rehabilitaciÓn cognitiva en esquizofrenia tesis

7/27/2019 REHABILITACIN COGNITIVA EN ESQUIZOFRENIA TESIS

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QMOYA^TOHLH DKGUFQXAMTA HA GLHÔHILDQFXLH HA UTODKFK@OL

Haplrtlgamtk ha Uarskmlfohlh, Avlfuldom y Xrltlgoamtks Usodkfòdks

^ A B L N OF OX L D O M DK@MOXOYL AMAT\QOSKIÂMOL3

Lpfodldom haf GX (Lttamtokm Urkdass Xrl o m f m`=


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L g o p l h r a ,qua m k puhk varfk ldlnlhk.

L g o glhra,

pkr astlr l g o flhk blstl af i oml f .


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L@^LHADOGOAMXKT

A m < ? ? < agpaz g o omtars pkr af gumhk ha fl asquozkiramol. A f progar dkmtlhk

dkm asta tagl sa prkhuck ha ikrgl dlsul f , dulmhk pkr u m l Nadl h a Dkflnkrldom h a f

Gomostarok h a Ahudldom y Doamdol amtr l ikrglr plrta h a f aquopk h a omvasto`ldomhoro ohk pkr Dlrgafk Yzquaz Ylfvarha, quoam p k r lquaf amtkmdas astlnl omvasto`lmhksknra fl asquozkiramol y sus prkdasks dk`motovks. _ ho`k dlsulfgamta, pkrqua a m u m

progar gkgamtk m k taml pamslhk skfodotlr fl n a d l dkm Dlrgafk. Lbkrl, ? l k shaspus, poamsk qua lquaffk m k iua u m l dluslfohlh somk qua astlnl prahastomlhk.Hasha amtkmdas, fl asquozkiramol sa b l dkmvartohk a m af a ca promdoplf h a g o

omvasto`ldom.

M k s fk pkr asa dkgoamzk, s omk pkr af lpkyk radonohk hurlmta astks lks, quoarkl`rlhadar l Dlrgafk Yzquaz su asiuarzk pkr horo`or a m tkhk gkgamtk go flnkr

doamtiodl, y aspadolfgamta asta trlnlck, qua a m gs h a u m l kdlsom plradl qua mumdlffa`lrl l s u iomlf. Hasha u m progar gkgamtk g a lhvorto qua bldar uml tasos sknra

trltlgoamtk, y aspadolfgamta ha rablnofotldom dk`motovl, on l l sar um trlnlck hurk... y fkbl s o hk . Hurlmta tkhk asta t oagpk Dlrgafk mk s f k bl sohk g o Horadtkr h a Xasos, s omkqua b l vartanrlhk g o fm a l h a omvasto`ldom, dkmvortomhksa a m uml iuamta h adkmkdogoamtks y ha lpkyk prkiasokmlf y parskmlf. Ukr tkhk a f f k , gudbls `rldols.

Asta dlgomk m k fk agpad s k f l B l y hls parskmls guy aspadolfas qua


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skm axdafamtas prkiasokmlfas. Aspark qua lf`m h l ldlnam fl tasos qua um h l

agpazlrkm.

G o trlnlck omvasto`lhkr b l oh k plrlfafk l g o ikrgldom dkgk tarlpautl, hksikrgls h a lprkxoglrga l fl asquozkiramol, lgnls g u y `rltoiodlmtas, lumqua a m

kdlsokmas hoidofas h a dkgplòmlr. L`rlhazdk l Dlrgam Ylfoamta Kts blnarga hlhkuml kpkrtumohlh y dkmiolhk a m go dkgk tarlpautl, y quoark l`rlhadar l f aquopk h aprkiasokmlfas qua s a ikrg a m tkrmk l affl af lpkyk qua ga b lm hlhk y fk s nuamks

gkgamtks qua bagks plslhk cumtks, promdoplfgamta l Cogaml D oh , Drostoml Haz-Lfa`rl (iuturl hkd tk rl= y Avl G 5 G u oz , ha quoamas badbk h a gamks fls flr`lsdkmvarsldokmas a m fls q u a omtamtnlgks amtamhar af pkrqu h a fl s dksls, y l H oa` kUufohk.

A sta prkyadtk mumdl blnrl s ohk pksonfa som fl dkflnkrldom h a mugarksls

Omstotudokmas3

- L`rlhazdk l Gkmtsarrlt Dlstlmyar, h a OMXÂTT, blnarga ildofotlhk af lddask l

fks Damtrks h a âblnofotldom Usodkskdolf Glrtmaz Dlgpks y Fks Drgamas.Am af progark s a b l haslrrkfflhk fl glykr plrta h a astl omvasto`ldom. Toagpra

dkmiolrkm a m qua lf`m hl fl ldlnlrol, lumqua drak qua mk pamslrkm qua tlrhlrltlmtk. Bky skm pkdks fk s prkiasokmlfas qua voarkm af haslrrkffk h a astl tasos qual m dkmtomlm a m asa damtrk, p k r fk qua quoark lprkvadblr astls fomals pl r l

l`rlhadarfas su lyuhl3 Fu o s , Cksa G1, Dbusl, Afkosl, Dlrfks, Lmonlf, Gardahas,Dflrl, G 2 Cks, G lr, O s lna f , `rldols pkr vuastrl pldoamdol, lpkyk y dkgpramsom.Am af damtrk fks Drgamas astuva pk d k toagpk. \uoark l`rlhadarks vuastrlldkòhl y af blnarga badbk soagpra u m buadk am u m fu`lr hkmha af aspldok as u mnoam asdlsk.

- F l puartl h a f Damtrk h a âblnofotldom Usodkskdolf âtork g a fl lnro Lfaclmhrk

Ifkr o t . @rldols pkr tu dkflnkrldom y fl h a fls Barglmls Bkspotlflrols.


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domtls h a f prk`rlgl, y l`rlhazdk l Gardahas Mlvls Clquata, Yoròmol Gkrl Fpaz yDlrgam Tarrlmk Fpaz su dkflnkrldom a m fl ralfozldom h a fk s amtramlgoamtks.

L fks pldoamtas, l quoamas hank tkhk g o trlnlck y fl knfo`ldom h a nusdlr

omtarvamdokmas qua fa s lyuham, `rldols pkr amsalrg a tlmtk.

Hank l`rlhadar l f Haplrtlgamtk h a Usodkfk`l h a fl Qmovarsohlh h a Clm,aspadolfgamta l f r a l h a Uarskmlfohlh, Avlfuldom y Xrltlgoamtk, fu`lr a m a f qualdtulfgamta trlnlck, p k r su ldkòhl. Hasha lqu s a v l l haslrrkfflr g o iuturlomvasto`ldom.

\uoark hlr fl s `rldols l Taròk O`fasols pkr s u lyuhl a m af lmfosos h a fks hltks,y l Tlrl Iarmmhaz @ uomal y , g u y aspadolfgamta l G Hkfkras Asdlrlnlclf (Fkfa), pkrsus vlfoksks dkgamtlroks l asta trlnlck,

L gos lgo`ks fa s quoark hlr fls `rldols p kr blnar badbk g o vohl g s l`rlhlnfa

y p k r blnar astlhk l b dulmhk k s b a madasotlhk. L L f, lhags, fa l`rlhazdk fksl`rlhadogoamtks. X khks vksktrks bldos qua muastrks gkgamtks s a l m aspadolfas.

Iomlfgamta, l`rlhazdk l g o ilgofol tkhk a f lpkyk qua g a b l hlhk, l paslr h a

fls mugarksls lpuastls qua bldlm sknra s o ldlnlhl fl tasos k mk3 Glgl, Lmàf,Lfnartk...fk dkmsaùof @rldols pkr t k hk . Toamtk m k pkhar hadrsafk l hks parskmls quab lm s o hk guy ogpkrtlmtas a m g o v ohl park qua a m a f ftogk gkgamtk hadohoarkm r sa 3

g o lnuafl y g o plhra, quoam mumdl oglòm qua gkrorl tlm prkmtk.

L tkhls lquaffls parskmls qua ha ikrgl horadtl k omhoradtl blm dkflnkrlhk a masta prkyadtk3 `rldols. G a kfvohk ha parskmls qua h a lfùml ikrgl blm plrtodoplhk a m

asta trlnlck y qua a m plrta skm raspkmslnfas h a f, park dkgk b a kfvohlhk fksmkgnras m k puahk asdronorfks, fk s o am t k . Ta q u a skos tkhks fks qua astos park m kastos tkhks fk s qua skos.


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L quoamas fk s hoksas quoaram hastruor progark fa vuafvam f k d k .A ur op ohas , 8 > 1 lD .


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OMHODA


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OMX^KHQDDOM

LUL^XLHK < 3 Glrdk tarodk

< . Haiomodom ha asquozkiramol y dflsoiodldokmas somtkgltkfòdls>. Gkhafks axpfodltovks ha fl asquozkiramol

>..>.>.4.>.8.>.1.>.9.

>.0.

Boptasos àmtodlsBoptasos maurkqufgodlsBoptasos maurkvorlfas a omgumkfòdlsBoptasos astrudturlfasBoptasos ha f maurkhaslrrkffkBoptasos psodkskdolfas

Gkhafk h a vufmarlnofohlh4. Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol

4 .< . F l ltamdom3 gkhafks tarodks axostamtas4.>. Xopks ha ltamdom4.4. Af astuhok ha fk s hiodot ltamdokmlfas a m fl asquozkiramol4 .8 . Hiodot dk`motovks y somtkgltkfk`l4.1. Gahodldom lmtopsodtodl y dk`modom4.9. Avkfudom ha fks hiodot dk`motovks4 .0 . Dkmdfusokmas .

8. âblnof o tldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas8.. Amdulhra ha f l rabln ofotldom dk`motovl8 .4 . Dlrldtarstodls àmarlfas ha fl rablnofotldom dk`motovl8 .8 . Omtrkhuddom l fl rablnofotldom ha fl ltamdom8 1 Gkhlfohlhas ha omtarvamdom3 astuhoks sknra fl rablnofotldom ha fl ltamdom

4> 4>?4 19

4. Aquovlfamdol ha fks lmtopsodtodks am hksos ha dfkrprkgldoml >1?8. Xlrals dkm fls qua dlhl sucatk omodo a f amtramlgoamtk am af LUX >951. Hltks hasdroptovks haf ramhogoamtk ha dlhl sucatk am af LUX >99>0. Ylrolnfas qua amtrlm am fl aduldom ha ra`rasom ha dlhl umk ha fks

pkrdamtlcas ha dlgnok qua kntuvoarkm dkrrafldokmas so`moiodltovls >92

LMARKT >94< . Uruanls ha avlfuldom.

>. Uruanls ha rablnofotldom.


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fks pldoamtas plradlm omdlpldas ha ikdlfozlr s u ltamdom

y s a hostrllm dkmtomulgamta lmta astgufks lddohamtlfas: fksprkdasks h a pamslgoamtk gkstrlnlm omdkbaramdol y prhohlslskdoltovls, sur`l u m haforok nlslhk a m u m glf cuodok h a flralfohlh, lplradlm, tlgnom, u m agnktlgoamtk h a fl liadtovohlh,

u ml hosgomudom h a fl ldtovohlh vkfumtlrol y u m hasduohk h a susraspkmslnofohlhas~ (Jrlapafom, < ? < ? ) .

Am astls trgomks Jrlapafom hasdrono lf`umks ha fks smtkgls ha fl

hagamtol prladkx 6hagamdol pradkz), trlstkrmk qua am`fknlnl 4 amtohlhas

qua blstl amtkmdas sa blfflnlm hosparsls3 fl dltltkmol (Jlbfnlug,


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vo ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Hasha fks asdrotks ha Jrlapafom y Nfaufar fks hiodot a m af prkdaslgoamtk

ha fl omikrgldom blm sohk dkmsoharlhks damtrlfas am fl asquozkiramol. Ls, fks

progarks psdkpltfk`ks hasdroptovks haiomoarkm lftarldokmas dflva am fl

dk`modom (Nfaufar,


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O m t r khudd o m voo

pkr amdkmtrlr skfudokmas l fl hovarsohlh ha prknfagls qua prasamtlm astks

pldoamtas. Am asta samtohk, fl psodkilrgldkfk`l, dkm fl lplrodom ha fks

lmtopsodtodks, pargoto u m g ackr dkmtrkf ha fks smtkgls psodtodks tlfas dkgk

lfudomldokmas y haforoks 6J o m ` ,


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vooo ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Lsskdoltokm, ) . Fks

hasdroptkras utofozlhks plrl ralfozlr astl ravosom iuarkm, pkr uml plrta, hiodot

dk`motovks y asquozkiramol, y pkr ktrl, rablnofotldom dk`motovl y asquozkiramol.

