regional spatial & economic strategy - southern region€¦ · regional flood risk appraisal...

Rialtas nahÉireannGovernmentof Ireland 2040

Tionscadal ÉireannProject Ireland




Tionscadal ÉireannProject Ireland2040


2040Tionscadal ÉireannProject Ireland

2040Tionscadal ÉireannProject Ireland


Tionscadal ÉireannProject Ireland2040


Programme mark (Used for endorsement) Programme with explicit government text

DraftRegional Spatial & Economic Strategy Regional Flood Risk Appraisal Reportfor the Southern Region

Regional Spatial & Economic Strategy - Southern Region Regional Flood Risk Appraisal (RFRA)

MDR1402Rp0015_RFRA_SRA_F01 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1

BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1

RFRA INTEGRATION WITH THE RSES ............................................................................................... 3 1.2

POLICY BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3

1.3.1 Irish Legislation .............................................................................................................. 3

1.3.2 European Legislation ..................................................................................................... 4

DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.4

2 CONTENTS AND MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN .............................................................. 6

RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY FOR THE SOUTHERN REGION ....................................................................... 6 2.1

REQUIREMENT FOR A RSES ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2

GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.3

STRATEGIC VISION FOR THE SOUTHERN REGION ................................................................................ 7 2.4

KEY ASPECTS OF THE DRAFT SR RSES .............................................................................................. 7 2.5

3 THE PLANNING SYSTEM AND FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING

AUTHORITIES ................................................................................................................... 9

PURPOSE OF THE GUIDELINES ......................................................................................................... 9 3.1

OBJECTIVES OF THE GUIDELINES ...................................................................................................... 9 3.2

FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH ............................................................................................ 10 3.3

SEQUENTIAL APPROACH ............................................................................................................... 11 3.4

TYPES OF FLOODING .................................................................................................................... 12 3.5

FLOOD RISK ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.6

FLOOD ZONES ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.7

CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.8

RFRA METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 14 3.9

4 HIGH LEVEL FLOOD RISK APPRAISAL ............................................................................... 15

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 15 4.1

CFRAM STUDIES ......................................................................................................................... 15 4.2

FLOOD ZONE MAPPING ............................................................................................................... 16 4.3

CLIMATE CHANGE FLOOD MAPPING .............................................................................................. 16 4.4

FLUVIAL FLOOD ZONE MAPPING REVIEW ........................................................................................ 17 4.5

FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS ............................................................................................... 17 4.6

OTHER SOURCES OF FLOODING ..................................................................................................... 18 4.7


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4.7.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 18

4.7.2 Groundwater Flooding ................................................................................................ 18

4.7.3 Pluvial Flooding ........................................................................................................... 19

CONSIDERATION OF FLOOD RISK IMPACT AND SPATIAL PLANNING ..................................... 19 4.8

4.8.1 Cork Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP) .......................................................... 20

4.8.2 Limerick Shannon Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP) ..................................... 30

4.8.3 Waterford Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP) ................................................. 36

4.8.4 Key Town – Carlow ...................................................................................................... 38

4.8.5 Key Town – Clonakilty ................................................................................................. 41

4.8.6 Key Town - Clonmel ..................................................................................................... 44

4.8.7 Key Town – Dungarvan ................................................................................................ 47

4.8.8 Key Town – Ennis ......................................................................................................... 49

4.8.9 Key Town – Gorey ....................................................................................................... 52

4.8.10 Key Town – Kilkenny.................................................................................................... 54

4.8.11 Key Town – Killarney ................................................................................................... 57

4.8.12 Key Town – Mallow ..................................................................................................... 59

4.8.13 Key Town – Nenagh ..................................................................................................... 62

4.8.14 Key Town – Newcastle West ....................................................................................... 65

4.8.15 Key Town – Thurles ..................................................................................................... 67

4.8.16 Key Town - Tralee ........................................................................................................ 69

4.8.17 Key Town – Wexford ................................................................................................... 72

5 REVIEW OF RSES POLICY OBJECTIVES .............................................................................. 75

REGIONAL STRATEGIC OUTCOMES ................................................................................................ 75 5.1

REGIONAL STRATEGIC FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES ........................................................... 77 5.2

RESPONSE TO COUNCILLOR MOTIONS ............................................................................................. 79 5.3

6 GUIDANCE ON FRAS ....................................................................................................... 80

PREPARATION OF DEVELOPMENT PLANS ......................................................................................... 80 6.1

PLANNING AUTHORITY COLLABORATION ......................................................................................... 81 6.2

7 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 82

OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 82 7.1

METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 82 7.2

POTENTIAL IMPACT ..................................................................................................................... 83 7.3

MITIGATION STRATEGY ................................................................................................................ 83 7.4


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APPENDICES

Appendix A Summary of CFRAM FRMP Regional Measures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Irish Planning System an Overview ..................................................................................... 2 Figure 2.1: Regional Assemblies and the Southern Region ................................................................... 6 Figure 3.1: Flood Risk Management and the Planning System ............................................................ 10 Figure 3.2: Flood Risk Assessment Source - Pathway - Receptor Model ............................................. 11 Figure 3.3: Sequential Approach Principles in Flood Risk Management ............................................. 12 Figure 4.1: PFRA Indicative Groundwater Flood Map .......................................................................... 19 Figure 4.2: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Cork Metropolitan Area ........................... 20 Figure 4.3: Map of the Cork City Metropolitan Area ........................................................................... 21 Figure 4.4: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Limerick Shannon Metropolitan Area ...... 30 Figure 4.5: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Waterford Metropolitan Area ................. 36 Figure 4.6: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Carlow ............................................................ 38 Figure 4.7: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Clonakilty ........................................................ 41 Figure 4.8: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Clonmel .......................................................... 44 Figure 4.9: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Dungarvan ...................................................... 47 Figure 4.10: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Ennis ............................................................. 49 Figure 4.11: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Gorey ............................................................ 52 Figure 4.12: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Kilkenny ........................................................ 54 Figure 4.13: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Killarney ........................................................ 57 Figure 4.14: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Mallow.......................................................... 59 Figure 4.15: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Nenagh ......................................................... 62 Figure 4.16: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Newcastle West ........................................... 65 Figure 4.17: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Thurles .......................................................... 67 Figure 4.18: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Tralee ........................................................... 69 Figure 4.19: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Wexford ........................................................ 72

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4-1: Settlements ......................................................................................................................... 15 Table 4-2: Allowances in Flood Parameters for the Mid-Range and High-End Future Scenarios ........ 16 Table 5-1: Review of RSOs .................................................................................................................... 75 Table 5-2: Regional Strategic Flood Risk Management Objectives ...................................................... 77


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1 INTRODUCTION

This Regional Flood Risk Appraisal (RFRA) has been prepared as part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Southern Regional Spatial and Economic Strategy (RSES) in accordance with national and EU legislation. This RFRA was prepared by considering the requirements of The Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014).1 The purpose of this RFRA is to ensure that the RSES follows the principles of the Guidelines and implements policies and development strategies that:

Avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding, unless there are proven wider sustainability grounds that justify appropriate development and where the flood risk can be reduced or managed to an acceptable level;

Avoid developments increasing flood risk elsewhere;

Adopt a sequential approach to flood risk management when assessing the location for new development based on avoidance, reduction and mitigation of flood risk;

Avoid unnecessary restriction of national, regional or local economic and social growth;

Incorporate flood risk assessments into the planning process;

Improve the understanding of flood risk among relevant stakeholders; and

Ensure that the requirements of EU and national law in relation to the natural environment and nature conservation are complied with at all stages of flood risk management.

The Southern Regional Assembly (SRA) is currently preparing the Southern RSES. The main statutory purpose of the RSES is to support the implementation of Project Ireland 2040 – the National Planning Framework (hereafter referred to as the NPF) and the economic policies and objectives of the Government by providing a long-term strategic planning and economic framework for the development of the region. The Southern RSES is a strategic plan which identifies regional assets, opportunities and pressures and will provide appropriate policy, objective and target responses. It will put in place policies and recommendations that will better manage regional planning and economic development throughout the region.

BACKGROUND 1.1

Under the 2012 Government’s policy paper ,“Putting People First”, and the Local Government Reform Act 2014, the former two Regional Assemblies (RAs) and former eight Regional Authorities were reconfigured into three new RAs, namely the SRA, the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly (EMRA), and the Northern and Western Regional Assembly (NWRA). The main strategic planning functions of the RAs include the preparation and adoption of RSESs.

At a national level, the NPF replaces the National Spatial Strategy, first published in November 2002, and will form Ireland’s long-term strategy for the next 20 years which will set the groundwork for the spatial and economic development of Ireland. The NPF will lay the groundwork for a better quality of life for all and a basis for balanced and sustainable economic growth. It provides a focal point for spatial plans throughout the planning hierarchy, including the RSESs at the regional tier and will assist in the achievement of more effective regional development. It will also co-ordinate the strategic planning of urban and rural areas in a regional development context to secure overall

1 The Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014) hereafter will be referred to as ‘the Guidelines’.



proper planning and development as well as co-ordination of the RSESs. Figure 1-1 shows Ireland’s planning hierarchy.

The current Regional Planning Guidelines (RPGs) have been a key aspect of the Government’s programme for spatial planning to date. New planning legislation under the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended) allows for the RSESs to replace the RPGs. The regional planning function will, therefore, be enhanced under the new RSESs through the inclusion of a significant economic strategy. The combined spatial and economic elements will establish a broad framework to allow for integrated local authority policy development and associated actions, outline the roles of government departments and other agencies and to strengthen and clarify the role of local authorities in economic development and enterprise support/ promotion.

The Southern RSES shall be prepared and adopted in accordance with the provision of Chapter III of Part II of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 (as amended).

Figure 1.1: Irish Planning System an Overview2

2 DHPLG (February 2018) Project Ireland 2040 – National Planning Framework.



RFRA INTEGRATION WITH THE RSES 1.2

The policies being proposed in the RSES to the 2040 epoch envisage significant population and economic growth. Subsequently, the RFRA provides a high-level review of the known existing flood risk to the growth settlements in the geographic area of SRA as identified in Table 4-1, and an assessment of the potential flood risk impacts associated with the key messages of the 10 Chapters of Ireland 2040 to ensure SRA makes informed strategic planning decisions in respect of the RFRA.

POLICY BACKGROUND 1.3

1.3.1 Irish Legislation

In 2004, an Inter-Departmental Review Group, led by the Minister of State at the Dept. of Finance with special responsibility for the Office of Public Works (OPW), published a review of national flood policy. The scope of the review included a review of the roles and responsibilities of the different bodies with responsibilities for managing flood risk and set a new policy for flood risk management in Ireland into the future.

The adopted policy was accompanied by many specific recommendations, including:-

The Department will develop and implement policy and guidelines on the consideration of flood risk in planning and development control;

The OPW should be the lead agency for implementing flood risk management policy in Ireland;

Focus on managing flood risk, rather than relying only flood protection measures aimed at reducing flooding;

Taking a catchment-based approach to assess and manage risks within the whole-catchment context; and

Being proactive in assessing and managing flood risks, including the preparation of flood maps and flood risk management plans.

To meet the requirements of these recommendations, the OPW published The Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (The Guidelines) in 2009 and developed the National Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) Programme. The Guidelines were developed with the purpose of integrating flood risk assessment and management into spatial planning development plans and policies at all governmental levels. The CFRAM programme was developed to deliver on other core components of the national flood policy as well as the requirements of the 2011 EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) which were transposed into Irish Law under Statutory Instrument 122 of 2010.

In compliance with the Directive and the Planning and Development (Strategic Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004, as amended, a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of the RSES has been carried out in parallel to this RFRA. The SEA has prepared an Environmental Report of the likely significant effects on the environment of implementing the framework. A Natura Impact Statement has also been prepared as part of the Appropriate Assessment of the NPF, in compliance with the Birds and Natural Habitats Regulations 2011, as amended.



The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SEA Scoping Guidance Document outlines that the SEA should adopt policies to avoid and restrict the zoning of lands in flood prone areas. It should also adopt a policy that requires flood risk assessments, prepared in accordance with the Guidelines, to be undertaken for developments and zoning being proposed in flood prone areas. Additionally, the SEA should promote the adaptation measures to account for the likely increased risk of flooding due to Climate Change and include measures to promote the implementation of appropriate Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS).

1.3.2 European Legislation

Under the Floods Directive, the EU recognises the importance of land use management and spatial planning as a key tool in flood risk management. The Floods Directive requires Member States to prepare catchment-based Flood Risk Management Plans (FRMPs) that will set out flood risk management objectives, actions and measures. The OPW has developed six regional FRMPs which were approved and published in May 2018.

The delivery of the Floods Directive is being coordinated with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC). The WFD aims to improve the overall quality of the water environment including rivers, groundwater and coastal waters. This process is being delivered through the development of River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) to enable all rivers and coastal waters to achieve good ecological status. The delivery of the RBMPs will ultimately bring a sustainable integrated catchment management to the rivers of Ireland and across the EU.

Similarly, the integration of the RFRA within the SEA for the RSES is derived from the EU SEA Directive (2001/42/EC) legislation.

DISCLAIMER 1.4

The RFRA has been prepared in compliance with the Guidelines. It should be noted that the RFRA is based on the best available data at the time of preparation.

All information in relation to flood risk is provided for general policy guidance only. All landowners and developers are instructed that SRA and their consultants can accept no responsibility for losses or damages arising due to assessments of the vulnerability to flooding of lands, uses and developments. Furthermore owners, users and developers are advised to take all reasonable measures to assess the vulnerability to flooding of lands in which they have an interest prior to making planning or development decisions.

The flood maps used in the RFRA are ‘predictive’ flood maps, as they provide predicted flood extents and other information for flood events that has an estimated probability of occurrence rather than information on floods that have occurred in the past.

SRA makes no representations, warranties or undertakings about any of the information provided on these maps including, without limitation, their accuracy, their completeness or their quality or fitness for any particular purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, SRA nor any of its members, officers, associates, consultants, employees, affiliates, servants, agents or other representatives shall be liable for loss or damage arising out of, or in connection with, the use of, or the inability to use, the information provided on the flood maps including, but not limited to,



indirect or consequential loss or damages, loss of data, income, profit, or opportunity, loss of, or damage to, property and claims of third parties, even if SRA has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damages, or such loss or damages were reasonably foreseeable.

SRA reserves the right to change the content and/or presentation of any of the information provided on the flood maps at its sole discretion, including these notes and disclaimer. This disclaimer, guidance notes and conditions of use shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Republic of Ireland. If any provision of these disclaimer, guidance notes and conditions of use shall be unlawful, void or for any reason unenforceable, that provision shall be deemed severable and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions.



2 CONTENTS AND MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN

RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITY FOR THE SOUTHERN REGION 2.1

The lead authority for the preparation of the Southern RSES is the SRA. The Southern RSES itself will cover the geographic area of the SRA, which includes the administrative areas of ten local authorities namely Carlow, Tipperary, Waterford City and County, Wexford, Kilkenny, Cork City and County, Kerry, Clare, and Limerick City and County. There are also sub-regional planning functions through three Strategic Planning Areas (SPA), namely, the South-West, South-East and Mid-West (SPAs); see Figure 2-1.

Figure 2.1: Regional Assemblies and the Southern Region3

REQUIREMENT FOR A RSES 2.2

One of the principle functions of the Southern RSES will be to practically support and advance the delivery of the national policy objectives contained in the NPF. The SRA will bring forward the NPF in a manner which best reflects the challenges and opportunities of the region. It has been anticipated by the NPF that each of the three RAs will begin to fill out the national policy objectives, in some cases giving them geographic or temporal context and in other cases elaborating on project concepts. The Southern RSES will support the delivery of the NPF removing the top-down perception and replacing it with a shared responsibility and understanding.

GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE 2.3

As one of the three RAs in Ireland, the SRA covers about 42% of the total land area of the country and had a total population of almost 1.6 million people at the time of the 2016 census.4

3 SRA (November 2017) Consultation Issues Paper. 4 SRA (November 2017) Consultation Issues Paper.



The Atlantic Ocean forms the western and southern boundaries of the area, while the Irish Sea forms the eastern boundary. To the north, Counties Wicklow, Kildare, Laois and Offaly in the EMRA area and Galway in the NWRA area form the northern boundary to the region.

STRATEGIC VISION FOR THE SOUTHERN REGION 2.4

The RSES vision is to:

Nurture all our places to realise their full potential;

Protect, and enhance our environment;

Work to achieve economic prosperity and improved quality of life for all our citizens;

Accommodate expanded growth and development in suitable locations; and

Promote the region’s international reputation as one of Europe’s most creative, innovative, greenest and liveable regions.

KEY ASPECTS OF THE DRAFT SR RSES 2.5

The SRA RSES seeks to determine at regional scale how best to achieve the shared goals set out in the National Strategic Outcomes (NSOs) of the NPF. To this end, the draft Strategy sets out 11 Regional Strategic Outcomes (RSOs), which are aligned with the NSOs of the NPF, international, EU and national policy and which in turn set the framework for City and County Development Plans, in turn the RSES can assist Local Authorities in aligning with EU priorities to leverage funding and partnership opportunities. The 11 RSOs are also aligned with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The NSO’s have also been developed in iteration with the Key Principles and Strategic Environmental Objectives of the parallel Environmental Assessment processes.

The Southern Region’s strategy is to build a strong, resilient, sustainable region by:

1. Strengthening and growing our cities and metropolitan areas, building on the strong network of towns throughout the region and supporting our villages and rural areas.

2. Enhancing regional accessibility through upgraded transport infrastructure and digital connectivity allied to transformed settlement hierarchy

3. Strengthening the role and improve quality of life in the southern region’s diverse rural places and communities and value our rural region as a dynamic, resilient and outward looking areas of potential.

4. Transforming our transport systems from polluting and carbon intensive modes to well-functioning integrated public transport, walking and cycling and electric vehicles.

5. Building a competitive, innovative and productive economy.

6. Optimising our international connectivity through investment and increased capacity in our ports and airports and provision of high-quality digital connectivity throughout the region.



7. Strengthening and protecting our region’s diverse culture, recreation, natural heritage, biodiversity and built heritage.

8. Safeguarding and enhancing our environment through sustainable development, transitioning to a low carbon and climate resilient society.

9. Provision of infrastructure and services in a sustainable, plan and infrastructure led manner to ensure the sustainable management of water waste and other environmental resources.

10. Achieving improved access to services and facilities for all citizens.

11. Building an inclusive outward looking international region on the global stage.



3 THE PLANNING SYSTEM AND FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AUTHORITIES

PURPOSE OF THE GUIDELINES 3.1

In 2009, the Department in conjunction with the OPW published ‘Guidelines for Planning Authorities – The Planning System and Flood Risk Management’ with the purpose of ensuring that flood risk is considered by all levels of government when preparing development plans and planning guidelines. The Guidelines are the key document in the integration of the flood risk management best practice and land use planning decisions. They are required to be used at all levels of the planning process from national level strategic assessments to individual planning applications being brought forward. The Guidelines require the planning system at all governance levels to:-

Avoid development in areas at risk of flooding, unless there are proven wider sustainability grounds that justify appropriate development and where the flood risk can be reduced or managed to an acceptable level without increasing flood risk elsewhere;

Adopt a sequential approach to flood risk management when assessing the location for new development based on avoidance, reduction and mitigation of flood risk; and

Incorporate flood risk assessment into the process of making decisions on planning applications and planning appeals.

Therefore, it is incumbent on the RAs to introduce strategies and polices that implement the Guidelines and follow the core principles of avoidance insofar as possible without hindering justifiable development and adoption of the sequential approach when identifying development areas for growth. The Guidelines are not in place to restrict or limit development strategies but to ensure that they are sustainable and limit the exposure of communities and businesses to flood risk.

OBJECTIVES OF THE GUIDELINES 3.2

The objectives of the Guidelines are implemented by undertaking Flood Risk Appraisals/ Assessments (FRA) to identify the risk of flooding to land, property and people. The Guidelines state that FRAs should be carried out at different scales by government organisations, local authorities and for proposed developments appropriate to the level of information required to implement the core objectives of the Guidelines. The FRA scales are:-

National Flood Risk Appraisal (NFRA) – There is no specific guidance in the Guidelines for a NFRA; however, it must ensure the Guidelines are applied to policies, strategies and objectives and that flood risk is addressed in a national context.

Regional Flood Risk Appraisal (RFRA) – A broad overview of flood risk issues across a region to influence spatial allocations for growth in housing and employment as well as to identify where flood risk management measures may be required at a regional level to support the proposed growth. This should be based on readily derivable information (in particular the CFRAM Studies) and undertaken to inform the Regional Spatial and Economic Strategies.

Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA) – An assessment of all types of flood risk informing land use planning decisions. This will enable the Planning Authority to allocate appropriate sites for development, whilst identifying opportunities for reducing flood risk. The SFRA will revisit and develop the flood risk identification undertaken in the RFRA and give consideration to a range



of potential sources of flooding. An initial flood risk assessment, based on the identification of Flood Zones, will also be carried out for those areas, which will be zoned for development. Where the initial flood risk assessment highlights the potential for a significant level of flood risk, or there is conflict with the proposed vulnerability of development, then a site-specific FRA will be recommended, which will necessitate a detailed flood risk assessment.

Site Specific Flood Risk Assessment (SSFRA) – Site or project specific flood risk assessment to consider all types of flood risk associated with the site and propose appropriate site management and mitigation measures to reduce flood risk to and from the site to an acceptable level. If the previous tiers of study have been undertaken to appropriate levels of detail, it is highly likely that the site-specific FRA will require detailed channel and site survey, and hydraulic modelling.

Figure 3-1 below shows Figure 1.1 of the Guidelines which summarises the levels of FRAs and how they integrate into the planning process. For the purposed of this assessment which is a RFRA the main decision-making tool is the sequential approach.

Figure 3.1: Flood Risk Management and the Planning System

FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH 3.3

The Guidelines recommend that Flood Risk Assessments (FRA) be carried out to identify the risk of flooding to land, property and people. FRAs should use the Source-Pathway-Receptor (S-P-R) Model to identify the sources of flooding, the flow paths of the floodwaters and the people and assets impacted by the flooding. Figure 3-2 shows the SPR model that should be adopted in FRAs.



Figure 3.2: Flood Risk Assessment Source - Pathway - Receptor Model

FRAs in general terms are carried out using a staged approach, an appraisal and/or assessment is carried out as is needed for the purposes of decision-making at the appropriate governance level. The stages of appraisal and assessment are:

Stage 1 Flood Risk Identification – To identify whether there may be any flooding or surface water management issues related to either the area of RSES, development plans and LAP’s or a proposed development site that may warrant further investigation at the appropriate lower level plan or planning application levels;

Stage 2 Initial Flood Risk Assessment – To confirm sources of flooding that may affect a plan area or proposed development site, to appraise the adequacy of existing information and to scope the extent of the risk of flooding which may involve preparing indicative flood zone maps. Where hydraulic models exist, the potential impact of a development on flooding elsewhere and of the scope of possible mitigation measures can be assessed. In addition, the requirements of the detailed assessment should be scoped; and

Stage 3 Detailed Flood Risk Assessment – To assess flood risk issues in sufficient detail and to provide a quantitative appraisal of potential flood risk to a proposed or existing development or land to be zoned, of its potential impact on flood risk elsewhere and of the effectiveness of any proposed mitigation measures.

SEQUENTIAL APPROACH 3.4

A key aspect of ensuring the Guidelines are applied to all levels of the planning process is the Sequential Approach. As outlined in Figure 3-3, the approach recommends the principle of “Avoid“ areas of flood risk as a first consideration but if not possible then “Substitute” a different land use that is less vulnerable to the effects of flooding. When both avoidance or substitution are not a practical approach, then a robust Justification Test (refer to the Guidelines for a more detailed description on the Justification Test) should be undertaken to quantify and mitigate any potential increase in risk and facilitate the development of the area. The Sequential Approach is required to be applied at all levels of the planning process including the development of the RSES.



Figure 3.3: Sequential Approach Principles in Flood Risk Management

TYPES OF FLOODING 3.5

Flooding can occur from a range of sources, individually or in combination, as described below:

Fluvial flooding occurs when rivers and streams break their banks and water flows out onto the adjacent low-lying areas (the natural floodplains). This can arise where the runoff from heavy rain exceeds the natural capacity of the river channel and can be exacerbated where a channel is blocked or constrained or, in estuarine areas, where high tide levels impede the flow of the river out into the sea. While there is a lot of uncertainty on the impacts of climate change on rainfall patterns, there is a clear potential that fluvial flood risk could increase into the future.

Pluvial flooding occurs when the amount of rainfall exceeds the capacity of urban storm water drainage systems or the infiltration capacity of the ground to absorb it. This excess water flows overland, ponding in natural or man-made hollows and low-lying areas or behind obstructions. This occurs as a rapid response to intense rainfall before the flood waters eventually enter a piped or natural drainage system. This type of flooding is driven by short, intense rain storms.

Groundwater flooding occurs when the level of water stored in the ground rises because of prolonged rainfall, to meet the ground surface and flows out over it, i.e., when the capacity of this underground reservoir is exceeded. Groundwater flooding results from the interaction of site-specific factors such as local geology, rainfall infiltration routes and tidal variations. While the water level may rise slowly, it may cause flooding for extended periods of time. Hence, such flooding may often result in significant damage to property or disruption to transport. In Ireland, groundwater flooding is most commonly related to turloughs in the karstic limestone areas prevalent in the west of Ireland.

Coastal flooding occurs when sea levels along the coast or in estuaries exceed neighbouring land levels, or overcome coastal defences where these exist, or when waves overtop the coastline or coastal defences.

Failure of infrastructure can lead to flooding whether it is the catastrophic failure of a dam or flood defence, the blockage of culvert or a watermain burst.



The wide range of flooding types described indicates that, not only our urban areas, but also our rural and coastal environments are also susceptible to flood risk. The Guidelines acknowledge this fully, recognising the potential detrimental impacts on people, communities, the economy and the environment should consideration of the recommendations for land use and infrastructure planning in the Guidelines not be incorporated into national, regional, and local development plans.

FLOOD RISK 3.6

Guidelines state flood risk is a combination of the likelihood of flooding and the potential consequences arising. Flood risk is expressed as:

The Guidelines define the likelihood of flooding as the percentage probability of a flood of a given magnitude as occurring or being exceeded in any given year. A 1% probability indicates the severity of a flood that is expected to be exceeded on average once in 100 years, i.e., it has a 1 in 100 (1%) chance of occurring in any one year.

The consequences of flooding depend on the hazards associated with the flooding (e.g. depth of water, speed of flow, rate of onset, duration, wave action effects, water quality), and the vulnerability of people, property and the environment potentially affected by a flood (e.g., the age profile of the population, the type of development, presence and reliability of mitigation measures, etc.).

FLOOD ZONES 3.7

The Guidelines recommend identifying flood zones which show the extent of flooding for a range of flood event probabilities. The Guidelines identify three levels of flood zones:

Flood Zone A – Where the probability of flooding from rivers and the sea is highest (greater than 1% or 1 in 100 for river flooding or 0.5% or 1 in 200 for coastal flooding).

Flood Zone B – Where the probability of flooding from rivers and the sea is moderate (between 0.1% or 1 in 1000 and 1% or 1 in 100 for river flooding and between 0.1% or 1 in 1000 year and 0.5% or 1 in 200 for coastal flooding).

Flood Zone C – Where the probability of flooding from rivers and the sea is low (less than 0.1% or 1 in 1000 for both river and coastal flooding). Flood Zone C covers all areas of the plan which are not in zones A or B.

The flood zones are generated without the inclusion of climate change factors. The flood zones only account for inland and coastal flooding. They should not be used to suggest that any areas are free from flood risk as they do not account for potential flooding from pluvial and groundwater flooding. Similarly flood defences should be ignored in determining flood zones as defended areas are still carry a residual risk of flooding from overtopping, failure of the defences and deterioration due to lack of maintenance.

Flood risk = Likelihood of flooding x Consequences of flooding

and the potential consequences arising.



CLIMATE CHANGE 3.8

Climate change is expected to increase flood risk. It could lead to more frequent flooding and increase the depth and extent of flooding. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the potential effects of climate change, a precautionary approach is recommended in the Guidelines:-

Recognise that significant changes in the flood extent may result from an increase in rainfall or tide events and, accordingly, adopt a cautious approach to zoning land in these potential transitional areas.

Ensure that the levels of structures designed to protect against flooding, such as flood defences, land-raising or raised floor levels are sufficient to cope with the effects of climate change over the lifetime of the development they are designed to protect.

Ensure that structures to protect against flooding and the development protected are capable of adaptation to the effects of climate change when there is more certainty about the effects and still time for such adaptation to be effective.

The RSES sets a new strategic planning and development framework up to the year 2040 when the initial predicted effects of climate change may have to be realised. It is imperative, therefore, that the predicted effects of climate change on flooding are considered in this process.

RFRA METHODOLOGY 3.9

The Guidelines recommend that due to the scale of flood risk at a regional level the emphasis of the appraisal should primarily follow a Stage 1 Flood Risk identification approach that will detect areas of future growth conflicting with flood risk, it will promote the sequential approach and help flag the need for more detailed FRAs at lower level development plans. As recommended by the Guidelines, the RFRA should address the following:

Summary plans/figures and statement showing the broad spatial distribution of flood risk and any potential conflicts with growth/development areas (shown in Figures in Section 4 );

Supplementary description of any areas of a region where addressing flood risk is especially important – e.g., central urban areas in Gateways or areas of development pressure, with a view to highlighting these as priority locations for further assessment of flood risk and/or the need for coordinated action at development plan level (Described in Section 4 for the growth settlements);

Suggested policies for sustainable flood risk management for incorporation into the RPGs (Section 5); and

Guidance on the preparation of city and county level SFRAs and the management of surface water run-off within new development, highlighting significant flood risk issues, potential infrastructure investment requirements and the need for co-operation between planning authorities and identifying any need for more detailed assessment (discussed in Section 4 for the growth settlements and Section 6).



4 HIGH LEVEL FLOOD RISK APPRAISAL

INTRODUCTION 4.1

The principal of the RFRA is to ensure the correct and appropriate application of The Guidelines to the RSES in accordance with the Sequential Approach and to highlight areas of potential flood risk that could impact on the growth strategies for development areas. The appraisal identifies the broad nature of flooding that may affect the three Metropolitan Areas and fourteen Key Towns identified in Table 4-1 below.

Table 4-1: Settlements

Settlement Typology Settlements

Metro City and Suburbs

Cork Metropolitan Area

Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan Area

Waterford Metropolitan Area

Key Towns

Carlow Clonakilty Clonmel

Dungarvan Ennis Gorey

Kilkenny Killarney Mallow

Nenagh Newcastle West Thurles

Tralee Wexford

There are several sources of relevant flood risk information available for the SRA geographical region. However, the main source used for this appraisal are the flood zones and flood extents generated as part of the CFRAM studies. These maps form part of the most comprehensive flood risk assessment ever undertaken in Ireland. They have been generated using expert hydrological and hydraulic assessments which have been calibrated against actual measured data insofar as possible. While the CFRAM studies are comprehensive, they are only focused on areas of significant risk, there are numerous other areas within settlements within the SRA geographic area which have local scale flooding issues and these need to be captured in SFRAs accompanying County/City Development plans and LAPs. For this assessment, where CFRAM flood zones and flood extents are not available, information has been supplemented by other sources such as the OPW Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA), and information from SFRAs for existing development plans. However, caution is advised when using flood risk indicators based on existing conditions (such as that portrayed by the PFRA) while such information is useful it should primarily be used to identify where furthermore detailed FRAs may be required for areas already at risk.

