider the existence of any transfer pricing taxation problems by using a variable

such as the average consideration for, or profit margin on, the transactions with the

foreign affiliate and transactions found to be comparable therewith in plural years.

ただし、本事例のように、複数の比較対象取引の候補と考えられる取引が国外関連取引

と概ね同様の価格変動を示している場合には、国外関連取引に係る市況サイクルについて

特段考慮する必要はない。

If, as in the present case, plural transactions found to be comparable with the

transactions with the foreign affiliate exhibit largely the same price fluctuations as the

transactions with the foreign affiliate, it is not necessary to give any special

consideration to the market cycle relating to the transactions with the foreign affiliate.

また、国外関連取引に係る製品のライフサイクルを特定することが可能な場合で、かつ、

比較対象取引の候補と考えられる取引に係る製品のライフサイクルを公開情報から特定す

ることが可能な場合には、それらも考慮に入れて検討する。

The lifecycle of the product involved in transactions with the foreign affiliate and the

lifecycle of products involved in the transactions found to be comparable therewith

should also be taken into consideration, if they can be identified from publicly available

information.

なお、移転価格税制上の問題の有無の検討のため、その判断材料として複数年度の対価

の額又は利益率等の平均値等を用いる場合であっても、移転価格税制上の問題があると判

断されるときは、措置法第66条の4の定めに従い、移転価格税制上の問題が認められる事業

年度のみについて、独立企業間価格の算定(課税)を行うことになる。

It should be noted that even in cases where the average consideration or profit margin

in plural years is used for determining the existence of any transfer pricing taxation

problems, the arm's length price is calculated (tax assessed) only for those business

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years found to be problematic, if any, in view of transfer pricing taxation, as prescribed

in Article 66-4 of the ASMT.

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【事例25】(国外関連者に対する寄附金)

Case 25: Contribution paid to a foreign affiliate

《ポイント》

Key point

法人が取引の対価を国外関連者から収受していない場合の取扱いに関する事例(前提条

件1は措置法第66条の4第3項((国外関連者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の規定の適用が

ある場合、前提条件2は移転価格税制に基づく課税の対象としても検討を行う場合)。

This case illustrates the treatment when a corporation does not receive any

transaction consideration from a foreign affiliate ("Precondition 1" illustrates the case

where the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from

Deductible Expense of Amount of Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate) are applied,

and "Precondition 2" illustrates the case where it is also considered whether the case is

subject to the transfer pricing taxation).

《前提条件1》

Precondition 1

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197

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、3年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であ

るX国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 3 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

S社は、設立の直後から製品Aの製造工場の建設に着手し、工場は建設工事開始から1年

後に完成したが、現地採用従業員の機械操作等に対する習熟度が低いことなどから当初の

生産計画を達成できていない状況にある。

Company S started constructing a factory for manufacturing product A immediately

after the establishment, and the factory was completed one year after the

commencement of the construction. However, due to such reasons as locally hired

employees' insufficient proficiency in handling machinery, the initial production plan

has yet to be achieved.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with a foreign affiliate)

P社は、S社の製造工場完成後に製品A製造設備に係る保守・点検やS社従業員に対す

る教育訓練等の業務を行うため、P社社員をS社に派遣している(当該業務にP社の無形

資産は使用されていない。)。

After the completion of company S's manufacturing factory, company P dispatches its

staff to company S to have them engage in maintenance and inspection services for

production facilities for product A and provide educational training for company S's

employees (company P's intangible property is not used for these services).

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P社は、S社に対するこれらの業務に係る役務提供の対価を収受していない。

Company P does not receive any consideration for the provision of these services for

company S.

(P社社員の派遣に係るP社・S社間の取決めの内容等)

(Agreement between company P and company S concerning the dispatch of company P's

staff)

P社はS社の業績予測を行ったが、製品Aの製造販売事業が軌道に乗りS社の経営が安

定するまでの間、S社の資金事情は厳しい状況にある。

Company P's business forecast on company S shows that company S will face a tight

cash-flow situation until manufacture and sales business of product A get on track and

company S's operations stabilize.

P社とS社は、P社社員が行う業務に係る役務提供の対価を収受するための契約を取り交

わしたが、P社はS社を財政的に支援する目的で、両社の合意により当該対価を収受しな

いこととした。

Company P and company S concluded a contract for receiving consideration for services

that company P's staff provides, but company P has decided not to receive the

consideration under agreement between both companies, with a view to financially

supporting company S.

なお、S社は、倒産に至る可能性があるような業績不振の状態にはない。

Company S is not suffering from such poor business performance as may lead to

bankruptcy.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

P社は、S社がX国で事業を遂行するために不可欠な業務について、P社社員の派遣に

よる支援を行っており、S社に役務を提供していると認められる。

Company P dispatches its staff to company S so as to provide support for company S's

affairs that are indispensable for conducting business in country X. Therefore, it is

found that company P is providing services for company S.

この場合において、P社はS社から役務提供の対価を収受していないことから、上記の

事例は無償による役務の提供に該当し、P社はS社を財政的に支援するためにS社との間

で役務提供の対価を収受しないことを取り決めていることから、当該役務提供はS社に対

する「経済的な利益の無償の供与」に該当するものと認められる。

This case, where company P does not receive any consideration from company S for

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providing services, falls under the case of the provision of services at no charge. As

company P agrees with company S that it does not receive consideration for the

provision of services with a view to financially supporting company S, the provision of

services is considered to be a "gratuitous conveyance of an economic benefit" to company

S.

また、S社は倒産に至る可能性があるような業績不振に陥っていない等、P社がS社にこ

うした支援を行うことについて基本通達9‐4‐2((子会社等を再建する場合の無利息貸付け

等))にいう相当な理由があるとは認められない。

Furthermore, no reasonable grounds as prescribed in CTA Directive 9-4-2 (Regarding

Loans Without Interest for Reconstructing a Subsidiary and so on) can be found for

company P's providing such support for company S, as company S is not suffering from

such poor business performance as may lead to bankruptcy.