Am rafldom dkm astk, l dkmtomuldom sa prasamtlm fks rasuftlhks kntamohks am

fl nsquahl, y qua pkmam ha glmoioastk qua l hoiaramdol ha fks astuhoks sknrahosiumdokmas dk`motovls am fl asquozkiramol, qua b lm ohk dradoamhkprk`rasovlgamta ha ikrgl so`moiodltovl, fks astuhoks sknra rablnofotldom

dk`motovl mk skm tlm mugarksks. Astks f t ogks agpazlrkm l ralfozlrsa gs

tlrhlgamta y, lumqua am fks progarks lks sa prkhuck u m dradogoamtk am af

vkfugam ha astuhoks ralfozlhks, asta plmkrlgl dlgnol mktlnfagamta l plrtor

ha < ? ? 9 , hatadtmhksa uml tamhamdol l fl nlcl fl dulf mk a s astlhstodlgamtaso`moiodltovl.

< 8 5< > 5

< 5 52 59 58 5> 5

Ukr ktrl plrta, dkgk dk`motovk a s um hasdroptkr `amarlf qua omdfuyahovarsls dlpldohlhas, s a hadoho hafogotlr fl nsquahl l f gnotk ltamdokmlf.

< ? 0 5 - < ? 0 1 < ? 0 9 - < ? 2 5


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Omtrkhuddom oR

toagpk, dkm um dradogoamtk mktlnfa am fk s ftogks domdk lks, fl omvasto`ldomsknra fl rablnofotldom ha astks hiodot sa omodol dkm pkstarokrohlh, soamhk fksprogarks lrtodufks ha iomlfas ha fks lks kdbamtl, pa rk glmtoama um l tamhamdoll f l i t l , lprkxogmhksa nlstlmta lf vkfugam ha omvasto ldom sknra hiodot

ltamdokmlf.

4 14 5> 1> 5< 1< 5

1

< ? 05 -< ?0 1 < ? 02 -< ? 2 5 < ? 2 < -< ? 2 1 < ? 2 2 -< ?? 5 < ? ?< -< ? ?1 < ? ?2 -> 5 55KHiodot ltamdokmlf Gitablnocotldom ha fl ltamdom

Dkgplrlmhk astks hltks dkm fks lmtarokras pkhagks knsarvlr qua,lumqua am `amarlf sa prkhuda uml hosgomudom ha fks astuhoks sknra

rablnofotldom dk`motovl, fks astuhoks aspadoiodks sknra ltamdom m k sfk sa

glmtoamam somk qua omdfusk lugamtlm. Tom agnlr`k, y l plrtor ha fks rasuftlhksprasamtlhks, s a pkma ha glmoioastk fl asdlsaz ha fotarlturl axostamta sknra a f

trltlgoamtk ha fks hiodot dk`motovks am parskmls hol`mkstodlhls ha

asquozkiramol am `amarlf y ha fk s hiodot ltamdokmlfas am plrtoduflr.

Fks hiodot dk`motovks am fl asquozkiramol skm, pkr fk tlmtk, um iamgamk

hagkstrlhk y lvlflhk pkr mugarksl omvasto`ldom. Hamtrk ha stks hiodot, fks


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R âblnootldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Fl prasamta Xasos Hkdtkrlf s a prasamtl hovohohl am hks lplrtlhks3 u mlprogarl saddom qua radkà fk s hoiaramtas lspadtks tarodks am tkrmk l f tagl yuml saùmhl sknra s u ikrgufldom agprodl. Am rafldom dkm fl progarl plrta,

s a bl hastomlhk a f progar dlpotufk l fl haiomodom ha fl asquozkiramol, plrtoamhk

ha su somtkgltkfk`l, dursk y drotaroks hol`mstodks. Am a f saùmhk dlptufk salnkrhlm fks hostomtks gkha fks axpfodltovks dluslfas ha fl asquozkiramol. Am a f

tardark, pkr u ml plrta s a omtrkhudam fl s hoiaramtas takrls sknra fl ltamdom, ypkr k t rl , sa hasdrona a f ramhogoamtk ha fk s pldoamtas hol`mkstodlhks dkmasquozkiramol am hovarsls tlrals maurkpsodkfòdls y plrlho`gls

axparogamtlfas. Xrls haiomor a f trlstkrmk, fk qua s a amtoamha pkr ltamdom y af

iumdokmlgoamtk ltamdokmlf ha astks pldoamtas, sa kirada uml plmkrgodl

àmarlf sknra fl avkfudom ha astks hiodot l fk flr`k haf toagpk, l s dkgk fl

iumdom y rafavlmdol h a ; trltlgoamtk psodkilrgldkfòdk. _ pkr ftogk, af dulrtk

dlpotufk s a damtrl am fl rablnofotldom dk`motovl, progark l movaf àmarlf ypkstarokrgamta ldktlmhk a f tagl sknra fk s prkdasks ltamdokmlfas, lf toagpk

qua sa axtrlam lfùmls dkmdfusokmas h a f lmfosos ha astuhoks ralfozlhks am fl stras ftogls hdlhls qua sorvam dkgk pumtk ha plrtohl pl rl a f hosak ha flomvasto`ldom.

Af saùmhk lplrtlhk am`fknl, pkr uml plrta, fk s kncatovks a boptasos

aflnkrlhls y , pkr k t rl , fl gatkhkfk`l agpfalhl. Xlgnom am astl saùmhl

plrta s a axpkmam fk s rasuftlhks kntamohks y fl hosdusom ha stks. Iomlfgamta,sa prasamtl um fostlhk dkm fl s dkmdfusokmas qua pkhrolm axtrlarsa trls flhosdusom ha fks hltks.

Dkgpfagamtlm asta trlnlck uml saroa ha lpmhodas am fks qua sa radkà


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O m t r khudd o m R o

L dkmtomuldom sa prasamtl fl plrta tarodl ha asta trlnlck.


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LUL^XLHK Glrdk tardk


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^ablnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Am rafldom dkm fk s smtkgls, skm mugarksls fls iumdokmas qua sa vam

liadtlhls am fl asquozkiramol (^uoz Ylr`ls,


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Haiomodom ha asquozkiramol y dflsoiodldokmas somtkgltkfòdls 4

mk as ogprasdomhonfa qua sa ham tkhks cumtks plrl astlnfadar asa hol`mstodk.

A s t a a s umk ha fk s ildtkras qua hoioduftlm fl omvasto`ldom ha parskmls dkmasquozkiramol, qua puaha f fa`lr l sar dltodl hanohk l qua fl guastrl puahasar tlm batark`mal am dulmtk l sus smtkgls qua fl omtarpratldom ha fk s

rasuftlhks s a blda prdtodlgamta ogpksonfa. Lmta astk s a bl prkgkvohk pkrplrta ha hovarsks lutkras fl nsquahl ha suntopks ha pldoamtas am iumdom ha

fl l`rupldom ha sus smtkgls. Am iumdom ha fk lmtarokr s a blm hasdrotkmugarksls sunhovosokmas nopkflras pl rl dltlfk`lr astl somtkgltkfkòl, amtra

stls pkhagks amdkmtrlr fl s soùoamtas3 proglroks varsus sadumhlroks,iumhlgamtlfas varsus lddaskroks, lùhk varsus drmodk, raldtovk varsus

prkdasulf, ldtovk varsus rasohulf, ifkrohk varsus rapkslhk, prkhudtovk varsushaiodotlrok k plrlmkoha varsus mk plrlmkoha (Tlss,


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8 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom haf L^X

Duastl, ) y a f tatrlhogamsokmlf (Uarlftl y Duastl,


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Haiomodom ha asquozkiramol y dflsoiodldokmas somtkmoltkfòdls 1

suntopks qua affks hasdronam (var tlnfl < . 4 , p l ` . 9 ). Ha astl ikrgl, plrl asta

trlnlck fks sucatks sa hovohoarkm a m plrlmkohas ( fks qua dugpflm fks drotaroks

ha asquozkiramol topk plrlmkoha) y m k plrlmkohas (fks suntopks rastlmtas).

Xln f l < . > 3 D r otar ok s ha f HT G -OY pl rl a f h ol`ms t o dk ha asqu o zk i r am o l 6 L U L , < ? ? 8 : LU L , < ? ? 1

L . T M XK G L T D L^ L D XA T XOD K T 3 H k s (k g s) ha fks soùoamtas, dlhl um k ha affksp rasam ta hu r l m t a uml pl r ta so`m o i o dlt o vl ha u m pa r o k hk ha < g a s (k g amks s o bl sohkt rl tlhk d k m xo tk ) 3

< . O hals ha f o rlm tas> . Lfudomldokmas4 . Famùlca haskr`lmozlhk (p . ac . , hasdlrroflgoamtk iraduamta k omdkbaramdol8 . Dkgpkrtlgoamtk dltltmodk k `rlvagamta haskr`lmozlhk1 . Tomtkgls ma`ltovks (p . ac lpflmlgoamtk liadtovk, lfkòl k lnufol=

N. H OT IQ M D O M T K D OK OF L N K L F 3 Hu r lm t a uml plrta so`moiodltovl ha f toagpk hasha afomodok ha fl lftarldom, um l k gs rals ogpkrtlmtas ha fl ldtovohlh, dkgk skm af trlnlck,fls rafldokmas omtarparskmlfas k af duohlhk ha umk gosgk, astm dflrlgamta pkr hanlckha f movaf pravok lf omodok ha f trlstkrmk (k dulmhk af omodok as am fl omilmdol k lhkfasdamdol,irldlsk am dulmtk l lfdlmzlr af movaf asparlnfa ha f ramhogoamtk omtarparskmlf, ldlhgodkk flnkrlf).

d. H Q L D O M 3 Uarsostam so`mks dkmtomuks ha fl lftarldom hurlmta lf gamks 9 gasas. Astaparkhk haT gasas hana omdfuor lf gamks < gas ha smtkgls qua dugpflm af drotarok L (k

gamks s o sa bl trltlhk dkm xotk= y puaha omdfuor fks parokhks ha smtkgls prkhrgodks yrasohulfal Hurlmta astks parkhks prkhrgodks k rasohulfas, fks so`mks ha fl lftarldompuaham glmoiastlrsa sfk pkr smtkgls ma`ltovks k pkr hks k gs smtkgls ha fl fostl h a fdrotarok L. prasamtas ha ikrgl ldamtulhl (p . ac., draamdols rlrls, axparoamdols pardaptovlsmk blnotulfas).

K . A R D FQ T O M H A FK T X^ L T XK M K T A T \ Q OIK LI A D XOY K _ HAF ATXLHK HAMOGK3 A f trlstkrmk asquozkliadtovk y af trlstkrmk ha f astlhk ha mogk dk m smtkglspsodtodks sa blm hasdlrtlhk hanohk l 3 < = mk bl blnohk mom`m aposkhok haprasovk glykr,

glmoldk k goxtk dkmdurramta dkm fks somtkgls ha fl ilsa ldtovl3 k > ) s o fks aposkhoks halftarldom lmogodl blm lplradohk hurlmta fks smtkgls h a fl ilsa ldtovl, su hurldom tktlfbl sohk nrava am rafldom dkm fl hurldom ha fks parokhks ldtovk y rasohulf.

A. ARDFQTOM HA DKMTQGK HA TQTXLMDOLT _ HA AMIA^GAHLH GHODL3 A ftrlstkrmk mk as hanohk l fks aiadtks iosokfòdks ha lfùl sustlmdol (p . ac., dkmsugk halfùml hrk`l, um gahodlgamtk= k h a um l amiargahlh ghodl.


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9 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Xln f l < .4 3 T un t o pks ha asqu o zk i r am o l sa`m a f H T G -OY ( LUL ,


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>

GKHAFKT ARUFODLXOYKT HA FL AT\QOSKIÂMOL

Blstl af gkgamtk fls dlusls ha fl asquozkiramol parglmadam

hasdkmkdohls. Axostam, s om agnlr`k, hovarsks blfflz`ks suròhks ha

mugarksls omvasto`ldokmas qua b lm hlhk fu`lr l hovarsls boptasos atokfòdls

(Dkiiay,


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2 ^ ab ln o f otld om dk`m o t o vl am asqu o zk i ram o l 3 lp f o dld om ha f L U X

am fl pknfldom `amarlf fls doirls skm so`moiodltovlgamta gudbk gamkras

(5 .21%) (Sarnom ^uhom,


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Gkhafks axpfodltovls ha fl asquozkiramol ?