CFRAM STUDIES 4.2

The OPW has led the development of CFRAM Studies. The aim of these studies was to assess flood risk through the identification of flood hazard areas and the associated impacts of flooding. The flood hazard areas have been identified as being potentially at risk from significant flooding, including areas that have experienced significant flooding in the past. These studies have been developed to meet the requirements of the EU Directive on the assessment and management of



flood risks (the Floods Directive). The Floods Directive was transposed into Irish law by SI 122 of 2010 “European Communities (Assessment and Management of Flood Risks) Regulations 2010”.

The CFRAM Studies generated several outputs which have been utilised in the RFRA including:

Flood maps indicating modelled flood extents and flood zones for a range of flood events of annual exceedance probability (AEP).

FRMPs to manage flood risk within the relevant river catchment.

FLOOD ZONE MAPPING 4.3

Following the approach from the Guidelines, the flood zone mapping developed for the CFRAM studies has been utilised for the RFRA. Where flood zones have not been generated as part of the CFRAM process, the OPW PFRA Study flood extents or information from development plan SFRAs have been utilised as supplementary information. Due to the scale of this regional assessment, it was deemed appropriate to use the aforementioned data and, where non-flood zone information has been used, it has been highlighted in the assessments. Lower level development plans should identify flood zones where appropriate to identify areas of potential residual risk. The flood mapping has been used to enable SRA to apply ‘The Guidelines’ sequential approach to appraise lands for development.

The Guidelines state that the effect of flood defences should be ignored when determining flood zones, as defended areas still carry a residual risk from overtopping and failure of the defences. Because this residual risk of flooding remains, the sequential approach and the Justification Test apply to such defended locations. Under the Guidelines, from a planning perspective, to be considered a defended area the design standard of the scheme must protect that area for a 1% AEP flood event. Lower level plans should clearly identify defended areas as it can influence the sequential approach and flood risk assessment process.

CLIMATE CHANGE FLOOD MAPPING 4.4

The CFRAM studies have developed flood maps for the current scenario, and also for two potential future scenarios; the Mid-Range Future Scenario (MRFS) and the High-End Future Scenario (HEFS), taking into account the potential impacts of climate change and other possible future changes. These scenarios include for changes as set out in Table 4-2 below.

Table 4-2: Allowances in Flood Parameters for the Mid-Range and High-End Future Scenarios

Parameter MRFS HEFS

Extreme Rainfall Depths + 20% + 30%

Peak Flood Flows + 20% + 30%

Mean Sea Level Rise + 500 mm + 1000 mm

Land Movement - 0.5 mm / year1 - 0.5 mm / year1

Urbanisation Reviewed on Case-by-Case Basis Reviewed on Case-by-Case Basis

Forestation - 1/6 Tp2 - 1/3 Tp2

+ 10% SPR3 Note 1: Applicable to the southern part of the country only (Dublin – Galway and south of this). Note 2: Reduction in the time to peak (Tp) to allow for potential accelerated runoff that may arise as a result of drainage of afforested land. Note 3: Add 10% to the Standard Percentage Runoff (SPR) rate: This allows for temporary increased runoff rates that may arise following felling of forestry.



The MRFS flood extents have been assessed to identify lands that may be at risk of flooding in the future and these have used by SRA to apply ‘The Guidelines’ sequential approach to appraise lands for future development.

FLUVIAL FLOOD ZONE MAPPING REVIEW 4.5

These maps are the most comprehensive flood maps produced for Ireland since the introduction of the Guidelines and the Floods Directive. Confidence in the accuracy of the maps is considered to be high due to the robust nature of the CFRAM flood mapping process. However, where there are uncertainties, recommendations for further studies have been identified in the FRMPs. These studies will inform future revisions of the RSES.

FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLANS 4.6

The CFRAM FRMPs have identified a range of flood risk management objectives, options and plans for various settlements in the SRA geographic region. The OPW and local authorities have committed to implementing any recommendations from the FRMPs and will work in conjunction with each other to deliver any proposed flood alleviation schemes that are deemed appropriate and viable.

The FRMPs were published in May 2018 and outlined a series of proposed flood risk policy measures for the SRA region but also specific measures for each settlement that was within the scope of the CFRAM studies. The list of measures applicable to each settlement are outlined in their assessments and there are certain prevention and preparedness measures related to flood risk management that form part of wider Government policy. These measures, summarised below and included in Appendix A, should be applied as appropriate and as applicable across all areas of the SRA geographic area and included in development policies and regulations. For a full set of measures, local authorities should refer the relevant FRMP(s) for their area. These can be found at Floodinfo.ie.

Sustainable Planning and Development Management - Application of the Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk Management (DHPLG/OPW, 2009).

Implementation of SuDS.

Local Adaptation Planning - Consideration of Flood Risk in Local Climate Adaptation Planning.

Land Use Management and Natural Flood Risk Management Measures - Natural water retention measures where possible.

Minor Works Scheme - continue the Minor Works Scheme subject to the availability of funding.

Ongoing Appraisal of Flood Event Emergency Response Plans.

CFRAM studies also identified FRMPs and flood risk management measures for settlements not identified in the RSES and the RFRA. In this regard, Local Authorities should consult the FRMPs to ascertain if there are any proposed measures applicable to the lower level development plan or LAP study area.

https://www.floodinfo.ie/map/floodplans/



OTHER SOURCES OF FLOODING 4.7

4.7.1 Overview

The flood zones only account for inland and coastal flooding (where applicable). However, they should not be used to suggest that any areas are free from flood risk as they do not account for potential flooding from other sources.

4.7.2 Groundwater Flooding

The OPW PFRA also carried out a national scale a Groundwater Flooding Report which concludes that ground water flooding is largely confined to the West Coast of Ireland due to the hydrogeology of the area. Figure 4-1 shows the locations of indicative groundwater flooding which primarily located along the West coast. The PRFA report identified three broad regions of flooding including:

Lowland karst of the western lowlands in Counties Clare, Galway, southern Mayo and small parts of other counties.

Upland karst in County Roscommon and parts of Counties Clare, Limerick, Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim and Offaly (west, north-west and locally in midlands).

Other karst in the south and south-east and parts of the north-east.

The groundwater flooding is not located near the settlements identified in Table 4-1. Therefore, groundwater flooding is not addressed further in this RFRA due to the scale of the assessment but it should still be examined in lower level statutory plans. The SFRAs for the Clare and Limerick County Development Plans address groundwater flooding where it is relevant to their development plan areas. Large parts of County Clare are particularly vulnerable to groundwater flooding, especially in the northern half of the county. However, records of groundwater flooding are sparse and this source of flooding does not form part of the Flood Zone Maps for the County Development Plan. Where groundwater flooding is known, or suspected, to be a risk, the County Development Plan specified that a FRA should assess and propose mitigation for these risks.



Figure 4.1: PFRA Indicative Groundwater Flood Map

4.7.3 Pluvial Flooding

The OPW PFRA study also provides a national level screening of areas that are at potential risk of pluvial flooding. This is a very indicative study and is not addressed further in this RFRA due to the scale of the assessment but it should still be examined at further detailed in lower level development plans.

CONSIDERATION OF FLOOD RISK IMPACT AND SPATIAL PLANNING 4.8

The RSES proposes sustainable growth and development of the Metropolitan Areas and Key Towns. Regional Policy Objectives (RPOs) outlined in the RSES address proposed development that will help achieve the 11 no. RSOs. This section assesses the RPOs for each settlement and proposed development that will influence the RSOs from a flood risk perspective. The key development strategies in the following areas have been reviewed against the key flood risk information outlined previously in this section.

The fluvial flood risk in the Southern Region is characterised by the substantial river catchments including the Shannon, Nore, Barrow, Slaney, Blackwater, Suir and Lee as well as smaller steeper catchments draining to various points of the coastline. Historically, these have caused widespread fluvial flooding to urban and agricultural areas in this region. The southern region coastline has also been impacted by coastal flooding including Cork City and Waterford City and coastal erosion is also an issue particularly along the Wexford coast. Combined fluvial, pluvial and coastal flooding is an issue in Cork City and other coastal communities.



4.8.1 Cork Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP)

Figure 4.2: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Cork Metropolitan Area

Flood Zone Mapping

CFRAM Flood Zones and Flood Extent mapping



Commentary

Figure 4.3: Map of the Cork City Metropolitan Area

The Cork City Metropolitan Area includes Cork City Centre, Cork Harbour, and City Suburbs at its core as well as the Metropolitan Towns of Ballincollig and Glanmire (in Cork suburbs), Carrigaline, Midleton, Cobh, Carrigtwohill, Passage West, Blarney and the location of Monard Strategic Development Zone. Strategic economic locations include Cork City Centre, Cork Docklands, UCC, CIT, CUH, Cork Science and Innovation Park, Port of Cork, Cork Airport, Ringaskiddy, Little Island, Carrigtwohill and Whitegate Energy Park. Figure 4-3 shows the extents of the Cork Metropolitan Area.

The Cork MASP specifically identified the Cork City Centre, the Cork City Docks, the Cork City Suburbs, Tivoli, Mahon, Ballincollig, Glanmire, and Kilbarry-Blackpool as principal locations for further development. The Mahon, Ballincollig, and Kilbarry-Blackpool locations are not within Flood Zones A or B and are not at severe risk for flooding damage. Parts of the other areas are located within both flood zones. Furthermore, these locations have limited flood defences which add to their vulnerability to flooding damage. The Additional information regarding the infrastructure priorities for these areas is included in the “Cork MASP City Centre Consolidation and Regeneration” and “Cork MASP City Suburban Area Consolidation, Regeneration and Light Rail Corridor” sections further down in this table.



Sustainable Distribution of Employment

Growth

Seek the sustainable distribution of employment growth to consolidate and regenerate existing strategic employment locations, acknowledging older established, lower density industrial areas in the City and Suburbs and other locations may need to transition under next Core Strategies to higher density, higher value mixed use employment locations, subject to initiatives and analysis at City/County Development Plans.

Strategic employment locations shall be integrated and made accessible via a Cork Metropolitan Area Transport Strategy with significantly enhanced public transport and sustainable travel infrastructure. City and County Development Plans shall reinforce the requirements for Mobility Management Plans to maximise the use of public transport and sustainable travel modes to significant employment locations.

These sites (if not already done so) should be assessed in accordance with the Guidelines and circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). Development should follow the sequential approach and address the site layouts with respect to vulnerability of the proposed development types, finished floor levels should be above the 1% and 0.1% AEP levels where appropriate and flood resilient construction materials and fittings may need to be considered. These developments should not impede existing flow paths or cause flood risk impacts to the surrounding areas.

Population Growth

The Population Growth Projections for the City and Suburbs and Rest of Metropolitan Area as set by the NPF and clarified in the Cork MASP shall be applied within the Core Strategies of Local Authority Development Plans as:

A minimum of 50% of all new housing targeted for Cork City and suburbs to occur within its existing urban footprint, through brownfield, infill and regeneration.

At least 30% of all new housing targeted for settlements elsewhere in the Cork Metropolitan area is to occur within the existing urban footprints of those settlements through brownfield, infill and regeneration.

The distribution of targeted growth shall align with the sustainable land use transportation planning objectives identified in the Cork MASP.

These sites will be a mixture of greenfield sites for development, brownfield sites for regeneration or existing residential areas for infill and consolidation development. These sites (if not already done so) should be assessed in accordance with the Guidelines and circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). Development should follow the sequential approach and address the site layouts with respect to vulnerability of the proposed development types, finished floor levels should be above the 1% and 0.1% AEP levels where appropriate and flood resilient construction materials and fittings may need to be considered.

Cork MASP Objective: Cork

City

Seek delivery of the following subject to the required appraisal, planning and environmental assessment processes.

(a) To strengthen the consolidation and regeneration of Cork City Centre to drive its role as a vibrant living, retailing and working city, the economic, social and cultural heart of the Cork Metropolitan Area and Region.

(b) Seek investment to achieve the infrastructure led brownfield regeneration of the Cork City Docklands and Tivoli as high quality, mixed use sustainable waterfront urban quarters, transformative projects which set national and international good practice standards in innovation, green and quality design, exemplary urbanism and place making.

(c) Seek investment to achieve regeneration and consolidation in the city suburbs.

(d) To strengthen the attributes and opportunities for the city centre, including transformative initiatives such as the City Centre Strategy and other initiatives as identified by the City Development Plan (existing and future).

All development required to achieve this objective should be assessed in accordance with the Guidelines and circular PL02/2014 (August 2014).



Cork MASP Objective: Flood Risk

Management

Seek investment in the sustainable development of the Lower Lee Flood Relief Scheme to enhance climate change resilience and flood risk management in the metropolitan area.

Cork MASP City Centre

Consolidation and

Regeneration

Strategic Residential (including mixed uses) and Regeneration Areas

Location Brief Description and Yield Infrastructure Priorities subject to required appraisal, planning and environmental assessment processes

City Centre The city centre is a vibrant mixed-use area made up of the commercial core area largely centred on the island and the adjacent historic areas such as Shandon and the South Parish. The City Centre is a growing vibrant location, with a 20% in population and a 10% increase in new businesses, and is supported by the SRA as a vibrant living location It has a Level 1 Retail Role. Globally, city centres are increasingly sought as the locations of choice for investors for combined living, working and high quality of life opportunities. Cork City is the key economic driver at the heart of the metropolitan area. Potential Residential Yield: 1,014 Plus significant employment potential from e.g. offices (capacity of permitted developments tbc) and hotel development (900 additional hotel beds due for delivery).

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. Of particular note: - Upgrade and development of inner city parks including Bishop Lucey Park

and public realm upgrades to city centre streets and pedestrian access to create an attractive environment for increased numbers of residents and workers.

- Acquisition of strategic inner-city sites to facilitate regeneration of vacant and underutilised areas.

- Mechanisms to promote redevelopment of strategic city blocks and the upgrading and reuse of existing buildings.

Cork City Docks The redevelopment of the North and South Docklands and Tivoli is one of the most significant urban regeneration schemes in Ireland and is a project of national significance. It will require significant investment in supporting infrastructure to allow it to proceed. The City Docks, over 160 ha, comprises the North and South Docks. Through Local Area Plan process, Cork City Council are seeking to regenerate the brownfield site as a sustainable, vibrant, mixed use socially inclusive quarter, an extension of the city centre, capitalising on its waterside setting, access to city centre public transport networks. Strong urban design and place making principles are at the core of the regeneration initiative.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. Of particular note: - The redevelopment of the docklands is strongly linked to the relocation of

Port activities from the city and development of new Port of Cork facilities in Ringaskiddy, the construction of the M28 Cork to Ringaskiddy and facilities at Marino Point.

- Cork Docklands is key to unlocking the travel demand for the proposed Light Rail system which will greatly enhance the potential for high density mixed use development in Docklands.

- For mobility: River crossings including Eastern Gateway Bridge and Mill Road Bridge, upgrades to Monahan Road, Centre Park Road and bridge approach roads, PT provision, transition area junction upgrades.

- Flood relief measures.



The regeneration of the Cork City Docks provides significant opportunities for new enterprise and employment uses. Potential Yield: 9,500 residential units. 29,000 jobs based on 920,000 sq.m office space.

- Marina Park, Kennedy Park, quayside amenities.

- Horgan’s Road relocation.

- Cultural and tourism infra.

- Education and health infra.

- Potential Brownfield Site remediation.

