- � -

rekomendaciebi ZeglTa moyvarulTaTvis

anu

rogor movepyraT Zeglebs

- � -

saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis 2008 wlis saxlemwifo programa

g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri.

avtorebi: lali andronikaSvili

mariam didebuliZe

dimitri TumaniSvili.

mxatvari: dimitri anTaZe

dizaini da dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi

© saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro, �008

© g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri, �008

- � -

Zvirfaso Zeglis megobaro,

mravali adamiani Cvens qveyanaSica da mTels msofli-

oSic, aRfrTovanebuli Cveni winaprebis mier datovebu-

li sulieri da nivTieri memkvidreobiT, zrunvas masze

da cdilobs, ara mxolod TvoTon datkbes, isargeblos

da gamoiyenos igi, aramed momaval Taobebsac ucvleli

saxiT SeunarCunos da gadasces. istoriul-kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacva-SenarCuneba rTuli saqmea da gan-

sakuTrebul codnas da gamocdilebas iTxovs. magram es

rodi niSnavs, rom araspecielitebs ar SeuZliaT Tavisi,

Tundac mokrZalebuli wvlili Seitanon mis movla-pa-

tronobaSi, Tundac imiT, rom metismeti enTuziazmiT da

ucodinrobiT ar daazianon igi. saTanado movla ki xSir-

ad ZviradRirebul restavraciaze ufro mniSvnelovania

da efeqturi.

gTavazobT zogierT wessa da rekomendacias, romelic

ueWvelad gamogadgebaT, Tu mogixdebaT istoriul-kul-

turul ZeglebTan urTierToba da gagiCndebaT survili,

xeli SeuwyoT maTi sicocxlis gaxangZlivebas.

vidre uSualod rCevebs da rekomendaciebs mogawv-

didiT, gvsurs cota ram mogiTxroT kulturuli memkvi-

dreobis Taobaze.

`saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba qveynis su-

lieri da materialuri ganviTarebis matiane, eris TviT-

Segnebis Camoyalibebisa da TviTmyofadi erovnuli kul-

- � -

turis uwyvetobis winapiroba da kacobriobis saerTo

saganZuris ganuyofeli nawilia (saqarTvelos kanoni

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis Sesaxeb).

esa Tu is monumenturi qmnileba, romelic xalxTa

warsuli kulturis anarekls warmoadgens, dResac cocx-

ali organizmia, _ igi saukunovani tradiciebis cocxali

mowmea.

istoriuli Zeglis gansazRvreba moicavs rogorc

calkeul arqiteqturul nawarmoebs, aseve qalaqisa da

soflis landSafts, romelic gansakuTrebuli, TviT-

myofi kulturis damadasturebelia, ganviTarebis mniS-

vnelovani etapis Tu istoriuli movlenis aSkara mow-

mea. cneba _ istoriuli Zegli _ gulsxmobs ara marto

unikalur Zeglebs, aramed ubralo, TiTqosda rigiT

nawarmoebesac, romelic kargad asaxavs Tavis epoqas da

romelsac garkveuli kulturuli mniSvneloba aqvs.

adamianebi ufro da ufro naTlad acnobiereben ka-

cobriobis RirebulebaTa erTobliobas da aRiqvaven

kulturis Zeglebs, rogorc saerTo memkvidreobas. ukve

aRiarebulia, Cveni valdebulebaa maTi gadarCena da mo-

mavali TaobebisTvis gadacema. es Zvirfasi da Seucvleli

ganZia, romelic erTxel Tu davkargeT, verasdros davi-

brunebT.

kulturul memkvidreobaze zrunva dinamikuri pro-

cesia, romelic moiTxovs cvlilebebis marTvas imisTvis,

rom momavali Taobebi mixvdnen, ras vafasebT da gaigon

zogi ram maTi istoriuli fesvebis Sesaxeb. es ar niSnavs

yvelaferi Zvelis SenarCunebas, magram iTxovs misi Rire-

- � -

bulebebisa da mniSvnelobis yuradRebiT gansjas.