Pamhar, ^ksamtblf, Jaty, Tkbufsom`ar y Pafmar 6


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.>. BOUXATOT MAQ^K\QOGODLT

Ukstuflm fl omifuamdol ha hostomtks gadlmosgks maurkquogodks am af

haslrrkffk ha fl asquozkiramol. Fls promdoplfas boptasos skm l boptasos

hkplgomròdl y fl boptasos mkrlhramròdl3

Boptasos hkplgomròdl

Astl boptasos bl hlhk fu`lr l um `rlm vkfugam ha omvasto`ldom. Am s uikrgufldom gs sogpfa pkstufl qua lfùmls ha fls vls hkplgomròdlsdaranrlfas astm boparldtovlhls am fl asquozkiramol (Taaglm,


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<


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< > âblnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

- Axostam fu`lras dordumsdrotks ha glykr y gamkr pravlfamdol haasquozkiramol, ha gkhk qua stl ffa`l l sar blstl < 5 vadas gs iraduamta am

lfùmls zkmls qua am ktrls. Astks hks ft ogks pumtks skm dkmsostamtas dkm af

iumdokmlgoamtk vorlf.

- Iomlfgamta, sa blm badbk ktrks hasdunrogoamtks, dkgk fl axostamdol haafavlhks movafas ha lmtoduarpks dkmtrl hatargomlhls plrtdufls vorlfas am

mugarksls rals daranrlfas ha amiargks ha asquozkiramol.

Ukr k t rl plrta, fk s rasuftlhks skm dkmtrlhodtkroks y l qua, lumqua astlboptasos as dkgpltonfa dkm fks rasuftlhks ha lfùmls omvasto`ldokmas, hosdrapl

dkm fk s rasuftlhks kntamohks pkr ktrks lutkras (Blrt at lf. ,


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Gkhafks axpfodltovks ha fl asquozkiramol < 4

lks ha avkfudom ha fl amiargahlh, fl hurldom ha fls bkspotlfozldokmas k af

t opk ha hurldom haf trltlgoamtk radonohk (Narglm, Paomnar`ar, Tbaftkm y Sad,


33/326

555).

Astls takrls pkstuflrolm u ml nlsa kr`modl qua sa rafldokml dkm af

prkdask ha ikrgldom y glhurldom ha f sostagl marvoksk damtrlf. Omta`rlrlmfks hltks ha ktrk topk ha takrls, tlfas dkgk lftarldokmas astrudturlfas,

dkgpfodldokmas knstratodols, boptasos vorlfas, atd. (Bk`lrty y Ifasbar,


34/326

Gkhafks axpfodltovks ha fl asquozkiramol < 1

- Lf`umks lutkras pflmtalm fl ogpkrtlmdol ha fl prasamdol, k mk, ha

ldkmtadogoamtks votlfas -sotuldokmas lgnoamtlfas- duyk hamkgomlhkr dkgm as

a f sar astraslmtas pl rl fls parskmls vufmarlnfas l haslrrkfflr asquozkiramol.Astks lgnoamtas s a dlrldtarozlm pkr sar (H ly ,


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< 9 âblnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

amtra u m bock y af soùoamta arl rahudohk sa omdragamtlnl af roas`k ha plhadar

asquozkiramol am dkgplrldom l omtarvlfks tagpkrlfas suparokras. Fks lutkras

pflmtalm qua astk pkhrl sa r axpfodlhk pkr ildtkras lgn oamtlfas, lumqua

tlgnom pkhrlm astlr ogpfodlhks ktrks ildtkras tlfas dkgk af astltus

adkmgodk lskdolhk l um glykr mgark ha bocks k dlramdols mutrodokmlfas

hurlmta af parkhk iatlf.

Tom agnlr`k, sarol haglsolhk sogpfostl omtamtlr custoiodlr um trlstkrmk ha

fl dkgpfacohlh ha fl asquozkiramol nlsmhksa am fl hosiumdom ha um modk

afagamtk. As am asta samtohk hkmha dknrlm omtars fks blfflz`ks amdkmtrlhks

qua s a blm oh k hasdronoamhk l fk ( l r `k ha astl saddom, hlmhk ohal ha quaaxosta am fl asquozkiramol um l guftodluslfohlh, k fk qua as fk gosgk, uml

omtarlddom ha gftopfas ildtkras am su atokfk`l. Ls, af gkhafk ha

vufmarlnofohlh, k ha hotasos-astrs, surà dkgk um omtamtk pkr omta`rlr fl

avohamdol blfflhl (l fl vaz qua sorva ha glrdk àmarlf pl rl fl omtarvamdom= amaf qua fks ildtkras àmtodks skm asamdolfas plrl af haslrrkffk ha um trlstkrmk

asquozkirmodk park mk suiodoamtas (Nujl at l f . ,


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G kha fks axp f o dl t o vks ha fl asquozkiramol < 0

movaf ha astrs supuastlgamta mumdl f fa`lrlm l haslrrkfflr um aposkhok ha

asquozkiramol.

Io`url >.


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< 2 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f L X

Axostam vlroks topks ha glrdlhkras ha vufmarlnofohlh 6Muadbtarfaom,


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< ?Gkhafks axpfodltovks ha fl asquozkiramol

gahodldom...) dkgk am af lgnoamtlf (lhadulhl dkgumodldom dkm fl ilgofol...).Astks ildtkras ldtlm sknra af astrs y/k fl vufmarlnofohlh hosgomuyamhk fl

prknlnof ohlh ha lplrodom ha f trlstkrmk.

Dkmtrlrolgamta, sa dkmioùrlm fks ildtkras ha roas`k dkgk tkhk lquaffk

qua dkmtronuya l lugamtlr fl prknlnofohlh ha haslrrkfflr uml drosos. Lfùmks

ildtkras skm3 af lnlmhkmk ha fl gahodldom, fl axostamdol ha astrs lùhk k

drmodk y af dkmsugk ha hrk`ls k lfdkbkf.

F l dkmcumdom ha tkhks astks ildtkras3 vufmarlnofohlh, astrs, prktaddom, y

roas`k, hatargoml iomlfgamta fl lplrodom ha f trlstkrmk (ioùrl >.>, pl` . >5). Ukr

affk, asta gkhafk guftodluslf omtamtl omta`rlrfks y , l s u vaz, puaha lyuhlr lkroamtlr af trltlgoamtk (rablnofotldom). Toùoamhk fl gosgl iofkskil, fl

omtarvamdom pratamha lnlrdlr af gx ogk mg ark ildtkras qua sal pksonfa y, ha

asta gkhk , lsaùrl rsa af glykr xotk tarlputodk, pkrqua,

haslikrtumlhlgamta, s a hasdkmkda a f pask aspadoiodk ha dlhl umk ha fksildtkras ls dkgk fls rafldokmas dluslfas amtra affks.

>.0.


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k1kDk

5

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amasquozkira

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wk

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40/326

G kha fks axp f o dl t o vks ha fl asqu o zk i r am o l > 8 ^ ab lno f o tld om dk`m o t o vl am asqu o zk i ram o l 3 lp f odld om ha f L U X

fu`lr l fk qua bky sa dkmkda dkgk prkdaslgoamtk buglmk ha fl omikrgldom,

uml ha fls tamhamdols qua prahkgomlm am fl psodkfk`l dk`motovl ldtulf.

Ukr fk qua raspadtl l fl ltamdom, astk lnro muavls parspadtovls am suastuhok axparogamtlf, puas lf sa r af kr`lmosgk, am plrta, u m dlmlf ha

dlpldohlh fogotlhl, sa omtamt lmlfozlr dgk sa safaddokml fl omikrgldomhamtrk haf dkmcumtk ha gftopfas astgufks qua f fa`lm l muastrks samtohks. Af

omtamtk pkr raspkmhar l astk hok fu`lr l hks topks ha takrls3 fls takrls

astrudturlfas y fls takrls amar`todls (Aysamj, ) .

4.


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U rkdas ks l tamd okml fas y asqu o zk i r am o l > 1

Io`url T .


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>9 âblnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

lmtas haf fu`lr am af qua ast lfgldamlhk af dkmkdogoamtk ha fl gagkrol l

flr`k pflzk. Haiomo dultrk astrltaòls ltamdokmlfas3 fl progarl rastromà af

mgark ha mputs lmlfozlhks, fl saùmhl (og otl fl s hogamsokmas lmlfozlhls, fltardarl hatargoml fks dkmcumtks ha dlrldtarstodls qua af sucatk nusdl y fl

dulrtl hatargoml qu rasuftlhks h a f lmfosos pardaptulf dkmtrkflm fl safaddom

ha fl raspuastl.

Asta muavk ar=ikqua as gs ifaxonfa. Ta radblzl fl ohal ha um ioftrk y sa

pflmtal fl axostamdol ha u m prkdaslhkr damtrlf, gs dkgpfodlhk, qua utofozl

astrltaòls. Af astuhok ha fl ltamdom l plrtor ha fks lks 05 ast gs f o`lhk l

fls hostomtls dkmdapdokmas sknra af prkdaslhkr damtrlf (Nlhhafay y Botdb,


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^rkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol > 0

acadudom hanohls l fls astrudturls ogpfodlhls am fks hoiaramtas astlhoks ha

prkdaslgoamtk. T om agnlr`k , fks gkhafks pkstarokras sa damtrlrkm am fl

hostronudom ha fks radursks.

Am


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> 2 ^ abl no f o tld o m dk`m o t o vl a m asqu o zk i ram o l 3 lp f odld om ha f L U X

U^KDATKT LQXKGXODKT

- Dkmsostam am fl ldtovldom ha uml saduamdol iocl ha kparldokmas

gamtlfas am raspuastl l u ml dkmioùrldom plrtoduflr h a f mputqua kdurra som afdkmtrkf ldtovk ha fl ltamdom ha f sucatk.

- Lf mk astlr f ogotlhks pkr fl gagkrol l dkrtk pflzk su dlpldohlh asofogotlhl. Mk pradosl ltamdom ldtovl.

- Hovarsks prkdasks lutkgtodks p uaham tamar fu`lr am plrlfafk. M k

omtarioaram dkm ktrks prkdasks soguftmaks mo dkm momùml ldtovohlh gamtlf qua

sa prkhuzdl lf gosgk t oagpk.

- Am àmarlf, af lpramhozlca dlrada ha omifuamdol am astks prkdasksprk`rlglhks àmtodlgamta, tlfas dkgk fl dkhoiodldom aspldolf y tagpkrlf.

Bly ktrks prkdasks lutkgtodks qua puaham haslrrkfflrsa dkm fl prdtodl y

pravoamam fl slturldom ha f sostagl pkr blnofohlhas dkgpfacls, tlfas dkgk fl

fadturl. Fks movafas ha acadudom gackrlm dkmikrga sa lpramha fl saduamdol

lutkgtodl.U^KDATKT DKMX^KFLHKT

- Dkmsostam am uml saduamdol tagpkrlf ha kparldokmas gamtlfas qua sa

ralfozlm nlck dkmtrkf haf sucatk y qua skm ldtovlhls pkr fl ltamdom 6l t a md o mdkmsdoamta).

-

Tkm sarolfas, rafltovlgamta famtks, susdaptonfas ha suiror omtariaramdolsdluslhls pkr fl axostamdol soguftmal ha ktrks prkdaslgoamtks dkmtrkflhks.

- Xoamam dlpldohlh f ogotlhl y skm vufmarlnfas l fl slturldom y l fl

ho t o Af o f h to o to n c To f o f h to o


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol >?

\uozs fks hks trgomks lmlfozlhks (prkdasks lutkgtodks y prkdasks

dkmtrkflhks) bldam raiaramdol l hks pumtks ha u m dkmtomuk (var Blrtl`a at lf.