- Cross-river watermain to serve South Docks

Tivoli Lands at Tivoli docks are c.61.5 ha, strategically located at a gateway location to the city, bounded by the Cork-Cobh rail line. Through Local Area Plan process, Cork City Council are seeking to regenerate the brownfield site as a sustainable, vibrant residential and mixed use waterside quarter, optimising rail connectivity, pedestrian and cycle links to the Cork City Docklands and City Centre, unique waterside and gateway location and compliment uses with quality recreational amenities. The regeneration of Tivoli Docklands provides significant opportunities for new enterprise and employment uses. Potential Yield: At least 3,000 residential units. 4,000 jobs based on 50,000 sq.m office space.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. Of particular note: - Tivoli Docks will require a commuter rail station to allow it to be

sustainably developed at an appropriate density. - Upgrade to access roads including second access, park and quayside

amenities. - Relocation of SEVESO uses. - Site remediation

Cork City MASP Light Rail Corridor

Strategic Residential and Regeneration Areas


City Suburban Areas

The 20th

century suburbs of the city consist of residential areas interspersed with employment uses, institutions and social and community uses. There are many opportunities for redevelopment, particularly where non-residential uses rationalise or relocate freeing up infill and brown field sires for residential and other redevelopment Potential Residential Yield: 3,986 (this figure will grow as further “windfall” sites emerge).

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Investment in place making including upgrading the public realm and

provision of parks and community facilities.

North West Regeneration

A major housing regeneration initiative is underway in the north-west of the city focused on the Knocknaheeney and Hollyhill areas under the guidance of the North-West Regeneration Masterplan. Potential Residential Yield: 200 net additional

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas.



Mahon Mahon has developed with significant mixed use residential, enterprise and retail uses, has potential for further development of greenfield sites and intensification of former industrial lands and improved public transport connectivity. More FDI employment than anywhere else outside Dublin at over 8,000. Potential Residential Yield: 1,021 units.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - New public transport bridge and route linking via Bessboro to Mahon.

- Expansion and upgrading of amenity areas and walking/cycling routes.

Ballincollig Ballincollig is the largest and fastest growing town in Cork, building on its IT specialism and potential for improved public transport links to the City via the Cork Science and Innovation Park. Urban Expansion Area of Maglin. Potential Residential Yield 4,582 (includes Maglin UEA 3,570)

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Maglin Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages - CMATS recommendations re road network / public transport (LRT in

particular); - Waste Water Infrastructure upgrades. - Water Supply Upgrades. - Local Road improvements (Killumney Road Upgrade, Maglin Road

realignment); - Delivery of Cork Northern Ring Road; - Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy

Glanmire Glanmire is a main town and key growth centre in Metropolitan Cork set in an attractive, historic, woodland environment in close proximity to City Centre, the railway-line and Little Island Strategic Employment Area. Urban Expansion Area of Ballinglanna/Dunkettle. Potential Residential Yield: 1,567 (includes Ballinglanna/Dunkettle UEA 1,200 units).

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. Note not on Light Rail but close access to Suburban Rail

Cork City MASP Monard Strategic

Development Zone and Strategic

Residential Growth Nodes

on the Metropolitan

Rail Line

Strategic Residential and Regeneration Areas


Monard Strategic Development Zone

Monard is a planned new rail based Metropolitan Town between Blarney and Cork City. Potential Residential Yield: 5,000 units.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - SDZ Phased Infrastructure packages. - New Rail Station. - Cork Northern Ring Road and road access point. - Waste water Infrastructure (new trunk foul sewers required with interim

solution at Killeens WWTP and ultimate solution at Carrigrennan WWTP). - Water supply infrastructure (pump station and trunk main from



Churchfield reservoir plus 2 new reservoirs at Monard). - Upgrade of access routes serving Monard.

North Environs- Kilbarry-Blackpool

The Blackpool Valley, Kilbarry and the Old Whitechurch Road area have opportunities for significant mixed-use regeneration and residential and enterprise development providing a northern gateway to the city from the Limerick Road. Potential Residential Yield: 950 units. Significant global economic assets in ICT with Appel located in this area. The north environs will be re-invigorated through sustainable development of mixed use development in Ballyvolane, complementing the North Blackpool Local Area Pan. Urban Expansion Area of Ballyvolane: 3,600 units

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Ballyvolane Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages - Kilbarry Rail Station a key enabler. - Waste Water connections to Carrigrennan - Drinking Water supply infrastructure (new trunk mains, off-site reservoir

and pump station required) - Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy - Various Local Road improvements

Midleton Midleton is the largest town in East Cork, building on the success of the town’s rail connections to Cork City, building on its industrial base and specialist roles in food and beverage sector and building on its tourism assets. Urban Expansion Area of Water Rock. Potential Residential Yield 5,255 units (includes Water Rock UEA 2,460 units.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Water Rock Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages: - New rail station. - Pump station and rising main solution to Carrigtwohill WWTP (medium

term solution); - Midleton Water Supply upgrade; - Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy; - Inter-urban greenway and other public transport measures (as outlined in

CMATS); - N25 Upgrade including interchange and slip road improvements; - Improvements to Lakeview Roundabout and Banshane junction with N25; - New Bridge over rail line connecting to N25 upgrade; - Midleton Northern Relief Road; - Waste Water Management Strategy for Cork Harbour.

Cobh Cobh is the third largest of the Metropolitan Towns, building its potential for greater employment self-sufficiency, optimizing its accessibility on the rail line to Cork City and wider Metropolitan Cork and building on its unique heritage and tourism assets. Urban Expansion Area of Ballynoe Valley Residential Yield: 1,570 (includes Ballynoe Valley UEA 700 units).

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Ballynoe Valley Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages: - Improved road access between N25 and Cobh Town (R624 upgrade to

national road); - Local Road improvements (approach road between Belvelly Bridge and



Cobh Cross, the L-2989-30 and Tay Road); - Public transport improvements (CMATS) connecting Cobh to Cork

City/Little Island; - Improved pedestrian and cycle connectivity from UEA to the town centre

and rail station; - Cork Lower Harbour Sewerage Scheme (upgrade due to be completed

2019); - Water Supply Upgrades; - Upgrade of Cobh North WWTP; - Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy; - Belvelly Bridge upgrade and/or new bridge (Potential IROPI).

Carrigtwohill Carrigtwohill is one of County Cork’s fastest growing settlements, maximising rail connectivity and the economic potential of the town as a Strategic Employment Area through the IDA Business Park. Urban Expansion Area Carrigtwohill North. Residential Yield: 3,285 (includes Carrigtwohill North UEA

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Carrigtwohill North Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages - Public transport improvements (CMATS) including new rail station and

interurban greenway connecting town to Cork and Midleton; - Carrigtwohill Water Supply upgrade; - Various Local Road improvement works required including bridge/access

solution for pedestrians and cyclists; -N25 upgrade including interchange improvements; - Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy; - Town Regeneration Project

Blarney Blarney is a Metropolitan town and significant regional tourist centre optimizing its accessibility on the rail line. Urban Expansion Area of Stone View. Residential Yield: 3,555 (includes Stoneview UEA 2,600 units.

As per Ch 3 Objective on investment for holistic infrastructure for metropolitan areas. - Stone View Urban Expansion Area Phased Infrastructure Packages. - Public transport improvements (CMATS) including re-development of rail

station - Junction to N20; - New road over rail bridge and improvements to existing bridge; - New link road to Blarney via Lower Sheen Road; - Local Road improvements required including R617 and Station Road

upgrades; - Upgrade Waste Water infrastructure – new trunk sewer required to north

of City linking to Carrigrennan (there may be an interim solution at Blarney WWTP);

- Upgrade required to Water Supply infrastructure (network extension pump station and off site main from Blarney);

- Sustainable Urban Drainage Strategy;



Existing - Flood Risk

Management Measures

There is an existing Flood Relief Scheme in Tower providing protection to properties in that community.

The Midleton Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2016 following major flooding in December 2015. It is currently at Outline Design stage, with consultants having been appointed by Cork County Council in 2016. It is expected to go to construction in 2019/2020 and to be completed in the following two years. The Scheme, which comprises permanent tidal and fluvial Flood Defence walls and/or embankments in the town should the preferred solution from the River Lee Catchment Flood Risk Management Plan be eventually identified as the preferred option. It is expected to provide protection against a 200-Year tidal flood (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) and a 100-Year fluvial flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for 246 properties against flooding from the Dungourney and Owenacurra Rivers.

Proposed - Flood Risk

Management Measures

The Blackpool Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2013 following major flooding in 2012. It is currently at the Detailed Design stage and is expected to go to construction in 2018. The Scheme, which comprises conveyance improvement, flood defence embankments and walls and pumping stations, is expected to provide protection against the 100-Year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for about 285 properties from the River Bride.

The Lower Lee Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2013 following major flooding in 2009 and 2012. It is currently at the Outline Design and Exhibition stage and is expected to go to construction in 2018. The Scheme comprises of Flood Defences along the River Lee downstream of Inniscarra dam and through Cork city, changes to the operating procedures for the Carrigadrohid and Inniscarra reservoirs for the purposes of flood risk management (as may be facilitated by the proposed Flood Defences) and a flood forecasting system to help guide decision-making on dam discharges and, if necessary, the erection of temporary / demountable defences downstream and in Cork City. The Scheme is expected to provide protection against the 100-year fluvial flood (1.0% Annual Exceedance Probability) from the River Lee, and against the 200-year tide (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) for about 2,100 properties.

The Douglas Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2014 following major flooding in 2012. It is currently at the Outline Design and Planning stage and is expected to go to construction in 2018. The Scheme, that comprises conveyance improvement, culvert removal and replacement, Flood Defence walls and a trash screen, is expected to provide protection against the 100-Year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for about 130 properties from the Ballybrack Stream in Douglas, as well as about 100 properties from the Tramore River in Togher.

The Glashaboy Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2014 following major flooding in 2012. It is currently at Confirmation stage under the Arterial Drainage Acts and is expected to go to construction in 2018. The Scheme, that comprises Flood Defence embankments and walls, culverts and bridge works, vegetation clearing, individual property protection, and a pumping station is expected to provide protection against the 100-Year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for about 98 properties from the Glashaboy River, as well as protection for a further 19 properties against the 200-Year (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) tide.

A flood relief scheme for Little Island was developed under the Lee CFRAM Study and proposed for progression to implementation in the Lee CFRAM Study. The proposed measure consists of the installation of a sluice gate under the N25 to prevent the natural propagation of tidal water into low lying lands to the north of the N25 and is expected to provide protection against a 200-Year flood (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability).

The development of a tidal flood forecasting system was proposed for Passage West under the Lee CFRAM Study.

The Carrigaline Flood Relief Scheme has been under review to confirm the technical aspects and viability, and, subject to outcomes, will then progress to Outline Design and Planning.



A flood relief scheme for Cobh was developed under the Lee CFRAM Study. The proposed measure consisting of Flood Defence walls to protect 8 properties against the 200-Year tide (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) has a Benefit-Cost Ratio of 0.9. The Lee CFRAM Study proposed carrying out a review of the technical and economic aspects of the proposed scheme to establish viability.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Cork City. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-2. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the MASP area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in all SFRAs informing County and City Development Plans and Local Area Plans. The flood risk to the MASP area is both coastal and fluvial flooding, especially near the city centre.

Flood Risk Impact and Spatial Planning Integration

The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A and B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. Applications for major development within these areas required a site-specific flood risk assessment to ensure no increase in flood risk to the development and surrounding areas. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines. Cork City Council and Cork County Council have undertaken SFRAs in accordance with the Guidelines for the city and each Municipal District (which includes the city suburbs and main towns within the MASP). These SFRAs followed the sequential approach and have recommended that site specific FRAs be undertaken where appropriate. They used the draft Lee CFRAMs flood mapping and outlined a commitment to update the SFRAs and revised accordingly, when the updated study maps and recommendations of South West CFRMP / Lee CRFMP (River Catchment Framework Management Plan) were made available.

Recommendations for Flood Risk Management

Several key growth locations within the Cork City Metropolitan Area are vulnerable to flooding from both Zones A and B. These areas include the Cork City Centre, the Cork City Docks, Glanmire, Midleton, and Tivoli. Currently, there are no flood protection measures in place to mitigate the potential damage from flooding. As detailed above the Lower Lee CFRAM, the final outputs from this study should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver any proposed flood alleviation schemes that are deemed appropriate and viable. Planning authorities should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the Lee FRMP. Development in accordance with the sequential approach and use of the justification test are advised for these areas. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.

Opportunities for Joint Studies

Cork City Council and Cork County Council should identify areas where there is potential for joint studies to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans. Where it is found to be necessary the planning authorities should prepare joint studies to address flood risk issues.

http://www.corkcitydevelopmentplan.ie/images/Downloads/Environmental_Assessments.pdf

http://corklocalareaplans.com/



4.8.2 Limerick Shannon Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP)

Figure 4.4: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Limerick Shannon Metropolitan Area

Flood Zone Mapping CFRAM Flood Zones and Flood Extent mapping

Commentary

CFRAM Flood Zone boundaries indicate the presence of Flood Zones A and B along the River Shannon from the Limerick City Centre west along Dock Road, on King’s Island, on Grove Island, and along the R445 east to Kilmurry Park. In the city centre, there are several blocks of commercial, office and retail buildings that are vulnerable to Zone A and B flooding.



The Limerick-Shannon MASP identified the following locations are areas prioritized for future development:

Arthur’s Quay

Castletroy

City Centre

Cleeves

EVA

Georgian Quarter

Limerick Docklands

Mungret

Opera Site

Red Mile

University Hospital Limerick

University of Limerick

Among these areas Arthur’s Quay, EVA, Georgian Quarter, Mungret, Opera Site, Red Mile, University Hospital Limerick, and University of Limerick are not currently within either Flood Zone A or B. However, Castletroy, the City Centre, Cleeves, and the Limerick Docklands are all within either Flood Zone A or B with Castletroy and Cleeves lying within both flood zones. The source of flooding for these regions is mostly coastal with the only exception being Castletroy. These areas are also largely undefended with the exception of the Limerick Docklands which is partially defended.

In addition to these sites, the Limerick-Shannon MASP also identified six other sites as employment hubs for the Limerick-Shannon metropolitan area. These areas include the Plasey National Tech Park, Annacotty Industrial Estate, Ballysimon, Raheen Industrial Estate, Dock Road, and Clondrinagh. Of these sites, only Annacotty, Raheen, and Clondrinagh are not located within either A or B Flood Zones. Plasey and Ballysimon are both located within A and B Flood Zones and are also undefended. Dock Road is located within Zone B but does have some flood defences in place.

Mid-West SPA Objective

1. The RSES recognises that for the Mid-West SPA to prosper and development in a sustainable manner, a strong Limerick City is paramount. The RSES supports the regeneration and continued investment into Limerick City Centre by Limerick City and County Council through Limerick 2030 including the growth in employment as a key priority.

2. The RSES supports the provision of excellent public transportation, walking and cycling facilities to reinforce the role of the city and to create a green and healthier environment.

3. The RSES supports enhanced connectivity to surrounding settlements, in particular the Key Towns of Ennis, Nenagh, Thurles, Shannon and Newcastle West.

4. The RSES supports enhanced inter regional connectivity to all other Metropolitan Areas i.e. Dublin, Galway, Cork and Waterford.



5. The RSES will seek investment in the implementation and sustainable development of strategic road infrastructure for Limerick City and its improved connectivity to the wider region. This will include the delivery of the following:

Improved inter regional connectivity including M20 Limerick to Cork and the upgrading of the N24 to motorway standard between Limerick and Waterford.

Limerick Northern Distributer Route.

N69 Foynes to Limerick road upgrade.

Improved accessibility to Limerick Southside including the possible provision of a motorway interchange connection from the M20/M7 to Limerick Southside.

Upgrade of arterial roads from the motorway network to increase capacity including the provision of public transport infrastructure and Park and Ride, including, for example, R527 Dock Road, R445 Dublin Road, including Junction 28 and R527 Tipperary Road.

Development and promotion of existing intercity rail and commuter links between Limerick and Dublin. Cork, Galway, together with Ennis, Nenagh, Thurles and Clonmel.

6. The SRA will seek investment in infrastructure that will deliver sustainable growth for Limerick City. This may include, inter alia, Water and Waste Water infrastructure, connectivity, broadband, sustainable transport, public realm, regeneration and urban renewal.

7. The RSES supports the ongoing work and delivery of Limerick 2030 including the Opera, Hanging Gardens and Cleeves Sites, as well as other strategic development sites such as the Limerick Docklands.