以上より、上記事例における役務提供取引については、措置法第66条の4第3項((国外関連

者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の規定の適用を受けることから(事務運営指針2‐19)、

移転価格税制に基づく課税の対象とはならない。

Given these factors, the service provision transaction in the case above is subject to

Article 66-4, paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from Deductible Expense of Amount

of Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate) (Administrative Guidelines 2-19) and is

therefore excluded from the transfer pricing taxation.

《前提条件2》

Precondition 2

[取引関係図]

[Schematic of business relations]

前提条件1に同じ。

Same as "Precondition 1"

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

前提条件1に同じ。

Same as "Precondition 1"

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

前提条件1に同じ。

Same as "Precondition 1"

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(P社社員の派遣に係るP社・S社間の取決めの内容等)

(Agreement between company P and company S concerning dispatch of company P's

staff)

P社は、S社に対してこれらの業務を行うことは子会社に対する親会社としての責務で

あるとして、役務提供取引に係る契約をS社と締結していない。

Company P has not concluded any contract with company S for service transactions,

alleging that these services for company S are within the responsibility that the parent

company should fulfill for its subsidiaries.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

P社は、S社がX国で事業を遂行するために不可欠な業務について、P社社員の派遣に

よる支援を行っており、S社に役務を提供していると認められる。

Company P dispatches its staff to company S so as to provide support for company S's

affairs that are indispensable for conducting business in country X. Therefore, it is

found that company P is providing services for company S.

この場合において、P社はS社から役務提供の対価を収受していないことから、上記の

事例は無償による役務の提供に該当するが、単にP社が役務提供の対価を収受していない

ことのみをもって、P社がS社に対して行う業務に有償性がないということはできず、上

記の前提条件からは、当該業務につき直ちにP社とS社との間で「経済的な利益の無償の

供与」が行われたと認めることはできない。

This case, where company P does not receive any consideration from company S for

providing services, falls under the case of the provision of services at no charge.

However, it cannot be concluded that the services provided by company P for company S

are not onerous only due to the fact that company P does not receive any consideration

for the provision of services. The above-mentioned preconditions are not sufficient to

promptly conclude that there was a "gratuitous conveyance of an economic benefit"

between company P and company S with regard to the services.

以上より、上記事例における役務提供については、措置法第66条の4第3項((国外関連

者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の規定の適用を受けない場合もあり、その場合には移

転価格税制に基づく課税の対象として検討することとなる。

Therefore, the provision of services in such cases as mentioned above may not be

subject to Article 66-4, paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from Deductible Expense

of Amount of Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate). In such cases, the applicability of

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the transfer pricing taxation should be considered.

《解説》

Explanation

法人が資本等取引以外の取引を行った場合には、別段の定めがあるものを除き、資産の

販売、有償又は無償による資産の譲渡又は役務の提供、無償による資産の譲受けその他の

取引に係る収益の額を益金の額に算入することとされている(法第22条第2項)。

In cases where a corporation conducts transactions other than those causing

increases or decreases of stated capital or capital reserves or distribution of profit or

surpluses, profit arising from the sale of assets, assignment of assets or provision of

services with or without charge, acceptance of assets without charge and other

transactions are to be included in gross profit, unless otherwise provided for (Article 22,

paragraph (2) of the Corporation Tax Act).

このため、法人が国外関連者に対して資産の販売や金銭の貸付け、役務の提供等を行った

にもかかわらず、収益の額とすべき金額の計上がない場合には、措置法第66条の4第3項((国

外関連者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の規定の適用を受けることとなるか、あるいは移転

価格税制に基づく課税の対象となるかについて検討し、適切に処理を行う必要がある。

Therefore, when a corporation has sold assets, lent money, or provided services for a

foreign affiliate but no amount has been recorded as the amount of profit, Article 66-4,

paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from Deductible Expense of Amount of

Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate) should be applied, or otherwise it is necessary to

consider the applicability of the transfer pricing taxation and treat the case in an

appropriate manner.

すなわち、法人が国外関連者との取引に係る収益を計上していない場合において、当該

取引につき「金銭その他の資産又は経済的な利益の贈与又は無償の供与」に該当する事実

が認められるときには、当該法人が収益として計上すべき金額は国外関連者に対する寄附

金となり、措置法第66条の4第3項((国外関連者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))の規定の適用

を受けることとなる(事務運営指針2‐19イ)。

In other words, in cases where a corporation has not recorded the profit arising from

transactions with a foreign affiliate, and when it is found that the transactions contain

elements that fall under "a donation or gratuitous conveyance of money or any other

assets or economic benefit," the amount that the corporation should record as profit

should be the contribution paid to the foreign affiliate and be subject to Article 66-4,

paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion from Deductible Expense of Amount of

Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate) (Administrative Guidelines 2-19(a)).

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一方、こうした検討により、当該取引につき「金銭その他の資産又は経済的な利益の贈

与又は無償の供与」に該当する事実が認められない場合には、当該取引は移転価格税制に

基づく課税の対象として取り扱うこととなる。

When it is not found that the transactions contain elements that fall under "a

donation or gratuitous conveyance of money or any other assets or economic benefit,"

the transactions are to be treated under the transfer pricing taxation.

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【事例26】(価格調整金等の取扱い)

Case 26: Treatment of money for price adjustment

《ポイント》

Key point

法人が国外関連取引を開始した後に遡及して取引価格を改定し、国外関連者に価格調整

金等の支払を行う場合の取扱いに関する事例(前提条件1は非関連者間取引において同様

の価格調整金等の支払が行われる場合、前提条件2は法人と国外関連者との事前の取決め

に基づいて価格調整金等の支払が行われる場合)。

This case illustrates the treatment when a corporation revises transaction prices

retroactively after commencing a transaction with a foreign affiliate and pays money for

a price adjustment, etc. to a foreign affiliate ("Precondition 1" illustrates the case where

similar money for a price adjustment and so forth is also paid in uncontrolled

transactions, and "Precondition 2" illustrates the case where money for a price

adjustment and so forth is paid based on an agreement reached in advance between a

corporation and a foreign affiliate).