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4 5 ^ abl n o f o tld om dk`m o t o vl a m asqu o zk i ram o l 3 lp f odld om ha f L U X

Fks h oiaramtas gkhafks tarodks blm hai om ohk glmoiastldokmas

ltamdokmlfas hovarsls, dkgk fls qua sa hasdronam l dkmtomuldom (Tkbfnar` y

Gltaar,


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Urkdasksltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 4 âblnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

Ukr ktrl plrta, hasha af prkdaslgoamtk ha fl omikrgldom sa bl omtamtlhk

lvaroùlr so axostam prknfagls am lfùml ha fls ilsas ha trlmsikrgldom ha fl

omikrgldom, plrl fk qua sa blm dralhk pruanls ha flnkrltkrok, tlfas dkgk

tlrals ha acadudom dkmtomul, amglsdlrlgoamtk vosulf k pruanls ha asdudbl

hodtodl.

L dkmtomuldom sa prasamtlm fks hiodot amdkmtrlhks am hovarsls tlrals y

plrlho`gls agpfalhks plrl avlfulr a f hiodot ltamdokmlf am parskmls

hol`mkstodlhls ha asquozkiramol.

4.4.


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 44

POTDKMTOM DL^H TK^XOM@ XATX (Baltkm, : Tlyjom at lf.,


53/326

4 8 ^ abl n o f o tld om dk`m o t o vl am asqu o zk i ram o l 3 lp f o dld om ha f L U X

prasamtlmhk am fl plmtlffl ha u m krhamlhkr. L plrtor ha astl varsom sa blm

haslrrkfflhk ktrks DUX, dkgk af DXU-LR duyk kncatovk as prasokmlr af nktm

soagpra qua lplrada um astogufk aspadiodk haspus ha ktrk (pkr acagpfk, af 4

dulmhk lplrada haspus ha f 9), af OU-DUX (Dkrmnfltt y Arfamgayar-Jogfom`,


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 4 1

- Fl tlsl ha ilfsls lflrgls ha um DUX ha`rlhlhk skm um nuam prahodtkrha radlohl a m af trlmsdursk ha hks lks hasha fl ralfozldom ha fl pruanl

ltamdokmlf (@gaz, < ? ? ~ =

Am pkn fldom ha roas`k sa blm kntamohk fks so`uoamtas rasuftlhks3

-

Fks bocks ha glhras dkm asquozkiramol guastrlm u m pakr ramhogoamtk amaf DUX qua sus dkgplarks ha dflsa 6Lslrmkw y GldDroggkm,


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(Nraotgayar,


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 40

prasamtldom ha uml gltroz ha 4x4 8x8 fatrls hurlmta u m parokhk ha toagpk

guy dkrtk (amtra 85 y 05 gsa`s. ), tamoamhk af sucatk qua hador so uml

hatargomlhl fatrl lplrada am asl gltroz k mk 6p k r acagpfk, fl bofarls ha fatrls 6Lslrmkw y @rlmbkfg,


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4 2 âblnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f L^X

pruanl astm rafldokmlhks dkm fks lspadtks safadtovks ha fl ltamdom,

lmlfozmhksa af mgark ha arrkras y kgosokmas a m af saùogoamtk haf gamslca

ltamhohk y fls omtrusokmas haf g ltarolf m k ltamhohk.

Ta b l m ralfozlhk mugarksks astuhoks qua s a b l m damtrlhk am hovarsksvlfkras ha fl pruanl. Fks rasuftlhks kntamohks skm fks soùoamtas3

- Dulmhk af gamslca ast ikrglhk pkr plflnrls orrafavlmtas sa b l

amdkmtrlhk qua fks asquozkirmodks dkgatam gs arrkras ha kgosom qua fks

sucatks mkrglfas (Lfam,


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 4?

Fks astuhoks qua blm agpfalhk pruanls ha prkdaslgoamtk ha fl

omikrgldom blm plrtohk ha hks glrdks tarodks hoiaramtas3 gkhafks

astrudturlfas y gkhafks ha dlpldohlh.

Fks progarks bldam bomdlpo am fks hoiaramtas astlhoks am fks qua fl

omikrgldom as prkdaslhl. Fls takrls qua raiutlm fl mkdom ha u m duaffk ha

nktaffl a m uml atlpl aspadiodl, tagprlml k tlrhl, am fl saduamdol haprkdaslgoamtk ha fl omikrgldom, pflmtalm qua u m hiodot a m af prkdaslgoamtk

tagp rlmk hlrl dkgk rasuftlhk lf`uml ha`rlhldom am fl amtrlhl h a f astogufk,fk qua liadtlrl l fl s ilsas so`uoamtas ha prkdaslgoamtk, goamtrls qua fl

axostamdol ha hiodot am fl kr`lmozldom y acadudom ha fl raspuastl hlrl fu`lr

lf hatarokrk am uml saroa ha tlrals park glmtamoamhk aiodoamta afprkdaslgoamtk am atlpls tagprlmls (@rlmbkfg, : @raam, : Gd@uoa y

Dblpglm,


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lhvarslgamta liadtlhks pkr lf tls haglmhls ha radursks qua fks dkmtrkfas,

su`oara qua lfdlmzlm fks fgotas ha su hospkmonofohlh ha radursks l gamkras

dlmtohlhas ha prkdaslgoamtk qua fks mkrglfas (@rlmbkfg, ) .

Lhags, mk hanarlgks sa`ra`lr af iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk ha f

dkmcumtk haf iumdokmlgoamtk ha f pldoamta. Xlf y dkgk axpkma Nrlii (


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Urkdasks ltamdokmlfas y asquozkiramol 8 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

acadudom am pruanls ha gagkrol vosulf y tlrals ha vafkdohlh y hastrazl

gktkrl 6Lhhotkm` yLhhotkm`,


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ltamdom 6Tdbmaohar,


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8 8 ^ ab ln o f otld om dk`motovl a m asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

- Mo fl lhgomostrldom ha maurkfptodks agpakrl af ramhogoamtk am fls

pruanls maurkpsodkf`odls mo su suprasom gackrl af ramhogoamtk.

- Astuhoks qua dkgplrlnlm `rupks ha asquozkirmodks dkm y som

gahodldom knsarvlnlm um pakr ramhogoamtk haf sa`umhk `rupk ha pldoamtas

6T lyj om atlf,


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dk`motovk ha pldoamtas dkm asquozkiramol. Ukr acagpfk, fl dfkzlpoml gackrlnl fl

ltamdom, ifuohaz varnlf y lfùmls iumdokmas acadutovls, y fl kflmzlpoml

gackrlnl af lpramhozlca varnlf y gagkrol, ifuohaz varnlf y iumdokmas acadutovls

(mk fl ltamdom).

Am rafldom l fks pltrkmas ha raspuastl, plrada qua as af dkgpkmamta

rafldokmlhk lf t oagpk af qua arl samsonfa lf dlgnok. \uozs asta pltrm iuarlrasuftlhk ha fl lusamdol ha smtkgls axtrlporlgohlfas am fks lmtopsodtodks

ltopodks, yl qua fks smtkgls axtrlporlgohlfas skm u m dkgpkmamta qua

amfamtada fls blnof ohlhas gktkrls. Ukr fk tlmtk, lf mk axostor asta dkgpkmamta,

astl blnofohlh s a vuafva gs rpohl, pkr fk qua fl acadudom am fl s tlrals am fl s

qua af toagpk as u m dkgpkmamta dflva gackrlm.M k knstlmta, af gadlmosgk qua axpfodlrl pkrqu sa prkhuda astl gackrl

ast pkdk dflrk. Tkm gftopfas fl s raòkmas daranrlfas y sostagls ha

maurktrlmsgoskras qua astm omvkfudrlhks am af iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk.

Lumqua bly mugarksks astuhoks sknra astls iumdokmas am trgomks ha

maurkpsodkfkòl y maurklmltkgol, fk s astuhoks sknra s u mlturlfazlilrgldkfòdl skm guy radoamtas.

4 .9 . AYKFQDOM HA FKT HIODOX DK@MOXOYKT

Qm afagamtk guy ogpkrtlmta plrl fl rablnofotldom dk`motovl as fl ha so fks

hiodot dk`motovks am fl asquozkiramol agpakrlm dkm af plsk haf toagpk k mk. Fl

raspuastl q ua s a ha l astl praùmtl a s drudolf pkrqua hatargomlr a f kncatovkha fl omtarvamdom.

Ulrl lvaroùlrfk sa blm ralfozlhk hovarsks astuhoks qua puaham


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8 9 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

amiargahlh (@kfhstaom y Sunom,


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u m haslrrkffk tagprlmk ha fl pltkfk`ol. Omdfusk sarl pksonfa hatadtlr l astkspldoamtas lmtas h a f omodok h a f dulhrk psodtodk dkm pruanls ha maurkogl`am(Jasblvlm, Uattar`raw, Ulmdblfom`lg, Jlpflm y N kz oj ,


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8

^ABLNOFOXLDOM DK@MOXOYL3 U^KDATKTLXAMDOKMLFAT

8.


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1 5 ^ ab ln o f otld om dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

ktrl, uml saroa ha ldtuldokmas sknra a f lgnoamta (psodkahudldom pl rl flilgofol y fl draldom ha u m skpkrta skdolf).

Fls omtarvamdokmas psodkskdolfas cua`lm um plpaf drtodk am fk s prk`rlgls

ha rablnofotldom omta`rlf, ha ikrgl qua skm u m dkgpkmamta madaslrok dulmhk

af kncatovk as af ha gackrlr af iumdokmlgoamtk `fknlf, fl dlfohlh ha vohl y fl

lhbaramdol lf trltlgoamtk ha astks pldoamtas (Lmtbkmy y Alrjls,


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âblnofotldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas 1 âblnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f L U X

pravok l trlvs h a f dulf dkmsaùor uml gackrl ha fks hiodot dk`motovks (Bkha f y

Nrammar,


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Asta topk ha omtarvamdokmas sa bldam madaslrols, mk sfk pkrqua sa hanatrlnlclr sknra dlpldohlhas qua astm lftarlhls, somk pkrqua af xotk ha fls

ktrls omtarvamdokmas puaha hapamhar ha qua fls dlpldohlhas dk`motovls

iumdokmam lhadulhlgamta. Ulrl raglrdlr asta ftogk pumtk, sogpfagamta

gamdokmlr fks rasuftlhks ha u m astuhok qua hagkstr qua vlrolnfas dk`motovls,

dkgk fks t oagpks ha ralddom sogpfa, pkhlm prahador af xotk qua u m prkdaskha rablnofotldom tamhrl trlmsdurrohks t ras lks (Pyjas, Tturt y Jltz,


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` q p

plsovls y ha skpkrta (var io`url 8.> , p l` . 1 9 ) . Astls vlrolnfas liadtlm tlmtk l fldk`modom ha f pldoamta dkgk l fl dlpldohlh ha amsalrfa, pkr acagpfk, uml

astrlta`ol ha dkgpamsldom ha su iumdom dk`motovl hatarokrlhl.

8.>. > Ylrolnfas plsovls


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8.>.>. Ylrolnfas plsovls

Goamtrls qua fl s vlrolnfas ldtovls liadtlm horadtlgamta lf dkmtamohk hafl s raprasamtldokmas gamtlfas, fk qua a s lpramhohk k radkrhlhk, fls vlrolnfasplsovls liadtlm l fl hospksodom, omdfomldom y praplrldom bldol fl tlral. Astk

ildofotl l (l parskml prkdaslr fl omikrgldom.

Uuaham ifudtulr l fk flr`k h a f h l , omdfusk ha uml bk rl l k t rl , som q ua fl

glykrl ha fl àmta tam`l dkmdoamdol mk sfk ha sus ifudtuldokmas somk ha susaiadtks, soamhk am gudbls kdlsokmas iumhlg amtlf af aiadtk qua stls toamam

am a f iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk. Bly hks topks ha vlrolnfas plsovls3 fls

iosokfòdls y fls psodkfòdls.

- YLÔLNFAT IOTOKF@ODLT3 omdfuyam tlmtk fl dkmhodom isodl

(amiargahlhas, hkfkr, r otgks d ordlh olmks, mutr od om, acardodok, ilto`l,

raflcldom...) dkgk af dkmsugk ha hatargomlhls sustlmdols 6d l i , lfdkbkf,

gahodlgamtks...).

- YLÔLNFAT U T OD K F @ O D L T 3 a m fk n l m fk s astlhks agkdokmlfas6lmsoahlh, haprasom...), fls ldtotuhas 6d r aam d o l s rafoòksls, astaraktopks,

ldtotuh bldol a f tarlpautl....) y fl gktovldom h a f sucatk.