8. The RSES supports city centre transformation projects for Limerick, as per the Limerick 2030 Economic and Spatial Plan.

9. The RSES recognised that River Shannon offers a recreational and natural resource to Limerick City and the opportunity to create Urban Blue Corridors. In this regard, the guidance document “Planning for Watercourses in the Urban Environment” published by Inland Fisheries Ireland provides an integrated watercourse protection strategy which should be considered. These guidelines provide Planning Authorities with a template for the protection and enhancement of rivers in urban areas which can bring the positive benefits of the “Wild River” to settlements.

Development to meet these goals will a require mixture of greenfield sites for development, brownfield sites for regeneration or existing residential areas for infill and consolidation development. These sites (if not already done so) should be assessed in accordance with the Guidelines and circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). Development should follow the sequential approach and address the site layouts with respect to vulnerability of the proposed development types, finished floor levels should be above the 1% and 0.1% AEP levels where appropriate and flood resilient construction materials and fittings may need to be considered. These developments should not impede existing flow paths or cause flood risk impacts to the surrounding areas.

Existing - Flood Risk Management Measures

The Clancy Strand works were constructed in the mid 2000’s. The works comprise flood defence walls and demountable barriers and provides protection against the then view of the 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event from the River Shannon for 100 properties. These works were undertaken by Limerick City Council with funding from the OPW and are maintained under local authority duties.



The Sir Harry’s Mall works were constructed in the mid 2000’s. The works comprise flood defence walls and provides protection against the then view of the 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event from the Abbey River for 134 properties. These works were undertaken by Limerick City Council with funding from the OPW and are maintained under Local Authority duties.

The Howleys Quays works were constructed in circa 2012. The works comprise flood defence walls and demountable barriers was part of a public realm project and provides protection against the then view of the 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event from the River Shannon. These works were undertaken by Limerick City Council with some funding from the OPW and are maintained under local authority duties.

The King’s Island Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2014 following major flooding in February 2014. It is currently at preliminary design stage and is expected to go to planning in 2018. An advanced phase at Verdant Place has been completed. The Scheme comprises tidal flood defences embankments and walls, pumping stations and is expected to provide protection against a 0.5% AEP (200 year) coastal event for 473 properties (as estimated by ARUP/JBA) from the River Shannon, Abbey River and tidal events.

Proposed - Flood Risk Management Measures

The proposed measures for Limerick City that may be implemented after project-level assessment and planning or Exhibition and confirmation might include;

Structural flood defences.

Limerick Port Area – This area provides a flow path in the 0.5% Coastal AEP flood event and as a result a number of properties are at risk of flooding in the area. This risk can only be reduced/removed with the use of structural defences. There is a significant challenge in providing flood defences while also not disrupting the ports activities. This measure includes demountable defences along two sections of the port. There are existing mitre gates that enclose deep water in the freight dock. Mitre gates can only resist deep water on one side of the gate. In the 0.5% coastal AEP design event the high tide in the Shannon estuary will exceed the water level inside the dock and overtop the existing gates. To provide protection from the 0.5% Coastal AEP flood event a pair of opposed gates are required, opening outwards away from each other. A new set of mitre gates that open out into the estuary are included as part of this measure.

Upgrade the existing culvert on the Ballysheedy watercourse. Larger culvert box to be provided. The culvert is approximately 425m long. Some dredging (deepening and widening) of the stream is required for a distance upstream of the culvert entrance. The exact alignment of the culvert to be reviewed at detailed design stage.

Upgrade three existing culverts on the Ballincurra (Creek).

Upstream lock gates on the Plassey Canal - The existing canal lock gates need to be replaced as part of this measure. The new lock gates will be higher than the existing gates and be capable of retaining flood water on the upstream side to a level of 6.5m AoD Malin.

Downstream lock gates on the Plassey Canal – The existing downstream lock gates have been assumed to be in good condition Limerick City 58 and capable of performing a coastal flood defence function up to a level of 5.1m AoD Malin. Therefore, the existing lock gates must be maintained as part of the measure.

Mill Race Watercourse - Two sluice gates capable of retaining coastal flood water to a level of 5m AoD Malin are required on the Mill Race watercourse.



Ballygrennan watercourse – As part of this measure a new flapped outfall is required on this watercourse at the R464 road culvert. Two/three top-hinged rectangular tide gates are required to flap the outfall. An online storage area is required.

Mount Shannon Road - Structural flood defences are required in this area. Demountable flood gates will also be required to maintain access.

Raise 500m section of the Old Cratloe Road.

Public Awareness for properties.

Flood Risk Management Plan for the Shannon Upper and Lower River Basin

A Flood Forecasting system for the Lower Shannon will also apply as part of this measure.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Limerick City. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-4. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the MASP area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in all SFRAs informing County and City Development Plans and Local Area Plans. The flood risk to the MASP area is both coastal and fluvial flooding.


The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A and B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. Applications for major development within these areas required a site-specific flood risk assessment to ensure no increase in flood risk to the development and surrounding areas. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.


The Limerick-Shannon MASP identified 17 locations for future growth within the Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan area. Most of these locations do not lie within either Zone A or B but seven of the locations lie in at least one of these flood zones. Additionally, only two locations have flood defences in place, albeit that these defences only provide partial protection. While Limerick is affected by both fluvial and coastal flooding, none of the growth locations within Limerick are simultaneously affected by both of these flood sources. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined various proposed flood risk management schemes that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver any proposed flood alleviation schemes that are deemed appropriate and viable. Planning authorities should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans. Existing schemes, proposed schemes and currently on going schemes (at various stages of the planning and construction process) will influence the ability to develop land and this should be considered in accordance with The Guidelines at SFRA stage.




Planning authorities that share administrative boundaries should identify areas where there is potential for joint studies to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans. Where it is found to be necessary the planning authorities should prepare joint studies to address flood risk issues.



4.8.3 Waterford Metropolitan Area Strategic Plan (MASP)

Figure 4.5: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in the Waterford Metropolitan Area

Flood Zone Mapping CFRAM Flood Zones and Flood Extent mapping

Commentary

The Waterford MASP identified two areas within the City as future growth locations; the City Centre and the North Quays. The City Centre is not located within the A or B flood zones. The North Quays, however, are located within both flood zones. The Quays are also undefended from flooding. Because of Waterford’s location near the coastline, there is also risk from coastal flooding in add ition to the risk of fluvial flooding.




The Waterford City Flood Alleviation Scheme was initiated in 1994 and was constructed from 2008 to 2015. The Scheme comprises of flood defence walls, embankments, flood gates and pumping stations for storm water that would otherwise accumulate behind the defences. It provides protection against a 200-Year flood (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) for 615 properties against flooding from Waterford Harbour, the River Suir Estuary and the Johns River.


N/A

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Waterford City. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-5. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the MASP area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in all SFRAs informing County and City Development Plans and Local Area Plans. The flood risk to the MASP area is both coastal and fluvial flooding.




The Waterford MASP identified the Waterford City Centre and the North Quays as future growth locations. The City Centre is protected from both Zone A and B flooding by flood walls. The North Quays, though, is not protected and is vulnerable to both coastal and fluvial flooding. Any development along the North Quays should follow the Sequential Approach and the Justification Test.


Planning authorities that share administrative boundaries should identify areas where there is potential for joint studies to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans. Where it is found to be necessary the planning authorities should prepare joint studies to address flood risk issues.



4.8.4 Key Town – Carlow

Figure 4.6: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Carlow

Flood Zone Mapping CFRAM Flood Zone mapping

Commentary

The Burren and Barrow rivers are the primary sources of flooding within Carlow. The Barrow runs north to south along Carlow’s western edge and the Burren runs east to west until it intersects with the Barrow near the Carlow town centre. Both rivers’ floodplains are mostly contained within green space and natural preserves outside of the town centre. Within the town centre the Zone A and B floodplains extend into areas zoned as Town Centre and residential. There is, however, existing flood defence walls protecting the Town Centre from the 1% AEP flood event. There is also a large residential area in the southeast of the town, bounded by the Burren to the west and south, Hanover Road to the north, and a railway to the east, that lies largely within both the Zone A and B floodplains.



South East SPA

Key Town

Carlow Town has a strategic location in the South-East Waterford City Region and has a pivotal inter-regional role with strategic strong links to Midlands and Greater Dublin Area supported by good access to transport infrastructure through its location on the M9 Dublin- Waterford Motorway, Dublin-Waterford Rail line and the N80, National Road linking Rosslare Europort to the Midlands. Carlow had a population of 24,272 in 2016 and is a regional centre for education, healthcare, public services, shopping and arts, culture, leisure and recreation for a wide area extending into Counties Laois, Kildare and Wicklow.

The town has grown to become an important centre of education and research with IT Carlow (ITC) and St. Patricks College located in the town as well as the Teagasc Agricultural Centre. The ITC will become a campus of the TUSE, which will expand the footprint and influence of the 3rd level in the town. The town is an import centre for Employment & Innovation with notable companies being Merck, UNUM and Netwatch.

Urban Regeneration Most sites in the town centre in Flood Zones A and B are in the defended area of the flood protection scheme. This shall allow continued regeneration of the town centre but it should still be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines specifically circular PL02/2014 (August 2014).


The Carlow Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 1996 following severe flooding in 1995 and was constructed from 2010 to 2013. The Scheme, which comprises flood defence walls and embankments along the River Barrow and Burren Stream with a pumping station at their confluence, provides protection against a 100-Year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for 185 properties.


The proposed further measure consists of building hard defences, at risk properties would be protected by a series of flood embankments on the Burren River and on the Knocknagee Stream in the Castle Oaks area. These hard defences would protect to the 1% AEP fluvial flood event with an estimated average height of 1.1m and a total length of 276m.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Carlow. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-6. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.


The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A and B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. FRAs should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines and the sequential approach for these sites to be developed in a sustainable manner and avoid flood risk. Flood extents for the Mid-Range and High-End Future Climate Change scenarios show a number of additional properties likely to be impacted. Adaptation of proposed FRMP measures would require additional lengths and heights of hard defences to provide the required Standard of Protection. Whilst the proposed measure has moderate adaptability other measures including Natural Flood Risk Management Measures may be adopted to monitor and adapt the scheme. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.




As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans. An assessment of climate and catchment changes shows Carlow has been identified as being susceptible to flooding from climate change scenarios. The proposed flood alleviation measures should be designed to incorporate the potential impacts of climate change or be adaptable to increase the height of defences to provide the required SoP, or other measures including Natural Flood Risk Management Measures may be adopted to monitor and/or adapt the scheme.


Laois, Carlow, and Kildare county councils should collaborate on future SFRAs for the Carlow area to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans.



4.8.5 Key Town – Clonakilty

Figure 4.7: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Clonakilty


Commentary

The Clonakilty Town Centre is referenced within the SRA SPA as a location supported through the RSES. The SPA profile states the following:

“Supports a vibrant, culturally-rich and revitalised town centre in Clonakilty noted for its urban design qualities with enhanced tourism facilities, social inclusion, sustainable neighbourhoods and a high level of environmental quality to ensure an excellent quality of life for all.”



Much of the town centre within Clonakilty is susceptible to both Zone A and B flooding. The Fealge River winds itself through the town centre and presents flooding hazards for the areas immediately adjacent to its banks. The flood source is both fluvial and coastal, but the Town currently lacks flood defences to protect the Town Centre from flood levels.

South West SPA

Key Town

The SRA supports the role of Clonakilty as a Key Town and driver of growth in West Cork and driver of regional prosperity by harnessing its strategic location between the Cork Metropolitan Area and N71 corridor connecting with locations of agriculture, food production. Innovative enterprise, marine, port and fishing harbours and tourism and renewable energy assets in West Cork and the wider South West region. The SRA will seek investment in the sustainable development of Clonakilty as a “West Cork Strategic Employment Centre” to promote its development as a sub-regional centre of employment and population, high standard of access to education and cultural facilities and infrastructure to protect the environmental quality of Clonakilty Bay.



N/A


The Clonakilty Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2014. It is currently at detailed design stage and is expected to go to construction in 2018. The Scheme, that comprises mainly of tidal Flood Defences walls and upstream storage in a retention basin upstream of the town, in addition to pump stations, localised defences and repair works to the existing channel banks, to provide protection against a 100-Year flood (1.0% Annual Exceedance Probability) for fluvial and a 200-Year flood (0.5% Annual Exceedance Probability) for tidal for 296 properties against flooding from either fluvial flooding, tidal flooding or both.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial and coastal flooding information for Clonakilty. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-7. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.


The areas within lands zoned future residential, educational and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A & B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. FRAs should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines and the sequential approach for these sites to be developed in a sustainable manner and avoid flood risk. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.




The Clonakilty flood relief scheme, once completed, will aid the town in protecting a large number of vulnerable structures from Zone A and B flooding, especially within the Town Centre. There is a greater risk within Clonakilty of flooding due to tidal and coastal flooding rather than fluvial flooding but both types of flooding are present and should be considered during planning or development. Until the flood relief scheme is fully constructed, flood risk assessments should be completed for any future development of residential or commercial structures. The scheme, however, is meant to only protect against the Zone A flooding. Therefore, planning authorities should use the sequential approach and justification test for any development within the unprotected Zone B flood zone.



4.8.6 Key Town - Clonmel

Figure 4.8: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Clonmel


Commentary

The town of Clonmel rests on the northern bank of the River Suir. The river presents a flood hazard for a large swath of the Clonmel town centre. Starting at the R671 in the west, there is Zone A and B for the vast majority of the town between the River Suir and the R678/Davis Road to the north only receding at the Moangarrif Roundabout east of Clonmel. This area encompasses a variety of planning zones including residential, commercial, recreation, and mixed use. South of the River Suir also is vulnerable to flood but the affected areas are largely zoned as recreation and amenity with a few smaller areas zoned as residential effected.



The South East SPA identified four areas within Clonmel for future development. These areas are Ballingarrane Park, Kickham Barracks, Main Street, and the Urban Centre. All of these sites, with the exception of Ballingarrane Park, lie within the Zone B floodplain due to fluvial floods from the River Suir. These sites are currently defended, though, so their risk of inundation remains low. Ballingarrane Park does not lie within either Flood Zone A or B.

South East SPA

Key Town

Clonmel, the largest town in County Tipperary, is situated on the River Suir close to the northern border of County Waterford. The town has an area of 11.6 sq. km. and a population of 17,140 people in the urban core. Clonmel is the main centre in the South Tipperary Urban Network and Transport Corridor - a linier network of towns that form part of the Strategic Inter-regional corridor between Waterford and Limerick with a combined population of 35,000. Clonmel is located on the N24, the Waterford-Limerick national primary route. The N24 westbound connects Clonmel to Junction 10 of the M8 Cork-Dublin motorway; while eastbound it links the town with Kilkenny via the N76 national secondary route. The railway station in Clonmel provides daily services to both Waterford and Limerick Junction, with mainline connections to Dublin, Cork and Limerick. The infrastructural improvements required to strengthen the South Tipperary Urban Network and Transport Corridor are identified below.

Clonmel is a vibrant and thriving town, a key regional centre for health social and cultural activities with a museum, arts centre, theatre, cinema and numerous sports clubs. The town plays host to regular lively festivals celebrating street theatre and music. The town is well served by many primary and secondary schools, is home to a third level campus - Limerick Institute of Technology, and is a hub for further training, research and development. High levels of educational attainment in the area offer an educated and skilled local workforce to the significant concentration of multinational companies located in the area, particularly in the pharma health care sector. In addition, the area also has a large presence of established indigenous companies that include national leaders in drink and construction supplies sectors. Clonmel has successfully attracted over 3,500 FDI jobs. There are two hospitals situated in Clonmel town, the South Tipperary General Hospital and St. Luke’s Psychiatric Hospital.



The Clonmel Flood Defence Scheme was constructed between 2008 to 2012. The Scheme comprises of flood defence walls, demountable elements, and embankments, channel conveyance improvements and pumping stations for storm water that would otherwise accumulate behind the defences. It provides protection against a 100 -Year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for 500 properties against flooding from the River Suir.