《前提条件1》

Precondition 1

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの製造販売子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a distributor of product A, and 10 years previously it

established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and sell product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

S社は、Y国の第三者から原材料aを購入するとともに、その他の原材料等をX国内で

現地調達して製品Aの製造を行い、P社に販売している。

Company S purchases raw material "a" from third parties in country Y and other raw

materials locally in country X to manufacture product A, which it sells to company P.

P社は、S社から輸入した製品Aを日本国内の第三者に販売している。

Company P sells product A imported from company S to third parties in Japan.

(価格調整金等の支払等の内容)

(Payment of money for price adjustment)

S社がY国の第三者から購入している原材料aはY国以外の他の主要生産国からの供給

が停止したことから、取引価格が高騰し大幅な値上げが行われた。

As raw material "a," which company S purchases from third parties in country Y,

stopped being supplied by major producing counties other than country Y, its

transaction price substantially increased.

S社は、原材料aの値上がり分を製品Aの販売価格に一部転嫁したが、原材料aの価格高

騰が予想以上であったことから、逆鞘取引となっている。

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Company S passed the price increase of raw material "a" partially on to the sales price

of product A. However, as the price increase of raw material "a" was beyond expectation,

the transactions have been in the red.

このため、S社は原材料aの価格高騰が起きた後に行ったP社との取引のうち、十分に価

格転嫁できなかったものについて、遡及して取引価格を改定(値上げ)することとし、P

社は当該改定に伴う価格調整金を一括してS社に支払っている。

Company S therefore decided to revise (raise) the transaction price retroactively with

regard to the portion of transactions with company P after the price upsurge of raw

material "a," for which price shift has not been sufficient. Company P made a lump-sum

payment to company S for price adjustment due to the price revision.

なお、原材料aの価格高騰後、非関連者間では原材料aが使用された製品について、事

後の取決めにより遡及して取引対価の額が変更されており、これに伴う価格調整金の授受

が行われているが、P社とS社が行った上記の価格改定の内容はこれと同様のものである。

After the price upsurge of raw material "a," the transaction price for products using

raw material "a" was revised retroactively under an ex-post agreement among

non-affiliates, and money for price adjustment due to the price revision has been paid

and received. The above-mentioned price revision between company P and company S is

similar to this price revision among non-affiliates.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

P社とS社は、事前の取決めに基づかずに遡及して国外関連取引に係る対価の額を変更

しているが、当該国外関連取引と類似する非関連者間取引においても同様の変更が行われ

ていることから、P社がS社に支払った価格調整金については、合理的な理由に基づく取

引価格の修正によるものと認められる。

The amount of contribution for transactions with a foreign affiliate between company

P and company S was revised retroactively without an agreement having been made in

advance, but similar price revisions were also made for uncontrolled transactions

similar to the transactions with a foreign affiliate. Therefore, the payment of money for

price adjustment from company P to company S is found to be a result of the correction

of transaction prices based on reasonable grounds.

《前提条件2》

Precondition 2

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to manufacture and

sell product A.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社は購入した製品AをX国内の第三者の代理店

に販売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, and company S sells its purchases of

product A to third-party agents in country X.

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基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことはできなかったが、取引単位営

業利益法についてはX国内の公開情報から比較対象取引を見いだすことができたため、P

社とS社は、S社を対象とする取引単位営業利益法に基づきS社に対する製品Aの販売価

格を設定している。

No comparable transactions for applying the traditional transaction methods can be

found, but it is possible to identify comparable transactions for applying the TNMM

from information publicly available in country X. Therefore, the sales price of product A

for company S is established between company P and company S, based on the TNMM

targeting company S.

(価格調整金等の支払等の内容)

(Payment of money for price adjustment and so forth)

P社とS社は、取引単位営業利益法の適用に係る比較対象取引の売上高営業利益率を独

立企業間価格の算定に係る指標として、S社の製品A輸入販売取引に係る売上高営業利益

率の水準をこれに一致させることとし、各事業年度における製品A輸入販売取引に係る売

上高営業利益率の実績値が当該指標と乖離した場合には、当該指標までの調整を行うため

に期中の取引価格をS社の決算期末で改定する旨を取り決め、覚書を取り交わしている。

Company P and company S have reached an agreement as follows and have

exchanged memorandums: (i) setting company S's target ratio of operating income to

net sales for import/sales transaction of product A at the ratio of operating income to net

sales for comparable transactions for applying the TNMM, finding it as the index for

calculating the arm's length price, and (ii) when the actual ratio of operating income to

net sales for import/sales transaction of product A in each business year deviates from

the index, transaction prices during relevant terms should be revised at the end of

company S's business year, so that the ratio be adjusted close to the index.

S社は、ある事業年度において製品A輸入販売取引に係る売上高営業利益率の実績値が

当該指標を下回っていたことから、その事業年度の仕入価格を決算期末で減額調整するこ

ととし、これにより調整される金額の明細書をP社に送付した。

As company S's actual ratio of operating income to net sales for import/sales

transaction of product A was below the index in a certain business year, the purchase

price for the business year was reduced as of the end of the business year. Company S

sent company P the breakdown of the amount thus adjusted.

P社は、当該金額を価格調整金として事業年度の末日に未払計上し、翌事業年度にS社に

送金している。

Company P recorded the amount as accrued money for price adjustment as on the final

day of the business year and transferred it to company S in the following business year.

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《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

P社とS社は、両社が取り交わした覚書に基づき、S社を対象とする取引単位営業利益

法により製品Aの取引価格を設定していることから、上記事例においてP社がS社に支払

う価格調整金は、あらかじめ定められた条件の下、法定の独立企業間価格の算定方法に基

づいて製品Aの取引価格を変更するものである。

Company P and company S, based on the exchanged memorandums, established the

transaction price of product A by applying the TNMM targeting company S. Therefore,

it is found that in the above-mentioned case, money for price adjustment was paid from

company P to company S because the transaction price of product A was revised, based

on the TPM designated by law, under conditions agreed on in advance.