Astls vlrolnfas plsovls liadtlm fl radaptovohlh ha fl omikrgldom (pkr

acagpfk, prknfagls ha vosom ildofotlrl fl prhohl ha omikrgldom), af glmack

qua s a blda ha stl (pkr acagpfk, lfùoam qua s a amduamtra lptodk mkprkdaslr fl omikrgldom tlm rpohk dkgk so astuvoarl lfartl), ls dkgk fl

raspkmsovohlh (pkr acagpfk, lfùoam qua ast g uy gahodlhk mk puaha

prkmumdolr dflrlgamta fk qua hasal).

8 > 4 Y o nf h t

19 âblnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f L^X

U^XATfT~ skm lyuhls afadtrmodls k mk qua ildofotlm l fl parskml l


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- U^XATfT~ skm lyuhls, afadtrmodls k mk , qua ildofotlm l fl parskml l

glmaclrsa am sotuldokmas qua raquoaram ha u m nuam iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk.

Acagpfk ha prtasos sarlm fls làmhls ha tafikmks, qua supforlm l fl

gagkrol.

- L G N OA M X A I T OD K 3 d km s o s t a a m fl gkhoiodldom haf lgnoamta pl rlilvkradar af lfgldm k raduparldom ha fl omikrgldom. Acagpfks ha fl

gkhoiodldom haf lgnoamta isodk sarolm fl kr`lmozldom h a f aspldok y fl

utofozldom ha dflvas lgnoamtlfas (pkr acagpfk, pkmar af honuck ha um dudboffk am

af dlcm am af qua sa ùlrhlm fks dudboffks).

- LGNOAMXA TKDOLF3 as fl utofozldom ha fl rah skdolf haf sucatk. Ukr

acagpfk, dkmsostorl a m qua lf`m ilgofolr fa raduarha l fl parskml fls raumokmas

l fls qua hana lduhor.

Ioùrl 8 . > 3 Gkhafk guftogkhlf plrl fl rablno f o tld om dk`motovl (U lramt y Barrglm,


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blnr qua hatlfflr dlhl umk ha fks afagamtks qua hanam sar dkgprlhks. Ulrlastk, umk mk sa hana haclr hostrlar pkr fk qua kdurra lfrahahkr, y puaha

kr`lmozlr fl omikrgldom ha ikrgl qua fua`k fl raduarha gs idofgamta

(vlrolnfas ldtovls). Xkhk astk sa prkdaslr y ffavlr l dlnk gs aiodoamtagamta

so mk sa ast dlmslmhk, m k sa toama blgnra, mk huafa fl dlnazl..., so sa ast

gktovlhk plrl bldarfk y m k bly prakdupldokmas rkmhlmhk pkr fl gamta(vlrolnfas plsovls). Iomlfgamta, uml lftarmltovl am af dlsk ha qua mk sa quoarl

bldar usk ha fl gagkrol as af asdronor uml fostl dkm fls dksls qua bly qua

dkgprlr (vlrolnfas ha skpkrta).

Avohamtagamta, hanagks ha tamar am duamtl tkhls astls vlrolnfas lf

pflmoiodlr um prk`rlgl ha rablnofotldom dk`motovl, puastk qua vlm l astlr

omifuyamhk am su aiadtovohlh. Ha astl ikrgl sa trlnlclrl hasha fls trasvartoamtas3 pkr u m flhk sa gackrlml fl dlpldohlh ha radapdom ha omikrgldom y

dkhoiodldom, y pkr ktrk sa dkmtrkflrlm fls vlrolnfas plsovls, astk as, mk ralfozlr

af amtramlgoamtk, pkr acagpfk, guy tagprlmk pkr fl gllml l uml parskml

qua suafa favlmtlrsa tlrha, mk ffavlrfk l dlnk s o fl parskml mk ast gktovlhl k

mk qua af amtramlgoamtk mk fk ralfoda um tarlpautl qua tam`l glfl rafldom dkmaf sucatk. Ha f gosgk gkhk, sa blda madaslrok lduhor l vlrolnfas ha skpkrta

dkgk um dkgpfagamtk ha hasdlr`l ha iumdokmas, ls dkgk dulmhk mk sa

dkmso`ua gackrl am fl vlrolnfa.

8.4. DL^LDXA^TXODLT @AMA^LFAT HA FL ^ABLNOFOXLDOMDK@MOXOYL

Fl rablnofotldom dk`motovl as um prkdask tarlpatodk duyk kncatovk as a f



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- Hlr omikrgldom sknra fl s rals dk`motovls lftarlhls y tlgno m sknra flsdkmsarvlhls (Namahat: < ? ? 4 : @ofas y Dflrj-Posfkw:


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- Lhlptlr fl tlral yfk lgnoamta. Ukdk l pkdk sa hana rahudor fl prasomha f toagpk y af mgark ha suntlrals utofozlhls, gomogozlr fls omtarrupdokmas y

fostlr fls saduamdols ha fls tlrals. As iumhlgamtlf fl suparvosom dkmstlmta haf

ramhogoamtk ha f sucatk.

- Lmlfozlr fks hiodot ha f pldoamta. Hanag ks slnar so fks hiodot ha f pldoamta

skm hanohks l qua sta as famtk k rpohk, so sa hostrla idofgamta, so t oamaprknfagls dk`motovks lhodokmlfas k so toama prknfagls gktkras, amtra ktrks.

- Lmlfozlr af pktamdolf ha dkgpamsldom. Bly qua dkmkdar fl pksonofohlh

ha dkgpamslr af hiodot, am af dlsk ha qua sa hanl lduhor l vlrolnfas axtarmls.

^asugoamhk fk lmtarokr, fl avlfuldom vl l hlr omikrgldom plrlhatargomlr af movaf ha iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk. Astl omikrgldom sa utofozl plrl

pflmoiodlr fl omtarvamdom omodolf. Dkm astl omikrgldom, y blnoamhk lmlfozlhk fks

lspadtks axpfodlhks dkm lmtarokrohlh sknra fl omtarvamdom, sa dkmstruya fl

rablnofotldom, duyk promdopok as af agplraclgoamtk amtra fls haglmhls ha fls

tlrals y af iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk. Af amtramlgoamtk hana nlslrsa am fls

dlpldohlhas prasarvlhls plrl trltlr lquaffls qua astm gs liadtlhls. Af

tarlpautl hana ut of ozlr tlrals lcustlhls lf movaf dk`motovk am af qua sa

amduamtrl af sucatk.

Ls, uml vaz omodolhk af amtramlgoamtk sa hana knsarvlr dgk as af

ramhogoamtk ha f sucatk a or lcustlmhk af amtramlgoamtk l fk knsarvlhk. Fls

gatlsl dkitk pflzkha fl omtarvamdom sa astlnfadam am iumdom ha fl acadudom

ldtul f ha f sucatk, goamtrls qua fls gatls l flr`k pflzk sa astlnfadam

prahodoamhk fks pksonfas dlgnoks am su acadudom.

9 5 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX


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dlpldohlh haf sucatk plrl lpramhar dkm fl rapatodom. Astk as ogpkrtlmta

pkrqua pargota vlfkrlr fl dlpldohlh ha f sucatk plrl lhquoror blnofohlhas

muavls. M ks amdkmtrlrlgks am asta mova f dulmhk, pkr acagpfk, am af

amtramlgoamtk bagks utofozlhk uml pruanl ha dlmdafldom ha dunks, y am fl

avlfuldom sa prkhuda gackrl am uml pruanl tlgnom ha dlmdafldom (sa

dkgplrlm fks rasuftlhks ha fl avlfuldom lmtas y haspus ha f amtramlgoamtk).

- M OY A F H A G A H OH L T U T OD K G X OD L T (` a m a rl fo z l d o m h a s a u m h kmovaf=3 sa prkhuda dulmhk fl gackrl sa hl am pruanls qua dkmtoamam sogoflras

raquosotks dk`motovks park duyls haglmhls skm hoiaramtas l fls ha fl tlral

utofozlhl am af amtramlgoamtk. Tarol af dlsk ha uml gackrl a m uml pruanl ha

acadudom dkmtomul blnomhksa amtramlhk am uml pganl ha dlmdafldom(lgnls tlrals ha ltamdom skstamohl).

- MOYAF HA YOHL DKXOHOLML (àmarlfozldom ha tardar movaf)3 as af

movaf ha àmarlfozldom suparokr a ogpfodl fl trlmsiaramdol ha fl blnofohlh

dkmsaùohl am fls sasokmas ha amtramlgoamtk lf iumdokmlgoamtk holrok ha fl

parskml (@fkl`,


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trlmsiaramdol ha fk lpramhohk stl mk as lutkgtodl somk qua t oama fu`lrhurlmta af lpramhozlca, pkr fk qua hana sar p flmo i odlhl y pkstarokrgamta sa

lpfodlrfl am af amtramlgoamtk 6Xk`fol,


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To dkgplrlgks fls punfodldokmas radk`ohls am af UsyF(X (LgarodlmUsydbkfk`odlf Lsskdoltokm, ), amtra


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pkr af vkfugam ha punfodldokmas dkm astl pknfldom, somk pkrqua lhagshanagks tamar am duamtl fls so`uoamtas vlrolnfas3 bly avohamdol ha qua axosta

lf`m topk ha fasom daranrlf am fl asquozkiramol (^khr`uaz-Iarrarl y

GdJamml,


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asquozkiramol, pksonfagamta pkrqua mk s a puaha hatargomlr gkgamtk m o topkha fasom daranrlf.

- _, pkr ftogk, af topk ha trlstkrmk vl l hatargomlr um dkmtaxtk

rablnofotlhkr hoiaramta. Ukr acagpfk, a m fks fasokmlhks daranrlfas suafa or

lskdolhl fl iosoktarlpol, goamtrls qua am af asquozkirmodk af trltlgoamtk g s

blnotulf as af trltlgoamtk ilrgldkfòdk dkm maurkfptodks.

8.1. GKHLFOHLHAT HA OMXA^YAMDOM3 ATXQHOKT TKNÂ

FL ÂBLNOFOXLDOM HA FL LXAMDOM

Xrlhodokmlfgamta, fks hoiaramtas topks ha rablnofotldom dk`motovl sa blm

l`ruplhk am tras dlta`krls3 rablnof otldom, sustotudom y dkgpamsldom

(Ifasbar,


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Xlnfl 8.


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Asta topk ha omtarvamdokmas axparogamtlfas ast haslrrkffmhksa

iumhlgamtlfgamta am af trltlgoamtk ha amiargahlhas ha`amarltovls haf topk

amiargahlh ha Ulrjomskm k Dkral ha Bumtom`tkm (Nlrjar y Hummatt,


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pldoamta l rahudor af astrs k omstlurlr bnotks ha suak y lfogamtodoks, fk quapuaha gackrlr su iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk.

8.1.8.Lyuhls axtarmls

Xrlhodokmlfgamta astl lprkxogldom b l sohk haiomohl dkgk fl utofozldom

ha prtasos. Hasha asta pflmtalgoamtk sa lsuga qua doartks hiodot dk`motovksskm trltlhks gackr dulmhk sa hktl ha lyuhls axtarmls lf sucatk qua afuhlm fl

hosiumdom, am fu`lr ha amtramlr af prkdask dk`motovk am so. Af kncatovk ha asta

topk ha omtarvamdokmas as fl rakr`lmozldom iumdokmlf k lhlptldom l fl

hosdlpldohlh. Af milsos ast am damtrlrsa am fls plmas iuartas y dlpldohlhas

omtldtls haf sucatk, y utofozlrfls plrl dkgpamslr fls hoioduftlhas k plrl lpramhar

l glmaclrsa l paslr ha affls. Astk ogpfodl u m dlgnok am fl avlfuldom qua saralfozl, ha tlf ikrgl qua hana hatadtlr mk sfk fls rals haiodotlrols, somk

tlgnom fls dkmsarvlhls (Jltz y Blhls,


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Af amtramlgoamtk sa ralfoz dkm af Dk`motova Lhlptltokm Xrlomom` (DLX=. AfDLX as u m glmulf qua iua hosalhk plrl fks trlnlclhkras am slfuh gamtlf

plrl omtarvamor am pldoamtas dkm prknfagls ltamdokmlfas (Yaffo`lm, Glburom,

Faitkm, Xrua y Ifkras,


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astogufk dkm su rpfodl a m u m dkmcumtk ha astgufks, y af ha tlral ha

lnstrlddom, duyk kncat ovk arl agplraclr um astogufk dkm lquaf qua tuvoarl

rafldom sagmtodl ha u m dkmcumtk ha tras astgufks. L lgnks `rupks sa fas

hlnl > damtlvks pkr dlhl tras ohamtoiodldokmas dkrradtls, y fks arrkras tamlm

uml fo`arl pamlfozldom. Fks rasuftlhks amdkmtrlhks iuarkm qua sa prkhudl

gackrl sfk am af progar `rupk, qua as af qua ralfoz tlrals ltamdokmlfas.Ktrk lutkr, Gaosafglm (


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lprabamsom. Ulrl affk utofozlrkm um `rupk ha 85 parskmls hol`mkstodlhls haasquozkiramol y fls lso`mlrkm lfaltkrolgamta l umk ha fks dultrk `rupks3 l)

lhgomostrldom rapatohl ha fl pruanl ha lgpfotuh: n) raiuarzk gkmatlrok trls hlr

uml raspuastl dkrradtl am l pruanl: d) omstruddokmas lmtas ha bldar fl pruanl

y, iomlfgamta, h) um `rupk qua radono raiuarzk gs omstruddokmas. Ha tkhks fks

`rupks, sfk gackr af ramhogoamtk a m fl tlral ha lgpfotuh ha lprabamsom haf

ftogk `rupk.