N/A



Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Clonmel. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-8. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.




Clonmel has widespread flood defences in place to account for Flood Zone A (1% AEP) flooding. These defences protect much of the town centre and Suir Island, the identified locations of the town’s future growth and regeneration. While Zone B flooding is still a risk for these areas, the town’s defences has greatly reduced the potential impact to people and property to allow for continued development by decreasing flooding risk.


Tipperary and Waterford county councils should collaborate on future SFRAs for the Clonmel area to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans.



4.8.7 Key Town – Dungarvan

Figure 4.9: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Dungarvan


Commentary

Dungarvan lies along the coast of the Celtic Sea and is bisected by the Colligan River. Based on CFRAM mapping, the town is not susceptible to fluvial flood but is vulnerable to coastal flooding. While some flood defences are in place to prevent coastal flooding, there are still some areas of the town that lie within Zone A and B flood zones and even some locations within the flood zone for the 10% AEP tidal event. Primarily, the areas within these flood zones are the residential areas along Strandside South and the mixed-use area just south of the Shandon Roundabout and west of the Waterford County Council Building. The zoning districts for Dungarvan are shown as “expired” on the MyPlan.ie website. As such, these zoning districts are provided for reference only.




The following Arterial Drainage Schemes and Drainage Districts have been completed and are maintained by the OPW or local authority respectively, in the Waterford South Coast River Basin.

Brickey AD Scheme: 1965-67, 29km of channel improvement, 3km of embankments, 3.85km2 of benefitting lands.

Shandon DD Scheme: Waterford County Council.


The proposed measure would consist of building hard defences within the Dungarvan Harbour and Colligan Estuary areas and the improvement of conveyance upstream of Ringphuca. At risk properties in the Dungarvan Harbour and Colligan Estuary areas would be protected by a series of flood walls and a flood gate at the Strand Side South slipway. The walls proposed within the Dungarvan Harbour area (i.e. in open coastal areas) would have to be designed to accommodate wave overtopping during the detailed design phase. These hard defences would protect at risk properties from the 1% AEP fluvial event and the 0.5% AEP coastal event with an average height of 1.2m and a total length of 1.3km. Although this Hard Defence option would be located within the Dungarvan SPA, it would protect a number of NIAH buildings along Strand Side South and the at risk properties within the Dungarvan urban area. At risk properties in the Ringphuca area would be protected by upgrading a culvert adjacent to the River Lane estate and widening the channel upstream. These improved conveyance methods would provide protection from the 1% AEP fluvial event and involve removing approximately 338m3 of sediment from within the channel and upgrading the culvert to a 2.1m x 1m box culvert.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Dungarvan. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-9. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.


The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A & B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. Applications for major development within these areas required a site-specific flood risk assessment to ensure no increase in flood risk to the development and surrounding areas. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.


The South East SPA profile did not specifically name future growth locations within Dungarvan but the majority of the town does not lie within flood zones A and B. There are, however, residential and commercial structures that currently lie within these flood zones as well as the 10% AEP flood zone. Some flood protection measures are in place which limit the extent of the flood zones, but additional flood protections measures could provide protection for the currently vulnerable areas. As detailed above, the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



4.8.8 Key Town – Ennis

Figure 4.10: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Ennis


Commentary

The River Fergus runs through the Ennis town centre as well as forms a natural boundary along the eastern edge of the town. There is a very wide and profound floodplain for both the Zone A and B floods east of the town which, although mostly open green space and agricultural land, does encompass about a half-dozen commercial and residential developments. Immediately to the north and east of the town centre, there are areas of mixed-use, residential, and community that lie within the Zone A and B floodplains. Most of the Flood Zone A areas within the town centre benefit from flood defences currently in place. The area along the western bank of the River Fergus between Bank Pl. and R352 is still a notable exception as it is only partially defended.



The Mid West SPA mentions three sites within Ennis as locations for future development. These sites include Barrack Square/Street, the Historic Town Centre and Bow Ways, and Parnell Street. Barrack Square is not located within either Zone A or B flood zones. The latter two sites, though, do lie within the Zone B flood zone. These sites are currently defended.

Mid-West SPA

Key Town

Given the population of Ennis and its strategic location relative to Limerick City, Galway City and Shannon International Airport, as well as its role as a centre of employment and economic activity within the region, the RSES supports Ennis as a key regional economic driver for the Mid-West and as a key location for investment and choice in the region. The RSES recognises that this is a positive economic proposition that should be supported and enhanced through initiatives such as the Atlantic Economic Corridor.

The RSES supports the delivery of the infrastructural requirements identified for Ennis.



The River Fergus Upper (Ennis) Certified Drainage Scheme was constructed from 2008 to 2010. The scheme comprises flood defence walls and pumping stations and provides protection against a 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event from the River Fergus for 450 properties. This scheme was undertaken by the OPW and is maintained as part of current duties.

The River Fergus Lower (Ennis) Certified Drainage Scheme commenced construction in 2013. It is expected that the Scheme will be completed in 2018, (Fior Uisce/Aughanteeroe contract). The scheme comprises flood defence walls, embankments and pumping stations and will provide protection against a 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event from the River Fergus for approximately 700 properties. This scheme is being undertaken by the OPW and will be maintained as part of current duties.


The Ennis South Flood Relief Scheme has received An Bord Pleanála approval and is expected to go to construction in 2019. The scheme comprises flood defence embankments and flow diversion culverts and is expected to provide protection against a 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event. The scheme is being implemented by Clare County Council with funding from the OPW.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Ennis. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-10. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.


The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone A & B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. Applications for major development within these areas required a site-specific flood risk assessment to ensure no increase in flood risk to the development and surrounding areas. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.




Ennis has in place flood defences protecting their identified areas of future growth and regeneration, including the Town Centre and Parnell Street. These areas are protected from Zone A flooding but do not eliminate the risk to Zone B flooding. As detailed above Ennis has a number of schemes due to be completed. Completion of these schemes will aid Local Authorities to review the land zones adjacent to theses defences in accordance with the Guidelines to make informed strategic development decisions. The planning authorities should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans. Existing schemes, proposed schemes and currently on going schemes (at various stages of the planning and construction process) will influence the ability to develop land and this should be considered in accordance with The Guidelines at SFRA stage.



4.8.9 Key Town – Gorey

Figure 4.11: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Gorey


Commentary

There is not a profound presence of either Zone A or B flood zones within Gorey, according to CFRAM mapping. The areas that are affected by Zone A or B are largely confined to the areas immediately adjacent to the River Banoge and its tributaries. The town has identified several areas as key to future development and economic growth, such as the Town Centre, the M11 Business Park, Gorey Business Park and Ballyloughlan Business Park. None of these growth locations are currently within either Zone A or B flood zones. There are a few locations where Zone A or B flood zones may present flooding issues for existing structures, but overall the town does not appear to be at high risk for flooding.



Flood Risk Management Measures

There is a relatively low level of flood risk to this community from rivers and/or the sea, and no structural flood relief measures are therefore proposed at this time. The current level of risk will be reviewed, along with all areas, on a regular basis into the future.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Gorey. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-11. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.




Flood zones A and B are very minimally present within the town of Gorey. None of the areas the town has identified as key to future development and economic growth are currently within either Zone A or B flood zones. Despite the low risk for flooding currently in Gorey, best practices when considering future development in the town should be considered. Detailed development plans and review by the planning authorities will help keep flood risk low within Gorey.



4.8.10 Key Town – Kilkenny

Figure 4.12: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Kilkenny


Commentary

Kilkenny is bisected by the River Nore. The Breagagh River also flows through the city from west to east until it intersects the Nore about 150m downstream of Green’s Bridge. Development along the banks of the Nore is relatively dense between Green’s Bridge in the north and R887 Bridge in the south. Flooding over the banks of the river between these bridges is extensive for both Flood Zones A and B, especially over the western bank. Similarly, flooding for Zones A and B also extend over the banks of the Breagagh between the R695 Bridge to the west and the River Nore to the east. These areas susceptible to flooding are mostly zoned for M2 (General Business) but also contain smaller areas zoned for R2 (Existing Residential) and S5 (Community Areas). Flooding further upstream of Green’s Bridge and downstream of the R887 Bridge along the River Nore is mostly contained within areas zoned for parks or open green spaces and present



minimal risks to structures or people.

The South East SPA identified the Abbey Quarter as a location for future mixed-use development for Kilkenny. This location lies within the Zone A and B flooding from the River Nore but is protected by nearby flood defences.

South East SPA

Key Town

Kilkenny City had a recoded population in 2016 of 26,512 is the 4th largest settlement in the Southern Region. The City in a central location within the South-East Strategic Planning Area with good road and rail links to Dublin and the elsewhere. Kilkenny City is the 8th largest employment base in the state with a daytime working population of 13,738.

The City is internationally renowned as an historic medieval city with major tourist attractions and is also a popular conference location. The City has a significant employment base and is also an important regional centre for arts and culture including high profile annual festivals.

The attractive riverside location of the Abbey Quarter, site of the St. Francis Abbey and former Smithwick’s Brewery is the focus of a major urban regeneration programme and capable of delivering a new housing and employment in anew mixed-use city centre location.

Education and health are key regional functions of the Kilkenny with St. Luke’s Hospital and Aut Even Hospital serving a wide area of the region. There are growing connections with Waterford and Carlow Institutes of Technology, soon to become the TUSE.


(Nore Catchment)

The OPW has a statutory duty under the Arterial Drainage Act, 1945, and the Amendment of the Act, 1995, to maintain the Arterial Drainage and Flood Relief Schemes constructed by it under those Acts.

The statutory duty of maintenance for 4,600 km of river channel benefiting from Drainage District Schemes rests with the relevant Local Authorities.

A flood relief scheme has been implemented for Kilkenny (Nore Catchment) AFA and is maintained by the OPW. No additional measures specific to the Kilkenny (Nore Catchment) AFA are proposed.

Proposed - Flood Risk Management Measures (Breagagh Catchment)

Potentially viable structural flood relief measures have been investigated for Kilkenny (Breagagh Catchment). A technically viable flood relief scheme has been identified; however, a more detailed assessment of the costs and benefits will be completed to determine if the proposed Scheme is feasible.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Kilkenny. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-12. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.






The Abbey Quarter is the main focus of future growth for Kilkenny, according to the South East SPA profile. This area is currently protected from Zone A flooding by existing flood walls along the River Nore and the Breagagh River, which form the east and north boundaries of the quarter, respectively. The quarter still lies within the Zone B flood zone. Zone A flooding is very limited within Kilkenny due to widespread flood defences but much of the town centre still lies within the Zone B flood zone. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined a flood alleviation scheme for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



4.8.11 Key Town – Killarney

Figure 4.13: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Killarney


Commentary

Killarney has limited Zone A flooding but is vulnerable to more widespread Zone B flooding. The Zone A flooding is limited to one residential area and one commercial area. The residential area is the neighbourhood north of the River Flesk and immediately east of the N71 and the commercial area is along the R877 between St. Mary’s Cathedral and Beech Road. Both areas are also at risk for Zone B flooding. Elsewhere within Killarney there are many residential and commercial areas that are vulnerable to Zone B flooding. The largest of these is a residential area ranging from Ross Road to the west to the N71 to the east.

Areas identified for future development by the South West SPA, including the Áras Phádraig building, Ballycasheen Junction, Mission



Road/Beech Road, St. Finans, and the Killarney Town Centre, do not lie within either Flood Zones A or B.

South West SPA

Key Town

The SRA supports the role of Killarney as a driver of county and regional prosperity by harnessing its strategic location in relation to Cork and Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan Areas and its proximity to the Atlantic Corridor; its strong urban structure, existing tourism, retail, service and accommodation base; and other competitive advantages.



N/A


The proposed measure consists of Fluvial Flood Defences comprising of walls and embankments.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Killarney. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-13. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.




Within Killarney, there is minimal Zone A flooding risk. The limited areas of Zone A flood zone within the town are generally well contained within undeveloped areas. Flood Zone B does exist within the town to a greater degree but is limited to the areas in the south of the town on either side of the N71. Future development in these areas should consider the potential impacts of Zone B flooding and, when possible, adjust designs to account for this risk. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined a flood alleviation scheme for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



4.8.12 Key Town – Mallow

Figure 4.14: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Mallow


Commentary

Among the strategic issues identified within Mallow are the following:

Deliver a design led and infrastructure led development of strategic growth location in the North East and North West Urban Expansion Areas.

Investment in the public realm and urban renewal of opportunity sites of prime importance to the economic regeneration and urban fabric of Mallow Town including Carmichael Lane Car Park, Central Hotel Site, West of Shortcastle Street/North of West End, Corner of Bridge Street, South of West End and Site East of Shortcastle Street.



The sites mentioned within those issues have been selected as potential locations for future or further development. The North East and North West Urban Expansion Areas are not areas with significant flooding concerns. The Corner of Bridge Street and the site along Shortcastle Street on the other hand may be vulnerable to flooding. The Corner of Bridge Street is within the Zones A and B floodplains but is a defended area. If the flood defences in this area were to fail, there would be potentially significant flooding to structures. A portion of the site along Shortcastle Street is within the Zona A floodplain and may require flood defences or other flood mitigating measures.

South West SPA

Key Town

The SRA supports the role of Mallow as a Key Town and driver of growth in North Cork and driver of regional prosperity by harnessing its strategic location between the Cork and Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan Areas. The SRA will seek investment in the sustainable development of Mallow as a major centre of employment and population, building on the competitive economic advantages of Mallow and strengthening the role of tourism, where there is a high standard of access to educational and cultural facilities; and to provide the necessary infrastructure to ensure that the expansion and renewal of Mallow can be achieved without having adverse impacts on the receiving environment.



The Mallow Flood Relief Scheme was initiated in 2002 and it was constructed in phases between 2005 and 2013. The scheme, that comprises flood defence walls and embankments, demountable flood defence walls, flood relief culverts with trash and security screens, penstocks, conveyance improvement, and pumping stations, provides protection against a 100-year flood (1% Annual Exceedance Probability) for about 230 properties from the (Munster) Blackwater River.


N/A

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Mallow. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-14. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.






The town of Mallow has limited Zone A and B flooding, save for two locations along creeks in the northern half of the town. The flood zones along these creeks is generally well-contained and the town does have flood defences in place to help protect against flood risk. The town has identified a few locations for future growth and development that are unprotected and within Flood Zones A and B. Any development plans for these locations should identify flood mitigation or protection measures prior to beginning any construction or regeneration. Applying the sequential approach when creating development plans would be prudent to preventing future damage to people or property at these sites.



4.8.13 Key Town – Nenagh

Figure 4.15: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Nenagh


Commentary

The Mid West SPA identifies Nenagh as a Key Town within the catchment of Limerick City. The Civic Improvements to Nenagh Town Centre are specifically identified as an important infrastructure requirement for the continued growth of the town. The SPA states, “there are specific opportunities in enhancing the ‘Gateway to the Lakelands’ function of Nenagh as well as public realm improvements to enhance key heritage sites such as Nenagh Castle and Friary and Nenagh Gaol, as well as to mitigate vacancy and dereliction.”

Currently, spatial data indicate significant Zone A and B flooding within the Nenagh town centre, specifically between the R498 and the



R445 along Martyr’s Road and The Coach Yard. This flooding covers a large percentage of the area within the Nenagh town centre, zoned as M2, and is not currently defended. The civic improvements mentioned in the SPA should also directly address the Zone A and B flooding within the town centre to protect against the loss of life and property.

Mid-West SPA

Key Town

The RSES supports the role of Nenagh as a driver of county and regional prosperity by harnessing synergies to the Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan Areas and its proximity to the Atlantic Corridor; its strong urban and economic structure and other competitive advantages.

The RSES supports the delivery of the infrastructural requirements identified for Nenagh.