arqiteqturis da xelovnebis istoria gvTavazobs

maradiuli mSvenierebis nimuSebs, romlebic gasagebi da

xelmisawvdomia imaTTvisac, vinc maTi aSenebidan bevrad

gvian daibada, rodesac maTi aRmSeneblebic didi xnis

gardacvlilni arian. magram brwyinvale nawarmoebebiT

aRfrTovanebam da maTma dacvam ar unda dagvaviwyos

Cveulebrivi nagebobebi, romlebic ayalibebda Cveni wi-

naprebis cxovrebas. isini warmoadgens cocxal istorias

da gviCvenebs, Tu rogor viTardebodnen sazogadoebebi.

yvela qveyanasa da yvela droSi istoriul-kulturul

memkvidreobas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs yoveli maTga-

nis gansakuTrebulobis gamosavlenad, romliTac isini

amoicnoba.

standartizirebul, streotipul samyaroSi kul-

turuli memkvidreoba amkvidrebs da gvCuqnis ganumeo-

reblis, xelTqmnilobis, erTaderTobis surnelsa da

gancdas; siZvelTa siyvaruli, maTi Segroveba da tkoba

sakmaod Zveli movlenaa, magram siZvelis gancda, ro-

gorc memkvidreobisa, romelic unda xelSeuxeblad Se-

vinarCunoT da Tu saWiroa, aRvadginoT kidec, ufro

XIX s-is meore naxevridan Cndeba, swored maSin, roca te-

qnikurma progresma daiwyo ̀ adaminuris~ gamodevna adami-

nis cxovrebidan. amitom yovelive, rac gvaxsenebs, rom

odesRac sikeTes, silamazes, erTgulebas, Tavganwirvas

materialur mogebaze maRla vayenebdiT, rom xeliT vqm-

nidiT erTaderT da ganumeorebel nawarms da xSirad

nawarmoebebsac _ yovelive amas dRemde SemorCenili kul-

turuli memkvidreoba gvaxsenebs, gviaxloebs, gvicocx-

- � -

lebs. xeliT nakeToba axla gacilebiT Zviria, vidre saqa-

rxno produqcia. roca Zveli qalaqis mixveul-moxveul

quCebs miuyvebiT, sadac Cvens winaSe myudro Sida ezoebi

ixsneba, swored xelTnakeTis, ganumeoreblis, admianuris

gancda gvxiblavs da gvizidavs.

kulturuli memkvidreobis dafaseba da dacvis pro-

cesi da Zalisxmeva sul ufro Zlierdeba mTels msofli-

oSi, rasac mravali saerTaSoriso manifesti, qartia,

SeTanxmebebi mowmobs. da sul ufro Zlierdeba gancda

da rac mTavaria codna imisa, Tu ra `sargebeli~ moaqvs

kulturuli memkvidreobis saTanado dacvas. marTlac,

mecnierul doneze gamokveleuli da damtkicebulia,

rom kulturuli memkvidreoba umniSvnelovanes ekonomi-

kur resurs warmaodgens, didi Sesamosavlebis momtania

qveynisTvisac da ZeglSi an mis garSemo mcxovrebi adami-

anebisTvisac. da, Tundac amis gamo, unda gavifrTxildeT

mas da SevinarCunoT igi.

XIX s-is arqiteqtorebze ambobdnen, rom isini epyrob-

odnen Zvel eklesiebs da cixe-darbazebs, rogorc axlad

dapyrobil qveynebs. modiT, nuravis vaTqmevinebT amas

Cvens Sesaxeb da Cveni epoqac nu Seva kacobriobis da ker-

Zod saqarTvelos istoriaSi, rogorc winaparTa sulieri

danatovaris vandaluri ganadgurebis da ugulvelyofis

dro. modiT, erTad vizrunvoT im fasdaudebel ganZze,

romelic winaprebma dagvitoves, erTad movuaroT da da-

vicvaT Cveni Zeglebi.

- � -

Zvirfaso Tanamoqalaqe, kulturul memkvidreobas-

Tan Tqveni marTebuli da gonivruli moqmedebiT Tqven

SeunarCunebT silamazes da Rirsebas Cvens qalaqebsa

da daba-soflebs, Cvens siwmindeebs. Cveni qalaqebis da

soflebis, eklesiebisa da monastrebis ganaxlebuli mS-

veniereba kidev metad gauRvivebs Cvens Tanamemamulesa

da ucxoel stumars maTi monaxulebis survils. es xels

Seuwyobs xelosnobas da mosaxleobis komerciul saqmi-

anobas da nivTierad moaRonierebs Cvens qveyanas da Cvens

ojaxebs.

