refuelling theology 02

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澳洲華人神學研究中心 No. 2 (2014) 1. 引言 詩篇一向被猶太教和基督教視為告與靈修著作1 ,最使現代人感到大惑不 解的是為甚麼在眾多感恩和讚美的篇章中 會混合了充滿報復心2 的咒詛詩呢?例 如詩 58 篇指出惡人自出娘胎就不親近神, 詩人竟然祈禱:“神啊,求祢敲碎他們口中 的牙!” (6 ) 109 6~19 節的仇恨 之歌,以及 137 篇對以東和巴比倫的詛 咒(7~9 節),跟新約聖經提及耶穌宣告愛 仇敵的教訓 3 ,看似互相衝突 4 ,這問題也 困擾了聖經學者長達千百年 5 ,張國定以 「耶穌為中心」解釋咒詛詩看來不能化解 這矛盾,勸導信徒放棄應有的仇恨權 利,把報復的主權交還給神6 ,問題是主 耶穌也一樣咒詛假冒為善的人 7 ,保羅也有 類似的咒詛 8 ,歷代教會為甚麼會在集體敬 拜中絕口不提咒詛詩呢? 9 既然咒詛詩屬於 詩篇一部分,詩篇也是屬於聖經,都是神 所黙示的,無論如何,亞當斯 (James E. Adams) 警告我們首先不能曲解 10 ,正如彼 得提醒信徒不要曲解保羅書信中 有些難 明白的地方” (彼後 3:16) 。麥坎(J. Clinton McCann, Jr.) 也認為詩篇具有 訓導(Instruction) 的功能,就是教導我們關於 上帝,啟示這位上帝是誰11 ,我們不能因 為解讀咒詛詩時感到不安就偏廢其教導 性和啟示性12 ,但如何從訓導功能解 析這些咒詛詩,如何將這些咒詛詩合理 化,就是本文嘗試解答的問題。 2. 咒詛詩是以色列人獨有嗎? 不只以色列人用咒詛詩,古中東人也 跟以色列人一樣認為祝福有力量,咒詛也 要有力量,咒詛就是祝福反面的理念,咒 詛是否使敵人毀滅呢?古中東地區相信也 一同有力量,那麼,是不是聖經也用這手 法意念呢?咒詛到一個程度真的預期會發 生?若是存在會有問題嗎?咒詛詩的觀點 是暴力或非暴力的做法,非暴力只是宣洩 的感覺,仇恨發出來,其他人不受傷害, 我們如何解析詩篇中的咒詛詩? 李希雯、孟憲斌、聶國瑞(墨爾本華人神學院 2013 年度畢業班同學) 澳洲華人神學研究中心

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神學驛站 N.2 (2014)

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  • No. 2 (2014)

    1.

    12 58 : (6 ) 109 6~19 137 7~9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (James E.

    Adams) 10 ( 3:16) (J. Clinton McCann, Jr.) (Instruction) 1112 2.

    2013

  • 2

    (/ /Hms/violence) 60 13 13 14 15 3.

    1617 18 19 12 [ Torah/]20 21 18 (38~40)355258 (6~11 )5969 (3~29)7983(9~18 )109 (6~20 )137 139 22 139

    58109 137 23 4. 4. 1 58

    58 24 11 : 25 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4~5 ) 2627 28 29 30 31 32 (6~9 ) 10~11 4. 2 109

    109 33 1~5

  • (6~20 )21~31 34 6~19 6 7 811~1212~19 9 6~1012 13 14 35 3637 38 4. 3 137

    137 109 109 137 1~4 9 137

    5~6 39 a~b~b~a 401~4 7~9 41 42 5. 5. 1 58

    58 43 ( /miktam) 1656~60 4445 58 57 59 46 47

    4857:4

    3

  • 58:6 49 59:7 50 5158 57 59 52 5. 2 109

    109 108~110132138~14553 107 108:11109 54 109 ( 107:1815213143 108:4)55 110 5. 3 137

    137 / 135 136 138~145 137 135136

    6. 6. 1 58

    58 109 1:4~6 7:12~17 9:17 37:1020 68:2 82 565758:10 68:23 58 19:3 59 1:6 60 61 6. 2 109

    109 109

    4

  • ( 137 ) ( 58 ) 109 :(89:46) 62109 5:10 58:6~9 69:22~28 63: 64 35 69 109 1:6 1 73:3 (37:7) (73:3) 65 1:5~6 6667 1 68 (Derek Kidner)

    69 26~29 17:14~18 70 6. 3 137

    137 108-110 138-14571 1 10~14 25 12~14 35:56 537 29 7273137:8 1:6 74 7.