DKMDFQTOKMAT

Lumqua lf`umks ha fks rasuftlhks skm asparlmzlhkras, plrada

haspramharsa ha fl ravosom ralfozlhl qua af afagamtk ogpkrtlmta mk as hlr

ratrklfogamtldom ha fl acadudom y raikrzlr fks fk`rks, somk qua astksafagamtks s a hanam llhor l fl prdtodl rapatohl ha fl tlral. Ukr ktrl plrta,

lf`umk ha fks astuhoks dlradam ha pruanls ha avlfuldom hoiaramtas l fls

utofozlhls am af amtramlgoamtk (Gaosafglm, < ? 0 4 = , am ktrks dlsks astl

avlfuldom axosta park fls pruanls mk skm hoiaramtas l fls haf amtramlgoamtk y

mk b ly uml trlmsiaramdol ha fl gackrl am af ramhogoamtk am fls tlralsamtramlhls l fls ha avlfuldom (Pofskm y ^knartskm, ) . Lhags, am

rafldom lf aiadtk ha fl prdtodl cumtk dkm raiuarzk plrada sa r aiadtovk am

rafldom l fl ltamdom y mk am tlrals ha lnstrlddom 6Pl`mar,


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0>

^ablnofotldom

u,

l=

A5-l=lku,kAlAtl=aklAl=k.u,ktH6kwOtk5-6uku=

kksd

Ksd-Csd=1wu,kbwdo,>kv

k[

>FQ


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8.1.9.Amtramlgoamtk am astrltaòlsAstl gkhlfohlh ha amtramlgoamtk sa nlsl am fl ohal ha Fuml ha qua fl

raùfldom ha fl ltamdom hapamha am ` rl m gahohl h a f blnfl sunvkdlf (Fuml,< ? 9 9 ) . D k m s o s t a a m am sa l r l f p l d o a m t a a s t r l t a ` o l s dk`motovls qua salmlpfodlnfas am uml lgpfol vlroahlh ha dkmtaxtks, dkgk pkr acagpfk, astrltaòls

plrl raskfvar prknfagls, radkrhlr omikrgldom, glmtamar fl ltamdom kdkmvarslr.

Asta topk ha omtarvamdokmas puaha vlrolr sa`m af movaf ha radursks qua sa

raquoarlm. Fls ldtuldokmas am af movaf dk`motovk g s haglmhlmta sarlm af

amtramlgoamtk plrl uslr lutkomstruddokmas k astrltaòls ha lutkgkmotkrozldom,

y am af movaf gs nsodk astlrlm sotulhls fls astrltaòls qua sa lpfodlmhoradtlgamta am tlrals ha fl vohl dktoholml am fks qua fl parskml prasamtl

prknfagls, pkr acagpfk, amtramlr l utofozlr u m fostlhk plrl ffavlr l dlnk fks

plsks madaslroks plrl dkgpfatlr uml tlral (Tfklm y Ukmsikrh,


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Fls omstruddokmas qua fl parskml sa hl bldam raiaramdol l fk soùoamta3hasdropdom ha fl tlral, astrltaòls plrl lirkmtlrfl, damtrlrsa am fks lspadtks

rafavlmtas ha fl tlral a o`mkrlr fks orrafavlmtas, lirkmtlr fks pamslgoamtks qua

suràm hurlmta fl acadudom ha fl tlral y lutkrraikrzlrsa. L dkmtomuldom sa

lmlfozlm hovarsks trlnlcks amdulhrlhks hamtrk ha astl g khlfohlh (dulhrk 8.>,

pl`. 02) .ATXQHOKT H A TQCAXKT D K M X^LQGLXOTGKT D^LMAKAMDAIFODKT

flm ^knartskm bl ralfozlhk vlroks astuhoks ha dlsk modk am af qua utofozl

af gtkhk ha lutkomstruddokmas. Am


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fatrls vartodlf. Fls drotodls qua sa fa bldam l asta astuhok skm fls gosgls quaplrl af lmtarokr, dkm af llhohk ha qua fls pruanls tlmtk ha fl avlfuldom dkgk

ha f amtramlgoamtk skm guy plradohls. Am rafldom dkm astk, pkhrl pflmtalrsa

qua um afagamtk l tamar am duamtl am af iuturk as lvaro`ulr qu topk ha

ramhogoamtks puaham g ackrlr dkm fl Hrdtodl

ATXQHOKT DKM ULDOAMXAT AT\QOSKI^MODKTAm astl dlta`krl pkhagks amdulhrlr fks amtramlgoamtks am

lutkomstruddokmas ha Gaodbamnlug y Dlgarkm () hosa u m astuhok duyk amtramlgoamtk dkmstlnl ha


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Ylm har @ll` () hosa u m astuhok duyk amtramlgoamtk dkmstlnl halutkomstruddokmas, lhags ha astrlta`ols gmagktdmodls y ha rlzkmlgoamtk

omhudtovk. Avlfu fl ltamdom, fl gagkrol y fl dlpldohlh ha pflmoiodldom y

rlzkmlgoamtk. Am af astuhok sa dkgplr um `rupk axparogamtlf ha pldoamtas

asquozkirmodks bkspotlfozlhks, dkm um `rupk pfldank, ikrglhk pkr pldoamtas

om`raslhks, qua ralfoz cua`ks y ldtovohlhas radraltovls, y dkm um `rupk dkmtrkfikrglhk pkr asquozkirmodks mk bkspotlfozlhks, pldoamtas dkm trlstkrmks

liadtovks y sucatks mkrglfas, qua mk ralfoz mom`uml ldtovohlh. Fks rasuftlhks

omhodlrkm qua af `rupk axparogamtlf gackr so`moiodltovlgamta trls af

amtramlgoamtk am fl glykrl ha fl s pruanls: lhags af `rupk pfldank y afaxparogamtlf gackrlrkm am fl tlral Ttrkkp (var dulhrk 8.>, pl` . 02) . Tom

agnlr`k, am asta astuhok mk rasuftl idof slnar qu dkgpkmamta hafamtramlgoamtk iua af raspkmslnfa ha fls gackrls kntamohls.

Lhlgs y dkflnkrlhkras (Lhlgs, Glfltastl, Nrlmtfay y Xurjlt,


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p , ` ( , ) y,lhags, m k utofozlm `rupks dkmtrkf (Glr`kfos y Tbagnar`, ) , qua as af g s lhadulhk l movafgatkhkfòdk, sa amtraml am hovarsks topks ha astrltaòls y, pradoslgamta astk,

as fk qua blda hoiodof slnar qu afagamtk as af raspkmslnfa haf dlgnok:

lhags asta lutkr mk axpfodl dkm qu gltarolf ralfozl af amtramlgoamtk,

lspadtk qua pargotorl slnar so bly lf`m aiadtk ha prdtodl k so sa prkhuda

uml àmarlfozldom ha fls astrltaòls lpramhohls.

0


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02

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98/326

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99/326

p , p , `F l tarlpol ha astogufldom as pksonfagamta af gtkhk gs lmtoùk ha

rablnofotldom dk`motovl y umk ha fks gs utof ozlhks. Asta gtkhk sa nlsl am fl

ohal ha qua sa puaha fk`rlr uml dflrl gackrl ha f iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk haf

sucatk astoguflmhk su sostagl dk`motovk ha ikrgl àmarlf.

Asta topk ha omtarvamdom sa ffavl l dlnk mkrglfgamta dkm acardodoks ha

plpaf y fpoz (gs radoamtagamta dkm skpkrta omikrgtodk), raquoromhksa af usk

ha uml k gs blnofohlhas gamtlfas. Af prkdahogoamtk as dkgk soùa3 sa fa poha

lf pldoamta qua prldtoqua am lquaffls tlrals am fls qua amduamtrl hoioduftlh,

plrtoamhk haf supuastk ha qua l f uslr astls blnofohlhas gackrlr fl dk`modom y

ha qua fl gackrl am astls blnofohlhas sa trlmsiaror l fls ldtovohlhas ha fl vohlholrol (Jltz y Blhls,


100/326

ATXQHOKT H A TQCAXKT D K M X^LQGLX OTGKT D^LMAKAMDAIFODKT

Amtramlgoamtk dkm tlrals h a plpaf y fpoz

Uatar Tdbarzar (


101/326

lskdoldom ha ohals k usk ha oglòmarol. Am fls < 5 saglmls soùoamtas sa

amtramlnl fl dkkrhomldom voskgktkrl y a f prkdaslgoamtk ha omikrgldom vosulf.

Fks acardodoks utofozlhks iuarkm3 lhquosodom ha saduamdols gktkrls rotgodls,

afaddom ha pumtks ha raiaramdol lhadulhks, hataddom ha dlrldtarstodls

slfoamtas, y rlzkmlgoamtk hahudtovk mk varnlf. Iomlfgamta af amtramlgoamtk a m

fls tras ft ogls saglmls astlnl nlslhk am fl dkgpramsom varnlf y af

rlzkmlgoamtk bopkttodk-hahudtovk (ikrgldom ha dkmdaptks, lmfosos varnlf,

smtasos y rlzkmlgoamtk).

Fl avlfuldom sa ralfoz dkm uml nltarol ha pruanls guy lgpfol. Fks

rasuftlhks kntamohks trls a f amtramlgoamtk sfk gkstrlrkm gackrl pl rl fk s tast

psodkgktkras ha ltamdom (t oagpks ha ralddom), fls pruanls ha prkdaslgoamtk

vosulf haf PLOT, fls pruanls ha gagkrol y fls ha rlzkmlgoamtk dkgpfack.

Dlnrol hastldlr hks lspadtks ha asta astuhok. Am progar fu`lr, l paslr ha

qua lfùmls vlrolnfas gackrlrkm, mk a s pksonfa, pkr a f topk ha hosak, slnarqu afagamtk iua af dluslmta ha tl f gackrl. Am saùmhk fu`lr, fl omaxostamdol

ha u m `rupk dkmtrkf mk mks pargota slnar so fl gackrl as hanohl lf

amtramlgoamtk k lf plsk ha f toagpk. Lhags, as um astuhok dkgpfack am dulmtk

qua amtraml mugarksls dlpldohlhas (dk`motovls, blnofohlhas skdolfas, acardodok

iosodk...)

Amtramlgoamtk dkm krhamlhkr

Am astl saddom s a vlm l hasdronor tras astuhoks am fks q u a , l hoiaramdolha f lmtarokr hkmha sa bldam hovarsls omtarvamdokmas tlfas dkgk amtramlgoamtk

âblnofotldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas 2 4

hodtodl, duyk ramhogoamtk mk gackr trls a f amtramlgoamtk. Bly qua salflr,mk knstlmta, qua fl avlfuldom iua l movaf luhotovk y a f amtramlgoamtk l movaf


102/326

, q y

vosulf. A stl haiodoamdol am af hosak ogpksonofotl dulfquoar dkmdfusom sknra flaiodldol h a f amtramlgoamtk, hlhk qua pkhrl kdurror qua a f amtramlgoamtk salaiadtovk, pa rk qua mk s a `amarlfoda l ktrl gkhlfohlh samskrolf.