- 8 -

�. TviTneburad nu daaSenebT sarTuls.

saqarTveloSi SemorCenili saxlebi ZiriTadad miwis

xsnarze Sendeboda, amitom maTi kedlebi sakmarisad my-

ifea da daSenebas _ zedmet wonas ver uZlebs. am qmedebiT

SesaZloa saxls mTlianad avariuli mdgomareoba Sevuqm-

naT. amgvari rekonstruqciis Catareba mxolod speciali-

stebTan SeTanxmebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

- � -

�. TviTneburad nu aamaRlebT sxvens:

istoriuli saxlebis saxuravebi sxvadasxva ubnebSi

sxvadasxva daxriTa da xasiaTiT gamoirCeva, maTi naxa-

tis TviTneburi Secvla arRvevs ubnis istoriuli ganaS-

enianebis saerTo suraTs. aseTi amaRlebuli sxveni di-

sonansurad ikiTxeba saerTo fonze, amdenad am qmedebis

ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod specialistebTan

SeTanxmebiT.

- �0 -

�. TviTneburad nu SecvliT saxuravis masalas:

istoriuli ganaSenianebis saxuravebi (e.w. mexuTe

fasadi) erTian mxatvrul saxes qmnian -an kramitisa, an

Jangisferi Tunuqis, SesaZloa qvis lorfinis da sxva.

amdenad maTi TviTneburi Secvla Tanamedrove ma-

saliT _ polimeruli kramitiT an vercxlisferi TunuqiT

_ arRvevs ganaSenianebis mxatvrul-arqiteqturul saxes.

amgvari qmedeba dauSvebelia, saxuravis masalis ga-

mocvla unda moxdes identuri masaliT (an misi Semcv-

leliT) specialistebTan SeTanxmebis Sedegad.

- �� -

�. TviTneburad nu SecvliT gegmarebas:

istoriuli saxlebis arqiteqturuli Rirebulebis

erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia maTi gegmarebiTi Tavise-

burebani: saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia anfiladuri

tipis sacxovreblebi, gvxvdeba agreTve koSkis tipis da

iSviaTad darbazis tipis saxlebi. Sida tixrebis TviTne-

buri moSliT, Tqven SesaZloa daukargoT saxls es Tavise-

bureba, rac mis arqiteqtorul Rirebulebas daakninebs.

amgvari qmedebis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod

kvlevis safuZvelze saTanado specialistebTan SeTanx-

mebiT.

- �� -

�. TviTneburad nu moSliT istoriul kedelis mxatv-

robas, nu gafxekT da nu SeRebavT Zvel naZerwobas, xeze

kveTilobas, gamarTulobas (buxrebs, Rumelebs da a.S.)

Tu Tqven istoriul saxlSi cxovrobT da kedlebze

jer kidev SemorCenilia Zveli mxatvrobis fragmenti,

mouareT mas,es Tqveni uZravi qonebis yvelaze Rirebuli

nawilia. aseve gasafrTxilebelia Zvelad naZerwi ele-

mentebi saxlebis fasadebze da interierebSi SemorCenili

bareliefebi, ecadeT ar daazianoT da remontisas saxe

ar ucvaloT maT. Cveni qveynis sinamdvileSi istoriul

saxlebSi jer kidev SemorCenilia umSvenieresi kedlis

moWiquli Rumelebi da buxrebi, xis taxtebi da ganjinebi,

yovelive es Rirebuli siZvelea da saTanadod unda iqnas

aRnusxul-movlili. mimarTeT ZeglTadacviT organoebs

raTa Tqvens saxlSi arsebuli siZvele saxelmwifo dac-

vis qveS moeqces. amiT Tqven mniSvnelo-

van daxmarebas gauwevT saxelmwifos,

amasTan miiRebT specialistis

rCevebs da SesaZlo daxmarebas

maTi SenarCunebisaTvis.