    5

  • :75 76 77 78 69 109 79 80

    1. OT626CH (2013)4 (J. Clinton McCann, Jr.)

    (2013)1 Gordon Wenham, The Psalter Reclaimed: Praying and Praising with the Psalms (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2013), 13

    2. (Ernest Lucas) (2010)111

    3. 5:43~48 6:27~31 4. 111 5. James E. Adams, War Psalms of the

    Prince of Peace: Lessons from the Impre-catory Psalms (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presby-terian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1991), 2.

    6. () (1999)114

    7. 23:13151623242729

    8. 6:2122 5:12 9. 1 Wenham,

    The Psalter Reclaimed, 129 10. Adams, War Psalms, 14.

    11. 2 12. 2 13. Gordon Wenham, Psalms As Torah: Read-

    ing Biblical Song Ethically (Grand Rap-ids: Baker Academic, 2012), 111.

    14. 7:17 11:5 18:49 25:19 27:12 35:11 55:10 58:3 72:14 73:6 74:20 140:2 140:12

    15. :OT626CH2013 10 1 (:2013)

    16. OT626CH (2013)9

    17. 9 18. 11 19. 11

    6

  • 20. 7

    21. 11 22. 16

    111 48

    23. 111 24. Robert Davidson, The Vitality of Worship:

    A Commentary on the Book of Psalms (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Pub-lishing Company, 1998), 185.

    25. () (2001)229

    26. ()230231

    27. 13 28. ()233-235 29. 58 7b

    30. 58 6b

    31. [(1980)402] (Derek Kidner) [()(1996)268]

    32. 403

    33. David G. Firth 109 371727353855566469139 143 Surrendering Retribution in the Psalms: Responses to Violence in Individual Complaints (Nottingham, Paternoster, 2005), 14

    34. Firth, Surrendering Retribution, 39; Da-vidson, The Vitality of Worship, 358.

    35. 49 36. 50 37. 50 38. Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 171.

    39. 52 40. A B

    B

    A 41. 52 42. ()

    (2001)305

    43. ()38 44. ()30

    4 45. ()50 46. ()34

    ()57 47.

    15

    48. Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 39.

    49. ()233 50.

    7

  • Centre for the Study of Chinese Christianity Melbourne School of Theology

    A: 5 Burwood Highway, Wantirna VIC 3152, PO Box 6257 Vermont South VIC 3133 Australia T: 03 9881 7850 F: 03 9800 0121 E: [email protected] W: mst.edu.au

    July, 2014

    (2009)44

    51. (1 1 14 53 73 3 75 5 119 51 ) (5 6 12 2 26 4 ) (11 5 55 3 94 4~7) (26 )()231

    52. Davidson, The Vitality of Worship, 185.

    53. (Willem A. VanGemeren) South Pasadena, CA: 201027

    54. 1433 55. Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 173.

    56. ()228 404 Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 144

    57. 6 44

    58. ()235 59. Adams, War Psalms, 119.

    60. ()235 61. 12 62. 15 63. Davidson, The Vitality of Worship, 359.

    64. 65. 11

    66. 10 67. 50 68. OT626CH

    2013 10 1 69. ()36 70. Davidson, The Vitality of Worship, 360. 71. Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 37. 72. Davidson, The Vitality of Worship, 442. 73. Davidson, The Vitality of Worship, 439. 74. Wenham, Psalms As Torah, 114.

    75. Walter Brueggemann, The Costly Loss of Lament. JSOT 36 (1986) , 57.

    76. Adams, War Psalms, 56.

    77. 4 78. Firth, Surrendering Retribution, 143. 79. Adams, War Psalms, 12.

    80. Jonathan E. Adams Adams War Psalms New Testament References to the Psalms 58:10 ( 19:3) 109:3 (15:25) 25 ( 27:39 15:29) 28 ( 4:12) 137:8 ( 18 )9 ( 21:4344 19:44 20:18) War Psalms, 117-121