N/A


The CFRAM FRMP proposed flood relief measures for Nenagh relies on flood protection being provided by some existing embankments that were constructed to provide protection to agricultural land, and that were not constructed to the modern engineering standards that would be applied now when providing urban flood protection. A detailed geotechnical structural and stability assessment of the existing embankments was not undertaken as part of the CFRAM study, but should be undertaken as part of the project-level assessment in progressing this measure. The nursing home to the north of Nenagh town is not included in the assessment as it is outside the AFA boundary. However, as a vulnerable property it should be include in the scheme at detailed design.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Nenagh. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-15. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.






The town centre for Nenagh has widespread flooding vulnerabilities, including flood events as frequent as 10% AEP. In addition to improving conditions for existing structures currently within the town centre, addressing the flood risk could help unlock the growth potential for the town in the future. Regeneration projects or new development areas within these flood zones should be reviewed taking into account the CFRAM FRMP proposals. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined a flood alleviation scheme for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



4.8.14 Key Town – Newcastle West

Figure 4.16: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Newcastle West


Commentary

The River Arra is the primary flooding source within Newcastle West. The river runs through the town centre from west to east. The upstream reaches of the river, west of the town, have a wider floodplain with multiple tributaries that feed into the Arra as it narrows and begins winding through the more developed portions of the town. Despite narrowing through the town centre, it is this portion of the river which carries the greatest risk of flooding nearby structures. There is substantial mixed-use and residential development along either side of the Arra as it runs adjacent to the N21 through Newcastle West, much of which lies within the Zone A and B floodplains. It is not until the river gets east of the town centre that it begins to flow adjacent to more open spaces. Even then, there are areas zoned as residential that lie within both Zone A and B floodplains east of the town centre.



Mid-West SPA Objective

The SRA support the role of Newcastle West as a Key Town. In particular, the RSES supports the opportunity for inter-regional collaborations across county boundaries in a potential network with Abbeyfeale, Listowel and Rathkeale and locations identified in the Strategic Integrated Framework Plan for the Shannon Estuary which offer collective strengths and potential for project partnerships to drive sustainable economic growth in the West Limerick/North Kerry area.

The RSES supports the delivery of the infrastructural requirements identified for Newcastle West.


The Newcastle West works were initiated in 2008 following major flooding in August of that year and were constructed from 2009 to 2010 by the OPW using the provisions of Section 38 of the 1945 Arterial Drainage Act that permit improvements to the existing Deel Catchment Drainage Scheme. The works comprised largely of raising and improving flood defence walls, installing non-return valves and providing a flood alarm to the town and provide protection to 50 houses against the 1% AEP (100 year) fluvial event.


The proposed further measure for Newcastle West that may be implemented after project-level assessment, planning or Exhibition and confirmation might include:

Construction of 851m of new flood walls and 284m of new flood defence embankments;

Existing regime is to be maintained.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Newcastle West. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-16. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.




The Mid West SPA profile did not specifically name future growth locations within Newcastle West but the town lies within limited flood zones A and B. The flood zones are mostly contained along the banks of the Doally River but there are limited flood protections in place to protect from the flood risk. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



4.8.15 Key Town – Thurles

Figure 4.17: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Thurles


Commentary

The River Suir runs through Thurles. Most of the development along the river is located along the western river bank. Along this bank, there are areas of commercial/retail and mixed use that lie within the Zone A and B floodplains. Principally around the N75 bridge and Thomond Road. The only structures built along the eastern bank of the Suir within Thurles lie adjacent to the N75 bridge. These structures are public buildings such as the Thurles Leisure Centre, The Source Arts Centre Thurles, and the Thurles Library. The Library and Arts Centre both lie within the Zone A and B floodplains but the Leisure Centre, while surrounded by the floodplains, appears to be located just outside of the flooding extents. Areas zoned ‘Mixed/general community services/facilities uses’ lie within the floodplains and are undeveloped.



The Mid West SPA identified three growth locations for Thurles in order to facilitate future development for the town. The three locations are Archerstown, Liberty Square and Thurles LIT. All three of these sites are not currently within either Flood Zones A or B.

Mid-West SPA

Key Town

The RSES supports the role of Thurles as a driver of county and regional prosperity by harnessing the employment and economic potential of the town together with the Lisheen National Bio Economy Hub and the emergence of a new economic model focused on two principal pillars: low carbon growth and resource efficiency.

The RSES supports the delivery of the infrastructural requirements identified for Thurles.


N/A


The potential measure would protect at-risk properties against the 1% AEP Fluvial flood event by flood defences. The potential flood defences would consist of a series of flood embankments (average height of 1.5 m and a total length of 493m), flood walls (average height of 1.2m and total length of 589m) and flood gate (1m at bridge opening at crossing of Emmet Street and Thomond Road).

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Thurles. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-17. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.


The areas within lands zoned future residential and commercial developments identified within the predicted Flood Zone and B require site specific flood risk assessments to ensure no adverse flood risk impacts. Applications for major development within these areas required a site-specific flood risk assessment to ensure no increase in flood risk to the development and surrounding areas. Future development plans and flood risk assessments should consider the potential of climate change influence on flood extents in accordance with the Guidelines.


The town of Thurles has identified three areas for future growth that do not lie within either Flood Zone A or B. The sequential approach should be followed when considering development plans for these sites. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans



4.8.16 Key Town - Tralee

Figure 4.18: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Tralee


Commentary

Spatial data indicate that there is widespread Zone A and B flooding in Tralee. Much of the town centre appears vulnerable to flooding, specifically the areas along the R551, the R556, Ashe Street, and the R875. There are additional areas north of the town centre and to the east that are also susceptible to flooding. To the southeast of the town, near the intersection of the N86 and the N70, there are more areas that lie within both floodplains including some residential developments.



The South West SPA identified handful different locations as areas for future growth or regeneration. These locations are Balloonagh Convent, Island of Geese, the Town Centre, as well as various vacant sites throughout the town. Balloonagh Convent, Island of Geese, and the Town Centre are all locations that lie within both A and B Flood Zones. Additionally, these sites are not defended from flood waters.

South West SPA

Key Town

The SRA supports the role of Tralee as the County town and largest urban centre in Kerry, as a driver of county and regional prosperity by harnessing its strategic location in relation to Cork and Limerick-Shannon Metropolitan Areas and position on the Atlantic Corridor; its strong urban structure, existing tourism, retail, service and accommodation base; and other competitive advantages.



N/A


The proposed measure for Tralee that may be implemented after project-level assessment and planning or Exhibition and confirmation might include:

Increase capatown of the diversion channel between Mackies River and the River Big.

Provide a wall on the right bank of the open channel of the flood diversion between the Mackies River and the River Big.

Improve inlet arrangement at the diversion channel diverting flow from the River Big to the River Ratass.

Construct diversion channel from the River Ratass to the River Tralee.

Construct diversion channel from the River Tralee to the River Ballynabrennagh replacing the River Tralee culvert.

Improve the capacity of the River Ballynabrennagh and provide embankments on the left bank.

Construct walls along the River Big downstream of Brewery Road.

Embankment and flapped outfall to protect properties at Knockmoyle and Caheranne Village.

Clean and maintain the Ratass watercourse as it flows through the industrial estate of Manor West.

Embankment and raise the road to protect the Pier 17 business centre.

Upgrade of walls adjacent to Windmill lane including the provision of floodgates at the carpark entrance.

Construct wall to protect properties adjacent to the canal at Blennerville.

Construct wall along Kearney’s Road.

Clean and maintain the Caherweesheen, Cloghers, Ballydunlea and Ballyvelly watercourses. Only cleaning is required where channel maintenance has been identified as part of the measure, changes in channel geometry in the form of deepening or widening of the channel area is required.



Construct embankments along the right bank of the River Lee and Lower Ballynabrennagh to protect properties in Manor Village, Castlemorris Mews.

Construct embankments along the left bank of the River Lee to protect properties in the Ballymullan area including, Hunters Wood, Cois Abhann, LIDL, Topaz, Aspen Grove, Castlemaine, Glencastle.

Construct walls along the lower Caherweesheen watercourse. Construct embankments and raise the N70 road further upstream on the Caherweesheen and Cloghers Stream.

Construct two embankments to provide protection from the Ballyvelly and Ballydunlea watercourses (area to the south of Tralee Rugby Club).

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial flooding information for Tralee. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-18. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.




Tralee specifically named three different locations within the town for potential future development. These sites, however, do lie unprotected within both Flood Zones A and B. There are additional areas near these locations that lie within the 10% AEP flood zone. The Sequential Approach and Justification Test should be followed when considering development in this site. As detailed above, the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement, where appropriate, the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans



4.8.17 Key Town – Wexford

Figure 4.19: Broad Spatial Distribution of Flood Risk in Wexford


Commentary

The flood risk in Wexford is mostly confined to the coastal areas along the town’s eastern edge. The majority of the flood risk in concentrated in areas zoned as M2, Town Centre. This zone has a mix of uses including both residential and commercial. The floodplain for both Zones A and B stretch from Stoney Park in the north to Trinity Pl. in the south varying between 100m and 200m in width.

The South East SPA identified the Trinity Wharf as a location within Wexford that is suitable for future growth or development. The Wharf is not located within either of the A or B Flood Zones.



South East SPA

Key Town

Wexford Town had a population of 20,188 2016 and is a Regional Centre for Education, Retail, Health and public services including Wexford General Hospital and Ely Hospital. The town is served by the Rosslare Europort to Dublin Rail line and N11/M11 road to Dublin and by the N25 Road to Waterford, Limerick and Cork.

The Strategic Location of Wexford in relation to Rosslare Europort places the town as a critical part of the Wexford- Rosslare Europort Change Location, where the development of Rosslare and Access routes to the port will be of national strategic importance for the state, particularly post Brexit. This requires the development of supporting industrial, commercial infrastructure and residential development in Wexford town to support and develop the Port Function. The Priorities for improved port facilities and access routes are already identified in the Regional Transport Strategic and will require the focussed investment of Government and other state bodies.

The Development of the Multi-Campus TUSE is key for the economic and social development of the town and should build on the existing campus of IT Carlow. There identified deficiencies in 2nd level education and a focus on educational attainment and lifelong learning are key priorities for Wexford.

The town has a vibrant Arts and Cultural Sector with National Opera House, Wexford Arts Centre and annual festivals

The attractive coastal location of Wexford is a major opportunity for development of significant employment



N/A


The proposed measure consists of building hard defences and improvement of channel conveyance. At risk properties would be protected by a series of flood embankments and walls, along with improvement of channel conveyance close to the downstream end of the Carricklawn River. The hard defences required to protect to the 1% AEP fluvial flood event and a 0.5% AEP coastal flood event, have an estimated average height of 1.4m and a total length of 1.3km. Conveyance could be improved by dredging the existing channel, which conveys the entire flow from the downstream end of the Carricklawn River over 271m before reaching the downstream of the Coolcots River and the sea.

Flood Risk Summary

Existing Flood Risk

The CFRAM study provides the best source of existing fluvial and coastal flooding information for Wexford. This mapping is presented in Figure 4-19. This does not provide a complete assessment of flood risk to the area nor does it assess flood risk from all sources. This must be covered in the SFRA informing the LAP and FRAs for any other development plans in the town.






Wexford has identified the Trinity Wharf as a location for future growth. Despite lying along the coast of the Irish Sea, this area is not prone to Zone A or B flooding according the CFRAM mapping. As detailed above the CFRAM FRMP has outlined additional flood alleviation measures for the town that should be reviewed by the planning authorities in conjunction with the OPW to deliver a flood alleviation scheme if it is deemed appropriate and viable. The planning authority should also review and implement where appropriate the suggested CFRAM flood risk management policy measures as outlined in Appendix B and the FRMP. SFRAs should be undertaken for all development plans and existing SFRAs should be updated and reviewed in line with statutory timelines for development plans.



5 REVIEW OF RSES POLICY OBJECTIVES

The RESES sets out the policies for all city/county and local development plans to adhere to. The integration of land use planning and flood risk in that process is required by the Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines and this document will be applied at all levels of the planning process. This RFRA has reviewed the proposed regional strategies and the flood risk management regional objectives for the RSES in the context of the Guidelines and has considered their potential impact.

REGIONAL STRATEGIC OUTCOMES 5.1

This chapter sets out the key principles and the 11 components that will drive the plan (as detailed in Chapter 2 previously). Table 5-1 provides an assessment of the 11 components in the context of the Guidelines.

Table 5-1: Review of RSOs

RSO RSES Strategy Discussion

Compact Growth

Strengthening and growing our cities and metropolitan areas, building on the strong network of towns throughout the region and supporting our villages and rural areas.

Policies which encourage re-development in the settlement centres needs to be managed in a sustainable manner in areas of flood risk. The sequential approach and application of the Justification Test will be required at all levels of the planning process and adequate mitigation measures introduced to manage residual risk. Regeneration should consider the Guidelines and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). The circular specifically addresses regeneration areas and flood risk management of their development.

Enhanced Regional Accessibility

Enhancing regional accessibility through upgraded transport infrastructure and digital connectivity allied to transformed settlement hierarchy.

Development of regional transportation projects such as roads and railways should include an FRA to ensure development is appropriate if they lie in a flood risk area. Infrastructural projects should include SuDS to ensure runoff is controlled to at least the greenfield runoff rate.

Sustainable Mobility

To transform our transport systems from polluting and carbon intensive modes to well-functioning integrated public transport, walking and cycling and electric vehicles.

Development of transportation should include an FRA to ensure development is appropriate if they lie in a flood risk area. Infrastructural projects should include SuDS to ensure runoff is controlled to at least the greenfield runoff rate.

High-Quality International Connectivity

Optimise our international connectivity through investment and increased capacity in our ports and airports and provision of high quality digital connectivity throughout the region.

Development to aid economic growth and improve connectivity should still follow the sequential approach of the Guidelines and best practice for storm water runoff is vital to achieve sustainable development and reduce flood risk.




A Strong Economy supported by Enterprise, Innovation and Skills

To build a competitive, innovative and productive economy.

Development to aid economic growth should still follow the sequential approach of the Guidelines and best practice for storm water runoff is vital to achieve sustainable development and reduce flood risk.

Strengthened Rural Economies and Communities

To strengthen the role and improve quality of life in the southern region’s diverse rural places and communities and value our rural region as a dynamic, resilient and outward looking areas of potential.

Reusing vacant properties and reuse of existing buildings reduces the need for further development but regeneration projects should consider the Guidelines and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). The circular specifically addresses regeneration areas and flood risk management of their development. Some of these buildings may already be developed in inappropriate areas.

Development of rural areas also needs to be developed in accordance with the Guidelines. FRAs should be carried out to an appropriate detail to ensure development is sustainable and avoided in flood risk areas. Smaller rural areas may not be covered by the scope of the CFRAM mapping but this does not mean they are free of flood risk. Serviced development sites should also include management of storm water runoff, an integrated catchment approach should be followed.

Access to Quality Childcare, Education and Health Services

Achieve improved access to services and facilities for all citizens.

Healthcare and educational infrastructure should be developed in line with the Guidelines and FRAs to an appropriate level of detail should be carried out to ensure infrastructure is avoided in flood risk areas insofar as possible.

Enhanced Culture, Amenity and Heritage

Strengthen and protect our region’s diverse culture recreation, natural heritage, biodiversity and built heritage.

Protecting important cultural or heritage sites from the effects of flooding is vital to enhancing the region’s quality of life for residents and uniqueness on an international level. A review of these sites’ vulnerabilities to the effects of flooding or other natural events will provide early opportunities to protect these sites from the effects of future events, especially those associated with climate change. Implementation of the Guidelines to ensure that development follows the sequential approach to avoid non appropriate development in flood prone areas.

Sustainable Management of Water, Waste and Other Environmental Resources

Provision of infrastructure and services in a sustainable, plan and infrastructure led manner to ensure the sustainable management of water waste and other environmental resources.

Any public utility infrastructure that is required to maintain these services should be developed in accordance with the Guidelines. Water supply and waste water infrastructure needs to stay operational during extreme flood events to reduce pressure on emergency services and to ensure that the public have access to those vital services in times of emergency.