- �� -

�. Tu istoriuli eklesiis ganaxlebas apirebT,

aucileblad mimarTeT ZeglTa dacvas, winaaRmdeg SemTx-

vevaSi kanondamrRvevi aRmoCndebiT. TviTneburad arc iq

arsebuli kankelis da Zveli saxateebis gamocvla SeiZle-

ba. daelodeT specialistis rCevas.

nu SeexebiT kedlis mxatvrobas, is Zalian faqiz mopy-

robas moiTxovs da SesaZloa gamousworeblad daziandes.

kanoniT kategoriulad akrZalulia istoriuli Zeglebis

xelaxali gadalesva cementis xsnariT, es sabolood da-

Rupavs Zegls. aseve TviTneburad ar SeiZleba xis ele-

mentebis, koWebis, iatakis qvis an aguris fenilis da sxva

avTenturi elementebis gamocvla. istoriuli nagebo-

bebis aguris an qvis kedlis mopirkeTeba axali masaliT.

aucileblad miiReT specialistis rCevebi, rom uneblie

damnaSave ar gaxdeT.

- �� -

�. istoriul nagebobebze TviTneburad ar SeiZleba

teqnikuri aRWurvilobis (eleqtrogayvanilobis, venti-

laciis, wyalgayvanilobis, gaTbobis sistemis, gazgayvani-

lobis da kanalizaciis) gamocvla da dayeneba. amgvari

qmedeba aucileblad unda moxdes konstruqtor-special-

istTan SeTanxmebiT, raTa metad ar daziandes Zeglis

teqnikuri mdgomareoba, amasTan es proeqti gamarTuli

unda iyos ZegldacviTi kuTxiTac, teqnikuri sistemebi

araesTetiurad gamoiyureba da ise unda ganTavsdes, rom

Zeglis mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli Rirseba ar Seilaxos.

- �� -

8. istoriuli nagebobis Rirebulebis Semadgeneli

elementebia Zveli karebi, aivnebi, kibeebi da maTi moa-

jirebi, aseve kar-sarkmelTa Zveli cxaurebi. TviTnebu-

rad nu gamocvliT maT, amiT Tqvenve qonebis Rirebule-

bas amcirebT.

- �� -

�. istoriuli saxlebis Semadgeneli nawilia aseve

Zveli sardafebi, romelTa umetesobas Tavad gaaC-

nia mxatvruli Rirebuleba. gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia

sardafebis aguris kedlis wyoba, maTi TaRovani kamare-

bi, kedlis niSebi da iatakis fenili. am mxatvruli Ri-

rebulebis moSla dauSvebelia, miT ufro, rom amgvari

sardafebi SesaniSnavad adaptirdeba Tanamedrove komer-

ciuli daniSnulebis sivrceebad _ kafeebad, restor-

nebad, sagamofeno darbazebad. nu dakargavT am SesaZle-

blobas, nu amoavsebT, nu gadaagegmarebT, nu galesavT da

a.S. Zvel sardafebs.

- �� -

�0. TviTneburad nu SecvliT Senobis gare mopirkeTe-

bas (qvis filebs, nalesobas da a.S.) kedlis faqturas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs arqiteqturis mTlianobisaTvis, amitom

misi Secvla mxolod specialistebTan SeTanxmebiT unda

moxdes. aseve dauSvebelia fasadebis feradovnebis Se-

cvla, istoriuli nagebobis fasadis feradovneba ZeglTa

dacvis organoebTan unda SeTanxmdes.

- �8 -

��. istoriuli saxlebis umetesobas fasadebze

SemorCenili aqvT xis an liTonis aivnebi, moajirebim cx-

aurebi, samercxulebi da sarkmelebi.

yvela es detali mxatvruli Rirebulebisaa da ar-

qiteqturuli nawilTan SesabamisobaSia. maTi Secvla an

moSla kategoriulad dauSvebelia specialistebTan Se-

Tanxmebis gareSe.

- �� -

��. nu gamocvliT TviTneburad xis an liTonis sadar-

bazos karebs, WiSkrebs, sarkmelebis alaTebs, xSirad xis

avTenturi alaTebi metaloplastikiT icvleba, rac sru-

liad ar Seefereba Zvel saxlebs. amdenad es qmedebac

specialistebis rCeviT unda ganxorcieldes.

- �0 -

��. TviTneburad nu amoZirkvavT kedlebze amosul

xeebsa da did buCqebs, mcenareTa fesvebi SesaZloa ked-

lebSi Rrmad iyos Sesuli da amoZirkvam kedlis sruli

daSla gamoiwvios. aseve droulad Camosabelia ZeglTa

saixloves mdgomi xeebi, xis waqcevam SesaZloa saxlis ke-

deli metad daazianos.