A f sa`umhk astuhok iua ralfozlhk pkr Xbkgls-Ttkmaff y dkflnkrlhkras am


103/326

parskmls dkm trlugltosgkdrlmakamdaifodk hovohohks am hks `rupks am iumdom

haf amtramlgoamtk. Af kncatovk iua lmlfozlr fl aspadoiodohlh ha fks

amtramlgoamtks, pkr fk qua amtramlrkm l um `rupk am ltamdom y gagkrol y lf

ktrk am rlzkmlgoamtk y pamslgoamtk f`odk.

Xrls af amtramlgoamtk amdkmtrlrkm qua fks sucatks ha fks hks `rupksgackrlrkm af ramhogoamtk ha tkhls fl s pruanls ha avlfuldom axdaptk am fl ha

dunks. Dkm astk s a dkmdfuya qua mk bly aspadoiodohlh: lumqua dlnrol salflrqua mk quahl dflrl fl rafldom amtra fl s pruanls utofozlhls am a f amtramlgoamtk

dkm fls uslhls am fl avlfuldom. Ukr ktrl plrta, fl nltarl m k as g uy dkgpfatl,

mk sa ralfozl uml lhadulhl avlfuldom ha fl ltamdom, pkr fk qua mk slnagks

qua kdurrorl am asta dlsk. Lhags, fl omaxostamdol ha `rupk dkmtrkf, qua fks

lutkras mk puhoarkm utofozlr pkr prknfagls todks, fk qua ogpfodl um

hasdkmkdogoamtk ha fk s dlgnoks prkhudohks pkr af plsk haf toagpk.

ATXQHOKT DK M ULDOAMXAT AT\QOSKI^MODKT

Amtramlgoamtk dlm tlrals ha plpaf y fpoz

Kfnrodb y Gus`ly (


104/326

lhags ha qua as u m amtramlgoamtk duyks astgufks skm guy sogoflras l fks

ha fls pruanls ha avlfuldom duyk ramhogoamtk gackr.

Ukr s u plrta, Lbgamh y @kfhglm (


105/326

l su vaz hosgomuorl fls dlpldohlhas dk`motovls haf sucatk, prkhudomhksa ha

astl ikrgl uml ratrklfogamtldom amtra lgnks badbks, ha ikrgl qua fks hiodot

dk`motovks ffavlm l hiodot ha krham suparokr y l s u vaz, astks `amarlm hiodotdk`motovks.

Ulrtoamhk ha asta gkhafk, a f kncatovk h a f OU X a s damtrlrsa am a f movafdk`motovk gs nsodk pl rl prk`raslr ha ikrgl carrquodl bl d o l movafassuparokras. Dkmstl ha domdk sunprk`rlgls qua skm fks so`uoamtas3

hoiaramdoldom dk`motovl, pardapdom skdolf, dkgumodldom varnlf, blnofohlhas

skdolfas y skfudom ha prknfagls.

Af amtramlgoamtk ast hosalhk plrl sa r lpfodlhk am `rupks ikrglhkspkr domdk pldoamtas dkgk gmogk y soata dkgk gxogk, dkm uml hurldom ha

umks tras gasas (tras vadas pkr saglml, dkm u m l hurldom ha amtra 45 l 95gomutks pkr sasom).

Asta amtramlgoamtk iua utofozlhk pkr Nrammar y dkflnkrlhkras (Nrammar,

Bkhaf, Juna y ^khar,


106/326

uml hoiaramdol amtra fks `rupks a m tls avlfuldokmas pkstarokras park mk so bly

omtarlddom dkm fl vlrolnfa plsk haf t oagpk k amtramlgoamtk, tamoamhk am

duamtl qua bly gackrl a m tkhks fks `rupks. Lhags, as hoidof hatargomlr qu

bl prkhudohk fl gackrl pl rl a f `rupk axparogamtlf, hlhk qua dkmstl ha vlroks

ghufks. H a astl ikrgl mk pkhagks hatargomlr so fl gackrl s a prkhuck pkr a famtramlgoamtk dkm fk s ghufks omiarokras k dkm fk s suparokras. Ukr ktrl plrta,

pkdk s a puaha hador sknra a f aiadtk h a f amtramlgoamtk am vlrolnfas dk`motovls,puastk qua sfk s a uslrkm hks pruanls pl rl avlfulr fl dk`modom y , lhags,mk s a amduamtrl gackrl am uml ha affls. Iomlfgamta, astks lutkras mk utofozlm

pruanls am fls qua fl fotarlturl bl hagkstrlhk fl axostamdol ha um ramhogoamtkhatarokrlhk dkm pknfldom asquozkirmodl.

Tplufhom`, ^aah, Tuffovlm, ^odblrhskm y Paofar 6 < ? ? ? ) amtramlrkm l 8?

pldoamtas psoquotrodks, a m su glykrl asquozkirmodks, dkm fl OUX, dkgplrlmhk

s u ramhogoamtk am hovarsls pruanls dkm um `rupk dkmtrkf ikrglhk pkr 8>

pldoamtas. Fks rasuftlhks omhodlrkm qua trls a f amtramlgoamtk sfk hkspumtuldokmas gackrlrkm so`moiodltovlgamta am af `rupk axparogamtlf

6omtarlddom omtarparskmlf y lgpfotuh ha lprabamsom). Lhags, lgnks `rupks

gackrlrkm am mugarksls pruanls pkr fk qua pkhagks dkmdfuor qua a f

amtramlgoamtk mk iua aiadtovk. Ukr ktrl plrta, astks `rupks plrtodoplrkm am

vlroks prk`rlgls plrlfaflgamta (blnofohlhas skdolfas...) qua pkhrl custoiodlrasl gackrl.

DKMDFQTOKMAT

225=

KAY8if~-C

~


107/326

^ablnofotldom

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108/326

^ablnofotldomdk`motovl3prkdasksltamdokmlfas

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109/326

^ablnofotldomdk`motovlam

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110/326


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111/326

^ablnofotldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas ? 4

8.1.2.Amtramlgoamtk ha p rkdasks. Astogufldom horadtl lhoro`ohl


112/326

Asta topk ha omtarvamdom as sogoflr lf gtkhk lmtarokr park sa damtrl am

rals dk`motovls dkmdratls. Ta nlsl am qua fl astogufldom aspadiodl as

asamdolf plrl fl raduparldom ha fl iumdom 6^knartskm,


113/326

axparogamtlf.

Am astl fmal sa amduamtrlm fks trlnlcks ralfozlhks am af Flnkrltkrok ha

Lgnoamtas Yohulfas ha fl Qmovarsohlh ha Tkutbar Dlfoikrmol (^ ozzk at lf . ,


114/326

ATXQHOKT H A TQCAXKT DK M X^LQGLX OTGKT D^LMAKAMDAUFODKT

Amtramlgoamtk dkm tlrals ha plpaf y fpozDlrtar, Bkwlrh y KMa o f (


115/326

Am af lmfosos ha hltks sfk sa utofozlrkm fks rasuftlhks ha fks sucatks qua am fl

pruanl ha avlfuldom kntuvoarkm um ramhogoamtk haiodotlrok (25% pkr hanlck ha

fl gahol), tlmtk am af `rupk dkmtrkf dkgk af axparogamtlf.

Fks rasuftlhks gkstrlrkm uml glykr gackrl am af `rupk axparogamtlf,dkgplrlhk dkm a f dkmtrkf, am fl s tras vlrolnfas avlfulhls. Tom agnlr`k, umk ha

fks prknfagls haf hosak ha astl omvasto`ldom as qua fls pruanls ha f

amtramlgoamtk y fls ha fl avlfuldom skm fl s gosgls, pkr fk qua fl gackrl

kntamohl pksonfagamta sal hanohl l fl garl rapatodom ha fl s pruanls, fk qua

custoiodlrl qua af omdragamtk am dulmtk lf ramhogoamtk iuarl glykr plrl af

`rupk axparogamtlf.

Af Lttamtokm Urkdass Xrlomom` 6LUX: Tkbfnar` y Gltaar,


116/326

pruanls h a f amtramlgoamtk iuarkm lpfodlhls dkm krhamlhkr. Fl pruanl qua s autofoz am fl avlfuldom ha fl ltamdom iua a f ULTLX (pruanl ha dkmtrkf gamtlf

am fl qua a f sucatk hana suglr a f mgark qua asdudbl am uml domtl dkm af qua

lplrado custk lmtarokrgamta) y um tast ha rafldokmas aspldolfas, astl ftogl

pruanl iua uto fozlhl dkgk pruanl dkmtrk f, am fl q u a m k sa asparlnl quabunoarl gackrl. Xrls a f amtramlgoamtk s a vkfvo l avlfulr l f sucatk,

kntamomhksa u ml gackrl ha fk s dultrk sucatks am a f ULTLX 6 m k am fl ktrlpruanl ha prkdaslgoamtk vosulf).

Dlnrl salflr qua fks lutkras sfk utofozlrkm uml pruanl y mk blnl u m

`rupk dkmtrkf, pkr fk qua a s hoidof hatargomlr fl vlrolnfa raspkmslnfa ha flgackrl. Lhags, fk s toagpks amtra fl s avlfuldokmas iuarkm dkrtks, fk qua blda

pamslr qua pkhrl prkhudorsa um aiadtk ha gackrl pkr fl prdtodl am fl pruanlha avlfuldom, promdoplfgamta tamoamhk am duamtl qua fl avlfuldom s a rapota

trls ldlnlr u m ghufk. Af mk kntamar asta aiadtk dkm fl ktrl tlral raifaclrl

sogpfagamta qua lf`m topk ha tlrals, dkgk fl s ltamdokmlfas, pkhrlm gackrlrpkr aiadtk ha fl prdtodl y ktrls m k .

Af sa`umhk astuhok as af ha Ulrj, Ukrufx y Xkwars (


117/326

amdkmtrlr gackrl.

A m asta d l s k , fl utofozldom ha um `rupk dkmtrkf pkhrl blnar pargotohkdkmdfuor qua fl gackrl knsarvlhl mk arl hanohl lf amtramlgoamtk, puastk qua

tlgnom s a kntuvk u ml gackrl am af ramhogoamtk ha lgnls pruanls am astaftogk `rupk, pa rk hlhls fl s dlrldtarstodls ha asta `rupk dkmtrkf, mk pkhagksdkmdfuorfk. Fl hoiaramdol am a f omtarvlfk amtra avlfuldokmas blda qua lgnks

`rupks mk salm dkgplrlnfas.

Bly qua salflr, lhags, qua uml vlrolnfa qua pkhrl sar fl raspkmslnfa

h a f xotk kntamohk am asta astuhok a s fl lpfodldom ha fl s pruanls am iumdom haframhogoamtk prasamtlhk pkr a f sucatk.

Amtramlgoamtk dkm krhamlhkr

Am


118/326

` c

am asa gkgamtk y lmktlr so gorlnl l f tarlpautl l fk s kcks k mk . Am asta d l s k ,as pksonfa qua af amtramlgoamtk iuarl g uy aspadoiodk y qua mk sa prkhucarl

`amarlfozldom ha fk amtramlhk l ktrls tlrals.

Xras lks gs tlrha 6 < ? ? 5 ) , Moaglmm y dkflnkrlhkras ralfozlrkm um

astuhok am af qua amtramlrkm l >? pldoamtas dkm fasom daranrlf g kharlhl y

savarl 6Moaglmm, ^uii y Nlsar,


119/326

A f amtramlgoamtk dkmsosto am lpratlr um nktm dulmhk lplradoarl um

kncatovk vosulf y/k ldstodk y hatadtlr so um l dlsoffl ha dkfkr astlnl omdfuohl amum dkmcumtk ha astgufks. X r l s a f amtramlgoamtk fk s sucatks sfk gackrlrkm am

fls pruanls ha dlmdafldom y am fks t oagpks ha ralddom sogpfa vosulf yluhotovk. Doartlgamta bly qua omhodlr qua sfk gackrlrkm am lquaffls tlrals am

fls qua iuarkm amtramlhks.

@rly y ^knartskm ralfozlrkm hks astuhoks am fks qua lpfodlrkm u m

prk`rlgl ha krhamlhkr pl rl gackrlr hiodot ltamdokmlfas. A f progark (@rly y^knartskm, ).