Transition to a Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Society

Safeguard and enhance our environment through sustainable development, transitioning to a low carbon and climate resilient society.

Adopting climate change factors for hydrology and hydraulic calculations in FRAs will allow for consideration of climate change effects on flood extents. Therefore, avoiding development in areas which may be prone to flood risk in the future as our climate changes. Implementation of the Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) and best practice for storm water runoff is vital to achieve sustainable development and reduce flood risk.

Flood Risk Management policies should encourage the use of climate change predictions to ensure that its potential influence is captured in our spatial planning and development.

Build an inclusive outward looking international region on the global stage

Implementation of the Guidelines and best practice for storm water runoff is vital to achieve sustainable

development and reduce flood risk for the

Region.

REGIONAL STRATEGIC FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES 5.2

Table 5-2 details policy objectives of the RSES that control sustainable development of the region in terms of flood risk. These policies will ensure that an assessment of flood risk is undertaken to assist planning authorities to make informed strategic land-use planning decisions.

Table 5-2: Regional Strategic Flood Risk Management Objectives

People & Places

RPO 4 - Population Growth and Environmental Criteria

Increased population growth should be planned having regard to environmental criteria including:

The assimilative capacity of the receiving environment. The proximity of European Sites and the potential for impact on the conservation

objectives and qualifying interests. Areas that have potential to flood.

Cities – Metropolitan

Areas

RPO7 - Holistic Approach to Delivering Infrastructure

(a) Ensure investment and delivery of comprehensive infrastructure packages to meet growth targets that prioritises the delivery of compact growth and sustainable mobility in accordance with NPF objectives to include the following:

Water services, digital, green infrastructure, transport and sustainable travel, community and social, renewable energy, recreation, open space amenity, climate change adaptation and future proofing infrastructure including Flood Risk management measures, environmental improvement, arts and culture, public realm.

Water Resource &

RPO 108 - Floods Directive

It is an objective to support at a regional level, the implementation of the Floods Directive to



Flooding manage flood risks. It is an objective to encourage collaboration between Local Authorities, OPW and other relevant Departments and agencies to implement the recommendations of the CFRAM programme to ensure that flood risk management policies and infrastructure are progressively implemented.

RPO 109 - Flood Risk Management Objectives

(a) It is an objective to ensure that the flood risk management objectives as set out in the Flood Risk Management Plans are fully considered in the development of planning policy and decision making by Local Authorities so that flood risk is a key driver in the identification of suitable locations for new development, considering the CFRAM flood maps and other flood maps as available.

(b) Ensure that developments in upland areas, such as wind farm developments, roadway construction, peatland drainage and forestry proposals, provide sufficient storm water attenuation to avoid the occurrence of river erosion or flooding downstream.

RPO 110 Flood Risk Management Plans

Development and Local Area Plans in the region should take account of and incorporate the recommendations of the Flood Risk Management Plans, including planned investment measures for managing and reducing flood risk. Natural Water Retention Measures (NWRMS) should be incorporated where appropriate in consultation with the Office of Public Works (OPW) and other relevant stakeholders.

RPO 111 Planning System and Flood Risk Management

Consideration must be given to future appropriate land use policies in accordance with the requirements of the guidelines “The Planning System and Flood Risk Management, 2009”. Strategic and local flood risk assessments and plans should be prepared where appropriate which should include consideration of potential impacts of flood risk arising from climate change. It is an objective to avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding and integrate sustainable water management solutions (such as SUDS, non-porous surfacing and green roofs) to create safe places in accordance with the Guidelines.

RPO 112 - Flood Risk Management and Biodiversity

It is an objective to avail of opportunities to enhance biodiversity and amenity and to ensure the protection of environmentally sensitive sites and habitats, including where flood risk management measures are planned. Plans and projects that have the potential to negatively impact on Natura 2000 sites and are subject to the requirements of the Habitats Directive.

RPO 113 - Flood Risk Management and Capital Works

It is an objective to support investment in the sustainable development of capital works under the flood capital investment programme and Flood Risk Management Plans developed under the Catchment Flood Risk Assessment and Management (CFRAM) process.

RPO 114 - Flood Risk & Climate Change

It is an objective to

(a) support investment in the sustainable development of Strategic Investment Priorities under the National Development Plan 2018-2027 and to ensure that flood risk assessment for all strategic infrastructure developments is future-proofed to consider potential impacts of climate change.

(b) Support investment in subsequent projects by capital spending agencies to deliver flood relief schemes under National Strategic Outcome: Transition to a Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Society. Such projects should be future proofed for adaptation to consider potential impacts of climate change.

(c) All Infrastructure and energy providers/operators should make provision for adaptation measures to protect strategic infrastructure (including roads, railways, ports and energy infrastructure) from increased flood risk associated with climate change.



RESPONSE TO COUNCILLOR MOTIONS 5.3

The Draft RSES was issues to councillors for feedback and comment. There were two motions relevant to the RFRA. The first included Gorey as a key town, which is assessed in Section 4.8.9. The second related to the Limerick Shannon MASP and the inclusion of the South Clare Economic / University of Limerick proposed Strategic Development Zone (SDZ), which was also assessed in Section 4.8.2



6 GUIDANCE ON FRAS

PREPARATION OF DEVELOPMENT PLANS 6.1

All city and county level SFRAs should be developed in accordance with the Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). The Guidelines Technical Appendices give detailed descriptions on how to undertake FRAs of all levels. FRAs should include an appropriate level of detail in line with the level of flood risk associated with a development. The CFRAM FRMPs have the most up to date flood risk information available to help develop FRAs. Flood maps and the proposed flood risk management measures identified in the FRMPs should be reviewed for all development plans.

FRAs should follow the sequential approach as described in Section 3.4 above and also undertake Justifications Tests where appropriate. All Justification Tests should ensure that adequate flood risk management measures have been recommended.

LAPs should ensure that any FRAs they undertake or are assessing have considered flood zones as described in Section 3.7 and climate change scenarios as described in Section 3.8. The CFRAM FRMP have developed climate change scenario mapping that can be used for such assessments.

FRAs aim to identify, quantify and communicate to decision-makers and other stakeholders the risk of flooding to land, property and people. The purpose is to provide sufficient information to determine whether particular actions (such as zoning of land for development, approving applications for proposed development, the construction of a flood protection scheme or the installation of a flood warning scheme) are appropriate.

A. FRA can be undertaken either over a large area or for a particular site to:

Identify whether and the degree to which flood risk is an issue;

Identify flood zones (if not already available);

Inform decisions in relation to zoning and planning applications; and

Develop appropriate flood risk mitigation and management measures for development sited in flood risk areas.

The general principles of FRAs should be:

Proportionate to the risk scale, nature and location of the development;

Undertaken by competent people, such as a suitably qualified hydrologist, flood risk management professional or specialist water engineer;

Undertaken as early as possible in the particular planning process;

Supported by appropriate data and information, including historical information on previous events, but focusing more on predictive assessment of less frequent or more extreme events, taking the likely impacts of climate change into account;

Clearly state the risk to people and development and how that will be managed over the lifetime of the development;

https://www.opw.ie/en/media/Planning%20System%20and%20Flood%20Risk%20Management%20Guidelines.pdf

https://www.opw.ie/en/media/Planning%20System%20and%20Flood%20Risk%20Management%20Guidelines.pdf

https://www.opw.ie/en/media/The%20Planning%20System%20and%20Flood%20Risk%20Management%20Guidelines%20for%20Planning%20Authorities.pdf

https://www.floodinfo.ie/



Focused on addressing the impact of a change in land use or development on flood risk elsewhere, ensuring that any such change or development must not add to and should, where practicable, reduce flood risk;

Consider the vulnerability of those that could occupy the development, including arrangements for safe access and egress; and

Consider the modification to flood risk that infrastructure such as raised defences, flow channels, flood-storage areas and other artificial features provide, together with the consequences of their failure.

PLANNING AUTHORITY COLLABORATION 6.2

Planning authorities that share administrative boundaries should work together during the SFRA process to ensure that all flood risk issues are captured to inform their preparation of spatial plans. Where it is found to be necessary, the planning authorities should prepare joint studies to address flood risk issues. Section 4 outlines some potential planning authority partnerships for the settlements addressed in this RFRA.



7 SUMMARY

OVERVIEW 7.1

The RFRA has been prepared as part of the SEA of the SRA Regional RSES in accordance with national and EU legislation. This RFRA was prepared by considering the requirements of The Planning System and Flood Risk Assessment Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) and Circular PL02/2014 (August 2014). The purpose of the RFRA is to ensure that the RSES follow the principles of the Guidelines and implement policies and development strategies that:

Avoid inappropriate development in areas at risk of flooding, unless there are proven wider sustainability grounds that justify appropriate development and where the flood risk can be reduced or managed to an acceptable level;

Avoid developments increasing flood risk elsewhere;

Adopt a sequential approach to flood risk management when assessing the location for new development based on avoidance, reduction and mitigation of flood risk;

Avoid unnecessary restriction of national, regional or local economic and social growth;

Incorporate flood risk assessments into the planning process;

Improve the understanding of flood risk among relevant stakeholders; and

Ensure that the requirements of EU and national law in relation to the natural environment and nature conservation are complied with at all stages of flood risk management.

METHODOLOGY 7.2

This was carried out by using an approach from the Guidelines which due to the scale of flood risk at a regional level recommends that the appraisal should primarily undertake a flood risk identification that will detect areas of future growth conflicting with flood risk. This will promote the sequential approach and help flag the need for more detailed FRAs at lower level development plans. As recommended by the Guidelines, the RFRA addressed the following:

Summary plans/figures and statement showing the broad spatial distribution of flood risk and any potential conflicts with growth/development areas.

Supplementary description of any areas of a region where addressing flood risk is especially important – e.g., central urban areas in Gateways or areas of development pressure, with a view to highlighting these as priority locations for further assessment of flood risk, and / or the need for coordinated action at development plan level.

Suggested policies for sustainable flood risk management for incorporation into the RPGs.

Guidance on the preparation of city and county level SFRAs and the management of surface water run-off within new development, highlighting significant flood risk issues, potential infrastructure investment requirements and the need for co-operation between planning authorities and identifying any need for more detailed assessment.

The appraisal identified the broad nature of flooding that may affect the Metropolitan Areas and Key Towns located in the Southern Regional Assembly (SRA) geographic area. The moderate growth settlements identified in the RSES are not included in the assessment as it would be more appropriate for these settlements to be assessed at County Development Plan level.



There are several sources of relevant flood risk information available for the SRA geographical region; however, the main sources used for this appraisal are the flood zones and flood extents generated as part of the National CFRAM Programme studies. This dataset forms part of the most comprehensive flood risk assessment ever undertaken in Ireland. They have been generated using expert hydrological and hydraulic assessments which have been calibrated against actual measured data insofar as possible. While the CFRAM studies are comprehensive, they do not cover all sources of flooding and they only focus on areas of significant risk. There are numerous other areas within settlements and within the SRA geographic area which have local scale flooding issues and these need to be captured in SFRAs accompanying County/City Development Plans and LAPs.

The RSES proposes sustainable growth and development of the Metropolitan Areas and Key Towns. Regional Policy Objectives (RPOs) outlined in the RSES address proposed development that will help achieve the RSES’ key principles and 10 no. RSOs. The RFRA assessed the RPOs for each primary settlement that will influence the RSOs from a flood risk perspective. The RESES also sets out the policies for all city/county and local development plans to adhere too. The integration of land use planning and flood risk in that process is required by the Planning System and Flood Risk Management Guidelines and this document will be applied at all levels of the planning process. The RFRA reviewed the proposed regional strategies and the flood risk management regional objectives for the RSES in the context of the Guidelines and considered their potential impact.

POTENTIAL IMPACT 7.3

The SRA region is affected by fluvial flooding along its major rivers and their tributaries including the Lee, Suir, Nore, Barrow, and Shannon. Coastal settlements along the Irish and Celtic Seas are also impacted by tidal flooding and wave overtopping. Many of the planned strategic residential and employment development sites in the MASPs areas lie within Flood Zones A and/or B. There are insufficient existing flood defences in place to protect against flood in these development sites as well. The Metropolitan Areas and Key Towns have varying levels of existing residential and mixed-use developments zoned for future regeneration located within the predicted Flood Zones. Some settlements, like Killarney, have no planned areas within Flood Zones A or B but others, like Tralee, have multiple that also have no protection currently in place for these future regeneration sites. Each of these settlements, regardless of degree of flood protection, should consider the sequential approach when planning future growth within their town or city.

MITIGATION STRATEGY 7.4

The SRA RSES has included objectives (as shown in Table 5-2) that recommend that subsequently produced County and City development plans carry out flood risk assessments in accordance with the Guidelines following the sequential approach to ensure development is carried out in a sustainable manner with respect to flood risk. Objectives were also included to ensure Local Authorities shall incorporate the recommendations of the CFRAM FRMPs into the development of local planning policy and decision making. This includes planned investment measures for managing and reducing flood risk and having due regard to the CFRAM flood maps and other flood maps as available.

Lastly, they have also included objectives for local authorities to implement policies that will reduce surface water runoff and also consider the potential impacts of climate change on flood extents.



These policies will ensure that any development and regeneration areas that have been or will be identified as having a flood risk will be either developed in accordance with the Guidelines or the appropriateness of their land zoning will be reviewed to ensure that development is sustainable and not increasing flood risk in other areas.

APPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF CFRAM FRMP REGIONAL MEASURES

APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF CFRAM FRMP REGIONAL MEASURES

Measure Name Measure Implementation

Application of the Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk Management (DECLG/OPW, 2009)

The Planning Authorities will ensure proper application of the Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk Management (DHPLG/OPW, 2009) in all planning and development management processes and decisions, including where appropriate a review of existing land use zoning and the potential for blue/green infrastructure, in order to support sustainable development, taking account of the flood maps produced through the CFRAM Programme and parallel projects.

Planning Authorities

Implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)

In accordance with the Guidelines on the Planning System and Flood Risk Management (DHPLG/OPW, 2009), planning authorities should seek to reduce the extent of hard surfacing and paving and require, subject to the outcomes of environmental assessment, the use of sustainable drainage techniques.

Planning Authorities

Consideration of Flood Risk in local adaptation planning.

Local authorities should take into account the potential impacts of climate change on flooding and flood risk in their planning for local adaptation, in particular in the areas of spatial planning and the planning and design of infrastructure.

Local Authorities

Ongoing Maintenance of Drainage Districts

Establishment of a National Flood Forecasting and Warning Service

The establishment of an operational unit in Met Éireann and an Oversight Unit in the OPW to provide, in the medium term, a national flood forecasting service.

OPW, DHPLG, Met Éireann, Local Authorities

Ongoing Appraisal of Flood Event Emergency Response Plans and Management Activities

Ongoing, regular appraisal of emergency management activities to improve preparedness and inter-agency coordination and to shape future MEM developments as part of the major emergency development programmes, taking into account in particular the information developed through the CFRAM Programme and this Plan.

Principal Response Agencies, Regional Steering Groups, National Steering Group

Flood-Related Data Collection

The OPW, Local Authorities / EPA and other organisations collecting hydro-meteorological data should continue to do so, and post-event event flood data should continue to be collected, to improve future flood risk management.

OPW, Local Authorities / EPA and other hydro-meteorological agencies

Minor Works Scheme

The OPW will continue the Minor Works Scheme subject to the availability of funding and will keep its operation under review to assess its continued effectiveness and relevance.

OPW, Local Authorities

Assessment of Land Use and Natural Flood Risk Management Measures

The OPW will work with the EPA, local authorities and other agencies during the project-level assessments of physical works and more broadly at a catchment-level to identify, where possible, measures that will have benefits for both WFD and flood risk management objectives, such as natural water retention measures, and also for biodiversity and potentially other objectives, including the use of pilot studies and applications, where possible.

Local Authority WFD Offices, OPW, EPA, Others

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