また、製品A輸入販売取引に係るS社の売上高営業利益率の実績値が確定するまで取引価

格の変更を行う必要があるかどうかの判断ができず、さらにP社はS社から取引価格の調

整に係る明細書を受領しないと価格調整金の計上ができないものと認められる。

Furthermore, it is impossible to know whether transaction prices need to be revised

until company S's actual ratio of operating income to net sales for import/sales

transaction of product A becomes clear, and company P cannot record the amount of

money for the price adjustment until it receives the breakdown of the price adjustment

from company S.

以上より、P社が事業年度末に未払計上した価格調整金については、計上理由、国外関

連者との事前の取決めの内容、算定の方法、計算根拠、計上を決定した日、計上日等に照

らして、合理的な理由に基づく取引価格の修正によるものと認められる(事務運営指針2‐

20)。

Given these factors, the amount that company P recorded as accrued money for price

adjustment at the end of the business year is found to have arisen from the correction of

transaction prices based on reasonable grounds, in light of reasons for recording the

amount, prior agreements with the foreign affiliate, calculation methods, grounds for

calculation, date of deciding the recording, date of recording the amount, and so forth

(Administrative Guidelines 2-20).

(注) P社とS社が用いている独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択や比較対象取引の選定等

は、すべて法令の規定に則して適当な内容であるとの前提を置いている。

(Note) As preconditions, it is found that the selection of TPMs and the choice of

comparable transactions adopted by company P and company S are all appropriate and

in compliance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

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《解説》

Explanation

1 法人及び国外関連者が、例えば、国外関連取引に係る取引時の価格を事後に変更、確

定等して国外関連取引に係る対価の額を遡及して調整し、当該調整に係る金額を価格調整

金等の名目で授受、又は当該国外関連取引に係る費用、収益等として計上することがある。

1. In some cases, a corporation and a foreign affiliate may revise and determine

transaction prices for transactions with a foreign affiliate, adjust the amount of

consideration for transactions with a foreign affiliate retroactively, and pay or receive

the amount for the adjustment as money for a price adjustment or record the amount as

expenses or profit for the transactions with a foreign affiliate.

こうした価格調整金等の授受又は計上が合理的な理由に基づいて行われる場合には、通

常の取引価格の修正に当たるため、価格調整金等を国外関連取引に係る対価の額に含めて

移転価格税制上の検討を行い、その適否を判断する必要がある。

When such money for a price adjustment is paid or received or recorded based on

reasonable grounds, it is found to be an ordinary correction of transaction prices. In

such cases, the amount of money for the price adjustment should be included in the

amount of contribution for transactions with a foreign affiliate and the applicability of

the transfer pricing taxation needs to be considered.

なお、国外関連取引に係る対価の額の遡及による変更が、当該国外関連取引と類似する

非関連者間取引において同様に行われるものである場合には、当該変更は合理的な理由に

基づく取引価格の修正として取り扱うこととなる。

When the amount of contribution is revised similarly for uncontrolled transactions

similar to the transactions with a foreign affiliate, such revision should be treated as

the correction of transaction prices based on reasonable grounds.

2 国外関連者に対する価格調整金等の支払又は費用等の計上(以下「支払等」という。)

が行われている事実が認められた場合には、非関連者間の取引では、特殊な場合を除いて

事前の取決めによらずに取引価格の遡及改定等が行われることがないことに留意の上、当

該支払等に係る理由、国外関連者との事前の取決めの内容、算定の方法及び計算根拠、当

該支払等を決定した日、当該支払等をした日等を総合的に勘案して、合理的なものである

かどうかを判断し、これが合理的なものではないと判断されるときには、措置法第 66 条の

4 第 3 項((国外関連者に対する寄附金の損金不算入))等の規定の適用について検討する必要

がある(事務運営指針 2‐20)。

2. When it is found that money for a price adjustment for a foreign affiliate has been

paid or recorded as expenses (referred to as "payment," below), it should be examined

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whether such payment is reasonable by comprehensively taking into account the

reasons for the payment, prior agreements with the foreign affiliate, calculation

methods, grounds for calculation, date of deciding the payment, date of the payment,

etc., with the precondition that in the case of uncontrolled transactions, transaction

prices are not revised retroactively without any prior agreements, except in rare

circumstances. If the payment is judged unreasonable, it is necessary to consider the

applicability of the provisions of Article 66-4, paragraph (3) of the ASMT (Exclusion

from Deductible Expense of Amount of Contribution Paid to Foreign Affiliate)

(Administrative Guidelines 2-20).

例えば、国外関連者に対する財政的支援を目的としている場合や国外関連者との間で取

引価格を遡及して改定するための条件があらかじめ定められていない場合、支払額の計算

が法定の独立企業間価格の算定方法に基づいていない場合、支払額の具体的な計算根拠が

ない場合等においては、価格調整金等の支払等は通常合理的なものとは認められないので

検討を要する。

In such cases as follows, the payment of money for a price adjustment is not found to

be reasonable and it is necessary to give them sufficient consideration: the payment is

mainly for financially supporting the foreign affiliate; conditions for retroactively

revising transaction prices have not been determined in advance with the foreign

affiliate; the calculation of the amount to be paid is not based on the TPM designated by

law or; there are no concrete grounds for the calculation of the amount to be paid.

なお、価格調整金等の支払等を検討するために必要な資料が法人から提出されない等に

より、当該価格調整金等の支払等に係る実態を確認することができない状況においては、

これを国外関連取引に係る対価の額として取り扱うことができないことに留意する必要が

ある。

It is important to note that in cases where a corporation does not submit the

materials needed for an examination of the payment of money for a price adjustment, or

where it is otherwise impossible to confirm the actual status of the payment, such

amount cannot be treated as the amount of consideration for transactions with a foreign

affiliate.