Hostronuyarkm ha ikrgl lfaltkrol l 4 < pldoamtas3 < 0 radonoarkm amtramlgoamtk amltamdom y dkmikrglnlm a f `rupk axparogamtlf y < 8 u m prk`rlgl ha krhamlhkr

radraltovk qua dkmstotul a f `rupk dkmtrkf Ta avlfu l fk s sucatks lmtas h a f

^ablnofotldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas < 5 5 parskmls quaiuarkm lso`mlhls lfaltkrolgamta l umk ha fks tras `rupks3 a f axparogamtlf, a fltamdom/pfldank y af dkmtrkf. A f progar `rupk, a f `rupk axparogamtlf, radonl af

amtramlgoamtk am ltamdom: goamtrls qua a f `rupk ltamdom/pfldank ralfozlnlfls gosgls tlrals y radonlm fl gosgl ltamdom haf axparogamtlhkr, pa rk flstlrals arlm lhgomostrlhls ha ikrgl lfaltkrol, a s hador, mk sa`ulm um krham

dradoamta ha hoioduftlh, y af lvlmda mk sa ralfozlnl am iumdom ha f ramhogoamtk

h a f sucatk.

Fl avlfuldom ralfozlhl l tkhks fks sucatks dkmstlnl modlgamta ha uml

pruanl ha toagpk ha ralddom. Fks rasuftlhks gkstrlrkm gackrl am asta mhoda

sfk am af `rupk axparogamtlf. Uksonfagamta um dkgpkmamta qua llha asta

astuhok l fks lmtarokras a s qua fl prdtodl pkr s gosgl mk a s aiadtovl so mk s aralfozl ha ikrgl kr`lmozlhl, a s hador, han a or am krham dradoamta ha hoioduftlh y

lvlmzlr am rafldom lf ramhogoamtk h a f sucatk.

Astks gosgks lutkras plrtodoplrkm am ktrk astuhok (Namahodt at lf. ,


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acadudom haf sucatk. Fks rasuftlhks omhodlrkm qua a f amtramlgoamtk, qua

dkmstlnl ha 4 8 ghufks, mk gackr af ramhogoamtk am mom`uml ha fls pruanls

ha avlfuldom.

Ukr ftogk, Gahlfol, Lfugl, Xrykm y Garrolm (


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fl tlral, qua sa knsarvl dulmhk a f parokhk amtra avlfuldokmas a s dkrtk, k

dulmhk s a uslm fl s gosgls pruanls k ha fl gosgl astrudturl am fl avlfuldomy am a f amtramlgoamtk 6D lr ta r at lf. ,


124/326

^ablnofotldomdk`motovl3prkdasksltamdokmlfas5l=

5

F

T

=Ot64

l=

2t~l=5

~4

55

6u1-w7

l=.5K.

K

l=

6Q

~

5.

~>AA

I-K~HQC6

4444455

(K

l=

l

A[

K

.~P

~>

DAA

~

5=5=5=

55.5

k.~

~=

a~A

A

A

kk=

k=

k

r~D

s

Q-

(5k==8l=FKFKFL-

=8Kkk

l=Aa,

.5

>-

A

.>,

9DHaA

Dk

Ak


125/326

otldomdk`m

otovlamasquozkiramol3lpfodldomhafLUX

AAK.

(KkAAka=k(8AKFT6KKK.

l=

k.-

55.54

Ka,1-2

a

C5KOt

.5

k

a

m

5=k55

65

~sD

K

=

FK

F

K

k

kT

~w

A~9

l=75

5k

l=

K=

5

1

6K

FK

Kl6u

l=

A

5k

1

A

D

K

6K

Ot..K.

55=A

6K.-,

D

AKl=DK-

-l=

Ot--~

561

l=

56Q

6L

l=

Al=

6u

aa,5kl

.A

K=

56K

1Aa,l=6555

Aif6Q

1-5=

(K(K55k

AA

A(K

OtaAa,l=FKa6Q5555aa

K.K.

5555(8

kK)

K=

7A7=855kK)?ak.4.5A5

5

kKOtAK=5kl=5

5KA1-k

l=7

al=641-

55565Pk..5~

kB5-k

A6K5

1-.5

(KD9=

~

l

=

df

aAkF

KK=

.5kFx=8K

=

=8(5

D

H

(K65

6Q

k-l=.>,>l=

K.

k=89=

A

6K59=

ADKA

kTT

.5A6K

7k,l=

5=1A

AK)l=

Ts~.

6KTD

Ot

(86

=8DK

A

5

565Ot

~1

S~

l=

hC59=

-k=

K=a

65a

,=8

7Fx

D

K=zH

aDKA551-Ot

l=l==

6K~

m

Dlm5=

l

=

1-a

K.

A55

9=

65

55

K

1t

=K

K

~9

A

~

~=D

K

6

Q

l.T

l=

Ak

K)A

~A

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D

K

~

A

l=

OtaDl=k6u5l

6K~~

6k.[K

6~

7

K.

~,

k~

~@>

aTak=

A.59

~

6K

D

K

A

Am65

5=

9=

Fx

fA

AA

=-g

Fodk

Fo,

l=

Al=

FT

D

K

K.

u,

Fka(8FK65DPDKAK16Q1Hk

(K

K

l=

A

l

l,

6KifasOt

KM

11

~

A

l=H5=

l555

>~dl>m

A

D

a,K

-k

AK

11

ATA

L

;

k.A

l=

~AA

4

T

@,KC

k

D.D

5=

5=9?

l=

A=8Dk

6l

kksd

u>5lsd-l6=4tuDkk


126/326


kK=l=6K

~d

A

l=

~~

1-

~

K.

`

~

.~~

=R

~A

A

~

Adx,

Al=

AK=

l=

k

FK

~5F

T

1w4

6Q

Q5

l=

l

55

6K

l

~

55

D

K.

A

3~

A

(K

A

6u

Kk=

K

a~6K

a~

5>

4,

Dl

~

KDk555

a,(Kl=DKDK

=AA~AAA

Fx

k

-76u

6~

B

KDBABB

5)=8

Ttk~A

9

7

6OttA~c

~T5

l=

6

Q

o!K>

6t6u

6


127/326

ofotldomdk`motovlamasquozkiramol3lpfodldomhafLUX

55

FKDK

(K

a

k~a,~

>l=,Al=

Al=~7

~9=

A.~KOt

?

kA

K

H(K

=

.dK)t

,

KA?

d

x

=

5=

A

~aL;.

Aka

A

a

55

65

F

O=

k=

0;

l=5

FK(KS

d

QH

9=~,AFK

D

k.K6K

~

~

A

AA

~

55

a

654

l=5DK~ir-

Ad


128/326


A

D

K

l=

A

A

l=

if

as

~l2

6kA

DA

Fx-

k

j~

~

\

-FK

Hl=

k-u,

Al=K1-k

l=

FK

5.5--

5=

9

=A

Hg

-l=

or~

5=1-

K.la~l=

K=

K)AA09ju,u,l=kk5.AkAl=

(K9=Ak1

4k=

55k(K9=

~

-.~

l

=d

Q-A

~Y

.~

FT

co65a

1-d

8

ifQ

Akaa,l=k-Akl=

66Q

66uK-B

(Kk.

DKu,

A

>~~!kA

a-

DK

DK~

DfM.~-

(Kl=

kj=87kK--5=~5=

6KD=

KA=-

AMAKK

55D6

uA6

uA9

=(KFk

l=55

.>d

FK6Kl=

DK

FK

Dk

DK=

1

~~DK

Kd

< < 5 ^ablnofotldom dk`motovl am asquozkiramol3 lpfodldom ha f LUX

L dkmtomuldom sa prasamtl uml tlnfl rasugam dkm fls promdoplfasdkmdfusokmas axtrlhls am dlhl gkhlfohlh ha fk s astuhoks dkgamtlhks.

Xlnfl 8 .> 3 ^asugam ha fls dkmdfusokmas ha fks astuhoks


129/326

DKMDFQTOKMAT @AMA^LFAT

M ks amdkmtrlgks dkm uml lgpfol `lgl ha astuhoks ha fks qua mk as idof

axtrlar afagamtks nsodks ha omtarvamdom. Ls, dkgk sa bl pkhohk knsarvlr, af

Urkdahogoamtks kparlmtas- Aiadtovohlh ha fl prdtodl rapatohl

- Mk àmarlfozldom ha fk amtramlhk l fl avlfuldom- âiuarzk am prdtodl rapatohlAmtramlgoamtk am astrltaòls

- Hoidof hosdarmor qu gackrl as prkhudtk hd fl prdtodl rapatohl y duf ha famtramlgoamtk am lutkomstruddokmas.

- Togofotuh amtra fls pruanls ha avlfuldom y fls amtramlhls- Hltks dkmtrlhodtkroks- Astuhoks ha dlsk modk- Lfùmks mk agpfalm `rupks dkmtrkfas

Xarlpol ha astogufldom, k prdtodl, m k horoòhl- Ukdk aiadtovk am af ramhogoamtk ltamdokmlf- Mk utofozldom ha `rupk dkmtrkf- Omlhadulhl avlfuldom- Guastrls paquals- Uruanls ha avlfuldom sogoflras l fls ha omtarvamdom

Amtramlgoamtk ha prkdasks. Astogufldom horadtl k horoòhl- Aspadoiodohlh ha fks amtramlgoamtks3 mk sa àmarlfozlm l ktrls blnofohlhas- Uksonofohlh ha gackrl pkr aiadtk ha fl prdtodl- Ogpkrtlmta utofozlr prdtodl kr`lmozlhl- Lfùmks dlradam ha `rupk dkmtrkf- Lmlfozlr sfk fks hltks ha fks sucatks dkm ramhogoamtk nlck

âblnofotldom dk`motovl3 prkdasks ltamdokmlfas OOO

nlsa tarodl qua fls sustamta. Lf dlradarsa ha u m gkhafk sknra af

iumdokmlgoamtk dk`motovk mkrglf, fk s prk`rlgls s a hosalm sknra omtuodokmas yaf samtohk dkgm. Kn volgamta, astk mk a s fk dkrradtk puastk qua l f gamkshanarolm sustamtlrsa am lf`m gkhafk sknra af iumdokmlgoamtk ltamdokmlf,


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tamoamhk soagpra am duamtl qua fk s gkhafks skm lf`k prkvosokmlf y qua fk srasuftlhks puaham varsa gkhoiodlhks pkr fl omtarlddom ha ktrks afagamtks.

s t a mk a s a f m o dk prknfagl qua axosta (Hkgnky, Tlmhkj y Nlsikrh,< ? 2 9 : ^ k n a r ts k m , < ? ? 8 ) . A m k d l s o k m a s , d ul m h k l f` u o a m h a s l r r k f fl u m lomtarvamdom, fl f f avl l dlnk y toama x o tk , s a dkmsoharl lutkgtodlgamta qua

stl a s aiadtovl s om qua s a bl`lm gs astuhoks pl rl rapfodlrl. H a badbk,dulmhk lf`m astuhok dkm rasuftlhks pksotovks bl sohk rapfodlhk pkr ktrls

omvasto`ldokmas sa b lm amdkmtrlhk rasuftlhks dkmtrlhodtkroks (vlsa, pkracagpfk, fk s astuhoks dkm lutkomstruddokmas, p`oml 04 y so`uoamtas). Lhags,

am kdlsokmas mks amdkmtrlgks dkm um prknfagl lhodokmlf3 fl glykrl ha fls

vadas mk sa punfodlm fk s dlsks am fks qua fl s omtarvamdokmas mk toamam x o t k .A stk kdurra dkm gudbl iraduamdol, mk sfk am omvasto`ldokmas qua hosalmprk`rlgls muavks, somk am lquaffls qua utofozlm ktrks p rk`rlgls qua am lf`m

gkgamtk tuvoarkm xotk. A stk so`moiodl qua s a prkhuda um sas`k am flomikrgldom, ha tl f ikrgl qua sa omtamtlm axtrlar promdopoks vfohks ha fk s

prk`rlgls qua s a punfodlm, pa rk qua am af dlsk ha dkmkdar astuhoks am fk squa mk blm sohk aiadtovks fls dkmdfusokmas axtrlhls sarlm hoiaramtas.

Doartlgamta astk as gs iraduamta l movaf lsostamdolf, hkmha fl

axparoamdol mks hoda ha fk s omtamtks qua sa bldam pkr omdkrpkrlr

rehabilitaciÓn cognitiva en esquizofrenia tesis

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