- �� -

��. TviTneburad nu SecliT Zvel Riobebsa da zRudee-

bs, umetesobas saintereso arqiteqturuli gadawyveta an

Rirebuli qvis wyoba aqvs. es Zveli qalaqebis Semadgene-

li elementia da gafrTxilebas moiTxovs.

- �� -

��. istoriuli mniSvnelobis arealSi TviTneburad

nu awarmoebT miwis samuSaoebs Senobis ezoebsa Tu maT

mimdinare miwis nakveTebze. am teritoriaze SesaZloa

arqeologiuri Rirebulebis mqone siZvele inaxebodes,

romelsac specialuri Seswavla da konservacia esaWiroe-

ba.

- �� -

��. nu moWriT Senobis ezoebsa Tu maT mimdebared

miwis nakveTebze arsebul Zvel xeebs, buCqnars an Zvel

yvavilnarebs. es landSafturi garemo Tqveni Zeglis

bunebrivi Tanmxlebia da movla-patronoba, gajansaRe-

bas iTxovs. droulad amowmindeT wylis Rarebi, wvimis

gadasayvani milebi, sadrenaJo arxebi, Webi, sagubarebi,

ZeglTan myofi auzebi, wyaroebi da a.S. maTi dazianeba da

gaumtaroba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis arqiteqturul

Zeglebs, xolo maTi droulad movla bevr problemas

agacilebT.

- �� -

��. nu daanagvianebT Zeglsa da mis garemos, daasufTa-

veT Tqveni ezoebi da baRebi Camocvenili foTlebisagan

da totebisagan. istoriuli siZvelis aseTi upativcemu-

loba ganviTarebuli sazogadoebisaTvis Seuferebelia.

- �� -

�8. droulad SeakeTeT Senobis saxuravi _ gaas-

woreT daZruli kramiti, daamagreT da SeRebeT Tunuqis

furclebi, SeakeTeT dazianebuli wylisgadamyvani mili

(Jolobi), Zalian xSirad swored aseTi nawveTi wyali

iwvevs nagebobis kedlis Seuqcevad rRvevas. nu daelo-

debiT saxelmwifo daxmarebas im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

Tavad SegiZliaT uSveloT istoriul Zegls.

- �� -

��. aseve mniSvnelovania droulad SeakeToT an drou-

lad SeatyobinoT Sesabamis organoebs wyalgayvanilobis,

kanalizaciis Tu eleqtrogayvanilobis da gaTbobis sis-

temebis dazianebis Sesaxeb. nu daRupavT siZveles teqni-

kuri gaumarTaobis mizeziT.

- �� -

�0. dauyovnebliv SeatyobineT Sesabamis saxelmwifo

samsaxurebs Senobis bunebrivi mizezebiT (Tavsxma, qa-

riSxali, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a.S.), Tu ubeduri

SemTxvevis gamo (xanZari, kedlis, Weris CamoSla da a.S.),

konstruqciuli dazianebebiT (Senobis jdena, bzarebis

da napralebis gaCena da a.S.) Zeglis mdgomareobis cvli-

lebebis Sesaxeb, amiT Tqven Zegls ufro mZime dazianebi-

sagan daicavT.

- �8 -

��. gaarkvieT Sesabamis saxelmwifo samsaxurebTan

ra valdebulebebi gekisrebaT Tqveni kuTvnili siZvelis

(Senobis, moxatulobis, istoriuli nargavebis) daculo-

bis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aseve gaarkvieT ra SesaZlo

daxmarebas miiRebT saxelmwifosagan unikaluri siZvelis

movla-patronobisTvis.

- �� -

��. daadgineT Sesabamis saxelmwifo samsaxurebTan

Tqveni kuTvnili siZvelis sazogadoebisa da speciali-

stebisaTvis gacnobis pirobebi. kulturuli memkvidreo-

ba sajaro gacnobis Rirsia da amis pirobebs saxelmwifo

adgens.

- �0 -

��. SeaTanxmeT saxelmwifo samsaxurTan arqiteq-

turuli proeqti yvela im samuSaoze, romlis ganxor-

cielebasac apirebT istoriul Zeglze, amasTan proeqtis

safuZveli unda iyos Sesabamisi specialistebis (kon-

struqtoris, arqeologis, xelovnebaTmcodnis) kvleva,

mxolod am SemTxvevaSi iqneba Tqveni qmedeba kanonieri

da ZeglisaTvis sasargeblo.

- �� -

SeniSvnebi

- �� -