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第三章 事前確認事例

Chapter 3. Cases involving advance pricing arrangements

【事例27】(目標利益率に一定の範囲を設定する事例)

Case 27: Establishment of a given range for target profit margin

《ポイント》

Key point

確認申出法人が確認対象事業年度において目標とする利益率に一定の範囲を設定する事

例。

This case illustrates the setting of a given range for the profit margin that an

applicant for an advance pricing arrangement (APA) adopts as its target in the business

years subject to the APA.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

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(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX

国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original techniques developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社は購入した製品Aを第三者の代理店10数社に

販売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, which sells it to a dozen or so third-party

agents.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、

X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保している。

Product A, which is an outcome of R&D by company P, has seen sales increase due to

its unique technical performance, and it has acquired a certain market share in country

X.

S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動を行っていない。

Company S does not engage in original advertising or sales promotion activities.

(市況の状況等)

(State of market)

P社グループの属する製品A業界は世界的に需要の変動の大きな業界であり、需要の変

動によって各社の損益状況に変動の大きなサイクルが生じている。

The product A industry to which company P's business group belongs is known for

being subject to severe fluctuations in demand globally, causing large cyclical

fluctuations in companies' profit.

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(事前確認の申出の状況)

(Status of requests for an APA)

P社及びS社は、両国の税務当局に相互協議を伴う事前確認の申出を行っている。

Company P and company S have filed requests for an APA accompanied with a

mutual agreement to the tax authorities in both countries.

当該申出においては、S社を検証対象とする取引単位営業利益法を独立企業間価格の算

定方法として、企業情報データベースからS社と比較可能なX国企業4社を選定し、これ

ら企業の売上高営業利益率の過去5期平均値で構成される一定の範囲(確認対象事業年度

を通じて固定)を、S社が目標とする利益率の水準としている。

In these requests, the TNMM is applied to company S as the TPM, four enterprises in

country X that are comparable with company S are selected from a corporate database,

and a fixed range defined by these companies' average operating margin to net sales

(fixed throughout the business years subject to the APA) over the past five years is

adopted as the target profit margin by company S.

比較対象とされた4社はいずれも、単一の事業セグメントしか有しない販売業者であり、

取扱製品や市場、販売機能等の面でS社との比較可能性があると認められる。

All four companies for comparison are distributors with only one business segment,

and they are found to be comparable with company S in terms of goods traded, market,

sales functions, and so forth.

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例の事前確認審査において、独立企業間価格の算定方法の選定について検討したと

ころ、製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動による独自技術が用いられて製造されており、P社

について基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことができず、基本三法を適

用することはできない。

After consideration of which TPM might appropriately be used in the APA review in

this case, it is found that product A is manufactured through the use of original

techniques developed as a result of company P's R&D activities, and that no comparable

transactions for applying the traditional transaction methods to company P can be

found. The traditional transaction methods cannot therefore be applied.

S社は国外関連取引に係る所得の源泉となっている無形資産を有しているとは認められな

いものの、企業情報データベースの公開情報からは基本三法を適用する上での比較対象取

引を選定するために必要な情報を入手することができず、基本三法を適用することはでき

ない(基本三法(基本三法と同等の方法を含む。)の適用可能性の検討等については【事

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例1】参照。)。

Although company S is not found to have intangible property that serves as a source of

income in transactions with a foreign affiliate, it is not possible to acquire the

information required to select comparable transactions for applying the traditional

transaction methods from information publicly available in databases of corporate data,

which means that the traditional transaction methods cannot be applied. (Regarding

consideration of the applicability of the traditional transaction methods (including

methods equivalent to the traditional transaction methods), see Case 1.)

このため、P社及びS社について、基本三法に準ずる方法及びその他政令で定める方法

について検討し、その結果は次のとおりである。

Therefore, the application of methods consistent with the traditional transaction

methods and other methods prescribed in the Cabinet Order of the ASMT to company P

and company S are considered, with the following results:

P社又はS社を対象とする基本三法に準ずる方法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見い

だすことができない(基本三法に準ずる方法(基本三法に準ずる方法と同等の方法を含む。)

に関しては、【事例1】参照。)。

・ No comparable transactions for applying methods consistent with the traditional

transaction methods to company P or company S can be found. (Regarding methods

consistent with the traditional transaction methods, including methods equivalent to

methods consistent with the traditional transaction methods, see Case 1.)

S社を対象とする取引単位営業利益法を適用する上での比較対象取引を見いだすことが

できる。

・ It is possible to find comparable transactions for applying the TNMM to company S.

以上の状況から、事前確認の申出内容においてP社が採用した、相対的に機能の単純な

S社を検証対象とする取引単位営業利益法の適用、及び選定された比較対象取引は妥当と

認められる。

・ In view of the above, the application of the TNMM to company S (due to its having

relatively simple functions) and the selected comparable transactions employed by

company P in its APA requests are found to be appropriate.

ただし、P社グループの属する製品A業界各社の損益に変動の大きなサイクルが生じる

ことから、本事例においては、そのサイクルの影響を目標利益率の範囲の設定に反映させ

ることが適当である。

・ Due to the large cyclical fluctuations in profit among corporations in the product A

industry to which company P's business group belongs, it is appropriate in this case to

incorporate the effects of this cycle in the range of the target profit margin.

また、製品A業界における通常の市況変動を超えるような極端な市況の変化に備えて、

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重要な前提条件を付しておく必要がある(重要な前提条件の設定については【事例28】

参照)。

・ It is also necessary to attach critical preconditions in the case of extreme changes in

market conditions, such as those exceeding normal fluctuations in the product A

industry. (Regarding the setting of critical preconditions, see Case 28.)

《解説》

Explanation

1 事前確認は、移転価格税制に関する納税者の予測可能性を確保するため、納税者の申

出に基づき、その申出の対象となった国外関連取引に係る独立企業間価格の算定方法等に

ついて、税務署長等が事前に確認を行うことをいい、昭和 62 年に我が国が世界に先駆け導

入したものである。

1. APAs consist of the advance confirmation made by a district director of a tax office or

similar official with regard to the TPM used for transactions with a foreign affiliate, and

are performed in response to applications by taxpayers in order to ensure the

predictability of transfer pricing taxation for taxpayers. Japan was one of the first

countries in the world to adopt such a system in 1987.

事前確認を受けた法人が確認事業年度において事前確認の内容に適合した申告を行ってい

る場合には、当該確認取引は独立企業間価格で行われたものとして取り扱う。

If a corporation that has received an APA files a return that corresponds to the content

of the APA in the business year subject to the APA, the confirmed transaction is treated

as having occurred at the arm's length price.

また、事前確認時に既に経過した確認対象事業年度がある場合において、当該確認対象事

業年度に係る申告を事前確認の内容に適合させるために確認法人が提出する修正申告書は、

国税通則法第 65 条(過尐申告加算税)第 5 項に規定する「更正があるべきことを予知して

されたもの」には該当しない(事務運営指針 5‐16)。

In cases where any business year subject to an APA has already elapsed by the time the

APA is applied, the amended return form submitted by the confirmed corporation to

make the tax return for the business year in question comply with the content of the

APA is not treated as corresponding to a "tax return filed in the knowledge that a

reassessment should be made" prescribed in Article 65, paragraph (5) (Additional Tax

for Deficient Returns) of the Act on General Rules for National Taxes (Administrative

Guidelines 5-16).

なお、事前確認の申出から事前確認通知が行われるまでの間に、確認対象事業年度に係

る申告期限の到来により当該事業年度に係る申告が行われた場合において、事前確認手続

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が行われている間は、当該申告に係る確認対象取引は移転価格調査の対象とはならない。

It should be noted that in cases where a tax return is filed for the business year in

question due to the arrival of the due date for filing for the business year subject to an

APA during the period from the request for the APA to notification of the APA,

transactions that are subject to the APA and relate to the return are not subject to

transfer pricing examinations.

2 事前確認における独立企業間価格の算定においては、法人が入手できる情報、すなわ

ち、法人若しくは国外関連者が行う内部比較対象取引又は企業情報データベース等の公開

情報を基にした外部比較対象取引を用いるか、あるいは、法人及び国外関連者の内部情報

を使用した利益分割法を適用し独立企業間価格を算定する。

2. When calculating the arm's length price in an APA, the calculation is made by using

information obtainable by the corporation, such as information on internal comparable

transactions engaged in by the corporation or the foreign affiliate, or on external

comparable transactions based on publicly available information from sources such as

databases of corporate data, or by applying the PS method using internal information

from the corporation and the foreign affiliate.

外部比較対象取引については、企業情報データベースの情報のみならず、他の入手可能な

情報を検討して比較可能性を十分に確保する必要がある。

For external comparable transactions, comparability must be ensured by considering

other data available, as well as information from databases of corporate data.

また、事前確認審査においても事務運営指針 2‐1 の規定の例により検討を行うこととして

おり(事務運営指針 5-11(2))、その際、利益分割法の適用を前提とする場合でなくとも法

人と国外関連者との所得配分状況等が確認できる資料の提出を求める場合があることに留

意する必要がある。

In APA reviews as well, consideration is to be given to the matters set forth in

Administrative Guidelines 2-1 (Administrative Guidelines 5-11(2)). At such time, it

should be kept in mind that there are cases where the submission of materials to enable

confirmation of the state of allocation of income between the corporation and the foreign

affiliate may be requested, even where an APA application is not premised on the

application of the PS method.

なお、局担当課は、相互協議を伴う事前確認の申出に係る審査を了した場合には、局担

当課の審査意見を、庁担当課を通じて庁相互協議室に連絡するとともに、確認申出法人に

伝える。

When the RTB division in charge has finished its review on a request for an APA

accompanied with a mutual agreement, its opinion is communicated to the NTA Office

of Mutual Agreement Procedures through the NTA division in charge, and conveyed to

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the applicant for the APA.

3 事前確認は、確認申出法人の将来における国外関連取引から生じる利益を予測するも

のであり、事前確認を行うに当たって、移転価格税制に関する納税者の予測可能性を確保

する観点から、特定の水準(ポイント)ではなく、利益率等による一定の範囲(四分位レ

ンジ等の一定の範囲)で確認を行うことができる場合がある。

3. APAs are a means of forecasting the future profit from a transaction with a foreign

affiliate to be acquired by an applicant for an APA, and there are cases where an APA

can be carried out using a fixed range of profit margin (such as an interquartile range),

rather than a specific level (a specific point), from the viewpoint of ensuring the

predictability of transfer pricing taxation for taxpayers.

この点で、過去の事業年度の所得金額を決定するため独立企業間価格を特定の一点で算定

する必要がある調査とは取扱いが自ずと異なる。

In this regard, treatment will naturally differ from that in the case of examinations

requiring the calculation of the arm's length price at a specific point in order to

determine the amount of income in past business years.

なお、一定の範囲を設ける場合には、四分位法によるレンジのほか、比較対象取引のす

べてから構成されるレンジの使用が適当と認められる場合もある。

It is to be noted that when a certain range is established, there are also cases where it

is found appropriate to use a range consisting of all comparable transactions, as well as

a range determined by the interquartile method.

(注 1) 相互協議を伴わない我が国のみによる事前確認の場合、検証の対象とした法人が

国外関連者又は確認申出法人であるかに応じ、それぞれの範囲の上限又は下限のみを用い

て確認することとなる。

(Note 1) In the case of an APA carried out by Japan alone without a mutual agreement,

confirmation is performed using only the upper or lower limits of the respective ranges,

according to whether the corporation to be verified is a foreign affiliate or the applicant

for the APA.

(注 2) 一般的に四分位法によるレンジとは、比較対象取引群の利益率等を高い順に四つ

に区分し、上位 1/4 と下位 1/4 を除き、1/4 と 3/4 の値をそれぞれ上限値、下限値として設

けられる範囲をいう。

(Note 2) The interquartile range is normally the range obtained by dividing the profit

margins (or other such indicators) of comparable transactions into four in descending

order, and defined by the first and third quartile values excluding the upper quarter and

lower quarter.

4 目標利益率の範囲の設定に使用するデータとしては、次の2つの方法が考えられる。

4. The data used to establish the range of the target profit margin can be utilized in two

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ways:

(1) 各確認対象事業年度の検証に当たり、比較対象取引の利益率データを順次、最新のも

のに更新して目標利益率の範囲を設定する方法

(1) For verifying each business year subject to an APA, progressively updating the data

on the profit margins of comparable transactions by using the most up-to-date data to

establish the range of the target profit margin

各確認対象事業年度において、使用する比較対象取引の利益率データに関し、当該確認

対象事業年度に対応するものを加え、その代わり一番古い期間に対応するものを除外する

ことにより、直近期間の利益率データに更新し、この更新された利益率の平均値を使用し

て目標利益率の範囲を設定する方法である。

This is a method of establishing the range of the target profit margin by using the

average of the profit margins on comparable transactions in each business year subject

to the APA. These profit margins are updated to include data for the latest period by

adding data for the corresponding business year subject to the APA, and removing the

data for the oldest period.

この方法では、事前確認の対象となっている国外関連取引と比較対象取引との期間対応

が可能となり、市況変動を目標利益率の範囲に反映させることができる。

This method enables the use of data corresponding to the year of the transaction with

a foreign affiliate and comparable transactions used for the APA, and fluctuations in

market conditions can thus be incorporated into the range of the target profit margin.

ただし、このような方法を採る場合には、更新すべき比較対象取引の利益率データが公

開される時期まで目標利益率が確定しないこと、確認時点で用いた比較対象取引が存在し

なくなった場合に目標利益率の範囲の設定に歪みが生じる可能性もあることを勘案する必

要がある。

However, it is necessary to note that, under this method, the target profit margin

cannot be determined until the profit margin data for comparable transactions to be

updated becomes available. There also exists the possibility that the range of the target

profit margin will become skewed if comparable transactions used at the time of the

APA cease to exist.

(2) 比較対象取引に係る固定された期間のデータを用いて目標利益率の範囲を設定する方

(2) Using data for a fixed period relating to comparable transactions to establish the

range of the target profit margin

比較対象取引に係る過去の一定期間における利益率の平均値に基づいて目標とする利益

率の範囲を設定し、確認対象事業年度全期間にわたって固定して適用する方法である。

This is a method of establishing the range of the profit margin adopted as the target,

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based on the average profit margin during a past fixed period for comparable

transactions, and fixing and applying this range over the entire period of the business

years subject to an APA.

これは、業況の変動があまり大きくない場合に一般的に用いられる方法であり、あらか

じめ目標とする利益率の範囲が固定されることとなる。

This is the method that is generally used when fluctuations in business conditions are

not particularly large, and the range of the target profit margin is predetermined.

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【事例28】(重要な前提条件)

Case 28: Critical Preconditions

《ポイント》

Key point

事前確認における重要な事業上又は経済上の諸条件を付すことが妥当と認められる事例。

In this case, it is found to be appropriate to attach material business or economic

conditions to the APA.

《前提条件》

Preconditions

(法人及び国外関連者の事業概況等)

(Business summary of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

日本法人P社は、製品Aの製造販売会社であり、10年前に製品Aの販売子会社であるX

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国法人S社を設立した。

Japanese company P is a manufacturer and distributor of product A, and 10 years

previously it established company S in country X as a subsidiary to sell product A.

製品Aは、P社の研究開発活動の成果である独自技術が用いられて製造された製品であ

る。

Product A is made through the use of original technology developed as a result of

company P's R&D activities.

(国外関連取引の概要等)

(Summary of transactions with the foreign affiliate)

P社はS社に対して製品Aを販売し、S社は購入した製品Aを第三者の代理店10数社に

販売している。

Company P sells product A to company S, and company S sells its purchases of

product A to a dozen or so third-party agents.

(法人及び国外関連者の機能・活動等)

(Functions and activities of the corporation and its foreign affiliate)

P社の研究開発の成果である製品Aは、その独自の技術性能が売上の拡大をもたらし、

X国において一定のマーケットシェアを確保している。

Product A, which is the result of R&D by company P, has seen sales increase due to

its unique technical performance, and it has secured a certain market share in country

X.

S社は、独自性のある広告宣伝・販売促進活動は行っていない。

Company S does not engage in original advertising or sales promotion activities.

(市況等)

(Market conditions)

製品A及びその類似製品は、世界的に市場価格の変動が激しいという特徴があり、市場

価格の変動によって企業の損益状況も大きく変動する。また、この業界では売れ筋の製品

の規格が急に変わることが多い。

Product A and similar products are susceptible to severe fluctuations in market prices

globally, and companies' profit fluctuates considerably depending on fluctuations in

market prices. The specifications of the best-selling products also often change rapidly

in this industry.

なお、X国では、現在、会計制度の大きな見直しが進められており、今後大規模な改正

が見込まれる。

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The accounting system in country X is currently undergoing major revision, and

extensive amendments are expected in the future.

(事前確認の申出の状況)

(Status of requests for APAs)

P社及びS社は、S社を検証対象とした取引単位営業利益法を独立企業間価格の算定方

法とする相互協議の申出を伴う事前確認の申出を両国の税務当局に行っている。

Company P and company S file requests for an APA to the tax authorities in the two

countries, together with applications for mutual agreement procedures, using the

TNMM applied to company S as the TPM.

なお、申出の内容(独立企業間価格の算定方法の選択や比較対象取引の選定等)について

は妥当と認められるものとする。

These requests and applications are found to be appropriate in content (in terms of their

selection of the TPM, choice of comparable transactions, etc.).

《移転価格税制上の取扱い》

Treatment for the purpose of transfer pricing taxation

本事例においては、将来の時点において市場価格が大きく変動したり、取扱製品の規格

が変更されるような場合に、S社の利益率の実績値が大きく変動する可能性があるが、こ

のような状況が生じた場合に、現時点での状況を基に確認した独立企業間価格の算定方法

等をそのまま適用することは妥当でないと考えられる。

In the present case, there is a possibility of substantial fluctuations in company S's

actual profit margin at some point in the future, in the event of large fluctuations in

market prices or changes in the specifications of products traded. In such event, it is

considered inappropriate to use the TPM confirmed on the basis of the present situation

in unmodified form.

また、会計制度の変更によりS社の利益率の計算方法が変更されると、S社の利益率の実

績値と確認内容に基づく計算結果との間に齟齬が生じ、実績値が事前確認の内容に適合し

ているかどうか判断できなくなる可能性が生じる。

Moreover, if the method used to calculate company S's profit margin undergoes changes

as a result of amendments to the accounting system, company S's actual profit margin

and the calculation results based on the details submitted for the APA request could

diverge, creating the risk that it can no longer be determined whether the actual values

conform to the content of the APA.

本事例の事前確認審査においては、こうした事態に備え、確認対象事業年度において、①

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S社の売上高が現時点の状況から大きく乖離しないこと、②S社の取扱製品の内訳が大きく

変化しないこと、③X国の会計制度が大きく変更しないこと等を、事前確認を行い、かつ、

確認を継続する上で前提となる重要な事業上又は経済上の条件とする必要がある。

In the present case, therefore, material business or economic conditions need to be

attached as preconditions for the APA and continued confirmation, in order to guard

against such a situation occurring in the business years subject to the APA. Such

conditions may include the following: (i) company S's sales should not diverge

substantially from present circumstances, (ii) the portfolio of goods traded by company

S should not change substantially, and (iii) no substantial changes should occur in

country X's accounting system.

《解説》

Explanation

事前確認は、過去及び現在の国外関連取引に係る事業状況を踏まえ、将来年度の独立企

業間価格の算定方法等として合理的と認められる場合に確認を行うものである。

APAs are concluded in cases where it is found that the methodologies are reasonable

as the TPM for future years in light of the business situation concerning past and

present transactions with a foreign affiliate.

仮に、各確認対象事業年度において、市場価格の大きな変動など予測できない重要な状

況の変化が生じた場合には、事前確認の前提とした条件が変わるため、事前確認をそのま

ま継続することが適当でなくなる場合がある。

Should unforeseeable changes (such as substantial changes in market prices) arise in

material circumstances in the business years subject to an APA, the preconditions for

the APA will change, rendering it no longer appropriate to continue the APA in

unmodified form.

このため、事前確認においては、あらかじめ「事前確認を行い、かつ、事前確認を継続す

る上で前提となる事業上又は経済上の諸条件(以下「重要な前提条件」という。)」を定

めることとしており、そのために必要な資料を、事前確認の申出書に添付するよう求めて

いる(事務運営指針5‐3ハ)。

For this reason, material business and economic conditions essential to the APA and its

continuation (referred to as "critical preconditions," below) are to be set up and

documents describing these conditions are to be attached with the APA request

(Administrative Guidelines 5-3(c)).

重要な前提条件の設定については、事前確認の継続に影響を及ぼす要因をあらかじめ網

羅的に決定しておくことが困難なため、「事業上又は経済上の諸条件に重大な変化がない

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こと」、あるいは「関係当事者の果たした機能等や使用した資産等に本質的な変更が生じ

ないこと」といった一般的な設定をすることが多い。

Due to the difficulty of exhaustively predetermining the factors that might affect the

continuation of the APA, it is common to attach generic conditions, such as the

requirement that there be "no material changes in business or economic conditions" or

"no fundamental changes in the functions performed by related parties or the assets

used."

ただし、重要な前提条件として設定された要件に該当するかどうか明確に予測できるよう、

「為替レートの一定幅以上の変動が生じないこと」等の、より具体的な条件が設定される

場合もある。

However, more specific conditions may be attached in some cases, such as the

requirement that there be "no change beyond a certain range in the exchange rate," in

order to make it clearly predictable whether a situation corresponds to the conditions

established as the critical preconditions.

重要な前提条件に定める事情の変化が生じた場合には、当該状況の下で改めて独立企業

間価格の算定方法等を検討する必要があり、確認法人は原則として事前確認の改定の申出

を行う必要があるが(事務運営指針5‐20)、確認法人から改定の申出がない場合は、当該

状況の発生した事業年度以後の事業年度に係る事前確認は取り消されることとなる(事務

運営指針5‐21(1)イ)。

In the event of a change in circumstances prescribed in the critical preconditions, it is

necessary to reconsider the TPM under the situation in question, and the confirmed

corporation will, as a rule, have to apply for amendment of the APA (Administrative

Guidelines 5-20). If the confirmed corporation does not make such an application, the

APA will be invalidated from the business years in which the situation in question arose

(Administrative Guidelines 5-21(1)(a)).

(注)相互協議を伴う事前確認の場合、事前確認の改定には、税務当局間が相互協議を行

い、当初と異なる独立企業間価格の算定方法等について合意する必要がある。

(Note) In the case of an APA accompanied by a mutual agreement, procedures for a

mutual agreement must be initiated between the tax authorities and an agreement

must be reached on a TPM differing from the initial method.

なお、確認法人は確認事業年度ごとに「事前確認の前提となった重要な事業上又は経済

上の諸条件の変動の有無に関する説明」を報告書に記載して提出する必要がある(事務運

営指針5‐17ハ)。

It should be noted that the confirmed corporation needs to enter a statement of any

material changes in business or economic preconditions for the APA in a report and

submit it in each business year subject to the APA (Administrative Guidelines 5-17(c)).